994 files changed, 88885 insertions, 33410 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f702415c12..66199edd4a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /GIT-CFLAGS
 /GIT-LDFLAGS
-/GIT-GUI-VARS
 /GIT-PREFIX
+/GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 /GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 /GIT-USER-AGENT
 /GIT-VERSION-FILE
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
+/git-check-ignore
+/git-check-mailmap
 /git-check-ref-format
 /git-checkout
 /git-checkout-index
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@
 /git-remote-fd
 /git-remote-ext
 /git-remote-testgit
+/git-remote-testpy
 /git-remote-testsvn
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
@@ -171,7 +174,6 @@
 /git-whatchanged
 /git-write-tree
 /git-core-*/?*
-/gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
@@ -190,6 +192,8 @@
 /test-mktemp
 /test-parse-options
 /test-path-utils
+/test-prio-queue
+/test-read-cache
 /test-regex
 /test-revision-walking
 /test-run-command
@@ -198,6 +202,8 @@
 /test-string-list
 /test-subprocess
 /test-svn-fe
+/test-urlmatch-normalization
+/test-wildmatch
 /common-cmds.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
@@ -227,6 +233,7 @@
 /cscope*
 *.obj
 *.lib
+*.res
 *.sln
 *.suo
 *.ncb
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index c7e8618300..1c1f5ec6bf 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -5,97 +5,242 @@
 # same person appearing not to be so.
 #
 
+<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Alejandro R. Sedeño <asedeno@MIT.EDU> <asedeno@mit.edu>
 Alex Bennée <kernel-hacker@bennee.com>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <fork0@t-online.de>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@limbo.localdomain>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@steel.home>
+Alex Vandiver <alex@chmrr.net> <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
 Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <zapped@mail.ru>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <Alex.Crezoff@gmail.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@ksplice.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@mit.edu>
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
-Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@rossby.metr.ou.edu>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@us.ibm.com>
+Ben Walton <bdwalton@gmail.com> <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com> <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>
+Bernt Hansen <bernt@norang.ca> <bernt@alumni.uwaterloo.ca>
+Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryan.larsen@gmail.com>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryanlarsen@yahoo.com>
 Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
+Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> <chrisw@osdl.org>
+Cord Seele <cowose@gmail.com> <cowose@googlemail.com>
+Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de> <chs@ckiste.goetheallee>
+Csaba Henk <csaba@gluster.com> <csaba@lowlife.hu>
 Dan Johnson <computerdruid@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> Dana How
 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <daniel.trstenjak@online.de>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <trsten@science-computing.de>
+David Brown <git@davidb.org> <davidb@quicinc.com>
 David D. Kilzer <ddkilzer@kilzer.net>
 David KÃ¥gedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> <dreiss@dreiss-vmware.(none)>
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> <ebb9@byu.net>
+Eric Hanchrow <eric.hanchrow@gmail.com> <offby1@blarg.net>
 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
 Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com> <kusmabite@googlemail.com>
-Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
+Eyvind Bernhardsen <eyvind.bernhardsen@gmail.com> <eyvind-git@orakel.ntnu.no>
+Florian Achleitner <florian.achleitner.2.6.31@gmail.com> <florian.achleitner2.6.31@gmail.com>
+Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com> <fbuihuu@gmail.com>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <djpig@debian.org>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <flichtenheld@astaro.com>
+Fredrik Kuivinen <frekui@gmail.com> <freku045@student.liu.se>
 Frédéric Heitzmann <frederic.heitzmann@gmail.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Garry Dolley <gdolley@ucla.edu> <gdolley@arpnetworks.com>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@MIT.EDU>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@ksplice.com>
+Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net> <git-list@hvoigt.net>
+H. Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@smyrno.hos.anvin.org>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@google.com> Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@fieldses.org>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@pig.linuxdev.us.dell.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org>
 Jakub Narębski <jnareb@gmail.com>
-Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+James Y Knight <jknight@itasoftware.com> <foom@fuhm.net>
+# The 2 following authors are probably the same person,
+# but both emails bounce.
+Jason McMullan <jason.mcmullan@timesys.com>
+Jason McMullan <mcmullan@netapp.com>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@EECS.Berkeley.EDU>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@cs.berkeley.edu>
+Jay Soffian <jaysoffian@gmail.com> <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
 Jeff King <peff@peff.net> <peff@github.com>
+Jeff Muizelaar <jmuizelaar@mozilla.com> <jeff@infidigm.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <axboe@suse.de>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
+Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net> <meyering@redhat.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
-Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
-Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
 Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
-Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
-Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
-Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
+John 'Warthog9' Hawley <warthog9@kernel.org> <warthog9@eaglescrag.net>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.com>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.org>
+Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com> <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Jonathan del Strother <jon.delStrother@bestbefore.tv> <maillist@steelskies.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josh@freedesktop.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josht@us.ibm.com>
+Julian Phillips <julian@quantumfyre.co.uk> <jp3@quantumfyre.co.uk>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <gitster@pobox.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@hera.kernel.org>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
-Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
-Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> Karl  Hasselström
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> <kha@yoghurt.hemma.treskal.com>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@dcon.de>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay.sievers@suse.de>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay@mam.(none)>
+Keith Cascio <keith@CS.UCLA.EDU> <keith@cs.ucla.edu>
 Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
+Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@landau.phys.spbu.ru>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@mns.spb.ru>
+Knut Franke <Knut.Franke@gmx.de> <k.franke@science-computing.de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
+Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> <lars.noschinski@rwth-aachen.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@evo.osdl.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
-Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Lukas Sandström <luksan@gmail.com> <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@ericsson.com> <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
 Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com>
+Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com> <mcostalba@yahoo.it>
+Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net> <mlevedahl@gmail.com>
 Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
 Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
 Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
+Matt Draisey <matt@draisey.ca> <mattdraisey@sympatico.ca>
+Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org> <matt.kraai@amo.abbott.com>
+Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> <hashproduct@gmail.com>
+Matthias Kestenholz <matthias@spinlock.ch> <mk@spinlock.ch>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@kiste.(none)>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@redhat.com>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@mellanox.co.il>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@dev.mellanox.co.il>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@MIT.EDU>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@mit.edu>
+Michal Rokos <michal.rokos@nextsoft.cz> <rokos@nextsoft.cz>
 Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>
-Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> <vmiklos@suse.cz>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung@kernel.org>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com> <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
 Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@MIT.EDU>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@ksplice.com>
 Nguyễn Thái Ng�c Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
-<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
-Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nickwoolley@yahoo.co.uk>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas.morey@free.fr>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmorey@kalray.eu>
+Nicolas Sebrecht <nicolas.s.dev@gmx.fr> <ni.s@laposte.net>
+Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> <paolo.bonzini@lu.unisi.ch>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@gmail.com>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@wanadoo.fr>
+Pat Notz <patnotz@gmail.com> <pknotz@sandia.gov>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@dorrigo.(none)>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@pogo.(none)>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <Peter.B.Baumann@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <siprbaum@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
 Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@suse.cz>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <xpasky@machine>
+Phil Hord <hordp@cisco.com> <phil.hord@gmail.com>
+Philip Jägenstedt <philip@foolip.org> <philip.jagenstedt@gmail.com>
+Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx> <ph@sorgh.de>
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
 Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
-René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
+Robert Shearman <robertshearman@gmail.com> <rob@codeweavers.com>
 Robert Zeh <robert.a.zeh@gmail.com>
-Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
-Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
+Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com> <robin.rosenberg.lists@dewire.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <rutger@nospam.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <git@tux.tmfweb.nl>
+Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com> <rda@google.com>
+Salikh Zakirov <salikh.zakirov@gmail.com> <Salikh.Zakirov@Intel.com>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> <sam.vilain@catalyst.net.nz>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> sam@vilain.net
+Santi Béjar <santi@agolina.net> <sbejar@gmail.com>
 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+Sebastian Schuberth <sschuberth@gmail.com> <sschuberth@visageimaging.com>
+Seth Falcon <seth@userprimary.net> <sfalcon@fhcrc.org>
 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
-Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <simon@lst.de>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <shausman@trolltech.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@atlas-elektronik.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Sperling <stsp@elego.de> <stsp@stsp.name>
+Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> <stepan.nemec@gmail.com>
+Stephen Boyd <bebarino@gmail.com> <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
+Steven Drake <sdrake@xnet.co.nz> <sdrake@ihug.co.nz>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> <sgrimm@sgrimm-mbp.local>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> koreth@midwinter.com
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lexmark.com>
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lpdev.prtdev.lexmark.com>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <Sven.Verdoolaege@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <skimo@liacs.nl>
 Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
+Ted Percival <ted@midg3t.net> <ted.percival@quest.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Thomas Ackermann <th.acker@arcor.de> <th.acker66@arcor.de>
 Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Timo Hirvonen <tihirvon@gmail.com> <tihirvon@ee.oulu.fi>
+Toby Allsopp <Toby.Allsopp@navman.co.nz> <toby.allsopp@navman.co.nz>
+Tom Grennan <tmgrennan@gmail.com> <tgrennan@redback.com>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@eagain.net>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@inoi.fi>
+Tommy Thorn <tommy-git@thorn.ws> <tt1729@yahoo.com>
 Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Ville Skyttä <scop@xemacs.org>
+Tor Arne Vestbø <torarnv@gmail.com> <tavestbo@trolltech.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <tpiepho@freescale.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> <scop@xemacs.org>
 Vitaly "_Vi" Shukela <public_vi@tut.by>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> <wking@drexel.edu>
 William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <qhwt+git@les.ath.cx>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <y0netan1@dragonflybsd.org>
 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+# the two anonymous contributors are different persons:
 anonymous <linux@horizon.com>
 anonymous <linux@horizon.net>
+İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
index d62aebd848..2c8b2d612e 100644
--- a/Documentation/.gitignore
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ gitman.info
 howto-index.txt
 doc.dep
 cmds-*.txt
+mergetools-*.txt
 manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 69f7e9b76c..e5ca3b75d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
-code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+code.  For Git in general, three rough rules are:
 
  - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
    ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
    judgement call, the decision based more on real world
    constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
 
+Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever.
 
 As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
 (this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
 contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
-convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match
 the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
 code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
 uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ For C programs:
 
  - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
 
- - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile git with,
+ - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
    including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
    initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
 
@@ -164,14 +165,14 @@ For C programs:
 
  - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
    or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
-   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   changed and discussed.  Many Git commands started out like
    that, and a few are still scripts.
 
- - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you
    usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
-   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly
    separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
-   repositories to git).
+   repositories to Git).
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
@@ -179,8 +180,76 @@ For C programs:
  - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
    translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
 
+For Perl programs:
+
+ - Most of the C guidelines above apply.
+
+ - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008").
+
+ - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred.
+
+ - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the
+   result easier to follow.
+
+	... do something ...
+	do_this() unless (condition);
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   is more readable than:
+
+	... do something ...
+	unless (condition) {
+		do_this();
+	}
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost
+   always called.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions.
+
+ - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality.
+
+ - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in
+   GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode:
+
+    ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too
+    ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)
+                  (tab-width . 8)
+                  (fill-column . 80)))
+     (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8)
+                    (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil)
+                    (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t))))
+
+For Python scripts:
+
+ - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
+
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
+
+ - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
+   also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
+
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
 Writing Documentation:
 
+ Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the
+ AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and
+ processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the
+ same directory).
+
+ The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK)
+ norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate.
+ In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently
+ used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US
+ (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing
+ documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the
+ Documentation/SubmittingPatches file).
+
  Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
  The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
  conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
@@ -230,3 +299,8 @@ Writing Documentation:
    valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
    (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
    also provided.
+
+  A note on notation:
+   Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something
+   the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter)
+   when talking about the version control system and its properties.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index e53d333e5c..4f13a23893 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,19 +1,41 @@
-MAN1_TXT= \
-	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
-		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
-	gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
-MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
-	gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
-MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
-	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
-	gitdiffcore.txt gitnamespaces.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
 MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
-MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
-MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
 
-DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html
+DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
 
 ARTICLES = howto-index
 ARTICLES += everyday
@@ -52,35 +74,36 @@ SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
 
 DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
 
-DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
-DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
-DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
-
-prefix?=$(HOME)
-bindir?=$(prefix)/bin
-htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man
-man1dir=$(mandir)/man1
-man5dir=$(mandir)/man5
-man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
-# DESTDIR=
+DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
+DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
+DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info
+pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man5dir = $(mandir)/man5
+man7dir = $(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR =
 
 ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
 XMLTO = xmlto
 XMLTO_EXTRA =
-INSTALL?=install
+INSTALL ?= install
 RM ?= rm -f
 MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages
 HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs
 
-infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info
-MAKEINFO=makeinfo
-INSTALL_INFO=install-info
-DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi
-DBLATEX=dblatex
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO = install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX = dblatex
+ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex
 ifndef PERL_PATH
 	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
 endif
@@ -178,8 +201,6 @@ all: html man
 
 html: $(DOC_HTML)
 
-$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
-
 man: man1 man5 man7
 man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
 man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
@@ -224,7 +245,11 @@ install-html: html
 #
 # Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
 #
-doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -248,21 +273,41 @@ cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
 clean:
 	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
 	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
 	$(RM) *.pdf
 	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
 	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
-	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
 	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
 
-$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
 manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 	sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
 
@@ -270,7 +315,7 @@ manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
 	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
 
-%.xml : %.txt
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
@@ -286,7 +331,7 @@ technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \
 	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
 
 technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
-$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
 
@@ -310,7 +355,7 @@ user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml
 
 user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
 	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl
@@ -348,8 +393,8 @@ $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt
 install-webdoc : html
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
 
-# You must have a clone of git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories
-# next to the git repository itself for the following to work.
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
 
 quick-install: quick-install-man
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
index 806a965a1b..be68524cff 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.10
    not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail.
 
  * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin
-   since we stopped using the diff minimalization by default in v1.7.2
+   since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2
    era.
 
  * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
index a0d24d1270..f0cfd02d6f 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.11.1
  * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
 
  * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
-   claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+   claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
 
  * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
    "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
index cf3f455ced..7796df3fe4 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.3
 --------------------
 
  * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking
-   that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
+   that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
    mistake.
 
  * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val"
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
index e74f4ef1ef..b9c66aa1b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Fixes since v1.7.8.1
  * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold)
    did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix.
 
- * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with
+ * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with
    native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly.
 
  * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might
-   be techinically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
+   be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
    to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository
    data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that
    follows a CR.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
index b4d90bba0f..249311361e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Updates to bash completion scripts.
 
  * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed
-   dependency automatically when the complier supports it.
+   dependency automatically when the compiler supports it.
 
  * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes
    part and also has a colon between "hh:mm".
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple
    commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort".
 
- * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients
+ * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients
    using ERR packets when appropriate.
 
  * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon".
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cde07ba29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git 1.8.1.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines in some corner cases.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * The "log --graph" codepath fell into infinite loop in some
+   corner cases.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a race that can lose new ones.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * Portability issues in many self-test scripts have been addressed.
+
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ab7b18906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Git 1.8.1.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.1
+--------------------
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * When users spelled "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..681cb35c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The fix for this in 1.8.1.2 had
+   performance degradations.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" did not replay a root commit to an unborn branch.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22af1d1643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git 1.8.1.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git imap-send" talking over imaps:// did make sure it received a
+   valid certificate from the other end, but did not check if the
+   certificate matched the host it thought it was talking to.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa68aef22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Given a string with a multi-byte character that begins with '-' on
+   the command line where an option is expected, the option parser
+   used just one byte of the unknown letter when reporting an error.
+
+ * In v1.8.1, the attribute parser was tightened too restrictive to
+   error out upon seeing an entry that begins with an ! (exclamation),
+   which may confuse users to expect a "negative match", which does
+   not exist.  This has been demoted to a warning; such an entry is
+   still ignored.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes ended
+   up finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git help remote-helpers" failed to find the documentation.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c15cf2e805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git 1.8.1.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * When the "--prefix" option is used to "checkout-index", the code
+   did not pick the correct output filter based on the attribute
+   setting.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..769a6fc06c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v1.8.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * Verification of signed tags were not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be used as a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those that match the given pattern.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" is treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii strings on the header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of it.
+
+ * "git archive" reports a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It would be more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. not overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segment in numeric order and non-numeric segment in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that are the common alternative
+   spellings of UTF-8.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters and issue errors in many cases.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit from sideways bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" had a typo in the logic to detect d/f conflicts,
+   which caused it to segfault in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..708df1ae19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git v1.8.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and an
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied to a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * When receive-pack detects error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hang
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm=algo" was understood by the command line
+   parser, but "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" was not.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special case merging of tags.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can take more than one commit
+   on the command line these days, but it was not mentioned on the usage
+   text.
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (not redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   Later open may return file descriptor #2 for unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into them.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * "git diff/log --cc" did not work well with options that ignore
+   whitespace changes.
+
+ * Documentation on setting up a http server that requires
+   authentication only on the push but not fetch has been clarified.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without
+   any message as its one of the prerequisites.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..613948251a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.8.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a
+   huge problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these
+   names in error output.
+
+ * When "git difftool" drove "kdiff3", it mistakenly passed --auto
+   option that was meant while resolving merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git remote add" command did not diagnose extra command line
+   arguments as an error and silently ignored them.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc606ae116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Git v1.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (this release)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+"git push $there tag v1.2.3" used to allow replacing a tag v1.2.3
+that already exists in the repository $there, if the rewritten tag
+you are pushing points at a commit that is a descendant of a commit
+that the old tag v1.2.3 points at.  This was found to be error prone
+and starting with this release, any attempt to update an existing
+ref under refs/tags/ hierarchy will fail, without "--force".
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, the
+scope of the operation has always been limited to the subdirectory.
+Many users found this counter-intuitive, given that "git commit -a"
+and other commands operate on the entire tree regardless of where you
+are.  In this release, these commands give a warning message that
+suggests the users to use "git add -u/-A ." when they want to limit
+the scope to the current directory; doing so will squelch the message,
+while training their fingers.
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  There is a user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set it to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early,
+you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A", that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, these
+commands will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. Because there will be no
+mechanism to make "git add -u" behave as if "git add -u .", it is
+important for those who are used to "git add -u" (without pathspec)
+updating the index only for paths in the current subdirectory to start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." when they mean
+it before Git 2.0 comes.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.1
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Initial ports to QNX and z/OS UNIX System Services have started.
+
+ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is
+   questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme.
+
+ * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to
+   be more uniform and consistent.  The name of the system and the
+   concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git".
+   All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small
+   caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/completion) used to let the
+   default completer to suggest pathnames, which gave too many
+   irrelevant choices (e.g. "git add" would not want to add an
+   unmodified path).  It learnt to use a more git-aware logic to
+   enumerate only relevant ones.
+
+ * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read
+   mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these
+   tools in server settings.
+
+ * Color specifiers, e.g. "%C(blue)Hello%C(reset)", used in the
+   "--format=" option of "git log" and friends can be disabled when
+   the output is not sent to a terminal by prefixing them with
+   "auto,", e.g. "%C(auto,blue)Hello%C(auto,reset)".
+
+ * Scripts can ask Git that wildcard patterns in pathspecs they give do
+   not have any significance, i.e. take them as literal strings.
+
+ * The patterns in .gitignore and .gitattributes files can have **/,
+   as a pattern that matches 0 or more levels of subdirectory.
+   E.g. "foo/**/bar" matches "bar" in "foo" itself or in a
+   subdirectory of "foo".
+
+ * When giving arguments without "--" disambiguation, object names
+   that come earlier on the command line must not be interpretable as
+   pathspecs and pathspecs that come later on the command line must
+   not be interpretable as object names.  This disambiguation rule has
+   been tweaked so that ":/" (no other string before or after) is
+   always interpreted as a pathspec; "git cmd -- :/" is no longer
+   needed, you can just say "git cmd :/".
+
+ * Various "hint" lines Git gives when it asks the user to edit
+   messages in the editor are commented out with '#' by default. The
+   core.commentchar configuration variable can be used to customize
+   this '#' to a different character.
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A" without pathspec issues warning to
+   make users aware that they are only operating on paths inside the
+   subdirectory they are in.  Use ":/" (everything from the top) or
+   "." (everything from the $cwd) to disambiguate.
+
+ * "git blame" (and "git diff") learned the "--no-follow" option.
+
+ * "git branch" now rejects some nonsense combinations of command line
+   arguments (e.g. giving more than one branch name to rename) with
+   more case-specific error messages.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" command to help debugging .gitignore files has
+   been added.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" can be used to replay a root commit to an unborn
+   branch.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to use --cleanup=whitespace by setting the
+   configuration variable commit.cleanup to 'whitespace'.
+
+ * "git diff" and other Porcelain commands can be told to use a
+   non-standard algorithm by setting diff.algorithm configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * "git format-patch" now detects more cases in which a whole branch
+   is being exported, and uses the description for the branch, when
+   asked to write a cover letter for the series.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "-v $count" option, and prepends a
+   string "v$count-" to the names of its output files, and also
+   automatically sets the subject prefix to "PATCH v$count". This
+   allows patches from rerolled series to be stored under different
+   names and makes it easier to reuse cover letter messages.
+
+ * "git log" and friends can be told with --use-mailmap option to
+   rewrite the names and email addresses of people using the mailmap
+   mechanism.
+
+ * "git log --cc --graph" now shows the combined diff output with the
+   ancestry graph.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pattern>" honors i18n.logoutputencoding to look
+   for the pattern after fixing the log message to the specified
+   encoding.
+
+ * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learned to list the available
+   tool backends in a more consistent manner.
+
+ * "git mergetool" is aware of TortoiseGitMerge now and uses it over
+   TortoiseMerge when available.
+
+ * "git push" now requires "-f" to update a tag, even if it is a
+   fast-forward, as tags are meant to be fixed points.
+
+ * Error messages from "git push" when it stops to prevent remote refs
+   from getting overwritten by mistake have been improved to explain
+   various situations separately.
+
+ * "git push" will stop without doing anything if the new "pre-push"
+   hook exists and exits with a failure.
+
+ * When "git rebase" fails to generate patches to be applied (e.g. due
+   to oom), it failed to detect the failure and instead behaved as if
+   there were nothing to do.  A workaround to use a temporary file has
+   been applied, but we probably would want to revisit this later, as
+   it hurts the common case of not failing at all.
+
+ * Input and preconditions to "git reset" has been loosened where
+   appropriate.  "git reset $fromtree Makefile" requires $fromtree to
+   be any tree (it used to require it to be a commit), for example.
+   "git reset" (without options or parameters) used to error out when
+   you do not have any commits in your history, but it now gives you
+   an empty index (to match non-existent commit you are not even on).
+
+ * "git status" says what branch is being bisected or rebased when
+   able, not just "bisecting" or "rebasing".
+
+ * "git submodule" started learning a new mode to integrate with the
+   tip of the remote branch (as opposed to integrating with the commit
+   recorded in the superproject's gitlink).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" which implements the service "ls-remote" and
+   "fetch" talk to can be told to hide ref hierarchies the server
+   side internally uses (and that clients have no business learning
+   about) with transfer.hiderefs configuration.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git fast-export" has been updated for its use in the context of
+   the remote helper interface.
+
+ * A new remote helper to interact with bzr has been added to contrib/.
+
+ * "git p4" got various bugfixes around its branch handling.  It is
+   also made usable with Python 2.4/2.5.  In addition, its various
+   portability issues for Cygwin have been addressed.
+
+ * The remote helper to interact with Hg in contrib/ has seen a few
+   fixes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git fsck" has been taught to be pickier about entries in tree
+   objects that should not be there, e.g. ".", ".git", and "..".
+
+ * Matching paths with common forms of pathspecs that contain wildcard
+   characters has been optimized further.
+
+ * We stopped paying attention to $GIT_CONFIG environment that points
+   at a single configuration file from any command other than "git config"
+   quite a while ago, but "git clone" internally set, exported, and
+   then unexported the variable during its operation unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git reset" internals has been reworked and should be faster in
+   general. We tried to be careful not to break any behaviour but
+   there could be corner cases, especially when running the command
+   from a conflicted state, that we may have missed.
+
+ * The implementation of "imap-send" has been updated to reuse xml
+   quoting code from http-push codepath, and lost a lot of unused
+   code.
+
+ * There is a simple-minded checker for the test scripts in t/
+   directory to catch most common mistakes (it is not enabled by
+   default).
+
+ * You can build with USE_WILDMATCH=YesPlease to use a replacement
+   implementation of pattern matching logic used for pathname-like
+   things, e.g. refnames and paths in the repository.  This new
+   implementation is not expected change the existing behaviour of Git
+   in this release, except for "git for-each-ref" where you can now
+   say "refs/**/master" and match with both refs/heads/master and
+   refs/remotes/origin/master.  We plan to use this new implementation
+   in wider places (e.g. "git ls-files '**/Makefile' may find Makefile
+   at the top-level, and "git log '**/t*.sh'" may find commits that
+   touch a shell script whose name begins with "t" at any level) in
+   future versions of Git, but we are not there yet.  By building with
+   USE_WILDMATCH, using the resulting Git daily and reporting when you
+   find breakages, you can help us get closer to that goal.
+
+ * Some reimplementations of Git do not write all the stat info back
+   to the index due to their implementation limitations (e.g. jgit).
+   A configuration option can tell Git to ignore changes to most of
+   the stat fields and only pay attention to mtime and size, which
+   these implementations can reliably update.  This can be used to
+   avoid excessive revalidation of contents.
+
+ * Some platforms ship with old version of expat where xmlparse.h
+   needs to be included instead of expat.h; the build procedure has
+   been taught about this.
+
+ * "make clean" on platforms that cannot compute header dependencies
+   on the fly did not work with implementations of "rm" that do not
+   like an empty argument list.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+   (merge 0398fc34 pf/editor-ignore-sigint later to maint).
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The initial implementation of this that
+   was merged to 'maint' and 1.8.1.2 was with a severe performance
+   degradations and needs to merge a fix-up topic.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * "git archive" did not parse configuration values in tar.* namespace
+   correctly.
+   (merge b3873c3 jk/config-parsing-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes end up
+   finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth" was broken in at least three ways.  The
+   resulting history was deeper than specified by one commit, it was
+   unclear how to wipe the shallowness of the repository with the
+   command, and documentation was misleading.
+   (merge cfb70e1 nd/fetch-depth-is-broken later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --all -p" that walked refs/notes/textconv/ ref can later
+   try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * The --graph code fell into infinite loop when asked to do what the
+   code did not expect.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a nasty race.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit" computed who were involved in the work done
+   on the side branch, even though that information is to be discarded
+   without getting seen in the editor.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+ * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+ * Output from "git status --ignored" showed an unexpected interaction
+   with "--untracked".
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb"'s code to sanitize control characters before passing it to
+   "highlight" filter lost known-to-be-safe control characters by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * "git push" was taught to refuse updating the branch that is
+   currently checked out long time ago, but the user manual was left
+   stale.
+   (merge 50995ed wk/man-deny-current-branch-is-default-these-days later to maint).
+
+ * Some shells do not behave correctly when IFS is unset; work it
+   around by explicitly setting it to the default value.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+   (cherry-pick 96a4647fca54031974cd6ad1 later to maint).
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * The autoconf subsystem passed --mandir down to generated
+   config.mak.autogen but forgot to do the same for --htmldir.
+   (merge 55d9bf0 ct/autoconf-htmldir later to maint).
+
+ * A change made on v1.8.1.x maintenance track had a nasty regression
+   to break the build when autoconf is used.
+   (merge 7f1b697 jn/less-reconfigure later to maint).
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * t0050 had tests expecting failures from a bug that was fixed some
+   time ago.
+
+ * t4014, t9502 and t0200 tests had various portability issues that
+   broke on OpenBSD.
+
+ * t9020 and t3600 tests had various portability issues.
+
+ * t9200 runs "cvs init" on a directory that already exists, but a
+   platform can configure this fail for the current user (e.g. you
+   need to be in the cvsadmin group on NetBSD 6.0).
+
+ * t9020 and t9810 had a few non-portable shell script construct.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES could be a "logical" pathname
+   that uses a symbolic link to point at somewhere else (e.g. /home/me
+   that points at /net/host/export/home/me, and the latter directory
+   is automounted). Earlier when Git saw such a pathname e.g. /home/me
+   on this environment variable, the "ceiling" mechanism did not take
+   effect. With this release (the fix has also been merged to the
+   v1.8.1.x maintenance series), elements on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+   are by default checked for such aliasing coming from symbolic
+   links. As this needs to actually resolve symbolic links for each
+   element on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES, you can disable this
+   mechanism for some elements by listing them after an empty element
+   on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES. e.g. Setting /home/me::/home/him to
+   GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES makes Git resolve symbolic links in
+   /home/me when checking if the current directory is under /home/me,
+   but does not do so for /home/him.
+   (merge 7ec30aa mh/maint-ceil-absolute later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc3ea185a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. The check has been loosened.
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26ae142c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or
+   transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off
+   points of the shallow history to the process that validates the
+   objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ba4f4da0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs
+   other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in v1.7.11.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch",
+   e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said
+   "branch ''" in the error messages.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+Also contains various minor documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56f106e262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test
+updates from the master front back to the maintenance track.
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with
+   only skipped ones.
+
+ * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time.
+
+ * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4.
+
+ * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working
+   tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a
+   content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to
+   locate and fix such problems without failing.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ead568e7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+Git v1.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes only the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, and only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  Use the user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching"
+to keep the traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future
+early, you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.2
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interface
+
+ * remote-hg and remote-bzr helpers (in contrib/ since v1.8.2) have
+   been updated; especially, the latter has been done in an
+   accelerated schedule (read: we may not have merged to this release
+   if we were following the usual "cook sufficiently in next before
+   unleashing it to the world" workflow) in order to help Emacs folks,
+   whose primary SCM seems to be stagnating.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of updates applied to gitk, including an addition of
+   "revert" action, showing dates in tags in a nicer way, making
+   colors configurable, and support for -G'pickaxe' search.
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) learned to
+   show how many changes there are in total and how many have been
+   replayed during a "git rebase" session.
+
+ * "git branch --vv" learned to paint the name of the branch it
+   integrates with in a different color (color.branch.upstream,
+   which defaults to blue).
+
+ * In a sparsely populated working tree, "git checkout <pathspec>" no
+   longer unmarks paths that match the given pathspec that were
+   originally ignored with "--sparse" (use --ignore-skip-worktree-bits
+   option to resurrect these paths out of the index if you really want
+   to).
+
+ * "git log --format" specifier learned %C(auto) token that tells Git
+   to use color when interpolating %d (decoration), %h (short commit
+   object name), etc. for terminal output.
+
+ * "git bisect" leaves the final outcome as a comment in its bisect
+   log file.
+
+ * "git clone --reference" can now refer to a gitfile "textual symlink"
+   that points at the real location of the repository.
+
+ * "git count-objects" learned "--human-readable" aka "-H" option to
+   show various large numbers in Ki/Mi/GiB scaled as necessary.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $blob" and "git cherry-pick $tree" are nonsense,
+   and a more readable error message e.g. "can't cherry-pick a tree"
+   is given (we used to say "expected exactly one commit").
+
+ * The "--annotate" option to "git send-email" can be turned on (or
+   off) by default with sendemail.annotate configuration variable (you
+   can use --no-annotate from the command line to override it).
+
+ * The "--cover-letter" option to "git format-patch" can be turned on
+   (or off) by default with format.coverLetter configuration
+   variable. By setting it to 'auto', you can turn it on only for a
+   series with two or more patches.
+
+ * The bash completion support (in contrib/) learned that cherry-pick
+   takes a few more options than it already knew about.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-g" option to show the list of guides just like
+   list of commands are given with "-a".
+
+ * A triangular "pull from one place, push to another place" workflow
+   is supported better by new remote.pushdefault (overrides the
+   "origin" thing) and branch.*.pushremote (overrides the
+   branch.*.remote) configuration variables.
+
+ * "git status" learned to report that you are in the middle of a
+   revert session, just like it does for a cherry-pick and a bisect
+   session.
+
+ * The handling by "git branch --set-upstream-to" against various forms
+   of erroneous inputs was suboptimal and has been improved.
+
+ * When the interactive access to git-shell is not enabled, it issues
+   a message meant to help the system administrator to enable it.  An
+   explicit way has been added to issue custom messages to refuse an
+   access over the network to help the end users who connect to the
+   service expecting an interactive shell.
+
+ * In addition to the case where the user edits the log message with
+   the "e)dit" option of "am -i", replace the "Applying: this patch"
+   message with the final log message contents after applymsg hook
+   munges it.
+
+ * "git status" suggests users to look into using --untracked=no option
+   when it takes too long.
+
+ * "git status" shows a bit more information during a rebase/bisect
+   session.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned to fetch a commit at the tip of an unadvertised
+   ref by specifying a raw object name from the command line when the
+   server side supports this feature.
+
+ * Output from "git log --graph" works better with submodule log
+   output now.
+
+ * "git count-objects -v" learned to report leftover temporary
+   packfiles and other garbage in the object store.
+
+ * A new read-only credential helper (in contrib/) to interact with
+   the .netrc/.authinfo files has been added.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be used with the credential helper system.
+
+ * There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
+   this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
+   "submodule init".  "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned to pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * The new "--follow-tags" option tells "git push" to push relevant
+   annotated tags when pushing branches out.
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" can optionally be told to inspect and
+   reject when merging a commit that does not carry a trusted GPG
+   signature.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now feeds files to the "p4merge" backend in the
+   order that matches the p4 convention, where "theirs" is usually
+   shown on the left side, which is the opposite from what other backends
+   expect.
+
+ * "show/log" now honors gpg.program configuration just like other
+   parts of the code that use GnuPG.
+
+ * "git log" that shows the difference between the parent and the
+   child has been optimized somewhat.
+
+ * "git difftool" allows the user to write into the temporary files
+   being shown; if the user makes changes to the working tree at the
+   same time, it now refrains from overwriting the copy in the working
+   tree and leaves the temporary file so that changes can be merged
+   manually.
+
+ * There was no good way to ask "I have a random string that came from
+   outside world. I want to turn it into a 40-hex object name while
+   making sure such an object exists".  A new peeling suffix ^{object}
+   can be used for that purpose, together with "rev-parse --verify".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Updates for building under msvc.
+
+ * A handful of issues in the code that traverses the working tree to find
+   untracked and/or ignored files have been fixed, and the general
+   codepath involved in "status -u" and "clean" have been cleaned up
+   and optimized.
+
+ * The stack footprint of some codepaths that access an object from a
+   pack has been shrunk.
+
+ * The logic to coalesce the same lines removed from the parents in
+   the output from "diff -c/--cc" has been updated, but with O(n^2)
+   complexity, so this might turn out to be undesirable.
+
+ * The code to enforce permission bits on files in $GIT_DIR/ for
+   shared repositories has been simplified.
+
+ * A few codepaths know how much data they need to put in the
+   hashtables they use when they start, but still began with small tables
+   and repeatedly grew and rehashed them.
+
+ * The API to walk reflog entries from the latest to older, which was
+   necessary for operations such as "git checkout -", was cumbersome
+   to use correctly and also inefficient.
+
+ * Codepaths that inspect log-message-to-be and decide when to add a
+   new Signed-off-by line in various commands have been consolidated.
+
+ * The pkt-line API, implementation and its callers have been cleaned
+   up to make them more robust.
+
+ * The Cygwin port has a faster-but-lying lstat(2) emulation whose
+   incorrectness does not matter in practice except for a few
+   codepaths, and setting permission bits on directories is a codepath
+   that needs to use a more correct one.
+
+ * "git checkout" had repeated pathspec matches on the same paths,
+   which have been consolidated.  Also a bug in "git checkout dir/"
+   that is started from an unmerged index has been fixed.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Recent versions of File::Temp (used by "git svn") started blowing
+   up when its tempfile sub is called as a class method; updated the
+   callsite to call it as a plain vanilla function to fix it.
+   (merge eafc2dd hb/git-pm-tempfile later to maint).
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git remote" simply ignored extraneous
+   command line arguments instead of diagnosing them as errors.
+
+ * When receive-pack detects an error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hung
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that the '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and a
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * When "upload-pack" fails while generating a pack in response to
+   "git fetch" (or "git clone"), the receiving side had
+   a programming error that triggered the die handler
+   recursively.
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a huge
+   problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these names in
+   error output.
+
+ * Smart-capable HTTP servers were not restricted via the
+   GIT_NAMESPACE mechanism when talking with commit-walking clients,
+   like they are when talking with smart HTTP clients.
+   (merge 6130f86 jk/http-dumb-namespaces later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" did not omit a merge result that is identical to
+   the "our" side in certain cases.
+   (merge aacecc3 jk/merge-tree-added-identically later to maint).
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (instead of redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   A later open may return file descriptor #2 for an unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into it.
+
+ * "git show-branch" was not prepared to show a very long run of
+   ancestor operators e.g. foobar^2~2^2^2^2...^2~4 correctly.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" is also understood as "git diff
+   --diff-algorithm=algo".
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied in a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git bundle" erroneously bailed out when parsing a valid bundle
+   containing a prerequisite commit without a commit message.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor the --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * When used with the "-d temporary-directory" option, "git filter-branch"
+   failed to come back to the original working tree to perform the
+   final clean-up procedure.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special-case tag merging.
+
+ * Fix a 1.8.1.x regression that stopped matching "dir" (without a
+   trailing slash) to a directory "dir".
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) did not notice
+   when we are in a middle of a "git revert" session.
+
+ * "submodule summary --summary-limit" option did not support the
+   "--option=value" form.
+
+ * "index-pack --fix-thin" used an uninitialized value to compute
+   the delta depths of objects it appends to the resulting pack.
+
+ * "index-pack --verify-stat" used a few counters outside the protection
+   of a mutex, possibly showing incorrect numbers.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems could get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and would loop forever.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside the refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to ls-remote and fetch with recent versions of Git.
+
+ * Recent optimizations broke shallow clones.
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. neither overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git p4" did not behave well when the path to the root of the P4
+   client was not its real path.
+   (merge bbd8486 pw/p4-symlinked-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" reported a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It is more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii string in header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of the string.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" was treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", the REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those refs that match the given pattern.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to the pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit sideways, bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect to SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters.  It now issues errors in many cases.
+
+ * Verification of signed tags was not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that is a common alternative
+   spelling of UTF-8.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded an incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort the messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segments in numeric order and non-numeric segments in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3aa25a2743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Git v1.8.4.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+ * Some old versions of bash do not grok some constructs like
+   'printf -v varname' which the prompt and completion code started
+   to use recently.  The completion and prompt scripts have been
+   adjusted to work better with these old versions of bash.
+
+ * In FreeBSD's and NetBSD's "sh", a return in a dot script in a
+   function returns from the function, not only in the dot script,
+   breaking "git rebase" on these platforms (regression introduced
+   in 1.8.4-rc1).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a
+   random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it
+   to come out literally.
+
+ * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty
+   "true" caused the configuration parser to segfault.
+
+ * Output from "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" looked strange
+   because comparison was done with the previous ancestor that
+   touched the specified <pathspec>, causing the patches for paths
+   outside the pathspec to show more than the single commit has
+   changed.
+
+ * The auto-tag-following code in "git fetch" tries to reuse the
+   same transport twice when the serving end does not cooperate and
+   does not give tags that point to commits that are asked for as
+   part of the primary transfer.  Unfortunately, Git-aware transport
+   helper interface is not designed to be used more than once, hence
+   this did not work over smart-http transfer.  Fixed.
+
+ * Send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a smaller but still
+   reasonably large chunks, which would improve the latency when the
+   operation needs to be killed and incidentally works around broken
+   64-bit systems that cannot take a 2GB write or read in one go.
+
+ * A ".mailmap" file that ends with an incomplete line, when read
+   from a blob, was not handled properly.
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow
+   tags.
+
+ * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error
+   string from a wrong place.
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop to cope with short
+   read in the codepath to stream large blobs to a pack.
+
+ * On platforms with fgetc() and friends defined as macros, the
+   configuration parser did not compile.
+
+ * New versions of MediaWiki introduced a new API for returning
+   more than 500 results in response to a query, which would cause
+   the MediaWiki remote helper to go into an infinite loop.
+
+ * Subversion's serf access method (the only one available in
+   Subversion 1.8) for http and https URLs in skelta mode tells its
+   caller to open multiple files at a time, which made "git svn
+   fetch" complain that "Temp file with moniker 'svn_delta' already
+   in use" instead of fetching.
+
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f681b710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+Git v1.8.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.3
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.
+
+ * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version.
+
+ * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the
+   credential helper interface from Git.pm.
+
+ * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
+   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it
+   ahead.
+
+ * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
+   been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also
+   imap(s) and smtp.
+
+ * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and
+   maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better.
+
+ * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to
+   update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side
+   does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do
+   --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now.
+
+ * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate,
+   when https:// connection failed.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the
+   contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a
+   MediaWiki remote.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement
+   "multimail" (in contrib/).
+
+ * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame"
+   to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes.
+
+ * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode.
+
+ * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
+   list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
+   (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  The meaning
+   of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of
+   what filtering will be applied to any other ref.
+
+   This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to
+   people's existing scripts.
+
+ * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been.  It
+   now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch".
+
+ * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames
+   and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many
+   built-in commands do.
+
+ * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its
+   tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0",
+   for example.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow
+   on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot
+   smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be
+   reported.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages
+   for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative.
+
+ * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
+   "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to
+   update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule
+   repositories shallowly.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the
+   "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the
+   command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author
+   information to an in-body From: header as necessary.
+
+ * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to
+   choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create
+   a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not
+   create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but
+   the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of
+   "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration"
+   correctly.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the
+   levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs,
+   so that it can be used as part of a larger installation.
+
+ * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to
+   behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking
+   information, when you push to a remote that is different from where
+   you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow).
+
+ * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
+   did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the
+   output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories
+   are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp.
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere
+   other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but
+   they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists
+   only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as
+   "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff.
+
+ * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report
+   multiple paths that cannot be removed.
+
+ * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits
+   to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins.
+
+ * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first
+   thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to
+   Git.  Now the variable defaults to "auto".
+
+ * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start
+   a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others).
+
+ * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
+   variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
+   with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).
+
+ * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string,
+   directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref
+   "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists.  This disambiguation order
+   is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just
+   like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same
+   name.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local
+   changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal
+   response was to stash them and re-run).  This introduced a corner
+   case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed.
+
+ * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work
+   more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes.
+
+ * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest
+   tagged commit search to the first-parent chain.
+
+ * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is
+   diagnosed with a more informative error message.
+
+ * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added.  This may
+   still have leaks and rough edges, though.
+
+ * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
+   of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
+   --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
+   "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing
+   function for expiry dates.
+
+ * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers.
+
+ * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email"
+   have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to
+   help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it
+   around for too long.  The message has finally been removed.
+
+ * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch"
+   did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early
+   design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches
+   predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more
+   convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a
+   chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which
+   already breaks the original "predictability" anyway.
+
+ * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the
+   documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead.
+   For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the
+   latter will be removed in the longer term.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is
+   allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of
+   the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite
+   us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show
+   breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native
+   lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now.
+
+ * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in
+   use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
+   (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).
+
+ * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob
+   objects is in.  This may help working in a bare repository and
+   submodule updates.
+
+ * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2)
+   algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
+   used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
+   still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
+   years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
+   unreachable.  The dead code has been removed.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have
+   been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which
+   has been tightened up.
+
+ * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after
+   deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read
+   it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause
+   us to barf.  The codepath has been updated to retry when such a
+   race is detected, instead of outright failing.
+
+ * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code,
+   matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few)
+   have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would
+   match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc.
+
+ * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to
+   its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so
+   make a copy if you want to keep it").
+
+ * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant
+   parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated.
+
+ * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other
+   codepaths) have been plugged.
+
+ * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not
+   have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object
+   name.  Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object
+   representation to have parsed wen reading from them.  These
+   codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access
+   patterns.
+
+ * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become
+   crowded, has been optimized.
+
+ * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
+   inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
+   to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.
+
+ * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure
+   that the history behind refs are complete.
+
+ * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been
+   squelched.
+
+ * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated,
+   correcting corner case bugs.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
+   the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
+   verification, so by default enable the verification with a
+   mechanism to turn it off if needed.
+   (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint).
+
+ * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file
+   descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2,
+   and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way.
+   (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses
+   in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single
+   character name.
+   (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint).
+
+ * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file
+   descriptor) correctly.
+   (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message
+   did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters.
+   (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint).
+
+ * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes
+   Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port.
+   This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given.
+   (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
+   set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
+   working tree files.
+   (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint).
+
+ * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
+   to be corrected.
+   (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the
+   temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles.
+   (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
+   counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
+   the user to an unexpected place.
+   (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented.
+   (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit
+   inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like
+   --refs=refs/tags/v*).
+   (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by
+   programs other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in
+   v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index, and this avoids it.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different
+   contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit,
+   apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index
+   entries, which has been plugged.
+   (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we
+   did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''".
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for
+   testing.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+ * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote
+   over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style.  This case is now
+   detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz".
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. Loosen the check.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49c037b601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+Git v1.8.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.4
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * "git-svn" used with SVN 1.8.0 when talking over https:// connection
+   dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses.  Work
+   it around on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed.
+
+ * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed
+   unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it.
+   Now we do.
+
+ * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg
+   repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there".
+
+ * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of
+   OpenSSL one.
+
+ * Subversion 1.8.0 that was recently released breaks older subversion
+   clients coming over http/https in various ways.
+
+ * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of
+   the tree.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now,
+   e.g. "git log @".
+
+ * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git
+   status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect
+   on paths that are already tracked.  With "--no-index" option, it
+   can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored
+   have been mistakenly added to the index.
+
+ * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status"
+   output have been removed from the commit log template.
+
+ * "update-refs" learnt a "--stdin" option to read multiple update
+   requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion.
+
+ * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git
+   to go there before doing anything else.
+
+ * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out and "git merge -"
+   knows to merge the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick"
+   now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous
+   branch.
+
+ * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a
+   commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption.
+   Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use
+   "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier
+   to parse.
+
+ * Make "foo^{tag}" to peel a tag to itself, i.e. no-op., and fail if
+   "foo" is not a tag.  "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" would be
+   a more convenient way to say "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag".
+
+ * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a
+   branch that does not build on any other branch, a branch that is in
+   sync with the branch it builds on, and a branch that is configured
+   to build on some other branch that no longer exists.
+
+ * A packfile that stores the same object more than once is broken and
+   will be rejected by "git index-pack" that is run when receiving
+   data over the wire.
+
+ * Earlier we started rejecting an attempt to add 0{40} object name to
+   the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to
+   allow so to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such
+   broken tree objects.  "filter-branch" can again be used to to do
+   so.
+
+ * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger
+   than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed
+   integers on all platforms.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening
+   rebase.  You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" by
+   setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve".
+
+ * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer"
+   optimization.
+
+ * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" that matches both
+   Makefile and makefile can be used in more places.
+
+ * The "http.*" variables can now be specified per URL that the
+   configuration applies.  For example,
+
+   [http]
+       sslVerify = true
+   [http "https://weak.example.com/"]
+       sslVerify = false
+
+   would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specified
+   site.
+
+ * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule A has been taught to
+   relocate its working tree and to adjust the paths in the
+   .gitmodules file.
+
+ * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the
+   origin of multiple blocks of the lines.
+
+ * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies
+   with http.savecookies configuration variable.
+
+ * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt
+   "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the
+   "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take
+   lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show
+   everything but these classes".  "git diff-files -q" is now a
+   deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d".
+
+ * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check
+   "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and
+   to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given.
+
+ * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input
+   (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the
+   option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and
+   output side the same way.
+
+ * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of
+   it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time
+   wonderig what the difference is between it and "git log".  Make it
+   less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain
+   that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in
+   its own document.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we
+   should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we
+   apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat.
+
+ * Many commands use --dashed-option as a operation mode selector
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete") that the user can use at most one
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is a nonsense) and you cannot
+   negate (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is a nonsense).  parse-options
+   API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement
+   such a set of options.
+
+ * OPT_BOOLEAN() in parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting
+   up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update
+   them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean.
+
+ * "git gc" exits early without doing a double-work when it detects
+   that another instance of itself is already running.
+
+ * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to
+   close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandle to
+   an open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately
+   to better cope with the load.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+   (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 to trigger a
+   bug in some BSD shell implementations.
+   (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from.
+   (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint).
+
+ * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+   (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint).
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+   (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint).
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+   (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string
+   from a wrong place.
+   (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+   (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint).
+
+ * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+   (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint).
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+   (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+   (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+   (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint).
+
+ * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the
+   beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+   (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary.
+   (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint).
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop around to cope with short
+   read in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack.
+   (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+   (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the
+   mailmap file ended with an incomplete line.
+   (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single
+   system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when
+   the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on
+   broken 64-bit systems that refuse to take more than 2GB read or
+   write in one go.
+   (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the
+   connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::"
+   helper shipped with Git).
+   (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths
+   outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing
+   the change relative to the parent of the commit.  "git reflog -p"
+   had a similar problem.
+   (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint).
+
+ * Setting submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without
+   giving "= value") caused Git to segfault.
+   (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty
+   generic) fed a random, data dependeant string to 'echo' and
+   expects it to come out literally, corrupting its error message.
+   (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint).
+
+ * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot
+   grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' the prompt and
+   completion code started to use recently.
+   (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on
+   platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros.
+   (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3).
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags.
+   (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3).
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 75935d500d..705557689d 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,73 +1,5 @@
-Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
-
-	Commits:
-
-	- make commits of logical units
-	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
-	  before committing
-	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
-	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
-	  description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION
-	  in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop
-	- it is also conventional in most cases to prefix the
-	  first line with "area: " where the area is a filename
-	  or identifier for the general area of the code being
-	  modified, e.g.
-	  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
-	  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
-	  (if in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges"
-	  on the files you are modifying to see the current conventions)
-	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
-	  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what
-	    is wrong with the current code without the change.
-	  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why
-	    the result with the change is better.
-	  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
-	- describe changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
-	  instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed
-	  xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase
-	  to change its behaviour.
-	- try to make sure your explanation can be understood without
-	  external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
-	  archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
-	- add a "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
-	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when committing)
-	  to confirm that you agree to the Developer's Certificate of Origin
-	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
-	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
-
-	Patch:
-
-	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
-	- do not PGP sign your patch
-	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
-	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
-	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
-	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
-	  corrupt whitespaces.
-	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
-	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
-	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
-	  make some other user interface change, the associated
-	  documentation should be updated as well.
-	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
-	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
-	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
-	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
-	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
-	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
-	- see below for instructions specific to your mailer
-
-Long version:
-
-I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
-kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
-it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
-doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
-
-But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
-here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
-thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
+to this software.
 
 (0) Decide what to base your work on.
 
@@ -94,6 +26,10 @@ change is relevant to.
    wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
    rebase your work.
 
+ - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+   repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below).  Changes to
+   these parts should be based on their trees.
+
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
 master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
@@ -121,36 +57,94 @@ change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this
 differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things
 to have.
 
-Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
+Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing.
+
+When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
+the feature triggers the new behaviour when it should, and to show the
+feature does not trigger when it shouldn't.  Also make sure that the
+test suite passes after your commit.  Do not forget to update the
+documentation to describe the updated behaviour.
+
+Speaking of the documentation, it is currently a liberal mixture of US
+and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat
+unfortunate.  A huge patch that touches the files all over the place
+only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though.  Potential
+clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not
+worth it.  We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in
+favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a
+side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g.
+rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to
+en_US).  Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh ->
+"the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from
+other documentation changes.
+
+Oh, another thing.  We are picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
 in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
 run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
-(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
+(2) Describe your changes well.
+
+The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
+should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
+prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
+identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
+
+  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
+  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
+
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+
+The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
+
+  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong
+    with the current code without the change.
+
+  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the
+    result with the change is better.
 
-git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
+  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
+
+Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
+instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
+to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
+its behaviour.  Try to make sure your explanation can be understood
+without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
+archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
+
+
+(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
+
+Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
 
 You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
 "git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
 receiving end can handle them just fine.
 
-Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
-which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
+or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
+is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
 your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
 sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
 branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
 that is fine, but please mark it as such.
 
 
-(3) Sending your patches.
+(4) Sending your patches.
 
-People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and
 comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
 a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
 e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
 your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
-"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+"inline".  If your log message (including your name on the
+Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+
+WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
 corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
 lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
 
@@ -203,23 +197,29 @@ patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message
 that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
 not a text/plain, it's something else.
 
-Unless your patch is a very trivial and an obviously correct one,
-first send it with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
+Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
 people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
 "git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
-identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.  After the list
-reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send
-it with "To:" set to the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
-inclusion.  Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:",
-"Reviewed-by:" and "Tested-by:" after your "Signed-off-by:" line as
-necessary.
+identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+
+After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
+list [*2*] for inclusion.
 
+Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
+"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+patch.
 
-(4) Sign your work
+    [Addresses]
+     *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
+     *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
+
+
+(5) Sign your work
 
 To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
 "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
-that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+that are being emailed around.  Although core Git is a lot
 smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
 
 The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ then you just add a line saying
 
 	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
 
-This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
 command with the -s option.
 
 Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
@@ -286,6 +286,26 @@ You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage
 such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 
 ------------------------------------------------
+Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+
+Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+repositories.
+
+ - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+
+        git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+ - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+
+        git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+
+ - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+
+	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
+
+------------------------------------------------
 An ideal patch flow
 
 Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
@@ -330,7 +350,7 @@ Know the status of your patch after submission
   tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
-* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
   entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
   the status of various proposed changes.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index 1273a85c8a..2c16c536ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
 #
-# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# Show Git link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
 # the command.
 
 [macros]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index d4a51da464..0cebc4f692 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -10,27 +10,14 @@
 	Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
 
 -L <start>,<end>::
-	Annotate only the given line range.  <start> and <end> can take
-	one of these forms:
-
-	- number
-+
-If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
-absolute line number (lines count from 1).
-+
-
-- /regex/
-+
-This form will use the first line matching the given
-POSIX regex.  If <end> is a regex, it will search
-starting at the line given by <start>.
-+
-
-- +offset or -offset
+-L :<regex>::
+	Annotate only the given line range. May be specified multiple times.
+	Overlapping ranges are allowed.
 +
-This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
-of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+<start> and <end> are optional. ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from
+<start> to end of file. ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>.
 +
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
 
 -l::
 	Show long rev (Default: off).
@@ -95,7 +82,7 @@ of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
 	running extra passes of inspection.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. The default value is 20.
 
@@ -110,7 +97,7 @@ commit. The default value is 20.
 	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one
 `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
index 828ec62554..87437f8a95 100755
--- a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ while (<STDIN>) {
 		push @menu, $1;
 	}
 	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	s/\@anchor\{[^{}]*\}//g;
 	print TMP;
 }
 close TMP;
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index bf8f911e1f..aaae06fc5a 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
 
-The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
 
-The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
 the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
 dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
@@ -140,10 +140,12 @@ advice.*::
 	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
 +
 --
-	pushNonFastForward::
+	pushUpdateRejected::
 		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
-		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault', and
-		'pushNonFFMatching' simultaneously.
+		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
 	pushNonFFCurrent::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
 		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
@@ -158,17 +160,33 @@ advice.*::
 		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
 		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
 		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
 	statusHints::
 		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
 		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
 		the template shown when writing commit messages in
 		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
 		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
 		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 	resolveConflict::
-		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
 		prevent the operation from being performed.
 	implicitIdentity::
 		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
@@ -181,6 +199,9 @@ advice.*::
 	amWorkDir::
 		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
 		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
+	rmHints::
+		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
+		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
 --
 
 core.fileMode::
@@ -192,22 +213,11 @@ The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
 will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
 repository is created.
 
-core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
-	This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false,
-	the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful
-	if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in
-	one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API
-	whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to
-	handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than
-	normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode
-	is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
-	POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
-
 core.ignorecase::
 	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
-	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
 	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
-	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	"makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
 	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
 	"Makefile".
 +
@@ -216,13 +226,13 @@ will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
 is created.
 
 core.precomposeunicode::
-	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git.
-	When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeunicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
 	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
 	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
-	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7).
-	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git,
-	which is backward compatible with older versions of git.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
 
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
@@ -231,6 +241,12 @@ core.trustctime::
 	crawlers and some backup systems).
 	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
 
+core.checkstat::
+	Determines which stat fields to match between the index
+	and work tree. The user can set this to 'default' or
+	'minimal'. Default (or explicitly 'default'), is to check
+	all fields, including the sub-second part of mtime and ctime.
+
 core.quotepath::
 	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
 	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
@@ -252,20 +268,20 @@ core.eol::
 	conversion.
 
 core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
 	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
 	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
 	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
 	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
 	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
 	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
 +
 CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
 CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
 files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
 such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
 But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
@@ -275,7 +291,7 @@ If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
 setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
 after committing you still have the original file in your work
 tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
 appropriately.
 +
 Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
@@ -320,7 +336,7 @@ is created.
 core.gitProxy::
 	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
 	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
 	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
 	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
 	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
@@ -379,7 +395,7 @@ Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
 file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
 from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
 core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
 still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
 confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
 read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
@@ -388,7 +404,7 @@ repository's usual working tree).
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
 	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
-	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
 	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
 	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
 	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
@@ -411,7 +427,7 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
 	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
 	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
 	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
 	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
 	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
@@ -422,8 +438,8 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
 
 core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
 
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
@@ -494,7 +510,7 @@ Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
 
 core.excludesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
+	'.git/info/exclude', Git looks into this file for patterns
 	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "`~/`" is expanded
 	to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's
 	home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore.
@@ -512,7 +528,7 @@ core.askpass::
 
 core.attributesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
 	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
 	way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is
 	$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not
@@ -524,29 +540,33 @@ core.editor::
 	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
 	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
 
+core.commentchar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
+
 sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase insn file.
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
 	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
 	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
 	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
 
 core.pager::
-	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
-	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
-	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
-	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
-	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
-	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
-	these settings can be overridden on a project or
-	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no effect on the `LESS`
-	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
-	to override git's default settings this way, you need
-	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
-	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+S`.  This will be passed to the shell by
-	git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+S`.
+	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+	compile time (usually 'less').
++
+When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRSX`
+(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
+all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
+for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -+S`.  This will
+be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
+command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. The environment tells the command
+to set the `S` option to chop long lines but the command line
+resets it to the default to fold long lines.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
@@ -574,7 +594,7 @@ core.whitespace::
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
 * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
 core.fsyncobjectfiles::
@@ -590,7 +610,7 @@ core.preloadindex::
 +
 This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
 on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', Git will do the
 index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
 overlapping IO's.
 
@@ -626,9 +646,9 @@ add.ignore-errors::
 add.ignoreErrors::
 	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
 	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of git accept only
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of Git accept only
 	`add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming
-	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of git
+	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of Git
 	honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well.
 
 alias.*::
@@ -636,7 +656,7 @@ alias.*::
 	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
 	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
 	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
@@ -683,7 +703,7 @@ branch.autosetupmerge::
 
 branch.autosetuprebase::
 	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
 	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
 	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
@@ -697,9 +717,22 @@ branch.autosetuprebase::
 	This option defaults to never.
 
 branch.<name>.remote::
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
-	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
-	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushdefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushremote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushdefault` for pushing.
+
+branch.<name>.pushremote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushdefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushdefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
 
 branch.<name>.merge::
 	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
@@ -731,10 +764,20 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
 
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
+
 browser.<tool>.cmd::
 	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
 	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
@@ -746,8 +789,8 @@ browser.<tool>.path::
 	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
 
 clean.requireForce::
-	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f
-	or -n.   Defaults to true.
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
+	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
 
 color.branch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
@@ -758,7 +801,8 @@ color.branch::
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
 	refs).
 +
 The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
@@ -826,16 +870,17 @@ The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
 
 color.interactive::
 	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
-	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive").
-	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
-	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
+	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
+	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
+	to the terminal. Defaults to false.
 
 color.interactive.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
-	output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
-	four distinct types of normal output from interactive
-	commands.  The values of these variables may be specified as
-	in color.branch.<slot>.
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
+	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
+	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
+	interactive commands.  The values of these variables may be
+	specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
 
 color.pager::
 	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
@@ -858,7 +903,7 @@ color.status.<slot>::
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
 	`branch` (the current branch), or
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
 	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
@@ -869,17 +914,21 @@ color.ui::
 	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
 	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
 	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
-	to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine
-	consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such
-	output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or
-	`never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled
-	explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option.
+	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
+	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
+	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
+	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
+	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
+	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
 
 column.ui::
 	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
 	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
 	or commas:
 +
+These options control when the feature should be enabled
+(defaults to 'never'):
++
 --
 `always`;;
 	always show in columns
@@ -887,24 +936,39 @@ column.ui::
 	never show in columns
 `auto`;;
 	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
+--
++
+These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
+of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
+specified.
++
+--
 `column`;;
-	fill columns before rows (default)
+	fill columns before rows
 `row`;;
 	fill rows before columns
 `plain`;;
 	show in one column
+--
++
+Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
+to 'nodense'):
++
+--
 `dense`;;
 	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
 `nodense`;;
 	make equal size columns
 --
-+
-This option defaults to 'never'.
 
 column.branch::
 	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
 
+column.clean::
+	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
+	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
+
 column.status::
 	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
@@ -913,6 +977,15 @@ column.tag::
 	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
 
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
 commit.status::
 	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
@@ -980,7 +1053,7 @@ fetch.fsckObjects::
 	is used instead.
 
 fetch.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
 	transfer is below this
 	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
 	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
@@ -990,6 +1063,10 @@ fetch.unpackLimit::
 	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
 	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
 
+fetch.prune::
+	If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
+	option was given on the command line.  See also `remote.<name>.prune`.
+
 format.attach::
 	Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for
 	'format-patch'.  The value can also be a double quoted string
@@ -1020,7 +1097,7 @@ format.subjectprefix::
 
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
-	the git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
+	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
 	Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress
 	signature generation.
 
@@ -1045,11 +1122,16 @@ format.thread::
 	value disables threading.
 
 format.signoff::
-    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
-    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
-    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
-    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
-    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+	format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+	patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+	the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+	Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+format.coverLetter::
+	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
+	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
+	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
 
 filter.<driver>.clean::
 	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
@@ -1133,7 +1215,7 @@ gitcvs.logfile::
 gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
-	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
+	the attributes force Git to treat a file as text,
 	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
@@ -1153,7 +1235,7 @@ gitcvs.allbinary::
 
 gitcvs.dbname::
 	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
-	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
 	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
 	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
@@ -1161,7 +1243,7 @@ gitcvs.dbname::
 
 gitcvs.dbdriver::
 	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
-        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
 	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
 	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
@@ -1351,6 +1433,12 @@ help.autocorrect::
 	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
 	This is the default.
 
+help.htmlpath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
+
 http.proxy::
 	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
 	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see
@@ -1359,11 +1447,15 @@ http.proxy::
 
 http.cookiefile::
 	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
-	in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
 	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
 	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]).
 	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as
-	input. No cookies will be stored in the file.
+	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
+
+http.savecookies::
+	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
+	http.cookiefile. Has no effect if http.cookiefile is unset.
 
 http.sslVerify::
 	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
@@ -1381,7 +1473,7 @@ http.sslKey::
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
 	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
 	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
 	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
@@ -1396,6 +1488,14 @@ http.sslCAPath::
 	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
 
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
+
 http.maxRequests::
 	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
@@ -1428,15 +1528,60 @@ http.noEPSV::
 
 http.useragent::
 	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
 	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
 	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
 	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
 	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
 
+http.<url>.*::
+	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some urls.
+	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
+	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
++
+--
+. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
+  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
+  default for the scheme before matching.
+
+. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
+  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
+  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
+  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
+  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
+  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
+  key with just path `foo/`).
+
+. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
+  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
+  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
+  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
+  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
+--
++
+The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
+a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
+if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
+`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
+`https://user@example.com`.
++
+All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
+if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
+equivalent urls that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
+Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The urls that are
+matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
+visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
+
 i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
 	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
 	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
@@ -1509,6 +1654,10 @@ log.showroot::
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
 
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
+
 mailmap.file::
 	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
 	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
@@ -1517,6 +1666,14 @@ mailmap.file::
 	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
 
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
+
 man.viewer::
 	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
 	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
@@ -1562,7 +1719,7 @@ mergetool.keepBackup::
 	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
 
 mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
 	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
 	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
 	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
@@ -1590,7 +1747,7 @@ displayed.
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
 	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
 	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
 	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
@@ -1670,7 +1827,7 @@ pack.threads::
 	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
 	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 pack.indexVersion::
@@ -1682,11 +1839,11 @@ pack.indexVersion::
 	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
 	larger than 2 GB.
 +
-If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
 cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
 that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
 other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
 you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
 the `*.idx` file.
 
@@ -1701,7 +1858,7 @@ pack.packSizeLimit::
 
 pager.<cmd>::
 	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
 	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
 	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
 	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
@@ -1724,6 +1881,10 @@ pull.rebase::
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
@@ -1736,38 +1897,59 @@ pull.twohead::
 	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
 
 push.default::
-	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
-	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
-	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
-	line. Possible values are:
+	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
+	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
+	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
+	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
+	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
 +
 --
-* `nothing` - do not push anything.
-* `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends.
-  This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable
-  shape and then push them out with a single command.  It is not
-  appropriate for pushing into a repository shared by multiple users,
-  since locally stalled branches will attempt a non-fast forward push
-  if other users updated the branch.
-  +
-  This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default
-  to `simple`.
-* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch.
-  With this, `git push` will update the same remote ref as the one which
-  is merged by `git pull`, making `push` and `pull` symmetrical.
-  See "branch.<name>.merge" for how to configure the upstream branch.
-* `simple` - like `upstream`, but refuses to push if the upstream
-  branch's name is different from the local one. This is the safest
-  option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default
-  in Git 2.0.
-* `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
---
+
+* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
+  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
+
+* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
+  name on the receiving end.  Works in both central and non-central
+  workflows.
+
+* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose
+  changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
+  called `@{upstream}`).  This mode only makes sense if you are
+  pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
+  (i.e. central workflow).
+
+* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an
+  added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is
+  different from the local one.
++
+When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally
+pull from, work as `current`.  This is the safest option and is suited
+for beginners.
 +
-The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to
-push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other
-branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with
-other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want
-to use one of these.
+This mode will become the default in Git 2.0.
+
+* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends.
+  This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
+  branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint'
+  and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push
+  to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and
+  'master' will be pushed there).
++
+To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the
+branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
+running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you
+to push all of the branches in one go.  If you usually finish work
+on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are
+unfinished, this mode is not for you.  Also this mode is not
+suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other
+people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing
+branches outside your control.
++
+This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default
+to `simple`.
+
+--
 
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
@@ -1776,6 +1958,14 @@ rebase.stat::
 rebase.autosquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autostash::
+	When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash
+	before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
+	ends.  This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
+	However, use with care: the final stash application after a
+	successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 receive.autogc::
 	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
 	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
@@ -1821,10 +2011,24 @@ receive.denyNonFastForwards::
 	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
 	set when initializing a shared repository.
 
+receive.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git
+	push`, and an attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by
+	`git push` is rejected.
+
 receive.updateserverinfo::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
 	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
 
+remote.pushdefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushremote` for specific branches.
+
 remote.<name>.url::
 	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1876,9 +2080,15 @@ remote.<name>.tagopt::
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
 	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
 
+remote.<name>.prune::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any remote-tracking branches which no longer exist on the
+	remote (as if the `--prune` option was give on the command line).
+	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+
 remotes.<group>::
 	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
 	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
@@ -1886,9 +2096,9 @@ remotes.<group>::
 repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
 	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
 	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
 	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
 	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
 
 rerere.autoupdate::
@@ -1917,6 +2127,10 @@ sendemail.smtpencryption::
 sendemail.smtpssl::
 	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'.
 
+sendemail.smtpsslcertpath::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
+
 sendemail.<identity>.*::
 	Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters
 	found below, taking precedence over those when the this
@@ -1925,6 +2139,7 @@ sendemail.<identity>.*::
 
 sendemail.aliasesfile::
 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.annotate::
 sendemail.bcc::
 sendemail.cc::
 sendemail.cccmd::
@@ -1957,9 +2172,24 @@ showbranch.default::
 status.relativePaths::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
 	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
 	prior to v1.5.4).
 
+status.short::
+	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.branch::
+	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.displayCommentPrefix::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
+	prefix before each output line (starting with
+	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
+	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 status.showUntrackedFiles::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
 	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
@@ -1984,7 +2214,14 @@ status.submodulesummary::
 	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
 	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
 	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
-	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
+	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
+	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To
+	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
+	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git
+	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
+	not honor these settings.
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
 submodule.<name>.url::
@@ -1995,6 +2232,12 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
 	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	The remote branch name for a submodule, used by `git submodule
+	update --remote`.  Set this option to override the value found in
+	the `.gitmodules` file.  See linkgit:git-submodule[1] and
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
@@ -2013,7 +2256,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
 	This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule,
 	both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodules" option.
+	"--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 tar.umask::
 	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
@@ -2027,18 +2271,49 @@ transfer.fsckObjects::
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	Defaults to false.
 
+transfer.hiderefs::
+	This variable can be used to set both `receive.hiderefs`
+	and `uploadpack.hiderefs` at the same time to the same
+	values.  See entries for these other variables.
+
 transfer.unpackLimit::
 	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	The default value is 100.
 
+uploadpack.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `upload-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden from `git ls-remote`,
+	`git fetch`, etc.  An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git
+	fetch` will fail.  See also `uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant::
+	When `uploadpack.hiderefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	see also `uploadpack.hiderefs`.
+
+uploadpack.keepalive::
+	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
+	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
+	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
+	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
+	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
+	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
+	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
+	`uploadpack.keepalive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
+	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
+
 url.<base>.insteadOf::
 	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
 	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
 	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, and some users need to use different access
 	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
 	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
@@ -2049,11 +2324,11 @@ url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
 	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
 	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
 	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
 	setting for that remote.
 
 user.email::
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index 4314ad0fbb..223b9310df 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules::
 	Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this
 	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff'
 	commands such as 'git diff-files'. 'git checkout' also honors
-	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes.
+	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to
+	'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit'
+	and 'git status' when 'status.submodulesummary' is set unless it is
+	overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command line option.
+	The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting.
 
 diff.mnemonicprefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ diff.renameLimit::
 	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
 
 diff.renames::
-	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
+	Tells Git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
 	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
 	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
 
@@ -149,9 +153,27 @@ diff.<driver>.cachetextconv::
 	conversion outputs.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 diff.tool::
-	The diff tool to be used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].  This
-	option overrides `merge.tool`, and has the same valid built-in
-	values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge" and plus
-	"kompare".  Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool,
-	and there must be a corresponding `difftool.<tool>.cmd`
-	option.
+	Controls which diff tool is used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].
+	This variable overrides the value configured in `merge.tool`.
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool and requires
+	that a corresponding difftool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+
+diff.algorithm::
+	Choose a diff algorithm.  The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 39f2c5074c..bbed2cd79c 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	{git-diff? This is the default.}
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
+-s::
+--no-patch::
+	Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that
+	show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`.
+
 -U<n>::
 --unified=<n>::
 	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
@@ -55,6 +60,26 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 --histogram::
 	Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
 
+--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
+	Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
+For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
+non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
+have to use `--diff-algorithm=default` option.
+
 --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
 	Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
 	will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
@@ -175,8 +200,8 @@ any of those replacements occurred.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Show colored diff.
-	The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
-	The default value is `never`.
+	`--color` (i.e. without '=<when>') is the same as `--color=always`.
+	'<when>' can be one of `always`, `never`, or `auto`.
 ifdef::git-diff[]
 	It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
 	configuration settings.
@@ -283,7 +308,7 @@ few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
 single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
 everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
 option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
-original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
+original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
 rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
 deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
 +
@@ -307,13 +332,13 @@ ifdef::git-log[]
 endif::git-log[]
 	If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
 	index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
-	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
+	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a
 	delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
 	hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
 	a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
 	0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
 	the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
-	`-M100%`.
+	`-M100%`.  The default similarity index is 50%.
 
 -C[<n>]::
 --find-copies[=<n>]::
@@ -363,14 +388,36 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
 
 -S<string>::
-	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
-	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
-	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
-	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+	Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+	the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
+	Intended for the scripter's use.
++
+It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a
+struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
+came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
+block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the
+very first version of the block.
 
 -G<regex>::
-	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
-	the given <regex>.
+	Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
+	lines that match <regex>.
++
+To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
+`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
+file:
++
+----
++    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+...
+-    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+----
++
+While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+occurrences of that string did not change).
++
+See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
+information.
 
 --pickaxe-all::
 	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
@@ -378,8 +425,8 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	in <string>.
 
 --pickaxe-regex::
-	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
-	regex to match.
+	Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
+	expression to match.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -O<orderfile>::
@@ -419,6 +466,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 	differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
 	line has none.
 
+--ignore-blank-lines::
+	Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
+
 --inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
 	Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
 	of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
@@ -460,7 +510,7 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
 	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
 	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
 	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt
index 048337b40f..2a18c1f6f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
 ===================================
 
 <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ commands in addition to the above.
 
 <<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
 administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
-of git repositories.
+of Git repositories.
 
 
 Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ $ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
 +
 <1> create a new topic branch.
 <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
-<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
 <4> to see what changes you are committing.
 <5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
-My typical GIT day.::
+My typical Git day.::
 +
 ------------
 $ git status <1>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ and maintain access to the repository by developers.
   * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
     for shared central repository users.
 
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good
 example of managing a shared central repository.
 
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
 ------------
 $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
 # default: off
-# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
 service git
 {
         disable = no
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 6e98bdf149..ba1fe49582 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -8,11 +8,15 @@
 	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
 
 --depth=<depth>::
-	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
+	Deepen or shorten the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
 	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
 	to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote
 	branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
 
+--unshallow::
+	Convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all
+	the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.
+
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
 	Show what would be done, without making any changes.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 -t::
 --tags::
-	This is a short-hand for giving "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
+	This is a short-hand for giving `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`
 	refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched
 	and stored locally.  Because this acts as an explicit
 	refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index fd9e36b99f..48754cbc67 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
-	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
-	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--]
-	  [<filepattern>...]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
+	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ commit.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<filepattern>...::
+<pathspec>...::
 	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
 	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
 	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
@@ -100,23 +100,40 @@ apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below.
 
 -u::
 --update::
-	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
-	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
-	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
-	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
-	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
-	have been removed.
+	Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
+	<pathspec>.  This removes as well as modifies index entries to
+	match the working tree, but adds no new files.
 +
-If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
-update all tracked files in the current directory and its
-subdirectories.
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all tracked files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
 
 -A::
 --all::
-	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
-	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
-	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
-	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+--no-ignore-removal::
+	Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
+	matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
+	entry.	This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
+	match the working tree.
++
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
+
+--no-all::
+--ignore-removal::
+	Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
+	index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
+	files that have been removed from the working tree.  This
+	option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
++
+This option is primarily to help the current users of Git, whose
+"git add <pathspec>..." ignores removed files.  In future versions
+of Git, "git add <pathspec>..." will be a synonym to "git add -A
+<pathspec>..." and "git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>..." will behave like
+today's "git add <pathspec>...", ignoring removed files.
 
 -N::
 --intent-to-add::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index 19d57a80f5..54d8461d61 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ git-am - Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--keep-cr | --no-keep-cr] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--[no-]keep-cr] [--[no-]utf8]
 	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [--[no-]scissors]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --keep-non-patch::
 	Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
---keep-cr::
---no-keep-cr::
+--[no-]keep-cr::
 	With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1])
 	with the same option, to prevent it from stripping CR at the end of
 	lines. `am.keepcr` configuration variable can be used to specify the
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 --resolvemsg=<msg>::
 	When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed
 	to the screen before exiting.  This overrides the
-	standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
+	standard message informing you to use `--continue`
 	or `--skip` to handle the failure.  This is solely
 	for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ aborts in the middle.  You can recover from this in one of two ways:
 
 . hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update
   the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should
-  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--resolved' option.
+  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--continue' option.
 
 The command refuses to process new mailboxes until the current
 operation is finished, so if you decide to start over from scratch,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index 634b84e4b9..f605327946 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Reads the supplied diff output (i.e. "a patch") and applies it to files.
 With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
 with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index.
 Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
-and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
 
 This command applies the patch but does not create a commit.  Use
 linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ behavior:
 * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
   patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
   used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
-  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more).
 * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
   to apply the patch.
 * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index f4504ba9bf..163b9f6f41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-archimport(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ directory. To follow the development of a project that uses Arch, rerun
 incremental imports.
 
 While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
-archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
-manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch>
 parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
-branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a
 "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master".
 
-Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the
 result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
 branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
 convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
 
 MERGES
 ------
-Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git
 does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
 branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
-is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
 import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
 
 Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
-git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
 patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
index 59d73e532f..b97aaab4ed 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
-	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [-o <file> | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
 	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
 	      [<path>...]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
 
 --worktree-attributes::
-	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes files in the working tree
+	as well (see <<ATTRIBUTES>>).
 
 <extra>::
 	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ tar.<format>.remote::
 	user-defined formats, but true for the "tar.gz" and "tgz"
 	formats.
 
+[[ATTRIBUTES]]
 ATTRIBUTES
 ----------
 
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ export-ignore::
 	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 export-subst::
-	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will
 	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
 	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index ec4497e098..afeb86c6cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Note that the example that we will use is really a toy example, we
 will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
 "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
 in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
-better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for
 example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
 
 Driving a bisection manually
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ So only the W and B commits will be kept. Because commits X and Y will
 have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
 G are removed by rule b) too.
 
-Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
 given by:
 
 -------------
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ Skip algorithm discussed
 After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
 commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
 fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
-developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
-git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
 
 But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
 developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
@@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ And here is what Andreas said about this work-flow <<5>>:
 _____________
 To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
 cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
-which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've
 lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
 the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
-bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs
 for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
 due to how we now feel about writing tests).
 _____________
@@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@ commits in already released history, for example to change the commit
 message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
 to link a repository with another old repository.
 
-In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
-it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
-be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should
+be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
 
 One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
 replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
@@ -1320,11 +1320,11 @@ So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that
 ;-)
 _____________
 
-Acknowledgements
+Acknowledgments
 ----------------
 
 Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
-reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing
 some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
 lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
 
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ Many thanks to Linus Torvalds for inventing, developing and
 evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
 
 Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
-another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
 Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
 Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index e4f46bc18d..f986c5cb3a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Bisect reset
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
-the original HEAD, issue the following command:
+the original HEAD (i.e., to quit bisecting), issue the following command:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect reset
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@ the revision as good or bad in the usual manner.
 Bisect skip
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
+Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git
 to do it for you by issuing the command:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
 ------------
 
-But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
+But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
 a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
 
 You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
 $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
 $ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a broken test case:
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@ make || exit 125                     # this skips broken builds
 ~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case pass?
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@ use `git cherry-pick` instead of `git merge`.)
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 This shows that you can do without a run script if you write the test
@@ -368,6 +372,7 @@ $ git bisect run sh -c '
 	rm -f tmp.$$
 	test $rc = 0'
 
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 In this case, when 'git bisect run' finishes, bisect/bad will refer to a commit that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index e44173f66a..f2c85cc633 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
-	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>]
-	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental]
+	    [-L <range>] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
+	    [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
 last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
 
-The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
+When specified one or more times, `-L` restricts annotation to the requested
+lines.
 
 The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file
 renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
 replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
 interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
 
-Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the
 development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
 possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
 between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
@@ -130,7 +131,10 @@ SPECIFYING RANGES
 
 Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
 of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
-ranges.  When you are interested in finding the origin for
+ranges. The `-L` option, which limits annotation to a range of lines, may be
+specified multiple times.
+
+When you are interested in finding the origin for
 lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
 (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at
 line 40):
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 45a225e0aa..311b33674e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
-be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
-branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also
-activated by the `--list` option (see below).
-<pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell
-wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)).
-Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the branch is shown.
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
+asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
@@ -45,8 +47,9 @@ Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
-branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
+branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
+configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
@@ -154,7 +157,8 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
 
 -t::
 --track::
-	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
+	When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
+	`branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
 	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
 	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
 	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
@@ -193,15 +197,15 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 
 --contains [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
-	if not specified).
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 16a6b0aceb..0417562eb7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
-be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
 ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
@@ -112,13 +112,12 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
 ----------------
 
-Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
-the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
-were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
-pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
+bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
+create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
 
 ----------------
-machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
 ----------------
 
 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 2fb95bbd19..322f5ed315 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size, or '--textconv' is used
 (which implies type "blob").
 
 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
-stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -54,16 +54,20 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --textconv::
 	Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
-	<object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
+	<object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
-	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
-	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch=<format>::
+	Print object information and contents for each object provided
+	on stdin.  May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+	See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 --batch-check::
-	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
-	be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch-check=<format>::
+	Print object information for each object provided on stdin.  May
+	not be combined with any other options or arguments.  See the
+	section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
@@ -78,28 +82,81 @@ If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
 If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
 will be returned.
 
-If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each
-object specified on stdin:
+BATCH OUTPUT
+------------
+
+If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
+from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
+the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
+linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
+`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
+object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
+newline. The available atoms are:
+
+`objectname`::
+	The 40-hex object name of the object.
+
+`objecttype`::
+	The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
+
+`objectsize`::
+	The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
+	reports).
+
+`objectsize:disk`::
+	The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
+	note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
+
+`rest`::
+	If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
+	at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
+	whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
+	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
+	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
+
+If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
+
+If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
+object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
+newline.
+
+For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
 
 ------------
 <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
 <contents> LF
 ------------
 
-If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for
-each object specified on stdin:
+Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
 
 ------------
-<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+<sha1> SP <type> LF
 ------------
 
-For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed
-for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository:
+If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
+the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
 
 ------------
 <object> SP missing LF
 ------------
 
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
+should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
+responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
+much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
+choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
+and is subject to change during a repack. Note also that multiple copies
+of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is
+undefined which copy's size will be reported.
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
index 5abdbaa51c..00e2aa2df2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a
-	NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable.
+	If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
 \--::
 	Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ OUTPUT
 The output is of the form:
 <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
 
+unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter:
+<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL
+
+
 <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute
 being queried and <info> can be either:
 
@@ -56,6 +61,11 @@ being queried and <info> can be either:
 'set';;		when the attribute is defined as true.
 <value>;;	when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
 
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee2e091704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+git-check-ignore(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ignore' [options] pathname...
+'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each pathname given via the command-line or from a file via
+`--stdin`, show the pattern from .gitignore (or other input files to
+the exclude mechanism) that decides if the pathname is excluded or
+included.  Later patterns within a file take precedence over earlier
+ones.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q, --quiet::
+	Don't output anything, just set exit status.  This is only
+	valid with a single pathname.
+
+-v, --verbose::
+	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
+	for each given pathname.
+
+--stdin::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+-n, --non-matching::
+	Show given paths which don't match any pattern.	 This only
+	makes sense when `--verbose` is enabled, otherwise it would
+	not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a
+	pattern and those which don't.
+
+--no-index::
+	Don't look in the index when undertaking the checks. This can
+	be used to debug why a path became tracked by e.g. `git add .`
+	and was not ignored by the rules as expected by the user or when
+	developing patterns including negation to match a path previously
+	added with `git add -f`.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+By default, any of the given pathnames which match an ignore pattern
+will be output, one per line.  If no pattern matches a given path,
+nothing will be output for that path; this means that path will not be
+ignored.
+
+If `--verbose` is specified, the output is a series of lines of the form:
+
+<source> <COLON> <linenum> <COLON> <pattern> <HT> <pathname>
+
+<pathname> is the path of a file being queried, <pattern> is the
+matching pattern, <source> is the pattern's source file, and <linenum>
+is the line number of the pattern within that source.  If the pattern
+contained a `!` prefix or `/` suffix, it will be preserved in the
+output.  <source> will be an absolute path when referring to the file
+configured by `core.excludesfile`, or relative to the repository root
+when referring to `.git/info/exclude` or a per-directory exclude file.
+
+If `-z` is specified, the pathnames in the output are delimited by the
+null character; if `--verbose` is also specified then null characters
+are also used instead of colons and hard tabs:
+
+<source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL>
+
+If `-n` or `--non-matching` are specified, non-matching pathnames will
+also be output, in which case all fields in each output record except
+for <pathname> will be empty.  This can be useful when running
+non-interactively, so that files can be incrementally streamed to
+STDIN of a long-running check-ignore process, and for each of these
+files, STDOUT will indicate whether that file matched a pattern or
+not.  (Without this option, it would be impossible to tell whether the
+absence of output for a given file meant that it didn't match any
+pattern, or that the output hadn't been generated yet.)
+
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+-----------
+
+0::
+	One or more of the provided paths is ignored.
+
+1::
+	None of the provided paths are ignored.
+
+128::
+	A fatal error was encountered.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:gitconfig[5]
+linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39028ee1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+git-check-mailmap(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line
+or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name
+and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them;
+otherwise print the input as-is.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--stdin::
+	Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting
+	contacts provided on the command-line.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.  If the
+name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is
+printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
index 98009d1bd5..fc02959ba4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
 status if it is not.
 
-A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags.  A
 branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
 a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
 (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
 directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
 if refs are packed by `git gc`).
 
-git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
   grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
 
+. They cannot be the single character `@`.
+
 . They cannot contain a `\`.
 
 These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
@@ -83,8 +85,7 @@ typed the branch name.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---allow-onelevel::
---no-allow-onelevel::
+--[no-]allow-onelevel::
 	Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
 	refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
 	components).  The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index 6f04d22f5e..ca118ac6bf 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
-is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
-next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of
+the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping
+the initial part up to the "*".
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
 "refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
@@ -180,6 +180,12 @@ branch by running "git rm -rf ." from the top level of the working tree.
 Afterwards you will be ready to prepare your new files, repopulating the
 working tree, by copying them from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.
 
+--ignore-skip-worktree-bits::
+	In sparse checkout mode, `git checkout -- <paths>` would
+	update only entries matched by <paths> and sparse patterns
+	in $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout. This option ignores
+	the sparse patterns and adds back any files in <paths>.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	When switching branches,
@@ -333,7 +339,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
   tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')
 ------------
 
-In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look
+In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look
 at what happens when we then checkout master:
 
 ------------
@@ -350,7 +356,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
 
 It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit
 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted
-by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
+by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
 before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f',
 any of these will create a reference to it:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
index f6c19c734d..2d0daae626 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
 is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
-The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
-the 'git patch-id' program.
+The diffs are compared after removing any whitespace and line numbers.
 
 Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
 has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol.  The ones that have
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 9f42c0d0e6..89979228b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
 under version control, starting from the current directory.
 
-Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x'
 option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
 example, be useful to remove all build products.
 
@@ -27,14 +27,20 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -d::
 	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
 	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
 	if you really want to remove such a directory.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
-	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
+	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f, -n or
+	-i.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See
+	``Interactive mode'' for details.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -60,9 +66,70 @@ OPTIONS
 	working directory to test a clean build.
 
 -X::
-	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	Remove only files ignored by Git.  This may be useful to rebuild
 	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
 
+Interactive mode
+----------------
+When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
+files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its
+interactive command loop.
+
+The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
+gives a prompt "What now> ".  In general, when the prompt ends
+with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
+and type return, like this:
+
+------------
+    *** Commands ***
+	1: clean                2: filter by pattern    3: select by numbers
+	4: ask each             5: quit                 6: help
+    What now> 1
+------------
+
+You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique.
+
+The main command loop has 6 subcommands.
+
+clean::
+
+   Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit.
+
+filter by pattern::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-seperated
+   patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion.
+   E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from
+   deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press
+   ENTER (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+select by numbers::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double
+   '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated
+   with whitespace or comma.  Also you can say ranges.  E.g. "2-5 7,9"
+   to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list.  If the second number in a
+   range is omitted, all remaining items are selected.  E.g. "7-" to
+   choose 7,8,9 from the list.  You can say '*' to choose everything.
+   Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER
+   (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+ask each::
+
+  This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order
+  to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient
+  as the above two actions.
+
+quit::
+
+  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+
+help::
+
+  Show brief usage of interactive git-clean.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitignore[5]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 7fefdb0384..450f158779 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
 	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
-	  [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
+	  [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --local::
 -l::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
-	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
 	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
 	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op.  If the
 repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
 never use the local optimizations).  Specifying `--no-local` will
 override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
-git transport instead.
+Git transport instead.
 +
 To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you
 are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the
-usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
 
 --no-hardlinks::
 	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
 repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
-other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
 source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
-These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
 which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
-	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
 	as patches.
 
---single-branch::
+--[no-]single-branch::
 	Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
 	either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
 	branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 	Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 	to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
-	then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
-	The result is git repository can be separated from working
+	then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
+	The result is Git repository can be separated from working
 	tree.
 
 
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ Examples
 * Clone from upstream:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
-$ cd my2.6
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 $ make
 ------------
 
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ $ git show-branch
 * Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
-	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
-	my2.7
-$ cd my2.7
+$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \
+	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \
+	my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 ------------
 
 
@@ -271,13 +271,6 @@ $ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
 ------------
 
 
-* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus:
-+
-------------
-$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
-    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
-------------
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index 6d5a04c83b..cafdc9642d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
-'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
+		  [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
 to get there.
 
-Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
@@ -52,6 +54,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
 	from the standard input.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------
@@ -72,13 +77,13 @@ if set:
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-	EMAIL
 
 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
 
 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
 that file does not exist).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 7bdb039d5e..1a7616c73a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>]
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
 	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
    case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
    record the current content of the listed files (which must already
-   be known to git);
+   be known to Git);
 
 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
    "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --all::
 	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
 	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
-	told git about are not affected.
+	told Git about are not affected.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ OPTIONS
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
 
 -t <file>::
 --template=<file>::
@@ -172,20 +174,31 @@ OPTIONS
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
-	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
-	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
-	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
-	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
-	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
-	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
-	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
-	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
+	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, or `default`.
++
+--
+strip::
+	Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, and
+	#commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
+whitespace::
+	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
+verbatim::
+	Do not change the message at all.
+default::
+	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
+	Otherwise `whitespace`.
+--
++
+The default can be changed by the 'commit.cleanup' configuration
+variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -e::
 --edit::
 	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
-	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
-	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	`-m`, and from commit object with `-C` are usually used as
+	the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
 	further edit the message taken from these sources.
 
 --no-edit::
@@ -194,14 +207,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	without changing its commit message.
 
 --amend::
-	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
-	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
-	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
-	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
-	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
-	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
-	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
-	discarded.
+	Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
+	commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
+	the effect of the `-i` and `-o` options and explicit
+	pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
+	as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
+	other message is specified from the command line via options
+	such as `-m`, `-F`, `-c`, etc.  The new commit has the same
+	parents and author as the current one (the `--reset-author`
+	option can countermand this).
 +
 --
 It is a rough equivalent for:
@@ -402,7 +416,7 @@ Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
 The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
-as the commit title, and that title is used throughout git.
+as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
 For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses
 the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index eaea079165..e9917b89a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --get::
 	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
 	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
-	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+	found and the last value if multiple key values were found.
 
 --get-all::
 	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
@@ -95,29 +96,55 @@ OPTIONS
 	in which section and variable names are lowercased, but subsection
 	names are not.
 
+--get-urlmatch name URL::
+	When given a two-part name section.key, the value for
+	section.<url>.key whose <url> part matches the best to the
+	given URL is returned (if no such key exists, the value for
+	section.key is used as a fallback).  When given just the
+	section as name, do so for all the keys in the section and
+	list them.
+
 --global::
-	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
-	the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file
-	if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't.
+	For writing options: write to global `~/.gitconfig` file
+	rather than the repository `.git/config`, write to
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` file if this file exists and the
+	`~/.gitconfig` file doesn't.
 +
-For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from
-$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files.
+For reading options: read only from global `~/.gitconfig` and from
+`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 --system::
-	For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
-	rather than the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than the repository
+	`.git/config`.
 +
-For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+For reading options: read only from system-wide `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig`
 rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
+--local::
+	For writing options: write to the repository `.git/config` file.
+	This is	the default behavior.
++
+For reading options: read only from the repository `.git/config` rather than
+from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
 -f config-file::
 --file config-file::
 	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
 
+--blob blob::
+	Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g.
+	you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file
+	'.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
+	section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of
+	ways to spell blob names.
+
 --remove-section::
 	Remove the given section from the configuration file.
 
@@ -186,8 +213,7 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
 	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
 
---includes::
---no-includes::
+--[no-]includes::
 	Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up
 	values. Defaults to on.
 
@@ -198,23 +224,23 @@ FILES
 If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:
 
-$GIT_DIR/config::
-	Repository specific configuration file.
-
-~/.gitconfig::
-	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
-	configuration file.
+$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
+	System-wide configuration file.
 
 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
 	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
-	or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued
+	or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/config` will be used. Any single-valued
 	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
-	~/.gitconfig.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
+	`~/.gitconfig`.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
 	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
 	file was added fairly recently.
 
-$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
-	System-wide configuration file.
+~/.gitconfig::
+	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
+	configuration file.
+
+$GIT_DIR/config::
+	Repository specific configuration file.
 
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
@@ -222,6 +248,10 @@ file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
 file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
 error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
 
+The files are read in the order given above, with last value found taking
+precedence over values read earlier.  When multiple values are taken then all
+values of a key from all files will be used.
+
 All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
 configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
 and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
@@ -240,6 +270,10 @@ GIT_CONFIG::
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 
@@ -270,6 +304,13 @@ Given a .git/config like this:
 		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
 		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
 
+	; HTTP
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+
 you can set the filemode to true with
 
 ------------
@@ -355,6 +396,19 @@ RESET=$(git config --get-color "" "reset")
 echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}"
 ------------
 
+For URLs in `https://weak.example.com`, `http.sslVerify` is set to
+false, while it is set to `true` for all others:
+
+------------
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://good.example.com
+true
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com
+false
+% git config --get-urlmatch http https://weak.example.com
+http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt
+http.sslverify false
+------------
+
 include::config.txt[]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
index 23c80cea64..b300e846f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-count-objects - Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git count-objects' [-v]
+'git count-objects' [-v] [-H | --human-readable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,11 +20,29 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
-	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
-	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
-	and number of objects that can be removed by running
-	`git prune-packed`.
+	Report in more detail:
++
+count: the number of loose objects
++
+size: disk space consumed by loose objects, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+in-pack: the number of in-pack objects
++
+size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in
+the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`.
++
+garbage: the number of files in object database that are not valid
+loose objects nor valid packs
++
+size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is
+specified)
+
+-H::
+--human-readable::
+
+Print sizes in human readable format
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
index eeff5fa989..89b730632d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ git config credential.helper 'cache [options]'
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git
+This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git
 programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten
 after a configurable timeout.  The cache is accessible over a Unix
 domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
-be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
+be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See
 linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
index b27c03c361..8481cae70e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ security tradeoff, try linkgit:git-credential-cache[1], or find a helper
 that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system.
 
 This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future
-git programs.
+Git programs.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
 be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ stored on its own line as a URL like:
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-When git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
+When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and
 username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned
-to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
 for more information.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
index 810e957124..b211440373 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
 from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
-credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable
+credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
 interface models the internal C API; see
-link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the git credential API] for more
+link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
 background on the concepts.
 
 git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ For example, if we want a password for
 `https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
 credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
 tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
-infomation it has):
+information it has):
 
 	 protocol=https
 	 host=example.com
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ infomation it has):
 	password=secr3t
 +
 In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
-repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential
+repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
 description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
 protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
 +
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index 7f79cec3f8..00154b6c85 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
-to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.
 
 Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
 from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -w::
 	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
 	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
-	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	current directory is within a Git repository.  The default is the
 	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
 
 -W::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 98d9881d7e..d1bcda28f4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+*WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered
+deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later.  If you are
+performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using
+link:http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or
+link:https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs].
+
+Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new
 repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
 
 Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
@@ -59,18 +65,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	`CVS/Repository`.
 
 -C <target-dir>::
-        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+	The Git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
         exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
 
 -r <remote>::
-	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	The Git remote to import this CVS repository into.
 	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
 	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
 
 -o <branch-for-HEAD>::
 	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
-	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
-	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git.
 	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
 	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
 	Use this option if you want to import into a different
@@ -213,11 +219,9 @@ Problems related to tags:
 * Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
 
 If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
-want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
-more stable in practice:
+want to imort, consider using cvs2git:
 
-* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
-* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://subversion.apache.org/`
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 88d814af0e..472f5cbd07 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cvsserver(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ unless '--export-all' was given, too.
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
 
 It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
 and for those methods that are implemented,
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
-CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.
 
-'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different
 from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
 one or more directories.
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Then provide your password via the pserver method, for example:
 ------
    cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
 ------
-No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools
 in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
 environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
 
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ with CVS_SERVER (and shouldn't) as 'git-shell' understands `cvs` to mean
 Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
 write access to the log file and to the database (see
 <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
-SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.
 
-You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index
 file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 
 [[configaccessmethod]]
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
    automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
    explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
-   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   directory should point at the appropriate Git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
    _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
 +
 --
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
    shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
 
 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
-   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
    name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
    `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
    `project-master` directory:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 Database Backend
 ----------------
 
-'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to
 store information about the repository to maintain consistent
 CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
 updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ the pserver method), 'git-cvsserver' should have write access to
 the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
 that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
 
-By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named
 `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
 temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
 write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@ Variable substitution
 In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
 
 %G::
-	git directory name
+	Git directory name
 %g::
-	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	Git directory name, where all characters except for
 	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
-	CVS module/git head name
+	CVS module/Git head name
 %a::
 	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
 %u::
@@ -359,6 +359,43 @@ Operations supported
 
 All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
 checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+
+Most CVS command arguments that read CVS tags or revision numbers
+(typically -r) work, and also support any git refspec
+(tag, branch, commit ID, etc).
+However, CVS revision numbers for non-default branches are not well
+emulated, and cvs log does not show tags or branches at
+all.  (Non-main-branch CVS revision numbers superficially resemble CVS
+revision numbers, but they actually encode a git commit ID directly,
+rather than represent the number of revisions since the branch point.)
+
+Note that there are two ways to checkout a particular branch.
+As described elsewhere on this page, the "module" parameter
+of cvs checkout is interpreted as a branch name, and it becomes
+the main branch.  It remains the main branch for a given sandbox
+even if you temporarily make another branch sticky with
+cvs update -r.  Alternatively, the -r argument can indicate
+some other branch to actually checkout, even though the module
+is still the "main" branch.  Tradeoffs (as currently
+implemented): Each new "module" creates a new database on disk with
+a history for the given module, and after the database is created,
+operations against that main branch are fast.  Or alternatively,
+-r doesn't take any extra disk space, but may be significantly slower for
+many operations, like cvs update.
+
+If you want to refer to a git refspec that has characters that are
+not allowed by CVS, you have two options.  First, it may just work
+to supply the git refspec directly to the appropriate CVS -r argument;
+some CVS clients don't seem to do much sanity checking of the argument.
+Second, if that fails, you can use a special character escape mechanism
+that only uses characters that are valid in CVS tags.  A sequence
+of 4 or 5 characters of the form (underscore (`"_"`), dash (`"-"`),
+one or two characters, and dash (`"-"`)) can encode various characters based
+on the one or two letters: `"s"` for slash (`"/"`), `"p"` for
+period (`"."`), `"u"` for underscore (`"_"`), or two hexadecimal digits
+for any byte value at all (typically an ASCII number, or perhaps a part
+of a UTF-8 encoded character).
+
 Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
 Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 7e5098a95e..223f731523 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-daemon(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]
 	     [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>]
 	     [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>]
-	     [--access-hook=<path>]
-	     [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]
+	     [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors]
+	     [--inetd |
+	      [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
+	      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
 	     [<directory>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
 aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
 that service if it is enabled.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
-it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
 for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
 pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
 the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ By default, only `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
 from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
 
 This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
-git repositories.
+Git repositories.
 
 An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
 
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --base-path=<path>::
 	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
-	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
 	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
 	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
 	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	whitelist.
 
 --export-all::
-	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories
 	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
 	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
 
@@ -147,6 +149,13 @@ OPTIONS
 Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
 the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 'git daemon' if needed.
++
+Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset
+environment variables such as `$HOME` when it runs git programs,
+e.g. `upload-pack` and `receive-pack`. When using this option, you
+may also want to set and export `HOME` to point at the home
+directory of `<user>` before starting the daemon, and make sure any
+Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`.
 
 --enable=<service>::
 --disable=<service>::
@@ -162,8 +171,7 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
 	are overridable.
 
---informative-errors::
---no-informative-errors::
+--[no-]informative-errors::
 	When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report
 	more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions
 	like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 72d6bb612b..d20ca402a1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <commit-ish>...
 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<committish>...::
-	Committish object names to describe.
+<commit-ish>...::
+	Commit-ish object names to describe.
 
 --dirty[=<mark>]::
 	Describe the working tree.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --candidates=<n>::
 	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
-	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider
 	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
 	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
 	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
@@ -81,12 +81,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	that points at object deadbee....).
 
 --match <pattern>::
-	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
-	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+	Only consider tags matching the given `glob(7)` pattern,
+	excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.  This can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags from the repository.
 
 --always::
 	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
 
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
+	This is useful when you wish to not match tags on branches merged
+	in the history of the target commit.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ closest tagname without any suffix:
 
 Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
 longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
-git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
 be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@ be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
 
-For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
 a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
 be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
 always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
@@ -148,10 +154,12 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
+specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each
+commit.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
-has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be
 selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
 the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
 will be the smallest number of commits possible.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
index c0b7c581ad..a86cf62e68 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-diff-index(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
-object with the content of the current index and, optionally
-ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
-specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
-entries in the index are compared.
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
+with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
+corresponding paths in the index.  When <path> arguments are present,
+compares only paths matching those patterns.  Otherwise all tracked
+files are compared.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index f8c06013f3..33fbd8c56f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -18,20 +18,25 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
-between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
-between two files on disk.
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
+two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
 	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
-	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to
 	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
 	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
-+
-If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside
-the current repository, 'git diff' will compare the two files /
-directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
+
+'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to compare the given two paths on the
+	filesystem.  You can omit the `--no-index` option when
+	running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
+	at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
+	or when running the command outside a working tree
+	controlled by Git.
 
 'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -56,11 +61,6 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
 	This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
 	<commit>.
 
-'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
-
-	This form is to view the differences between the raw
-	contents of two blob objects.
-
 'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@ and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
 "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
 "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
+
+	This form is to view the differences between the raw
+	contents of two blob objects.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 :git-diff: 1
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 73ca7025a3..11887e63a0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
 to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
 linkgit:git-diff[1].
@@ -69,13 +69,14 @@ with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`.
 --tool-help::
 	Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`.
 
---symlinks::
---no-symlinks::
+--[no-]symlinks::
 	'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the
-	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode.
+	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode and the right-hand
+	side of the comparison yields the same content as the file in
+	the working tree.
 +
-	Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create
-	copies instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
+Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create copies
+instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
 
 -x <command>::
 --extcmd=<command>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index d6487e1ce0..85f1f30fdf 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
 	'git fast-import' during import.
 
---signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 +
 When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
-when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
-unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
-and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
+be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
+warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
+exported and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a
+warning.
 
 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
 	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@ produced incorrect results if you gave these options.
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 	\--import-marks.
+	The file will not be written if no new object has been
+	marked/exported.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
@@ -102,11 +106,11 @@ marks the same across runs.
 	different from the commit's first parent).
 
 [<git-rev-list-args>...]::
-       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
-       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
-       to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
-       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
-       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
+	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+	added since its 10th ancestor commit.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ Limitations
 -----------
 
 Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
-able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
+able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 68bca1a29d..73f980638e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -33,38 +33,46 @@ the frontend program in use.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---date-format=<fmt>::
-	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
-	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
-	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
-	are supported, and their syntax.
-
--- done::
-	Terminate with error if there is no 'done' command at the
-	end of the stream.
 
 --force::
 	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
 	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
 	not contain the old commit).
 
---max-pack-size=<n>::
-	Maximum size of each output packfile.
-	The default is unlimited.
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	\--stats.
 
---big-file-threshold=<n>::
-	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
-	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
-	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
-	with constrained memory.
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
 
---depth=<n>::
-	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
-	Default is 10.
+Options for Frontends
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---active-branches=<n>::
-	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
-	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
+	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
+	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
+	output.
+
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--done::
+	Terminate with error if there is no `done` command at the end of
+	the stream.  This option might be useful for detecting errors
+	that cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
+	write a stream.
+
+Locations of Marks Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --export-marks=<file>::
 	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
@@ -87,31 +95,33 @@ OPTIONS
 	Like --import-marks but instead of erroring out, silently
 	skips the file if it does not exist.
 
---relative-marks::
+--[no-]relative-marks::
 	After specifying --relative-marks the paths specified
 	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
 	to an internal directory in the current repository.
 	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
 	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
 	importers may use a different location.
++
+Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
+--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
---no-relative-marks::
-	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
-	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
-	--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks=
-	options.
+Performance and Compression Tuning
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
-	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
-	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
-	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
-	output.
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
 
---done::
-	Require a `done` command at the end of the stream.
-	This option might be useful for detecting errors that
-	cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
-	write a stream.
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
 
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
@@ -122,16 +132,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
 	to 'git pack-objects'.
 
---quiet::
-	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
-	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
-	\--stats.
-
---stats::
-	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
-	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
-	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
-	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is unlimited.
 
 
 Performance
@@ -358,8 +361,8 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 	`--cat-blob-fd` or `stdout` if unspecified.
 
 `feature`::
-	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
-	abort if it does not.
+	Enable the specified feature. This requires that fast-import
+	supports the specified feature, and aborts if it does not.
 
 `option`::
 	Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
@@ -377,8 +380,8 @@ change to the project.
 	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
 	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -457,9 +460,9 @@ as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to
 be the first ancestor of the new commit.
 
 As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
-quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following:
 
 * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
   table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@ additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge).  For this reason
 it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
 commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
 also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `filemodify`
@@ -674,8 +677,8 @@ paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
 `notemodify`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note
-annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents.
-Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>`
+annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents.
+Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>`
 path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to
 use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except
 `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree.
@@ -688,7 +691,7 @@ External data format::
 	commit that is to be annotated.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF
 ....
 +
 Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
@@ -701,13 +704,13 @@ Inline data format::
 	command.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	data
 ....
 +
 See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
 
-In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification
 expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `mark`
@@ -738,7 +741,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
-	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
 ....
@@ -783,11 +786,11 @@ branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit.
 
 ....
 	'reset' SP <ref> LF
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	LF?
 ....
 
-For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above
 under `commit` and `from`.
 
 The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
index 8c751202d7..444b805d35 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
-				[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
-				[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
-				[-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+	[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
+	[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
+	[-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -84,10 +84,16 @@ be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
 
 --depth=<n>::
 	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+	'git-upload-pack' treats the special depth 2147483647 as
+	infinite even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 
 --no-progress::
 	Do not show the progress.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is
+	self-contained and connected.
+
 -v::
 	Run verbosely.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index b41d7c1de1..e08a028946 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index e2301f5c01..e4c8e82660 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
 in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The command will only rewrite the _positive_ refs mentioned in the
 command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
 If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
 changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
-useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such,
 therefore such a usage is permitted.
 
 *NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in
@@ -64,8 +64,11 @@ argument is always evaluated in the shell context using the 'eval' command
 Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
 the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
-and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
-of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported to
+the environment, in order to affect the author and committer identities of
+the replacement commit created by linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] after the
+filters have run.
+
 If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
 operation will be aborted.
 
@@ -329,6 +332,26 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
 ' HEAD~10..HEAD
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
+The `--env-filter` option can be used to modify committer and/or author
+identity.  For example, if you found out that your commits have the wrong
+identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you can make a correction,
+before publishing the project, like this:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --env-filter '
+	if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+	if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	fi
+' -- --all
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
 To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
 range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
 point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
@@ -374,7 +397,7 @@ git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files,
 usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and
 `--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
 be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
-actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
 objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
 
 * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 3a0f55ec8e..bb1232a52c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
 	merged.
 
---summary::
---no-summary::
+--[no-]summary::
 	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
 	removed in the future.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index db55a4e0bb..f2e08d11c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ returns an empty string instead.
 
 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
 the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
-`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
+`:iso8601`, `:rfc2822` or `:raw` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
 `%(taggerdate:relative)`.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 259dce4994..9e0ef0eaf3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
 		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
-		   [--cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
+		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [<common diff options>]
 		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
 
@@ -166,6 +166,15 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
+-v <n>::
+--reroll-count=<n>::
+	Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
+	output filenames have `v<n>` pretended to them, and the
+	subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
+	`--subject-prefix` option) has ` v<n>` appended to it.  E.g.
+	`--reroll-count=4` may produce `v4-0001-add-makefile.patch`
+	file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
+
 --to=<email>::
 	Add a `To:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -178,6 +187,21 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so
 	far (from config or command line).
 
+--from::
+--from=<ident>::
+	Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the
+	author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the
+	provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the
+	message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use
+	the committer ident.
++
+Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the
+emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the
+original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body
+header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this
+transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are
+feeding the result to `git send-email`.
+
 --add-header=<header>::
 	Add an arbitrary header to the email headers.  This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -186,7 +210,7 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	`Cc:`, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
 	line.
 
---cover-letter::
+--[no-]cover-letter::
 	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
 	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
@@ -199,14 +223,14 @@ The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
 the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
 and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write
 these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending,
-keeping them as git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
+keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
 of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite`
 configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
 
 --[no]-signature=<signature>::
 	Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature
 	is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the
-	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version
+	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version
 	number.
 
 --suffix=.<sfx>::
@@ -218,6 +242,7 @@ configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
 Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
 you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
 
+-q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output.
 
@@ -251,6 +276,7 @@ attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
 	signoff = true
+	coverletter = auto
 ------------
 
 
@@ -380,7 +406,7 @@ Thunderbird
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag
 them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the
-resulting email unusable by git.
+resulting email unusable by Git.
 
 There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps,
 configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use
@@ -516,8 +542,8 @@ $ git format-patch -M -B origin
 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
 intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
-Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
-use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 
 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
 as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
index da348fc942..25c431d3c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
 +
 If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
-index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
+index file, all SHA-1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 (unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.
 
 --unreachable::
 	Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any
 	of the reference nodes.
 
---dangling::
---no-dangling::
+--[no-]dangling::
 	Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default).
 	`--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output.
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
 	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
 	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
-	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
 	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
 	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
 	with --no-full.
@@ -64,8 +63,8 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 --strict::
 	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
 	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
-	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
-	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	versions of Git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old
 	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
 	to check new projects with this flag.
 
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
 	its object name.
 
---progress::
---no-progress::
+--[no-]progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
 	default when it is attached to a terminal, unless
 	--no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
-git-fsck tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
+git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
 of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
 corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
 '--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index b370b025b8..e158a3b31f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune]
+'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ automatic consolidation of packs.
 
 --prune=<date>::
 	Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
-	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).  This
-	option is on by default.
+	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).
+	--prune=all prunes loose objects regardless of their age.
+	--prune is on by default.
 
 --no-prune::
 	Do not prune any loose objects.
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ automatic consolidation of packs.
 --quiet::
 	Suppress all progress reports.
 
+--force::
+	Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc`
+	instance running on this repository.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index cfecf848fb..8497aa4494 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [-W | --function-context]
 	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
 	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...]
-	   [ [--exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
+	   [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
 	   [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	blobs registered in the index file.
 
 --no-index::
-	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git.
+	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git.
 
 --untracked::
 	In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 0041994443..8144527ae0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Examples
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitk[1]::
-	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	The Git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
 	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
 	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 4b0a502e8e..02c1f12685 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --path::
 	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
 	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
-	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object
 	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
 	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
 	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index 9e0b3f6811..b21e9d79be 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -3,36 +3,50 @@ git-help(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-help - display help information about git
+git-help - Display help information about Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide]
+	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
-command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+With no options and no COMMAND or GUIDE given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed
 on the standard output.
 
-If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
-up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
-can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+If the option '--guide' or '-g' is given, a list of the useful
+Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+
+If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
+guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
+purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration
+variables.
 
 Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
 former is internally converted into the latter.
 
+To display the linkgit:git[1] man page, use `git help git`.
+
+This page can be displayed with 'git help help' or `git help --help`
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
 --all::
 	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
-	option supersedes any other option.
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
+
+-g::
+--guides::
+	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
 --info::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
index f4e0741c11..e3bcdb50e3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file
-"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
 
@@ -80,7 +80,30 @@ ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
 To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
-require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
+detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
+receive-pack invocation itself:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<LocationMatch "^/git/">
+	Order Deny,Allow
+	Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	Satisfy Any
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If you do not have `mod_rewrite` available to match against the query
+string, it is sufficient to just protect `git-receive-pack` itself,
+like:
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 <LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
@@ -91,6 +114,15 @@ require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
 </LocationMatch>
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
+In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
+client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
+than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
+the `http.receivepack` config option in any repositories that should
+accept a push. The default behavior, if `http.receivepack` is not set,
+is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
+will therefore report `403 Forbidden` to the client, without even giving
+an opportunity for authentication.
++
 To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
 +
@@ -158,6 +190,54 @@ ScriptAliasMatch \
 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Lighttpd::
+	Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are
+	loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect
+	all requests to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
+	cgi.assign = ("" => "")
+	setenv.add-environment = (
+		"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
+		"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
+	)
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where `git-auth.conf` looks something like:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+auth.require = (
+	"/" => (
+		"method" => "basic",
+		"realm" => "Git Access",
+		"require" => "valid-user"
+	       )
+)
+# ...and set up auth.backend here
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index 070cd1e6ed..21a33d2c41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-http-fetch(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.
 
 *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated.  The -a
 behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 39e6d0ddd8..7a4e055520 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
 builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
 together with the pack index can then be placed in the
-objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
 	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
 	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
-	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with
 	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
 	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
 	prevent a race condition between this process and
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ OPTIONS
 --strict::
 	Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Die if the pack contains broken links. For internal use only.
+
 --threads=<n>::
 	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving
 	deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search
 	window is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and use maximum 3 threads.
 
 
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ Note
 ----
 
 Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index a21e346789..648a6cd78a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init-db(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 9ac2bbaa56..afd721e3a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git`
+This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git`
 directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`,
 `refs/tags`, and template files.  An initial `HEAD` file that
 references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ DIRECTORY" section below.)
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 
 Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be,
-place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the
-specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The
-result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
+place a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link there, pointing to the
+specified path, and initialize a Git repository at the path. The
+result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
 is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified
 path.
 
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
-Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
 allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
 repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
 set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
-requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
 by umask(2).
 
 The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ The suggested patterns and hook files are all modifiable and extensible.
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
+Start a new Git repository for an existing code base::
 +
 ----------------
 $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 585dac40ba..34097efea7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-log - Show commit logs
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -24,13 +24,6 @@ each commit introduces are shown.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-<since>..<until>::
-	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
-	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
-	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
-	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
-	and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
 --follow::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).
@@ -47,6 +40,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
+--use-mailmap::
+	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
+	to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
 --full-diff::
 	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
@@ -59,25 +57,46 @@ produced by --stat etc.
 
 --log-size::
 	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
-	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
+	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to
 	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
 	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
 	its size is not included.
 
+-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L :<regex>:<file>::
+
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
 [\--] <path>...::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
 	that match the specified paths came to be.  See "History
 	Simplification" below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
 
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
-Common diff options
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
 -------------------
 
 :git-log: 1
@@ -85,7 +104,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 
 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
 
-Examples
+EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git log --no-merges`::
 
@@ -108,9 +127,9 @@ Examples
 	in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
 	each commit modifies.
 
-`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`::
+`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
 
-	Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+	Shows the commits that changed builtin/rev-list.c, including
 	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
 	present name.
 
@@ -133,15 +152,20 @@ Examples
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
 
+`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
+
+	Shows how the function `main()` in the file 'main.c' evolved
+	over time.
+
 `git log -3`::
 	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
 
-Discussion
+DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
-Configuration
+CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
@@ -167,7 +191,7 @@ log.showroot::
 	`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
 	The default is `true`.
 
-mailmap.file::
+mailmap.*::
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
 
 notes.displayRef::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 4b28292811..c0856a6e0a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
 
 --exclude-standard::
-	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
 
 --error-unmatch::
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ which case it outputs:
 'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.
 
-For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 774de5e9d9..2e22915eb8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	exit without talking to the remote.
 
 <repository>::
-	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
-	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
-	the local repository.
+	The "remote" repository to query.  This parameter can be
+	either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and
+	REMOTES sections of linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
 
 <refs>...::
 	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done
@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ EXAMPLES
 	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
 	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
 	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
-	b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb	refs/heads/rc
-	$ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public
-	$ git ls-remote --tags public v\*
+	$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
 	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
 	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
 	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
index 97e7a8e9e7..164a3c6ede 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-mailinfo - Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--[no-]scissors] <msg> <patch>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
index d7db2a3737..d2fc12ec77 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
 	[--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>]
-	<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
+	[--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ OPTIONS
 -q::
 	Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
 
+--diff3::
+	Show conflicts in "diff3" style.
+
 --ours::
 --theirs::
 --union::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index e0df1b3340..02676fb391 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
-entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+entries, passes the SHA-1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
 argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
 files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ If 'git merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
 processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
 code.
 
-Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of
 the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
 
 A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
 distribution.
 
-ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the
 RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
 original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
index c5f84b6495..58731c1942 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and
 conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
 what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
 results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index d34ea3c50b..a74c3713c6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ especially if those changes were further modified after the merge
 was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
 reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
 
-*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
-discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
+*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with non-trivial uncommitted changes is
+discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to
 back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
 
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ The 'git fmt-merge-msg' command can be
 used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
 invocations.
 
---rerere-autoupdate::
---no-rerere-autoupdate::
+--[no-]rerere-autoupdate::
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
@@ -170,6 +169,30 @@ happens:
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
 want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
+MERGING TAG
+-----------
+
+When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always
+creates a merge commit even if a fast-forward merge is possible, and
+the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
+Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported
+as a comment in the message template. See also linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit
+that happens to be tagged, e.g. synchronizing with an upstream
+release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
+
+In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it
+to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on
+your own. e.g.
+
+----
+git fetch origin
+git merge v1.2.3^0
+git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
+----
+
+
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -178,10 +201,10 @@ of the merge.  Among the changes made to the common ancestor's version,
 non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
 other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
 final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
-however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
 resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
 
-By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
+By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
 from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
index f98a41b87c..055550b2bc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-mergetool{litdd}lib(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
-with git merge tools.
+with Git merge tools.
 
 Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
 to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
index 6b563c500f..07137f252b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-mergetool - Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>...]
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 65e167a5c5..3ca158b05e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ A tag signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
   tagger <tagger>
 
 followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
-by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+by older Git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
 exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
-message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't
 care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index e3c8448614..b1f79881ef 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
+Move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
 
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> <destination>
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -k::
         Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
 	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
-        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+	controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing
         file unless '-f' is given.
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ OPTIONS
 --verbose::
 	Report the names of files as they are moved.
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Moving a submodule using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will update the gitfile and
+core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location.
+It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in
+the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used).
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
index ad1d1468c9..ca28fb8e2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
-	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... )
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits
 
 --refs=<pattern>::
-	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.
+	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.  The pattern
+	can be one of branch name, tag name or fully qualified ref name.
 
 --all::
 	List all commits reachable from all refs
 
 --stdin::
-	Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable
-	commits, and pass to stdout
+	Transform stdin by substituting all the 40-character SHA-1
+	hexes (say $hex) with "$hex ($rev_name)".  When used with
+	--name-only, substitute with "$rev_name", omitting $hex
+	altogether.  Intended for the scripter's use.
 
 --name-only::
 	Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index beff6229c8..8cba16d67f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
-using git.
+using Git.
 
-Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using
+Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using
 'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths.  Incorporate
 new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'.  The 'sync' command
 is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
-Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
+Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
 'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
 the updated p4 remote branch.
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ EXAMPLE
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 
-* Do some work in the newly created git repository:
+* Do some work in the newly created Git repository:
 +
 ------------
 $ cd project
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ $ vi foo.h
 $ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
 ------------
 
-* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
+* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
   work on top:
 +
 ------------
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ COMMANDS
 
 Clone
 ~~~~~
-Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory
+Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory
 from an existing p4 repository:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 This:
 
-1.   Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
+1.   Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
 +
 2.   Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
-depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
+depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
 +
 3.   Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
 
-To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on
+To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on
 the depot path:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
 Sync
 ~~~~
 As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
-be included in the git repository using:
+be included in the Git repository using:
 ------------
 $ git p4 sync
 ------------
-This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.
+This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.
 
-P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using
+P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using
 'git p4 sync' too:
 ------------
 $ mkdir repo-git
@@ -103,14 +103,19 @@ $ git init
 $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
 ------------
 This imports the specified depot into
-'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository.  The
+'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository.  The
 '--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
 be used for the p4 content.
 
-If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
+If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
 will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'.  Since
 importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
-from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+
+If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically
+use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes
+into the right branch.  This can be overridden with the '--branch'
+option to specify just a single branch to update.
 
 
 Rebase
@@ -127,13 +132,13 @@ $ git p4 rebase
 
 Submit
 ~~~~~~
-Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository
+Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository
 requires a separate p4 client workspace.  This should be specified
-using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration
+using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the Git configuration
 variable 'git-p4.client'.  The p4 client must exist, but the client root
 will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
 
-To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
+To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in
 the 'p4/master' branch, use:
 ------------
 $ git p4 submit
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@ be overridden using the '--origin=' command-line option.
 
 The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
 '--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
-according to the author of the git commit.  This option requires admin
+according to the author of the Git commit.  This option requires admin
 privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
 
 
@@ -171,14 +176,19 @@ Sync options
 These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in
 subsequent 'sync' operations.
 
---branch <branch>::
-	Import changes into given branch.  If the branch starts with
-	'refs/', it will be used as is, otherwise the path 'refs/heads/'
-	will be prepended.  The default branch is 'master'.  If used
-	with an initial clone, no HEAD will be checked out.
+--branch <ref>::
+	Import changes into <ref> instead of refs/remotes/p4/master.
+	If <ref> starts with refs/, it is used as is.  Otherwise, if
+	it does not start with p4/, that prefix is added.
++
+By default a <ref> not starting with refs/ is treated as the
+name of a remote-tracking branch (under refs/remotes/).  This
+behavior can be modified using the --import-local option.
++
+The default <ref> is "master".
 +
 This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
-git repository:
+Git repository:
 +
 ----
     $ git init
@@ -199,11 +209,11 @@ git repository:
 
 --detect-labels::
 	Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
-	them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
+	them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
 	associated with new changelists. Deprecated.
 
 --import-labels::
-	Import labels from p4 into git.
+	Import labels from p4 into Git.
 
 --import-local::
 	By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
@@ -219,12 +229,12 @@ git repository:
 	specifier.
 
 --keep-path::
-	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by
+	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by
 	default, involves removing the entire depot path.  With this
-	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git.  For example,
+	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git.  For example,
 	path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
 	'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'.  With '--keep-path', the
-	git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
+	Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
 
 --use-client-spec::
 	Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
@@ -236,7 +246,7 @@ These options can be used in an initial 'clone', along with the 'sync'
 options described above.
 
 --destination <directory>::
-	Where to create the git repository.  If not provided, the last
+	Where to create the Git repository.  If not provided, the last
 	component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
 	directory.
 
@@ -266,12 +276,12 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
 	requires p4 admin privileges.
 
 --export-labels::
-	Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied
+	Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied
 	to the perforce working directory.
 
 --dry-run, -n::
 	Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change
-	state in git or p4.
+	state in Git or p4.
 
 --prepare-p4-only::
 	Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting
@@ -287,6 +297,11 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
 	to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically
 	skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting.
 
+--branch <branch>::
+	After submitting, sync this named branch instead of the default
+	p4/master.  See the "Sync options" section above for more
+	information.
+
 Rebase options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
@@ -312,12 +327,12 @@ p4 revision specifier on the end:
 "//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
     Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
     repository.  Only files below these directories are included.
-    There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
+    There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
     You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
     than one depot path.  The revision specifier must be specified
     identically on each depot path.  If there are files in the
     depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
-    updated version of the file is the one that appears in git.
+    updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git.
 
 See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
 
@@ -334,11 +349,11 @@ configuration file.  This allows future 'git p4 submit' commands to
 work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does
 not have a command-line option.
 
-The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'Git p4'
+The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'git p4'
 knows only a subset of the view syntax.  It understands multi-line
 mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
 around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles
-'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'Git p4' will complain
+'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'git p4' will complain
 if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
 
 Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist.  If multiple depot
@@ -354,7 +369,7 @@ variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name.
 
 BRANCH DETECTION
 ----------------
-P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git.  Instead,
+P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git.  Instead,
 p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
 different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
 The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
@@ -364,7 +379,7 @@ can use these mappings to determine branch relationships.
 If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
 subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
 when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
-subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.
+subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.
 
 For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
 ----
@@ -386,7 +401,7 @@ called 'master', and one for //depot/branch1 called 'depot/branch1'.
 
 However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
 them like branches.  Because it is difficult to infer branch
-relationships automatically, a git configuration setting
+relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting
 'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
 relationships.  It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
 simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
@@ -394,15 +409,17 @@ the path elements in the p4 repository.  The example above relied on the
 presence of the p4 branch.  Without p4 branches, the same result will
 occur with:
 ----
+git init depot
+cd depot
 git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
-git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all .
 ----
 
 
 PERFORMANCE
 -----------
 The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
-each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, git garbage compression
+each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, Git garbage compression
 (linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
 but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
 
@@ -440,9 +457,9 @@ git-p4.client::
 Clone and sync variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
-	Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster
+	Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster
 	than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
-	first in git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
+	first in Git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
 	those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4.  This
 	variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
 
@@ -494,7 +511,7 @@ git-p4.detectCopiesHarder::
 	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  A boolean.
 
 git-p4.preserveUser::
-	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author,
+	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author,
 	regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
 
 git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
@@ -531,7 +548,7 @@ git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup::
 	present.
 
 git-p4.exportLabels::
-	Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
+	Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
 
 git-p4.labelExportRegexp::
 	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The
@@ -543,11 +560,11 @@ git-p4.conflict::
 
 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
 ----------------------
-* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import.
+* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import.
 * Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
   collected using 'p4 print'.
 * Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
-  as the git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
+  as the Git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
   this p4 client and submitted from there.
 * Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
   message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index 20c8551d6a..d94edcd4b4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
-enables git to read from the pack archive.
+enables Git to read from the pack archive.
 
 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ base-name::
 	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
-	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
+	<base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA-1> is a hash
 	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
 	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
 	output of the command.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ base-name::
 --include-tag::
 	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
-	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+	can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ base-name::
 	option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 +
 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
-required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
+required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
 
 --delta-base-offset::
 	A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 	either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
-	stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the
+	stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
 	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
 	former format for better compatibility.  This option
 	allows the command to use the latter format for
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 +
 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
-in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
+in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 
 --threads=<n>::
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 	however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
index f131677478..154081f2de 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
 `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
 
 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
-refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
-occasionally run `git pack-refs --prune`.  Tags are by
+refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and
+occasionally run `git pack-refs`.  Tags are by
 definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
 heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
index 90268f02e7..312c3b1fe5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA-1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
 whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
 the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
 ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
index 80d01b0571..bf824108c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ borrows from your repository via its
 `.git/objects/info/alternates`:
 
 ------------
-$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
+$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all)
 ------------
 
 Notes
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index 67fa5ee195..beea10b148 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-pull(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
+git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
 are presented and handled.
 
-In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
-`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
+In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
+`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
 	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
 	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 	That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
-	commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
+	commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
 	merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
 	has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
 	merge result.
@@ -102,12 +102,18 @@ include::merge-options.txt[]
 :git-pull: 1
 
 -r::
---rebase::
-	Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
-	fetching.  If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
-	the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
-	fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
-	non-local changes.
+--rebase[=false|true|preserve]::
+	When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+	branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
+	corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
+	was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+	to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
++
+When preserve, also rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+branch, but pass `--preserve-merges` along to `git rebase` so that
+locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
++
+When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
 +
 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
@@ -218,7 +224,7 @@ $ git merge origin/next
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 
 
@@ -228,7 +234,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index 8b637d339f..9eec740910 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
 	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
-	   [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+	   [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]]
+	   [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +24,17 @@ You can make interesting things happen to a repository
 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
 
+When the command line does not specify where to push with the
+`<repository>` argument, `branch.*.remote` configuration for the
+current branch is consulted to determine where to push.  If the
+configuration is missing, it defaults to 'origin'.
+
+When the command line does not specify what to push with `<refspec>...`
+arguments or `--all`, `--mirror`, `--tags` options, the command finds
+the default `<refspec>` by consulting `remote.*.push` configuration,
+and if it is not found, honors `push.default` configuration to decide
+what to push (See gitlink:git-config[1] for the meaning of `push.default`).
+
 
 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 ------------------
@@ -33,13 +45,10 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
 
 <refspec>...::
+	Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
 	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	`+`, followed by the source object <src>, followed
 	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
-	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
-	in the remote repository is to be updated.  If not specified,
-	the behavior of the command is controlled by the `push.default`
-	configuration variable.
 +
 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
@@ -51,10 +60,11 @@ be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
 updated.
 +
 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
-on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
-update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`,
-you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
-fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+on the remote side.  By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not
+a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward
+<dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update
+the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a
+fast-forward.)  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
 EXAMPLES below for details.
 +
 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -63,12 +73,9 @@ Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
 the remote repository.
 +
 The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
-already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
-if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
-nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below) and
-no `push.default` configuration variable is set.
+already exists on the remote side.
 
 --all::
 	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
@@ -111,6 +118,12 @@ no `push.default` configuration variable is set.
 	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
 	line.
 
+--follow-tags::
+	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
+	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
+	from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
+	reachable from the refs being pushed.
+
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
 	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
@@ -118,12 +131,75 @@ no `push.default` configuration variable is set.
 	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
 	a directory on the default $PATH.
 
+--[no-]force-with-lease::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>::
+	Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is
+	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
++
+This option bypasses the check, but instead requires that the
+current value of the ref to be the expected value.  "git push"
+fails otherwise.
++
+Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
+You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
+replace the history you originally published with the rebased history.
+If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
+rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her
+commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work.
++
+This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
+updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
+still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
+other people did anything to the ref (it is like taking a "lease" on
+the ref without explicitly locking it, and you update the ref while
+making sure that your earlier "lease" is still valid).
++
+`--force-with-lease` alone, without specifying the details, will protect
+all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their
+current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
+for them, unless specified with a `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+option that explicitly states what the expected value is.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will
+protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
+requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
+branch we have for it.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone),
+if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
+the same as the specified value <expect> (which is allowed to be
+different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
+or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
+this form is used).
++
+Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
+still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
+with this feature.
++
+"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
+command line.
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
 	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
-	This flag disables the check.  This can cause the
-	remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
+	Also, when `--force-with-lease` option is used, the command refuses
+	to update a remote ref whose current value does not match
+	what is expected.
++
+This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
+to lose commits; use it with care.
++
+Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
+using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push
+destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs
+other than the current branch (including local refs that are
+strictly behind their remote counterpart).  To force a push to only
+one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push
+origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the
+`<refspec>...` section above for details.
 
 --repo=<repository>::
 	This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
@@ -150,8 +226,7 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
 	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---thin::
---no-thin::
+--[no-]thin::
 	These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
 	significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
 	receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
@@ -176,7 +251,7 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand::
 	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
 	pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is
-	used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
+	used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
 	the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
 	of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
 	aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used
@@ -184,6 +259,11 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 	be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary
 	revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
 
+--[no-]verify::
+	Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]).  The
+	default is \--verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
+	push.  With \--no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.
+
 
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
@@ -191,7 +271,7 @@ OUTPUT
 ------
 
 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
-section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
 locally or via ssh).
 
 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
index 7f112f3dcd..a356196586 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving
 the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
 in the quilt patchset.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ the patch description is displayed and the user is asked to
 interactively enter the author of the patch.
 
 If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
-preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index da067ecafa..94e07fdab5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
 In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
 and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
 the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
-file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved,
 typically this would be done with
 
 
@@ -208,6 +208,9 @@ rebase.stat::
 rebase.autosquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autostash::
+	If set to true enable '--autostash' option by default.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --onto <newbase>::
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ You may find this (or --no-ff with an interactive rebase) helpful after
 reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with
 fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert
 the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -386,7 +389,9 @@ squash/fixup series.
 	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
 	so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
 	commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
-	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).  Ignores subsequent
+	"fixup! " or "squash! " after the first, in case you referred to an
+	earlier fixup/squash with `git commit --fixup/--squash`.
 +
 This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
 +
@@ -394,6 +399,13 @@ If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the
 configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
 used to override and disable this setting.
 
+--[no-]autostash::
+	Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation
+	begins, and apply it after the operation ends.  This means
+	that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.  However, use
+	with care: the final stash application after a successful
+	rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+
 --no-ff::
 	With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
 	fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones.  This ensures that the
@@ -404,7 +416,7 @@ Without --interactive, this is a synonym for --force-rebase.
 You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option
 recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged
 successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 7fe2d2247b..70791b9fd8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The reflog will cover all recent actions (HEAD reflog records branch switching
 as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
 see linkgit:git-log[1].
 
-The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
+The reflog is useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value
 of a reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be
 two moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to
 point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for
@@ -67,14 +67,19 @@ them.
 --expire=<time>::
 	Entries older than this time are pruned.  Without the
 	option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`,
-	which in turn defaults to 90 days.
+	which in turn defaults to 90 days.  --expire=all prunes
+	entries regardless of their age; --expire=never turns off
+	pruning of reachable entries (but see --expire-unreachable).
 
 --expire-unreachable=<time>::
 	Entries older than this time and not reachable from
 	the current tip of the branch are pruned.  Without the
 	option it is taken from configuration
 	`gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to
-	30 days.
+	30 days.  --expire-unreachable=all prunes unreachable
+	entries regardless of their age; --expire-unreachable=never
+	turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see
+	--expire).
 
 --all::
 	Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
index 8a8e1d775d..8cfc748ae2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ git remote add <nick> "ext::<command>[ <arguments>...]"
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect
-to a remote git server.
+to a remote Git server.
 
 Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed
 to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ The following sequences have a special meaning:
 
 '%s'::
 	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
-	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+	upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%S'::
 	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
 	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
-	git wants to invoke.
+	Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument)::
 	This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX::
 
 EXAMPLES:
 ---------
-This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+This remote helper is transparently used by Git when
 you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
 , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL>
 begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	edit .ssh/config.
 
 "ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
-	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessible over
 	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
 	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
 	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
 	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
 	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
 	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list
 <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
index f095d57d09..933c2adaf6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server.
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server.
 This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
 fetch, push or archive.
 
 If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected
-to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
 git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
-to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
 and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
 
 It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49233f5d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+git-remote-helpers
+==================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
index 2a67d456a3..f791d73c05 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
 show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
 
 The best way to learn more is to read the comments and source code in
-'git-remote-testgit.py'.
+'git-remote-testgit'.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1]
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index e8c396b5f9..9c3e3bf83a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
-'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
 'git remote rename' <old> <new>
 'git remote remove' <name>
 'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
 'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
-'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
-'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>...
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>...
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -187,18 +187,25 @@ Examples
 $ git remote
 origin
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
 $ git remote
-linux-nfs
 origin
-$ git fetch
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+staging
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-linux-nfs/master
-$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
+$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
 ...
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 51131d0858..f373ab48d4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -16,13 +16,19 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace.
 
-The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
-replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the
 replacement object.
 
+The replaced object and the replacement object must be of the same type.
+This restriction can be bypassed using `-f`.
+
 Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist.
 
-Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+There is no other restriction on the replaced and replacement objects.
+Merge commits can be replaced by non-merge commits and vice versa.
+
+Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands
 except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
 fsck).
 
@@ -49,18 +55,34 @@ achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -f::
+--force::
 	If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
 	be overwritten (instead of failing).
 
 -d::
+--delete::
 	Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
 
 -l <pattern>::
+--list <pattern>::
 	List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
 	all if no pattern is given).
 	Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
 	refs.
 
+CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS
+----------------------------
+
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and
+linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create
+replacement objects from existing objects.
+
+If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a
+string of commits, you may just want to create a replacement string of
+commits and then only replace the commit at the tip of the target
+string of commits with the commit at the tip of the replacement string
+of commits.
+
 BUGS
 ----
 Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
@@ -69,12 +91,13 @@ go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
 commit instead of the replaced commit.
 
 There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
-pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
-type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
-replaced by a commit).
+pending objects.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1]
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 linkgit:git-tag[1]
 linkgit:git-branch[1]
 linkgit:git[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 978d8da50c..f445cb38fa 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
+In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
-modifying index and working tree to match.  The <commit> defaults to HEAD
-in all forms.
+modifying index and working tree to match.  The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
+to HEAD in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
 	This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
-	state at <commit>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
+	state at <tree-ish>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
 	the current branch.)
 +
 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ Alternatively, using linkgit:git-checkout[1] and specifying a commit, you
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
-	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
 +
 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 38fafcaa6b..045b37b82e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [ \--right-only ]
 	     [ \--cherry-mark ]
 	     [ \--cherry-pick ]
-	     [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
+	     [ \--encoding=<encoding> ]
 	     [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
 	     [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
 	     [ \--extended-regexp | -E ]
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
 	$ git rev-list A...B
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
 used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 3c63561f02..d068a65377 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
@@ -24,9 +24,23 @@ distinguish between them.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
 --parseopt::
 	Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
 
+--sq-quote::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --keep-dashdash::
 	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
 	out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
@@ -36,10 +50,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
 	that take options themselves.
 
---sq-quote::
-	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
-	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
-	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --revs-only::
 	Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
@@ -55,13 +67,43 @@ OPTIONS
 --no-flags::
 	Do not output flag parameters.
 
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --default <arg>::
 	If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
 	instead.
 
+--prefix <arg>::
+	Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+	subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
+	resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+	in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository.  For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
+----
+
 --verify::
-	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
-	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+	Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+	can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+	access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+	output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -83,8 +125,19 @@ OPTIONS
 	strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
 	one.
 
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
+	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
 --symbolic::
-	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 	form as close to the original input as possible.
 
@@ -96,16 +149,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
 	refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
 
---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
-	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
-	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
-	abbreviation mode.
-
---disambiguate=<prefix>::
-	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
-	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
-	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
-	mistake.
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --all::
 	Show all refs found in `refs/`.
@@ -128,18 +173,20 @@ shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
 	character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
 	match by appending `/*`.
 
---show-toplevel::
-	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+	mistake.
 
---show-prefix::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
-	directory.
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---show-cdup::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
-	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+--local-env-vars::
+	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+	even if they are set.
 
 --git-dir::
 	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
@@ -147,7 +194,7 @@ shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
 	relative to the current working directory.
 +
 If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
-is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
 --is-inside-git-dir::
@@ -161,17 +208,27 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 --is-bare-repository::
 	When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
 
---local-env-vars::
-	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
-	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
-	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
-	even if they are set.
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+	Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+	points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+	repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+	to the real repository is printed.
 
---short::
---short=number::
-	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
-	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
-	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+--show-cdup::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+	directory.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --since=datestring::
 --after=datestring::
@@ -186,10 +243,6 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 <args>...::
 	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 
---resolve-git-dir <path>::
-	Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid
-	git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will
-	be printed.
 
 include::revisions.txt[]
 
@@ -306,12 +359,12 @@ $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 +
 ------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 ------------
 +
 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
 +
 ------------
 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
index 70152e8b1e..2de67a5496 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-revert - Revert some existing commits
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
+'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
 'git revert' --continue
 'git revert' --quit
 'git revert' --abort
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ brought in by the merge.  As a result, later merges will only bring in tree
 changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously
 reverted merge.  This may or may not be what you want.
 +
-See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
+See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
 more details.
 
 --no-edit::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 262436b7b1..9d731b453d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 <file>...::
 	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
 	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
 	A leading directory name
 	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ DISCUSSION
 
 The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
 file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
 
 File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
 two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
@@ -134,14 +134,16 @@ use the following command:
 git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
 ----------------
 
-Submodules
-~~~~~~~~~~
+SUBMODULES
+----------
 Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
-with a git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
 tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
 superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
 still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
-or not - to protect the submodule's history.
+or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the
+submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also
+be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used).
 
 A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
 recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
@@ -149,6 +151,10 @@ files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
 Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
 tree from being removed.
 
+If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your
+work tree without committing the removal,
+use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git rm Documentation/\*.txt`::
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
 +
 Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
-example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
 of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 
 `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index eeb561cf14..f0e57a597b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ Composing
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 --annotate::
-	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
-	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
+	of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
+	'sendemail.multiedit'.
 
 --bcc=<address>::
 	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
-(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
 +
 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
@@ -164,8 +165,8 @@ Sending
 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
-specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
-user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
+a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
@@ -197,6 +198,12 @@ must be used for each option.
 --smtp-ssl::
 	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
 
+--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
+	Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath'
+	configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise.
+
 --smtp-user=<user>::
 	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
 	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
index bd3eaa69bf..dc3a568baa 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-send-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
index 5e5f1c8964..5d709d02c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-sh-setup(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
-the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.
 
 Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
 `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ get_author_ident_from_commit::
 	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
 
+create_virtual_base::
+	modifies the first file so only lines in common with the
+	second file remain. If there is insufficient common material,
+	then the first file is left empty. The result is suitable
+	as a virtual base input for a 3-way merge.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 9b9250600f..c35051ba58 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -9,25 +9,81 @@ git-shell - Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
+'chsh' -s $(command -v git-shell) <user>
+'git clone' <user>`@localhost:/path/to/repo.git`
+'ssh' <user>`@localhost`
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
-'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
-<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
-upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
-is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
-case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
-invoked.
+This is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
+It permits execution only of server-side Git commands implementing the
+pull/push functionality, plus custom commands present in a subdirectory
+named `git-shell-commands` in the user's home directory.
 
-'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+'git shell' accepts the following commands after the '-c' option:
+
+'git receive-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-archive <argument>'::
+	Call the corresponding server-side command to support
+	the client's 'git push', 'git fetch', or 'git archive --remote'
+	request.
+'cvs server'::
+	Imitate a CVS server.  See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell' will
+also handle other, custom commands by running
+"`git-shell-commands/<command> <arguments>`" from the user's home
+directory.
+
+INTERACTIVE USE
+---------------
+
+By default, the commands above can be executed only with the '-c'
+option; the shell is not interactive.
 
-COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
-read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
-programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
-<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell'
+can also be run interactively (with no arguments).  If a `help`
+command is present in the `git-shell-commands` directory, it is
+run to provide the user with an overview of allowed actions.  Then a
+"git> " prompt is presented at which one can enter any of the
+commands from the `git-shell-commands` directory, or `exit` to close
+the connection.
+
+Generally this mode is used as an administrative interface to allow
+users to list repositories they have access to, create, delete, or
+rename repositories, or change repository descriptions and
+permissions.
+
+If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the
+interactive shell is aborted.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead:
++
+----------------
+$ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell
+$ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands
+$ cat >$HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s\n' "Hi $USER! You've successfully authenticated, but I do not"
+printf '%s\n' "provide interactive shell access."
+exit 128
+EOF
+$ chmod +x $HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login
+----------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+ssh(1),
+linkgit:git-daemon[1],
+contrib/git-shell-commands/README
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index afeb4cdf16..31af7f2736 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ git-shortlog - Summarize 'git log' output
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
-'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [<options>]
+'git shortlog' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@ reference to the current repository.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--h::
---help::
-	Print a short usage message and exit.
-
 -n::
 --numbered::
 	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
@@ -56,7 +52,25 @@ OPTIONS
 	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
 	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
 	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
-
++
+If width is `0` (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping
+them.
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files
+	that match the specified paths came to be.
++
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index a8e77b5350..a515648ab0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <rev>::
-	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
+	Arbitrary extended SHA-1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
 	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
 
 <glob>::
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ displayed, indented N places.  If a commit is on the I-th
 branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
 otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
 a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
-can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+can be used as an extended SHA-1 to name that commit.
 
 The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
 and "mhf":
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 2dcbbb2454..fbdc8adae5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with
 'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
 
 The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
 'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
-offset and SHA1 of each object.
+offset and SHA-1 of each object.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
index 5dbcd47fec..b0a309b117 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be
 dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
 particular ref exists.
 
+By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs.
+
 The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the
 refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository.
 
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --head::
 
-	Show the HEAD reference.
+	Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out.
 
 --tags::
 --heads::
 
-	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
-	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
-	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+	Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These options
+	are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in
+	"refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
 
 -d::
 --dereference::
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ OPTIONS
 -s::
 --hash[=<n>]::
 
-	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
-	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+	Only show the SHA-1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA-1.
 
 --verify::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt
index ae4edcccfb..4e617e6979 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[]
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
+-------------------
+
+:git-log: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 711ffe17a7..db7e803038 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
+'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]]
 'git stash' clear
-'git stash' create
+'git stash' create [<message>]
+'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -151,7 +152,15 @@ create::
 
 	Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its
 	object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace.
+	This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is probably not
+	the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
+store::
+
+	Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a
+	dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
+	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
+	probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 9f1ef9a463..a4acaa038c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
 current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
 tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
-tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
 are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
 third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
 `git commit`.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --porcelain::
 	Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
 	This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable
-	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
+	across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
 --long::
@@ -46,15 +46,21 @@ OPTIONS
 	Show untracked files.
 +
 The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
-specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
-default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
+specify the handling of untracked files.
 +
 The possible options are:
 +
-	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
-	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
 +
+When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
+shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
+forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
+to find untracked files in the filesystem, this mode may take some
+time in a large working tree.  You can use `no` to have `git status`
+return more quickly without showing untracked files.
++
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ The default, long format, is designed to be human readable,
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
 
-The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are
 made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
 subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
 the status.relativePaths config option below.
@@ -168,7 +174,7 @@ Porcelain Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed
-not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or
+not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or
 based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts.
 The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain
 format, with a few exceptions:
@@ -204,7 +210,13 @@ directory.
 If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
 to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for
 the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be
-shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+that the summary output from the status command will be suppressed for all
+submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those
+submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for
+ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command
+line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar
+output but does not honor these settings.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
index a80d94650d..c87bfcb674 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit
+Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit
 messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.
 
 With no arguments, this will:
@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -s::
 --strip-comments::
-	Skip and remove all lines starting with '#'.
+	Skip and remove all lines starting with comment character (default '#').
+
+-c::
+--comment-lines::
+	Prepend comment character and blank to each line. Lines will automatically
+	be terminated with a newline. On empty lines, only the comment character
+	will be prepended.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index b1de3bade7..bfef8a0c62 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
+	      [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>]
+	      [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
 	      [commit] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@ argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
 to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
 "humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
 "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
+The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
+configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
 +
 <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
 This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ working directory is used instead.
 <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
 exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
 submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
-exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
 to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
 to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
 the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
@@ -122,8 +126,10 @@ linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
 too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
 
 init::
-	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
-	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
+	added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
+	names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
+	Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
 	It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
 	.git/config.
 	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
@@ -134,13 +140,28 @@ init::
 	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
 	any submodule locations.
 
+deinit::
+	Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
+	`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
+	tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
+	and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
+	they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
+	have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
+	you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
+	that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
+it contains local modifications.
+
 update::
 	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
 	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
 	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or
 	`--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
 	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying
-	`--checkout`.
+	`--checkout`. Setting the key `submodule.$name.update` to `!command`
+	will cause `command` to be run. `command` can be any arbitrary shell
+	command that takes a single argument, namely the sha1 to update to.
 +
 If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
 setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
@@ -208,11 +229,15 @@ OPTIONS
 -b::
 --branch::
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+	The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in
+	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	This option is only valid for add and update commands.
+	This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
 	When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
+	When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
+	they contain local changes.
 	When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
 	switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation
 	in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
@@ -236,6 +261,27 @@ OPTIONS
 	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
 	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
 
+--remote::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
+	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
+	status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
+	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
+	precedence).
++
+This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
+`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
+For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
+submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
+--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
++
+In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
+fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
+SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
+--remote --no-fetch`.
+
 -N::
 --no-fetch::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
@@ -284,6 +330,12 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.
 	only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
 	in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
 
+--depth::
+	This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
+	clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
+	See linkgit:git-clone[1]
+
+
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 69decb13b0..4dd3bcb511 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-svn(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
-It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git
 repository.
 
 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ following the common "trunk/branches/tags" layout, with the --stdlayout option.
 It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
 (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
 
-Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git
 repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
-Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
 'init'::
-	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	Initializes an empty Git repository with additional
 	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
 	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
 	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ COMMANDS
 	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
 	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
 	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--include-paths'.
 --no-minimize-url;;
 	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
 	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
@@ -146,6 +150,14 @@ Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;;
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause the inclusion of only matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--include-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository. '--ignore-paths' takes
+	precedence over '--include-paths'.
+
 --log-window-size=<n>;;
     Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
     The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
@@ -199,9 +211,9 @@ and have no uncommitted changes.
 	Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN
 	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
 	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
-	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in Git.
 +
-When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name)
+When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name)
 is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified
 branch, not on the current branch.
 +
@@ -244,8 +256,8 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	For each patch, one may answer "yes" (accept this patch), "no" (discard this
 	patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit".
 	+
-	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without
-	commiting anything to SVN.
+       'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer is "no" or "quit", without
+	committing anything to SVN.
 
 'branch'::
 	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
@@ -259,13 +271,15 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
 	specified during git svn init.
 
--d;;
---destination;;
+-d<path>;;
+--destination=<path>;;
+
 	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
 	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
-	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
-	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
-	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  <path> specifies which
+	path to use to create the branch or tag and should match the pattern
+	on the left-hand side of one of the configured branches or tags
+	refspecs.  You can see these refspecs with the commands
 +
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
@@ -286,6 +300,11 @@ where <name> is the name of the SVN repository as specified by the -R option to
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 +
 
+--parents;;
+	Create parent folders. This parameter is equivalent to the parameter
+	--parents on svn cp commands and is useful for non-standard repository
+	layouts.
+
 'tag'::
 	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
 	'branch -t'.
@@ -316,7 +335,7 @@ New features:
 +
 --
 --show-commit;;
-	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+	shows the Git commit sha1, as well
 --oneline;;
 	our version of --pretty=oneline
 --
@@ -337,15 +356,25 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 +
 --git-format;;
 	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
-	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode,
 	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
 	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
 
 'find-rev'::
 	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
-	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
 	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
 	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
++
+--before;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision, instead find
+	the commit corresponding to the state of the SVN repository (on the
+	current branch) at the specified revision.
++
+--after;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision; if there is
+	not an exact match return the closest match searching forward in the
+	history.
 
 'set-tree'::
 	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
@@ -368,7 +397,7 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
 'mkdirs'::
-	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track
 	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
 	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
 	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
@@ -500,9 +529,9 @@ order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
 +
 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
 behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  Git
 cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-the commit to SVN act like git.
+the commit to SVN act like Git.
 +
 [verse]
 config key: svn.rmdir
@@ -589,7 +618,7 @@ Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
 	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
 	'tag' commands.
 +
-For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show
 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
 +
 For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
@@ -600,14 +629,14 @@ For 'branch' and 'tag', display the urls that will be used for copying when
 creating the branch or tag.
 
 --use-log-author::
-	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
+	When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
 	'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line
 	in the log message and use that as the author string.
 --add-author-from::
-	When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
+	When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
 	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
 	`From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the
-	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
+	Git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
 	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
 
 
@@ -632,7 +661,7 @@ ADVANCED OPTIONS
 	one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags,
 	--branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find
 	out where its revision was copied from, and set
-	a suitable parent in the first git commit for the branch.
+	a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch.
 	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
 	that has been moved around within the repository.  If this
 	feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all
@@ -664,7 +693,7 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git
+reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
 and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
 linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
 reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
@@ -704,7 +733,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.rewriteUUID::
 
 svn-remote.<name>.pushurl::
 
-	Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
+	Similar to Git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
 	to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository
 	via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write
 	transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same
@@ -758,15 +787,15 @@ Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project
 	cd trunk
 # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
 	git branch
-# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+# Do some work and commit locally to Git:
 	git commit ...
 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
 # latest changes in SVN:
 	git svn rebase
-# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN,
 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
 	git svn dcommit
-# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file:
 	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -806,7 +835,7 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
 	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
 	git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
 	git fetch
-# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future,
+# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future,
 # we only want to use git svn for future updates
 	git config --remove-section remote.origin
 # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
@@ -839,14 +868,14 @@ While 'git svn' can track
 copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
 standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
 inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
-users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease
 compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
 
 HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES
 ------------------------
 If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches
-is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple git branches for one
-SVN branch, where the addtional branches have names of the form
+is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one
+SVN branch, where the additional branches have names of the form
 'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number).  These additional
 branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the
 first commit in an SVN branch, to connect the branch to the history of
@@ -855,17 +884,17 @@ the other branches.
 Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists
 of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN
 revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the
-git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
+Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
 parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable
-git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
+Git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
 if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git
 svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with
 '--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked
 by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a
 subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still
-create a git branch, but instead of using an existing git commit as the
+create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the
 parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the
-branch was copied from and create appropriate git commits.  This is
+branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits.  This is
 indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".
 
 Additionally, it will create a special branch named
@@ -875,15 +904,15 @@ created parent commit of the branch.  If in SVN the branch was deleted
 and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple
 such branches with an '@'.
 
-Note that this may mean that multiple git commits are created for a
+Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a
 single SVN revision.
 
 An example: in an SVN repository with a standard
 trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100.
 In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn
-clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new git
+clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git
 commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch
-'sub'. Thus there will be two git commits for each revision from r.100
+'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100
 to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally,
 it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of
 branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).
@@ -894,13 +923,13 @@ CAVEATS
 For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion,
 it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
 directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
-operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
-method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+operations between Git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is
 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
 
 Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
 plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any
-merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch
 that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
 branch.
 
@@ -919,7 +948,7 @@ any 'git svn' metadata, or config.  So repositories created and managed with
 using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
 at all.
 
-Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to
 before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
 on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
 see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
@@ -931,7 +960,7 @@ dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
 
 When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing
 the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches,
---stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a git repository with
+--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with
 completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate
 directories in the working copy.  While this is the easiest way to get a
 copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will
@@ -947,7 +976,7 @@ branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' /
 When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
 handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
 the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
-use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
 the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
 different name spaces.  For example:
 
@@ -960,12 +989,12 @@ BUGS
 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
 
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
 tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
 renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for git to detect them.
+for Git to detect them.
 
 In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
 (because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
@@ -977,7 +1006,7 @@ CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
-repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core Git
 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
 and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
@@ -1010,6 +1039,25 @@ comma-separated list of names within braces. For example:
 	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "messy-repo"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	fetch = branches/demos/june-project-a-demo:refs/remotes/project-a/demos/june-demo
+	branches = branches/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/demos/2011/*:refs/remotes/project-a/2011-demos/*
+	tags = tags/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Creating a branch in such a configuration requires disambiguating which
+location to use using the -d or --destination flag:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
 or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
 fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 6470cffd32..c418c44d40 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ in the tag message.
 If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
 are absent, `-a` is implied.
 
-Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
 created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
 
 A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
@@ -42,6 +42,17 @@ committer identity for the current user is used to find the
 GnuPG key for signing. 	The configuration variable `gpg.program`
 is used to specify custom GnuPG binary.
 
+Tag objects (created with `-a`, `s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated"
+tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a
+tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a
+"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit
+object).
+
+Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant
+for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git
+commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore
+lightweight tags by default.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -126,6 +137,12 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
 
+<commit>::
+<object>::
+	The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
+	Defaults to HEAD.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
@@ -242,7 +259,7 @@ $ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
 In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
 person's tags.
 
-One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which
+One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
 largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
 "downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
 example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
index a96403cb8c..78a0d955ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tools.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-A short git tools survey
+A short Git tools survey
 ========================
 
 
 Introduction
 ------------
 
-Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
+Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
 you may want to look.
 
 This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
@@ -17,26 +17,26 @@ Alternative/Augmentative Porcelains
 
    - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
 
-   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
+   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history
    storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
-   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
+   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git
    itself and indeed many other version control systems.
 
    Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
-   is now in core GIT.
+   is now in core Git.
 
 
    - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
 
-   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
-   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
+   pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of
+   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a
    slightly different feature set.
 
 
    - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
 
-   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
-   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
+   Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
+   Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git
    until they get merged upstream.
 
 
@@ -45,33 +45,33 @@ History Viewers
 
    - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
+   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily.
 
 
    - *gitview*  (contrib/)
 
-   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
+   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git
 
 
    - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
+   Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories.
 
 
    - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
 
-   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
+   QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
    to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
    changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
-   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
+   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git
    viewers and commit tools.
 
    - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
 
-   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
+   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser
    written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
    for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
-   use it as a pager for git commands.
+   use it as a pager for Git commands.
 
 
 Foreign SCM interface
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ Foreign SCM interface
    - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
 
    git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-   branch and git.
+   branch and Git.
 
 
    - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
 
    These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
-   series in git back and forth.
+   series in Git back and forth.
 
 
    - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
 
-   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
+   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and
    preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
-   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
+   also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository
    in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
 
 
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ Others
 
    - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
 
-   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
+   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and
    Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
    to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
    perform the commit itself.
 
    - *git.el* (contrib/)
 
-   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
+   This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modelled on
    pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
    tweaking to work on XEmacs.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index 9d0b1515c5..e0a87029cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
 	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
-	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
+	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
@@ -77,15 +77,14 @@ OPTIONS
 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 
---assume-unchanged::
---no-assume-unchanged::
+--[no-]assume-unchanged::
 	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
 	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
-	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops
 	checking the working tree files for possible
 	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
-	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+	tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
@@ -102,8 +101,7 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 
---skip-worktree::
---no-skip-worktree::
+--[no-]skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
@@ -145,7 +143,15 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 
 --index-version <n>::
 	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
-	The current default version is 2.
+	Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
+	or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
+	`git add -N`.
++
+Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
+size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
+time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
+October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
+may not support it yet.
 
 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
@@ -239,7 +245,7 @@ $ git update-index --index-info
 ------------
 
 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
-path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
 
@@ -253,18 +259,18 @@ $ git ls-files -s
 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------
 
-Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
-cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
-path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
-see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+cause Git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
-tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
 
 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
 
 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
-paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index d377a35243..0a0a5512b3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])
+'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z])
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -58,6 +58,58 @@ archive by creating a symlink tree).
 With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
 still contains <oldvalue>.
 
+With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
+performs all modifications together.  Specify commands of the form:
+
+	update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
+	delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	option SP <opt> LF
+
+Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
+code.  Alternatively, use `-z` to specify commands without quoting:
+
+	update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
+	delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	option SP <opt> NUL
+
+Lines of any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error.
+Command meanings are:
+
+update::
+	Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given.
+	Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist
+	after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the
+	ref does not exist before the update.
+
+create::
+	Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not
+	exist.  The given <newvalue> may not be zero.
+
+delete::
+	Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if
+	given.  If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero.
+
+verify::
+	Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it.  If
+	<oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
+
+option::
+	Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
+	The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
+	a symbolic ref.
+
+Use 40 "0" or the empty string to specify a zero value, except that
+with `-z` an empty <oldvalue> is considered missing.
+
+If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s
+simultaneously, all modifications are performed.  Otherwise, no
+modifications are performed.  Note that while each individual
+<ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may
+still see a subset of the modifications.
 
 Logging Updates
 ---------------
@@ -73,7 +125,7 @@ in ref value.  Log lines are formatted as:
 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
 <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
-and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
 
 Optionally with -m:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
index 4d52d3833a..d09bbb52b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
-other end over the git protocol.
+other end over the Git protocol.
 
 This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
 for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
index 71f16083d6..0abc806ea9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 
 --strict::
-	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory.
 
 --timeout=<n>::
 	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
index 67edf58689..44ff9541df 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-var.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-var(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-var - Show a git logical variable
+git-var - Show a Git logical variable
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Prints a git logical variable.
+Prints a Git logical variable.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -l::
 	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
-	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed
 	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
 	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
 
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT::
     The author of a piece of code.
 
 GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
-    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+    The person who put a piece of code into Git.
 
 GIT_EDITOR::
-    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    Text editor for use by Git commands.  The value is meant to be
     interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
     `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
     --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ifdef::git-default-editor[]
 endif::git-default-editor[]
 
 GIT_PAGER::
-    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
     is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
     is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
     configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index cd230769fd..526ba7be9c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-verify-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the
 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
 corresponding pack file.
 
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ OUTPUT FORMAT
 -------------
 When specifying the -v option the format used is:
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
 
 for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA-1
 
 for objects that are deltified.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index 5ff76e892a..f88ba96f02 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
 
 <tag>...::
-	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git tag objects.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index c2bc87bc61..5aec4ecffb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-web{litdd}browse(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported:
 * dillo
 * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)
 * start (this is the default under MinGW)
+* cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin)
 
 Custom commands may also be specified.
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -c <conf.var>::
 --config=<conf.var>::
-	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set,
 	then its value specifies the browser that should be used.
 
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
index 6c8f510c3f..8b63ceb00e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -13,43 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
-command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to
-'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of
-these commands.
 
-This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.
 
+New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead.  The
+`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1]
+but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
--p::
-	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
-	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
-	paths and their nature of changes.
+The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of
+many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by
+reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it.
 
--<n>::
-	Limit output to <n> commits.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
-	exclusive, top inclusive).
-
--r::
-	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
-	not just the top level.
-
--m::
-	By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
-	With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
-	of its parents.
-+
-However, it is not very useful in general, although it
-*is* useful on a file-by-file basis.
-
-include::pretty-options.txt[]
-
-include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 Examples
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 7a3f03b5ce..b9a3fecac9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git - the stupid content tracker
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
     [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
     [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
     [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ commands.  The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
 in-depth introduction.
 
 After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
-page to learn what commands git offers.  You can learn more about
-individual git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
+page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
 manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax.
 
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
 can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
 
 ifdef::stalenotes[]
@@ -39,13 +39,42 @@ ifdef::stalenotes[]
 ============
 
 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.8.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1]
+* link:v1.8.4.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.1]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
 
 * link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
@@ -354,12 +383,12 @@ endif::stalenotes[]
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --version::
-	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+	Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
 
 --help::
 	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
-	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 +
 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
@@ -367,6 +396,20 @@ displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
 help ...`.
 
+-C <path>::
+	Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+	directory.  When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+	non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+	<path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+    git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+    git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
 -c <name>=<value>::
 	Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 	given will override values from configuration files.
@@ -374,22 +417,22 @@ help ...`.
 	'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
 
 --exec-path[=<path>]::
-	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
 --html-path::
-	Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
+	Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
 	documentation is installed and exit.
 
 --man-path::
 	Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
-	this version of git and exit.
+	this version of Git and exit.
 
 --info-path::
 	Print the path where the Info files documenting this
-	version of git are installed and exit.
+	version of Git are installed and exit.
 
 -p::
 --paginate::
@@ -399,7 +442,7 @@ help ...`.
 	below).
 
 --no-pager::
-	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
 	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
@@ -415,7 +458,7 @@ help ...`.
 	more detailed discussion).
 
 --namespace=<path>::
-	Set the git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+	Set the Git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
 	details.  Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
 	variable.
 
@@ -425,14 +468,34 @@ help ...`.
 	directory.
 
 --no-replace-objects::
-	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
 	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
 
+--literal-pathspecs::
+	Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+	This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+	variable to `1`.
+
+--glob-pathspecs:
+	Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(literal)"
+
+--noglob-pathspecs:
+	Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(glob)"
+
+--icase-pathspecs:
+	Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
 
 GIT COMMANDS
 ------------
 
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
 ("plumbing") commands.
 
 High-level commands (porcelain)
@@ -469,7 +532,7 @@ include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
 Low-level commands (plumbing)
 -----------------------------
 
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
@@ -527,10 +590,9 @@ include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
 
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people.  Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
 
 ------------
 #
@@ -545,13 +607,13 @@ people.  Here is an example:
 ; user identity
 [user]
 	name = "Junio C Hamano"
-	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+	email = "gitster@pobox.com"
 
 ------------
 
 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
 their operation accordingly.  See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-list.
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
 
 
 Identifier Terminology
@@ -590,7 +652,7 @@ Identifier Terminology
 
 Symbolic Identifiers
 --------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
 symbolic notation:
 
 HEAD::
@@ -626,13 +688,13 @@ Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 Environment Variables
 ---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
 
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 
 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
 	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
@@ -646,10 +708,10 @@ git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 	directory is used.
 
 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
-	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+	Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
 	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
 	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
-	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
 	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
 
 'GIT_DIR'::
@@ -659,35 +721,40 @@ git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 	The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
-	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
-	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
-	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
 	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
 	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
 
 'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
-	Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+	Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
 	The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
-	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
-	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
-	up into while looking for a repository directory.
-	It will not exclude the current working directory or
-	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
-	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
+	set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+	into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+	excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
+	exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+	command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
+	the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+	might be present in order to compare them with the current
+	directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
+	can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+	subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+	e.g.,
+	'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
 
 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
 	When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
-	directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+	directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
 	directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
 	does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This environment variable
-	can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
+	can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
 	boundaries.  Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
 	an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
 	command line.
 
-git Commits
+Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
@@ -698,13 +765,13 @@ git Commits
 'EMAIL'::
 	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
 
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
 	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
 	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
 	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
-	value passed on the git diff command line.
+	value passed on the Git diff command line.
 
 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
 	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
@@ -718,7 +785,7 @@ where:
 
 	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
                          contents of <old|new>,
-	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
 	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
 +
 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
@@ -739,13 +806,13 @@ other
 
 'GIT_PAGER'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
-	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 'GIT_EDITOR'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
-	It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode,
+	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
 	an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
 	and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -753,9 +820,12 @@ other
 	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
 	and 'git push' will use this command instead
 	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
-	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
-	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
-	shell command to execute on that remote system.
+	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two or
+	four arguments: the 'username@host' (or just 'host')
+	from the URL and the shell command to execute on that
+	remote system, optionally preceded by '-p' (literally) and
+	the 'port' from the URL when it specifies something other
+	than the default SSH port.
 +
 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
@@ -766,44 +836,88 @@ personal `.ssh/config` file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
 for further details.
 
 'GIT_ASKPASS'::
-	If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
+	If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
 	acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
 	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
 	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
 	option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+	waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
 'GIT_FLUSH'::
 	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
 	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
-	and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
-	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
+	'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+	force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+	flushed. If this
 	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
 	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
-	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
 	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
 
 'GIT_TRACE'::
 	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
-	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
+	is case insensitive), Git will print `trace:` messages on
 	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
 	execution and external command execution.
 	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
-	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
+	and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
 	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
 	trace messages into this file descriptor.
 	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
-	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
+	(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
 	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
 	into it.
 
+'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS'::
+	If this variable is set to a path, a file will be created at
+	the given path logging all accesses to any packs. For each
+	access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+	recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+	pack-related performance problems.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PACKET'::
+	If this variable is set, it shows a trace of all packets
+	coming in or out of a given program. This can help with
+	debugging object negotiation or other protocol issues. Tracing
+	is turned off at a packet starting with "PACK".
+
+GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+	running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+	for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+	glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+	literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+	`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+
 Discussion[[Discussion]]
 ------------------------
 
 More detail on the following is available from the
-link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
 
-A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
@@ -820,7 +934,7 @@ The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
 
-All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
@@ -830,9 +944,9 @@ When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
 
 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
-may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
-with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
-recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
 
@@ -853,12 +967,12 @@ FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
 ---------------------
 
 See the references in the "description" section to get started
-using git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
+using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
 for a first-time user.
 
-The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
-introductions to the underlying git architecture.
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
 
 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
 
@@ -866,7 +980,7 @@ See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
 examples.
 
 The internals are documented in the
-link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
 
 Users migrating from CVS may also want to
 read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
@@ -875,7 +989,7 @@ read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 Authors
 -------
 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
-C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
 <git@vger.kernel.org>.  http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary
 gives you a more complete list of contributors.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index 2698f63cf9..b322a2666c 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
 Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
-When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
 EFFECTS
 -------
 
-Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning
 particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
 operations are attributes-aware.
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Checking-out and checking-in
 These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
 repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
 such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
-git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
 repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
 
 `text`
@@ -124,22 +124,22 @@ Set::
 
 Unset::
 
-	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to
 	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
 
 Set to string value "auto"::
 
 	When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic
-	end-of-line normalization.  If git decides that the content is
+	end-of-line normalization.  If Git decides that the content is
 	text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin.
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the
+	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the
 	`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the
 	file should be converted.
 
-Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left
+Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left
 unspecified.
 
 `eol`
@@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ content checks, effectively setting the `text` attribute.
 
 Set to string value "crlf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this
 	file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
 Set to string value "lf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on
 	checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ crlf=input	eol=lf
 End-of-line conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
+While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
 normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to
 convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.
 
-Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
+Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
 files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in
 the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized
 regardless of their content.
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ regardless of their content.
 
 Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their
 repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic
-normalization in git.
+normalization in Git.
 
 If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory
 regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the
@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ attribute to "auto" for _all_ files.
 *	text=auto
 ------------------------
 
-This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have
+This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have
 normalized (LF) line endings in the repository.  The `core.eol`
-configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for
+configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for
 normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the
 native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is
 set.
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ directory:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes
-$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force git to
+$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force Git to
 $ git reset         # re-scan the working directory
 $ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
 $ git add -u
@@ -249,17 +249,17 @@ unset their `text` attribute before running 'git add -u'.
 manual.pdf	-text
 ------------------------
 
-Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization
+Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization
 enabled manually.
 
 ------------------------
 weirdchars.txt	text
 ------------------------
 
-If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if
 the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
-`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
-conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", Git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts
 an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
 a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
 few exceptions.  Even though...
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ few exceptions.  Even though...
 `ident`
 ^^^^^^^
 
-When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces
 `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
 sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable.
 
 Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot
 be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true
-content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
+content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
 usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt
 the encrypted content).
 
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything
 where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
 conflicts.
 
-To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a
 virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
 resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
 configuration variable.  This prevents changes caused by check-in
@@ -417,11 +417,11 @@ Generating diff text
 `diff`
 ^^^^^^
 
-The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
-files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
 or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
-shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
-external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary
 files to a text format before generating the diff.
 
 Set::
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ String::
 	specify one or more options, as described in the following
 	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
 	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
-	git config file.
+	Git config file.
 
 
 Defining an external diff driver
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
 	command = j-c-diff
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
 attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
 with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
 addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
 
 Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a
-large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism
+large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism
 to cache the output and use it in future diffs.  To enable
 caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's
 config. For example:
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ config. For example:
 
 This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob
 indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a
-diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
+diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
 and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the
 cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated
 and now produces better output), you can remove the cache
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ output to resemble unified diff. You are free to locate and report
 changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.
 
 A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a
-transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git
+transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git
 uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several
 advantages to choosing this method:
 
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ advantages to choosing this method:
    odt2txt).
 
 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step
-   yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features,
+   yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features,
    including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges.
 
 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ attribute in the `.gitattributes` file:
 *.ps -diff
 ------------------------
 
-This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
 patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
 
 However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ control per path.
 
 Set::
 
-	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git.
 	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
 	configuration variable.
 
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ archive files.
 `export-subst`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand
 several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
 expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
 linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ abc	-foo -bar
 the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
 
 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
-   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first
    line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
    the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
    are unset.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index 3bc1500eda..7d54b77f3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcli(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+gitcli - Git command line interface and conventions
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ gitcli
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.
 
 Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
 "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ arguments.  Here are the rules:
    between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
    `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter.
 
- * Without disambiguating `--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+ * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
    out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
    you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter
 you will.
 
 Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
-scripting git:
+scripting Git:
 
- * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+ * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that
    you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
 
  * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ scripting git:
 
 ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
 ----------------------
-From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the
 time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
 
 Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
@@ -106,18 +106,19 @@ couple of magic command line options:
 +
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
-usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>*
+   or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
     --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
-    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
-    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
-    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
-    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+    --all                 use any ref
+    --tags                use any tag, even unannotated
+    --long                always use long format
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 --help-all::
-	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
 	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
 	option gives the full list of options.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index 5325c5a7d5..058a352980 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcore-tutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
-work with a git repository.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and
+work with a Git repository.
 
-If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
-to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
-link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual].
 
 However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
-you want to understand git's internals.
+you want to understand Git's internals.
 
-The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
 interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
 plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
 plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can
 skip on your first reading.
 
 
-Creating a git repository
+Creating a Git repository
 -------------------------
 
-Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start
 out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
 subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
 one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
-to import into git.
+to import into Git.
 
 For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
 scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
 To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
-subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ mkdir git-tutorial
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ $ cd git-tutorial
 $ git init
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-to which git will reply
+to which Git will reply
 
 ----------------
 Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 ----------------
 
-which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
 strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
 your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
 inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ start out expecting to work on the `master` branch.
 
 However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
 anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
-branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
 valid, though.
 
 [NOTE]
-An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA-1 hash, aka 'object name',
 and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
-representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+representation of that SHA-1 name. The files in the `refs`
 subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
 (usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
 expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
@@ -119,18 +119,18 @@ populating your tree.
 An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
 after finishing this tutorial.
 
-You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's
 empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
 
 
-Populating a git repository
+Populating a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
 We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
 few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
 
 Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
-in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
 get a feel for how this works:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ but to actually check in your hard work, you will have to go through two steps:
 
  - commit that index file as an object.
 
-The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes
 to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
 program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
 to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
 $ git update-index --add hello example
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you have now told git to track those two files.
+and you have now told Git to track those two files.
 
 In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
-you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object
 database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
 
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $ git cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
 ----------------
 
 where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
 regular file), and you can see the contents with
 
 ----------------
@@ -214,28 +214,28 @@ Anyway, as we mentioned previously, you normally never actually take a
 look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
 names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
 was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
-actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object
 database.
 
 Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
 file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
 something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
 about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
-you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
-you've only *told* git about them.
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far,
+you've only *told* Git about them.
 
-However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
-most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
 
-In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll
 start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
-git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
 'git diff-files' command:
 
 ------------
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ index 557db03..263414f 100644
 ------------
 
 
-Committing git state
+Committing Git state
 --------------------
 
-Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
-that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files
+that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
 that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
 object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
 tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ There are no options or other input: `git write-tree` will take the
 current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
 index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
 filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
-creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git write-tree
@@ -415,9 +415,9 @@ regardless of whether the `--cached` flag is used or not. The `--cached`
 flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
 come from the working tree or not.
 
-This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply
 never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
 expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
 is there for.
 ================
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ update the index cache:
 $ git update-index hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since git knew
+(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew
 about the file already).
 
 Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ this point (you can continue to edit things and update the index), you
 can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
 the change for you.
 
-You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in
 looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
 it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
 message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
@@ -534,48 +534,15 @@ all, but just show the actual commit message.
 
 In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
 list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
-changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
-included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
-activities.
-
-To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
-can do
-
-----------------
-$ git log
-----------------
-
-which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together
-with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more
-powerful)
-
-----------------
-$ git whatchanged -p
-----------------
-
-and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its
-short history.
-
-[NOTE]
-When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown.
-If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting
-the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you
-can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option,
-which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
-
-With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
-can explore on your own.
-
-[NOTE]
-Most likely, you are not directly using the core
-git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
-and `git-commit'.
+changes.  You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial
+script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`,
+which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented.
 
 
 Tagging a version
 -----------------
 
-In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
 
 A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
 it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
@@ -598,7 +565,7 @@ obviously be an empty diff, but if you continue to develop and commit
 stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
 since you tagged it.
 
-An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a
 pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
 message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
 you really did
@@ -623,17 +590,17 @@ name for the state at that point.
 Copying repositories
 --------------------
 
-git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
 Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
-"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
-working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git`
 subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
 
 [NOTE]
-You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from
 the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
 how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
-So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to
 the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
 accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
 
@@ -649,13 +616,13 @@ $ rm -rf git-tutorial
 and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
 history outside the project you created.
 
- - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There
    is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
    create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
    went along with it), you can do so with a regular
    `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
 +
-Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index
 file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
 information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
 So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
@@ -667,7 +634,7 @@ $ git update-index --refresh
 in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
 
 Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
-duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
 
 When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
@@ -694,23 +661,23 @@ The above can also be written as simply
 $ git reset
 ----------------
 
-and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted
 with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
 at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
 the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
-the basic git commands.
+the basic Git commands.
 
 Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
 the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
-actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
-`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the
 repository.
 
-To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd
 first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
 raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
-create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following
 
 ----------------
 $ mkdir my-git
@@ -725,7 +692,7 @@ $ git read-tree HEAD
 ----------------
 
 to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
-you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
 actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
 those, you'd check them out with
 
@@ -757,13 +724,13 @@ repository, and checked it out.
 Creating a new branch
 ---------------------
 
-Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git
 object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
 already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
 these object pointers.
 
 You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
-point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA-1 name of that
 object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
 want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
 "normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
@@ -849,7 +816,7 @@ $ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
 Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
 doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
 filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
-git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
 the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
 commit log message from the command line.
 
@@ -900,7 +867,7 @@ where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if
 the merge can be resolved automatically.
 
 Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
-merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much
 of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
 file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
 
@@ -939,7 +906,7 @@ After you're done, start up `gitk --all` to see graphically what the
 history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
 switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
 `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
-from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
 have to do _that_ merge again.
 
 Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
@@ -1028,7 +995,7 @@ Merging external work
 ---------------------
 
 It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
-merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git
 makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
 doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
 more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
@@ -1068,7 +1035,7 @@ and requires you to have a log-in privilege over `ssh` to the
 remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
 lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
 transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
-most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.
 
 Local directory::
 	`/path/to/repo.git/`
@@ -1077,7 +1044,7 @@ This transport is the same as SSH transport but uses 'sh' to run
 both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
 the remote machine via 'ssh'.
 
-git Native::
+Git Native::
 	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
 +
 This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
@@ -1099,8 +1066,8 @@ necessary objects.  Because of this behavior, they are
 sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
 +
 The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
-server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart
+server like Git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
 that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
 you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
 to help dumb transport downloaders.
@@ -1233,7 +1200,7 @@ file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second to stage 2,
 etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
 that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
 0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
-collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA-1 from either stage 2 or
 stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
 changed from the common ancestor).
 
@@ -1321,7 +1288,7 @@ update the public repository from it. This is often called
 
 [NOTE]
 This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
-how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
 
 Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
 your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
@@ -1340,7 +1307,7 @@ done only once.
 on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
 the network internally uses an SSH connection.
 
-Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but
 your public repository is often named after the project name,
 i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
 project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
@@ -1350,7 +1317,7 @@ an empty directory:
 $ mkdir my-git.git
 ------------
 
-Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running
 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
 `.git`, we do things slightly differently:
 
@@ -1389,7 +1356,7 @@ This synchronizes your public repository to match the named
 branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
 from them in your current repository.
 
-As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+As a real example, this is how I update my public Git
 repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
 propagation to other publicly visible machines:
 
@@ -1402,9 +1369,9 @@ Packing your repository
 -----------------------
 
 Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
-is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is stored for each Git object you create. This representation
 is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
-not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are
 immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
 storage by "packing them together". The command
 
@@ -1472,14 +1439,14 @@ repositories every once in a while.
 Working with Others
 -------------------
 
-Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often
 convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
 of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
 is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
 link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
 
 It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
-There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of
 patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
 from only one remote repository.
 
@@ -1592,7 +1559,7 @@ Working with Others, Shared Repository Style
 
 If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
 suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
-have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of
 cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
 
 See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
@@ -1602,7 +1569,7 @@ Bundling your work together
 
 It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
 a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
-using branches with git.
+using branches with Git.
 
 We have already seen how branches work previously,
 with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 7dfffc0046..47576be5db 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcredentials(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git
+gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
-the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
+the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
 
 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
 ----------------------
 
-Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following
+Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
 
 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:
 	username = me
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can
+Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ store::
 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
 documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
-you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the
+you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
 credential.helper variable.
 
 1. Find a helper.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ credential-foo
 $ git help credential-foo
 -------------------------------------------
 
-3. Tell git to use it.
+3. Tell Git to use it.
 +
 -------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ $ git config --global credential.helper foo
 
 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
-password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a
+password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
 password, no more helpers will be tried.
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context
 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
 
-For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git
+For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ context would not match:
 	username = foo
 --------------------------------------
 
-because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git
+because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ username::
 
 useHttpPath::
 
-	By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
+	By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
 	to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
 	stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
 	`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ CUSTOM HELPERS
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's
+which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
index aeb0cdc973..5ea94cbceb 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcvs-migration(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 this document explains how to do that.
 
-Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
 linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ other than `master`.
 Setting Up a Shared Repository
 ------------------------------
 
-We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
 repository (see the next section).
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
-users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
 
 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 writable by that group:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
 -------------------------------------------
 
-This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
 
 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
 
-The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
-CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
 
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
 repository to a mailing list.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[Controlling access to branches using
 update hooks].
 
-Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository
 ----------------------------------------
 
-It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
 details.
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Alternative Development Models
 ------------------------------
 
 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
-a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
-However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with Git.
+However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 fit for your project.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index daf1782a31..c8b3e51c84 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ it changes it to:
 For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
 the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
 and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
-and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+and "0123456..." as their SHA-1 content ID, in the above
 example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
 insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
 the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
@@ -222,26 +222,35 @@ version prefixed with '+'.
 diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
-changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
--S option and the `--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-*'
-commands.
-
-When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
-different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
-"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
-opposite case that loses the specified string.
-
-When `--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
-only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
-output.  When `--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
-filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
-output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
-make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change
+specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain
+way.  -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to
+specify different ways these strings are sought.
+
+"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage
+have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text.
+By definition, it will not detect in-file moves.  Also, when a
+changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting
+string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair
+(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that
+rename-detected filepair).  When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat
+the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match,
+instead of a literal string.
+
+"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose
+textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given
+regular expression.  This means that it will detect in-file (or what
+rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise.  The
+implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite
+expensive.
+
+When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs
+that match their respective criterion are kept in the output.  When
+`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective
+criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept.  This behavior
+is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole
 changeset easier.
 
-
 diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@ pattern.  Filepairs that match a glob pattern on an earlier line
 in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
 filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
 
-As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably
 would look like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
index d77a45aed6..e52de7dbb4 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitglossary(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+gitglossary - A Git Glossary
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ SEE ALSO
 linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index b9003fed24..d48bf4d6fa 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ githooks(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-githooks - Hooks used by git
+githooks - Hooks used by Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the
 configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
 commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
 (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
-a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
+a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
 
 If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
 means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
 be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
 
-The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments
 out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
 
 commit-msg
@@ -140,9 +140,11 @@ the outcome of 'git commit'.
 pre-rebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
-from getting rebased.
-
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a
+branch from getting rebased.  The hook may be called with one or
+two parameters.  The first parameter is the upstream from which
+the series was forked.  The second parameter is the branch being
+rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
 
 post-checkout
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -176,6 +178,35 @@ save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree
 (eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
 for an example of how to do this.
 
+pre-push
+~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking
+place.  The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and
+location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both
+values will be the same.
+
+Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
+input with lines of the form:
+
+  <local ref> SP <local sha1> SP <remote ref> SP <remote sha1> LF
+
+For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
+hook would receive a line like the following:
+
+  refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
+
+although the full, 40-character SHA-1s would be supplied.  If the foreign ref
+does not yet exist the `<remote SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If a ref is to be
+deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the `<local
+SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If the local commit was specified by something other
+than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be
+supplied as it was originally given.
+
+If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without
+pushing anything.  Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
+to the user by writing to standard error.
+
 [[pre-receive]]
 pre-receive
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -275,7 +306,7 @@ for the user.
 
 The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
 a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
-directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
 emails.
 
 [[post-update]]
@@ -303,7 +334,7 @@ them.
 When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
 transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
-a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
 probably enable this hook.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
@@ -336,7 +367,7 @@ preceding SP is also omitted.  Currently, no commands pass any
 'extra-info'.
 
 The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
-"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt) has happened, and
+"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt[1]) has happened, and
 thus has access to these notes.
 
 The following command-specific comments apply:
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index 1b82fe1969..54e334e3af 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
-git should ignore.
-Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
+Git should ignore.
+Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 below for details.
 
 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
-When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
@@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ be used.
    the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
    the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
 
- * Patterns which a user wants git to
+ * Patterns which a user wants Git to
    ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
    the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
    `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
    $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
    empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
 
-The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
-files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
 use patterns from the sources specified above.
 
@@ -89,15 +89,15 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
    directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
    regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
-   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
 
- - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
    a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
    pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
    (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
    `.gitignore` file).
 
- - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
    for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
    wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
    For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
@@ -108,11 +108,30 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
    "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 
 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
-not tracked by git remain untracked.
+not tracked by Git remain untracked.
 
 To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
 use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
@@ -160,13 +179,15 @@ Another example:
     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
-linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-update-index[1],
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
+linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index a17a354936..c17e760184 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitk(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - The git repository browser
+gitk - The Git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ the files in the trees of each revision.
 
 Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
 and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
-git repository.
+Git repository.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ SEE ALSO
 
 'gitview(1)'::
 	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
-	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository.
 
 'tig(1)'::
-	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written
 	in C using Ncurses.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index ab3e91c054..f7be93f631 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ $GIT_WORK_DIR/.gitmodules
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git
 working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
-	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git
 	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
 	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
 	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
 	the '--merge', '--rebase' or '--checkout' options.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
+	If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  See the
+	`--remote` documentation in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. If this option is also present in the submodules entry in
@@ -70,7 +75,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
 	.gitmodules.
 	Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodule" option.
+	"--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index c6713cf5d7..7685e3651a 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories
 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.
 
 To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to
-the namespace.  For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding
+the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`.  For example,
 `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`.  You
 can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index 6d696e0f90..f1f4ca9727 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-git-remote-helpers(1)
-=====================
+gitremote-helpers(1)
+====================
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
+gitremote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users,
-but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote
-repositories git does not support natively.  A given helper will
-implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git
+but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote
+repositories Git does not support natively.  A given helper will
+implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git
 needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns
 the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's
 standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard
 output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from
-git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any
-need to link the helper with the implementation of git.
+Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any
+need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.
 
-Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git
+Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git
 uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept.  Those
 other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs,
 transport objects between the object database and the remote repository,
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ INVOCATION
 ----------
 
 Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
-arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git;
+arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git;
 it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
 argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
 '<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
 The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
 and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
-which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.
+which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.
 
-When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
+When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
 '<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
 automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
 the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
 is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
 of that remote.
 
-A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to
+A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to
 invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
 argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
 the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
 configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
 
 Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
-'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
+'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
 '<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
 'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Capabilities
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands.
-The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response
+The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response
 to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below).
 
 In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for
@@ -114,19 +114,24 @@ Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'.
 
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
 fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
 connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'push' and 'export', git prefers 'push'.
+When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'.
 Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
 
+'no-private-update'::
+	When using the 'refspec' capability, git normally updates the
+	private ref on successful push. This update is disabled when
+	the remote-helper declares the capability 'no-private-update'.
+
 
 Capabilities for Fetching
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
 	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
-	git's native packfile protocol. This
+	Git's native packfile protocol. This
 	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
@@ -143,10 +148,14 @@ Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
 
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
+'check-connectivity'::
+	Can guarantee that when a clone is requested, the received
+	pack is self contained and is connected.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
 fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
 connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'.
+When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'.
 Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
 
 Miscellaneous capabilities
@@ -159,11 +168,11 @@ Miscellaneous capabilities
 	carried out.
 
 'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced
-	fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace
-	instead of writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
+	For remote helpers that implement 'import' or 'export', this capability
+	allows the refs to be constrained to a private namespace, instead of
+	writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
 	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
-	capability use this.
+	capability use this. It's mandatory for 'export'.
 +
 A helper advertising the capability
 `refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
@@ -176,6 +185,12 @@ applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
 advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
 the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
 there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
++
+When writing remote-helpers for decentralized version control
+systems, it is advised to keep a local copy of the repository to
+interact with, and to let the private namespace refs point to this
+local repository, while the refs/remotes namespace is used to track
+the remote repository.
 
 'bidi-import'::
 	This modifies the 'import' capability.
@@ -183,25 +198,29 @@ there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
 	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
 	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
 	remote-helper.
-	If it is advertised in addition to "import", git establishes a pipe from
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from
 	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
-	It follows that git and fast-import are both connected to the
-	remote-helper's stdin. Because git can send multiple commands to
+	It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to
 	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
 	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
 	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
 	helper's stdin.
 
 'export-marks' <file>::
-	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing git to dump the
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the
 	internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details,
 	read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
 
 'import-marks' <file>::
-	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing git to load the
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the
 	marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details,
 	read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
 
+'signed-tags'::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to pass
+	'--signed-tags=verbatim' to linkgit:git-fast-export[1].  In the
+	absence of this capability, Git will use '--signed-tags=warn-strip'.
 
 
 
@@ -213,7 +232,7 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
 'capabilities'::
 	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
 	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*',
-	which marks them mandatory for git versions using the remote
+	which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote
 	helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a
 	fatal error.
 +
@@ -266,6 +285,9 @@ Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
 GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
 suitably updated.
 +
+If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output
+'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
 
 'push' +<src>:<dst>::
@@ -376,7 +398,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 
 The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances)
-set by git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
+set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
 
 'option verbosity' <n>::
 	Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
@@ -412,6 +434,9 @@ set by git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
 	must not rely on this option being set before
 	connect request occurs.
 
+'option check-connectivity' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-remote[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 9f628862b4..aa03882ddb 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@ $GIT_DIR/*
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
-directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
-`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
-also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
-real git repository).
+A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
+
+ * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
+
+ * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
+   (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
+   exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
+   from it.
+
+*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
+your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
+directory that has the repository.  This mechanism is often used for
+a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
+containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
+have the submodule.  The `checkout` has to remove the entire
+submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
+
+These things may exist in a Git repository.
 
 objects::
 	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
@@ -94,7 +106,7 @@ refs/remotes/`name`::
 	from a remote repository.
 
 refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
-	records the SHA1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
 	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
 	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
 	between repositories while grafts are not.
@@ -108,7 +120,7 @@ HEAD::
 	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
 	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
-	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
 	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ branches::
 	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
 
 hooks::
-	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
 	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
 	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
 	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
@@ -169,9 +181,13 @@ info/exclude::
 	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
 	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
 	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
-	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
 	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
+info/sparse-checkout::
+	This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
+	See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
 remotes::
 	Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
 	when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
@@ -195,6 +211,9 @@ shallow::
 	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
 	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
+modules::
+	Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-init[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
index fc4789f98e..c0ed6d1925 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitrevisions(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
+gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index e00a4d2170..3109ea8aad 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial-2(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
 You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
 
 The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
-git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
 provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
-of the git documentation.
+of the Git documentation.
 
-The git object database
+The Git object database
 -----------------------
 
 Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@ $ git commit -a -m "add emphasis"
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?
 
 We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
-It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
-a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
-contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
-the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
-name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA-1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA-1
+name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since
 that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
 here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
 Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
 can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
 
 It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
-following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+following the example above generates a different SHA-1 hash than
 the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
 it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
 
-We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
 command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
 from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
 characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ A tree can refer to one or more "blob" objects, each corresponding to
 a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
 thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
 any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
-of the SHA1 will also work):
+of the SHA-1 will also work):
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git ls-tree 92b8b694
 100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA-1 hash is a
 reference to that file's data:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ $ git cat-file blob 3b18e512
 hello world
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in
 its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
 directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
 
-All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA-1 names inside the Git
 directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
 
 As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
 tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
-contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+contains a SHA-1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
 examine with cat-file:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object
 is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
 for details.
 
-So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a
 project's history:
 
   * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ project's history:
 
 Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
 But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
-ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+ways--by the SHA-1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
 refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
 tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
 
@@ -403,21 +403,21 @@ What next?
 
 At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
 pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
-with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday Git].  You
 should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
-comprehensive introduction to git.
+comprehensive introduction to Git.
 
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
-import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a
 CVS-like way.
 
-For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+For some interesting examples of Git use, see the
 link:howto-index.html[howtos].
 
-For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
-into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for
 example, creating a new commit.
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index f1cb6f3be6..8262196318 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make
 changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
 
-If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project,
 for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
 the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ $ git help log
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and
 public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
 way to do so is:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Importing a new project
 -----------------------
 
 Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
-can place it under git revision control as follows.
+can place it under Git revision control as follows.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ tar xzf project.tar.gz
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
 directory created, named ".git".
 
-Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
 current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git add .
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls
 the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
 repository with 'git commit':
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ $ git commit
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
-version of your project in git.
+version of your project in Git.
 
 Making changes
 --------------
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
 line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
 thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit
 message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
-throughout git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
 commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
 rest of the commit in the body.
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ $ git log --stat --summary
 Managing branches
 -----------------
 
-A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of
 development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ $ git branch -D crazy-idea
 Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
 out.
 
-Using git for collaboration
+Using Git for collaboration
 ---------------------------
 
-Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in
 /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
 same machine, wants to contribute.
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Note that in general, Alice would want her local changes committed before
 initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
 their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
 resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
-conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will
 refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
 some way and pull again when this happens).
 
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ bob$ git pull
 -------------------------------------
 
 Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
-when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her
 repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
 used for pulls:
 
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol:
 bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
 -------------------------------------
 
-Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
 see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
 
 Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release
 version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
 linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
 
-Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
 names.  For example:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -554,9 +554,9 @@ files it manages in your current directory.  So
 $ git grep "hello"
 -------------------------------------
 
-is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.
 
-Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
 in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ then merged back together, the order in which 'git log' presents
 those commits is meaningless.
 
 Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
-or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
 visualizing their history.  For example,
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ Next Steps
 
 This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
 control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
-and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
 is based:
 
   * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ is based:
 
 Part two of this tutorial explains the object
 database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
-need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
 
 If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
 digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
   * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
     workflows.
 
-  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+  * link:everyday.html[Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So]
 
   * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
 
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index 49474557d8..305db633cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitweb.conf(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file
+gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ stops declaring it.
 You can include other configuration file using read_config_file()
 subroutine.  For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration
 related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one
-of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
+of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
 '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'.  To include it, put
 
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ and installing gitweb.
 Location of repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
-git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
+Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
 
 See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ will fall back to scanning the `$projectroot` directory for repositories.
 
 $project_maxdepth::
 	If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively
-	scan filesystem for git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
+	scan filesystem for Git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
 	is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot`
 	(starting point); it means that directories which are further
 	from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
 +
 If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
 +
-See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
+See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories"
 subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
 $strict_export::
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ The values of these variables are paths on the filesystem.
 
 $GIT::
 	Core git executable to use.  By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which
-	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use git installed
+	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use Git installed
 	from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git".
 	This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from
 	security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary.
-	If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose
+	If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose
 	which one to use.  Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to
 	work.
 
 $mimetypes_file::
 	File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
 	trying '/etc/mime.types'.  *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken
-	as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
+	as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
 	only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem).  If no mimetypes
 	file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled.
 	Unset by default.
@@ -336,15 +336,33 @@ $home_link_str::
 	used as the first component of gitweb's "breadcrumb trail":
 	`<home link> / <project> / <action>`.  Can be set at build time using
 	the `GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR` variable.  By default it is set to "projects",
-	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Other popular choice it to
-	set it to the name of site.
+	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Another popular choice is to
+	set it to the name of site.  Note that it is treated as raw HTML so it
+	should not be set from untrusted sources.
+
+@extra_breadcrumbs::
+	Additional links to be added to the start of the breadcrumb trail before
+	the home link, to pages that are logically "above" the gitweb projects
+	list, such as the organization and department which host the gitweb
+	server. Each element of the list is a reference to an array, in which
+	element 0 is the link text (equivalent to `$home_link_str`) and element
+	1 is the target URL (equivalent to `$home_link`).
++
+For example, the following setting produces a breadcrumb trail like
+"home / dev / projects / ..." where "projects" is the home link.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    our @extra_breadcrumbs = (
+      [ 'home' => 'https://www.example.org/' ],
+      [ 'dev'  => 'https://dev.example.org/' ],
+    );
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 $logo_url::
 $logo_label::
 	URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo,
 	if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both
-	refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
-	to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
+	refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
+	to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
 
 
 Changing gitweb's look
@@ -436,7 +454,7 @@ $fallback_encoding::
 	detection.
 +
 *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite
-CPU-intensive.  Note also that non git tools can have problems with
+CPU-intensive.  Note also that non Git tools can have problems with
 patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they
 involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B').
 
@@ -451,7 +469,7 @@ looks does contain variables configuring administrative side of gitweb
 affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting).
 
 @git_base_url_list::
-	List of git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
+	List of Git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
 	describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on
 	project summary page.  The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`",
 	for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs
@@ -616,7 +634,7 @@ override::
 	(or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis.
 +
 Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>`
-config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.
+config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.
 +
 *Note* that no feature is overriddable by default.
 
@@ -782,7 +800,7 @@ filesystem (i.e. "$projectroot/$project"), `%h` to the current hash
 (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'.
 +
 For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[]
-git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
+Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
 (using the third party tool *git-browser*):
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -796,10 +814,10 @@ This adds a link titled "graphiclog" after the "summary" link, leading to
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 timed::
-	Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to
+	Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to
 	generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of
 	page).  For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325
-	seconds and 13 git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
+	seconds and 13 Git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
@@ -857,6 +875,13 @@ adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file:
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
 
+BUGS
+----
+Debugging would be easier if the fallback configuration file
+(`/etc/gitweb.conf`) and environment variable to override its location
+('GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM') had names reflecting their "fallback" role.
+The current names are kept to avoid breaking working setups.
+
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 The location of per-instance and system-wide configuration files can be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index 168e8bfed6..cca14b8cc3 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
+To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository.
 This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
 gitweb.
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories.  Its features include:
+Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories.  Its features include:
 
 * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
 * Browsing every revision of the repository.
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';
 The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'.  You can change it during
 building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
 
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
 to gitweb.  The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
-`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
+`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be
 more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
 to showing "bare" repositories).
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ foo/bar.git   O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>
 
 
 By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
-list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
+list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git
 repositories won't be displayed by gitweb).  Even if a project is not
 visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
 a gitweb URL.  By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ as projects list file, which means that you can set `$projects_list` to its
 filename.
 
 
-Controlling access to git repositories
+Controlling access to Git repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
 available to gitweb.  You can however configure how gitweb controls access
 to repositories.
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ $export_auth_hook = sub {
 Per-repository gitweb configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
-in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+in the 'GIT_DIR' of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
 variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 You can use the following files in repository:
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ repositories, you can configure Apache like this:
 
 The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
 '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
-both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
+both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
 start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
 then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ $projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
 referenced by `$per_request_config`;
 
 These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
-the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
+the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in
 '~/public_git/' with the following url:
 
   http://git.example.org/~<user>/
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
 
   http://git.example.com/project.git
 
-will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
+will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be
 cloned), while
 
   http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
index 8b8c6ae5d3..f16c414ea7 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitworkflows(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ tag to the tip of 'master' indicating the release version:
 .Release tagging
 [caption="Recipe: "]
 =====================================
-`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
 =====================================
 
-You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see
 "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
 others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
 post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index f928b57f90..e4706615be 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
 	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
-	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	revision control. That is, all of the Git
 	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
 	`repository.git` directory instead,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
 	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
-	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	is done on the branch.  A single Git
 	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
 	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
 	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
 
 [[def_changeset]]changeset::
-	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
 	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
-	"changesets" with git.
+	"changesets" with Git.
 
 [[def_checkout]]checkout::
 	The action of updating all or part of the
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
 	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
-	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
 	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@
 
 [[def_commit]]commit::
 	As a noun: A single point in the
-	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
-	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
 +
 As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
-state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
 to point at the new commit.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,20 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
-[[def_core_git]]core git::
-	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+	<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+	a commit object.
+	The following are all commit-ishes:
+	a commit object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+	object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+	commit object,
+	etc.
+
+[[def_core_git]]core Git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
 
 [[def_DAG]]DAG::
@@ -100,12 +112,22 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
 	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
-	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
-	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
-	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
-
-[[def_dircache]]dircache::
-	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
+	history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
+	tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
+	allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
+	<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
+	"detached".
++
+Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
+(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
+while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
+of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
+update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
+branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the
+current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
+(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
 
 [[def_directory]]directory::
 	The list you get with "ls" :-)
@@ -115,11 +137,6 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
 	<<def_branch,branch>>.
 
-[[def_ent]]ent::
-	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
-	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth) for an in-depth
-	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
-
 [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
 	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
 	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
@@ -142,22 +159,26 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_file_system]]file system::
-	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
-	efficiency and speed of git.
+	efficiency and speed of Git.
 
-[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
 	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
 
+[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
+	A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
+	points at the directory that is the real repository.
+
 [[def_grafts]]grafts::
 	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
-	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
 	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
 
 [[def_hash]]hash::
-	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+	In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_head]]head::
 	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
@@ -177,14 +198,14 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
 
 [[def_hook]]hook::
-	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
 	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
-	of git you had to make them executable.
+	of Git you had to make them executable.
 
 [[def_index]]index::
 	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
@@ -201,7 +222,7 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_master]]master::
 	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
-	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
 	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 	purely by convention and is not required.
@@ -228,8 +249,8 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 "merge".
 
 [[def_object]]object::
-	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
-	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
 	object can not be changed.
 
 [[def_object_database]]object database::
@@ -241,10 +262,9 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_object_name]]object name::
-	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
-	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
-	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
-	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>.  The
+	object name is usually represented by a 40 character
+	hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
 
 [[def_object_type]]object type::
 	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
@@ -253,14 +273,13 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	<<def_object,object>>.
 
 [[def_octopus]]octopus::
-	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
-	intelligent predator.
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
 
 [[def_origin]]origin::
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
 	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
-	will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
+	will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
 	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 	`git branch -r`.
 
@@ -274,7 +293,7 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	pack.
 
 [[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
-       Pattern used to specify paths.
+	Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
 +
 Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
@@ -283,6 +302,8 @@ limit the scope of operations to some subset of the tree or
 worktree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 pathspec syntax is as follows:
++
+--
 
 * any path matches itself
 * the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
@@ -292,11 +313,12 @@ pathspec syntax is as follows:
   of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
   prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
   in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
+
+--
 +
 For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 in the Documentation subtree,
 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
-
 +
 A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning.  In the
 short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
@@ -319,11 +341,47 @@ top `/`;;
 	The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
 	from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
 	the command from inside a subdirectory.
+
+literal;;
+	Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
+	as literal characters.
+
+icase;;
+	Case insensitive match.
+
+glob;;
+	Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
+	consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
+	wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
+	For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
+	"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
+	or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
++
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
++
+Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
 --
 +
 Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
 but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of git.
+versions of Git.
 +
 A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
 should not be combined with other pathspec.
@@ -341,12 +399,12 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 [[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
-	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
 
 [[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
 	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
-	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
-	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
 	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
 
 [[def_pull]]pull::
@@ -381,10 +439,20 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
-	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
-	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
-	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+	A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+	ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+	For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+	as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+	for details.
+	Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
 
 [[def_reflog]]reflog::
 	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
@@ -395,23 +463,16 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_refspec]]refspec::
 	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
 	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
-	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
-	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
-	For example: `git fetch $URL
-	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
-	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
-	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
-	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
-	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
 
 [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
+	<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
+	'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
+	'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
+	a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
+	commits made to it.
 
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
@@ -426,9 +487,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
 
 [[def_revision]]revision::
-	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
-	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
-	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+	Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
 
 [[def_rewind]]rewind::
 	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
@@ -437,13 +496,14 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_SCM]]SCM::
 	Source code management (tool).
 
-[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
-	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
+	"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
+	In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
 	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
 	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
-	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
 	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
 	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
 	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
@@ -452,7 +512,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_symref]]symref::
-	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
 	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
 	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
 	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
@@ -464,9 +524,9 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
 	<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
 	In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
-	the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
+	the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
 	tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
-	in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
+	in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
 	point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
 
 [[def_tag_object]]tag object::
@@ -476,7 +536,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
 
 [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
 	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
 	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
@@ -492,10 +552,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
 	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
 
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
-	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
-	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
-	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+	A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+	that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+	Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+	tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+	top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+	The following are all tree-ishes:
+	a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+	a tree object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+	object,
+	etc.
 
 [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
 	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
index 34aa30c5b9..a2340864b5 100755
--- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 cat <<\EOF
-GIT Howto Index
+Git Howto Index
 ===============
 
 Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
-people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+people describing how they use Git in their workflow.
 
 EOF
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index ea6e4a52c9..33ae69c11f 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
-Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
  neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
  hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
  step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
@@ -10,35 +10,42 @@ Content-type: text/asciidoc
 How to maintain Git
 ===================
 
-The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+Activities
+----------
 
- - Communication (60%)
+The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (45%)
 
    Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
    questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
    suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
 
- - Integration (30%)
+ - Integration (50%)
 
    Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
    correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
    testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
    releases, and making announcements.
 
- - Own development (10%)
+ - Own development (5%)
 
    Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
 
+The Policy
+----------
+
 The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
 from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
 this mailing list after each feature release is made.
 
-The policy.
-
  - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
    contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
    functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
 
+ - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for
+   eight to ten weeks.
+
  - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
    to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
    release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
@@ -62,12 +69,15 @@ The policy.
  - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
    not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
 
- - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
-   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
-   customization on top of them.
+ - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to
+   allow people to build their own customization on top of them.
+   Early in a new development cycle, 'next' is rewound to the tip of
+   'master' once, but otherwise it will not be rewound until the end
+   of the cycle.
 
- - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
-   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint' and 'next' contains all
+   of 'master'.  'pu' contains all the topics merged to 'next', but
+   is rebuilt directly on 'master'.
 
  - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
    tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
@@ -77,14 +87,22 @@ The policy.
    are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
 
 
-A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+A Typical Git Day
+-----------------
+
+A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
 by doing the following:
 
- - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
-   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
-   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
-   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
-   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+ - Scan mailing list.  Respond with review comments, suggestions
+   etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially usable patches from the
+   mailing list.  Patches about a single topic go to one mailbox (I
+   read my mail in Gnus, and type \C-o to save/append messages in
+   files in mbox format).
+
+ - Write his own patches to address issues raised on the list but
+   nobody has stepped up solving.  Send it out just like other
+   contributors do, and pick them up just like patches from other
+   contributors (see above).
 
  - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
    message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
@@ -100,40 +118,32 @@ by doing the following:
    - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
      are directly applied to 'master'.
 
+   - Other topics are not handled in this step.
+
    This step is done with "git am".
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
      $ make test
 
- - Merge downwards (maint->master):
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
+   In practice, almost no patch directly goes to 'master' or
+   'maint'.
 
  - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
-   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
-   topic->maint), and merge.
+   topics ready for merging (topic->master and topic->maint).  Use
+   "Meta/cook -w" script (where Meta/ contains a checkout of the
+   'todo' branch) to aid this step.
+
+   And perform the merge.  Use "Meta/Reintegrate -e" script (see
+   later) to aid this step.
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w last-issue-of-whats-cooking.mbox
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate -e ;# "git merge ai/topic"
      $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
      $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
      $ make test              ;# final review
-     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
-
- - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
-
- - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge master
-     $ make test
 
  - Handle the remaining patches:
 
@@ -142,9 +152,9 @@ by doing the following:
      and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
      is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
      enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
-     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
-     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
-     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
+     named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
+     of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
 
    - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
      topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
@@ -162,7 +172,8 @@ by doing the following:
 
    The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
 
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
 
    while patch replacement is often done by:
 
@@ -170,93 +181,170 @@ by doing the following:
 
    then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
 
+     $ git checkout ai/topic
      $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
-     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+     $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
 
    The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
    after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
    as time permits.
 
- - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
-   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
+ - Merge maint to master as needed:
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/cook script (where Meta/ contains
-   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
-
- - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
-   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
 
-   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+ - Merge master to next as needed:
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ git merge master
      $ make test
 
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics
+   that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape
+   (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the
+   series?)
+
+ - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere
+   between 'master' and 'pu' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-jch.sh
+
+   The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to
+   rebuild 'pu' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script.  Remove
+   later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet.  Add a line that
+   consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic
+   in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet.
+
+ - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'.  For each
+   branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can
+   happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next;
    - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
-     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next;
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+   This step is aided with Meta/redo-jch.sh script created earlier.
+   If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script
+   would list it as "ai/topic~1".  To include the new patch to the
+   updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not
+   touch the line.  If a topic that was not in 'next' should be
+   merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list.  Then:
+
+     $ git checkout -B jch master
+     $ Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1
+
+   to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch.  "-c1" tells the script
+   to stop merging at the first line that begins with '###'
+   (i.e. the "### match next" line you added earlier).
+
+   At this point, build-test the result.  It may reveal semantic
+   conflicts (e.g. a topic renamed a variable, another added a new
+   reference to the variable under its old name), in which case
+   prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and
+   rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of
+   'master'.
+
+   Then do the same to 'next'
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
-     $ make test
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e
 
-   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+   The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the
+   history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to
+   be edited.  The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set
+   of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge.
+   Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found
+   and rectified.
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Optionally rebase topics that do not have any commit
-   in next yet, when they can take advantage of low-level framework
-   change that is merged to 'master' already.
+     $ git diff jch next
 
-     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
-   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
-   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
-   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -u
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
+   This removes topics listed in the script that have already been
+   merged to 'master'.  This may lose '### match next' marker;
+   add it again to the appropriate place when it happens.
 
-     $ git checkout pu
-     $ git reset --hard next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
-     $ make test
+ - Rebuild 'pu'.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
- - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
-   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
+   Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'pu'
+   in the script.  Then
 
- - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
-   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
+     $ git checkout -B pu jch
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
-    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
-        'master' just pushed out;
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-pu.sh script with
 
-    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
-        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
-        repositories that have html and man branches checked
-        out.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh -u
 
-    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
-        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
-        and man branches.
+   Double check by running
 
-    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
-        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
+     $ git branch --no-merged pu
 
- - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
-   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
-   repo.or.cz and other mirrors.
+   to see there is no unexpected leftover topics.
 
+   At this point, build-test the result for semantic conflicts, and
+   if there are, prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see
+   appendix), and rebuild the 'pu' branch from scratch, starting at
+   the tip of 'jch'.
+
+ - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
+   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/cook script.
+
+     $ Meta/cook
+
+   This script inspects the history between master..pu, finds tips
+   of topic branches, compares what it found with the current
+   contents in Meta/whats-cooking.txt, and updates that file.
+   Topics not listed in the file but are found in master..pu are
+   added to the "New topics" section, topics listed in the file that
+   are no longer found in master..pu are moved to the "Graduated to
+   master" section, and topics whose commits changed their states
+   (e.g. used to be only in 'pu', now merged to 'next') are updated
+   with change markers "<<" and ">>".
+
+   Look for lines enclosed in "<<" and ">>"; they hold contents from
+   old file that are replaced by this integration round.  After
+   verifying them, remove the old part.  Review the description for
+   each topic and update its doneness and plan as needed.  To review
+   the updated plan, run
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w
+
+   which will pick up comments given to the topics, such as "Will
+   merge to 'next'", etc. (see Meta/cook script to learn what kind
+   of phrases are supported).
+
+ - Compile, test and install all four (five) integration branches;
+   Meta/Dothem script may aid this step.
+
+ - Format documentation if the 'master' branch was updated;
+   Meta/dodoc.sh script may aid this step.
+
+ - Push the integration branches out to public places; Meta/pushall
+   script may aid this step.
+
+Observations
+------------
 
 Some observations to be made.
 
- * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
-   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
-   of it is merged to 'master'.
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with other
+   topics cooking first in 'pu', then in 'jch' and then in 'next'.
+   Until it matures, no part of it is merged to 'master'.
 
  * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
    'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
    other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
-   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+   "Merge branch 'ai/topic' to next" for the same topic.
 
  * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
    merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
@@ -278,3 +366,80 @@ Some observations to be made.
  * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
    be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
    'master' branch typically is.
+
+
+Appendix
+--------
+
+Preparing a "merge-fix"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A merge of two topics may not textually conflict but still have
+conflict at the semantic level. A classic example is for one topic
+to rename an variable and all its uses, while another topic adds a
+new use of the variable under its old name. When these two topics
+are merged together, the reference to the variable newly added by
+the latter topic will still use the old name in the result.
+
+The Meta/Reintegrate script that is used by redo-jch and redo-pu
+scripts implements a crude but usable way to work this issue around.
+When the script merges branch $X, it checks if "refs/merge-fix/$X"
+exists, and if so, the effect of it is squashed into the result of
+the mechanical merge.  In other words,
+
+     $ echo $X | Meta/Reintegrate
+
+is roughly equivalent to this sequence:
+
+     $ git merge --rerere-autoupdate $X
+     $ git commit
+     $ git cherry-pick -n refs/merge-fix/$X
+     $ git commit --amend
+
+The goal of this "prepare a merge-fix" step is to come up with a
+commit that can be squashed into a result of mechanical merge to
+correct semantic conflicts.
+
+After finding that the result of merging branch "ai/topic" to an
+integration branch had such a semantic conflict, say pu~4, check the
+problematic merge out on a detached HEAD, edit the working tree to
+fix the semantic conflict, and make a separate commit to record the
+fix-up:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~4
+     $ git show -s --pretty=%s ;# double check
+     Merge branch 'ai/topic' to pu
+     $ edit
+     $ git commit -m 'merge-fix/ai/topic' -a
+
+Then make a reference "refs/merge-fix/ai/topic" to point at this
+result:
+
+     $ git update-ref refs/merge-fix/ai/topic HEAD
+
+Then double check the result by asking Meta/Reintegrate to redo the
+merge:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~5 ;# the parent of the problem merge
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate
+     $ git diff pu~4
+
+This time, because you prepared refs/merge-fix/ai/topic, the
+resulting merge should have been tweaked to include the fix for the
+semantic conflict.
+
+Note that this assumes that the order in which conflicting branches
+are merged does not change.  If the reason why merging ai/topic
+branch needs this merge-fix is because another branch merged earlier
+to the integration branch changed the underlying assumption ai/topic
+branch made (e.g. ai/topic branch added a site to refer to a
+variable, while the other branch renamed that variable and adjusted
+existing use sites), and if you changed redo-jch (or redo-pu) script
+to merge ai/topic branch before the other branch, then the above
+merge-fix should not be applied while merging ai/topic, but should
+instead be applied while merging the other branch.  You would need
+to move the fix to apply to the other branch, perhaps like this:
+
+      $ mf=refs/merge-fix
+      $ git update-ref $mf/$the_other_branch $mf/ai/topic
+      $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
index 36502f6718..d7de5a3e9e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
 Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
- commands to git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+ commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
 How to integrate new subcommands
 ================================
 
 This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
-commands to git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
 
 Runtime environment
 -------------------
 
-git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the git exec
+Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
 path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
 thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
 passing command-line arguments to them.
 
-(If "git foo" is not found in the git exec path, the wrapper
+(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
 will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it's possible
-to write local git extensions that don't live in system space.)
+to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.)
 
 Implementation languages
 ------------------------
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ Perl.
 While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
 these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won't
 accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want
-to broaden the git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
+to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
 surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
-git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
+Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
 but they should not be used for core functions.
 
 This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
-core because we need better Python integration in the git Windows
+core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
 installer before we can be confident people in that environment
 won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ functions available to built-in commands written in C.
 What every extension command needs
 ----------------------------------
 
-You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what git help
+You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
 followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
 a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It's
 often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Integrating a command
 ---------------------
 
 Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
-subcommand into the git tree.
+subcommand into the Git tree.
 
 1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
 6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
 that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
 subsections in the documentation's summary command list.  Add an entry
-for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-cmmands.txt
+for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-commands.txt
 in the main directory.
 
 7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
index 4627ee47f2..19ab604f1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Cc:	Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
 Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
 Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
- public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates
  the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
  is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
  upstream.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ up.  With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is
 the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
 
 I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
-GIT tools.
+Git tools.
 
 I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
 wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ you ran fsck-cache, which is normal.  After testing "pu", you
 can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
 
 While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
-to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.
 
 Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
index 00c1b45b79..25378f68d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Message-ID: <7vy86o6usx.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
- uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page
  shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ are built from Documentation/ directory of the git.git project
 and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
 are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
 the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
-when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.
 
 The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
 
-    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public Git repository.
     /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
 
 So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ script:
     EOF
 
 Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
-public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+public Git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
 day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
 like this:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
index 7484735320..1b3b188d3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ On Fri, 9 Nov 2007, Yossi Leybovich wrote:
 > Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 
-So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+So exactly *because* the SHA-1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
 itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
 object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
 
 The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
-same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes
 it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
 and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
 not the same disk/machine).
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ So:
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 
 This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
-it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+it's full SHA-1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
 
 Let's see what that tells us:
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ working tree, in which case fixing this problem is really simple, just do
 
 	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
 
-again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA-1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
 
 But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
 version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ and your repository is good again!
 	git log --raw --all
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index 8a685483f4..075418eeeb 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ merged. So it's debugging hell, because now you don't have lots of small
 changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
 
 But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
-purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real
 troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
 "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
 nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index a59ced8d04..85f69dbac9 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ How to revert an existing commit
 ================================
 
 One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
-break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+break building Git with GCC 2.95.  While they were well-intentioned
 portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
 important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
-branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and
 barebone Porcelain.
 
 First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ git pull . master
 Packing 0 objects
 Unpacking 0 objects
 
-* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+* commit-ish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
 Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
 Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
  cache.h        |    8 ++++----
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
index a695f01f0e..7f4943e102 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
-Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
 Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-How to setup git server over http
+How to setup Git server over http
 =================================
 
 Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
@@ -44,20 +44,20 @@ What's needed:
 
 - have permissions to chown a directory
 
-- have git installed on the client, and
+- have Git installed on the client, and
 
-- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
   the client.
 
 In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
 preconfigured WebDAV server.
 
 
-Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+Step 1: setup a bare Git repository
 -----------------------------------
 
-At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
-repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 is not installed on the server).
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git [x] Open as webfolder -> login .
 Step 3: setup the client
 ------------------------
 
-Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
 no argument should display a usage message.
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.
 
   On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
 
-If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
index 23cdf35435..7af2e52cf3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ How to use git-daemon
 =====================
 
 Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
-let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server
 real quick, right?
 
 Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
index 00f693bde8..bbf040eda8 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Earlier, a typical pull request may have started like this:
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy
 ------------
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The resulting msg.txt file begins like so:
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
 
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
index 625d3154ea..e9a1d5d25a 100644
--- a/Documentation/i18n.txt
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
+At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.
 
  - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
    are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
    What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
-   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
+   with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
    to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
    thing as pathname encoding translation.
 
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
    bytes.
 
 Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
-in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
 force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
-project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
 does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
 mind.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7f26039ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<start> and <end> can take one of these forms:
+
+- number
++
+If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
+absolute line number (lines count from 1).
++
+
+- /regex/
++
+This form will use the first line matching the given
+POSIX regex. If <start> is a regex, it will search from the end of
+the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+If <start> is ``^/regex/'', it will search from the start of file.
+If <end> is a regex, it will search
+starting at the line given by <start>.
++
+
+- +offset or -offset
++
+This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
+of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+
++
+If ``:<regex>'' is given in place of <start> and <end>, it denotes the range
+from the first funcname line that matches <regex>, up to the next
+funcname line. ``:<regex>'' searches from the end of the previous `-L` range,
+if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+``^:<regex>'' searches from the start of file.
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
index dd89fca3f8..4a8c276529 100644
--- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
-the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob
+configuration options, it
 is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
 canonical real names and email addresses.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 9bb4956ccd..d78d6d854e 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ merge.defaultToUpstream::
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
-	By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
 	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
 	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
-	this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
 	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
 	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
 	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ merge.renameLimit::
 	diff.renameLimit.
 
 merge.renormalize::
-	Tell git that canonical representation of files in the
+	Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the
 	repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record
 	text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line
-	endings).  In such a repository, git can convert the data
+	endings).  In such a repository, Git can convert the data
 	recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
 	merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts.  For more information,
 	see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ merge.stat::
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
 merge.tool::
-	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
-	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "araxis",
-	"bc3", "diffuse", "ecmerge", "emerge", "gvimdiff", "kdiff3", "meld",
-	"opendiff", "p4merge", "tkdiff", "tortoisemerge", "vimdiff"
-	and "xxdiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
-	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
+	that a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 0bcbe0ac3c..afba8d4f3b 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ failed and do not autocommit, to give the user a chance to
 inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
 
 --edit::
+-e::
 --no-edit::
 	Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to
 	further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user
 	can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be
 	used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally
-	discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are
+	discouraged). The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are
 	giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
 	and want to edit it in the editor.
 +
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ set to `no` at the beginning of them.
 
 --no-ff::
 	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
-	fast-forward.
+	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
+	annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
 
 --ff-only::
 	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
@@ -83,6 +85,11 @@ option can be used to override --squash.
 	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
 	strategy.
 
+--verify-signatures::
+--no-verify-signatures::
+	Verify that the commits being merged have good and trusted GPG signatures
+	and abort the merge in case they do not.
+
 --summary::
 --no-summary::
 	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 66db80296f..49a9a7d53f 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ patience;;
 	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
 	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
 
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
+	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
+	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
+
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index d9eddedc72..1d174fd0b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
@@ -106,18 +106,22 @@ The placeholders are:
 - '%P': parent hashes
 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
 - '%an': author name
-- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+  or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ae': author email
-- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
 - '%ar': author date, relative
 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
 - '%cn': committer name
-- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ce': committer email
-- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%cd': committer date
 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
 - '%cr': committer date, relative
@@ -131,26 +135,49 @@ The placeholders are:
 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 - '%N': commit notes
 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
-- '%G?': show either "G" for Good or "B" for Bad for a signed commit
+- '%G?': show "G" for a Good signature, "B" for a Bad signature, "U" for a good,
+  untrusted signature and "N" for no signature
 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+- '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}`
 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}`
 - '%gn': reflog identity name
-- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ge': reflog identity email
-- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%gs': reflog subject
 - '%Cred': switch color to red
 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
 - '%Creset': reset color
-- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
+  adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
+  enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
+  respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+  terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+  on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
 - '%m': left, right or boundary mark
 - '%n': newline
 - '%%': a raw '%'
 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
   linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+- '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
+  least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+  Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
+  or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
+  Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
+- '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
+  columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
+- '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding spaces on the left
+- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
+  respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
+  than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
 
 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index 5e499421a4..eea0e306a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ people using 80-column terminals.
 	This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 	used together.
 
---encoding[=<encoding>]::
+--encoding=<encoding>::
 	The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 	in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 	command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index beba065252..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-gittutorial(7)
-==============
-
-NOME
-----
-gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
-
-SINOPSE
---------
-git *
-
-DESCRIÇÃO
------------
-
-Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
-adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
-desenvolvedores.
-
-Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
-obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
-preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
-
-Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
-`git log --graph` com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ man git-log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-ou:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git help log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
-escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
-
-É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
-antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
-$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Importando um novo projeto
------------------------
-
-Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
-Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
-$ cd project
-$ git init
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Git irá responder
-
-------------------------------------------------
-Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
-novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
-
-A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
-arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add .
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
-chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
-conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
-primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
-
-Fazendo mudanças
---------------
-
-Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
-índice:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add file1 file2 file3
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
-para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
-
-(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
-que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
-pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
-adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
-mudanças com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
-e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
-
-Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
-novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
-
-Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
-idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
-caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
-e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
-commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
-cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
-
-Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
-----------------------------
-
-Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
-ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
-comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
-usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
-em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
-o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
-
-Visualizando a história do projeto
------------------------
-
-Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
-usando
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
-cada passo
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --stat --summary
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
------------------
-
-Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
-desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você executar agora
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-------------------------------------------------
-
-você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-  experimental
-* master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
-ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
-o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
-mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edita arquivo)
-$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
-foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
-
-Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edit file)
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
-cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
-master, execute
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git merge experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
-marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
-conflito;
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
-conflitos,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
-
-Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch -d experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
-ramo atual.
-
-Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
-sempre remover o ramo com
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git branch -D ideia-louca
--------------------------------------
-
-Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
-alguma coisa.
-
-Usando git para colaboração
----------------------------
-
-Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
-/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
-máquina, quer contribuir.
-
-Bob começa com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
-Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
-própria cópia da história do projeto original.
-
-Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(editar arquivos)
-bob$ git commit -a
-(repetir conforme necessário)
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
-repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ cd /home/alice/project
-alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
-Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
-precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
-"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
-
-O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
-um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
-
-Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
-gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
-com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
-usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
-mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
-de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
-unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
-forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
-
-Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
-"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
-especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
-que vale puxar, assim:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
-alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
-A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
-alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
-Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
-tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
-
-Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
-ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
-
-Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
-pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
-exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
-
-Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
-com gitk quanto com "git log".
-
-Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
-decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
-tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
-separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
-finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
-resultante.
-
-Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
-interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
-repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
-o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
-usando:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch bob
--------------------------------------
-
-Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
-repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
-armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
-ramo master de Alice.
-
-Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git merge bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
-assim:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
-mais foi passado na linha de comando.
-
-Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
-Alice, usando
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git pull
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
-Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
-repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
-para puxar:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
-/home/alice/project
--------------------------------------
-
-(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
-config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
-significado de cada opção.)
-
-Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
-"origin/master":
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git branch -r
-  origin/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
-executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
--------------------------------------
-
-Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
-http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
-
-Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
-repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
-veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
-
-Explorando história
------------------
-
-A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
-interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
-esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
-dá o nome para o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log
-commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
-Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
-
-    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
--------------------------------------
-
-Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
-commit.
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
--------------------------------------
-
-Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
-parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
-unicamente o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
-			# usualmente
-$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
-$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
--------------------------------------
-
-Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
-anterior do projeto:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
-$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
--------------------------------------
-
-você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
-compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
-uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
-assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
-
-Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
-quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
-$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
-			 # em v2.5
-$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
-			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
--------------------------------------
-
-Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
-em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
-posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
-commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
-publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
-forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
-a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
-'git-revert' no lugar.
-
-O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
-projeto, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello" v2.5
--------------------------------------
-
-procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
-
-Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
-quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello"
--------------------------------------
-
-é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
-git.
-
-Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
-ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
-$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
-$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
-$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
-				# Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
-primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
-as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
-comum algum tempo atrás, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log stable..master
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
-"stable", enquanto
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log master..stable
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
-"master".
-
-O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
-uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
-divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
-apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
-
-A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
-Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
-trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
-
--------------------------------------
-$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
--------------------------------------
-
-permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
-de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
-você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
-pressiona "-" ou "+".)
-
-Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
-também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
-commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
--------------------------------------
-
-Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show v2.5:Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Próximos passos
-----------
-
-Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
-distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
-plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
-idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
-
-  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
-    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
-
-  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
-    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
-    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
-
-A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
-índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
-máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
-
-Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
-outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
-
-  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
-    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
-    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
-    enviados por email.
-
-  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
-    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
-    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
-    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
-    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
-    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
-
-  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
-
-  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
-
-VEJA TAMBÉM
---------
-linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
-linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
-
-GIT
----
-Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
index 94a9d32f1d..18cffc25b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ Some short-cut notations are also supported.
 +
 * `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
   it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
-* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
-  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
-  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+* A parameter <ref> without a colon fetches that ref into FETCH_HEAD,
+endif::git-pull[]
+ifdef::git-pull[]
+* A parameter <ref> without a colon merges <ref> into the current
+  branch,
+endif::git-pull[]
+  and updates the remote-tracking branches (if any).
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 1ec14a068e..5bdfb42852 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ if it is part of the log message.
 --no-min-parents::
 --no-max-parents::
 
-	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many
+	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
 	commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`,
 	`--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`.  `--max-parents=0`
 	gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges.
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
 
 --boundary::
 
-	Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
-	not shown.
+	Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
+	prefixed with `-`.
 
 --
 
@@ -342,13 +342,13 @@ In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
 illustrate the differences between simplification settings.  We assume
 that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
-	 /     /   /   /   /
-	I     B   C   D   E
-	 \   /   /   /   /
-	  `-------------'
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
+	 /     /   /   /   /   /
+	I     B   C   D   E   Y
+	 \   /   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'   X
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of
+The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
 each merge.  The commits are:
 
 * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
@@ -367,8 +367,11 @@ each merge.  The commits are:
   `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
 * `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the
-  strings to "quux xyzzy".  Despite appearing interesting, `P` is
-  TREESAME to all parents.
+  strings to "quux xyzzy".  `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`.
+
+* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y`
+  modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and
+  `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`.
 
 'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding
 commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting
@@ -410,10 +413,10 @@ parent lines.
 	the example, we get
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	I  A  B  N  D  O
+	I  A  B  N  D  O  P  Q
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent.  `E`,
+`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents.  `E`,
 `C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others
 do not appear.
 +
@@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
 themselves.  This results in
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
 	 /     /   /   /   /
 	I     B   /   D   /
 	 \   /   /   /   /
@@ -441,7 +444,7 @@ themselves.  This results in
 Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
 was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
 rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`.  The same happened for `C` and
-`N`.  Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME.
+`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`.
 
 In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
 affects inclusion:
@@ -471,8 +474,9 @@ history according to the following rules:
 * Set `C'` to `C`.
 +
 * Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`.  In
-  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and
-  remove duplicates.
+  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
+  root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
+  to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
 +
 * If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has
   zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
 	  `---------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history':
+Note the major differences in `N`, `P` and `Q` over '--full-history':
 +
 --
 * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the
@@ -498,6 +502,10 @@ Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history':
 +
 * `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed.  `P` was then
   removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
++
+* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it
+  was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one
+  parent and is TREESAME.
 --
 
 Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:
@@ -617,6 +625,10 @@ By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
 	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
 	otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
 
+--author-date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
+
 --topo-order::
 	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
 	avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
@@ -649,7 +661,7 @@ together.
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.
 
 --objects::
 
@@ -717,7 +729,7 @@ format, often found in E-mail messages.
 +
 `--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
 +
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format.
 +
 `--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
 (either committer's or author's).
@@ -837,7 +849,4 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 -t::
 
 	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
-
--s::
-	Suppress diff output.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 991fcd8f3f..2c06ed34ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ SPECIFYING REVISIONS
 --------------------
 
 A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA-1'
 syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
 ones listed near the end of this list name trees and
 blobs contained in a commit.
 
 '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e'::
-  The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
   a leading substring that is unique within the repository.
   E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
   name the same commit object if there is no other object in
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ blobs contained in a commit.
   A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
   object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'.  If you
   happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can
-  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean.
   When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the
   first match in the following rules:
 
@@ -55,9 +55,12 @@ when you run `git cherry-pick`.
 +
 Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from
 the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
-While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is prefered as
+While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as
 some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
+'@'::
+  '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'.
+
 '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
   enclosed in a brace
@@ -88,10 +91,10 @@ some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
   The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
   before the current one.
 
-'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
-  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to
-  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  A missing ref defaults
-  to the current branch.
+'<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}')
+  refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on
+  top of.  A missing branchname defaults to the current one.
 
 '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
@@ -111,11 +114,23 @@ some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
-  brace pair means the object
-  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
-  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
-  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
+  brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until
+  an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).
+  For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'
+  describes the corresponding commit object.
+  Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}'
+  describes the corresponding tree object.
+  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
++
+'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
+object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and
+without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object,
+it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object.
++
+'rev{caret}\{tag\}' can be used to ensure that 'rev' identifies an
+existing tag object.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
@@ -239,11 +254,13 @@ To summarize:
 
 '<rev1>..<rev2>'::
 	Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude
-	those that are reachable from <rev1>.
+	those that are reachable from <rev1>.  When either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
 
 '<rev1>\...<rev2>'::
 	Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or
-	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.
+	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.  When
+	either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
 
 '<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
index 43dbe09f73..542946b1ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ Dynamically growing an array using realloc() is error prone and boring.
 
 Define your array with:
 
-* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
+  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
+  type);
 
 * an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
   allocation is, initialized to `0`;
@@ -13,22 +15,22 @@ Define your array with:
 * another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
   array currently has, initialized to `0`.
 
-Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
 alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
 calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
 
 ------------
-sometype *ary;
+sometype *item;
 size_t nr;
 size_t alloc
 
 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like ary[i] already)
+	if (we like item[i] already)
 		return;
 
 /* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
-ary[nr++] = value you like;
+ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
+item[nr++] = value you like;
 ------------
 
 You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index a959517b23..a6b7d83a8e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Functions
 	initial, empty state.
 
 `argv_array_detach`::
-	Detach the argv array from the `struct argv_array`, transfering
+	Detach the argv array from the `struct argv_array`, transferring
 	ownership of the allocated array and strings.
 
 `argv_array_free_detached`::
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
index b0cafe87be..f3c1357b7c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Adding a new built-in
 ---------------------
 
 There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
-git:
+Git:
 
 . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
   signature:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ where options is the bitwise-or of:
 
 `RUN_SETUP`::
 
-	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
+	Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a
 	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
 	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
 	done.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ where options is the bitwise-or of:
 	on bare repositories.
 	This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set.
 
-. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
+. Add `builtin/foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
 
 Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
index edf8dfb99b..230b3a0f60 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 config API
 ==========
 
-The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files
+The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
 (and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
 discussion of the config file syntax.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Config files are parsed linearly, and each variable found is passed to a
 caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
 for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
 some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
-several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks
+several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
 picking out different variables useful to themselves.
 
 A config callback function takes three parameters:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Basic Config Querying
 ---------------------
 
 Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
-that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
+that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
 call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
 
 `git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ value is left at the end).
 
 The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
 while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
-almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up
+almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
 configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
 `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
 process. It takes two extra parameters:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Regular `git_config` defaults to `1`.
 There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`.
 This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository
 config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful
-early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless
+early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless
 you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use
 this.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
index 5977b58e57..c1b42a40d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always
 refers to a username and password pair).
 
 This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
-subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to
+subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
 communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
-writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
+writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
 the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
 the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Typical setup
 
 ------------
 +-----------------------+
-| git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
+| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
 |                       |        authentication
 |.......................|
 | C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ Typical setup
 	| pipe |
 	|      v
 +-----------------------+
-| git credential helper |
+| Git credential helper |
 +-----------------------+
 ------------
 
-The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
+The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
 credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
 API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
 "git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ contacting the server, and does the actual authentication.
 C API
 -----
 
-The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to
+The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
 acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
 representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
 fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 		break;
 	default:
 		/*
-		 * Some other error occured. We don't know if the
+		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
 		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
 		 * credential subsystem.
 		 */
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 Credential Helpers
 ------------------
 
-Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
 credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
 in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
 
 Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
 variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
-The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
 these rules:
 
   1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[7] for a detailed specification).
 For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
 on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
 even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.
+attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
 If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
index add6f435b5..7f8e78d916 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -9,37 +9,51 @@ Data structure
 --------------
 
 `struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
-options are:
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
+`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
+recursively descends into subdirectories.
+
+The notable options are:
 
 `exclude_per_dir`::
 
 	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
 	files (typically `.gitignore`).
 
-`collect_ignored`::
+`flags`::
+
+	A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive):
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
+
+	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files.
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
 
-	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]`
+	in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`.
 
-`show_ignored`::
+`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
 
-	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
-	files.
+	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
+	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
+	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
+	directories.
 
-`show_other_directories`::
+`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Include a directory that is not tracked.
 
-`hide_empty_directories`::
+`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
 
-`no_gitlinks`::
+`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
 
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
 	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
 
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
 
 `entries[]`::
 
@@ -54,6 +68,14 @@ The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
 
 	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
 
+`ignored[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
+	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
+
+`ignored_nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
 
 Calling sequence
 ----------------
@@ -64,11 +86,13 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 * Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
   sizeof(dir))`.
 
-* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
-  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
-  the standard set of exclude settings.
+* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
+  `add_exclude()`.
+
+* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+  up the standard set of exclude settings.
 
 * Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
 
@@ -76,4 +100,6 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 
 * Use `dir.entries[]`.
 
+* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+
 (JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
index d6fc90ac7e..18142b6d29 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ The following utility functions are wrappers around `graph_next_line()` and
 They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
 output will be printed.
 
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
-  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
-  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
-  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
-  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
+  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
+  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
+  terminating newline.
 
 * `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
   stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
index 730cfacf78..eda8c195c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT API Documents
+Git API Documents
 =================
 
-GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+Git has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
 documents them.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 3062389404..0be2b5159f 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 parse-options API
 =================
 
-The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
 and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
 
 Basics
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ The parse-options API allows:
 * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending
   `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely,
   options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it.
+  Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set
+  integer to 0) by prepending `no-`.
 
 * Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--`
   option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that
@@ -174,6 +176,10 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
 	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
 
+`OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`.
+	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
+
 `OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`::
 	Introduce an option with argument.
 	The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr`
@@ -269,10 +275,10 @@ Examples
 --------
 
 See `test-parse-options.c` and
-`builtin-add.c`,
-`builtin-clone.c`,
-`builtin-commit.c`,
-`builtin-fetch.c`,
-`builtin-fsck.c`,
-`builtin-rm.c`
+`builtin/add.c`,
+`builtin/clone.c`,
+`builtin/commit.c`,
+`builtin/fetch.c`,
+`builtin/fsck.c`,
+`builtin/rm.c`
 for real-world examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
index dbbea95db7..aa1c50f181 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Iteration functions
 * `head_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_ref_in_submodule()`, `for_each_tag_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_branch_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_remote_ref_submodule()`
-  do the same as the functions descibed above but for a specified
+  do the same as the functions described above but for a specified
   submodule.
 
 * `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
index c54b17db69..4be87768f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Remotes configuration API
 
 The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
 remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
 fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
 configuration, giving them just the default information.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct remote
 `receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
 
 	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	git-native protocols.
+	Git-native protocols.
 
 `http_proxy`::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
index b7d0d9a8a7..55b878ade8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function.
 `reset_revision_walk`::
 
 	Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use
-	this to do multiple sequencial revision walks.
+	this to do multiple sequential revision walks.
 
 Data structures
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index f18b4f4817..5d7d7f2d32 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -55,10 +55,8 @@ The functions above do the following:
   non-zero.
 
 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
-  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
-  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
-  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
+  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
 
 
 `start_async`::
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
index 4f63a04d7d..540e455689 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,42 @@ Talk about
 * is_inside_git_dir()
 * is_inside_work_tree()
 * setup_work_tree()
-* get_pathspec()
 
 (Dscho)
+
+Pathspec
+--------
+
+See glossary-context.txt for the syntax of pathspec. In memory, a
+pathspec set is represented by "struct pathspec" and is prepared by
+parse_pathspec(). This function takes several arguments:
+
+- magic_mask specifies what features that are NOT supported by the
+  following code. If a user attempts to use such a feature,
+  parse_pathspec() can reject it early.
+
+- flags specifies other things that the caller wants parse_pathspec to
+  perform.
+
+- prefix and args come from cmd_* functions
+
+get_pathspec() is obsolete and should never be used in new code.
+
+parse_pathspec() helps catch unsupported features and reject them
+politely. At a lower level, different pathspec-related functions may
+not support the same set of features. Such pathspec-sensitive
+functions are guarded with GUARD_PATHSPEC(), which will die in an
+unfriendly way when an unsupported feature is requested.
+
+The command designers are supposed to make sure that GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+never dies. They have to make sure all unsupported features are caught
+by parse_pathspec(), not by GUARD_PATHSPEC. grepping GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+should give the designers all pathspec-sensitive codepaths and what
+features they support.
+
+A similar process is applied when a new pathspec magic is added. The
+designer lifts the GUARD_PATHSPEC restriction in the functions that
+support the new magic. At the same time (s)he has to make sure this
+new feature will be caught at parse_pathspec() in commands that cannot
+handle the new magic in some cases. grepping parse_pathspec() should
+help.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
index 45d1c517cd..3e75497a37 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sha1-array API
 ==============
 
-The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA1
+The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA-1
 identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
 making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
 not preserved over some operations.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Data Structures
 
 `struct sha1_array`::
 
-	A single array of SHA1 hashes. This should be initialized by
+	A single array of SHA-1 hashes. This should be initialized by
 	assignment from `SHA1_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `sha1` member contains
 	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
 	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
index 84686b5c69..3350d97dda 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ then they will free() it.
 	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
 	data.
 
+`strbuf_add_commented_lines`::
+
+	Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
+	by a comment character and a blank.
+
 `strbuf_add`::
 
 	Add data of given length to the buffer.
@@ -225,10 +230,20 @@ which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
 	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
 	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
 
+`strbuf_humanise_bytes`::
+
+	Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
+	3.50 MiB).
+
 `strbuf_addf`::
 
 	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
 
+`strbuf_commented_addf`::
+
+	Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
+	blank to the buffer.
+
 `strbuf_fread`::
 
 	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
index 7386bcab3e..20be348834 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -82,14 +82,6 @@ Functions
 	call free() on the util members of any items that have to be
 	deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
 
-`string_list_longest_prefix`::
-
-	Return the longest string within a string_list that is a
-	prefix (in the sense of prefixcmp()) of the specified string,
-	or NULL if no such prefix exists.  This function does not
-	require the string_list to be sorted (it does a linear
-	search).
-
 `print_string_list`::
 
 	Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..caf941a1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+HTTP transfer protocols
+=======================
+
+Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols.  A "dumb" protocol
+which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
+connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
+(or server module).  This document describes both protocols.
+
+As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
+protocol URLs to smart URLs.  This permits all users to have the
+same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
+efficient transport available to them.
+
+
+URL Format
+----------
+
+URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
+URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:
+
+  http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart>
+
+Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL will stand for
+the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.
+
+Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL, as
+both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
+by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
+supplied $GIT_URL string.
+
+An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355
+
+An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
+  URL request:  http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack
+
+An example of a request to a submodule:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs
+
+Clients MUST strip a trailing '/', if present, from the user supplied
+$GIT_URL string to prevent empty path tokens ('//') from appearing
+in any URL sent to a server.  Compatible clients MUST expand
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs' as 'foo/info/refs' and not 'foo//info/refs'.
+
+
+Authentication
+--------------
+
+Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
+to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
+HTTP server software.
+
+Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
+server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
+their HTTP server to control repository access.
+
+Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2616.
+Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
+HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.
+
+Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
+authentication or access control.
+
+Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
+authentication, such as Digest authentication.
+
+
+SSL
+---
+
+Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
+passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.
+
+
+Session State
+-------------
+
+The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
+from the perspective of the HTTP server side.  All state MUST be
+retained and managed by the client process.  This permits simple
+round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
+worry about state management.
+
+Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
+order to function correctly.
+
+Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
+Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
+as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1).  Servers SHOULD ignore any
+cookies sent by a client.
+
+
+General Request Processing
+--------------------------
+
+Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
+by both client and server.  This includes (but is not necessarily
+limited to):
+
+If there is no repository at $GIT_URL, or the resource pointed to by a
+location matching $GIT_URL does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
+with '200 OK' response.  A server SHOULD respond with
+'404 Not Found', '410 Gone', or any other suitable HTTP status code
+which does not imply the resource exists as requested.
+
+If there is a repository at $GIT_URL, but access is not currently
+permitted, the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP
+status code.
+
+Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.
+
+Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
+and/or If-None-Match request headers.
+
+Servers MAY return '304 Not Modified' if the relevant headers appear
+in the request and the entity has not changed.  Clients MUST treat
+'304 Not Modified' identical to '200 OK' by reusing the cached entity.
+
+Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
+Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching.  Clients and
+servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.
+
+
+Discovering References
+----------------------
+
+All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
+discovering the references available on the remote repository.
+
+Dumb Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
+references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
+the repository.
+
+Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET request to $GIT_URL/info/refs,
+without any search/query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
+"text/plain; charset=utf-8", but MAY be any content type.
+Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
+Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
+"application/x-git-".
+
+Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
+status code.  Valid responses are '200 OK', or '304 Not Modified'.
+
+The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
+each ref and its known value.  The file SHOULD be sorted by name
+according to the C locale ordering.  The file SHOULD NOT include
+the default ref named 'HEAD'.
+
+  info_refs   =  *( ref_record )
+  ref_record  =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+
+  any_ref     =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+  peeled_ref  =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+		 obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
+"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
+a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.
+
+The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
+'service=$servicename', where $servicename MUST be the service
+name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
+The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+
+   dumb server reply:
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+   smart server reply:
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
+   S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
+   S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
+   S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
+   S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
+
+Dumb Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.
+
+See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
+description of the dumb server response.
+
+Smart Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
+requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
+the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP status code.
+
+Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
+format for the requested service name.
+
+Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+The Content-Type MUST be 'application/x-$servicename-advertisement'.
+Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
+type is returned.  When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
+SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, but
+instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.  Clients MUST NOT
+continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.
+
+Clients MUST validate the status code is either '200 OK' or
+'304 Not Modified'.
+
+Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
+matches the regex "^[0-9a-f]{4}#".  If this test fails, clients
+MUST NOT continue.
+
+Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
+records.
+
+Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is "# service=$servicename".
+Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
+Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
+Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.
+
+Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic "0000" end
+pkt-line marker.
+
+The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
+its known value.  The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
+the C locale ordering.  The stream SHOULD include the default ref
+named 'HEAD' as the first ref.  The stream MUST include capability
+declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.
+
+  smart_reply     =  PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
+		     ref_list
+		     "0000"
+  ref_list        =  empty_list / non_empty_list
+
+  empty_list      =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)
+
+  non_empty_list  =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *ref_record
+
+  cap-list        =  capability *(SP capability)
+  capability      =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
+  LC_ALPHA        =  %x61-7A
+
+  ref_record      =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+  any_ref         =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+  peeled_ref      =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+		     PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Service git-upload-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack'.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
+   C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
+   C: 0000
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....ACK %s, continue
+   S: ....NAK
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached reponse.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one 'want' command in the request body.
+Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a 'want' command which did not
+appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
+server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want".
+
+  compute_request   =  want_list
+		       have_list
+		       request_end
+  request_end       =  "0000" / "done"
+
+  want_list         =  PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF)
+		       *(want_pkt)
+  want_pkt          =  PKT-LINE(want LF)
+  want              =  "want" SP id
+  cap_list          =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  have_list         =  *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+TODO: Don't use uppercase for variable names below.
+
+The Negotiation Algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
+(c = client, s = server):
+
+ init step:
+ (c) Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.
+ (c) Place any object seen into set ADVERTISED.
+
+ (c) Build an empty set, COMMON, to hold the objects that are later
+     determined to be on both ends.
+ (c) Build a set, WANT, of the objects from ADVERTISED the client
+     wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.
+
+ (c) Start a queue, C_PENDING, ordered by commit time (popping newest
+     first).  Add all client refs.  When a commit is popped from
+     the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
+     Commits MUST only enter the queue once.
+
+ one compute step:
+ (c) Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack request:
+
+   C: 0032want <WANT #1>...............................
+   C: 0032want <WANT #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <COMMON #1>.............................
+   C: 0032have <COMMON #2>.............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <HAVE #1>...............................
+   C: 0032have <HAVE #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0000
+
+     The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
+     appearing by itself in a pkt-line.  Within a command line
+     the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
+     and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
+     Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
+     the pkt-line value.
+
+     Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
+     at all in the request stream:
+
+       * want
+       * have
+
+     The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush ("0000").
+
+     A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
+     SHA-1 as its value.  Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
+     multiple commands.
+
+     The HAVE list is created by popping the first 32 commits
+     from C_PENDING.  Less can be supplied if C_PENDING empties.
+
+     If the client has sent 256 HAVE commits and has not yet
+     received one of those back from S_COMMON, or the client has
+     emptied C_PENDING it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
+     the server know it won't proceed:
+
+   C: 0009done
+
+  (s) Parse the git-upload-pack request:
+
+      Verify all objects in WANT are directly reachable from refs.
+
+      The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
+      the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.
+
+      If no WANT objects are received, send an error:
+
+TODO: Define error if no want lines are requested.
+
+      If any WANT object is not reachable, send an error:
+
+TODO: Define error if an invalid want is requested.
+
+     Create an empty list, S_COMMON.
+
+     If 'have' was sent:
+
+     Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.
+     For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
+     a ref, add it to S_COMMON.  If a commit is added to S_COMMON,
+     do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in HAVE.
+
+  (s) Send the git-upload-pack response:
+
+     If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
+     request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
+
+TODO: Document the pack based response
+   S: PACK...
+
+     The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
+     by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
+     stream 1.  Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
+     in stream 2.
+
+     Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
+     one path from every WANT to at least one COMMON object.
+
+     If the server needs more information, it replies with a
+     status continue response:
+
+TODO: Document the non-pack response
+
+  (c) Parse the upload-pack response:
+
+TODO: Document parsing response
+
+      Do another compute step.
+
+
+Smart Service git-receive-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack'.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
+   C: 0000
+   C: PACK....
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached reponse.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
+Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
+the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.
+
+  update_request  =  command_list
+		     "PACK" <binary data>
+
+  command_list    =  PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *(command_pkt)
+  command_pkt     =  PKT-LINE(command LF)
+  cap_list        =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  command         =  create / delete / update
+  create          =  zero-id SP new_id SP name
+  delete          =  old_id SP zero-id SP name
+  update          =  old_id SP new_id SP name
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)]
+link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1]
+link:technical/pack-protocol.html
+link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 7324154838..f352a9b22e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT index format
+Git index format
 ================
 
-== The git index file has the following format
+== The Git index file has the following format
 
   All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
   here unless stated otherwise.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ GIT index format
        The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
 
      4-byte version number:
-       The current supported versions are 2 and 3.
+       The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
 
      32-bit number of index entries.
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ GIT index format
    - Extensions
 
      Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
-     be ignored if GIT does not understand them.
+     be ignored if Git does not understand them.
 
-     GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
+     Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
 
      4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
      extension is optional and can be ignored.
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ GIT index format
     12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
     is stored in this field.
 
-  (Version 3) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the "extended flag"
-  above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
+  (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
+  "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
 
     1-bit reserved for future
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ GIT index format
 
   A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries.
   When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher
-  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton
+  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution
   is added.
 
   When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index a7871fb865..8e5bf60be3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-GIT pack format
+Git pack format
 ===============
 
 == pack-*.pack files have the following format:
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ GIT pack format
          The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
 
      4-byte version number (network byte order):
-         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+	 Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
          generates version 2 only.
 
      4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
@@ -26,13 +26,15 @@ GIT pack format
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name
+     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
+	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
 
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
 
 == Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
 
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@ GIT pack format
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
     packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
     footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
index 103eb5d989..b7bd95152e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
                   Where do I go
                to learn the details
-	    of git's packing heuristics?
+	    of Git's packing heuristics?
 
 Be careful what you ask!
 
-Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to
 February 10, 2006.
 
 It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ and seeks enlightenment.  Others are present, but silent.
 Let's listen in!
 
     <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
-        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+	learn the details of Git's packing heuristics?  google avails
         me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
         through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
         of that.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Ah!  Modesty after all.
 
     <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
 	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
-	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially
 	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
 
 It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Bait...
 
 And switch.  That ought to do it!
 
-    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+    <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
         - generate a list of all objects
         - sort the list according to magic heuristics
         - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Ah, grasshopper!  And thus the enlightenment begins anew.
 
     <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
         ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
-        ordered by SHA1.
+	ordered by SHA-1.
 
         Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
         window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
@@ -366,12 +366,6 @@ been detailed!
 
     <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first
 
-For the other record:
-
-    <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965
-
-The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
-
     <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff
         having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care.
 
@@ -382,7 +376,7 @@ The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
     <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
 
     <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
-        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+	because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and
         for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
 
 Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
@@ -432,12 +426,12 @@ Gasp!  OK, saved.  That's a fair Engineering trade off.  Close call!
 In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
 design options, etc.
 
-    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_
         never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
 
         Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
-        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
-        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+	behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean
+	that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and
         straightforward.
 
         It's all been quite stable.
@@ -461,6 +455,6 @@ Nuff said.
     <njs`> :-)
 
     <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
-        details on git packs :-)
+	details on Git packs :-)
 
 And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index f1a51edf47..b898e97988 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -228,8 +228,7 @@ obtained through ref discovery.
 The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies
 of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as
 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of
-the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which
-it does not know exists on the server.
+the client's history.
 
 The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for
 this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index b15517fa06..fd8ffa5df3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ was sent.  Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
 and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
 
-The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and
+The 'report-status', 'delete-refs', and 'quiet' capabilities are sent and
 recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
 
-The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack
-and receive-pack protocols.
+The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
+by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols.  The 'agent' capability
+may optionally be sent in both protocols.
 
 All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
 from server) process.
@@ -123,6 +124,20 @@ Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to
 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
 
+agent
+-----
+
+The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to
+notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may
+optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y`
+capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
+agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable
+ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
+are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
+agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
+purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programatically assume the presence
+or absence of particular features.
+
 shallow
 -------
 
@@ -168,7 +183,7 @@ of whether or not there are tags available.
 report-status
 -------------
 
-The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
+The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
 a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
@@ -185,3 +200,20 @@ it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
 value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
 to delete references.
+
+quiet
+-----
+
+If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is
+capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
+be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
+respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress
+reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
+(e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty).
+
+allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+----------------------
+
+If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
+send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 53aa0c82c2..242a044db9 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Use of index and Racy git problem
+Use of index and Racy Git problem
 =================================
 
 Background
 ----------
 
-The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
 It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
 paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
 write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
 "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
 often does not, match the files in the working tree.
 
-There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the
 virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
 working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
 diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
-`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, Git internally checks
 if the files in the working tree are different from what are
 recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
 during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ In order to speed up this comparison between the files in the
 working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
 information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
 call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
-git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
 with this information (this is what was originally done by the
 `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
 `ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
-stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
 files are modified without even looking at their contents.
 
 Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
 are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
-is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+is not useful.  Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
 files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
 files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
 timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than
 on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
 inode is evicted from the inode cache.  See commit 8ce13b0
 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
-([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
+([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems,
 2005-01-04).
 
-Racy git
+Racy Git
 --------
 
 There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ timestamp does not change, after this sequence, the cached stat
 information the index entry records still exactly match what you
 would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
 different.
-This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
 are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
-the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
 that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
 are called "racily clean".
 
-To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+To avoid this problem, Git does two things:
 
 . When the cached stat information says the file has not been
   modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ timestamp comparison check done with the former logic anymore.
 The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
 would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
 checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
-does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
 expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
 
 
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ them, and give the same timestamp to the index file:
   $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
   $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index
 
-This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux-2.6
-project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working
-tree.  On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
+This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux project, for
+example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree.  On my
+Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
 
   $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
   1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ of the cached stat information.
 Avoiding runtime penalty
 ------------------------
 
-In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
 to have a code that made sure the index file
 got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
 there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 0502a5471e..5183b15422 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
 these commits have no parents.
 *********************************************************
 
-The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into
 $GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
 of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
 cannot contain parent information).
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ even the config, since the user should not touch that file
 at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
 was never manually edited!).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
@@ -53,3 +53,6 @@ It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.
 You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
+number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
index 00f7e79c44..282758e768 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ REMOTES[[REMOTES]]
 The name of one of the following can be used instead
 of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
 
-* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 1d15ee7e52..9ccb24677e 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching
 and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
 them).
 
+The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
+should be used with caution on unsecured networks.
+
 The following syntaxes may be used with them:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
@@ -23,17 +26,23 @@ An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:
 
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
 
+This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
+first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
+colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an
+absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
+url.
+
 The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
-- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
 
 ifndef::git-clone[]
 These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@ These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
-When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
+When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
 may be used:
@@ -55,7 +64,7 @@ may be used:
 
 where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
-invoked. See linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1] for details.
+invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1] for details.
 
 If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 1b377dc207..cbb01a1ea2 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
-______________________________________________
-
+Git User Manual
+_______________
 
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
 This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
-command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.
 
 <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
 
 Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
 pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
-"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+`git clone <repo>`, you can either use:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ man git-clone
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ $ git help clone
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands,
 without any explanation.
 
 Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
@@ -46,10 +45,10 @@ Repositories and Branches
 =========================
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a git repository
+How to get a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
-It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
 
 The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
@@ -57,20 +56,20 @@ download a copy of an existing repository.  If you don't already have a
 project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+	# Git itself (approx. 40MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+	# the Linux kernel (approx. 640MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
 will only need to clone once.
 
-The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
-or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project
+(`git` or `linux` in the examples above).  After you cd into this
 directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
 called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
-top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ How to check out a different version of a project
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
-interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In Git each such
 version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
 
 Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along
 parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
 merge and diverge.
 
-A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
 does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
 latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
 you the list of branch heads:
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ As you can see, a commit shows who made the latest change, what they
 did, and why.
 
 Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
-"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the `git show` output.  You can usually
 refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
 longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
 name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ has that commit at all).  Since the object name is computed as a hash over the
 contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
 without its name also changing.
 
-In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git
 history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
 Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
 beginning of the project.
 
-However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of
 development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
 lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
 representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@ each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines
 of development leading to that point.
 
 The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
-command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
-commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how Git organizes history.
 
 In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
 if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ leading from commit Y to commit X.
 Understanding history: History diagrams
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
 lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
 
@@ -268,35 +267,31 @@ Manipulating branches
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
 
-git branch::
-	list all branches
-git branch <branch>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
-	point in history as the current branch
-git branch <branch> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
-	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
-	including using a branch name or a tag name
-git branch -d <branch>::
-	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
-	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
-	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
-git branch -D <branch>::
-	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
-	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
-	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
-	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
-	the branch.
-git checkout <branch>::
-	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
-	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
-git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+`git branch`::
+	list all branches.
+`git branch <branch>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same
+	point in history as the current branch.
+`git branch <branch> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing
+	`<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like,
+	including using a branch name or a tag name.
+`git branch -d <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch is not fully
+	merged in its upstream branch or contained in the current branch,
+	this command will fail with a warning.
+`git branch -D <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
+`git checkout <branch>`::
+	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
+`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
 	check it out.
 
 The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
-branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
-remember which branch is current:
+branch.  In fact, Git uses a file named `HEAD` in the `.git` directory
+to remember which branch is current:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/HEAD
@@ -313,10 +308,17 @@ referenced by a tag:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout v2.6.17
-Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
-If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
-(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
-  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
+
+You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
+changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
+state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+
+If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
+do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+
+  git checkout -b new_branch_name
+
 HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch:
 $ cat .git/HEAD
 427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from v2.6.17)
   master
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
 keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
 remote-tracking branches, which you
-can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+can view using the `-r` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ In this example, "origin" is called a remote repository, or "remote"
 for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
 branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
 above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
-be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+be updated by `git fetch` (hence `git pull`) and `git push`. See
 <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
 
 You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
@@ -374,10 +376,10 @@ on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
 write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
 
-Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
@@ -386,17 +388,17 @@ Naming branches, tags, and other references
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
-starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+starting with `refs`; the names we've been using so far are actually
 shorthand:
 
-	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
-	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
-	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+	- The branch `test` is short for `refs/heads/test`.
+	- The tag `v2.6.18` is short for `refs/tags/v2.6.18`.
+	- `origin/master` is short for `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
 
 The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
 exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
 
-(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the `.git/refs` directory,
 under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
 they may also be packed together in a single file; see
 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
 to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
 is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
 
-For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and
 the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
 references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@ Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her
 repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
 at the new commits.
 
-The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
+The command `git fetch`, with no arguments, will update all of the
 remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
 repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
@@ -431,43 +433,49 @@ You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
 cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-$ git fetch linux-nfs
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
-that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `staging`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
-linux-nfs/master
-origin/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
-named <remote> will be updated.
+If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches
+for the named `<remote>` will be updated.
 
-If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+If you examine the file `.git/config`, you will see that Git has added
 a new stanza:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/config
 ...
-[remote "linux-nfs"]
-	url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
+[remote "staging"]
+	url = git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/staging/*
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
-or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing `.git/config` with a
 text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring git history
+Exploring Git history
 =====================
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
@@ -499,7 +507,7 @@ Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this
 [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+If you run `git branch` at this point, you'll see that Git has
 temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
 branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
 is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
@@ -511,7 +519,7 @@ Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this
 [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling Git at each
 stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
 that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
 half each time.
@@ -545,24 +553,24 @@ id, and check it out with:
 $ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+then test, run `bisect good` or `bisect bad` as appropriate, and
 continue.
 
-Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
-fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+Instead of `git bisect visualize` and then `git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...`, you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip
 the current commit:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect skip
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first
 bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
 
 There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
 test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
-linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
-bisect" features.
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
+bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
 Naming commits
@@ -591,7 +599,7 @@ $ git show HEAD~4   # the great-great-grandparent
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
-^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+`^` and `~` follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
 also choose:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +648,7 @@ running
 $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+You can use `stable-1` to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
 
 This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
 comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
@@ -669,7 +677,7 @@ $ git log -S'foo()'	# commits which add or remove any file data
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
-commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+commits since v2.5 which touch the `Makefile` or any file under `fs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
@@ -681,11 +689,11 @@ You can also ask git log to show patches:
 $ git log -p
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+See the `--pretty` option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
 display options.
 
 Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
-backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain
 multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
@@ -732,7 +740,7 @@ $ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
-may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -742,8 +750,8 @@ Examples
 Counting the number of commits on a branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
-since it diverged from "origin":
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
+since it diverged from `origin`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
@@ -780,9 +788,9 @@ $ git rev-list master
 e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
-contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
-both: so
+Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits
+reachable from either one reference or the other but not
+both; so
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log origin...master
@@ -808,7 +816,7 @@ You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd:
 $ gitk e05db0fd..
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
+or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
 name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
 descendants:
 
@@ -852,8 +860,8 @@ because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1.
 
 As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
 the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
-side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.  So,
-you can run something like
+side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.
+So, if you run something like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
@@ -865,22 +873,22 @@ available
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then search for a line that looks like
+then a line like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 + ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
 available
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
-from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
+shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1,
+and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0.
 
 [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
 Showing commits unique to a given branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
-head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
 
 We can list all the heads in this repository with
 linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
@@ -894,7 +902,7 @@ a07157ac624b2524a059a3414e99f6f44bebc1e7 refs/heads/master
 1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove `master`, with
 the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -931,11 +939,20 @@ The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
 any version of a project; for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+$ git archive -o latest.tar.gz --prefix=project/ HEAD
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
-preceded by "project/".
+will use HEAD to produce a gzipped tar archive in which each filename
+is preceded by `project/`.  The output file format is inferred from
+the output file extension if possible, see linkgit:git-archive[1] for
+details.
+
+Versions of Git older than 1.7.7 don't know about the `tar.gz` format,
+you'll need to use gzip explicitly:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
 to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
@@ -984,16 +1001,23 @@ student.  The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with git
+Developing with Git
 ===================
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling git your name
+Telling Git your name
 ---------------------
 
-Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
-easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
-file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
+The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name 'Your Name Comes Here'
+$ git config --global user.email 'you@yourdomain.example.com'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Which will add the following to a file named `.gitconfig` in your
+home directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 [user]
@@ -1001,8 +1025,9 @@ file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
 	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details on the configuration file.)
+See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.  The file is plain text, so you can
+also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
@@ -1035,35 +1060,29 @@ Creating a new commit takes three steps:
 
 	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
 	   favorite editor.
-	2. Telling git about your changes.
-	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	2. Telling Git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about
 	   in step 2.
 
 In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
 times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
-at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
 special staging area called "the index."
 
 At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
-that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+that of the HEAD.  The command `git diff --cached`, which shows
 the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
 produce no output at that point.
 
 Modifying the index is easy:
 
-To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git add path/to/file
--------------------------------------------------
-
-To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
+To update the index with the contents of a new or modified file, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git add path/to/file
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
+To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git rm path/to/file
@@ -1084,7 +1103,7 @@ $ git diff
 
 shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
 
-Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+Note that `git add` always adds just the current contents of a file
 to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
 you run `git add` on the file again.
 
@@ -1094,7 +1113,7 @@ When you're ready, just run
 $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
 commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1138,7 +1157,7 @@ with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
 description.  The text up to the first blank line in a commit
 message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
-throughout git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
 commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
 rest of the commit in the body.
 
@@ -1147,16 +1166,17 @@ rest of the commit in the body.
 Ignoring files
 --------------
 
-A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
-backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git
 is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
 annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
 `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
 `git status`.
 
-You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
-in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called
+`.gitignore` in the top level of your working directory, with contents
+such as:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 # Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
@@ -1180,10 +1200,10 @@ for other users who clone your repository.
 
 If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
 (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
-them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
-specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
-commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
-See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+them in a file in your repository named `.git/info/exclude`, or in any
+file specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.
+Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
+command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
 How to merge
@@ -1196,10 +1216,10 @@ linkgit:git-merge[1]:
 $ git merge branchname
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+merges the development in the branch `branchname` into the current
 branch.
 
-A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in `branchname` and the
 changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
 their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
 the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
@@ -1227,7 +1247,7 @@ Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
 
 Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
 you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
-with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when
 creating a new file.
 
 If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
@@ -1238,7 +1258,7 @@ one to the top of the other branch.
 Resolving a merge
 -----------------
 
-When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
 information you need to help resolve the merge.
 
@@ -1274,14 +1294,14 @@ some information about the merge.  Normally you can just use this
 default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
 your own if desired.
 
-The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
 Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
 the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
 
@@ -1321,7 +1341,7 @@ that part is not conflicting and is not shown.  Same for stage 3).
 
 The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
 file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
-each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+each line by a single `+` or `-`, it now uses two columns: the first
 column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
 directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
 and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
@@ -1413,7 +1433,7 @@ parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that
 were merged.
 
 However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
-commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
+commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then Git
 just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
 forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
 commits being created.
@@ -1439,7 +1459,7 @@ fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
 
 	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
 	never do this if you have already made the history public;
-	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
 	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
@@ -1464,7 +1484,7 @@ You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:
 $ git revert HEAD^
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
 intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
 with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
 conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
@@ -1561,18 +1581,12 @@ $ git stash pop
 Ensuring good performance
 -------------------------
 
-On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
-
-This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
-should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git gc
--------------------------------------------------
-
-to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
-you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
+Git commands may automatically run linkgit:git-gc[1], so you don't
+have to worry about running it manually.  However, compressing a large
+repository may take a while, so you may want to call `gc` explicitly
+to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
@@ -1602,7 +1616,7 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f
 
 You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects
 that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of
-your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc".
+your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with `gc`.
 You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
 view real errors.
 
@@ -1614,11 +1628,11 @@ Recovering lost changes
 Reflogs
 ^^^^^^^
 
-Say you modify a branch with +linkgit:git-reset[1] \--hard+, and then
-realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
-history.
+Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
+and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
+that point in history.
 
-Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
 previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
 old history using, for example,
 
@@ -1627,8 +1641,8 @@ $ git log master@{1}
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
-"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
-that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+`master` branch head.  This syntax can be used with any Git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with `git log`.  Some other examples:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
@@ -1653,7 +1667,7 @@ pruned.  See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
 how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
-Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history.
 While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
 same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
@@ -1732,8 +1746,8 @@ one step:
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
-configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+In fact, if you have `master` checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by `git clone` to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
 origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
@@ -1748,11 +1762,11 @@ the current branch.
 More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
 will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+`branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
 linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
 
-In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, `git pull` also helps you by
 producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
 repository that you pulled from.
 
@@ -1760,7 +1774,7 @@ repository that you pulled from.
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
 updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
 
-The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+The `git pull` command can also be given `.` as the "remote" repository,
 in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
 the commands
 
@@ -1769,7 +1783,7 @@ $ git pull . branch
 $ git merge branch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-are roughly equivalent.  The former is actually very commonly used.
+are roughly equivalent.
 
 [[submitting-patches]]
 Submitting patches to a project
@@ -1785,7 +1799,7 @@ $ git format-patch origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
-for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+for each patch in the current branch but not in `origin/HEAD`.
 
 `git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert
 commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which
@@ -1807,7 +1821,7 @@ Importing patches to a project
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
 Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
-single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+single mailbox file, say `patches.mbox`, then run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git am -3 patches.mbox
@@ -1815,18 +1829,18 @@ $ git am -3 patches.mbox
 
 Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
 will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
-"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
-git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The `-3` option tells
+Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
 leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
 
 Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
 resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git am --resolved
+$ git am --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
 remaining patches from the mailbox.
 
 The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
@@ -1834,7 +1848,7 @@ the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public git repositories
+Public Git repositories
 -----------------------
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
@@ -1891,7 +1905,7 @@ We explain how to do this in the following sections.
 Setting up a public repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
 is meant to be public:
 
@@ -1901,28 +1915,28 @@ $ touch proj.git/git-daemon-export-ok
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
-just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+just the contents of the `.git` directory, without any files checked out
 around it.
 
-Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+Next, copy `proj.git` to the server where you plan to host the
 public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
 If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
-at.  You can then skip to the section
+directory to put the repository in, and what `git://` URL it will
+appear at.  You can then skip to the section
 "<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
 repository>>", below.
 
 Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
 listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
-that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file
 git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
 arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
 
@@ -1931,13 +1945,13 @@ linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details.  (See especially the
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via http
+Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
-host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
 
-All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in
 a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
 adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
 
@@ -1951,7 +1965,7 @@ $ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
 (For an explanation of the last two lines, see
 linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
 
-Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+Advertise the URL of `proj.git`.  Anybody else should then be able to
 clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1959,9 +1973,9 @@ $ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 (See also
-link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
+link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html[setup-git-server-over-http]
 for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
-allows pushing over http.)
+allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
 Pushing changes to a public repository
@@ -1974,8 +1988,8 @@ access, which you will need to update the public repository with the
 latest changes created in your private repository.
 
 The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
-update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
-branch named "master", run
+update the remote branch named `master` with the latest state of your
+branch named `master`, run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
@@ -1991,31 +2005,37 @@ As with `git fetch`, `git push` will complain if this does not result in a
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
 handling this case.
 
-Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+Note that the target of a `push` is normally a
 <<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
-repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
-will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
-the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
+currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
-save typing; so, for example, after
+save typing; so, for example:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add public-repo ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
 [remote "public-repo"]
-	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-EOF
+	url = yourserver.com:proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-you should be able to perform the above push with just
+which lets you do the same push with just
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push public-repo master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
-and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details.
+See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
+`branch.<name>.remote`, and `remote.<name>.push` options in
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
 What to do when a push fails
@@ -2046,6 +2066,13 @@ branch name with a plus sign:
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the
+`-f` flag to force the remote update, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push -f ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
 Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
 is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
 before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
@@ -2073,9 +2100,9 @@ all push to and pull from a single shared repository.  See
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
 set this up.
 
-However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared
 repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
-simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by
 exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
 advantages over the central shared repository:
 
@@ -2099,8 +2126,8 @@ Allowing web browsing of a repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
-project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
-gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+project's files and history without having to install Git; see the file
+gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -2110,7 +2137,7 @@ Examples
 Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
 
 He uses two public branches:
@@ -2131,7 +2158,7 @@ To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public
 tree:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git work
 $ cd work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2143,7 +2170,7 @@ linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
 
 Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
 at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
-the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+the `--track` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
 Linus by default.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2160,9 +2187,9 @@ $ git checkout release && git pull
 
 Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
 this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
-changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
 the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
-doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+doing this capriciously in the `release` branch, as these noisy commits
 will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
 from the release branch.
 
@@ -2173,7 +2200,7 @@ make it easy to push both branches to your public tree.  (See
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
 [remote "mytree"]
-	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
+	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux.git
 	push = release
 	push = test
 EOF
@@ -2204,7 +2231,7 @@ patches), and create a new branch from a recent stable tag of
 Linus's branch. Picking a stable base for your branch will:
 1) help you: by avoiding inclusion of unrelated and perhaps lightly
 tested changes
-2) help future bug hunters that use "git bisect" to find problems
+2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
@@ -2218,23 +2245,23 @@ commit to this branch.
 $ ... patch ... test  ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
+When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
 "test" branch in preparation to make it public:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
 spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
 
 Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
-same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+same branch into the `release` tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
 see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
-means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
@@ -2264,7 +2291,7 @@ If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
 
 Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
 then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+`origin/master` branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
 You detect this when the output from:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2279,27 +2306,23 @@ $ git branch -d branchname
 
 Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
 branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
-these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
-merge that into the "test" branch.
-
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
+these changes, just apply directly to the `release` branch, and then
+merge that into the `test` branch.
 
-and
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== update script ====
-# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# Update a branch in my Git tree.  If the branch to be updated
 # is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
 # origin/master branch into test|release branch
 
@@ -2317,7 +2340,7 @@ origin)
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 	;;
 esac
@@ -2331,7 +2354,7 @@ pname=$0
 
 usage()
 {
-	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
@@ -2357,7 +2380,7 @@ esac
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== status script ====
-# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+# report on status of my ia64 Git tree
 
 gb=$(tput setab 2)
 rb=$(tput setab 1)
@@ -2413,7 +2436,7 @@ Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
-cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
 
 However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
@@ -2455,8 +2478,8 @@ you are rewriting history.
 Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
-"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
+`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b mywork origin
@@ -2468,7 +2491,7 @@ $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
-sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+sequence of patches on top of `origin`:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O <-- origin
@@ -2477,7 +2500,7 @@ sequence of patches on top of "origin":
 ................................................
 
 Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
-"origin" has advanced:
+`origin` has advanced:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
@@ -2485,7 +2508,7 @@ Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
          a--b--c <-- mywork
 ................................................
 
-At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+At this point, you could use `pull` to merge your changes back in;
 the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
 
 ................................................
@@ -2504,7 +2527,7 @@ $ git rebase origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
-them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+them as patches (in a directory named `.git/rebase-apply`), update mywork to
 point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
 patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
 
@@ -2524,7 +2547,7 @@ running `git commit`, just run
 $ git rebase --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
 
 At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
 return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
@@ -2533,6 +2556,12 @@ return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
 $ git rebase --abort
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
 Rewriting a single commit
 -------------------------
@@ -2546,72 +2575,89 @@ $ git commit --amend
 
 which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
 changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
 
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
-with
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
-
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
+[[reordering-patch-series]]
+Reordering or selecting from a patch series
+-------------------------------------------
 
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
+$ git format-patch origin
+$ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
-then clean up with
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
+$ git am *.patch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
 
-[[reordering-patch-series]]
-Reordering or selecting from a patch series
--------------------------------------------
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
 
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
 
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git format-patch origin
-$ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
 
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list.  Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help.  When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.  If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`.  Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
 Other tools
@@ -2658,7 +2704,7 @@ Git has no way of knowing that the new head is an updated version of
 the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
 two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
 in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
-in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
 new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
 new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
 
@@ -2731,7 +2777,7 @@ linear history:
 Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
 and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
 
-Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when
 working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
 linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
@@ -2752,10 +2798,10 @@ arbitrary name:
 $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
-repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
-to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
-store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+The first argument, `origin`, just tells Git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells Git
+to fetch the branch named `todo` from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name `refs/heads/my-todo-work`.
 
 You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 
@@ -2763,8 +2809,8 @@ You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
-branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+will create a new branch named `example-master` and store in it the
+branch named `master` from the repository at the given URL.  If you
 already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
 master branch.  In more detail:
@@ -2773,7 +2819,7 @@ master branch.  In more detail:
 git fetch and fast-forwards
 ---------------------------
 
-In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
 branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
 branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
@@ -2799,11 +2845,11 @@ resulting in a situation like:
             o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
 ................................................
 
-In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+In this case, `git fetch` will fail, and print out a warning.
 
-In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as
 described in the following section.  However, note that in the
-situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled `a` and `b`,
 unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
@@ -2818,7 +2864,7 @@ descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the `-f`
 flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2832,9 +2878,9 @@ may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
 Configuring remote-tracking branches
 ------------------------------------
 
-We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
-stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using
 linkgit:git-config[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2850,48 +2896,34 @@ branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
 
 If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
 create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
-after
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+[remote "example"]
+	url = git://example.com/proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Even better, if you add one more option:
+Also note that the above configuration can be performed by directly
+editing the file `.git/config` instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1].
 
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-then the following commands will all do the same thing:
+After configuring the remote, the following three commands will do the
+same thing:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
+$ git fetch example +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 $ git fetch example
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
-throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
-
-Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
-directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
-linkgit:git-config[1].
-
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
-options mentioned above.
+options mentioned above and linkgit:git-fetch[1] for more details on
+the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
@@ -2900,7 +2932,7 @@ Git concepts
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
-git much more intuitive if you do.
+Git much more intuitive if you do.
 
 We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
@@ -2955,7 +2987,7 @@ Commit Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
-of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
 linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
 commit:
 
@@ -2994,10 +3026,10 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by:
 Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
 actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
 of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
-its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+its parents.  In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames
 explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
 file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
--M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+`-M` option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
 
 A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
 commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
@@ -3033,14 +3065,14 @@ another tree, representing the contents of a subdirectory.  Since trees
 and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
 contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
 contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
-are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+are identical.  This allows Git to quickly determine the differences
 between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
 identical object names.
 
 (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
 entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
 
-Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
@@ -3048,7 +3080,7 @@ Blob Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
-for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git show 6ff87c4664
@@ -3101,7 +3133,7 @@ sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA-1 hash)
 of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
 like GPG/PGP.
 
-To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
 Tag Object
@@ -3131,14 +3163,14 @@ nLE/L9aUXdWeTFPron96DLA=
 See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
 objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
-references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
-object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
 
 Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
 lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
@@ -3152,26 +3184,24 @@ The first number is the number of objects which are kept in
 individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
 those "loose" objects.
 
-You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in
 to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
 compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
-found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
+found in link:technical/pack-format.html[pack format].
 
 To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git repack
-Generating pack...
-Done counting 6020 objects.
-Deltifying 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Writing 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
-Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
+Counting objects: 6020, done.
+Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
+Compressing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Writing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Total 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can then run
+This creates a single "pack file" in .git/objects/pack/
+containing all currently unpacked objects.  You can then run
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git prune
@@ -3179,9 +3209,9 @@ $ git prune
 
 to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
 pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
-created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+created when, for example, you use `git reset` to remove a commit).
 You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
-.git/objects directory or by running
+`.git/objects` directory or by running
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git count-objects
@@ -3208,7 +3238,7 @@ branch still exists, as does everything it pointed to. The branch
 pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
 
 There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
-example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a `git add` of a
 file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
 bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
 that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
@@ -3251,14 +3281,14 @@ $ git show <dangling-blob/tree-sha-goes-here>
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
-what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+what the `ls` for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
 of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
 
 Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
 almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
 will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
 have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
-because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+because you interrupted a `git fetch` with ^C or something like that,
 leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
 dangling and useless.
 
@@ -3269,28 +3299,22 @@ state, you can just prune all unreachable objects:
 $ git prune
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+and they'll be gone. (You should only run `git prune` on a quiescent
 repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
 don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
-
-(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
-`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
-on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
-Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
-confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
-contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
-repository is a *BAD* idea).
+`git prune` is designed not to cause any harm in such cases of concurrent
+accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.)
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
 Recovering from repository corruption
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
-the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
 operating system errors could corrupt data.
 
 The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
-git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
 mechanism.
 
 As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
@@ -3316,7 +3340,7 @@ missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
 points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
 object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
-.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+`.git/objects/4b/9458b3...` and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
 still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
 which might output something like:
 
@@ -3331,10 +3355,10 @@ $ git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
-"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
-say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+`myfile`.  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in `somedirectory`.  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
 the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
-"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+`somedirectory/myfile`; you can test whether that's right with
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -3389,21 +3413,21 @@ $ git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
 
 and your repository is good again!
 
-(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+(Btw, you could have ignored the `fsck`, and started with doing a
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --raw --all
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
 The index
 -----------
 
-The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
 object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
 
@@ -3438,7 +3462,7 @@ It does this by storing some additional data for each entry (such as
 the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
 stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
 quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
-stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the
 data from such files to look for changes.
 
 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
@@ -3502,7 +3526,7 @@ with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and
 manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
 all.
 
-To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
+To see how submodule support works, create four example
 repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -3543,7 +3567,7 @@ $ ls -a
 
 The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
 
-- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+- It clones the submodule from `<repo>` to the given `<path>` under the
   current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
 - It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
   adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
@@ -3604,7 +3628,7 @@ working on a branch.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from d266b98)
   master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3669,13 +3693,13 @@ Did you forget to 'git add'?
 Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
 files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
-the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both `git status` and `git diff`
 in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
-modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
-diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
-output or used with the --submodule option:
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. `git
+diff` will also add a `-dirty` to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the `--submodule` option:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git diff
@@ -3711,15 +3735,17 @@ module a
 
 NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
 
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level git operations
+Low-level Git operations
 ========================
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
-scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
-be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
@@ -3750,7 +3776,7 @@ between the working tree, the index, and the object database.  Git
 provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
 individually.
 
-Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations
 work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
 index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
 the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
@@ -3773,7 +3799,7 @@ but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command
 will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
 i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
 
-To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
 longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
 should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
 
@@ -3849,7 +3875,7 @@ or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`.
 
 NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
 if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
-need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+need to use the `-f` flag ('before' the `-a` flag or the filename) to
 'force' the checkout.
 
 
@@ -3860,7 +3886,7 @@ from one representation to the other:
 Tying it all together
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
 behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
 history.
@@ -3872,7 +3898,7 @@ fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more
 previous states represented by other commits.
 
 In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
-of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
+of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in time,
 and explains how we got there.
 
 You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
@@ -3887,13 +3913,12 @@ redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).
 
 `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
 that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
-you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you
 save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
 result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
 what the last committed state was.
 
-Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
-various pieces fit together.
+Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together:
 
 ------------
 
@@ -3972,27 +3997,26 @@ to see what the top commit was.
 Merging multiple trees
 ----------------------
 
-Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
-repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
-"commit" the state.  The normal situation is that you'd only do one
-three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
-can do multiple parents in one go.
+Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be
+used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several
+times.  The usual situation is that you only do one three-way merge
+(reconciling two lines of history) and commit the result, but if
+you like to, you can merge several branches in one go.
 
-To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
-that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
-third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
-state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
+To perform a three-way merge, you start with the two commits you
+want to merge, find their closest common parent (a third commit),
+and compare the trees corresponding to these three commits.
 
-To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
-of two commits with
+To get the "base" for the merge, look up the common parent of two
+commits:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-which will return you the commit they are both based on.  You should
-now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
-do with (for example)
+This prints the name of a commit they are both based on. You should
+now look up the tree objects of those commits, which you can easily
+do with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
@@ -4044,7 +4068,7 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged
 
 Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
 the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
-filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
+filename.  The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it
 came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to
 the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree.
 
@@ -4056,7 +4080,7 @@ obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`.  What the
 above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
 `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
 You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
-program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on
 the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -4068,7 +4092,7 @@ $ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
 
 This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
 with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
-the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final
 merge result for this file is by:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -4077,11 +4101,11 @@ $ git update-index hello.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
-that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.
 
-The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level,
 to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
-In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
 for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
 stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
 
@@ -4092,11 +4116,11 @@ $ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking git
+Hacking Git
 ===========
 
-This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
-probably only git developers need to understand.
+This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
+probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
 Object storage format
@@ -4114,15 +4138,14 @@ about the data in the object.  It's worth noting that the SHA-1 hash
 that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
 plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
 for 'file'.
-(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
-was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
 
 As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
 independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
 be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
 file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
-forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
-size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+forms a sequence of
+`<ascii type without space> + <space> + <ascii decimal size> +
+<byte\0> + <binary object data>`.
 
 The structured objects can further have their structure and
 connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
@@ -4144,7 +4167,7 @@ A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
 $ git checkout e83c5163
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
-The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
 today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
 
 Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
@@ -4223,15 +4246,16 @@ no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly).
 Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
 command `git`.  The source side of a builtin is
 
-- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
-  and declared in `builtin.h`,
+- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin/<bla.c>`
+  (note that older versions of Git used to have it in `builtin-<bla>.c`
+  instead), and declared in `builtin.h`.
 
 - an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
 
 - an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
 
 Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file.  For
-example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
+example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin/log.c`,
 since they share quite a bit of code.  In that case, the commands which are
 _not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
 `BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
@@ -4254,10 +4278,10 @@ For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git cat-file`, because it
 - is plumbing, and
 
 - was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
-  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
+  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin/cat-file.c`
   when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
 
-So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
+So, look into `builtin/cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
 it does.
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4298,7 +4322,7 @@ Now, for the meat:
 This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
 object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
 works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
-read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read
 the source.
 
 To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
@@ -4333,7 +4357,7 @@ Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a
 builtin:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
+$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin/*.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
@@ -4479,7 +4503,7 @@ $ git bisect bad		# if this revision is bad.
 Making changes
 --------------
 
-Make sure git knows who to blame:
+Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
@@ -4529,7 +4553,7 @@ $ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
 $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
 -----------------------------------------------
 
-Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the
 current branch:
 
 -----------------------------------------------
@@ -4590,7 +4614,7 @@ The basic requirements:
 
 - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
   intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
-  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  any special knowledge of Git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
   should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
 - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
   they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
@@ -4601,10 +4625,10 @@ Think about how to create a clear chapter dependency graph that will
 allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
 everything in between.
 
-Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+Scan `Documentation/` for other stuff left out; in particular:
 
 - howto's
-- some of technical/?
+- some of `technical/`?
 - hooks
 - list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
 
@@ -4635,5 +4659,5 @@ Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
 Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
 
 More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 72e37c9bfe..b444c18f17 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.8.1
+DEF_VER=v1.8.4.GIT
 
 LF='
 '
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LF='
 if test -f version
 then
 	VN=$(cat version) || VN="$DEF_VER"
-elif test -d .git -o -f .git &&
+elif test -d ${GIT_DIR:-.git} -o -f .git &&
 	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=7 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
 	case "$VN" in
 	*$LF*) (exit 1) ;;
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 28f34bd254..ba01e7421e 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Issues of note:
 	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
 	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
 
-	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 	  (PPC_SHA1).
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@ Issues of note:
 	  use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 	  automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 
-	- Python version 2.6 or later is needed to use the git-p4
-	  interface to Perforce.
+	- Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
+	  supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
+	  to Perforce.
 
  - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
    but depending on your specific installation, you may not
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 736ecd45b5..de3d72c58a 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ all::
 # Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H if you have an old version of expat (e.g.,
+# 1.1 or 1.2) that provides xmlparse.h instead of expat.h.
+#
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
 # A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation,
 # plus libintl-perl at runtime.
@@ -74,10 +77,14 @@ all::
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (Cygwin 1.5, fixed in Cygwin 1.7).
 #
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h and need it for strcasecmp.
+#
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 #
+# Define NO_GETPAGESIZE if you don't have getpagesize.
+#
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have both strtoimax and strtoumax in the
@@ -94,13 +101,14 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
-#
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
 # FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
 #
+# Define NO_WILDMATCH if you do not want to use Git's wildmatch
+# implementation as fnmatch
+#
 # Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
 # in the C library.
 #
@@ -129,6 +137,10 @@ all::
 # specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
 # library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
 #
+# Define NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X
+# and do not want to use Apple's CommonCrypto library.  This allows you
+# to provide your own OpenSSL library, for example from MacPorts.
+#
 # Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable to make use of the bundled
 # optimized C SHA1 routine.
 #
@@ -165,6 +177,10 @@ all::
 # Define NO_POLL if you do not have or don't want to use poll().
 # This also implies NO_SYS_POLL_H.
 #
+# Define NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H if you need to include sys/param.h to compile,
+# *PLEASE* REPORT to git@vger.kernel.org if your platform needs this;
+# we want to know more about the issue.
+#
 # Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
 #
 # Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
@@ -233,11 +249,16 @@ all::
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
 # will work.
 #
+# Define PERL_PATH to the path of your Perl binary (usually /usr/bin/perl).
+#
 # Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
 # MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
 #
 # Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
 #
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to the path of your Python binary (often /usr/bin/python
+# but /usr/bin/python2.7 on some platforms).
+#
 # Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
@@ -326,19 +347,6 @@ GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-
-ifdef MSVC
-	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
-	uname_S := Windows
-	uname_O := Windows
-endif
-
 # CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
@@ -350,33 +358,39 @@ STRIP ?= strip
 # Among the variables below, these:
 #   gitexecdir
 #   template_dir
-#   mandir
-#   infodir
-#   htmldir
 #   sysconfdir
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# Additionally, the following will be treated as relative by "git" if they
+# begin with "$(prefix)/":
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
 # This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
 
 prefix = $(HOME)
 bindir_relative = bin
 bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
-mandir = share/man
-infodir = share/info
+mandir = $(prefix)/share/man
+infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
 gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
 mergetoolsdir = $(gitexecdir)/mergetools
 sharedir = $(prefix)/share
 gitwebdir = $(sharedir)/gitweb
 localedir = $(sharedir)/locale
 template_dir = share/git-core/templates
-htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+htmldir = $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
 ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 lib = lib
 # DESTDIR =
 pathsep = :
 
+mandir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(mandir))
+infodir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(infodir))
+htmldir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(htmldir))
+
 export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir gitwebdir localedir
 
 CC = cc
@@ -446,6 +460,7 @@ SCRIPT_SH += git-mergetool.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-quiltimport.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-remote-testgit.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-repack.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-request-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-stash.sh
@@ -470,12 +485,46 @@ SCRIPT_PERL += git-relink.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
 
-SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testgit.py
 SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-p4.py
 
-SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+NO_INSTALL += git-remote-testgit
+
+# Generated files for scripts
+SCRIPT_SH_GEN = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH))
+SCRIPT_PERL_GEN = $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN = $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON))
+
+SCRIPT_SH_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PERL_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN))
+
+# Individual rules to allow e.g.
+# "make -C ../.. SCRIPT_PERL=contrib/foo/bar.perl build-perl-script"
+# from subdirectories like contrib/*/
+.PHONY: build-perl-script build-sh-script build-python-script
+build-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+build-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+build-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+.PHONY: install-perl-script install-sh-script install-python-script
+install-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+
+.PHONY: clean-perl-script clean-sh-script clean-python-script
+clean-sh-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+clean-perl-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+clean-python-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+SCRIPTS = $(SCRIPT_SH_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS) \
 	  git-instaweb
 
 ETAGS_TARGET = TAGS
@@ -515,6 +564,8 @@ TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mergesort
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mktemp
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-prio-queue
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-read-cache
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-regex
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-revision-walking
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
@@ -524,6 +575,8 @@ TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-list
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-urlmatch-normalization
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-wildmatch
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
@@ -579,22 +632,6 @@ LIB_FILE = libgit.a
 XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
 VCSSVN_LIB = vcs-svn/lib.a
 
-LIB_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xutils.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xemit.h
-
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
-
 GENERATED_H += common-cmds.h
 
 LIB_H += advice.h
@@ -613,7 +650,6 @@ LIB_H += color.h
 LIB_H += column.h
 LIB_H += commit.h
 LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
-LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
 LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
 LIB_H += compat/obstack.h
 LIB_H += compat/poll/poll.h
@@ -645,23 +681,27 @@ LIB_H += help.h
 LIB_H += http.h
 LIB_H += kwset.h
 LIB_H += levenshtein.h
+LIB_H += line-log.h
+LIB_H += line-range.h
 LIB_H += list-objects.h
 LIB_H += ll-merge.h
 LIB_H += log-tree.h
 LIB_H += mailmap.h
-LIB_H += merge-file.h
+LIB_H += merge-blobs.h
 LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
 LIB_H += mergesort.h
 LIB_H += notes-cache.h
 LIB_H += notes-merge.h
+LIB_H += notes-utils.h
 LIB_H += notes.h
 LIB_H += object.h
-LIB_H += pack-refs.h
 LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
 LIB_H += pack.h
 LIB_H += parse-options.h
 LIB_H += patch-ids.h
+LIB_H += pathspec.h
 LIB_H += pkt-line.h
+LIB_H += prio-queue.h
 LIB_H += progress.h
 LIB_H += prompt.h
 LIB_H += quote.h
@@ -692,13 +732,28 @@ LIB_H += tree-walk.h
 LIB_H += tree.h
 LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
 LIB_H += url.h
+LIB_H += urlmatch.h
 LIB_H += userdiff.h
 LIB_H += utf8.h
 LIB_H += varint.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
 LIB_H += walker.h
+LIB_H += wildmatch.h
 LIB_H += wt-status.h
 LIB_H += xdiff-interface.h
 LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xemit.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xutils.h
 
 LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
 LIB_OBJS += advice.o
@@ -758,6 +813,8 @@ LIB_OBJS += hex.o
 LIB_OBJS += ident.o
 LIB_OBJS += kwset.o
 LIB_OBJS += levenshtein.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-log.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-range.o
 LIB_OBJS += list-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += ll-merge.o
 LIB_OBJS += lockfile.o
@@ -765,16 +822,16 @@ LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge.o
-LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-blobs.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
 LIB_OBJS += mergesort.o
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-cache.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes-utils.o
 LIB_OBJS += object.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
-LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-revindex.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pager.o
@@ -783,9 +840,11 @@ LIB_OBJS += parse-options-cb.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
 LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pathspec.o
 LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
 LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
+LIB_OBJS += prio-queue.o
 LIB_OBJS += progress.o
 LIB_OBJS += prompt.o
 LIB_OBJS += quote.o
@@ -824,12 +883,14 @@ LIB_OBJS += tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += tree-walk.o
 LIB_OBJS += unpack-trees.o
 LIB_OBJS += url.o
+LIB_OBJS += urlmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += usage.o
 LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
 LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
 LIB_OBJS += varint.o
 LIB_OBJS += version.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
 LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
@@ -847,6 +908,8 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/branch.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/bundle.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/cat-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ignore.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-mailmap.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ref-format.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout-index.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout.o
@@ -937,518 +1000,7 @@ EXTLIBS =
 
 GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
 
-#
-# Platform specific tweaks
-#
-
-# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
-# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
-# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
-
-ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
-	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
-	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
-	SOCKLEN_T = int
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
-	CC = cc
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
-		CFLAGS = -O2
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
-		CC = cc
-		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	endif
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
-		SOCKLEN_T = int
-		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
-		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
-	TAR = gtar
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
-		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-		CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	# There are conflicting reports about this.
-	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
-	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	X = .exe
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
-		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	endif
-	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
-		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	endif
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
-	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
-		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
-	else
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
-		INLINE = ''
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
-	# GNU/Hurd
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
-	INLINE = __inline
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
-		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
-		INLINE =
-		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
-		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
-	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
-	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
-
-	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
-	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
-	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	lib =
-ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
-	AR += -LTCG
-else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
-endif
-	X = .exe
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
-	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_RESOLV =
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL =
-	NO_EXPAT =
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
-	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
-	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
-	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
-	CC = cc -c99
-	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
-	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
-	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
-	CFLAGS = -g -O0
-	# We'd want it to be here.
-	prefix = /usr/local
-	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
-	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
-	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
-
-	# As detected by './configure'.
-	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
-	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	# Added manually, see above.
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
-	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
-
-	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
-	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
-	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
-	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
-	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
-	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
-	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
-	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
-endif
-ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/dirent.o
-	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	X = .exe
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
-	htmldir = doc/git/html/
-	prefix =
-	INSTALL = /bin/install
-	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
-	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-else
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-endif
-endif
-
+include config.mak.uname
 -include config.mak.autogen
 -include config.mak
 
@@ -1471,7 +1023,8 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),auto)
 dep_check = $(shell $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) \
-	-c -MF /dev/null -MMD -MP -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
+	-c -MF /dev/null -MQ /dev/null -MMD -MP \
+	-x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
 	echo $$?)
 ifeq ($(dep_check),0)
 override COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = yes
@@ -1518,6 +1071,11 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
 		endif
 	endif
+	ifndef NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+		APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DAPPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	endif
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 endif
 
@@ -1586,6 +1144,9 @@ else
 		else
 			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
 		endif
+		ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -DEXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+		endif
 	endif
 endif
 
@@ -1619,6 +1180,9 @@ ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO
 else
 	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto
 endif
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO += -framework Security -framework CoreFoundation
+endif
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	ifdef ICONVDIR
@@ -1655,6 +1219,9 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 endif
+ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+endif
 ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 endif
@@ -1708,10 +1275,6 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_STRTOULL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
 endif
-ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
-endif
 ifdef NO_FNMATCH
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
@@ -1723,6 +1286,9 @@ ifdef NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
 endif
 endif
+ifndef NO_WILDMATCH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DUSE_WILDMATCH
+endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1748,6 +1314,9 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+endif
 ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
 endif
@@ -1844,10 +1413,16 @@ ifdef PPC_SHA1
 	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
 	LIB_H += ppc/sha1.h
 else
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCOMMON_DIGEST_FOR_OPENSSL
+	SHA1_HEADER = <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
+else
 	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
 	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 endif
@@ -1859,6 +1434,9 @@ ifdef NO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETPAGESIZE
+endif
 ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
@@ -1884,6 +1462,10 @@ ifdef HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H
 	EXTLIBS += $(CHARSET_LIB)
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRINGS_H
+endif
+
 ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_DEV_TTY
 endif
@@ -1898,9 +1480,6 @@ ifdef NO_REGEX
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/regex
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/regex/regex.o
 endif
-ifdef CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
-endif
 
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
        COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/nedmalloc
@@ -1952,6 +1531,7 @@ ifndef V
 	QUIET_MSGFMT   = @echo '   ' MSGFMT $@;
 	QUIET_GCOV     = @echo '   ' GCOV $@;
 	QUIET_SP       = @echo '   ' SP $<;
+	QUIET_RC       = @echo '   ' RC $@;
 	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
 	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
 			 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
@@ -1994,12 +1574,12 @@ ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES))
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
-mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
-infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+mandir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir_relative))
+infodir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir_relative))
 localedir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(localedir))
 gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
 template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
-htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+htmldir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir_relative))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
 gitwebdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitwebdir))
 
@@ -2083,9 +1663,6 @@ endif
 ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' localedir='$(localedir_SQ)' all
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git_remote_helpers $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
-endif
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)templates $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
 
 please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
@@ -2094,7 +1671,7 @@ please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
 shell_compatibility_test: please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
 
 strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
+	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $^
 
 ### Target-specific flags and dependencies
 
@@ -2131,9 +1708,9 @@ strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
 
 git.sp git.s git.o: GIT-PREFIX
 git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 git$X: git.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
@@ -2143,9 +1720,9 @@ help.sp help.s help.o: common-cmds.h
 
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 version.sp version.s version.o: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-USER-AGENT
 version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
@@ -2154,9 +1731,9 @@ version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 
 $(BUILT_INS): git$X
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
-	ln git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	ln -s git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	cp git$X $@
+	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp $< $@
 
 common-cmds.h: ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
 
@@ -2183,7 +1760,7 @@ endef
 GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
             fi
 
@@ -2197,6 +1774,11 @@ $(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_RC)$(RC) \
+	  $(join -DMAJOR= -DMINOR= -DPATCH=, $(wordlist 1,3,$(subst -, ,$(subst ., ,$(GIT_VERSION))))) \
+	  -DGIT_VERSION="\\\"$(GIT_VERSION)\\\"" $< -o $@
+
 ifndef NO_PERL
 $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
 
@@ -2221,7 +1803,7 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	    -e '	x' \
 	    -e '}' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $@.perl >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
@@ -2245,20 +1827,15 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
 endif # NO_PERL
 
 ifndef NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : %.py
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
-		--no-print-directory prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' \
-		instlibdir` && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*python|#!$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's|\(os\.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB"\)[^)]*)|\1,"@@INSTLIBDIR@@")|' \
-	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
-	    $@.py >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PYTHON=$(NO_PYTHON)|g' \
@@ -2267,16 +1844,24 @@ $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PYTHON
 
+CONFIGURE_RECIPE = $(RM) configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+			configure.ac >configure.ac+ && \
+		   autoconf -o configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   $(RM) configure.ac+
+
 configure: configure.ac GIT-VERSION-FILE
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $< > $<+ && \
-	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
-	$(RM) $<+
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE)
 
 ifdef AUTOCONFIGURED
-config.status: configure
-	$(QUIET_GEN)if test -f config.status; then \
+# We avoid depending on 'configure' here, because it gets rebuilt
+# every time GIT-VERSION-FILE is modified, only to update the embedded
+# version number string, which config.status does not care about.  We
+# do want to recheck when the platform/environment detection logic
+# changes, hence this depends on configure.ac.
+config.status: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE) && \
+	if test -f config.status; then \
 	  ./config.status --recheck; \
 	else \
 	  ./configure; \
@@ -2319,7 +1904,7 @@ $(dep_dirs):
 
 missing_dep_dirs := $(filter-out $(wildcard $(dep_dirs)),$(dep_dirs))
 dep_file = $(dir $@).depend/$(notdir $@).d
-dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MMD -MP
+dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MQ $@ -MMD -MP
 ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 $(error cannot compute header dependencies outside a normal build. \
 Please unset CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
@@ -2445,6 +2030,7 @@ endif
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
 compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DNDEBUG -DOVERRIDE_STRDUP -DREPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR
+compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += -Wno-non-pointer-null
 endif
 
 git-%$X: %.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
@@ -2476,13 +2062,13 @@ $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY): remote-curl.o http.o http-walker.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
 $(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(VCSSVN_LIB): $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 export DEFAULT_EDITOR DEFAULT_PAGER
 
@@ -2564,7 +2150,7 @@ TRACK_PREFIX = $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
 GIT-PREFIX: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_PREFIX)'; \
 	if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-PREFIX 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-PREFIX; \
 	fi
 
@@ -2573,7 +2159,7 @@ TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
 GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new build flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2582,7 +2168,7 @@ TRACK_LDFLAGS = $(subst ','\'',$(ALL_LDFLAGS))
 GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_LDFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new link flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new link flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-LDFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2600,6 +2186,9 @@ GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS: FORCE
 	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_UNIX_SOCKETS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)))'\' >>$@
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+	@echo TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)))'\' >>$@
+endif
 ifdef GIT_TEST_OPTS
 	@echo GIT_TEST_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
@@ -2624,14 +2213,14 @@ ifdef GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	@echo GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
 
-### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
-ifndef NO_TCLTK
-TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+### Detect Python interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+TRACK_PYTHON = $(subst ','\'',-DPYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)')
 
-GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
-	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+GIT-PYTHON-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_PYTHON)'; \
 	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new Python interpreter location"; \
 		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
             fi
 endif
@@ -2639,6 +2228,7 @@ endif
 test_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,bin-wrappers/%,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X) $(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
 all:: $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(test_bindir_programs)
+all:: $(NO_INSTALL)
 
 bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
@@ -2703,9 +2293,6 @@ check: common-cmds.h
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-remove-dashes:
-	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
-
 ### Installation rules
 
 ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
@@ -2750,9 +2337,6 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C perl prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb install
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
-endif
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git install
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' install
@@ -2884,13 +2468,12 @@ profile-clean:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 
-clean: profile-clean
-	$(RM) *.o block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
+clean: profile-clean coverage-clean
+	$(RM) *.o *.res block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
 		builtin/*.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
-	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
-	$(RM) -r $(dep_dirs)
+	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(NO_INSTALL)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers $(dep_dirs)
 	$(RM) -r po/build/
 	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h $(ETAGS_TARGET) tags cscope*
 	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
@@ -2901,17 +2484,14 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb clean
 	$(MAKE) -C perl clean
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers clean
-endif
 	$(MAKE) -C templates/ clean
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
 endif
-	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
-	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 
 .PHONY: all install profile-clean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
@@ -2966,29 +2546,34 @@ check-builtins::
 
 ### Test suite coverage testing
 #
-.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-build coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-compile coverage-test coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage-clean-results
 
 coverage:
-	$(MAKE) coverage-build
-	$(MAKE) coverage-report
+	$(MAKE) coverage-test
+	$(MAKE) coverage-untested-functions
 
 object_dirs := $(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS)))
-coverage-clean:
+coverage-clean-results:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcov,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(object_dirs))
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) coverage-untested-functions
 	$(RM) -r cover_db/
 	$(RM) -r cover_db_html/
 
+coverage-clean: coverage-clean-results
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
+
 COVERAGE_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O0 -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
 COVERAGE_LDFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)  -O0 -lgcov
 GCOVFLAGS = --preserve-paths --branch-probabilities --all-blocks
 
-coverage-build: coverage-clean
+coverage-compile:
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" all
+
+coverage-test: coverage-clean-results coverage-compile
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" \
-		-j1 test
+		DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=test -j1 test
 
 coverage-report:
 	$(QUIET_GCOV)for dir in $(object_dirs); do \
diff --git a/README b/README
index 49713ea08e..15a8e23501 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+	Git - the stupid content tracker
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -47,11 +47,10 @@ requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read
 Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission).
 To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
 the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
-available at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival
-sites.
-
-The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
-git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
-the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
-reference for project status, development direction and
-remaining tasks.
+available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
+http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
+
+The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
+list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
+list.  The discussion following them give a good reference for
+project status, development direction and remaining tasks.
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index 28607146f3..61c3b54134 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index 05f2d79348..64adbe2a1b 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -15,16 +15,34 @@ int is_directory(const char *path)
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * Use this to get the real path, i.e. resolve links. If you want an
- * absolute path but don't mind links, use absolute_path.
+ * Return the real path (i.e., absolute path, with symlinks resolved
+ * and extra slashes removed) equivalent to the specified path.  (If
+ * you want an absolute path but don't mind links, use
+ * absolute_path().)  The return value is a pointer to a static
+ * buffer.
+ *
+ * The input and all intermediate paths must be shorter than MAX_PATH.
+ * The directory part of path (i.e., everything up to the last
+ * dir_sep) must denote a valid, existing directory, but the last
+ * component need not exist.  If die_on_error is set, then die with an
+ * informative error message if there is a problem.  Otherwise, return
+ * NULL on errors (without generating any output).
  *
  * If path is our buffer, then return path, as it's already what the
  * user wants.
  */
-const char *real_path(const char *path)
+static const char *real_path_internal(const char *path, int die_on_error)
 {
 	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
+	char *retval = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have to temporarily chdir(), store the original CWD
+	 * here so that we can chdir() back to it at the end of the
+	 * function:
+	 */
 	char cwd[1024] = "";
+
 	int buf_index = 1;
 
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
@@ -35,11 +53,19 @@ const char *real_path(const char *path)
 	if (path == buf || path == next_buf)
 		return path;
 
-	if (!*path)
-		die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+	if (!*path) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
 
-	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
 
 	while (depth--) {
 		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
@@ -54,20 +80,36 @@ const char *real_path(const char *path)
 		}
 
 		if (*buf) {
-			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 
-			if (chdir(buf))
-				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+			if (chdir(buf)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX)) {
+			if (die_on_error)
+				die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+			else
+				goto error_out;
 		}
-		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
-			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
 
 		if (last_elem) {
 			size_t len = strlen(buf);
-			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
-				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
-						buf, last_elem);
+			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
+					    buf, last_elem);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len-1]))
 				buf[len++] = '/';
 			strcpy(buf + len, last_elem);
@@ -77,10 +119,18 @@ const char *real_path(const char *path)
 
 		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
-			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
-				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			if (PATH_MAX <= len) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 			next_buf[len] = '\0';
 			buf = next_buf;
 			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
@@ -89,10 +139,23 @@ const char *real_path(const char *path)
 			break;
 	}
 
+	retval = buf;
+error_out:
+	free(last_elem);
 	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
 		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
 
-	return buf;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+const char *real_path(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 1);
+}
+
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 0);
 }
 
 static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
@@ -153,7 +216,7 @@ const char *absolute_path(const char *path)
 const char *prefix_filename(const char *pfx, int pfx_len, const char *arg)
 {
 	static char path[PATH_MAX];
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	if (!pfx_len || is_absolute_path(arg))
 		return arg;
 	memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index edfbd4a6fb..3eca9f5ffd 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -1,28 +1,45 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_push_update_rejected = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_default = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
+int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
+int advice_set_upstream_failure = 1;
+int advice_object_name_warning = 1;
+int advice_rm_hints = 1;
 
 static struct {
 	const char *name;
 	int *preference;
 } advice_config[] = {
-	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "pushupdaterejected", &advice_push_update_rejected },
 	{ "pushnonffcurrent", &advice_push_non_ff_current },
 	{ "pushnonffdefault", &advice_push_non_ff_default },
 	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
+	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "statusuoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedhead", &advice_detached_head },
+	{ "setupstreamfailure", &advice_set_upstream_failure },
+	{ "objectnamewarning", &advice_object_name_warning },
+	{ "rmhints", &advice_rm_hints },
+
+	/* make this an alias for backward compatibility */
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_update_rejected }
 };
 
 void advise(const char *advice, ...)
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index f3cdbbf29e..08fbc8ee3c 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -3,17 +3,25 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 
-extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_push_update_rejected;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_default;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
+extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
+extern int advice_set_upstream_failure;
+extern int advice_object_name_warning;
+extern int advice_rm_hints;
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 void advise(const char *advice, ...);
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
 extern void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index 0ba3f25cf5..719b6298e6 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > 1 && path[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 	if (i > maxlen)
 		i = maxlen;
 	do {
@@ -325,21 +327,13 @@ static struct archiver *find_tar_filter(const char *name, int len)
 static int tar_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct archiver *ar;
-	const char *dot;
 	const char *name;
 	const char *type;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "tar."))
-		return 0;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 9)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "tar", &name, &namelen, &type) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	name = var + 4;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	type = dot + 1;
-
 	ar = find_tar_filter(name, namelen);
 	if (!ar) {
 		ar = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ar));
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 55f66b4060..4bde019bce 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -111,8 +111,9 @@ static void copy_le32(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
 }
 
-static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
-		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+static void *zlib_deflate_raw(void *data, unsigned long size,
+			      int compression_level,
+			      unsigned long *compressed_size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
 	int result;
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-	git_deflate_init(&stream, compression_level);
+	git_deflate_init_raw(&stream, compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
 
@@ -231,7 +232,6 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 		size = 0;
 		compressed_size = 0;
 		buffer = NULL;
-		size = 0;
 	} else if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
 
@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0 && size > 0)
 			method = 8;
-		compressed_size = size;
 
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && type == OBJ_BLOB && !args->convert &&
 		    size > big_file_threshold) {
@@ -259,20 +258,18 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 			crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
 			out = buffer;
 		}
+		compressed_size = (method == 0) ? size : 0;
 	} else {
 		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
 				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
 	if (buffer && method == 8) {
-		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
-				&compressed_size);
-		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
-			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
-			/* CMF and FLG ... */
-			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
-			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
-		} else {
+		out = deflated = zlib_deflate_raw(buffer, size,
+						  args->compression_level,
+						  &compressed_size);
+		if (!out || compressed_size >= size) {
+			out = buffer;
 			method = 0;
 			compressed_size = size;
 		}
@@ -313,10 +310,7 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
-	if (flags & ZIP_STREAM)
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, 0, 0, 0);
-	else
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
 	copy_le16(header.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
@@ -356,7 +350,7 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 		unsigned char compressed[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE * 2];
 
 		memset(&zstream, 0, sizeof(zstream));
-		git_deflate_init(&zstream, args->compression_level);
+		git_deflate_init_raw(&zstream, args->compression_level);
 
 		compressed_size = 0;
 		zstream.next_out = compressed;
@@ -373,13 +367,10 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 			result = git_deflate(&zstream, 0);
 			if (result != Z_OK)
 				die("deflate error (%d)", result);
-			out = compressed;
-			if (!compressed_size)
-				out += 2;
-			out_len = zstream.next_out - out;
+			out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
 
 			if (out_len > 0) {
-				write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+				write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 				compressed_size += out_len;
 				zstream.next_out = compressed;
 				zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
@@ -397,11 +388,8 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 			die("deflate error (%d)", result);
 
 		git_deflate_end(&zstream);
-		out = compressed;
-		if (!compressed_size)
-			out += 2;
-		out_len = zstream.next_out - out - 4;
-		write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+		out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+		write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 		compressed_size += out_len;
 		zip_offset += compressed_size;
 
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 466640479e..99fadc88d0 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@ static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
 	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
 	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
 
 	setup_archive_check(check);
@@ -130,7 +132,6 @@ static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
 	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
 		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
@@ -150,7 +151,6 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 	struct archiver_context context;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc t;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int err;
 
 	if (args->baselen > 0 && args->base[args->baselen - 1] == '/') {
@@ -185,10 +185,8 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_INDEX, &the_index);
 	}
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, args->pathspec);
-	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
+	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &args->pathspec,
 				  write_archive_entry, &context);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	if (err == READ_TREE_RECURSIVE)
 		err = 0;
 	return err;
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@ static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int ret;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, 0, "", paths);
 	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec, reject_entry, NULL);
 	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return ret != 0;
@@ -230,11 +228,18 @@ static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
 static void parse_pathspec_arg(const char **pathspec,
 		struct archiver_args *ar_args)
 {
-	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * must be consistent with parse_pathspec in path_exists()
+	 * Also if pathspec patterns are dependent, we're in big
+	 * trouble as we test each one separately
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&ar_args->pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       "", pathspec);
 	if (pathspec) {
 		while (*pathspec) {
-			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
-				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
+			if (**pathspec && !path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+				die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), *pathspec);
 			pathspec++;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
index 895afcdc7a..4a791e1fed 100644
--- a/archive.h
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef ARCHIVE_H
 #define ARCHIVE_H
 
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
 struct archiver_args {
 	const char *base;
 	size_t baselen;
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ struct archiver_args {
 	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	time_t time;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	unsigned int verbose : 1;
 	unsigned int worktree_attributes : 1;
 	unsigned int convert : 1;
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
index 40248d424c..85ba438ac1 100644
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ b/argv-array.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_push(struct argv_array *, const char *);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
 void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 097ae87f3c..0e774c6f22 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -255,9 +255,11 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
 				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
-		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
-			die(_("Negative patterns are forbidden in git attributes\n"
-			      "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
+			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	res->is_macro = is_macro;
 	res->num_attr = num_attr;
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
  * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
  * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
  * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
- * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
  * .gitignore
  */
 
@@ -379,46 +381,13 @@ static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
-{
-	int pos, len;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
 static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *res;
 	char *buf, *sp;
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -564,18 +533,12 @@ static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 	attr_stack = elem;
 }
 
-static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
-	int dirlen, len;
+	int len;
 	const char *cp;
 
-	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
-	if (!cp)
-		dirlen = 0;
-	else
-		dirlen = cp - path;
-
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
 	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
@@ -661,20 +624,24 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 }
 
 static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
-			const char *basename,
+			int basename_offset,
 			const struct pattern *pat,
 			const char *base, int baselen)
 {
 	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
 	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
+	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
+
+	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
+		return 0;
 
 	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
-		return match_basename(basename,
-				      pathlen - (basename - pathname),
+		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
+				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
 				      pattern, prefix,
 				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 	}
-	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
+	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
 			      base, baselen,
 			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 }
@@ -693,7 +660,7 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 
 		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
 			debug_set(what,
-				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pattern,
+				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
 				  attr, v);
 			*n = v;
 			rem--;
@@ -703,7 +670,7 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
 		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -713,7 +680,7 @@ static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, const char *basename,
 		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
 		if (a->is_macro)
 			continue;
-		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename,
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
 				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
 			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
 	}
@@ -751,20 +718,30 @@ static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
 static void collect_all_attrs(const char *path)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
-	int i, pathlen, rem;
-	const char *basename;
+	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
+	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
+	int basename_offset;
 
-	prepare_attr_stack(path);
+	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
+			last_slash = cp;
+	}
+	pathlen = cp - path;
+	if (last_slash) {
+		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
+		dirlen = last_slash - path;
+	} else {
+		basename_offset = 0;
+		dirlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
 		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
 
-	basename = strrchr(path, '/');
-	basename = basename ? basename + 1 : path;
-
-	pathlen = strlen(path);
 	rem = attr_nr;
 	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
-		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename, stk, rem);
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
 }
 
 int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index bd1b7b5dac..1e46a4f50e 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 static struct sha1_array good_revs;
 static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
 
-static const unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+static unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
 
 static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
 static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
@@ -404,7 +404,8 @@ static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
-		current_bad_sha1 = sha1;
+		current_bad_sha1 = xmalloc(20);
+		hashcpy(current_bad_sha1, sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "good-")) {
 		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "skip-")) {
@@ -525,9 +526,9 @@ struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
  * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
  * for this application.
  */
-static int get_prn(int count) {
+static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count) {
 	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
-	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+	return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs->tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs->commits, revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs, NULL);
 }
 
 static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index 2bef1e7e71..9e6c68edaf 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, cons
 	if (remote_is_branch
 	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
 	    && !origin) {
-		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+		warning(_("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."),
 			local);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -78,25 +78,25 @@ void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, cons
 
 	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
 		if (remote_is_branch && origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s.\n",
-			       local, shortname, origin);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."),
+				  local, shortname, origin);
 		else if (remote_is_branch && !origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s.\n",
-			       local, shortname);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."),
+				  local, shortname);
 		else if (!remote_is_branch && origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s.\n",
-			       local, remote);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
 		else if (!remote_is_branch && !origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s.\n",
-			       local, remote);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
 		else
 			die("BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p",
 			    remote_is_branch, origin);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
 	int config_flags = quiet ? 0 : BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE;
 
 	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
-		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
+		return error(_("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"),
 				new_ref);
 
 	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
 		}
 
 	if (tracking.matches > 1)
-		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
+		return error(_("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"),
 				orig_ref);
 
 	install_branch_config(config_flags, new_ref, tracking.remote,
@@ -179,12 +179,12 @@ int validate_new_branchname(const char *name, struct strbuf *ref,
 			    int force, int attr_only)
 {
 	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(ref, name))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name."), name);
 
 	if (!ref_exists(ref->buf))
 		return 0;
 	else if (!force && !attr_only)
-		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+		die(_("A branch named '%s' already exists."), ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
 
 	if (!attr_only) {
 		const char *head;
@@ -192,11 +192,39 @@ int validate_new_branchname(const char *name, struct strbuf *ref,
 
 		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
 		if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, ref->buf))
-			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+			die(_("Cannot force update the current branch."));
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_tracking_branch(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *tracking_branch = cb_data;
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.dst = tracking_branch;
+	return !remote_find_tracking(remote, &query);
+}
+
+static int validate_remote_tracking_branch(char *ref)
+{
+	return !for_each_remote(check_tracking_branch, ref);
+}
+
+static const char upstream_not_branch[] =
+N_("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch.");
+static const char upstream_missing[] =
+N_("the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist");
+static const char upstream_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push.");
+
 void create_branch(const char *head,
 		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog, int clobber_head,
@@ -224,38 +252,47 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 	}
 
 	real_ref = NULL;
-	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1)) {
+		if (explicit_tracking) {
+			if (advice_set_upstream_failure) {
+				error(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+				advise(_(upstream_advice));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			die(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+		}
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'."), start_name);
+	}
 
 	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
 	case 0:
 		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
 		if (explicit_tracking)
-			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+			die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real branch */
 		if (prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		    validate_remote_tracking_branch(real_ref)) {
 			if (explicit_tracking)
-				die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+				die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 			else
 				real_ref = NULL;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Ambiguous object name: '%s'."), start_name);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
-		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Not a valid branch point: '%s'."), start_name);
 	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref) {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0, NULL);
 		if (!lock)
-			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to lock ref for update"));
 	}
 
 	if (reflog)
@@ -269,11 +306,11 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 			 start_name);
 
 	if (real_ref && track)
-		setup_tracking(ref.buf+11, real_ref, track, quiet);
+		setup_tracking(ref.buf + 11, real_ref, track, quiet);
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref)
 		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
-			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to write ref"));
 
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	free(real_ref);
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 3faf9d6691..8afa2def49 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -5,38 +5,26 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
-#include "notes.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
 
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN 01
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE 02
+
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
 
 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts {
-	unsigned add_title:1;
+	unsigned add_title:1,
+		credit_people:1;
 	int shortlog_len;
 };
 
 extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 			 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *);
 
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
-	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	const char *cmd;
-	int enabled;
-	combine_notes_fn combine;
-	struct string_list *refs;
-	int refs_from_env;
-	int mode_from_env;
-};
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c);
-
 extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
 
 extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -51,6 +39,8 @@ extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index e664100c71..226f758869 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
-	N_("git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
@@ -25,8 +26,55 @@ static int take_worktree_changes;
 struct update_callback_data {
 	int flags;
 	int add_errors;
+	const char *implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len;
+
+	/* only needed for 2.0 transition preparation */
+	int warn_add_would_remove;
 };
 
+static const char *option_with_implicit_dot;
+static const char *short_option_with_implicit_dot;
+
+static void warn_pathless_add(void)
+{
+	static int shown;
+	assert(option_with_implicit_dot && short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+
+	if (shown)
+		return;
+	shown = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+	 * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+	 * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+	 * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+	 * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+	 * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+	 * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+	 * eventually we can drop the warning.
+	 */
+	warning(_("The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+		  "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used anymore.\n"
+		  "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s :/\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s .\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to "
+		  "the current directory.\n"
+		  ""),
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+}
+
 static int fix_unmerged_status(struct diff_filepair *p,
 			       struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
@@ -48,15 +96,49 @@ static int fix_unmerged_status(struct diff_filepair *p,
 		return DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 }
 
+static const char *add_would_remove_warning = N_(
+	"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n");
+
+static void warn_add_would_remove(const char *path)
+{
+	warning(_(add_would_remove_warning), path);
+}
+
 static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			    struct diff_options *opt, void *cbdata)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct update_callback_data *data = cbdata;
+	const char *implicit_dot = data->implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len = data->implicit_dot_len;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		const char *path = p->one->path;
+		/*
+		 * Check if "git add -A" or "git add -u" was run from a
+		 * subdirectory with a modified file outside that directory,
+		 * and warn if so.
+		 *
+		 * "git add -u" will behave like "git add -u :/" instead of
+		 * "git add -u ." in the future.  This warning prepares for
+		 * that change.
+		 */
+		if (implicit_dot &&
+		    strncmp_icase(path, implicit_dot, implicit_dot_len)) {
+			warn_pathless_add();
+			continue;
+		}
 		switch (fix_unmerged_status(p, data)) {
 		default:
 			die(_("unexpected diff status %c"), p->status);
@@ -69,6 +151,10 @@ static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			}
 			break;
 		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+			if (data->warn_add_would_remove) {
+				warn_add_would_remove(path);
+				data->warn_add_would_remove = 0;
+			}
 			if (data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL)
 				break;
 			if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_PRETEND))
@@ -80,151 +166,90 @@ static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 	}
 }
 
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+static void update_files_in_cache(const char *prefix,
+				  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				  struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
-	struct update_callback_data data;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
+	if (pathspec)
+		copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
-	data.flags = flags;
-	data.add_errors = 0;
-	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = data;
 	rev.max_count = 0; /* do not compare unmerged paths with stage #2 */
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
-	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags)
 {
-	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+	struct update_callback_data data;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
-	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
-	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
-	 * anything.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
-		if (!seen[i])
-			num_unmatched++;
-	if (!num_unmatched)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
-	}
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.flags = flags;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, pathspec, &data);
+	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static char *find_used_pathspec(const char **pathspec)
+#define WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT (1u << 0)
+static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			     int prefix, unsigned flag)
 {
 	char *seen;
 	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, i);
-	return seen;
-}
-
-static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
-{
-	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
 	struct dir_entry **src, **dst;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 
 	src = dst = dir->entries;
 	i = dir->nr;
 	while (--i >= 0) {
 		struct dir_entry *entry = *src++;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
-				   prefix, seen))
+		if (match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
+					 prefix, seen))
 			*dst++ = entry;
+		else if (flag & WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT)
+			/*
+			 * "git add -A" was run from a subdirectory with a
+			 * new file outside that directory.
+			 *
+			 * "git add -A" will behave like "git add -A :/"
+			 * instead of "git add -A ." in the future.
+			 * Warn about the coming behavior change.
+			 */
+			warn_pathless_add();
 	}
 	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
 	return seen;
 }
 
-static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
-			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
-				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
-				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
-				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
-					continue;
-				if (len2 == len + 1)
-					/* strip trailing slash */
-					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
-				else
-					die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
-						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
+static void refresh(int verbose, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
+	int i;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 	refresh_index(&the_index, verbose ? REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN : REFRESH_QUIET,
 		      pathspec, seen, _("Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
 		if (!seen[i])
-			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), pathspec[i]);
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
+			    pathspec->items[i].match);
 	}
         free(seen);
 }
 
-static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char **p;
-		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
-			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
-				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-				die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), *p + len);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return pathspec;
-}
-
 int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			const char **pathspec)
+			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	int status, ac, pc = 0;
+	int status, ac, i;
 	const char **args;
 
-	if (pathspec)
-		while (pathspec[pc])
-			pc++;
-
-	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pc + 5));
+	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pathspec->nr + 6));
 	ac = 0;
 	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
 	if (patch_mode)
@@ -232,11 +257,9 @@ int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
 	if (revision)
 		args[ac++] = revision;
 	args[ac++] = "--";
-	if (pc) {
-		memcpy(&(args[ac]), pathspec, sizeof(const char *) * pc);
-		ac += pc;
-	}
-	args[ac] = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
+		args[ac++] = pathspec->items[i].original;
 
 	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 	free(args);
@@ -245,17 +268,17 @@ int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
 
 int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	if (argc) {
-		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
-		if (!pathspec)
-			return -1;
-	}
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	return run_add_interactive(NULL,
 				   patch ? "--patch" : NULL,
-				   pathspec);
+				   &pathspec);
 }
 
 static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -273,21 +296,22 @@ static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die (_("Could not read the index"));
+		die(_("Could not read the index"));
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diffopt.context = 7;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
 	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 	if (out < 0)
-		die (_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
+		die(_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
 	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
 	rev.diffopt.close_file = 1;
 	if (run_diff_files(&rev, 0))
-		die (_("Could not write patch"));
+		die(_("Could not write patch"));
 
 	launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL);
 
@@ -300,7 +324,7 @@ static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	child.git_cmd = 1;
 	child.argv = apply_argv;
 	if (run_command(&child))
-		die (_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
+		die(_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
 
 	unlink(file);
 	free(file);
@@ -312,23 +336,38 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 static const char ignore_error[] =
 N_("The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n");
 
-static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
-static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
+static int verbose, show_only, ignored_too, refresh_only;
+static int ignore_add_errors, intent_to_add, ignore_missing;
+
+#define ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT 0 /* Change to 1 in Git 2.0 */
+static int addremove = ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT;
+static int addremove_explicit = -1; /* unspecified */
+
+static int ignore_removal_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	/* if we are told to ignore, we are not adding removals */
+	*(int *)opt->value = !unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
 	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
+	OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, N_("allow adding otherwise ignored files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
+	OPT_BOOL('A', "all", &addremove_explicit, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-removal", &addremove_explicit,
+	  NULL /* takes no arguments */,
+	  N_("ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, ignore_removal_cb },
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -367,12 +406,14 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int exit_status = 0;
 	int newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	int flags;
 	int add_new_files;
 	int require_pathspec;
 	char *seen = NULL;
+	int implicit_dot = 0;
+	struct update_callback_data update_data;
 
 	git_config(add_config, NULL);
 
@@ -388,14 +429,44 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc--;
 	argv++;
 
+	if (0 <= addremove_explicit)
+		addremove = addremove_explicit;
+	else if (take_worktree_changes && ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT)
+		addremove = 0; /* "-u" was given but not "-A" */
+
 	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
 		die(_("-A and -u are mutually incompatible"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Warn when "git add pathspec..." was given without "-u" or "-A"
+	 * and pathspec... covers a removed path.
+	 */
+	memset(&update_data, 0, sizeof(update_data));
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0)
+		update_data.warn_add_would_remove = 1;
+
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0 && argc)
+		/*
+		 * Turn "git add pathspec..." to "git add -A pathspec..."
+		 * in Git 2.0 but not yet
+		 */
+		; /* addremove = 1; */
+
 	if (!show_only && ignore_missing)
 		die(_("Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"));
-	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
+	if (addremove) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--all";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-A";
+	}
+	if (take_worktree_changes) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--update";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-u";
+	}
+	if (option_with_implicit_dot && !argc) {
 		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
 		argc = 1;
 		argv = here;
+		implicit_dot = 1;
 	}
 
 	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
@@ -408,21 +479,31 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 (intent_to_add ? ADD_CACHE_INTENT : 0) |
 		 (ignore_add_errors ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS : 0) |
 		 (!(addremove || take_worktree_changes)
-		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0));
+		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0)) |
+		 (implicit_dot ? ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 
 	if (require_pathspec && argc == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"));
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"));
 		return 0;
 	}
-	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-	treat_gitlinks(pathspec);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the "pathspec '%s' did not match any files" block
+	 * below before enabling new magic.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	if (add_new_files) {
 		int baselen;
+		struct pathspec empty_pathspec;
 
 		/* Set up the default git porcelain excludes */
 		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
@@ -431,50 +512,77 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 		}
 
+		memset(&empty_pathspec, 0, sizeof(empty_pathspec));
 		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
-		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-		if (pathspec)
-			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, implicit_dot ? &empty_pathspec : &pathspec);
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			seen = prune_directory(&dir, &pathspec, baselen,
+					implicit_dot ? WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 	}
 
 	if (refresh_only) {
-		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
+		refresh(verbose, &pathspec);
 		goto finish;
 	}
+	if (implicit_dot && prefix)
+		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
-	if (pathspec) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		int i;
-		struct path_exclude_check check;
 
-		path_exclude_check_init(&check, &dir);
 		if (!seen)
-			seen = find_used_pathspec(pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
-			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
-			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
+			seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+
+		/*
+		 * file_exists() assumes exact match
+		 */
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(&pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+			if (!seen[i] &&
+			    ((pathspec.items[i].magic &
+			      (PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE)) ||
+			     !file_exists(path))) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
 					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
-					if (path_excluded(&check, pathspec[i], -1, &dtype))
-						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
+					if (is_excluded(&dir, path, &dtype))
+						dir_add_ignored(&dir, path, pathspec.items[i].len);
 				} else
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    pathspec[i]);
+					    pathspec.items[i].original);
 			}
 		}
 		free(seen);
-		path_exclude_check_clear(&check);
 	}
 
 	plug_bulk_checkin();
 
-	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+	if ((flags & ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT) && prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * Check for modified files throughout the worktree so
+		 * update_callback has a chance to warn about changes
+		 * outside the cwd.
+		 */
+		update_data.implicit_dot = prefix;
+		update_data.implicit_dot_len = strlen(prefix);
+		free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
+	}
+	update_data.flags = flags & ~ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, &pathspec, &update_data);
 
+	exit_status |= !!update_data.add_errors;
 	if (add_new_files)
 		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
 
 	unplug_bulk_checkin();
 
- finish:
+finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index 156b3ce3b7..ef32e4f624 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, const char *def, int p_value)
 
 	/*
 	 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
-	 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
+	 * http://marc.info/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
 	 */
 	if (unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
 
 static char *find_name_traditional(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(line);
+	size_t len;
 	size_t date_len;
 
 	if (*line == '"') {
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struc
 			patch->old_name = name;
 		} else {
 			patch->old_name = name;
-			patch->new_name = xstrdup(name);
+			patch->new_name = null_strdup(name);
 		}
 	}
 	if (!name)
@@ -1041,15 +1041,17 @@ static int gitdiff_renamedst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 
 static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1919,7 +1921,7 @@ static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 }
 
 /*
- * Read the patch text in "buffer" taht extends for "size" bytes; stop
+ * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
  * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
  * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
  * Return the number of bytes consumed, so that the caller can call us
@@ -2095,7 +2097,7 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 				   char *buf,
 				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
-	int i, ctx;
+	int i, ctx, reduced;
 	char *new, *old, *fixed;
 	struct image fixed_preimage;
 
@@ -2105,18 +2107,20 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	 * free "oldlines".
 	 */
 	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
-	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+	assert(postlen
+	       ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
+	       : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 	free(preimage->line_allocated);
 	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
-	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
-	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
-	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
-	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
+	 * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
+	 * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
+	 *
 	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 	 */
@@ -2126,7 +2130,8 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	else
 		new = old;
 	fixed = preimage->buf;
-	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+
+	for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
 		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
@@ -2145,8 +2150,15 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 			ctx++;
 		}
-		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
-			die(_("oops"));
+
+		/*
+		 * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
+		 * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
+		 */
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
+			reduced++;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
 		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
@@ -2159,6 +2171,7 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 
 	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+	postimage->nr -= reduced;
 }
 
 static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
@@ -2172,7 +2185,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	int i;
 	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 	struct strbuf fixed;
-	size_t fixed_len;
+	size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 	int preimage_limit;
 
 	if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
@@ -2322,6 +2335,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	strbuf_init(&fixed, preimage->len + 1);
 	orig = preimage->buf;
 	target = img->buf + try;
+	postlen = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
 		size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
 		size_t tgtlen = img->line[try_lno + i].len;
@@ -2349,6 +2363,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 		match = (tgtfix.len == fixed.len - fixstart &&
 			 !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 					     fixed.len - fixstart));
+		postlen += tgtfix.len;
 
 		strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 		if (!match)
@@ -2386,8 +2401,10 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 	 */
 	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	if (postlen < postimage->len)
+		postlen = 0;
 	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, 0);
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 	return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2982,7 +2999,7 @@ static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const unsigned char *sha1, unsig
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	if (!ce)
 		return 0;
@@ -3012,7 +3029,7 @@ static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
  *
  * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
  * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
- * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presense of B as we
+ * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
  * will remove it in a later patch.
  */
 #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
@@ -3100,7 +3117,7 @@ static struct patch *previous_patch(struct patch *patch, int *gone)
 	return previous;
 }
 
-static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int verify_index_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
@@ -3113,7 +3130,7 @@ static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 #define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
 
 static int load_patch_target(struct strbuf *buf,
-			     struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			     struct stat *st,
 			     const char *name,
 			     unsigned expected_mode)
@@ -3143,7 +3160,8 @@ static int load_patch_target(struct strbuf *buf,
  * we read from the result of a previous diff.
  */
 static int load_preimage(struct image *image,
-			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st,
+			 const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	size_t len;
@@ -3256,7 +3274,7 @@ static int load_current(struct image *image, struct patch *patch)
 }
 
 static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
-			struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+			struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -3326,7 +3344,7 @@ static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct image image;
 
@@ -3496,7 +3514,7 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 	 *
 	 * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
 	 * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
-	 * the presense of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
+	 * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
 	 * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
 	 * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
 	 * was_deleted().
@@ -3508,7 +3526,7 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 		ok_if_exists = 0;
 
 	if (new_name &&
-	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
+	    ((0 < patch->is_new) || patch->is_rename || patch->is_copy)) {
 		int err = check_to_create(new_name, ok_if_exists);
 
 		if (err && threeway) {
@@ -3587,6 +3605,40 @@ static int get_current_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	/*
+	 * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
+	 * @@ -1 +1 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
+	 * or
+	 * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * for a removal patch.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
+	static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
+	char *preimage;
+
+	if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
+	    hunk && !hunk->next &&
+	    /* is its preimage one line? */
+	    hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
+	    /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
+	    (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
+	    !prefixcmp(++preimage, heading) &&
+	    /* does it record full SHA-1? */
+	    !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
+	    preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
+	    /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
+	    !prefixcmp(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
+		return 0; /* it all looks fine */
+
+	/* we may have full object name on the index line */
+	return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+}
+
 /* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
@@ -3598,7 +3650,6 @@ static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 	 */
 	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name;
@@ -3606,20 +3657,25 @@ static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 		if (0 < patch->is_new)
 			continue;
-		else if (get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
-			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
-			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
-					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
-						"in current HEAD", name);
-				sha1_ptr = sha1;
-			} else
-				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
-					"(%s).", name);
-		else
-			sha1_ptr = sha1;
 
-		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
+				; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
+			else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless for submoule %s",
+				    name);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
+			; /* ok */
+		} else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+			/* mode-only change: update the current */
+			if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+				    "in current HEAD", name);
+		} else
+			die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+			    "(%s).", name);
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
 		if (!ce)
 			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), name);
 		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
@@ -3792,7 +3848,7 @@ static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned
 		const char *s = buf;
 
 		if (get_sha1_hex(s + strlen("Subproject commit "), ce->sha1))
-			die(_("corrupt patch for subproject %s"), path);
+			die(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
 	} else {
 		if (!cached) {
 			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
@@ -4307,23 +4363,23 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, N_("num"),
 			N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
 			0, option_parse_p },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-add", &no_add,
 			N_("ignore additions made by the patch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &diffstat,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numstat", &numstat,
 			N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &summary,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "check", &check,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "index", &check_index,
 			N_("make sure the patch is applicable to the current index")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 			N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "apply", &force_apply,
 			N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
 		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &threeway,
 			 N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
@@ -4343,13 +4399,13 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
 			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
+		OPT_BOOL('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
 			N_("apply the patch in reverse")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
 			N_("don't expect at least one line of context")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
 			N_("leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
 			N_("allow overlapping hunks")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index 9a1cfd3dac..49178f159e 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 			       const char *remote, const char *exec,
 			       const char *name_hint)
 {
-	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
-	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	char *buf;
+	int fd[2], i, rv;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	struct remote *_remote;
 
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
 	packet_flush(fd[1]);
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (!len)
+	buf = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL);
+	if (!buf)
 		die(_("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"));
-	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
-		buf[--len] = 0;
 	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
-		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
 			die(_("git archive: NACK %s"), buf + 5);
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
 			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 4);
 		die(_("git archive: protocol error"));
 	}
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (len)
+	if (packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))
 		die(_("git archive: expected a flush"));
 
 	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index e3884e3bb6..3324229025 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ int cmd_bisect__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int next_all = 0;
 	int no_checkout = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
-			    N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
-			    N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "next-all", &next_all,
+			 N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
+			 N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index cfae569905..6da7233968 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
 static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file");
 
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ static int blank_boundary;
 static int incremental;
 static int xdl_opts;
 static int abbrev = -1;
+static int no_whole_file_rename;
 
 static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
 static size_t blame_date_width;
@@ -406,7 +409,7 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	paths[0] = origin->path;
 	paths[1] = NULL;
 
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	parse_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC, 0, "", paths);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
@@ -456,7 +459,7 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	if (porigin) {
 		/*
 		 * Create a freestanding copy that is not part of
@@ -484,15 +487,12 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	int i;
-	const char *paths[2];
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
@@ -565,11 +565,16 @@ static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
 	dst->score = 0;
 }
 
-static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, long lno)
 {
 	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
 }
 
+static const char *nth_line_cb(void *data, long lno)
+{
+	return nth_line((struct scoreboard *)data, lno);
+}
+
 /*
  * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
  * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
@@ -1057,7 +1062,6 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			       int opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i, j;
 	int retval;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list;
@@ -1071,8 +1075,6 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
@@ -1155,7 +1157,7 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	}
 	reset_scanned_flag(sb);
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1226,7 +1228,7 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
 	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
 	 */
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
 		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
 				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
 		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
@@ -1321,30 +1323,31 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
  * Information on commits, used for output.
  */
 struct commit_info {
-	const char *author;
-	const char *author_mail;
+	struct strbuf author;
+	struct strbuf author_mail;
 	unsigned long author_time;
-	const char *author_tz;
+	struct strbuf author_tz;
 
 	/* filled only when asked for details */
-	const char *committer;
-	const char *committer_mail;
+	struct strbuf committer;
+	struct strbuf committer_mail;
 	unsigned long committer_time;
-	const char *committer_tz;
+	struct strbuf committer_tz;
 
-	const char *summary;
+	struct strbuf summary;
 };
 
 /*
  * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
  */
 static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
-			int person_len, char *person,
-			int mail_len, char *mail,
-			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+	struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *mail,
+	unsigned long *time, struct strbuf *tz)
 {
-	int len, tzlen, maillen;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	size_t len, maillen, namelen;
+	char *tmp, *endp;
+	const char *namebuf, *mailbuf;
 
 	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
 	if (!tmp)
@@ -1355,69 +1358,66 @@ static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
 		len = strlen(tmp);
 	else
 		len = endp - tmp;
-	if (person_len <= len) {
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, tmp, len)) {
 	error_out:
 		/* Ugh */
-		*tz = "(unknown)";
-		strcpy(person, *tz);
-		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		tmp = "(unknown)";
+		strbuf_addstr(name, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(mail, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, tmp);
 		*time = 0;
 		return;
 	}
-	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
 
-	tmp = person;
-	tmp += len;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*tz = tmp+1;
-	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
-	timepos = tmp;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && !(*tmp == ' ' && tmp[1] == '<'))
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		return;
-	mailpos = tmp + 1;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	maillen = timepos - tmp;
-	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
-
-	if (!mailmap.nr)
-		return;
+	if (ident.date_begin && ident.date_end)
+		*time = strtoul(ident.date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	else
+		*time = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
-	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
-	 */
-	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
-	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
-	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
-	*tz = tmp;
+	if (ident.tz_begin && ident.tz_end)
+		strbuf_add(tz, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, "(unknown)");
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
 	 */
-	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
-		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
-		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
-		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
-		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
-			*mailpos = '>';
-			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
-		}
-	}
+	map_user(&mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen,
+		 &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	strbuf_addf(mail, "<%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+	strbuf_add(name, namebuf, namelen);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_init(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->summary, 0);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_destroy(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->summary);
 }
 
 static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
@@ -1426,57 +1426,32 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 {
 	int len;
 	const char *subject, *encoding;
-	char *reencoded, *message;
-	static char author_name[1024];
-	static char author_mail[1024];
-	static char committer_name[1024];
-	static char committer_mail[1024];
-	static char summary_buf[1024];
+	char *message;
+
+	commit_info_init(ret);
 
-	/*
-	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
-	 * we now need to populate them for output.
-	 */
-	if (!commit->buffer) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-		commit->buffer =
-			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!commit->buffer)
-			die("Cannot read commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
 	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
-	ret->author = author_name;
-	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
-		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
-		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author, &ret->author_mail,
 		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
 
 	if (!detailed) {
-		free(reencoded);
+		logmsg_free(message, commit);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	ret->committer = committer_name;
-	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
 	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
-		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
-		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer, &ret->committer_mail,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
-	ret->summary = summary_buf;
 	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
-	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
-		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
-		summary_buf[len] = 0;
-	} else {
-		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	free(reencoded);
+	if (len)
+		strbuf_add(&ret->summary, subject, len);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&ret->summary, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1504,15 +1479,15 @@ static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect, int repeat)
 
 	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
-	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author.buf);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail.buf);
 	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
-	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
-	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
-	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz.buf);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer.buf);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail.buf);
 	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
-	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz.buf);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary.buf);
 	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		printf("boundary\n");
 	if (suspect->previous) {
@@ -1520,6 +1495,9 @@ static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect, int repeat)
 		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
 		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
 	}
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1706,11 +1684,11 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
 			const char *name;
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				name = ci.author_mail;
+				name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 			else
-				name = ci.author;
+				name = ci.author.buf;
 			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
-			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz.buf,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
 		} else {
@@ -1729,14 +1707,14 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 				const char *name;
 				int pad;
 				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-					name = ci.author_mail;
+					name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 				else
-					name = ci.author;
+					name = ci.author.buf;
 				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
 				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
-						   ci.author_tz,
+						   ci.author_tz.buf,
 						   show_raw_time));
 			}
 			printf(" %*d) ",
@@ -1751,6 +1729,8 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 
 	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
 		putchar('\n');
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 }
 
 static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
@@ -1875,9 +1855,9 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
 			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail.buf);
 			else
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author.buf);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
 		}
@@ -1889,6 +1869,8 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 			longest_dst_lines = num;
 		if (largest_score < ent_score(sb, e))
 			largest_score = ent_score(sb, e);
+
+		commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 	}
 	max_orig_digits = decimal_width(longest_src_lines);
 	max_digits = decimal_width(longest_dst_lines);
@@ -1950,103 +1932,6 @@ static const char *add_prefix(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 	return prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
 }
 
-/*
- * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
- */
-static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
-			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
-			     long begin, long *ret)
-{
-	char *term;
-	const char *line;
-	long num;
-	int reg_error;
-	regex_t regexp;
-	regmatch_t match[1];
-
-	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
-	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
-	 * <something>.
-	 */
-	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
-		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
-		if (term != spec + 1) {
-			if (spec[0] == '-')
-				num = 0 - num;
-			if (0 < num)
-				*ret = begin + num - 2;
-			else if (!num)
-				*ret = begin;
-			else
-				*ret = begin + num;
-			return term;
-		}
-		return spec;
-	}
-	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
-	if (term != spec) {
-		*ret = num;
-		return term;
-	}
-	if (spec[0] != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
-	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
-		if (*term == '\\')
-			term++;
-	}
-	if (*term != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
-	*term = 0;
-	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
-	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
-
-	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
-	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
-		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
-		const char *nline;
-
-		while (begin++ < lno) {
-			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
-			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
-				break;
-			line = nline;
-		}
-		*ret = begin;
-		regfree(&regexp);
-		*term++ = '/';
-		return term;
-	}
-	else {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
-		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Parsing of -L option
- */
-static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				const char *bottomtop,
-				long lno,
-				long *bottom, long *top)
-{
-	const char *term;
-
-	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
-	if (*term == ',') {
-		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
-		if (*term)
-			usage(blame_usage);
-	}
-	if (*term)
-		usage(blame_usage);
-}
-
 static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showroot")) {
@@ -2343,38 +2228,27 @@ static int blame_move_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int blame_bottomtop_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	const char **bottomtop = option->value;
-	if (!arg)
-		return -1;
-	if (*bottomtop)
-		die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
-	*bottomtop = arg;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	const char *path;
 	struct scoreboard sb;
 	struct origin *o;
-	struct blame_entry *ent;
-	long dashdash_pos, bottom, top, lno;
+	struct blame_entry *ent = NULL;
+	long dashdash_pos, lno;
 	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
 	enum object_type type;
 
-	static const char *bottomtop = NULL;
+	static struct string_list range_list;
 	static int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
 	static int show_stats = 0;
 	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
 	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, N_("Show output score for blame entries"), OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
 		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, N_("Show original filename (Default: auto)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
 		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, N_("Show original linenumber (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
@@ -2391,18 +2265,22 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, N_("file"), N_("Use <file>'s contents as the final image")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line copies within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line movements within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"), blame_bottomtop_callback),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('L', NULL, &range_list, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	int cmd_is_annotate = !strcmp(argv[0], "annotate");
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	unsigned int range_i;
+	long anchor;
 
 	git_config(git_blame_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
@@ -2426,6 +2304,8 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
 	}
 parse_done:
+	no_whole_file_rename = !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
 	if (0 < abbrev)
@@ -2587,26 +2467,48 @@ parse_done:
 	num_read_blob++;
 	lno = prepare_lines(&sb);
 
-	bottom = top = 0;
-	if (bottomtop)
-		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
-	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
-		long tmp;
-		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
-	}
-	if (bottom < 1)
-		bottom = 1;
-	if (top < 1)
-		top = lno;
-	bottom--;
-	if (lno < top || lno < bottom)
-		die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
-
-	ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
-	ent->lno = bottom;
-	ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
-	ent->suspect = o;
-	ent->s_lno = bottom;
+	if (lno && !range_list.nr)
+		string_list_append(&range_list, xstrdup("1"));
+
+	anchor = 1;
+	range_set_init(&ranges, range_list.nr);
+	for (range_i = 0; range_i < range_list.nr; ++range_i) {
+		long bottom, top;
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_list.items[range_i].string,
+				    nth_line_cb, &sb, lno, anchor,
+				    &bottom, &top, sb.path))
+			usage(blame_usage);
+		if (lno < top || ((lno || bottom) && lno < bottom))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+		if (bottom < 1)
+			bottom = 1;
+		if (top < 1)
+			top = lno;
+		bottom--;
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&ranges, bottom, top);
+		anchor = top + 1;
+	}
+	sort_and_merge_range_set(&ranges);
+
+	for (range_i = ranges.nr; range_i > 0; --range_i) {
+		const struct range *r = &ranges.ranges[range_i - 1];
+		long bottom = r->start;
+		long top = r->end;
+		struct blame_entry *next = ent;
+		ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
+		ent->lno = bottom;
+		ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
+		ent->suspect = o;
+		ent->s_lno = bottom;
+		ent->next = next;
+		if (next)
+			next->prev = ent;
+		origin_incref(o);
+	}
+	origin_decref(o);
+
+	range_set_release(&ranges);
+	string_list_clear(&range_list, 0);
 
 	sb.ent = ent;
 	sb.path = path;
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 1ec9c02612..ad0f86de54 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
 	N_("git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"),
@@ -40,13 +41,15 @@ static char branch_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,		/* UPSTREAM */
 };
 enum color_branch {
 	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
-	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM = 5
 };
 
 static enum merge_filter {
@@ -71,6 +74,8 @@ static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
 	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "upstream"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -417,36 +422,58 @@ static void fill_tracking_info(struct strbuf *stat, const char *branch_name,
 	int ours, theirs;
 	char *ref = NULL;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+	struct strbuf fancy = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
-		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
-		    show_upstream_ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
-			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
-	if (show_upstream_ref)
+	if (show_upstream_ref) {
 		ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
-	if (!ours) {
-		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), ref, theirs);
+		if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+			strbuf_addf(&fancy, "%s%s%s",
+					branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+					ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&fancy, ref);
+	}
+
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: gone]"), fancy.buf);
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s]"), fancy.buf);
+	} else if (!ours) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), fancy.buf, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[behind %d]"), theirs);
 
 	} else if (!theirs) {
-		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), ref, ours);
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), fancy.buf, ours);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d]"), ours);
 	} else {
-		if (ref)
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"),
-				    ref, ours, theirs);
+				    fancy.buf, ours, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d, behind %d]"),
 				    ours, theirs);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&fancy);
 	strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
 	free(ref);
 }
@@ -466,7 +493,7 @@ static void add_verbose_info(struct strbuf *out, struct ref_item *item,
 			     int verbose, int abbrev)
 {
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+	const char *sub = _(" **** invalid ref ****");
 	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 
 	if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
@@ -550,6 +577,29 @@ static int calc_maxwidth(struct ref_list *refs)
 	return w;
 }
 
+static char *get_head_description(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state, 1);
+	if (state.rebase_in_progress ||
+	    state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, rebasing %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.bisect_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, bisect started on %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.detached_from)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(detached from %s)"),
+			    state.detached_from);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&desc, _("(no branch)"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+	return strbuf_detach(&desc, NULL);
+}
 
 static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 {
@@ -557,7 +607,7 @@ static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 
 	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
 		struct ref_item item;
-		item.name = xstrdup(_("(no branch)"));
+		item.name = get_head_description();
 		item.width = utf8_strwidth(item.name);
 		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 		item.dest = NULL;
@@ -590,7 +640,7 @@ static int print_ref_list(int kinds, int detached, int verbose, int abbrev, stru
 		struct commit *filter;
 		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
 		if (!filter)
-			die("object '%s' does not point to a commit",
+			die(_("object '%s' does not point to a commit"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge_filter_ref));
 
 		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -706,11 +756,11 @@ static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 	read_branch_desc(&buf, branch_name);
 	if (!buf.len || buf.buf[buf.len-1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_addf(&buf,
-		    "# Please edit the description for the branch\n"
-		    "#   %s\n"
-		    "# Lines starting with '#' will be stripped.\n",
-		    branch_name);
+	strbuf_commented_addf(&buf,
+		    "Please edit the description for the branch\n"
+		    "  %s\n"
+		    "Lines starting with '%c' will be stripped.\n",
+		    branch_name, comment_line_char);
 	fp = fopen(git_path(edit_description), "w");
 	if ((fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, fp) < buf.len) || fclose(fp)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -725,7 +775,7 @@ static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 	stripspace(&buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.buf);
+	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.len ? buf.buf : NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -753,7 +803,7 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
 		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, "upstream", "change the upstream info"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
 		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
@@ -778,10 +828,10 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, N_("delete branch (even if not merged)"), 2),
 		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, N_("move/rename a branch and its reflog"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, N_("move/rename a branch, even if target exists"), 2),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
-			    N_("edit the description for the branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
+			 N_("edit the description for the branch")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, N_("force creation (when already exists)")),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
@@ -825,7 +875,11 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list + !!new_upstream + !!unset_upstream > 1)
+	if (with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
+		list = 1;
+
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!new_upstream +
+	    list + unset_upstream > 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
 	if (abbrev == -1)
@@ -837,9 +891,11 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		colopts = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (delete)
+	if (delete) {
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
 		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds, quiet);
-	else if (list) {
+	} else if (list) {
 		int ret = print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
 					 with_commit, argv);
 		print_columns(&output, colopts, NULL);
@@ -850,39 +906,53 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *branch_name;
 		struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		if (detached)
-			die("Cannot give description to detached HEAD");
-		if (!argc)
+		if (!argc) {
+			if (detached)
+				die(_("Cannot give description to detached HEAD"));
 			branch_name = head;
-		else if (argc == 1)
+		} else if (argc == 1)
 			branch_name = argv[0];
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("cannot edit description of more than one branch"));
 
 		strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", branch_name);
 		if (!ref_exists(branch_ref.buf)) {
 			strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 			if (!argc)
-				return error("No commit on branch '%s' yet.",
+				return error(_("No commit on branch '%s' yet."),
 					     branch_name);
 			else
-				return error("No such branch '%s'.", branch_name);
+				return error(_("No branch named '%s'."),
+					     branch_name);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 		if (edit_branch_description(branch_name))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (rename) {
-		if (argc == 1)
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		else if (argc == 1)
 			rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
 		else if (argc == 2)
 			rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("too many branches for a rename operation"));
 	} else if (new_upstream) {
 		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
 
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to set new upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."),
+				    new_upstream);
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
 		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
 			die(_("branch '%s' does not exist"), branch->name);
 
@@ -895,6 +965,16 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to unset upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not unset upstream of HEAD when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."));
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
 		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch)) {
 			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
 		}
@@ -910,6 +990,12 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int branch_existed = 0, remote_tracking = 0;
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+			die(_("it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"));
+
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+
 		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
 			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
 
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 00528ddc38..41afaa534b 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -13,76 +13,6 @@
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
 
-#define BATCH 1
-#define BATCH_CHECK 2
-
-static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
-	const char *endp = buf + size;
-	const char *cp = buf;
-
-	while (cp < endp) {
-		char c = *cp++;
-		if (c != '\n')
-			continue;
-		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
-			const char *tagger = cp;
-
-			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
-			 * of the buffer so far.
-			 */
-			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
-
-			/*
-			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
-			 * the date.
-			 */
-			while (cp < endp) {
-				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
-					/* tagger to cp is a line
-					 * that has ident and time.
-					 */
-					const char *sp = tagger;
-					char *ep;
-					unsigned long date;
-					long tz;
-					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
-						sp++;
-					if (sp == cp) {
-						/* give up */
-						write_or_die(1, tagger,
-							     cp - tagger);
-						break;
-					}
-					while (sp < cp &&
-					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
-						sp++;
-					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
-					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
-					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
-					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
-					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
-					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
-			/* end of header */
-			break;
-	}
-	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
-	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
-	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
-	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
-	 * remainder as is.
-	 */
-	if (cp < endp)
-		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
-}
-
 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -133,10 +63,6 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
-		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
-			return 0;
-		}
 
 		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
 		break;
@@ -188,54 +114,195 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, int print_contents)
-{
+struct expand_data {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	enum object_type type = 0;
+	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long size;
-	void *contents = contents;
+	unsigned long disk_size;
+	const char *rest;
+
+	/*
+	 * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
+	 * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
+	 */
+	int mark_query;
+
+	/*
+	 * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
+	 * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
+	 * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
+	 */
+	int split_on_whitespace;
+
+	/*
+	 * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
+	 * passed to sha1_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
+	 * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
+	 */
+	struct object_info info;
+};
+
+static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
+{
+	int alen = strlen(atom);
+	return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
+}
+
+static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
+			void *vdata)
+{
+	struct expand_data *data = vdata;
+
+	if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
+		if (!data->mark_query)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+	} else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.typep = &data->type;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, typename(data->type));
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.sizep = &data->size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->size);
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->disk_size);
+	} else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
+		else if (data->rest)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
+	} else
+		die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
+}
+
+static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
+{
+	const char *end;
+
+	if (*start != '(')
+		return 0;
+	end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
+	if (!end)
+		die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
+
+	expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
+
+	return end - start + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_object_or_die(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				enum object_type type, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		if (stream_blob_to_fd(fd, sha1, NULL, 0) < 0)
+			die("unable to stream %s to stdout", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	else {
+		enum object_type rtype;
+		unsigned long rsize;
+		void *contents;
+
+		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &rtype, &rsize);
+		if (!contents)
+			die("object %s disappeared", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (rtype != type)
+			die("object %s changed type!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (rsize != size)
+			die("object %s change size!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		write_or_die(fd, contents, size);
+		free(contents);
+	}
+}
+
+struct batch_options {
+	int enabled;
+	int print_contents;
+	const char *format;
+};
+
+static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
+			    struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!obj_name)
 	   return 1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1)) {
+	if (get_sha1(obj_name, data->sha1)) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH)
-		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	else
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
-
-	if (type <= 0) {
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(data->sha1, &data->info) < 0) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (print_contents == BATCH)
-			free(contents);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	printf("%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), size);
-	fflush(stdout);
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, data);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH) {
-		write_or_die(1, contents, size);
-		printf("\n");
-		fflush(stdout);
-		free(contents);
+	if (opt->print_contents) {
+		print_object_or_die(1, data->sha1, data->type, data->size);
+		write_or_die(1, "\n", 1);
 	}
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_objects(int print_contents)
+static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct expand_data data;
+
+	if (!opt->format)
+		opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
+	 * object_info to be handed to sha1_object_info_extended for each
+	 * object.
+	 */
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.mark_query = 1;
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
+	data.mark_query = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
+	 * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
+	 * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
+	 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
+	 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
+	 */
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, print_contents);
+		int error;
+
+		if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
+			/*
+			 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
+			 * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
+			 * data.rest.
+			 */
+			char *p = strpbrk(buf.buf, " \t");
+			if (p) {
+				while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
+					*p++ = '\0';
+			}
+			data.rest = p;
+		}
+
+		error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
 		if (error)
 			return error;
 	}
@@ -257,10 +324,29 @@ static int git_cat_file_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				 const char *arg,
+				 int unset)
+{
+	struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		memset(bo, 0, sizeof(*bo));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bo->enabled = 1;
+	bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
+	bo->format = arg;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opt = 0, batch = 0;
+	int opt = 0;
 	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
+	struct batch_options batch = {0};
 
 	const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
@@ -271,12 +357,12 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "textconv", &opt,
 			    N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
-			    N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
-			    BATCH),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
-			    N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
-			    BATCH_CHECK),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -293,19 +379,19 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (!opt && !batch) {
+	if (!opt && !batch.enabled) {
 		if (argc == 2) {
 			exp_type = argv[0];
 			obj_name = argv[1];
 		} else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (batch && (opt || argc)) {
+	if (batch.enabled && (opt || argc)) {
 		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (batch)
-		return batch_objects(batch);
+	if (batch.enabled)
+		return batch_objects(&batch);
 
 	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/check-attr.c b/builtin/check-attr.c
index 075d01d30c..e9af7b2bfb 100644
--- a/builtin/check-attr.c
+++ b/builtin/check-attr.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ N_("git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"),
 NULL
 };
 
-static int null_term_line;
+static int nul_term_line;
 
 static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
-		N_("input paths are terminated by a null character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -38,8 +38,16 @@ static void output_attr(int cnt, struct git_attr_check *check,
 		else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
 			value = "unspecified";
 
-		quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
-		printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		if (nul_term_line) {
+			printf("%s%c" /* path */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrname */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrvalue */,
+			       file, 0, git_attr_name(check[j].attr), 0, value, 0);
+		} else {
+			quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		}
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ static void check_attr_stdin_paths(const char *prefix, int cnt,
 	struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
-	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
 
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..594463a11b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths, show_non_matching, no_index;
+static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
+"git check-ignore [options] pathname...",
+"git check-ignore [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int nul_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_paths,
+		 N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "non-matching", &show_non_matching,
+		 N_("show non-matching input paths")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-index", &no_index,
+		 N_("ignore index when checking")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
+{
+	char *bang  = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) ? "/" : "";
+	if (!nul_term_line) {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude) {
+				quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+				printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+				       exclude->srcpos,
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			}
+			else {
+				printf("::\t");
+			}
+			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			fputc('\n', stdout);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude)
+				printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+				       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+				       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+				       path, '\0');
+			else
+				printf("%c%c%c%s%c", '\0', '\0', '\0', path, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_ignore(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			const char *prefix, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *full_path;
+	char *seen;
+	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+
+	if (!argc) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * check-ignore just needs paths. Magic beyond :/ is really
+	 * irrelevant.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_FROMTOP,
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE |
+		       PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER,
+		       prefix, argv);
+
+	/*
+	 * look for pathspecs matching entries in the index, since these
+	 * should not be ignored, in order to be consistent with
+	 * 'git status', 'git add' etc.
+	 */
+	seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+		full_path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+		exclude = NULL;
+		if (!seen[i]) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(dir, full_path, &dtype);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && (exclude || show_non_matching))
+			output_exclude(pathspec.items[i].original, exclude);
+		if (exclude)
+			num_ignored++;
+	}
+	free(seen);
+
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
+	char *pathspec[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int num_ignored = 0;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		pathspec[0] = buf.buf;
+		num_ignored += check_ignore(dir, prefix,
+					    1, (const char **)pathspec);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "check-ignore to stdout");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int num_ignored;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_ignore_options,
+			     check_ignore_usage, 0);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (argc > 0)
+			die(_("cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"));
+	} else {
+		if (nul_term_line)
+			die(_("-z only makes sense with --stdin"));
+		if (argc == 0)
+			die(_("no path specified"));
+	}
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"));
+		if (verbose)
+			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
+	}
+	if (show_non_matching && !verbose)
+		die(_("--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"));
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (!no_index && read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(&dir, prefix);
+	} else {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(&dir, prefix, argc, argv);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
+	}
+
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	return !num_ignored;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-mailmap.c b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f4d809bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int use_stdin;
+static const char * const check_mailmap_usage[] = {
+N_("git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."),
+NULL
+};
+
+static const struct option check_mailmap_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &use_stdin, N_("also read contacts from stdin")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void check_mailmap(struct string_list *mailmap, const char *contact)
+{
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, contact, strlen(contact)))
+		die(_("unable to parse contact: %s"), contact);
+
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+
+	map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
+
+	if (namelen)
+		printf("%.*s ", (int)namelen, name);
+	printf("<%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mail);
+}
+
+int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_mailmap_options,
+			     check_mailmap_usage, 0);
+	if (argc == 0 && !use_stdin)
+		die(_("no contacts specified"));
+
+	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+		check_mailmap(&mailmap, argv[i]);
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+
+	if (use_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			check_mailmap(&mailmap, buf.buf);
+			maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index b1feda7d5e..69e167b16c 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -183,12 +183,12 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int prefix_length;
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all,
 			N_("check out all files in the index")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files")),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
 			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-create", &not_new,
 			N_("don't checkout new files")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
 			N_("update stat information in the index file"),
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
 			N_("read list of paths from the standard input")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
 			N_("write the content to temporary files")),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, N_("string"),
 			N_("when creating files, prepend <string>"),
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index a9c1b5a95f..0f57397037 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 	int force_detach;
 	int writeout_stage;
 	int overwrite_ignore;
+	int ignore_skipworktree;
 
 	const char *new_branch;
 	const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 
 	int branch_exists;
 	const char *prefix;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
@@ -82,12 +83,9 @@ static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	struct pathspec ps;
-	init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
-	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
-	free_pathspec(&ps);
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
 
 	/* update the index with the given tree's info
 	 * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int skip_same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (++pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 	return pos;
 }
 
-static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stage(int stage, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 		return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_stages(unsigned stages, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	unsigned seen = 0;
 	const char *name = ce->name;
@@ -227,8 +225,6 @@ static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 	int flag;
 	struct commit *head;
 	int errs = 0;
-	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
-	int merge = opts->merge;
 	int newfd;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
 
@@ -256,45 +252,76 @@ static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 
 	if (opts->patch_mode)
 		return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
-					   opts->pathspec);
+					   &opts->pathspec);
 
 	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-	if (read_cache_preload(opts->pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&opts->pathspec) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
 	if (opts->source_tree)
-		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, opts->pathspec);
+		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, &opts->pathspec);
 
-	for (pos = 0; opts->pathspec[pos]; pos++)
-		;
-	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, opts->pathspec.nr);
 
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+	 * to be checked out.
+	 */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+		if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+			continue;
 		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+			/*
+			 * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+			 * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+			 * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+			 * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+			 * anything to this entry at all.
+			 */
 			continue;
-		match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+		/*
+		 * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+		 * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+		 * of the index.
+		 *
+		 * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+		 * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+		 * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+		 * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+		 * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+		 * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+		 * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+		 * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+		 */
+		if (match_pathspec_depth(&opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+				   0, ps_matched))
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 	}
 
-	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, opts->pathspec, opts->prefix))
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, &opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+		free(ps_matched);
 		return 1;
+	}
+	free(ps_matched);
 
 	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
 	if (opts->merge)
-		unmerge_cache(opts->pathspec);
+		unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
 	/* Any unmerged paths? */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
 			if (opts->force) {
 				warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
-			} else if (stage) {
-				errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+			} else if (opts->writeout_stage) {
+				errs |= check_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos);
 			} else if (opts->merge) {
 				errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
 			} else {
@@ -313,16 +340,14 @@ static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
-			continue;
-		if (match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
 				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (stage)
-				errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
-			else if (merge)
+			if (opts->writeout_stage)
+				errs |= checkout_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos, &state);
+			else if (opts->merge)
 				errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
 			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
 		}
@@ -555,7 +580,7 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *old_desc;
+	const char *old_desc, *reflog_msg;
 	if (opts->new_branch) {
 		if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
 			if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
@@ -588,8 +613,13 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 	old_desc = old->name;
 	if (!old_desc && old->commit)
 		old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
-	strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
-		    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+
+	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!reflog_msg)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+			old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+	else
+		strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 
 	if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
 		/* Nothing to do. */
@@ -700,7 +730,7 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
 			"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
 			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
 			" git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -793,38 +823,43 @@ static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 }
 
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1)) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
-		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	}
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = query.dst;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -887,8 +922,8 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
 		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
 		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (!remote)
 				return argcount;
 			*new_branch = arg;
 			arg = remote;
@@ -960,7 +995,7 @@ static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(const struct checkout_opts *opts)
 static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			   struct branch_info *new)
 {
-	if (opts->pathspec)
+	if (opts->pathspec.nr)
 		die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
 
 	if (opts->patch_mode)
@@ -1014,8 +1049,8 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
 		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
 			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
@@ -1024,14 +1059,15 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
 			    3),
 		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
 			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-		  N_("second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch,
+				N_("second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -1110,9 +1146,11 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (argc) {
-		opts.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		parse_pathspec(&opts.pathspec, 0,
+			       opts.patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0,
+			       prefix, argv);
 
-		if (!opts.pathspec)
+		if (!opts.pathspec.nr)
 			die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
 		/*
@@ -1144,7 +1182,7 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
-	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec)
+	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec.nr)
 		return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
 	else
 		return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 69c1cda906..615cd57caf 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -10,21 +10,135 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
+static int interactive;
+static struct string_list del_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char *msg_remove = N_("Removing %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_remove = N_("Would remove %s\n");
+static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+
+static int clean_use_color = -1;
+static char clean_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_BLUE,	/* PROMPT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* HEADER */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* HELP */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* ERROR */
+};
+enum color_clean {
+	CLEAN_COLOR_RESET = 0,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT = 2,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER = 3,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HELP = 4,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR = 5,
+};
+
+#define MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON		01
+#define MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE		02
+#define MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY		04
+
+struct menu_opts {
+	const char *header;
+	const char *prompt;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+#define MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP		10
+
+struct menu_item {
+	char hotkey;
+	const char *title;
+	int selected;
+	int (*fn)();
+};
+
+enum menu_stuff_type {
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST = 1,
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM
+};
+
+struct menu_stuff {
+	enum menu_stuff_type type;
+	int nr;
+	void *stuff;
+};
+
+static int parse_clean_color_slot(const char *var)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "reset"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_RESET;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "prompt"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "header"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "help"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HELP;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "error"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "clean", &colopts);
+
+	/* honors the color.interactive* config variables which also
+	   applied in git-add--interactive and git-stash */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.interactive")) {
+		clean_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.interactive.")) {
+		int slot = parse_clean_color_slot(var +
+						  strlen("color.interactive."));
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, clean_colors[slot]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce")) {
 		force = !git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* inspect the color.ui config variable and others */
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static const char *clean_get_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	if (want_color(clean_use_color))
+		return clean_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static void clean_print_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	printf("%s", clean_get_color(ix));
 }
 
 static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -34,29 +148,739 @@ static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static int remove_dirs(struct strbuf *path, const char *prefix, int force_flag,
+		int dry_run, int quiet, int *dir_gone)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int res = 0, ret = 0, gone = 1, original_len = path->len, len, i;
+	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
+	struct string_list dels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	*dir_gone = 1;
+
+	if ((force_flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
+			!resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
+		if (!quiet) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_skip_git_dir) : _(msg_skip_git_dir),
+					quoted.buf);
+		}
+
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* an empty dir could be removed even if it is unreadble */
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (res) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+		}
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				ret = 1;
+			if (gone) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(path->buf);
+			if (!res) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+
+	if (*dir_gone) {
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (!res)
+			*dir_gone = 1;
+		else {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*dir_gone && !quiet) {
+		for (i = 0; i < dels.nr; i++)
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), dels.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dels, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_dels(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *qname;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&list, qname);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_menus(struct string_list *menu_list)
+{
+	unsigned int local_colopts = 0;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	local_colopts = COL_ENABLED | COL_ROW;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(menu_list, local_colopts, &copts);
+}
+
+static void prompt_help_cmd(int singleton)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(singleton ?
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a numbered item\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "           - (empty) select nothing") :
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a single item\n"
+		    "3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+		    "2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+		    "*          - choose all items\n"
+		    "           - (empty) finish selecting"));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * display menu stuff with number prefix and hotkey highlight
+ */
+static void print_highlight_menu_stuff(struct menu_stuff *stuff, int **chosen)
+{
+	struct string_list menu_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf menu = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i;
+
+	switch (stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_staff when print menu");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			const char *p;
+			int highlighted = 0;
+
+			p = menu_item->title;
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = menu_item->selected ? 1 : 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: ", (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1);
+			for (; *p; p++) {
+				if (!highlighted && *p == menu_item->hotkey) {
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT));
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+					highlighted = 1;
+				} else {
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+				}
+			}
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		i = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(string_list_item, (struct string_list *)stuff->stuff) {
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: %s",
+				    (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1, string_list_item->string);
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+			i++;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	pretty_print_menus(&menu_list);
+
+	strbuf_release(&menu);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&menu_list, 0);
+}
+
+static int find_unique(const char *choice, struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff)
+{
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i, len, found = 0;
+
+	len = strlen(choice);
+	switch (menu_stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when parse choice");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)menu_stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			if (len == 1 && *choice == menu_item->hotkey) {
+				found = i + 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, menu_item->title, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					if (len == 1) {
+						/* continue for hotkey matching */
+						found = -1;
+					} else {
+						found = 0;
+						break;
+					}
+				} else {
+					found = i + 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		string_list_item = ((struct string_list *)menu_stuff->stuff)->items;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, string_list_item++) {
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, string_list_item->string, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					found = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+				found = i + 1;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Parse user input, and return choice(s) for menu (menu_stuff).
+ *
+ * Input
+ *     (for single choice)
+ *         1          - select a numbered item
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *                    - (empty) select nothing
+ *
+ *     (for multiple choice)
+ *         1          - select a single item
+ *         3-5        - select a range of items
+ *         2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *         -...       - unselect specified items
+ *         *          - choose all items
+ *                    - (empty) finish selecting
+ *
+ * The parse result will be saved in array **chosen, and
+ * return number of total selections.
+ */
+static int parse_choice(struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff,
+			int is_single,
+			struct strbuf input,
+			int **chosen)
+{
+	struct strbuf **choice_list, **ptr;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	if (is_single) {
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, '\n', 0);
+	} else {
+		char *p = input.buf;
+		do {
+			if (*p == ',')
+				*p = ' ';
+		} while (*p++);
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, ' ', 0);
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = choice_list; *ptr; ptr++) {
+		char *p;
+		int choose = 1;
+		int bottom = 0, top = 0;
+		int is_range, is_number;
+
+		strbuf_trim(*ptr);
+		if (!(*ptr)->len)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Input that begins with '-'; unchoose */
+		if (*(*ptr)->buf == '-') {
+			choose = 0;
+			strbuf_remove((*ptr), 0, 1);
+		}
+
+		is_range = 0;
+		is_number = 1;
+		for (p = (*ptr)->buf; *p; p++) {
+			if ('-' == *p) {
+				if (!is_range) {
+					is_range = 1;
+					is_number = 0;
+				} else {
+					is_number = 0;
+					is_range = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			} else if (!isdigit(*p)) {
+				is_number = 0;
+				is_range = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (is_number) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			top = bottom;
+		} else if (is_range) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			/* a range can be specified like 5-7 or 5- */
+			if (!*(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1))
+				top = menu_stuff->nr;
+			else
+				top = atoi(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1);
+		} else if (!strcmp((*ptr)->buf, "*")) {
+			bottom = 1;
+			top = menu_stuff->nr;
+		} else {
+			bottom = find_unique((*ptr)->buf, menu_stuff);
+			top = bottom;
+		}
+
+		if (top <= 0 || bottom <= 0 || top > menu_stuff->nr || bottom > top ||
+		    (is_single && bottom != top)) {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("Huh (%s)?"), (*ptr)->buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = bottom; i <= top; i++)
+			(*chosen)[i-1] = choose;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_list_free(choice_list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++)
+		nr += (*chosen)[i];
+	return nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implement a git-add-interactive compatible UI, which is borrowed
+ * from git-add--interactive.perl.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ *
+ *   - Return an array of integers
+ *   - , and it is up to you to free the allocated memory.
+ *   - The array ends with EOF.
+ *   - If user pressed CTRL-D (i.e. EOF), no selection returned.
+ */
+static int *list_and_choose(struct menu_opts *opts, struct menu_stuff *stuff)
 {
+	struct strbuf choice = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int *chosen, *result;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int eof = 0;
 	int i;
-	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
-	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+
+	chosen = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * stuff->nr);
+	/* set chosen as uninitialized */
+	for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+		chosen[i] = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (opts->header) {
+			printf_ln("%s%s%s",
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER),
+				  _(opts->header),
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		/* chosen will be initialized by print_highlight_menu_stuff */
+		print_highlight_menu_stuff(stuff, &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY)
+			break;
+
+		if (opts->prompt) {
+			printf("%s%s%s%s",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT),
+			       _(opts->prompt),
+			       opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON ? "> " : ">> ",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		if (strbuf_getline(&choice, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			strbuf_trim(&choice);
+		} else {
+			eof = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* help for prompt */
+		if (!strcmp(choice.buf, "?")) {
+			prompt_help_cmd(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* for a multiple-choice menu, press ENTER (empty) will return back */
+		if (!(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) && !choice.len)
+			break;
+
+		nr = parse_choice(stuff,
+				  opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON,
+				  choice,
+				  &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) {
+			if (nr)
+				break;
+		} else if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (eof) {
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+		*result = EOF;
+	} else {
+		int j = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * recalculate nr, if return back from menu directly with
+		 * default selections.
+		 */
+		if (!nr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+				nr += chosen[i];
+		}
+
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (nr + 1));
+		memset(result, 0, sizeof(int) * (nr + 1));
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr && j < nr; i++) {
+			if (chosen[i])
+				result[j++] = i;
+		}
+		result[j] = EOF;
+	}
+
+	free(chosen);
+	strbuf_release(&choice);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int clean_cmd(void)
+{
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int filter_by_patterns_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **ignore_list;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	int changed = -1, i;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!del_list.nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (changed)
+			pretty_print_dels();
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT);
+		printf(_("Input ignore patterns>> "));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+			strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
+
+		/* quit filter_by_pattern mode if press ENTER or Ctrl-D */
+		if (!confirm.len)
+			break;
+
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "manual exclude");
+		ignore_list = strbuf_split_max(&confirm, ' ', 0);
+
+		for (i = 0; ignore_list[i]; i++) {
+			strbuf_trim(ignore_list[i]);
+			if (!ignore_list[i]->len)
+				continue;
+
+			add_exclude(ignore_list[i]->buf, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
+		}
+
+		changed = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+			int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+			if (is_excluded(&dir, item->string, &dtype)) {
+				*item->string = '\0';
+				changed++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (changed) {
+			string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+		} else {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"), confirm.buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_list_free(ignore_list);
+		clear_directory(&dir);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int select_by_numbers_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+	struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+	struct string_list_item *items;
+	int *chosen;
+	int i, j;
+
+	menu_opts.header = NULL;
+	menu_opts.prompt = N_("Select items to delete");
+	menu_opts.flags = 0;
+
+	menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST;
+	menu_stuff.stuff = &del_list;
+	menu_stuff.nr = del_list.nr;
+
+	chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+	items = del_list.items;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < del_list.nr; i++) {
+		if (i < chosen[j]) {
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		} else if (i == chosen[j]) {
+			/* delete selected item */
+			j++;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			/* end of chosen (chosen[j] == EOF), won't delete */
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	free(chosen);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ask_each_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	const char *qname;
+	int changed = 0, eof = 0;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		/* Ctrl-D should stop removing files */
+		if (!eof) {
+			qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+			printf(_("remove %s? "), qname);
+			if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+				strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+			} else {
+				putchar('\n');
+				eof = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!confirm.len || strncasecmp(confirm.buf, "yes", confirm.len)) {
+			*item->string = '\0';
+			changed++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (changed)
+		string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int quit_cmd(void)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
+	printf_ln(_("Bye."));
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int help_cmd(void)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(_(
+		    "clean               - start cleaning\n"
+		    "filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+		    "select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+		    "ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+		    "quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+		    "help                - this screen\n"
+		    "?                   - help for prompt selection"
+		   ));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void interactive_main_loop(void)
+{
+	while (del_list.nr) {
+		struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+		struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+		struct menu_item menus[] = {
+			{'c', "clean",			0, clean_cmd},
+			{'f', "filter by pattern",	0, filter_by_patterns_cmd},
+			{'s', "select by numbers",	0, select_by_numbers_cmd},
+			{'a', "ask each",		0, ask_each_cmd},
+			{'q', "quit",			0, quit_cmd},
+			{'h', "help",			0, help_cmd},
+		};
+		int *chosen;
+
+		menu_opts.header = N_("*** Commands ***");
+		menu_opts.prompt = N_("What now");
+		menu_opts.flags = MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON;
+
+		menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM;
+		menu_stuff.stuff = menus;
+		menu_stuff.nr = sizeof(menus) / sizeof(struct menu_item);
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER);
+		printf_ln(Q_("Would remove the following item:",
+			     "Would remove the following items:",
+			     del_list.nr));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+
+		pretty_print_dels();
+
+		chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+
+		if (*chosen != EOF) {
+			int ret;
+			ret = menus[*chosen].fn();
+			if (ret != MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP) {
+				free(chosen);
+				chosen = NULL;
+				if (!del_list.nr) {
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+					printf_ln(_("No more files to clean, exiting."));
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+					break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else {
+			quit_cmd();
+		}
+
+		free(chosen);
+		chosen = NULL;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, res;
+	int dry_run = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0, gone = 1;
 	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
-	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
-	static const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 	const char *qname;
-	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print names of files removed")),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactive cleaning")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
 				N_("remove whole directories")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
 		  N_("add <pattern> to ignore rules"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
+		OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
+		OPT_BOOL('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
 				N_("remove only ignored files")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -77,12 +901,12 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (ignored && ignored_only)
 		die(_("-x and -X cannot be used together"));
 
-	if (!show_only && !force) {
+	if (!interactive && !dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
-			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 		else
-			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 	}
 
@@ -97,23 +921,23 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
 	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
-		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0,
-			    &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL]);
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-
-	if (pathspec)
-		seen = xmalloc(argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		int len, pos;
 		int matches = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		struct stat st;
+		const char *rel;
 
 		/*
 		 * Remove the '/' at the end that directory
@@ -133,60 +957,69 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				continue; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
 		}
 
+		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+			die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", ent->name);
+
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			matches = match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ent->name,
+						       len, 0, NULL);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_directories || (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
+				rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+				string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (pathspec.nr && !matches)
+				continue;
+			rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+			string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (interactive && del_list.nr > 0)
+		interactive_main_loop();
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (prefix)
+			strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, prefix);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, item->string);
+
 		/*
 		 * we might have removed this as part of earlier
 		 * recursive directory removal, so lstat() here could
 		 * fail with ENOENT.
 		 */
-		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+		if (lstat(abs_path.buf, &st))
 			continue;
 
-		if (pathspec) {
-			memset(seen, 0, argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
-			matches = match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len,
-						 0, seen);
-		}
-
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
-			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
-			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else if (remove_directories ||
-				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
-							   rm_flags) != 0) {
-					warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
-					errors++;
-				}
-			} else if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would not remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else {
-				printf(_("Not removing %s\n"), qname);
+			if (remove_dirs(&abs_path, prefix, rm_flags, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				errors++;
+			if (gone && !quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
-			strbuf_reset(&directory);
 		} else {
-			if (pathspec && !matches)
-				continue;
-			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-				continue;
-			} else if (!quiet) {
-				printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
-				warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(abs_path.buf);
+			if (res) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), qname);
 				errors++;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
 		}
+		strbuf_reset(&abs_path);
 	}
-	free(seen);
 
-	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	strbuf_release(&abs_path);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&exclude_list, 0);
 	return (errors != 0);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index ec2f75b4f3..0aff974a64 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connected.h"
 
 /*
  * Overall FIXMEs:
@@ -62,23 +62,22 @@ static struct option builtin_clone_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&option_verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &option_progress,
 		 N_("force progress reporting")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
-		    N_("don't create a checkout")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
-		N_("create a bare repository"),
-		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
-		    N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
+		 N_("don't create a checkout")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "naked", &option_bare,
+			N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
+		 N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &option_local,
 		N_("to clone from a local repository")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
 		    N_("don't use local hardlinks, always copy")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
+	OPT_BOOL('s', "shared", &option_shared,
 		    N_("setup as shared repository")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
 		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
 		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, N_("template-directory"),
 		   N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
@@ -231,16 +230,26 @@ static void strip_trailing_slashes(char *dir)
 static int add_one_reference(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char *ref_git;
+	const char *repo;
 	struct strbuf alternate = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Beware: real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
+	/* Beware: read_gitfile(), real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
 	ref_git = xstrdup(real_path(item->string));
-	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
+
+	repo = read_gitfile(ref_git);
+	if (!repo)
+		repo = read_gitfile(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+	if (repo) {
+		free(ref_git);
+		ref_git = xstrdup(repo);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo && is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
 		char *ref_git_git = mkpathdup("%s/.git", ref_git);
 		free(ref_git);
 		ref_git = ref_git_git;
 	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
-		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."),
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."),
 		    item->string);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&alternate, "%s/objects", ref_git);
@@ -376,10 +385,32 @@ static void clone_local(const char *src_repo, const char *dest_repo)
 static const char *junk_work_tree;
 static const char *junk_git_dir;
 static pid_t junk_pid;
+static enum {
+	JUNK_LEAVE_NONE,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_REPO,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_ALL
+} junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_NONE;
+
+static const char junk_leave_repo_msg[] =
+N_("Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+   "You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+   "and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n");
 
 static void remove_junk(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	switch (junk_mode) {
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_REPO:
+		warning("%s", _(junk_leave_repo_msg));
+		/* fall-through */
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_ALL:
+		return;
+	default:
+		/* proceed to removal */
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
 		return;
 	if (junk_git_dir) {
@@ -461,13 +492,16 @@ static void write_remote_refs(const struct ref *local_refs)
 {
 	const struct ref *r;
 
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
 	for (r = local_refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (!r->peer_ref)
 			continue;
 		add_packed_ref(r->peer_ref->name, r->old_sha1);
 	}
 
-	pack_refs(PACK_REFS_ALL);
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
 }
 
 static void write_followtags(const struct ref *refs, const char *msg)
@@ -485,12 +519,46 @@ static void write_followtags(const struct ref *refs, const char *msg)
 	}
 }
 
+static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip anything missing a peer_ref, which we are not
+	 * actually going to write a ref for.
+	 */
+	while (ref && !ref->peer_ref)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	/* Returning -1 notes "end of list" to the caller. */
+	if (!ref)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
 			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
 			       const char *branch_top,
-			       const char *msg)
+			       const char *msg,
+			       struct transport *transport,
+			       int check_connectivity)
 {
+	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
+
+	if (check_connectivity) {
+		if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+			printf(_("Checking connectivity... "));
+		if (check_everything_connected_with_transport(iterate_ref_map,
+							      0, &rm, transport))
+			die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+		if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+			printf(_("done.\n"));
+	}
+
 	if (refs) {
 		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
 		if (option_single_branch)
@@ -579,7 +647,8 @@ static int checkout(void)
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-	unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to checkout working tree"));
 
 	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
@@ -634,7 +703,7 @@ static void write_refspec_config(const char* src_ref_prefix,
 			/*
 			 * otherwise, the next "git fetch" will
 			 * simply fetch from HEAD without updating
-			 * any remote tracking branch, which is what
+			 * any remote-tracking branch, which is what
 			 * we want.
 			 */
 		} else {
@@ -704,6 +773,8 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (option_origin)
 			die(_("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."),
 			    option_origin);
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."));
 		option_no_checkout = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -722,6 +793,8 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
 	if (is_local && option_depth)
 		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+	if (option_local > 0 && !is_local)
+		warning(_("--local is ignored"));
 
 	if (argc == 2)
 		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
@@ -765,14 +838,14 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	atexit(remove_junk);
 	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
 
-	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
-
 	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
 		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), git_dir);
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 0);
-	if (real_git_dir)
+	if (real_git_dir) {
 		git_dir = real_git_dir;
+		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
+	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity) {
 		if (option_bare)
@@ -783,13 +856,6 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	init_db(option_template, INIT_DB_QUIET);
 	write_config(&option_config);
 
-	/*
-	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
-	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
-	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
-	 */
-	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
-
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (option_bare) {
@@ -835,6 +901,9 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (option_upload_pack)
 			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
 					     option_upload_pack);
+
+		if (transport->smart_options && !option_depth)
+			transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
@@ -896,19 +965,20 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
 	update_remote_refs(refs, mapped_refs, remote_head_points_at,
-			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf);
+			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf, transport, !is_local);
 
 	update_head(our_head_points_at, remote_head, reflog_msg.buf);
 
 	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_REPO;
 	err = checkout();
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
 	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	strbuf_release(&value);
-	junk_pid = 0;
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index eac901a0ee..f641ff2a89 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
-static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S<signer>] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
 
 static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 {
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index d6dd3df8b1..6ab4605cf5 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -29,14 +29,16 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "sequencer.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
-	N_("git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
-	N_("git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -62,8 +64,18 @@ N_("The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_single[] =
+N_("Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi[] =
+N_("If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n");
 
 static const char *use_message_buffer;
 static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
@@ -103,29 +115,36 @@ static enum {
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
-static char *cleanup_arg;
+static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
+static int sequencer_in_use;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
 static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-static enum {
+static enum status_format {
 	STATUS_FORMAT_NONE = 0,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
-	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
-} status_format;
+	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
+
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED
+} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
+		if (buf->len)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		strbuf_complete_line(buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -134,14 +153,26 @@ static void determine_whence(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
 		whence = FROM_MERGE;
-	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")))
+	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
 		whence = FROM_CHERRY_PICK;
+		if (file_exists(git_path("sequencer")))
+			sequencer_in_use = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		whence = FROM_COMMIT;
 	if (s)
 		s->whence = whence;
 }
 
+static void status_init_config(struct wt_status *s, config_fn_t fn)
+{
+	wt_status_prepare(s);
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(fn, s);
+	determine_whence(s);
+	s->hints = advice_status_hints; /* must come after git_config() */
+}
+
 static void rollback_index_files(void)
 {
 	switch (commit_style) {
@@ -181,17 +212,15 @@ static int commit_index_files(void)
  * and return the paths that match the given pattern in list.
  */
 static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
-		      const char *prefix, const char **pattern)
+		      const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pattern)
 {
 	int i;
 	char *m;
 
-	if (!pattern)
+	if (!pattern->nr)
 		return 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
-		;
-	m = xcalloc(1, i);
+	m = xcalloc(1, pattern->nr);
 
 	if (with_tree) {
 		char *max_prefix = common_prefix(pattern);
@@ -200,12 +229,12 @@ static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
 			continue;
 		item = string_list_insert(list, ce->name);
 		if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
@@ -277,17 +306,17 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 {
 	int fd;
 	struct string_list partial;
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *old_index_env = NULL;
 	int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
 
 	if (is_status)
 		refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&pathspec) < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
 	if (interactive) {
@@ -329,9 +358,9 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
 	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
 	 */
-	if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
+	if (all || (also && pathspec.nr)) {
 		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
-		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
+		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, &pathspec, 0);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
 		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
@@ -350,7 +379,7 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * and create commit from the_index.
 	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
 	 */
-	if (!only && (!pathspec || !*pathspec)) {
+	if (!only && !pathspec.nr) {
 		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		if (active_cache_changed) {
@@ -395,7 +424,7 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 
 	memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
 	partial.strdup_strings = 1;
-	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
+	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, &pathspec))
 		exit(1);
 
 	discard_cache();
@@ -455,6 +484,9 @@ static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		wt_status_print(s);
@@ -524,7 +556,6 @@ static void determine_author_info(struct strbuf *author_ident)
 					(lb - strlen(" ") -
 					 (a + strlen("\nauthor "))));
 		email = xmemdupz(lb + strlen("<"), rb - (lb + strlen("<")));
-		date = xmemdupz(rb + strlen("> "), eol - (rb + strlen("> ")));
 		len = eol - (rb + strlen("> "));
 		date = xmalloc(len + 2);
 		*date = '@';
@@ -576,6 +607,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
 	int ident_shown = 0;
 	int clean_message_contents = (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE);
+	int old_display_comment_prefix;
 
 	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
 	determine_author_info(author_ident);
@@ -673,6 +705,16 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	if (s->fp == NULL)
 		die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path(commit_editmsg));
 
+	/* Ignore status.displayCommentPrefix: we do need comments in COMMIT_EDITMSG. */
+	old_display_comment_prefix = s->display_comment_prefix;
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Most hints are counter-productive when the commit has
+	 * already started.
+	 */
+	s->hints = 0;
+
 	if (clean_message_contents)
 		stripspace(&sb, 0);
 
@@ -700,7 +742,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 			previous = eol;
 		}
 
-		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_footer);
+		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_footer, 0);
 	}
 
 	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
@@ -733,15 +775,15 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\nwith '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
-				" message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-				" yourself if you want to.\n"
-				"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\n"
+				  "with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				  " yourself if you want to.\n"
+				  "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		if (only_include_assumed)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 					"%s", only_include_assumed);
@@ -798,11 +840,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	 */
 	if (!commitable && whence != FROM_MERGE && !allow_empty &&
 	    !(amend && is_a_merge(current_head))) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = old_display_comment_prefix;
 		run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
 		if (amend)
 			fputs(_(empty_amend_advice), stderr);
-		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK) {
 			fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice), stderr);
+			if (!sequencer_in_use)
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_single), stderr);
+			else
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi), stderr);
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -907,6 +955,7 @@ static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *av[20];
 	int ac = 0;
 
@@ -917,13 +966,17 @@ static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 	av[++ac] = buf.buf;
 	av[++ac] = NULL;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
+	revs.mailmap = &mailmap;
+	read_mailmap(revs.mailmap, NULL);
+
 	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
 	commit = get_revision(&revs);
 	if (commit) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%aN <%aE>", &buf, &ctx);
+		clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
 		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 	}
 	die(_("No existing author found with '%s'"), name);
@@ -946,24 +999,50 @@ static void handle_untracked_files_arg(struct wt_status *s)
 
 static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 {
-	const char *out_enc, *out;
+	const char *out_enc;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 	out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, out_enc);
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
-	 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
-	 * This also handles the case where input and output
-	 * encodings are identical.
-	 */
-	if (out == NULL)
-		out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-	return out;
+/*
+ * Enumerate what needs to be propagated when --porcelain
+ * is not in effect here.
+ */
+static struct status_deferred_config {
+	enum status_format status_format;
+	int show_branch;
+} status_deferred_config = {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED,
+	-1 /* unspecified */
+};
+
+static void finalize_deferred_config(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int use_deferred_config = (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN &&
+				   !s->null_termination);
+
+	if (s->null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE ||
+		    status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = status_deferred_config.status_format;
+	if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = status_deferred_config.show_branch;
+	if (s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
@@ -976,6 +1055,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	int f = 0;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	finalize_deferred_config(s);
 
 	if (force_author && !strchr(force_author, '>'))
 		force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
@@ -983,7 +1063,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
@@ -1036,7 +1116,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (patch_interactive)
 		interactive = 1;
 
-	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
+	if (also + only + all + interactive > 1)
 		die(_("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."));
 	if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
 		die(_("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."));
@@ -1060,12 +1140,6 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (all && argc > 0)
 		die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
 
-	if (s->null_termination) {
-		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
-			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
-	}
 	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
 		dry_run = 1;
 
@@ -1118,10 +1192,25 @@ static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 			s->submodule_summary = -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.short")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT;
+		else
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.branch")) {
+		status_deferred_config.show_branch = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
 		s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.displaycommentprefix")) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
 		int slot = parse_status_slot(k, 13);
 		if (slot < 0)
@@ -1160,22 +1249,22 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
 			    N_("show status concisely"), STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
-			    N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
+			 N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 			    N_("machine-readable output"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
 			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
 		  N_("mode"),
 		  N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
-			    N_("show ignored files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
+			 N_("show ignored files")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, N_("when"),
 		  N_("ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
@@ -1186,30 +1275,22 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_status_config);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_status_options,
 			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
 	finalize_colopts(&s.colopts, -1);
-
-	if (s.null_termination) {
-		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
-			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
-	}
+	finalize_deferred_config(&s);
 
 	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 	if (show_ignored_in_status)
 		s.show_ignored_files = 1;
-	if (*argv)
-		s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&s.pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	read_cache_preload(s.pathspec);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	read_cache_preload(&s.pathspec);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
 	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
 	if (0 <= fd)
@@ -1229,6 +1310,9 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(&s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		s.verbose = verbose;
@@ -1320,6 +1404,8 @@ static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
+		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
 
 	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
 	if (status)
@@ -1327,8 +1413,6 @@ static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
 }
 
-static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
-
 static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 			    const unsigned char *newsha1)
 {
@@ -1339,10 +1423,10 @@ static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 	int code;
 	size_t n;
 
-	if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 	argv[1] = "amend";
 	argv[2] = NULL;
 
@@ -1377,45 +1461,43 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
 		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
 		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
 		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
 		/* end commit message options */
 
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
 			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 		/* end commit contents options */
 
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
-		  N_("ok to record an empty change"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
-		  N_("ok to record a change with an empty message"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+				N_("ok to record an empty change")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message,
+				N_("ok to record a change with an empty message")),
 
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -1435,10 +1517,8 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_commit_config);
+	status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE; /* Ignore status.short */
 	s.colopts = 0;
 
 	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
@@ -1560,7 +1640,7 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					   !current_head
 					   ? NULL
 					   : current_head->object.sha1,
-					   0);
+					   0, NULL);
 
 	nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
 	if (nl)
@@ -1599,7 +1679,7 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (cfg) {
 			/* we are amending, so current_head is not NULL */
 			copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
-			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg);
+			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg, "Notes added by 'git commit --amend'");
 		}
 		run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 33c9bf9d84..20e89fe4e0 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
 	N_("git config [options]"),
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ static char term = '\n';
 
 static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
 static const char *given_config_file;
+static const char *given_config_blob;
 static int actions, types;
 static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
 static int end_null;
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ static int respect_includes = -1;
 #define ACTION_SET_ALL (1<<12)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLOR (1<<13)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL (1<<14)
+#define ACTION_GET_URLMATCH (1<<15)
 
 #define TYPE_BOOL (1<<0)
 #define TYPE_INT (1<<1)
@@ -49,14 +52,16 @@ static int respect_includes = -1;
 
 static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Config file location")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
 	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "blob", &given_config_blob, N_("blob-id"), N_("read config from given blob object")),
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, N_("get value: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, N_("get all values: key [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_ALL),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, N_("get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-urlmatch", &actions, N_("get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"), ACTION_GET_URLMATCH),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, N_("replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"), ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, N_("add a new variable: name value"), ACTION_ADD),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, N_("remove a variable: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET),
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
 	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, N_("value is --bool or --int"), TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, N_("value is a path (file or directory name)"), TYPE_PATH),
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Other")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, N_("respect include directives on lookup")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
@@ -100,25 +105,13 @@ struct strbuf_list {
 	int alloc;
 };
 
-static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+static int format_config(struct strbuf *buf, const char *key_, const char *value_)
 {
-	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
-	char value[256];
-	const char *vptr = value;
 	int must_free_vptr = 0;
 	int must_print_delim = 0;
+	char value[256];
+	const char *vptr = value;
 
-	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
-		return 0;
-	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
-		return 0;
-	if (regexp != NULL &&
-	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
-		return 0;
-
-	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
-	buf = &values->items[values->nr++];
 	strbuf_init(buf, 0);
 
 	if (show_keys) {
@@ -126,7 +119,8 @@ static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 		must_print_delim = 1;
 	}
 	if (types == TYPE_INT)
-		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
+		sprintf(value, "%"PRId64,
+			git_config_int64(key_, value_ ? value_ : ""));
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 		vptr = git_config_bool(key_, value_) ? "true" : "false";
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
@@ -154,15 +148,27 @@ static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
 
 	if (must_free_vptr)
-		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
-		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
-		 * const.
-		*/
 		free((char *)vptr);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+{
+	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
+
+	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
+		return 0;
+	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (regexp != NULL &&
+	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
+
+	return format_config(&values->items[values->nr++], key_, value_);
+}
+
 static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 {
 	int ret = CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR;
@@ -218,7 +224,8 @@ static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 	}
 
 	git_config_with_options(collect_config, &values,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
 
 	ret = !values.nr;
 
@@ -262,8 +269,8 @@ static char *normalize_value(const char *key, const char *value)
 	else {
 		normalized = xmalloc(64);
 		if (types == TYPE_INT) {
-			int v = git_config_int(key, value);
-			sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
+			int64_t v = git_config_int64(key, value);
+			sprintf(normalized, "%"PRId64, v);
 		}
 		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 			sprintf(normalized, "%s",
@@ -302,7 +309,8 @@ static void get_color(const char *def_color)
 	get_color_found = 0;
 	parsed_color[0] = '\0';
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_color_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
 
 	if (!get_color_found && def_color)
 		color_parse(def_color, "command line", parsed_color);
@@ -329,8 +337,10 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 {
 	get_colorbool_found = -1;
 	get_diff_color_found = -1;
+	get_color_ui_found = -1;
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
 
 	if (get_colorbool_found < 0) {
 		if (!strcmp(get_colorbool_slot, "color.diff"))
@@ -339,6 +349,10 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 			get_colorbool_found = get_color_ui_found;
 	}
 
+	if (get_colorbool_found < 0)
+		/* default value if none found in config */
+		get_colorbool_found = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
+
 	get_colorbool_found = want_color(get_colorbool_found);
 
 	if (print) {
@@ -348,6 +362,103 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
+static void check_blob_write(void)
+{
+	if (given_config_blob)
+		die("writing config blobs is not supported");
+}
+
+struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value {
+	char value_is_null;
+	struct strbuf value;
+};
+
+static int urlmatch_collect_fn(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list *values = cb;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(values, var);
+	struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+
+	if (!matched) {
+		matched = xmalloc(sizeof(*matched));
+		strbuf_init(&matched->value, 0);
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		strbuf_reset(&matched->value);
+	}
+
+	if (value) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&matched->value, value);
+		matched->value_is_null = 0;
+	} else {
+		matched->value_is_null = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *dup_downcase(const char *string)
+{
+	char *result;
+	size_t len, i;
+
+	len = strlen(string);
+	result = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		result[i] = tolower(string[i]);
+	result[i] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int get_urlmatch(const char *var, const char *url)
+{
+	char *section_tail;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+	struct string_list values = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	config.collect_fn = urlmatch_collect_fn;
+	config.cascade_fn = NULL;
+	config.cb = &values;
+
+	if (!url_normalize(url, &config.url))
+		die("%s", config.url.err);
+
+	config.section = dup_downcase(var);
+	section_tail = strchr(config.section, '.');
+	if (section_tail) {
+		*section_tail = '\0';
+		config.key = section_tail + 1;
+		show_keys = 0;
+	} else {
+		config.key = NULL;
+		show_keys = 1;
+	}
+
+	git_config_with_options(urlmatch_config_entry, &config,
+				given_config_file, NULL, respect_includes);
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &values) {
+		struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+		struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&key, item->string);
+		format_config(&buf, key.buf,
+			      matched->value_is_null ? NULL : matched->value.buf);
+		fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&key);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		strbuf_release(&matched->value);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&config.vars, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&values, 1);
+	free(config.url.url);
+
+	free((void *)config.section);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
@@ -359,7 +470,8 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     builtin_config_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
-	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
+	    !!given_config_file + !!given_config_blob > 1) {
 		error("only one config file at a time.");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
@@ -379,8 +491,8 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
 
-		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK) &&
-		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK))
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
 			given_config_file = xdg_config;
 		else
 			given_config_file = user_config;
@@ -438,6 +550,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
 		if (git_config_with_options(show_all_config, NULL,
 					    given_config_file,
+					    given_config_blob,
 					    respect_includes) < 0) {
 			if (given_config_file)
 				die_errno("unable to read config file '%s'",
@@ -450,6 +563,8 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
 		if (!given_config_file && nongit)
 			die("not in a git directory");
+		if (given_config_blob)
+			die("editing blobs is not supported");
 		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 		launch_editor(given_config_file ?
 			      given_config_file : git_path("config"),
@@ -457,6 +572,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		ret = git_config_set_in_file(given_config_file, argv[0], value);
@@ -466,18 +582,21 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return ret;
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_ADD) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], value, "^$", 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REPLACE_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
@@ -499,7 +618,12 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_URLMATCH) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		return get_urlmatch(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		if (argc == 2)
 			return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
@@ -509,12 +633,14 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 						      argv[0], NULL);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_RENAME_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
 							argv[0], argv[1]);
@@ -525,6 +651,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 1);
 		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
 							argv[0], NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index 9afaa88f77..a7f70cb858 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -9,11 +9,22 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
+static unsigned long garbage;
+static off_t size_garbage;
+
+static void real_report_garbage(const char *desc, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (!stat(path, &st))
+		size_garbage += st.st_size;
+	warning("%s: %s", desc, path);
+	garbage++;
+}
+
 static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 			  unsigned long *loose,
 			  off_t *loose_size,
-			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
-			  unsigned long *garbage)
+			  unsigned long *packed_loose)
 {
 	struct dirent *ent;
 	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
@@ -46,9 +57,11 @@ static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 		}
 		if (bad) {
 			if (verbose) {
-				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
-				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
-				(*garbage)++;
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s",
+					    len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
+				report_garbage("garbage found", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,20 +79,22 @@ static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 }
 
 static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
-	N_("git count-objects [-v]"),
+	N_("git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, verbose = 0;
+	int i, verbose = 0, human_readable = 0;
 	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(objdir);
 	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
-	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
+	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0;
 	off_t loose_size = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BOOL('H', "human-readable", &human_readable,
+			 N_("print sizes in human readable format")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -87,6 +102,8 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
 	if (argc)
 		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage = real_report_garbage;
 	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
 	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
 		path[len++] = '/';
@@ -97,13 +114,16 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (!d)
 			continue;
 		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
-			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
+			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose);
 		closedir(d);
 	}
 	if (verbose) {
 		struct packed_git *p;
 		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
 		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		struct strbuf loose_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf pack_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf garbage_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!packed_git)
 			prepare_packed_git();
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
@@ -115,16 +135,40 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
 			num_pack++;
 		}
+
+		if (human_readable) {
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&loose_buf, loose_size);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&pack_buf, size_pack);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&garbage_buf, size_garbage);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&loose_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&pack_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_pack / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&garbage_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_garbage / 1024));
+		}
+
 		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
-		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("size: %s\n", loose_buf.buf);
 		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
 		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
-		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("size-pack: %s\n", pack_buf.buf);
 		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
 		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+		printf("size-garbage: %s\n", garbage_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&loose_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&pack_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&garbage_buf);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (human_readable)
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&buf, loose_size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu kilobytes",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("%lu objects, %s\n", loose, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
-	else
-		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
-		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 04c185b1fb..b9d3603704 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "hash.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	N_("git describe [options] <committish>*"),
+	N_("git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"),
 	N_("git describe [options] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ static int debug;	/* Display lots of verbose info */
 static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
 static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
 static int longformat;
+static int first_parent;
 static int abbrev = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int max_candidates = 10;
 static struct hash_table names;
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ struct commit_name {
 	unsigned prio:2; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
 	unsigned name_checked:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *path;
+	char *path;
 };
 static const char *prio_names[] = {
 	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
@@ -126,51 +128,52 @@ static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
 			} else {
 				e->next = NULL;
 			}
+			e->path = NULL;
 		}
 		e->tag = tag;
 		e->prio = prio;
 		e->name_checked = 0;
 		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-		e->path = path;
+		free(e->path);
+		e->path = xstrdup(path);
 	}
 }
 
 static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+	int is_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	int is_tag, prio;
+	int is_annotated, prio;
 
-	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+	/* Reject anything outside refs/tags/ unless --all */
+	if (!all && !is_tag)
 		return 0;
 
+	/* Accept only tags that match the pattern, if given */
+	if (pattern && (!is_tag || fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Is it annotated? */
 	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
+		is_annotated = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
 	} else {
 		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
-		is_tag = 0;
+		is_annotated = 0;
 	}
 
-	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
-	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
-	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	/*
+	 * By default, we only use annotated tags, but with --tags
+	 * we fall back to lightweight ones (even without --tags,
+	 * we still remember lightweight ones, only to give hints
+	 * in an error message).  --all allows any refs to be used.
 	 */
-	if (might_be_tag) {
-		if (is_tag)
-			prio = 2;
-		else
-			prio = 1;
-
-		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
-			prio = 0;
-	}
+	if (is_annotated)
+		prio = 2;
+	else if (is_tag)
+		prio = 1;
 	else
 		prio = 0;
 
-	if (!all) {
-		if (!prio)
-			return 0;
-	}
 	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -337,6 +340,9 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
+
+			if (first_parent)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -400,11 +406,12 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int contains = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref in .git/refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag in .git/refs/tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "first-parent", &first_parent, N_("only follow first parent")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
 			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
@@ -412,11 +419,11 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    N_("consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, N_("pattern"),
 			   N_("only consider tags matching <pattern>")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",        &always,
+			N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
 		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, N_("mark"),
-			   N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
-		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
+			N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -436,24 +443,24 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"));
 
 	if (contains) {
-		const char **args = xmalloc((7 + argc) * sizeof(char *));
-		int i = 0;
-		args[i++] = "name-rev";
-		args[i++] = "--name-only";
-		args[i++] = "--no-undefined";
+		struct argv_array args;
+
+		argv_array_init(&args);
+		argv_array_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
+				 "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
+				 NULL);
 		if (always)
-			args[i++] = "--always";
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--always");
 		if (!all) {
-			args[i++] = "--tags";
-			if (pattern) {
-				char *s = xmalloc(strlen("--refs=refs/tags/") + strlen(pattern) + 1);
-				sprintf(s, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
-				args[i++] = s;
-			}
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--tags");
+			if (pattern)
+				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
+		}
+		while (*argv) {
+			argv_array_push(&args, *argv);
+			argv++;
 		}
-		memcpy(args + i, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));
-		args[i + argc] = NULL;
-		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
+		return cmd_name_rev(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 	}
 
 	init_hash(&names);
@@ -479,7 +486,7 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		describe("HEAD", 1);
 	} else if (dirty) {
-		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with committishes"));
+		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"));
 	} else {
 		while (argc-- > 0) {
 			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
diff --git a/builtin/diff-files.c b/builtin/diff-files.c
index 46085f862f..9200069363 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-files.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	    (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
 		rev.combine_merges = rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
-	if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 1c737f7921..ce15b23042 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage(diff_cache_usage);
 	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-		if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 			perror("read_cache_preload");
 			return -1;
 		}
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 8c2af6cb43..2fb8c5dc0b 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-		if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 			perror("read_cache_preload");
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			     int argc, const char **argv,
-			     struct object_array_entry *ent)
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent0,
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent1)
 {
 	const unsigned char *(sha1[2]);
 	int swap = 0;
@@ -161,13 +162,14 @@ static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
-	/* We saw two trees, ent[0] and ent[1].
-	 * if ent[1] is uninteresting, they are swapped
+	/*
+	 * We saw two trees, ent0 and ent1.  If ent1 is uninteresting,
+	 * swap them.
 	 */
-	if (ent[1].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+	if (ent1->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		swap = 1;
-	sha1[swap] = ent[0].item->sha1;
-	sha1[1-swap] = ent[1].item->sha1;
+	sha1[swap] = ent0->item->sha1;
+	sha1[1-swap] = ent1->item->sha1;
 	diff_tree_sha1(sha1[0], sha1[1], "", &revs->diffopt);
 	log_tree_diff_flush(revs);
 	return 0;
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv
 		revs->combine_merges = revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
 	setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -251,8 +253,8 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct object_array_entry ent[100];
-	int ents = 0, blobs = 0, paths = 0;
+	struct object_array ent = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int blobs = 0, paths = 0;
 	const char *path = NULL;
 	struct blobinfo blob[2];
 	int nongit;
@@ -337,9 +339,9 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *list = rev.pending.objects+i;
-		struct object *obj = list->item;
-		const char *name = list->name;
+		struct object_array_entry *entry = &rev.pending.objects[i];
+		struct object *obj = entry->item;
+		const char *name = entry->name;
 		int flags = (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING);
 		if (!obj->parsed)
 			obj = parse_object(obj->sha1);
@@ -348,29 +350,25 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die(_("invalid object '%s' given."), name);
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 			obj = &((struct commit *)obj)->tree->object;
+
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(ent) <= ents)
-				die(_("more than %d trees given: '%s'"),
-				    (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ent), name);
 			obj->flags |= flags;
-			ent[ents].item = obj;
-			ent[ents].name = name;
-			ents++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			add_object_array(obj, name, &ent);
+		} else if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			if (2 <= blobs)
 				die(_("more than two blobs given: '%s'"), name);
 			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
 			blob[blobs].name = name;
-			blob[blobs].mode = list->mode;
+			blob[blobs].mode = entry->mode;
 			blobs++;
-			continue;
 
+		} else {
+			die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 		}
-		die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 	}
 	if (rev.prune_data.nr) {
+		/* builtin_diff_b_f() */
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(&rev.prune_data, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
 		if (!path)
 			path = rev.prune_data.items[0].match;
 		paths += rev.prune_data.nr;
@@ -379,7 +377,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/*
 	 * Now, do the arguments look reasonable?
 	 */
-	if (!ents) {
+	if (!ent.nr) {
 		switch (blobs) {
 		case 0:
 			result = builtin_diff_files(&rev, argc, argv);
@@ -400,23 +398,26 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (blobs)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	else if (ents == 1)
+	else if (ent.nr == 1)
 		result = builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
-	else if (ents == 2)
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
-	else if (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+	else if (ent.nr == 2)
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0], &ent.objects[1]);
+	else if (ent.objects[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 		/*
 		 * diff A...B where there is at least one merge base
-		 * between A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base,
-		 * ent[ents-2] == A, and ent[ents-1] == B.  Show diff
-		 * between the base and B.  Note that we pick one
-		 * merge base at random if there are more than one.
+		 * between A and B.  We have ent.objects[0] ==
+		 * merge-base, ent.objects[ents-2] == A, and
+		 * ent.objects[ents-1] == B.  Show diff between the
+		 * base and B.  Note that we pick one merge base at
+		 * random if there are more than one.
 		 */
-		ent[1] = ent[ents-1];
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0],
+					   &ent.objects[ent.nr-1]);
 	} else
 		result = builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
-					       ent, ents);
+					       ent.objects, ent.nr);
 	result = diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
 	if (1 < rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch)
 		refresh_index_quietly();
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index 12220ad8da..78250eab08 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ static const char *fast_export_usage[] = {
 };
 
 static int progress;
-static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, WARN_STRIP, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
 static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int use_done_feature;
 static int no_data;
 static int full_tree;
+static struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 				     const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -40,10 +41,12 @@ static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
 		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn-strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN_STRIP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
 		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
 	else
-		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+		return error("Unknown signed-tags mode: %s", arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -113,12 +116,13 @@ static void show_progress(void)
 		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
 }
 
-static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void export_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	struct object *object;
+	int eaten;
 
 	if (no_data)
 		return;
@@ -126,16 +130,18 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return;
 
-	object = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!object)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
-	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+	object = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (object && object->flags & SHOWN)
 		return;
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
 		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (check_sha1_signature(sha1, buf, size, typename(type)) < 0)
+		die("sha1 mismatch in blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	object = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+	if (!object)
+		die("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	mark_next_object(object);
 
@@ -147,7 +153,8 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	show_progress();
 
 	object->flags |= SHOWN;
-	free(buf);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
 }
 
 static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -312,7 +319,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
 	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
-			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			export_blob(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
 
 	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
 	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
@@ -373,7 +380,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	int tagged_mark;
 	struct commit *p;
 
-	/* Trees have no identifer in fast-export output, thus we have no way
+	/* Trees have no identifier in fast-export output, thus we have no way
 	 * to output tags of trees, tags of tags of trees, etc.  Simply omit
 	 * such tags.
 	 */
@@ -416,7 +423,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
 			case ABORT:
 				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
-				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     "--signed-tags=<mode> to handle it.",
 				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
 			case WARN:
 				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
@@ -424,6 +431,10 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 				/* fallthru */
 			case VERBATIM:
 				break;
+			case WARN_STRIP:
+				warning ("Stripping signature from tag %s",
+					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				/* fallthru */
 			case STRIP:
 				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
 				break;
@@ -474,71 +485,85 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
 }
 
-static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
-				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static struct commit *get_commit(struct rev_cmdline_entry *e, char *full_name)
+{
+	switch (e->item->type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		return (struct commit *)e->item;
+	case OBJ_TAG: {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+
+		/* handle nested tags */
+		while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
+			tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
+		}
+		if (!tag)
+			die("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
+		return (struct commit *)tag;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct rev_cmdline_info *info)
 {
-	struct tag *tag;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr; i++) {
+		struct rev_cmdline_entry *e = info->rev + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		struct commit *commit;
 		char *full_name;
 
-		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+		if (e->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
 
-		switch (e->item->type) {
-		case OBJ_COMMIT:
-			commit = (struct commit *)e->item;
-			break;
-		case OBJ_TAG:
-			tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+			continue;
 
-			/* handle nested tags */
-			while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
-				parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
-				tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
-			}
-			if (!tag)
-				die ("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
-			switch(tag->object.type) {
-			case OBJ_COMMIT:
-				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
-				break;
-			case OBJ_BLOB:
-				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				continue;
-			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
-				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
-					typename(tag->object.type));
-				continue;
-			}
-			break;
-		default:
+		commit = get_commit(e, full_name);
+		if (!commit) {
 			warning("%s: Unexpected object of type %s, skipping.",
 				e->name,
 				typename(e->item->type));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (commit->util)
-			/* more than one name for the same object */
-			string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
-		else
+
+		switch(commit->object.type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			export_blob(commit->object.sha1);
+			continue;
+		default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
+			warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
+				typename(commit->object.type));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This ref will not be updated through a commit, lets make
+		 * sure it gets properly updated eventually.
+		 */
+		if (commit->util || commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
+		if (!commit->util)
 			commit->util = full_name;
 	}
 }
 
-static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(void)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = extra_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		const char *name = extra_refs->items[i].string;
-		struct object *object = extra_refs->items[i].util;
+	for (i = extra_refs.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *name = extra_refs.items[i].string;
+		struct object *object = extra_refs.items[i].util;
 		switch (object->type) {
 		case OBJ_TAG:
 			handle_tag(name, (struct tag *)object);
@@ -596,6 +621,8 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 		char *line_end, *mark_end;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
 
 		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
 		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
@@ -604,19 +631,30 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
 		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
-			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!object)
-			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
+			continue;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("not a commit? can't happen: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		object = &commit->object;
 
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
 			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 		mark_object(object, mark);
-		if (last_idnum < mark)
-			last_idnum = mark;
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
 	}
@@ -627,9 +665,9 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct object_array commits = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	uint32_t lastimportid;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
 			    N_("show progress after <n> objects")),
@@ -643,11 +681,11 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     N_("Dump marks to this file")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, N_("file"),
 			     N_("Import marks from this file")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
-			     N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			     N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
+			 N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
 			     N_("Use the done feature to terminate the stream")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, N_("Skip output of blob data")),
 		OPT_END()
@@ -673,11 +711,12 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
+	lastimportid = last_idnum;
 
 	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data.nr)
 		full_tree = 1;
 
-	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.cmdline);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -693,9 +732,9 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
+	handle_tags_and_duplicates();
 
-	if (export_filename)
+	if (export_filename && lastimportid != last_idnum)
 		export_marks(export_filename);
 
 	if (use_done_feature)
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index 940ae35dc2..c8e858232a 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1,18 +1,39 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 
 static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
 "git fetch-pack [--all] [--stdin] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] "
 "[--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] "
 "[--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
 
+static void add_sought_entry_mem(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+				 const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + namelen + 1);
+
+	memcpy(ref->name, name, namelen);
+	ref->name[namelen] = '\0';
+	(*nr)++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(*sought, *nr, *alloc);
+	(*sought)[*nr - 1] = ref;
+}
+
+static void add_sought_entry(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+			     const char *string)
+{
+	add_sought_entry_mem(sought, nr, alloc, string, strlen(string));
+}
+
 int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, ret;
 	struct ref *ref = NULL;
 	const char *dest = NULL;
-	struct string_list sought = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct ref **sought = NULL;
+	int nr_sought = 0, alloc_sought = 0;
 	int fd[2];
 	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
 	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
@@ -81,6 +102,10 @@ int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp("--check-self-contained-and-connected", arg)) {
+			args.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 	}
 
@@ -94,27 +119,24 @@ int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * refs from the standard input:
 	 */
 	for (; i < argc; i++)
-		string_list_append(&sought, xstrdup(argv[i]));
+		add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, argv[i]);
 	if (args.stdin_refs) {
 		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 			/* in stateless RPC mode we use pkt-line to read
 			 * from stdin, until we get a flush packet
 			 */
-			static char line[1000];
 			for (;;) {
-				int n = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-				if (!n)
+				char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+				if (!line)
 					break;
-				if (line[n-1] == '\n')
-					n--;
-				string_list_append(&sought, xmemdupz(line, n));
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought,  &alloc_sought, line);
 			}
 		}
 		else {
 			/* read from stdin one ref per line, until EOF */
 			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
-				string_list_append(&sought, strbuf_detach(&line, NULL));
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, line.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&line);
 		}
 	}
@@ -128,20 +150,25 @@ int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
 	}
 
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &ref, 0, NULL);
 
 	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
-			 &sought, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+			 sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile_ptr);
 	if (pack_lockfile) {
 		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
 		fflush(stdout);
 	}
+	if (args.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    args.self_contained_and_connected) {
+		printf("connectivity-ok\n");
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
 	close(fd[0]);
 	close(fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(conn))
 		return 1;
 
-	ret = !ref || sought.nr;
+	ret = !ref;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the heads to pull were given, we should have consumed
@@ -149,8 +176,13 @@ int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * remote no-such-ref' would silently succeed without issuing
 	 * an error.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < sought.nr; i++)
-		error("no such remote ref %s", sought.items[i].string);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+		if (!sought[i] || sought[i]->matched)
+			continue;
+		error("no such remote ref %s", sought[i]->name);
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
 	while (ref) {
 		printf("%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 4b5a89839b..bd7a10164f 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@ enum {
 	TAGS_SET = 2
 };
 
-static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
+static int fetch_prune_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok, verbosity;
 static int progress = -1, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
-static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct transport *transport;
+static struct transport *gtransport;
+static struct transport *gsecondary;
 static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
 static const char *recurse_submodules_default;
 
@@ -54,34 +59,46 @@ static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
+		fetch_prune_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
-		    N_("fetch from all remotes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
-		    N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
+		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
+		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
 		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
-		    N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		 N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
 		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
 		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+		 N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, N_("on-demand"),
 		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
-		    N_("dry run")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
 		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
 		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unshallow", &unshallow, NULL,
+		   N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1 },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
 		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "recurse-submodules-default",
@@ -92,8 +109,10 @@ static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 
 static void unlock_pack(void)
 {
-	if (transport)
-		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	if (gtransport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gtransport);
+	if (gsecondary)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary);
 }
 
 static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
@@ -116,7 +135,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 
 		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
-				rm->merge = 1;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -137,7 +156,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
 		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
 		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -157,6 +176,8 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
 	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
+		struct ref **old_tail;
+
 		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
 			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
@@ -164,9 +185,23 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 		}
 		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via command-line
+		 * arguments, take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * counterparts. However, we do not want to mention these
+		 * entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as they would simply be
+		 * duplicates of existing entries.
+		 */
+		old_tail = tail;
+		for (i = 0; i < transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &transport->remote->fetch[i],
+				      &tail, 1);
+		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
 	} else {
 		/* Use the defaults */
 		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
@@ -183,7 +218,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 					*autotags = 1;
 				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
 				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
-					ref_map->merge = 1;
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			}
 			/*
 			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
@@ -199,7 +234,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
 			if (!ref_map)
 				die(_("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
-			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			tail = &ref_map->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -227,7 +262,8 @@ static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
 		rla = default_rla.buf;
 	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action);
 	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref->name,
-				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL, 0);
+				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL,
+				       0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
 					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
@@ -386,7 +422,7 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-	int want_merge;
+	int want_status;
 
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
@@ -404,19 +440,22 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * The first pass writes objects to be merged and then the
-	 * second pass writes the rest, in order to allow using
-	 * FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
 	 */
-	for (want_merge = 1; 0 <= want_merge; want_merge--) {
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+			const char *merge_status_marker = "";
 
 			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
 			if (!commit)
-				rm->merge = 0;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
 
-			if (rm->merge != want_merge)
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
 				continue;
 
 			if (rm->peer_ref) {
@@ -462,16 +501,26 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
 				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
 			}
-			fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
-				sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
-				rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
-				note.buf);
-			for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
-				if ('\n' == url[i])
-					fputs("\\n", fp);
-				else
-					fputc(url[i], fp);
-			fputc('\n', fp);
+			switch (rm->fetch_head_status) {
+			case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+				merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+				/* fall-through */
+			case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+				fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+					sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
+					merge_status_marker,
+					note.buf);
+				for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+					if ('\n' == url[i])
+						fputs("\\n", fp);
+					else
+						fputc(url[i], fp);
+				fputc('\n', fp);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+				break;
+			}
 
 			strbuf_reset(&note);
 			if (ref) {
@@ -568,7 +617,8 @@ static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 {
 	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
 	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
-	item->util = (void *)sha1;
+	item->util = xmalloc(20);
+	hashcpy(item->util, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -587,7 +637,7 @@ static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 			struct ref **head,
 			struct ref ***tail)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
@@ -633,7 +683,7 @@ static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
 		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
 	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
 
 	/*
 	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
@@ -687,14 +737,56 @@ static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
+		    name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	return transport;
+}
+
+static void backfill_tags(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	if (transport->cannot_reuse) {
+		gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote);
+		transport = gsecondary;
+	}
+
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+	fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+
+	if (gsecondary) {
+		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
+		gsecondary = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct ref *ref_map;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+	int retcode = 0;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
 
@@ -710,9 +802,9 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
-		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
-		if (errcode)
-			return errcode;
+		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
 	}
 
 	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport, refs, ref_count, tags, &autotags);
@@ -721,8 +813,9 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			peer_item = string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
-						       rm->peer_ref->name);
+			struct string_list_item *peer_item =
+				string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
+						   rm->peer_ref->name);
 			if (peer_item)
 				hashcpy(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1,
 					peer_item->util);
@@ -733,10 +826,14 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
 	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
 		free_refs(ref_map);
-		return 1;
+		retcode = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
 	}
 	if (prune) {
-		/* If --tags was specified, pretend the user gave us the canonical tags refspec */
+		/*
+		 * If --tags was specified, pretend that the user gave us
+		 * the canonical tags refspec
+		 */
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET) {
 			const char *tags_str = "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*";
 			struct refspec *tags_refspec, *refspec;
@@ -768,26 +865,14 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 		ref_map = NULL;
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-		if (ref_map) {
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
-			fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
-		}
+		if (ref_map)
+			backfill_tags(transport, ref_map);
 		free_refs(ref_map);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
-	if (r < 0)
-		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
-			name, value, transport->url);
-	if (r > 0)
-		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
-			name, transport->url);
+ cleanup:
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	return retcode;
 }
 
 static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
@@ -845,7 +930,7 @@ static void add_options_to_argv(struct argv_array *argv)
 {
 	if (dry_run)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
-	if (prune)
+	if (prune > 0)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--prune");
 	if (update_head_ok)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
@@ -912,14 +997,17 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 		die(_("No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 		    "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."));
 
-	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
-	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
-	if (upload_pack)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
-	if (keep)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
-	if (depth)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	gtransport = prepare_transport(remote);
+
+	if (prune < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= gtransport->remote->prune)
+			prune = gtransport->remote->prune;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_config)
+			prune = fetch_prune_config;
+		else
+			prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		int j = 0;
@@ -946,10 +1034,10 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
 	atexit(unlock_pack);
 	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(ref_nr, refs);
-	exit_code = do_fetch(transport, refspec, ref_nr);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, refspec, ref_nr);
 	free_refspec(ref_nr, refspec);
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
-	transport = NULL;
+	transport_disconnect(gtransport);
+	gtransport = NULL;
 	return exit_code;
 }
 
@@ -959,6 +1047,9 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
+	static const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
+		"gc", "--auto", NULL,
+	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
 
@@ -967,9 +1058,23 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
 		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", argv[i]);
 
+	git_config(git_fetch_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
 
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"));
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow())
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else {
+			static char inf_depth[12];
+			sprintf(inf_depth, "%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+			depth = inf_depth;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
 		if (recurse_submodules_default) {
 			int arg = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg("--recurse-submodules-default", recurse_submodules_default);
@@ -1026,5 +1131,7 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
+	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index e2e27b2c40..1c04070869 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -232,8 +232,9 @@ static void record_person(int which, struct string_list *people,
 {
 	char *name_buf, *name, *name_end;
 	struct string_list_item *elem;
-	const char *field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
+	const char *field;
 
+	field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
 	name = strstr(commit->buffer, field);
 	if (!name)
 		return;
@@ -286,10 +287,10 @@ static void credit_people(struct strbuf *out,
 	const char *me;
 
 	if (kind == 'a') {
-		label = "\n# By ";
+		label = "By";
 		me = git_author_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	} else {
-		label = "\n# Via ";
+		label = "Via";
 		me = git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	}
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ static void credit_people(struct strbuf *out,
 	     (me = skip_prefix(me, them->items->string)) != NULL &&
 	     skip_prefix(me, " <")))
 		return;
-	strbuf_addstr(out, label);
+	strbuf_addf(out, "\n%c %s ", comment_line_char, label);
 	add_people_count(out, them);
 }
 
@@ -323,7 +324,8 @@ static void add_people_info(struct strbuf *out,
 static void shortlog(const char *name,
 		     struct origin_data *origin_data,
 		     struct commit *head,
-		     struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		     struct rev_info *rev,
+		     struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts,
 		     struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
@@ -335,6 +337,7 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = origin_data->sha1;
+	int limit = opts->shortlog_len;
 
 	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
@@ -351,13 +354,15 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 
 		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
 			/* do not list a merge but count committer */
-			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
+			if (opts->credit_people)
+				record_person('c', &committers, commit);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!count)
+		if (!count && opts->credit_people)
 			/* the 'tip' committer */
 			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
-		record_person('a', &authors, commit);
+		if (opts->credit_people)
+			record_person('a', &authors, commit);
 		count++;
 		if (subjects.nr > limit)
 			continue;
@@ -372,7 +377,8 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 			string_list_append(&subjects, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL));
 	}
 
-	add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
+	if (opts->credit_people)
+		add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
 	if (count > limit)
 		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
 	else
@@ -464,7 +470,7 @@ static void fmt_tag_signature(struct strbuf *tagbuf,
 	strbuf_complete_line(tagbuf);
 	if (sig->len) {
 		strbuf_addch(tagbuf, '\n');
-		strbuf_add_lines(tagbuf, "# ", sig->buf, sig->len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(tagbuf, sig->buf, sig->len);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 
 		if (size == len)
 			; /* merely annotated */
-		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig)) {
+		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig, NULL)) {
 			if (!sig.len)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sig, "gpg verification failed.\n");
 		}
@@ -497,14 +503,18 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 		} else {
 			if (tag_number == 2) {
 				struct strbuf tagline = STRBUF_INIT;
-				strbuf_addf(&tagline, "\n# %s\n",
-					    origins.items[first_tag].string);
+				strbuf_addch(&tagline, '\n');
+				strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagline,
+						origins.items[first_tag].string,
+						strlen(origins.items[first_tag].string));
 				strbuf_insert(&tagbuf, 0, tagline.buf,
 					      tagline.len);
 				strbuf_release(&tagline);
 			}
-			strbuf_addf(&tagbuf, "\n# %s\n",
-				    origins.items[i].string);
+			strbuf_addch(&tagbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagbuf,
+					origins.items[i].string,
+					strlen(origins.items[i].string));
 			fmt_tag_signature(&tagbuf, &sig, buf, len);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&sig);
@@ -635,7 +645,7 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string,
 				 origins.items[i].util,
-				 head, &rev, opts->shortlog_len, out);
+				 head, &rev, opts, out);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_complete_line(out);
@@ -690,6 +700,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.add_title = !message;
+	opts.credit_people = 1;
 	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
 
 	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output, &opts);
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index 7f059c31df..1d4083c2dd 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -867,24 +867,29 @@ static void sort_refs(struct ref_sort *sort, struct refinfo **refs, int num_refs
 static void print_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, int quote_style)
 {
 	struct atom_value *v;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	get_value(ref, atom, &v);
 	switch (quote_style) {
 	case QUOTE_NONE:
 		fputs(v->s, stdout);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_SHELL:
-		sq_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		sq_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PERL:
-		perl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		perl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
-		python_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		python_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_TCL:
-		tcl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		tcl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	}
+	if (quote_style != QUOTE_NONE) {
+		fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
 }
 
 static int hex1(char ch)
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index bb9a2cd447..97ce678c6b 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define REACHABLE 0x0001
 #define SEEN      0x0002
+#define HAS_OBJ   0x0004
 
 static int show_root;
 static int show_tags;
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		return 0;
 	obj->flags |= REACHABLE;
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (parent && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
 			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
 				 typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	add_object_array(obj, (void *) parent, &pending);
+	add_object_array(obj, NULL, &pending);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -127,16 +128,13 @@ static int traverse_one_object(struct object *obj)
 	struct tree *tree = NULL;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-		obj->parsed = 0;
 		tree = (struct tree *)obj;
 		if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
 			return 1; /* error already displayed */
 	}
 	result = fsck_walk(obj, mark_object, obj);
-	if (tree) {
-		free(tree->buffer);
-		tree->buffer = NULL;
-	}
+	if (tree)
+		free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@ static void check_reachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * except if it was in a pack-file and we didn't
 	 * do a full fsck
 	 */
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1))
 			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
 		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -306,8 +304,7 @@ static int fsck_obj(struct object *obj)
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 
-		free(item->buffer);
-		item->buffer = NULL;
+		free_tree_buffer(item);
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -340,6 +337,7 @@ static int fsck_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags |= HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -352,6 +350,7 @@ static int fsck_obj_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags = HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -611,15 +610,15 @@ static char const * const fsck_usage[] = {
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, N_("show dangling objects")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
 				N_("write dangling objects in .git/lost-found")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 	OPT_END(),
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 6be6c8d65b..891a2c2ecb 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -167,19 +167,78 @@ static int need_to_gc(void)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/* return NULL on success, else hostname running the gc */
+static const char *lock_repo_for_gc(int force, pid_t* ret_pid)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	static char locking_host[128];
+	char my_host[128];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	uintmax_t pid;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int fd, should_exit;
+
+	if (gethostname(my_host, sizeof(my_host)))
+		strcpy(my_host, "unknown");
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, git_path("gc.pid"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (!force) {
+		fp = fopen(git_path("gc.pid"), "r");
+		memset(locking_host, 0, sizeof(locking_host));
+		should_exit =
+			fp != NULL &&
+			!fstat(fileno(fp), &st) &&
+			/*
+			 * 12 hour limit is very generous as gc should
+			 * never take that long. On the other hand we
+			 * don't really need a strict limit here,
+			 * running gc --auto one day late is not a big
+			 * problem. --force can be used in manual gc
+			 * after the user verifies that no gc is
+			 * running.
+			 */
+			time(NULL) - st.st_mtime <= 12 * 3600 &&
+			fscanf(fp, "%"PRIuMAX" %127c", &pid, locking_host) == 2 &&
+			/* be gentle to concurrent "gc" on remote hosts */
+			(strcmp(locking_host, my_host) || !kill(pid, 0));
+		if (fp != NULL)
+			fclose(fp);
+		if (should_exit) {
+			if (fd >= 0)
+				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			*ret_pid = pid;
+			return locking_host;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s",
+		    (uintmax_t) getpid(), my_host);
+	write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	commit_lock_file(&lock);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int aggressive = 0;
 	int auto_gc = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int force = 0;
+	const char *name;
+	pid_t pid;
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
 			N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "force", &force, N_("force running gc even if there may be another gc running")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -225,6 +284,14 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	} else
 		add_repack_all_option();
 
+	name = lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid);
+	if (name) {
+		if (auto_gc)
+			return 0; /* be quiet on --auto */
+		die(_("gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %"PRIuMAX" (use --force if not)"),
+		    name, (uintmax_t)pid);
+	}
+
 	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 		return error(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
 
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 0e1b6c860e..03bc442e3f 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
 	N_("git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
@@ -286,8 +287,7 @@ static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
-		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, -1, &pathbuf,
-				    opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 		strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, filename, tree_name_len);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
-		quote_path_relative(filename, -1, &buf, opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename, opt->prefix, &buf);
 	else
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 	read_cache();
 
 	for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
 		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ static int grep_directory(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 	if (exc_std)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec->raw);
+	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = dir.entries[i]->name;
 		int namelen = strlen(name);
@@ -630,7 +630,6 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 	struct grep_opt opt;
 	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char **paths = NULL;
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
@@ -639,20 +638,20 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
 			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "untracked", &untracked,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
 			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
 			    N_("search also in ignored files"), 1),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
+		OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
 			N_("show non-matching lines")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
 			N_("case insensitive matching")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
+		OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
 			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
 			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
@@ -676,26 +675,26 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
 			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
 			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
 			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
 			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
+		OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
 			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
 			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
 			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
 			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
 			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
 			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
@@ -707,9 +706,9 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
 		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
 			context_callback),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
 			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
+		OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
 			N_("show the surrounding function")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
@@ -719,7 +718,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
 		  N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
@@ -730,7 +729,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		  close_callback },
 		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
 			   N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
 			N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
 		  N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
@@ -739,8 +738,8 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
 			N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
-			    N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
+			 N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 		OPT_END()
@@ -820,9 +819,9 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		/* Is it a rev? */
 		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die(_("bad object %s"), arg);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, arg);
+			if (!seen_dashdash)
+				verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
 			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -857,8 +856,10 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 	}
 
-	paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
+		       prefix, argv + i);
 	pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
 	pathspec.recursive = 1;
 
diff --git a/builtin/hash-object.c b/builtin/hash-object.c
index 8d184f1a99..d7fcf4c13c 100644
--- a/builtin/hash-object.c
+++ b/builtin/hash-object.c
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ static const char *vpath;
 
 static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
 	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, N_("type"), N_("object type")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, N_("write the object into the object database")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
+	OPT_BOOL('w', NULL, &write_object, N_("write the object into the object database")),
+	OPT_COUNTUP( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
 	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, N_("file"), N_("process file as it were from this path")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index bd86253d83..f1e236b912 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 /*
- * builtin-help.c
- *
  * Builtin help command
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "column.h"
@@ -37,10 +34,12 @@ enum help_format {
 static const char *html_path;
 
 static int show_all = 0;
+static int show_guides = 0;
 static unsigned int colopts;
 static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
 static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('g', "guides", &show_guides, N_("print list of useful guides")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, N_("show man page"), HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
 	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, N_("show manual in web browser"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
-	N_("git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"),
+	N_("git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -237,21 +236,21 @@ static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
 
 static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *name = var + 4;
-	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	const char *name, *subkey;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "man", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "path")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, namelen, value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "cmd")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, namelen, value);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -287,23 +286,6 @@ static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
 
-void list_common_cmds_help(void)
-{
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
-			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
-	}
-
-	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
-		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
-		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
-	}
-}
-
 static int is_git_command(const char *s)
 {
 	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
@@ -431,6 +413,37 @@ static void show_html_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	open_html(page_path.buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *help;
+} common_guides[] = {
+	{ "attributes", N_("Defining attributes per path") },
+	{ "glossary", N_("A Git glossary") },
+	{ "ignore", N_("Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore") },
+	{ "modules", N_("Defining submodule properties") },
+	{ "revisions", N_("Specifying revisions and ranges for Git") },
+	{ "tutorial", N_("A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)") },
+	{ "workflows", N_("An overview of recommended workflows with Git") },
+};
+
+static void list_common_guides_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_guides[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_guides[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The common Git guides are:\n"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_guides[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_guides[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_guides[i].help));
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
 int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit;
@@ -446,7 +459,16 @@ int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
 		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
 		list_commands(colopts, &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (show_guides)
+		list_common_guides_help();
+
+	if (show_all || show_guides) {
 		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
+		/*
+		* We're done. Ignore any remaining args
+		*/
 		return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index 43d364b8d5..9e9eb4b74e 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ static int nr_threads;
 
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
+static int do_fsck_object;
 static int verbose;
+static int show_stat;
+static int check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -108,6 +111,10 @@ static pthread_mutex_t work_mutex;
 #define work_lock()		lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 #define work_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 
+static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex;
+#define deepest_delta_lock()	lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+
 static pthread_key_t key;
 
 static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
@@ -130,6 +137,8 @@ static void init_thread(void)
 	init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
 	thread_data = xcalloc(nr_threads, sizeof(*thread_data));
 	threads_active = 1;
@@ -143,6 +152,8 @@ static void cleanup_thread(void)
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex);
 	pthread_key_delete(key);
 	free(thread_data);
 }
@@ -158,6 +169,9 @@ static void cleanup_thread(void)
 #define work_lock()
 #define work_unlock()
 
+#define deepest_delta_lock()
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()
+
 #endif
 
 
@@ -175,13 +189,13 @@ static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 
 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
    or it must be already present in the object database */
-static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+static unsigned check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
 		unsigned long size;
@@ -189,17 +203,20 @@ static void check_object(struct object *obj)
 		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
 			die(_("object of unexpected type"));
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_objects(void)
+static unsigned check_objects(void)
 {
-	unsigned i, max;
+	unsigned i, max, foreign_nr = 0;
 
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
-		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+		foreign_nr += check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+	return foreign_nr;
 }
 
 
@@ -735,8 +752,7 @@ static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
-			if (!buf)
-				buf = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
+			assert(data && "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
 
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
@@ -745,7 +761,8 @@ static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
 			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
 			if (!obj)
 				die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type));
-			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+			if (do_fsck_object &&
+			    fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
 				die(_("Error in object"));
 			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
 				die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -753,6 +770,7 @@ static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 				struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 				item->buffer = NULL;
+				obj->parsed = 0;
 			}
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 				struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
@@ -833,9 +851,13 @@ static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
 	void *base_data, *delta_data;
 
 	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
-	delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
-	if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
-		deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+	if (show_stat) {
+		delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
+		deepest_delta_lock();
+		if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
+			deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+		deepest_delta_unlock();
+	}
 	delta_obj->base_object_no = base->obj - objects;
 	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
 	base_data = get_base_data(base);
@@ -951,8 +973,10 @@ static void *threaded_second_pass(void *data)
 	set_thread_data(data);
 	for (;;) {
 		int i;
-		work_lock();
+		counter_lock();
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+		counter_unlock();
+		work_lock();
 		while (nr_dispatched < nr_objects &&
 		       is_delta_type(objects[nr_dispatched].type))
 			nr_dispatched++;
@@ -1099,7 +1123,7 @@ static void conclude_pack(int fix_thin_pack, const char *curr_pack, unsigned cha
 	if (fix_thin_pack) {
 		struct sha1file *f;
 		unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
-		char msg[48];
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
 		int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
 		if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
@@ -1107,11 +1131,14 @@ static void conclude_pack(int fix_thin_pack, const char *curr_pack, unsigned cha
 		objects = xrealloc(objects,
 				   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
 				   * sizeof(*objects));
+		memset(objects + nr_objects + 1, 0,
+		       nr_unresolved * sizeof(*objects));
 		f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
 		fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
-		sprintf(msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
-			nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
-		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
+			    nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
 		sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
 		hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
 		fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
@@ -1462,7 +1489,7 @@ static void show_pack_info(int stat_only)
 
 int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0, stat = 0;
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0;
 	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
 	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
 	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
@@ -1470,6 +1497,7 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
 	struct pack_idx_option opts;
 	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+	unsigned foreign_nr = 1;	/* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
@@ -1491,14 +1519,18 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				fix_thin_pack = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
 				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat-only")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 				stat_only = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
 				keep_msg = "";
@@ -1604,9 +1636,9 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack, curr_pack, pack_sha1);
 	free(deltas);
 	if (strict)
-		check_objects();
+		foreign_nr = check_objects();
 
-	if (stat)
+	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
 
 	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
@@ -1630,5 +1662,11 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (index_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
+	 */
+	if (check_self_contained_and_connected && foreign_nr)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index e7b7db1cac..77d0f5f3fd 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 /* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
 static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
@@ -30,15 +33,22 @@ static int default_abbrev_commit;
 static int default_show_root = 1;
 static int decoration_style;
 static int decoration_given;
+static int use_mailmap_config;
 static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
 static const char *fmt_pretty;
 
 static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
-	N_("git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n")
+	N_("git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n")
 	N_("   or: git show [options] <object>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+struct line_opt_callback_data {
+	struct rev_info *rev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list args;
+};
+
 static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
@@ -73,6 +83,19 @@ static int decorate_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unse
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&data->args, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (fmt_pretty)
@@ -94,16 +117,25 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			 struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
-	int quiet = 0, source = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
+	static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
+			     "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1",
+			     log_line_range_callback),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	line_cb.rev = rev;
+	line_cb.prefix = prefix;
+
+	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
@@ -136,6 +168,11 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (source)
 		rev->show_source = 1;
 
+	if (mailmap) {
+		rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
 		/*
 		 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
@@ -151,6 +188,10 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+
+	if (rev->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);
+
 	setup_pager();
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +237,7 @@ static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
 	int i = revs->early_output;
 	int show_header = 1;
 
-	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->sort_order);
 	while (list && i) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -351,8 +392,15 @@ static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	}
 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
 		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
+		use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
+	if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -455,7 +503,7 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
@@ -605,6 +653,14 @@ static void add_header(const char *value)
 static int thread;
 static int do_signoff;
 static const char *signature = git_version_string;
+static int config_cover_letter;
+
+enum {
+	COVER_UNSET,
+	COVER_OFF,
+	COVER_ON,
+	COVER_AUTO
+};
 
 static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -666,6 +722,14 @@ static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
 		return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -678,7 +742,7 @@ static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, const char *subject,
 			 struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 {
 	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
@@ -689,7 +753,12 @@ static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, const char *subject,
 			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
 	}
 
-	get_patch_filename(commit, subject, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+	if (rev->numbered_files)
+		strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
+	else if (commit)
+		fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
+	else
+		fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);
 
 	if (!quiet)
 		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
@@ -772,10 +841,37 @@ static void add_branch_description(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
 	}
 }
 
+static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i, positive = -1;
+	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
+	const unsigned char *tip_sha1;
+	const char *ref;
+	char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (positive < 0)
+			positive = i;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	if (positive < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
+	tip_sha1 = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1;
+	if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), branch_sha1, &full_ref) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(full_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
+	    !hashcmp(tip_sha1, branch_sha1))
+		branch = xstrdup(full_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	free(full_ref);
+	return branch;
+}
+
 static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
-			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
 			      struct commit *origin,
-			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list,
 			      const char *branch_name,
 			      int quiet)
 {
@@ -789,6 +885,7 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	struct diff_options opts;
 	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
 	struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
+	struct commit *head = list[0];
 
 	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		die(_("Cover letter needs email format"));
@@ -796,7 +893,7 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	committer = git_committer_info(0);
 
 	if (!use_stdout &&
-	    reopen_stdout(NULL, numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
+	    reopen_stdout(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
 		return;
 
 	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.subject, &pp.after_subject,
@@ -806,6 +903,9 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
 			need_8bit_cte = 1;
 
+	if (!branch_name)
+		branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);
+
 	msg = body;
 	pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
 	pp.date_mode = DATE_RFC2822;
@@ -1012,33 +1112,19 @@ static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+static int from_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	int i, positive = -1;
-	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *branch;
+	char **from = opt->value;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			continue;
-		if (positive < 0)
-			positive = i;
-		else
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	if (positive < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/%s", rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	branch = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, branch_sha1, 1, NULL);
-	if (!branch ||
-	    prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/") ||
-	    hashcmp(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1, branch_sha1))
-		branch = NULL;
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (branch)
-		return xstrdup(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	return NULL;
+	free(*from);
+
+	if (unset)
+		*from = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		*from = xstrdup(arg);
+	else
+		*from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -1050,19 +1136,20 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int nr = 0, total, i;
 	int use_stdout = 0;
 	int start_number = -1;
-	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int just_numbers = 0;
 	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
-	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int cover_letter = -1;
 	int boundary_count = 0;
 	int no_binary_diff = 0;
-	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL;
 	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
 	struct patch_ids ids;
-	char *add_signoff = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int use_patch_format = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int reroll_count = -1;
 	char *branch_name = NULL;
+	char *from = NULL;
 	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
 			    N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
@@ -1070,17 +1157,19 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
 			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
 			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
 			    N_("generate a cover letter")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
 			    N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
 			    N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
 			    N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
+			    N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
 			    N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
@@ -1090,13 +1179,13 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
 			    N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
-			    N_("don't output binary diffs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
-			    N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
+			 N_("don't output binary diffs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
+			 N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
 		  N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
 			    N_("add email header"), 0, header_callback },
@@ -1104,6 +1193,9 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    0, to_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"),
 			    0, cc_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "from", &from, N_("ident"),
+			    N_("set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"),
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, from_callback },
 		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
 			    N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
@@ -1118,8 +1210,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
 		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
 			    N_("add a signature")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet,
-			    N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1154,14 +1245,12 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	if (do_signoff) {
-		const char *committer;
-		const char *endpos;
-		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
-		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
-		if (!endpos)
-			die(_("bogus committer info %s"), committer);
-		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	if (0 < reroll_count) {
+		struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
+			    rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
+		rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
+		rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
@@ -1193,6 +1282,11 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
+	if (from) {
+		if (split_ident_line(&rev.from_ident, from, strlen(from)))
+			die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), from);
+	}
+
 	if (start_number < 0)
 		start_number = 1;
 
@@ -1249,28 +1343,36 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		int check_head = 0;
+
 		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
 			/*
 			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
 			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
 			 * does not have.
 			 */
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			const char *ref;
-
 			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
-			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
-			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
-				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
-			else
-				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+			check_head = 1;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
 		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
 		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
 		 */
+
+		if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
+			check_head = 1;
+
+		if (check_head) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *ref;
+			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
+				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+			else
+				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1279,29 +1381,6 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
 
-	if (cover_letter) {
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK:randomly pick one positive commit to show
-		 * diffstat; this is often the tip and the command
-		 * happens to do the right thing in most cases, but a
-		 * complex command like "--cover-letter a b c ^bottom"
-		 * picks "c" and shows diffstat between bottom..c
-		 * which may not match what the series represents at
-		 * all and totally broken.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
-			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
-				head = (struct commit *)o;
-		}
-		/* There is nothing to show; it is not an error, though. */
-		if (!head)
-			return 0;
-		if (!branch_name)
-			branch_name = find_branch_name(&rev);
-	}
-
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
 		/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 		if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
@@ -1333,28 +1412,38 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
 		list[nr - 1] = commit;
 	}
+	if (nr == 0)
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
 	total = nr;
 	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 		numbered = 1;
 	if (numbered)
 		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (cover_letter == -1) {
+		if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
+			cover_letter = (total > 1);
+		else
+			cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
+	}
+
 	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
 		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	if (in_reply_to) {
 		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
 		string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
 	}
-	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
 	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
 	if (cover_letter) {
 		if (thread)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
-		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
-				  origin, nr, list, head, branch_name, quiet);
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
+				  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
 		total++;
 		start_number--;
 	}
-	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;
 	while (0 <= --nr) {
 		int shown;
 		commit = list[nr];
@@ -1396,7 +1485,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 
 		if (!use_stdout &&
-		    reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
+		    reopen_stdout(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
 			die(_("Failed to create output files"));
 		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
 		free(commit->buffer);
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index b5434af0c8..e1cf6d8547 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int abbrev;
 static int show_deleted;
@@ -30,11 +31,12 @@ static int debug_mode;
 static const char *prefix;
 static int max_prefix_len;
 static int prefix_len;
-static const char **pathspec;
+static struct pathspec pathspec;
 static int error_unmatch;
 static char *ps_matched;
 static const char *with_tree;
 static int exc_given;
+static int exclude_args;
 
 static const char *tag_cached = "";
 static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
@@ -45,10 +47,14 @@ static const char *tag_modified = "";
 static const char *tag_skip_worktree = "";
 static const char *tag_resolve_undo = "";
 
-static void write_name(const char* name, size_t len)
+static void write_name(const char *name)
 {
-	write_name_quoted_relative(name, len, prefix, prefix_len, stdout,
-			line_terminator);
+	/*
+	 * With "--full-name", prefix_len=0; this caller needs to pass
+	 * an empty string in that case (a NULL is good for "").
+	 */
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix_len ? prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_terminator);
 }
 
 static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
@@ -58,11 +64,11 @@ static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
 	if (len >= ent->len)
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - directory entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	fputs(tag, stdout);
-	write_name(ent->name, ent->len);
+	write_name(ent->name);
 }
 
 static void show_other_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
@@ -126,14 +132,14 @@ static void show_killed_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 	}
 }
 
-static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int len = max_prefix_len;
 
 	if (len >= ce_namelen(ce))
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - cache entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	if (tag && *tag && show_valid_bit &&
@@ -162,13 +168,15 @@ static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
 		       find_unique_abbrev(ce->sha1,abbrev),
 		       ce_stage(ce));
 	}
-	write_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	write_name(ce->name);
 	if (debug_mode) {
-		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_ctime.sec, ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_mtime.sec, ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", ce->ce_dev, ce->ce_ino);
-		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", ce->ce_uid, ce->ce_gid);
-		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", ce->ce_size, ce->ce_flags);
+		const struct stat_data *sd = &ce->ce_stat_data;
+
+		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_ctime.sec, sd->sd_ctime.nsec);
+		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_mtime.sec, sd->sd_mtime.nsec);
+		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", sd->sd_dev, sd->sd_ino);
+		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", sd->sd_uid, sd->sd_gid);
+		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", sd->sd_size, ce->ce_flags);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -187,7 +195,7 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 		len = strlen(path);
 		if (len < max_prefix_len)
 			continue; /* outside of the prefix */
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
 			continue; /* uninterested */
 		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 			if (!ui->mode[i])
@@ -195,38 +203,36 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 			printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
 			       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
 			       i + 1);
-			write_name(path, len);
+			write_name(path);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static int ce_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *check, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-	return path_excluded(check, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), &dtype);
+	return is_excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype);
 }
 
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct path_exclude_check check;
-
-	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		path_exclude_check_init(&check, dir);
 
 	/* For cached/deleted files we don't need to even do the readdir */
 	if (show_others || show_killed) {
-		fill_directory(dir, pathspec);
+		if (!show_others)
+			dir->flags |= DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY;
+		fill_directory(dir, &pathspec);
 		if (show_others)
 			show_other_files(dir);
 		if (show_killed)
 			show_killed_files(dir);
 	}
-	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
+	if (show_cached || show_stage) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
-			    !ce_excluded(&check, ce))
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
@@ -236,13 +242,13 @@ static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 				(ce_skip_worktree(ce) ? tag_skip_worktree : tag_cached), ce);
 		}
 	}
-	if (show_deleted | show_modified) {
+	if (show_deleted || show_modified) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			struct stat st;
 			int err;
 			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
-			    !ce_excluded(&check, ce))
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 				continue;
@@ -255,9 +261,6 @@ static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 				show_ce_entry(tag_modified, ce);
 		}
 	}
-
-	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		path_exclude_check_clear(&check);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -277,7 +280,7 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	last = active_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
 		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, max_prefix_len)) {
 			first = next+1;
 			continue;
@@ -287,21 +290,6 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	active_nr = last;
 }
 
-static void strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules(void)
-{
-	const char **p;
-
-	for (p = pathspec; *p != NULL; p++) {
-		int len = strlen(*p), pos;
-
-		if (len < 1 || (*p)[len - 1] != '/')
-			continue;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(*p, len - 1);
-		if (pos >= 0 && S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode))
-			*p = xstrndup(*p, len - 1);
-	}
-}
-
 /*
  * Read the tree specified with --with-tree option
  * (typically, HEAD) into stage #1 and then
@@ -333,13 +321,12 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		static const char *(matchbuf[2]);
-		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
-		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, matchbuf);
-		pathspec.items[0].use_wildcard = 0;
+		static const char *(matchbuf[1]);
+		matchbuf[0] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD, prefix, matchbuf);
 	} else
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, NULL);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
 	if (read_tree(tree, 1, &pathspec))
 		die("unable to read tree entries %s", tree_name);
 
@@ -364,15 +351,16 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 }
 
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix)
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched,
+		      const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		      const char *prefix)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
 	 */
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *name;
 	int num, errors = 0;
-	for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++) {
+	for (num = 0; num < pathspec->nr; num++) {
 		int other, found_dup;
 
 		if (ps_matched[num])
@@ -380,13 +368,16 @@ int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char
 		/*
 		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
 		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
+		 * FIXME: parse_pathspec should have eliminated
+		 * duplicate pathspec.
 		 */
 		for (found_dup = other = 0;
-		     !found_dup && pathspec[other];
+		     !found_dup && other < pathspec->nr;
 		     other++) {
 			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
 				continue;
-			if (!strcmp(pathspec[other], pathspec[num]))
+			if (!strcmp(pathspec->items[other].original,
+				    pathspec->items[num].original))
 				/*
 				 * Ok, we have a match already.
 				 */
@@ -395,9 +386,8 @@ int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char
 		if (found_dup)
 			continue;
 
-		name = quote_path_relative(pathspec[num], -1, &sb, prefix);
 		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
-		      name);
+		      pathspec->items[num].original);
 		errors++;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -420,10 +410,10 @@ static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
 	exc_given = 1;
-	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -452,31 +442,33 @@ static int option_parse_exclude_standard(const struct option *opt,
 
 int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 {
-	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0, i;
 	const char *max_prefix;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
+		OPT_BOOL('t', NULL, &show_tag,
 			N_("identify the file status with tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
+		OPT_BOOL('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
 			N_("use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "cached", &show_cached,
 			N_("show cached files in the output (default)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
 			N_("show deleted files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "modified", &show_modified,
 			N_("show modified files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "others", &show_others,
 			N_("show other files in the output")),
 		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
 			N_("show ignored files in the output"),
 			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "stage", &show_stage,
 			N_("show staged contents' object name in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
+		OPT_BOOL('k', "killed", &show_killed,
 			N_("show files on the filesystem that need to be removed")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
 			N_("show 'other' directories' name only"),
@@ -484,11 +476,11 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
 			N_("don't show empty directories"),
 			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
 			N_("show unmerged files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
 			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], N_("pattern"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
 			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
@@ -502,12 +494,12 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_len, NULL,
 			N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
 			N_("if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, N_("tree-ish"),
 			N_("pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -525,6 +517,10 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
 			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++) {
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, --exclude_args);
+	}
 	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
 		tag_cached = "H ";
 		tag_unmerged = "M ";
@@ -549,30 +545,25 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 	if (require_work_tree && !is_inside_work_tree())
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	/* be nice with submodule paths ending in a slash */
-	if (pathspec)
-		strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules();
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	/* Find common prefix for all pathspec's */
-	max_prefix = common_prefix(pathspec);
+	max_prefix = common_prefix(&pathspec);
 	max_prefix_len = max_prefix ? strlen(max_prefix) : 0;
 
 	/* Treat unmatching pathspec elements as errors */
-	if (pathspec && error_unmatch) {
-		int num;
-		for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++)
-			;
-		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, num);
-	}
+	if (pathspec.nr && error_unmatch)
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pathspec.nr);
 
 	if ((dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exc_given)
 		die("ls-files --ignored needs some exclude pattern");
 
 	/* With no flags, we default to showing the cached files */
-	if (!(show_stage | show_deleted | show_others | show_unmerged |
-	      show_killed | show_modified | show_resolve_undo))
+	if (!(show_stage || show_deleted || show_others || show_unmerged ||
+	      show_killed || show_modified || show_resolve_undo))
 		show_cached = 1;
 
 	if (max_prefix)
@@ -592,7 +583,7 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	if (ps_matched) {
 		int bad;
-		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix);
+		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, &pathspec, prefix);
 		if (bad)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Did you forget to 'git add'?\n");
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-tree.c b/builtin/ls-tree.c
index 235c17cc01..65ec931846 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-tree.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 #define LS_RECURSIVE 1
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	if (ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
 		return 1;
 
-	s = pathspec.raw;
+	s = pathspec._raw;
 	if (!s)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -138,9 +139,9 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
 			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			    N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
-			       "(implies --full-name)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			    "(implies --full-name)")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -166,9 +167,17 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1));
+	/*
+	 * show_recursive() rolls its own matching code and is
+	 * generally ignorant of 'struct pathspec'. The magic mask
+	 * cannot be lifted until it is converted to use
+	 * match_pathspec_depth() or tree_entry_interesting()
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv + 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
-		pathspec.items[i].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
 	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index 2d4327801e..06296d4bdf 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -130,6 +130,27 @@ static int populate_maildir_list(struct string_list *list, const char *path)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int maildir_filename_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (*a && *b) {
+		if (isdigit(*a) && isdigit(*b)) {
+			long int na, nb;
+			na = strtol(a, (char **)&a, 10);
+			nb = strtol(b, (char **)&b, 10);
+			if (na != nb)
+				return na - nb;
+			/* strtol advanced our pointers */
+		}
+		else {
+			if (*a != *b)
+				return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+	}
+	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
 static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
@@ -139,6 +160,8 @@ static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int i;
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
+	list.cmp = maildir_filename_cmp;
+
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-base.c b/builtin/merge-base.c
index 1bc7991048..e88eb93f14 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-base.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-base.c
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int is_ancestor = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, N_("list revs not reachable from others")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "is-ancestor", &is_ancestor,
-			    N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "octopus", &octopus, N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &reduce, N_("list revs not reachable from others")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "is-ancestor", &is_ancestor,
+			 N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
 	if (!octopus && !reduce && argc < 2)
 		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
-	if (is_ancestor && (show_all | octopus | reduce))
+	if (is_ancestor && (show_all || octopus || reduce))
 		die("--is-ancestor cannot be used with other options");
 	if (is_ancestor)
 		return handle_is_ancestor(argc, argv);
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index c0570f2407..844f84f40b 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int prefixlen = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, N_("use a diff3 based merge"), XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use our version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
diff --git a/builtin/merge-index.c b/builtin/merge-index.c
index 2338832587..b416d92849 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-index.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-index.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
 	found = 0;
 	do {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		int stage = ce_stage(ce);
 
 		if (strcmp(ce->name, path))
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 	return found;
 }
 
-static void merge_file(const char *path)
+static void merge_one_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void merge_all(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		i += merge_entry(i, ce->name)-1;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
 		}
-		merge_file(arg);
+		merge_one_path(arg);
 	}
 	if (err && !quiet)
 		die("merge program failed");
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 897a563bc6..61cbde4094 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
-static int resolve_directories = 1;
 
 struct merge_list {
 	struct merge_list *next;
 	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
 
-	unsigned int stage : 2,
-		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int stage : 2;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 	struct blob *blob;
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ static void add_merge_entry(struct merge_list *entry)
 	merge_result_end = &entry->next;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base);
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict);
 
 static const char *explanation(struct merge_list *entry)
 {
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ static void *result(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
 	their = NULL;
 	if (entry)
 		their = entry->blob;
-	return merge_file(path, base, our, their, size);
+	return merge_blobs(path, base, our, their, size);
 }
 
 static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
@@ -157,6 +155,11 @@ static int same_entry(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 
+static int both_empty(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return !(a->sha1 || b->sha1);
+}
+
 static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 {
 	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
@@ -174,17 +177,17 @@ static char *traverse_path(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_e
 	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
 }
 
-static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
 {
 	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
 	const char *path;
 
-	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
-	if (!branch1)
+	/* If it's already ours, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!ours)
 		return;
 
 	path = traverse_path(info, result);
-	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
+	orig = create_entry(2, ours->mode, ours->sha1, path);
 	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
 
 	final->link = orig;
@@ -192,34 +195,35 @@ static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1
 	add_merge_entry(final);
 }
 
-static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+static void unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3],
+				 int df_conflict)
 {
 	char *newbase;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 	struct tree_desc t[3];
 	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
 
-	if (!resolve_directories)
-		return 0;
-	p = n;
-	if (!p->mode) {
-		p++;
-		if (!p->mode)
-			p++;
+	for (p = n; p < n + 3; p++) {
+		if (p->mode && S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+			break;
 	}
-	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
-		return 0;
+	if (n + 3 <= p)
+		return; /* there is no tree here */
+
 	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
-	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
-	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
-	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
-	merge_trees(t, newbase);
+
+#define ENTRY_SHA1(e) (((e)->mode && S_ISDIR((e)->mode)) ? (e)->sha1 : NULL)
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 0));
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 1));
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 2));
+#undef ENTRY_SHA1
+
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, newbase, df_conflict);
 
 	free(buf0);
 	free(buf1);
 	free(buf2);
 	free(newbase);
-	return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -242,18 +246,30 @@ static struct merge_list *link_entry(unsigned stage, const struct traverse_info
 static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+	int i;
+	unsigned dirmask = 0, mask = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		mask |= (1 << i);
+		/*
+		 * Treat missing entries as directories so that we return
+		 * after unresolved_directory has handled this.
+		 */
+		if (!n[i].mode || S_ISDIR(n[i].mode))
+			dirmask |= (1 << i);
+	}
+
+	unresolved_directory(info, n, dirmask && (dirmask != mask));
 
-	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+	if (dirmask == mask)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
-	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
-	 * links at the front.
-	 */
-	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+	if (n[2].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[2].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	if (n[1].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[1].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	if (n[0].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[0].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
 
 	add_merge_entry(entry);
 }
@@ -290,40 +306,50 @@ static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	/* Same in both? */
-	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[0].sha1) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		/* Modified, added or removed identically */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
 		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			/* We did not touch, they modified -- take theirs */
 			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
 			return mask;
 		}
+		/*
+		 * If we did not touch a directory but they made it
+		 * into a file, we fall through and unresolved()
+		 * recurses down.  Likewise for the opposite case.
+		 */
 	}
 
-	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		/* We added, modified or removed, they did not touch -- take ours */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	unresolved(info, entry);
 	return mask;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict)
 {
 	struct traverse_info info;
 
 	setup_traverse_info(&info, base);
+	info.data = &df_conflict;
 	info.fn = threeway_callback;
 	traverse_trees(3, t, &info);
 }
 
+static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+{
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, base, 0);
+}
+
 static void *get_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *rev)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index a96e8eac19..02a69c14e6 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
 };
 
 static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len = -1, squash;
-static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
-static int fast_forward_only, option_edit = -1;
-static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static int option_commit = 1;
+static int option_edit = -1;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message, verify_signatures;
 static int overwrite_ignore = 1;
 static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strategy **use_strategies;
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
 
 static const char *pull_twohead, *pull_octopus;
 
+enum ff_type {
+	FF_NO,
+	FF_ALLOW,
+	FF_ONLY
+};
+
+static enum ff_type fast_forward = FF_ALLOW;
+
 static int option_parse_message(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -178,27 +186,36 @@ static int option_parse_n(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int option_parse_ff_only(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	fast_forward = FF_ONLY;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
 		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
 	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
 	  N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "squash", &squash,
 		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "commit", &option_commit,
 		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &option_edit,
 		N_("edit message before committing")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
-		N_("allow fast-forward (default)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
-		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "ff", &fast_forward, N_("allow fast-forward (default)"), FF_ALLOW),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ff-only", NULL, NULL,
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, option_parse_ff_only },
 	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify-signatures", &verify_signatures,
+		N_("Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature")),
 	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, N_("strategy"),
 		N_("merge strategy to use"), option_parse_strategy),
 	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, N_("option=value"),
@@ -207,12 +224,12 @@ static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 		N_("merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"),
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
 		N_("abort the current in-progress merge")),
 	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("force progress reporting"), 1),
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
 	  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -516,6 +533,19 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
 		strbuf_release(&line);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
+
+	if (remote_head->util) {
+		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
+		desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
+		if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->sha1),
+				    typename(desc->obj->type),
+				    remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
 		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
 cleanup:
@@ -566,10 +596,9 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 		int boolval = git_config_maybe_bool(k, v);
 		if (0 <= boolval) {
-			allow_fast_forward = boolval;
+			fast_forward = boolval ? FF_ALLOW : FF_NO;
 		} else if (v && !strcmp(v, "only")) {
-			allow_fast_forward = 1;
-			fast_forward_only = 1;
+			fast_forward = FF_ONLY;
 		} /* do not barf on values from future versions of git */
 		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.defaulttoupstream")) {
@@ -788,20 +817,20 @@ static const char merge_editor_comment[] =
 N_("Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
    "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
    "\n"
-   "Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+   "Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
    "the commit.\n");
 
 static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *comment = _(merge_editor_comment);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
 	if (0 < option_edit)
-		strbuf_add_lines(&msg, "# ", comment, strlen(comment));
+		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		 git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
+	if (run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+		     git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL))
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	if (0 < option_edit) {
 		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
 			abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
@@ -848,7 +877,7 @@ static int finish_automerge(struct commit *head,
 
 	free_commit_list(common);
 	parents = remoteheads;
-	if (!head_subsumed || !allow_fast_forward)
+	if (!head_subsumed || fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		commit_list_insert(head, &parents);
 	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
@@ -874,7 +903,7 @@ static int suggest_conflicts(int renormalizing)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
@@ -933,7 +962,7 @@ static int evaluate_result(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the tracking
+ * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the remote-tracking
  * branch we have for the upstream of the current branch
  */
 static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
@@ -952,7 +981,7 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 	args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
 	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
 		if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
-			die(_("No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"),
+			die(_("No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"),
 			    branch->merge[i]->src, branch->remote_name);
 		args[i] = branch->merge[i]->dst;
 	}
@@ -993,7 +1022,7 @@ static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	if (!allow_fast_forward)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
@@ -1039,7 +1068,8 @@ static struct commit_list *collect_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
 		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
+			help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+					 "not something we can merge");
 		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
 	}
 	*remotes = NULL;
@@ -1141,14 +1171,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		show_diffstat = 0;
 
 	if (squash) {
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."));
 		option_commit = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
-		die(_("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."));
-
 	if (!abort_current_merge) {
 		if (!argc) {
 			if (default_to_upstream)
@@ -1166,7 +1193,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
 	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
 	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
 	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
 	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
 	 */
@@ -1190,7 +1217,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				"empty head"));
 		if (squash)
 			die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 			    "an empty head"));
 		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
@@ -1221,6 +1248,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 			opts.add_title = !have_message;
 			opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+			opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
 
 			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
 			if (merge_msg.len)
@@ -1232,6 +1260,39 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
+	if (verify_signatures) {
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit *commit = p->item;
+			char hex[41];
+			struct signature_check signature_check;
+			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+			strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			switch (signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			case 'B':
+				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			default: /* 'N' */
+				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+				       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+			free(signature_check.gpg_output);
+			free(signature_check.gpg_status);
+			free(signature_check.signer);
+			free(signature_check.key);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
 	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", merge_remote_util(p->item)->name);
@@ -1244,11 +1305,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 		setenv(buf.buf, merge_remote_util(commit)->name, 1);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		if (!fast_forward_only &&
+		if (fast_forward != FF_ONLY &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit) &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
 	if (option_edit < 0)
@@ -1265,7 +1326,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_FAST_FORWARD)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_TRIVIAL)
 			allow_trivial = 0;
 	}
@@ -1295,7 +1356,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 */
 		finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date.");
 		goto done;
-	} else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
+	} else if (fast_forward != FF_NO && !remoteheads->next &&
 			!common->next &&
 			!hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
 		/* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
@@ -1342,7 +1403,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * only one common.
 		 */
 		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-		if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
+		if (allow_trivial && fast_forward != FF_ONLY) {
 			/* See if it is really trivial. */
 			git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 			printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
@@ -1383,7 +1444,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (fast_forward_only)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_ONLY)
 		die(_("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."));
 
 	/* We are going to make a new commit. */
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 034fec92a1..aec79d1838 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
 	N_("git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
-				  int count, int base_name)
+static const char **internal_copy_pathspec(const char *prefix,
+					   const char **pathspec,
+					   int count, int base_name)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char **result = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(const char *));
@@ -56,20 +58,21 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
 int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
+	int i, newfd, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force move/rename even if target exists")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
-	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
+	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path, **submodule_gitfile;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
 	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_mv_options,
@@ -81,17 +84,18 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	source = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
+	source = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
 	modes = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(enum update_mode));
-	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+	dest_path = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+	submodule_gitfile = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(char *));
 
 	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
 		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
 	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
 			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
 	} else {
 		if (argc != 1)
 			die("destination '%s' is not a directory", dest_path[0]);
@@ -117,55 +121,68 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
 			bad = _("cannot move directory over file");
 		else if (src_is_dir) {
-			const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
-			int len_w_slash = length + 1;
-			int first, last;
-
-			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
-
-			first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
-			if (first >= 0)
-				die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
-						len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
-
-			first = -1 - first;
-			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
-				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
-				if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
-					break;
-			}
-			free((char *)src_w_slash);
-
-			if (last - first < 1)
-				bad = _("source directory is empty");
-			else {
-				int j, dst_len;
-
-				if (last - first > 0) {
-					source = xrealloc(source,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					destination = xrealloc(destination,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					modes = xrealloc(modes,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+			int first = cache_name_pos(src, length);
+			if (first >= 0) {
+				struct strbuf submodule_dotgit = STRBUF_INIT;
+				if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[first]->ce_mode))
+					die (_("Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"), src);
+				if (!is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+					die (_("Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
+				strbuf_addf(&submodule_dotgit, "%s/.git", src);
+				submodule_gitfile[i] = read_gitfile(submodule_dotgit.buf);
+				if (submodule_gitfile[i])
+					submodule_gitfile[i] = xstrdup(submodule_gitfile[i]);
+				strbuf_release(&submodule_dotgit);
+			} else {
+				const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
+				int last, len_w_slash = length + 1;
+
+				modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+
+				first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
+				if (first >= 0)
+					die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
+							len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
+
+				first = -1 - first;
+				for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
+					const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
+					if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
+						break;
 				}
+				free((char *)src_w_slash);
+
+				if (last - first < 1)
+					bad = _("source directory is empty");
+				else {
+					int j, dst_len;
 
-				dst = add_slash(dst);
-				dst_len = strlen(dst);
-
-				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
-					const char *path =
-						active_cache[first + j]->name;
-					source[argc + j] = path;
-					destination[argc + j] =
-						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
-							path + length + 1);
-					modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					if (last - first > 0) {
+						source = xrealloc(source,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(char *));
+						destination = xrealloc(destination,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(char *));
+						modes = xrealloc(modes,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+					}
+
+					dst = add_slash(dst);
+					dst_len = strlen(dst);
+
+					for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
+						const char *path =
+							active_cache[first + j]->name;
+						source[argc + j] = path;
+						destination[argc + j] =
+							prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
+								path + length + 1);
+						modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					}
+					argc += last - first;
 				}
-				argc += last - first;
 			}
 		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
 			bad = _("not under version control");
@@ -210,9 +227,14 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int pos;
 		if (show_only || verbose)
 			printf(_("Renaming %s to %s\n"), src, dst);
-		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
-				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
-			die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX) {
+			if (rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
+				die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+			if (submodule_gitfile[i])
+				connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(dst, submodule_gitfile[i]);
+			if (!update_path_in_gitmodules(src, dst))
+				gitmodules_modified = 1;
+		}
 
 		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
 			continue;
@@ -223,6 +245,9 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			rename_cache_entry_at(pos, dst);
 	}
 
+	if (gitmodules_modified)
+		stage_updated_gitmodules();
+
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 6238247974..20fcf8c696 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
 
 #define CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP 86400 /* one day */
 
@@ -82,23 +83,88 @@ copy_data:
 	}
 }
 
+static int subpath_matches(const char *path, const char *filter)
+{
+	const char *subpath = path;
+
+	while (subpath) {
+		if (!fnmatch(filter, subpath, 0))
+			return subpath - path;
+		subpath = strchr(subpath, '/');
+		if (subpath)
+			subpath++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char *name_ref_abbrev(const char *refname, int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	if (shorten_unambiguous)
+		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		refname = refname + 11;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/"))
+		refname = refname + 5;
+	return refname;
+}
+
 struct name_ref_data {
 	int tags_only;
 	int name_only;
 	const char *ref_filter;
 };
 
+static struct tip_table {
+	struct tip_table_entry {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *refname;
+	} *table;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	int sorted;
+} tip_table;
+
+static void add_to_tip_table(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *refname,
+			     int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	refname = name_ref_abbrev(refname, shorten_unambiguous);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr + 1, tip_table.alloc);
+	hashcpy(tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].sha1, sha1);
+	tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].refname = xstrdup(refname);
+	tip_table.nr++;
+	tip_table.sorted = 0;
+}
+
+static int tipcmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct tip_table_entry *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
 static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	struct name_ref_data *data = cb_data;
+	int can_abbreviate_output = data->tags_only && data->name_only;
 	int deref = 0;
 
 	if (data->tags_only && prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (data->ref_filter && fnmatch(data->ref_filter, path, 0))
-		return 0;
+	if (data->ref_filter) {
+		switch (subpath_matches(path, data->ref_filter)) {
+		case -1: /* did not match */
+			return 0;
+		case 0:  /* matched fully */
+			break;
+		default: /* matched subpath */
+			can_abbreviate_output = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	add_to_tip_table(sha1, path, can_abbreviate_output);
 
 	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
@@ -110,20 +176,38 @@ static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void
 	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/heads/"))
-			path = path + 11;
-		else if (data->tags_only
-		    && data->name_only
-		    && !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
-			path = path + 10;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/"))
-			path = path + 5;
-
+		path = name_ref_abbrev(path, can_abbreviate_output);
 		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), 0, 0, deref);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const unsigned char *nth_tip_table_ent(size_t ix, void *table_)
+{
+	struct tip_table_entry *table = table_;
+	return table[ix].sha1;
+}
+
+static const char *get_exact_ref_match(const struct object *o)
+{
+	int found;
+
+	if (!tip_table.table || !tip_table.nr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!tip_table.sorted) {
+		qsort(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr, sizeof(*tip_table.table),
+		      tipcmp);
+		tip_table.sorted = 1;
+	}
+
+	found = sha1_pos(o->sha1, tip_table.table, tip_table.nr,
+			 nth_tip_table_ent);
+	if (0 <= found)
+		return tip_table.table[found].refname;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /* returns a static buffer */
 static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 {
@@ -132,7 +216,7 @@ static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 	struct commit *c;
 
 	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return NULL;
+		return get_exact_ref_match(o);
 	c = (struct commit *) o;
 	n = c->util;
 	if (!n)
@@ -223,25 +307,31 @@ static void name_rev_line(char *p, struct name_ref_data *data)
 int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_array revs = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
+	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0, peel_tag = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, N_("pattern"),
 				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",     &always,
 			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{
+			/* A Hidden OPT_BOOL */
+			OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "peel-tag", &peel_tag, NULL,
+			N_("dereference tags in the input (internal use)"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1,
+		},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, name_rev_usage, 0);
-	if (!!all + !!transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
+	if (all + transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
 		error("Specify either a list, or --all, not both!");
 		usage_with_options(name_rev_usage, opts);
 	}
@@ -250,7 +340,7 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct object *o;
+		struct object *object;
 		struct commit *commit;
 
 		if (get_sha1(*argv, sha1)) {
@@ -259,17 +349,34 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), *argv, 0);
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+		commit = NULL;
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (object) {
+			struct object *peeled = deref_tag(object, *argv, 0);
+			if (peeled && peeled->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+				commit = (struct commit *)peeled;
+		}
+
+		if (!object) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get object for %s. Skipping.\n",
 					*argv);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (cutoff > commit->date)
-			cutoff = commit->date;
-		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (cutoff > commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+
+		if (peel_tag) {
+			if (!commit) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+				continue;
+			}
+			object = (struct object *)commit;
+		}
+		add_object_array(object, *argv, &revs);
 	}
 
 	if (cutoff)
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 453457adb9..d459e23c42 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
  *
  * Based on git-notes.sh by Johannes Schindelin,
- * and builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
+ * and builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
-
-static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
-static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
 	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"),
@@ -92,10 +90,7 @@ static const char * const git_notes_get_ref_usage[] = {
 };
 
 static const char note_template[] =
-	"\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write/edit the notes for the following object:\n"
-	"#\n";
+	"\nWrite/edit the notes for the following object:\n";
 
 struct msg_arg {
 	int given;
@@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 		{"show", "--stat", "--no-notes", sha1_to_hex(object), NULL};
 	struct child_process show;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	FILE *show_out;
+	struct strbuf cbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Invoke "git show --stat --no-notes $object" */
 	memset(&show, 0, sizeof(show));
@@ -142,21 +137,14 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 		die(_("unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 
-	/* Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used. */
-	show_out = xfdopen(show.out, "r");
-	if (show_out == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("can't fdopen 'show' output fd"));
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, show.out, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read 'show' output"));
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&cbuf, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	write_or_die(fd, cbuf.buf, cbuf.len);
 
-	/* Prepend "# " to each output line and write result to 'fd' */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, show_out, '\n') != EOF) {
-		write_or_die(fd, "# ", 2);
-		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
-		write_or_die(fd, "\n", 1);
-	}
+	strbuf_release(&cbuf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (fclose(show_out))
-		die_errno(_("failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"),
-			  sha1_to_hex(object));
+
 	if (finish_command(&show))
 		die(_("failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
@@ -170,6 +158,7 @@ static void create_note(const unsigned char *object, struct msg_arg *msg,
 
 	if (msg->use_editor || !msg->given) {
 		int fd;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		/* write the template message before editing: */
 		path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
@@ -181,11 +170,16 @@ static void create_note(const unsigned char *object, struct msg_arg *msg,
 			write_or_die(fd, msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len);
 		else if (prev && !append_only)
 			write_note_data(fd, prev);
-		write_or_die(fd, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 
 		write_commented_object(fd, object);
 
 		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&(msg->buf));
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, &(msg->buf), NULL)) {
@@ -291,139 +285,13 @@ static int parse_reedit_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-
-	if (!t)
-		t = &default_notes_tree;
-	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
-		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
-	if (!t->dirty)
-		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
-
-	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
-	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
-
-	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
-	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
-	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
-{
-	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
-		return combine_notes_overwrite;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
-		return combine_notes_ignore;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
-		return combine_notes_concatenate;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
-		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
-	else
-		return NULL;
-}
-
-static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
-		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
-		if (!v)
-			config_error_nonbool(k);
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
-		if (!c->combine) {
-			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
-			return 1;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
-		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
-		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
-		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
-			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
-		else
-			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
-				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
-	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
-	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-	c->cmd = cmd;
-	c->enabled = 1;
-	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
-	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
-	c->refs_from_env = 0;
-	c->mode_from_env = 0;
-	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
-		c->mode_from_env = 1;
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
-		if (!c->combine)
-			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
-			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
-					rewrite_mode_env);
-	}
-	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
-		c->refs_from_env = 1;
-		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
-	}
-	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
-	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
-		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-		free(c->refs);
-		free(c);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
-	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-	free(c->refs);
-	return c;
-}
-
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
-		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
-	return ret;
-}
-
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
-		commit_notes(c->trees[i], "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
-		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
-	}
-	free(c->trees);
-	free(c);
-}
-
 static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = NULL;
 	struct notes_tree *t = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;
+	const char *msg = "Notes added by 'git notes copy'";
 
 	if (rewrite_cmd) {
 		c = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(rewrite_cmd);
@@ -465,10 +333,10 @@ static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (!rewrite_cmd) {
-		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
+		commit_notes(t, msg);
 		free_notes(t);
 	} else {
-		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c);
+		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c, msg);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -615,7 +483,7 @@ static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, N_("command"),
 			   N_("load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
 			      "--stdin)")),
@@ -871,13 +739,13 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			   N_("resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
 			      "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)")),
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Committing unmerged notes")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
 			N_("finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"),
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Aborting notes merge resolution")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
 			N_("abort notes merge"),
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -985,7 +853,7 @@ static int remove_cmd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &flag,
 			N_("attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"),
 			IGNORE_MISSING),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
 			    N_("read object names from the standard input")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index f069462cb0..e86cd5729f 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -1809,7 +1809,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned *list_size,
 static void try_to_free_from_threads(size_t size)
 {
 	read_lock();
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 	read_unlock();
 }
 
@@ -2378,7 +2378,7 @@ static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
 
 	if (keep_unreachable)
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index b5a0f88eb8..b20b1ec4c1 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
 	N_("git pack-refs [options]"),
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index 83382c1fe1..fa6ce42f44 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define DRY_RUN 01
-#define VERBOSE 02
-
 static struct progress *progress;
 
 static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
 		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
+		if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN)
 			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
 		else
 			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(dir);
 
-	if (opts == VERBOSE)
+	if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE)
 		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
 			256, 95, 2);
 
@@ -71,10 +68,12 @@ void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 
 int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"), DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"), VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"),
+			PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"),
+			   PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 8cb8b9186a..6366917c6d 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
-		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
@@ -149,9 +149,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *name = *argv++;
 
 		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, name);
 			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
 		}
 		else
@@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
 
-	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only ? PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN : 0);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
 	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index db9ba30b08..7b1b66c36a 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ static const char * const push_usage[] = {
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static int thin;
+static int thin = 1;
 static int deleterefs;
 static const char *receivepack;
 static int verbosity;
 static int progress = -1;
 
+static struct push_cas_option cas;
+
 static const char **refspec;
 static int refspec_nr;
 static int refspec_alloc;
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ static NORETURN int die_push_simple(struct branch *branch, struct remote *remote
 	if (!short_upstream)
 		short_upstream = branch->merge[0]->src;
 	/*
-	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitely set
+	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitly set
 	 * push.default.
 	 */
 	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED)
@@ -113,17 +115,20 @@ static NORETURN int die_push_simple(struct branch *branch, struct remote *remote
 	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
 }
 
-static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, int simple)
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
+static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch,
+				int triangular)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
 	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
@@ -135,18 +140,29 @@ static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, int simple)
 	if (branch->merge_nr != 1)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, "
 		    "refusing to push."), branch->name);
-	if (strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name))
+	if (triangular)
 		die(_("You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
 		      "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 		      "to update which remote branch."),
 		    remote->name, branch->name);
-	if (simple && strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
-		die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE) {
+		/* Additional safety */
+		if (strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
+			die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&refspec, "%s:%s", branch->name, branch->merge[0]->src);
 	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
 }
 
+static void setup_push_current(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch)
+{
+	if (!branch)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	add_refspec(branch->name);
+}
+
 static char warn_unspecified_push_default_msg[] =
 N_("push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
    "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -171,8 +187,17 @@ static void warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration(void)
 	warning("%s\n", _(warn_unspecified_push_default_msg));
 }
 
+static int is_workflow_triangular(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct remote *fetch_remote = remote_get(NULL);
+	return (fetch_remote && fetch_remote != remote);
+}
+
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	int triangular = is_workflow_triangular(remote);
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
@@ -184,15 +209,18 @@ static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote, 1);
+		if (triangular)
+			setup_push_current(remote, branch);
+		else
+			setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote, 0);
+		setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		setup_push_current(remote, branch);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
@@ -204,8 +232,8 @@ static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 
 static const char message_advice_pull_before_push[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-	   "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-	   "before pushing again.\n"
+	   "its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+	   "'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
 static const char message_advice_use_upstream[] =
@@ -216,48 +244,90 @@ static const char message_advice_use_upstream[] =
 
 static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-	   "(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
+
 static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_pull_before_push));
 }
 
 static void advise_use_upstream(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_use_upstream));
 }
 
 static void advise_checkout_pull_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_checkout_pull_push));
 }
 
+static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_already_exists || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
-	int nonfastforward;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 
 	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
 
 	if (receivepack)
 		transport_set_option(transport,
 				     TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK, receivepack);
-	if (thin)
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, thin ? "yes" : NULL);
+
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas)) {
+		if (!transport->smart_options)
+			die("underlying transport does not support --%s option",
+			    CAS_OPT_NAME);
+		transport->smart_options->cas = &cas;
+	}
 
 	if (verbosity > 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Pushing to %s\n"), transport->url);
 	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
-			     &nonfastforward);
+			     &reject_reasons);
 	if (err != 0)
 		error(_("failed to push some refs to '%s'"), transport->url);
 
@@ -265,18 +335,19 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 	if (!err)
 		return 0;
 
-	switch (nonfastforward) {
-	default:
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_HEAD:
+	if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD) {
 		advise_pull_before_push();
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_OTHER:
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER) {
 		if (default_matching_used)
 			advise_use_upstream();
 		else
 			advise_checkout_pull_push();
-		break;
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -285,7 +356,7 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 {
 	int i, errs;
-	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	struct remote *remote = pushremote_get(repo);
 	const char **url;
 	int url_nr;
 
@@ -383,15 +454,19 @@ int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, N_("push all refs"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
 		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, N_("mirror all refs"),
 			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
 		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, N_("dry run"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
 		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, N_("machine-readable output"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
 		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, N_("force updates"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, CAS_OPT_NAME, &cas, N_("refname>:<expect"),
+		  N_("require old value of ref to be at this value"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_push_cas_option },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, N_("check"),
 			N_("control recursive pushing of submodules"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
 		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
 		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
 		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, N_("set upstream for git pull/status"),
@@ -399,6 +474,9 @@ int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune locally removed refs"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "no-verify", &flags, N_("bypass pre-push hook"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "follow-tags", &flags, N_("push missing but relevant tags"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index 042ac1b84f..0f5d7fe23f 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static int exclude_per_directory_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void debug_stage(const char *label, const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	printf("%s ", label);
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
 		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 }
 
-static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int debug_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int i;
 
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index ff781febca..67ce1ef105 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ static int quiet;
 static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
 static int auto_update_server_info;
 static int auto_gc = 1;
+static int fix_thin = 1;
 static const char *head_name;
 static void *head_name_to_free;
 static int sent_capabilities;
@@ -59,6 +61,11 @@ static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	int status = parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "receive");
+
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
 		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -119,6 +126,9 @@ static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static void show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
+	if (ref_is_hidden(path))
+		return;
+
 	if (sent_capabilities)
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
 	else
@@ -182,9 +192,6 @@ struct command {
 	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
-static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
-
 static void rp_error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 static void rp_warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
@@ -242,10 +249,10 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook(hook_name);
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = hook_name;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 
 	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
@@ -331,15 +338,14 @@ static int run_receive_hook(struct command *commands, const char *hook_name,
 
 static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
 {
-	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
 	const char *argv[5];
 	struct child_process proc;
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("update");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = update_hook;
 	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
 	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
 	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
@@ -520,7 +526,8 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 	else {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0);
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1,
+					       0, NULL);
 		if (!lock) {
 			rp_error("failed to lock %s", name);
 			return "failed to lock";
@@ -532,24 +539,25 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 	}
 }
 
-static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
-
 static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int argc;
 	const char **argv;
 	struct child_process proc;
+	char *hook;
 
+	hook = find_hook("post-update");
 	for (argc = 0, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
 		argc++;
 	}
-	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	if (!argc || !hook)
 		return;
+
 	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
-	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
+	argv[0] = hook;
 
 	for (argc = 1, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		char *p;
@@ -688,6 +696,20 @@ static int iterate_receive_command_list(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	return -1; /* end of list */
 }
 
+static void reject_updates_to_hidden(struct command *commands)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (cmd->error_string || !ref_is_hidden(cmd->ref_name))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			cmd->error_string = "deny deleting a hidden ref";
+		else
+			cmd->error_string = "deny updating a hidden ref";
+	}
+}
+
 static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_error)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
@@ -704,7 +726,9 @@ static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_erro
 				       0, &cmd))
 		set_connectivity_errors(commands);
 
-	if (run_receive_hook(commands, pre_receive_hook, 0)) {
+	reject_updates_to_hidden(commands);
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(commands, "pre-receive", 0)) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 			if (!cmd->error_string)
 				cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
@@ -733,17 +757,15 @@ static struct command *read_head_info(void)
 	struct command *commands = NULL;
 	struct command **p = &commands;
 	for (;;) {
-		static char line[1000];
+		char *line;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
 		struct command *cmd;
 		char *refname;
 		int len, reflen;
 
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		line = packet_read_line(0, &len);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-			line[--len] = 0;
 		if (len < 83 ||
 		    line[40] != ' ' ||
 		    line[81] != ' ' ||
@@ -807,8 +829,11 @@ static const char *unpack(int err_fd)
 			    : 0);
 
 	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err)
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
 		return hdr_err;
+	}
 	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
 			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
 			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
@@ -847,7 +872,8 @@ static const char *unpack(int err_fd)
 		keeper[i++] = "--stdin";
 		if (fsck_objects)
 			keeper[i++] = "--strict";
-		keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
+		if (fix_thin)
+			keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
 		keeper[i++] = hdr_arg;
 		keeper[i++] = keep_arg;
 		keeper[i++] = NULL;
@@ -911,7 +937,7 @@ static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
 	if (use_sideband)
 		send_sideband(1, 1, buf.buf, buf.len, use_sideband);
 	else
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -953,6 +979,10 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				stateless_rpc = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--reject-thin-pack-for-testing")) {
+				fix_thin = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
 
 			usage(receive_pack_usage);
 		}
@@ -994,7 +1024,7 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
 		if (report_status)
 			report(commands, unpack_status);
-		run_receive_hook(commands, post_receive_hook, 1);
+		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1);
 		run_update_post_hook(commands);
 		if (auto_gc) {
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index b3c9e27bde..6eb24c8da2 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ static int tree_is_complete(const unsigned char *sha1)
 			complete = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 
 	if (complete)
 		tree->object.flags |= SEEN;
@@ -366,7 +365,7 @@ static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused,
 	 * we take the lock for the ref itself to prevent it from
 	 * getting updated.
 	 */
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
 	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", ref);
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused,
 		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
 			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
+				clear_commit_marks(elem->item, REACHABLE);
 			free_commit_list(tips);
 		} else {
 			clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
@@ -496,11 +495,9 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
-		*expire = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	if (parse_expiry_date(value, expire))
+		return error(_("%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"),
+			     value, var);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -510,26 +507,27 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 
 static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	const char *pattern, *key;
+	int pattern_len;
 	unsigned long expire;
 	int slot;
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
 
-	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "gc", &pattern, &pattern_len, &key) < 0)
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpire")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpireunreachable")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
 	} else
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+	if (!pattern) {
 		switch (slot) {
 		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
 			default_reflog_expire = expire;
@@ -541,7 +539,7 @@ static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(pattern, pattern_len);
 	if (!ent)
 		return -1;
 	switch (slot) {
@@ -613,11 +611,13 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
 			cb.dry_run = 1;
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 9, &cb.expire_total))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		}
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
-			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 21, &cb.expire_unreachable))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 937484d7c7..eaac3e2012 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int i;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "tags", &fetch_tags,
 			    N_("import all tags and associated objects when fetching"),
 			    TAGS_SET),
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (argc < 2)
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
 
 	if (mirror && master)
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
@@ -1195,10 +1195,10 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 	char *head_name = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
-			    N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
-			    N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "auto", &opt_a,
+			 N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &opt_d,
+			 N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
@@ -1317,8 +1317,8 @@ static int update(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int i, prune = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-			    N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+			 N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	const char **fetch_argv;
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ static int set_branches(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int add_mode = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1432,11 +1432,11 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int urlset_nr;
 	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
-			    N_("manipulate push URLs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
-			    N_("add URL")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			 N_("manipulate push URLs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode,
+			 N_("add URL")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
 			    N_("delete URLs")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index 398ccd5eaa..b1bd3ef994 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
  *
- * Based on builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
  * and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com> that was itself based on
  * git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
  */
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
 			  int force)
 {
 	unsigned char object[20], prev[20], repl[20];
+	enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 
@@ -100,12 +101,21 @@ static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
 	if (check_refname_format(ref, 0))
 		die("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref);
 
+	obj_type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+	repl_type = sha1_object_info(repl, NULL);
+	if (!force && obj_type != repl_type)
+		die("Objects must be of the same type.\n"
+		    "'%s' points to a replaced object of type '%s'\n"
+		    "while '%s' points to a replacement object of type '%s'.",
+		    object_ref, typename(obj_type),
+		    replace_ref, typename(repl_type));
+
 	if (read_ref(ref, prev))
 		hashclr(prev);
 	else if (!force)
 		die("replace ref '%s' already exists", ref);
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, repl, NULL) < 0)
@@ -118,9 +128,9 @@ int cmd_replace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, N_("list replace refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete replace refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "list", &list, N_("list replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "force", &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index dc1708e6d6..4e51addb3e 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const rerere_usage[] = {
 	N_("git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"),
@@ -68,11 +69,12 @@ int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return rerere(flags);
 
 	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forget")) {
-		const char **pathspec;
+		struct pathspec pathspec;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			warning("'git rerere forget' without paths is deprecated");
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1);
-		return rerere_forget(pathspec);
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+			       prefix, argv + 1);
+		return rerere_forget(&pathspec);
 	}
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 915cc9f86f..1a53448772 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
 	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
-	N_("git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."),
-	N_("git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
+	N_("git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -38,14 +38,12 @@ static inline int is_merge(void)
 	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
 }
 
-static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+static int reset_index(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
 {
 	int nr = 1;
-	int newfd;
 	struct tree_desc desc[2];
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.head_idx = 1;
@@ -67,8 +65,6 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 		opts.reset = 1;
 	}
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-
 	read_cache_unmerged();
 
 	if (reset_type == KEEP) {
@@ -91,20 +87,18 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, tree);
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock))
-		return error(_("Could not write new index file."));
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 {
 	const char *hex, *body;
+	char *msg;
 
 	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"), hex);
-	body = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+	msg = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_log_output_encoding());
+	body = strstr(msg, "\n\n");
 	if (body) {
 		const char *eol;
 		size_t len;
@@ -115,38 +109,13 @@ static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 	}
 	else
 		printf("\n");
-}
-
-static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (!index_lock) {
-		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		return error(_("Could not read index"));
-
-	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
-			       _("Unstaged changes after reset:")) ? 1 : 0;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
-		return error ("Could not refresh index");
-	return result;
+	logmsg_free(msg, commit);
 }
 
 static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *discard_flag = data;
-
-	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
-	discard_cache();
-	*discard_flag = 1;
-	read_cache();
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
@@ -164,43 +133,24 @@ static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 	}
 }
 
-static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
-			     const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
-
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
-}
-
-static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
-		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
+static int read_from_tree(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  unsigned char *tree_sha1)
 {
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
 	struct diff_options opt;
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	copy_pathspec(&opt.pathspec, pathspec);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
-	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-	index_was_discarded = 0;
 	read_cache();
 	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
 		return 1;
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
-	if (!index_was_discarded)
-		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
-		discard_cache();
-	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
@@ -225,15 +175,85 @@ static void die_if_unmerged_cache(int reset_type)
 
 }
 
-int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static void parse_args(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		       int patch_mode,
+		       const char **rev_ret)
 {
-	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	const char *rev = "HEAD";
-	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
-				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
-	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+	/*
+	 * Possible arguments are:
+	 *
+	 * git reset [-opts] [<rev>]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
+	 *
+	 * At this point, argv points immediately after [-opts].
+	 */
+
+	if (argv[0]) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
+			argv++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[0];
+			argv += 2;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, argv[0] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous. If there is a single argument, it
+		 * can not be a tree
+		 */
+		else if ((!argv[1] && !get_sha1_committish(argv[0], unused)) ||
+			 (argv[1] && !get_sha1_treeish(argv[0], unused))) {
+			/*
+			 * Ok, argv[0] looks like a commit/tree; it should not
+			 * be a filename.
+			 */
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[0]);
+			rev = *argv++;
+		} else {
+			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[0], 1);
+		}
+	}
+	*rev_ret = rev;
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       (patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0),
+		       prefix, argv);
+}
+
+static int reset_refs(const char *rev, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int update_ref_status;
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+		*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
+
+int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	const char *rev;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet, only report errors")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
@@ -245,7 +265,7 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), MERGE),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
 				N_("reset HEAD but keep local changes"), KEEP),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -253,73 +273,45 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
 						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
-
-	/*
-	 * Possible arguments are:
-	 *
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
-	 *
-	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
-	 */
-
-	if (i < argc) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
-		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
-			rev = argv[i];
-			i += 2;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
-		 * has to be unambiguous.
-		 */
-		else if (!get_sha1_committish(argv[i], sha1)) {
-			/*
-			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
-			 * be a filename.
-			 */
-			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-			rev = argv[i++];
-		} else {
-			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i], 1);
-		}
+	parse_args(&pathspec, argv, prefix, patch_mode, &rev);
+
+	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_sha1("HEAD", sha1);
+	if (unborn) {
+		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
+		hashcpy(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	} else if (!pathspec.nr) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."), rev);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	} else {
+		struct tree *tree;
+		if (get_sha1_treeish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."), rev);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+		if (!tree)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, tree->object.sha1);
 	}
 
-	if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
-		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), rev);
-
-	/*
-	 * NOTE: As "git reset $treeish -- $path" should be usable on
-	 * any tree-ish, this is not strictly correct. We are not
-	 * moving the HEAD to any commit; we are merely resetting the
-	 * entries in the index to that of a treeish.
-	 */
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
-
 	if (patch_mode) {
 		if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"));
-		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+		return run_add_interactive(sha1_to_hex(sha1), "--patch=reset", &pathspec);
 	}
 
 	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
 	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
 	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
-	if (i < argc) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		if (reset_type == MIXED)
 			warning(_("--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."));
 		else if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("Cannot do %s reset with paths."),
 					_(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
-		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
 	}
 	if (reset_type == NONE)
 		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
@@ -334,49 +326,41 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
 	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
-	if (reset_type == SOFT)
+	if (reset_type == SOFT || reset_type == KEEP)
 		die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-	else {
-		int err;
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-		err = reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			err = err || reset_index_file(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
-		if (err)
-			die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
-	}
 
-	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
-	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
-	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
-		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
-	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
-		orig = sha1_orig;
-		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
-	}
-	else if (old_orig)
-		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
-	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
-	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	if (reset_type != SOFT) {
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock));
+		int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) {
+			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
+			if (read_from_tree(&pathspec, sha1))
+				return 1;
+			refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
+				      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+		} else {
+			int err = reset_index(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
+			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
+				err = reset_index(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
+			if (err)
+				die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+		}
 
-	switch (reset_type) {
-	case HARD:
-		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
-			print_new_head_line(commit);
-		break;
-	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
-		break;
-	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
-		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-		break;
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(lock))
+			die(_("Could not write new index file."));
 	}
 
-	remove_branch_state();
+	if (!pathspec.nr && !unborn) {
+		/* Any resets without paths update HEAD to the head being
+		 * switched to, saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+		update_ref_status = reset_refs(rev, sha1);
 
-	strbuf_release(&msg);
+		if (reset_type == HARD && !update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(lookup_commit_reference(sha1));
+	}
+	if (!pathspec.nr)
+		remove_branch_state();
 
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index 67701be551..4fc1616637 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 		ctx.date_mode = revs->date_mode;
 		ctx.date_mode_explicit = revs->date_mode_explicit;
 		ctx.fmt = revs->commit_format;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &buf);
 		if (revs->graph) {
 			if (buf.len) {
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs.tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 
 	if (bisect_list) {
 		int reaches = reaches, all = all;
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index f267a1d3b5..c76b89dc5b 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -212,11 +212,17 @@ static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
 	show(buffer);
 }
 
-static int show_file(const char *arg)
+static int show_file(const char *arg, int output_prefix)
 {
 	show_default();
 	if ((filter & (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) == (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) {
-		show(arg);
+		if (output_prefix) {
+			const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+			show(prefix_filename(prefix,
+					     prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					     arg));
+		} else
+			show(arg);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -340,9 +346,9 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		NULL
 	};
 	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
 					N_("keep the `--` passed as an arg")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
 					N_("stop parsing after the "
 					   "first non-option argument")),
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -470,6 +476,7 @@ N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, revs_count = 0, type = 0;
+	int output_prefix = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *name = NULL;
 
@@ -479,21 +486,6 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--sq-quote", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_sq_quote(argc - 2, argv + 2);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("--local-env-vars", argv[1])) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
-			printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc > 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--resolve-git-dir")) {
-		const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[2]);
-		if (!gitdir)
-			die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[2]);
-		puts(gitdir);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
 		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
 
@@ -503,7 +495,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (as_is) {
-			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
+			if (show_file(arg, output_prefix) && as_is < 2)
 				verify_filename(prefix, arg, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -527,7 +519,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				as_is = 2;
 				/* Pass on the "--" if we show anything but files.. */
 				if (filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
-					show_file(arg);
+					show_file(arg, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
@@ -535,6 +527,13 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				i++;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--prefix")) {
+				prefix = argv[i+1];
+				startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+				output_prefix = 1;
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--revs-only")) {
 				filter &= ~DO_NOREV;
 				continue;
@@ -647,6 +646,12 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--local-env-vars")) {
+				int i;
+				for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
+					printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-toplevel")) {
 				const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
 				if (work_tree)
@@ -697,6 +702,13 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				printf("%s%s.git\n", cwd, len && cwd[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--resolve-git-dir")) {
+				const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[i+1]);
+				if (!gitdir)
+					die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[i+1]);
+				puts(gitdir);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-git-dir")) {
 				printf("%s\n", is_inside_git_dir() ? "true"
 						: "false");
@@ -754,7 +766,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (verify)
 			die_no_single_rev(quiet);
 		as_is = 1;
-		if (!show_file(arg))
+		if (!show_file(arg, output_prefix))
 			continue;
 		verify_filename(prefix, arg, 1);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index c5e36b94c0..52c35e75d9 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
  */
 
 static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
-	N_("git revert [options] <commit-ish>"),
+	N_("git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."),
 	N_("git revert <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
-	N_("git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"),
+	N_("git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."),
 	N_("git cherry-pick <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static int option_parse_x(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 {
 	const char *this_opt;
@@ -70,43 +71,19 @@ static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"), me, this_opt, base_opt);
 }
 
-static void verify_opt_mutually_compatible(const char *me, ...)
-{
-	const char *opt1, *opt2 = NULL;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, me);
-	while ((opt1 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-		if (va_arg(ap, int))
-			break;
-	}
-	if (opt1) {
-		while ((opt2 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-			if (va_arg(ap, int))
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	va_end(ap);
-
-	if (opt1 && opt2)
-		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"),	me, opt1, opt2);
-}
-
 static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	const char * const * usage_str = revert_or_cherry_pick_usage(opts);
 	const char *me = action_name(opts);
-	int remove_state = 0;
-	int contin = 0;
-	int rollback = 0;
+	int cmd = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "quit", &cmd, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'q'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "continue", &cmd, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'c'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "abort", &cmd, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'a'),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG('r', NULL),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
 		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, N_("parent number")),
 		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&opts->allow_rerere_auto),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, N_("strategy"), N_("merge strategy")),
@@ -122,11 +99,11 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK) {
 		struct option cp_extra[] = {
-			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
 			OPT_END(),
 		};
 		if (parse_options_concat(options, ARRAY_SIZE(options), cp_extra))
@@ -137,23 +114,16 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 |
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 
-	/* Check for incompatible subcommands */
-	verify_opt_mutually_compatible(me,
-				"--quit", remove_state,
-				"--continue", contin,
-				"--abort", rollback,
-				NULL);
-
 	/* implies allow_empty */
 	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
 		opts->allow_empty = 1;
 
 	/* Set the subcommand */
-	if (remove_state)
+	if (cmd == 'q')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE;
-	else if (contin)
+	else if (cmd == 'c')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_CONTINUE;
-	else if (rollback)
+	else if (cmd == 'a')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_ROLLBACK;
 	else
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_NONE;
@@ -232,6 +202,8 @@ int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.action = REPLAY_PICK;
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-"))
+		argv[1] = "@{-1}";
 	parse_args(argc, argv, &opts);
 	res = sequencer_pick_revisions(&opts);
 	if (res < 0)
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index dabfcf6890..9b59ab3a64 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
 	N_("git rm [options] [--] <file>..."),
@@ -36,15 +38,52 @@ static int get_ours_cache_pos(const char *path, int pos)
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static void print_error_files(struct string_list *files_list,
+			      const char *main_msg,
+			      const char *hints_msg,
+			      int *errs)
+{
+	if (files_list->nr) {
+		int i;
+		struct strbuf err_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, main_msg);
+		for (i = 0; i < files_list->nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(&err_msg,
+				    "\n    %s",
+				    files_list->items[i].string);
+		if (advice_rm_hints)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, hints_msg);
+		*errs = error("%s", err_msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err_msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void error_removing_concrete_submodules(struct string_list *files, int *errs)
+{
+	print_error_files(files,
+			  Q_("the following submodule (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "uses a .git directory:",
+			     "the following submodules (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "use a .git directory:", files->nr),
+			  _("\n(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+			    "it including all of its history)"),
+			  errs);
+	string_list_clear(files, 0);
+}
+
 static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		int pos;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		struct stat st;
 
 		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
@@ -61,12 +100,11 @@ static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
 			continue;
 
 		if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
-			errs = error(_("submodule '%s' (or one of its nested "
-				     "submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
-				     "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
-				     "it including all of its history)"), name);
+			string_list_append(&files, name);
 	}
 
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files, &errs);
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -81,12 +119,16 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 	 */
 	int i, no_head;
 	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files_staged = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_cached = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_submodule = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_local = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	no_head = is_null_sha1(head);
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 		struct stat st;
 		int pos;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		unsigned mode;
@@ -110,7 +152,7 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
 			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
 			continue;
@@ -171,29 +213,50 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 		 */
 		if (local_changes && staged_changes) {
 			if (!index_only || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has staged content different "
-					     "from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-					     "(use -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_staged, name);
 		}
 		else if (!index_only) {
 			if (staged_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_cached, name);
 			if (local_changes) {
 				if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
-				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name)) {
-					errs = error(_("submodule '%s' (or one of its nested "
-						     "submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
-						     "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
-						     "it including all of its history)"), name);
-				} else
-					errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
-						     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-						     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+					string_list_append(&files_submodule, name);
+				else
+					string_list_append(&files_local, name);
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	print_error_files(&files_staged,
+			  Q_("the following file has staged content different "
+			     "from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     "the following files have staged content different"
+			     " from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     files_staged.nr),
+			  _("\n(use -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_staged, 0);
+	print_error_files(&files_cached,
+			  Q_("the following file has changes "
+			     "staged in the index:",
+			     "the following files have changes "
+			     "staged in the index:", files_cached.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_cached, 0);
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files_submodule, &errs);
+
+	print_error_files(&files_local,
+			  Q_("the following file has local modifications:",
+			     "the following files have local modifications:",
+			     files_local.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_local, 0);
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -205,10 +268,10 @@ static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
 	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not list removed files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("override the up-to-date check")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
+	OPT_BOOL('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
 				N_("exit with a zero status even if nothing matched")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
@@ -216,9 +279,10 @@ static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
 int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *seen;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_rm_options,
@@ -249,31 +313,32 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD, prefix, argv);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
-	seen = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] ; i++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			continue;
 		ALLOC_GROW(list.entry, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
 		list.entry[list.nr].name = ce->name;
-		list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
+		list.entry[list.nr].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
+		if (list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule &&
+		    !is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+			die (_("Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char *match;
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
+		const char *original;
 		int seen_any = 0;
-		for (i = 0; (match = pathspec[i]) != NULL ; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			original = pathspec.items[i].original;
 			if (!seen[i]) {
 				if (!ignore_unmatch) {
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    match);
+					    original);
 				}
 			}
 			else {
@@ -281,10 +346,10 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!recursive && seen[i] == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY)
 				die(_("not removing '%s' recursively without -r"),
-				    *match ? match : ".");
+				    *original ? original : ".");
 		}
 
-		if (! seen_any)
+		if (!seen_any)
 			exit(0);
 	}
 
@@ -334,13 +399,15 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * in the middle)
 	 */
 	if (!index_only) {
-		int removed = 0;
+		int removed = 0, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 			const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
 			if (list.entry[i].is_submodule) {
 				if (is_empty_dir(path)) {
 					if (!rmdir(path)) {
 						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
 						continue;
 					}
 				} else {
@@ -348,9 +415,14 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
 					if (!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0)) {
 						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
 						strbuf_release(&buf);
 						continue;
-					}
+					} else if (!file_exists(path))
+						/* Submodule was removed by user */
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
 					strbuf_release(&buf);
 					/* Fallthrough and let remove_path() fail. */
 				}
@@ -362,6 +434,8 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!removed)
 				die_errno("git rm: '%s'", path);
 		}
+		if (gitmodules_modified)
+			stage_updated_gitmodules();
 	}
 
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index d34201372d..4482f16efb 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -44,6 +45,26 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "stale info";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "already exists";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 			res = "error";
@@ -64,7 +85,7 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
@@ -85,8 +106,9 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int send_all = 0;
 	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
 	int flags;
-	int nonfastforward = 0;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 	int progress = -1;
+	struct push_cas_option cas = {0};
 
 	argv++;
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
@@ -149,6 +171,22 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				helper_status = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 1) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=")) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas,
+							  strchr(arg, '=') + 1, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
 			usage(send_pack_usage);
 		}
 		if (!dest) {
@@ -192,7 +230,7 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
 
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
 
 	transport_verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
 
@@ -209,6 +247,9 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs, nr_refspecs, refspecs, flags))
 		return -1;
 
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas))
+		apply_push_cas(&cas, remote, remote_refs);
+
 	set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs, args.send_mirror,
 		args.force_update);
 
@@ -223,7 +264,7 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
 
 	if (!helper_status)
-		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &nonfastforward);
+		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &reject_reasons);
 
 	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
 		struct ref *ref;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index b316cf37ca..c226f767aa 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
-	N_("git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"),
-	"",
-	N_("[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"),
+	N_("git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -36,52 +34,28 @@ static void insert_one_record(struct shortlog *log,
 	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
 	char *buffer, *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
-	char namebuf[1024];
-	char emailbuf[1024];
-	size_t len;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	const char *eol;
-	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf namemailbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 
-	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
-	if (!boemail)
-		return;
-	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, author, strlen(author)))
 		return;
 
-	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
-	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
-	len = boemail - author;
-	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	namebuf[len] = 0;
-
-	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
-	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
-	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
-
-	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
-		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
-			author++;
-		for (len = 0;
-		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
-		     len++)
-			namebuf[len] = author[len];
-		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		namebuf[len] = '\0';
-	}
-	else
-		len = strlen(namebuf);
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
 
-	if (log->email) {
-		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
-		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
-		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
-	}
+	map_user(&log->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+	strbuf_add(&namemailbuf, namebuf, namelen);
 
-	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namebuf);
+	if (log->email)
+		strbuf_addf(&namemailbuf, " <%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namemailbuf.buf);
 	if (item->util == NULL)
 		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 
@@ -153,9 +127,11 @@ void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
 			author = buffer + 7;
 		buffer = eol;
 	}
-	if (!author)
-		die(_("Missing author: %s"),
+	if (!author) {
+		warning(_("Missing author: %s"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		return;
+	}
 	if (log->user_format) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.fmt = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
@@ -163,6 +139,7 @@ void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
 		ctx.subject = "";
 		ctx.after_subject = "";
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &ufbuf);
 		buffer = ufbuf.buf;
 	} else if (*buffer) {
@@ -249,12 +226,12 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
-			    N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
-			    N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
-			    N_("Show the email address of each author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
+			 N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "summary", &log.summary,
+			 N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "email", &log.email,
+			 N_("Show the email address of each author")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, N_("w[,i1[,i2]]"),
 			N_("Linewrap output"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -306,9 +283,8 @@ parse_done:
 static void add_wrapped_shortlog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 				     const struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	int col = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
-	if (col != log->wrap)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
 void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index d208fd6c68..001f29ca1b 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -162,29 +162,28 @@ static void name_commits(struct commit_list *list,
 			nth = 0;
 			while (parents) {
 				struct commit *p = parents->item;
-				char newname[1000], *en;
+				struct strbuf newname = STRBUF_INIT;
 				parents = parents->next;
 				nth++;
 				if (p->util)
 					continue;
-				en = newname;
 				switch (n->generation) {
 				case 0:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addstr(&newname, n->head_name);
 					break;
 				case 1:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s^", n->head_name);
 					break;
 				default:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
-						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s~%d",
+						    n->head_name, n->generation);
 					break;
 				}
 				if (nth == 1)
-					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+					strbuf_addch(&newname, '^');
 				else
-					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
-				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, strbuf_detach(&newname, NULL), 0);
 				i++;
 				name_first_parent_chain(p);
 			}
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
 	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
 	int all_mask, all_revs;
-	int lifo = 1;
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	char head[128];
 	const char *head_p;
 	int head_len;
@@ -647,34 +646,36 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int dense = 1;
 	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
 	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
-			    N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
-			    N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_heads,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
 			    N_("color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch")),
 		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, N_("n"),
 			    N_("show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, N_("synonym to more=-1"), -1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
-			    N_("include the current branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
-			    N_("name commits with their object names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
-			    N_("show possible merge bases")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
+			 N_("include the current branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
+			 N_("name commits with their object names")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
+			 N_("show possible merge bases")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &independent,
 			    N_("show refs unreachable from any other ref")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
-			    N_("show commits in topological order")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
-			    N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "topo-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("show commits in topological order"),
+			    REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "topics", &topics,
+			 N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
 			    N_("show merges reachable from only one tip"), 0),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
-			    N_("show commits where no parent comes before its "
-			       "children"), 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("topologically sort, maintaining date order "
+			       "where possible"),
+			    REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
 			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
 			       "base"),
@@ -901,7 +902,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		exit(0);
 
 	/* Sort topologically */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, sort_order);
 
 	/* Give names to commits */
 	if (!sha1_name && !no_name)
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 8d9b76a02f..9f3f5e370b 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, vo
 	const char *hex;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
+	if (show_head && !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		goto match;
+
 	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
 		int match;
 
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag
  */
 static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
 {
-	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
 
@@ -162,15 +165,15 @@ static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 }
 
 static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
 		    "requires exact ref path")),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
-	  N_("show the HEAD reference"),
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, N_("show the HEAD reference")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL('h', NULL, &show_head,
+			N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "head", &show_head,
+	  N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
 		    N_("dereference tags into object IDs")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, N_("n"),
 	  N_("only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"),
diff --git a/builtin/stripspace.c b/builtin/stripspace.c
index f16986c0ae..1259ed708b 100644
--- a/builtin/stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin/stripspace.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ static size_t cleanup(char *line, size_t len)
  *
  * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
  *
- * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with comment
+ * character.
  */
 void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
 		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
 
-		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == comment_line_char) {
 			newlen = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,21 +67,53 @@ void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
 }
 
+static void comment_lines(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *msg;
+	size_t len;
+
+	msg = strbuf_detach(buf, &len);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(buf, msg, len);
+	free(msg);
+}
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input\n"
+"  git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines] < input";
+
 int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int strip_comments = 0;
+	enum { INVAL = 0, STRIP_SPACE = 1, COMMENT_LINES = 2 } mode = STRIP_SPACE;
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
+		    !strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")) {
+			strip_comments = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") ||
+			   !strcmp(argv[1], "--comment-lines")) {
+			mode = COMMENT_LINES;
+		} else {
+			mode = INVAL;
+		}
+	} else if (argc > 1) {
+		mode = INVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (mode == INVAL)
+		usage(usage_msg);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
-				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
-		strip_comments = 1;
-	else if (argc > 1)
-		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input");
+	if (strip_comments || mode == COMMENT_LINES)
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read the input");
 
-	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	if (mode == STRIP_SPACE)
+		stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	else
+		comment_lines(&buf);
 
 	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 9c3e0673d5..ea55f1d1bd 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -246,19 +246,13 @@ static int do_sign(struct strbuf *buffer)
 }
 
 static const char tag_template[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n");
 
 static const char tag_template_nocleanup[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-	" yourself if you want to.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+	" yourself if you want to.\n");
 
 static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -346,14 +340,18 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 		if (fd < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
 
-		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev)) {
 			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
-		else if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template),
-					strlen(_(tag_template)));
-		else
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template_nocleanup),
-					strlen(_(tag_template_nocleanup)));
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+			if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template), comment_line_char);
+			else
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template_nocleanup), comment_line_char);
+			write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
 		close(fd);
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
@@ -438,26 +436,26 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct create_tag_options opt;
 	char *cleanup_arg = NULL;
-	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1, list = 0,
-		delete = 0, verify = 0;
+	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1;
+	int cmdmode = 0;
 	const char *msgfile = NULL, *keyid = NULL;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, N_("list tag names")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list tag names"), 'l'),
 		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, N_("n"),
 				N_("print <n> lines of each tag message"),
 				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, N_("verify tags")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete tags"), 'd'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('v', "verify", &cmdmode, N_("verify tags"), 'v'),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "annotate", &annotate,
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "annotate", &annotate,
 					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
 			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
 		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("mode"),
 			N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
 		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, N_("key id"),
@@ -491,22 +489,19 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	if (opt.sign)
 		annotate = 1;
-	if (argc == 0 && !(delete || verify))
-		list = 1;
+	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = 'l';
 
-	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) &&
-	    (list || delete || verify))
+	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) && (cmdmode != 0))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 
-	if (list + delete + verify > 1)
-		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
-	if (list && lines != -1) {
+	if (cmdmode == 'l' && lines != -1) {
 		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
 			die(_("--column and -n are incompatible"));
 		colopts = 0;
 	}
-	if (list) {
+	if (cmdmode == 'l') {
 		int ret;
 		if (column_active(colopts)) {
 			struct column_options copts;
@@ -525,9 +520,9 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("--contains option is only allowed with -l."));
 	if (points_at.nr)
 		die(_("--points-at option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (delete)
+	if (cmdmode == 'd')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag);
-	if (verify)
+	if (cmdmode == 'v')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, verify_tag);
 
 	if (msg.given || msgfile) {
@@ -579,12 +574,12 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (annotate)
 		create_tag(object, tag, &buf, &opt, prev, object);
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		die(_("%s: cannot lock the ref"), ref.buf);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
 		die(_("%s: cannot update the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+	if (force && !is_null_sha1(prev) && hashcmp(prev, object))
 		printf(_("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"), tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/tar-tree.c b/builtin/tar-tree.c
index 3f1e7012db..ba3ffe69a9 100644
--- a/builtin/tar-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/tar-tree.c
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * $0 tree-ish basedir ==>
 	 * 	git archive --format-tar --prefix=basedir tree-ish
 	 */
-	int i;
 	const char **nargv = xcalloc(sizeof(*nargv), argc + 3);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *basedir_arg;
 	int nargc = 0;
 
@@ -65,11 +65,10 @@ int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	fprintf(stderr,
 		"*** \"git tar-tree\" is now deprecated.\n"
 		"*** Running \"git archive\" instead.\n***");
-	for (i = 0; i < nargc; i++) {
-		fputc(' ', stderr);
-		sq_quote_print(stderr, nargv[i]);
-	}
-	fputc('\n', stderr);
+	sq_quote_argv(&sb, nargv, 0);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+	fputs(sb.buf, stderr);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return cmd_archive(nargc, nargv, prefix);
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index ada1dff846..e3a10d706d 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ static int process_lstat_error(const char *path, int err)
 	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int option, size;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 
 	/* Exact match: file or existing gitlink */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 
 			/* Do nothing to the index if there is no HEAD! */
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 	/* Inexact match: is there perhaps a subdirectory match? */
 	pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
 			break;
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, len;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		/* already merged */
 		pos = unmerge_cache_entry_at(pos);
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_stage(ce) &&
 			    ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen))
@@ -462,7 +463,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		 */
 		pos = -pos-1;
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen)) {
 				fprintf(stderr,
@@ -546,10 +547,11 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	 */
 	int pos;
 	int has_head = 1;
-	const char **paths = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, av + 1);
 
 	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 		has_head = 0;
  redo:
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		struct cache_entry *old = NULL;
 		int save_nr;
 
@@ -796,7 +798,7 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
+		usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 51d2684859..702e90db2a 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -2,23 +2,261 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
 	N_("git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"),
 	N_("git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static int updates_alloc;
+static int updates_count;
+static const struct ref_update **updates;
+
+static char line_termination = '\n';
+static int update_flags;
+
+static struct ref_update *update_alloc(void)
+{
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	/* Allocate and zero-init a struct ref_update */
+	update = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*update));
+	ALLOC_GROW(updates, updates_count + 1, updates_alloc);
+	updates[updates_count++] = update;
+
+	/* Store and reset accumulated options */
+	update->flags = update_flags;
+	update_flags = 0;
+
+	return update;
+}
+
+static void update_store_ref_name(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *ref_name)
+{
+	if (check_refname_format(ref_name, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("invalid ref format: %s", ref_name);
+	update->ref_name = xstrdup(ref_name);
+}
+
+static void update_store_new_sha1(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *newvalue)
+{
+	if (*newvalue && get_sha1(newvalue, update->new_sha1))
+		die("invalid new value for ref %s: %s",
+		    update->ref_name, newvalue);
+}
+
+static void update_store_old_sha1(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *oldvalue)
+{
+	if (*oldvalue && get_sha1(oldvalue, update->old_sha1))
+		die("invalid old value for ref %s: %s",
+		    update->ref_name, oldvalue);
+
+	/* We have an old value if non-empty, or if empty without -z */
+	update->have_old = *oldvalue || line_termination;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse SP-terminated, possibly C-quoted argument */
+	if (*next != '"')
+		while (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			strbuf_addch(arg, *next++);
+	else if (unquote_c_style(arg, next, &next))
+		die("badly quoted argument: %s", next);
+
+	/* Return position after the argument */
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_first_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse argument immediately after "command SP" */
+	strbuf_reset(arg);
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, use the next argument */
+		next = parse_arg(next, arg);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, use rest of first NUL-terminated line */
+		strbuf_addstr(arg, next);
+		next = next + arg->len;
+	}
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_next_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse next SP-terminated or NUL-terminated argument, if any */
+	strbuf_reset(arg);
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, consume SP and use next argument */
+		if (!*next)
+			return NULL;
+		if (*next != ' ')
+			die("expected SP but got: %s", next);
+		next = parse_arg(next + 1, arg);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, read the next NUL-terminated line */
+		if (*next)
+			die("expected NUL but got: %s", next);
+		if (strbuf_getline(arg, stdin, '\0') == EOF)
+			return NULL;
+		next = arg->buf + arg->len;
+	}
+	return next;
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_update(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf newvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oldvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("update line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &newvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, newvalue.buf);
+	else
+		die("update %s missing <newvalue>", ref.buf);
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &oldvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, oldvalue.buf);
+	else if(!line_termination)
+		die("update %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("update %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_create(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf newvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("create line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &newvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, newvalue.buf);
+	else
+		die("create %s missing <newvalue>", ref.buf);
+	if (is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1))
+		die("create %s given zero new value", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("create %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_delete(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oldvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("delete line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &oldvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, oldvalue.buf);
+	else if(!line_termination)
+		die("delete %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+	if (update->have_old && is_null_sha1(update->old_sha1))
+		die("delete %s given zero old value", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("delete %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_verify(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf value = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("verify line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &value)) != NULL) {
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, value.buf);
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, value.buf);
+	} else if(!line_termination)
+		die("verify %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("verify %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_option(const char *next)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(next, "no-deref"))
+		update_flags |= REF_NODEREF;
+	else
+		die("option unknown: %s", next);
+}
+
+static void update_refs_stdin(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Read each line dispatch its command */
+	while (strbuf_getline(&cmd, stdin, line_termination) != EOF)
+		if (!cmd.buf[0])
+			die("empty command in input");
+		else if (isspace(*cmd.buf))
+			die("whitespace before command: %s", cmd.buf);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "update "))
+			parse_cmd_update(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "create "))
+			parse_cmd_create(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "delete "))
+			parse_cmd_delete(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "verify "))
+			parse_cmd_verify(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "option "))
+			parse_cmd_option(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", cmd.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+}
+
 int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *refname, *oldval, *msg = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
-	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
+	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, read_stdin = 0, end_null = 0, flags = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
 					N_("update <refname> not the one it points to")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &end_null, N_("stdin has NUL-terminated arguments")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin", &read_stdin, N_("read updates from stdin")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -28,6 +266,18 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message.");
 
+	if (read_stdin) {
+		if (delete || no_deref || argc > 0)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		if (end_null)
+			line_termination = '\0';
+		update_refs_stdin();
+		return update_refs(msg, updates, updates_count, DIE_ON_ERR);
+	}
+
+	if (end_null)
+		usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+
 	if (delete) {
 		if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
 			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index b928beb8ed..af2da35e7d 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -18,51 +19,31 @@ static const char deadchild[] =
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
-	char *p, buf[4096];
-	int sent_argc;
-	int len;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(upload_archive_usage);
 
-	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
-		die("insanely long repository name");
-
-	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
-
-	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	sent_argc = 1;
-	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
-	for (p = buf;;) {
-		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
-		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
-		if (len == 0)
+	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	for (;;) {
+		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
-			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
-		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
-			p[--len] = 0;
-		}
-		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
-		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+		if (prefixcmp(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-
-		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
-		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
-		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
-		p += len;
-		*p++ = 0;
+		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
-	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index a8eee886a5..9cdf332333 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static int run_gpg_verify(const char *buf, unsigned long size, int verbose)
 	if (size == len)
 		return error("no signature found");
 
-	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL);
+	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.c b/bulk-checkin.c
index 6b0b6d4904..118c62528b 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.c
+++ b/bulk-checkin.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static int stream_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 
 		if (size && !s.avail_in) {
 			ssize_t rsize = size < sizeof(ibuf) ? size : sizeof(ibuf);
-			if (xread(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
+			if (read_in_full(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
 				die("failed to read %d bytes from '%s'",
 				    (int)rsize, path);
 			offset += rsize;
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 8d12816b9d..3d64311373 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 		 * followed by SP and subject line.
 		 */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) ||
-		    (40 <= buf.len && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
+		    (buf.len > 40 && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
 		    (!is_prereq && buf.len <= 40)) {
 			if (report_path)
 				error(_("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"),
@@ -183,17 +183,17 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 		struct ref_list *r;
 
 		r = &header->references;
-		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains %d ref",
-			     "The bundle contains %d refs",
+		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains this ref:",
+			     "The bundle contains these %d refs:",
 			     r->nr),
 			  r->nr);
 		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		r = &header->prerequisites;
 		if (!r->nr) {
 			printf_ln(_("The bundle records a complete history."));
 		} else {
-			r = &header->prerequisites;
-			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref",
-				     "The bundle requires these %d refs",
+			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref:",
+				     "The bundle requires these %d refs:",
 				     r->nr),
 				  r->nr);
 			list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
@@ -279,12 +279,12 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		if (buf.len > 0 && buf.buf[0] == '-') {
 			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 			if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf + 1, sha1)) {
-				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+				struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, object, xstrdup(buf.buf));
+				add_pending_object(&revs, object, buf.buf);
 			}
 		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 			object->flags |= SHOWN;
 		}
 	}
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
 				 * error.
 				 */
-				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, e->name);
 				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
 				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
 			}
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 28ed6574a2..0bbec43216 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 		cache_tree_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
 }
 
-static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
+static int verify_cache(const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 			int entries, int flags)
 {
 	int i, funny;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
 	/* Verify that the tree is merged */
 	funny = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			if (silent)
 				return -1;
@@ -166,12 +166,8 @@ static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
 				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ce_stage(ce))
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
-					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
-					ce->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+				ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 		}
 	}
 	if (funny)
@@ -238,17 +234,21 @@ int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *it)
 }
 
 static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 		      int entries,
 		      const char *base,
 		      int baselen,
+		      int *skip_count,
 		      int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer;
 	int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
 	int dryrun = flags & WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN;
+	int to_invalidate = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	*skip_count = 0;
+
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 
@@ -263,11 +263,12 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	/*
 	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
-		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt, subskip;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -275,8 +276,10 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			break; /* at the end of this level */
 
 		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
-		if (!slash)
+		if (!slash) {
+			i++;
 			continue;
+		}
 		/*
 		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
 		 * ==>
@@ -290,10 +293,13 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 				    cache + i, entries - i,
 				    path,
 				    baselen + sublen + 1,
+				    &subskip,
 				    flags);
 		if (subcnt < 0)
 			return subcnt;
-		i += subcnt - 1;
+		i += subcnt;
+		sub->count = subcnt; /* to be used in the next loop */
+		*skip_count += subskip;
 		sub->used = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -304,8 +310,9 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
 		int pathlen, entlen;
@@ -324,14 +331,17 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			if (!sub)
 				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
 				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
-			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			i += sub->count;
 			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
 			mode = S_IFDIR;
+			if (sub->cache_tree->entry_count < 0)
+				to_invalidate = 1;
 		}
 		else {
 			sha1 = ce->sha1;
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+			i++;
 		}
 		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
 			strbuf_release(&buffer);
@@ -339,8 +349,25 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
 		}
 
-		if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_REMOVE | CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-			continue; /* entry being removed or placeholder */
+		/*
+		 * CE_REMOVE entries are removed before the index is
+		 * written to disk. Skip them to remain consistent
+		 * with the future on-disk index.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			*skip_count = *skip_count + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * CE_INTENT_TO_ADD entries exist on on-disk index but
+		 * they are not part of generated trees. Invalidate up
+		 * to root to force cache-tree users to read elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD) {
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
@@ -360,7 +387,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	it->entry_count = i;
+	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
 #if DEBUG
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -370,15 +397,15 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 }
 
 int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 		      int entries,
 		      int flags)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, skip;
 	i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
 	if (i)
 		return i;
-	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, flags);
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (i < 0)
 		return i;
 	return 0;
@@ -572,8 +599,8 @@ int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
 	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree);
 	if (!was_valid) {
 		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-				      active_cache, active_nr,
-				      flags) < 0)
+				      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+				      active_nr, flags) < 0)
 			return WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX;
 		if (0 <= newfd) {
 			if (!write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) &&
@@ -674,5 +701,6 @@ int update_main_cache_tree(int flags)
 	if (!the_index.cache_tree)
 		the_index.cache_tree = cache_tree();
 	return cache_tree_update(the_index.cache_tree,
-				 the_index.cache, the_index.cache_nr, flags);
+				 (const struct cache_entry * const *)the_index.cache,
+				 the_index.cache_nr, flags);
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
index d8cb2e9e39..f1923ad1e9 100644
--- a/cache-tree.h
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct cache_tree;
 struct cache_tree_sub {
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int count;		/* internally used by update_one() */
 	int namelen;
 	int used;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ void cache_tree_write(struct strbuf *, struct cache_tree *root);
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *);
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, struct cache_entry **, int, int);
+int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, const struct cache_entry * const *, int, int);
 
 int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 18fdd18f36..51d6602cd9 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ int git_inflate(git_zstream *, int flush);
 
 void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *, int level);
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_end(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
@@ -100,9 +101,9 @@ unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
 
 #define CACHE_SIGNATURE 0x44495243	/* "DIRC" */
 struct cache_header {
-	unsigned int hdr_signature;
-	unsigned int hdr_version;
-	unsigned int hdr_entries;
+	uint32_t hdr_signature;
+	uint32_t hdr_version;
+	uint32_t hdr_entries;
 };
 
 #define INDEX_FORMAT_LB 2
@@ -114,24 +115,27 @@ struct cache_header {
  * check it for equality in the 32 bits we save.
  */
 struct cache_time {
-	unsigned int sec;
-	unsigned int nsec;
+	uint32_t sec;
+	uint32_t nsec;
+};
+
+struct stat_data {
+	struct cache_time sd_ctime;
+	struct cache_time sd_mtime;
+	unsigned int sd_dev;
+	unsigned int sd_ino;
+	unsigned int sd_uid;
+	unsigned int sd_gid;
+	unsigned int sd_size;
 };
 
 struct cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ce_ctime;
-	struct cache_time ce_mtime;
-	unsigned int ce_dev;
-	unsigned int ce_ino;
+	struct stat_data ce_stat_data;
 	unsigned int ce_mode;
-	unsigned int ce_uid;
-	unsigned int ce_gid;
-	unsigned int ce_size;
 	unsigned int ce_flags;
 	unsigned int ce_namelen;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct cache_entry *next;
-	struct cache_entry *dir_next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -162,6 +166,9 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
 #define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
+/* used to temporarily mark paths matched by pathspecs */
+#define CE_MATCHED           (1 << 26)
+
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
@@ -182,12 +189,15 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #error "CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS out of range"
 #endif
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 /*
  * Copy the sha1 and stat state of a cache entry from one to
  * another. But we never change the name, or the hash state!
  */
 #define CE_STATE_MASK (CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED)
-static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst, struct cache_entry *src)
+static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst,
+				    const struct cache_entry *src)
 {
 	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK;
 
@@ -219,7 +229,8 @@ static inline unsigned int create_ce_mode(unsigned int mode)
 		return S_IFGITLINK;
 	return S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode);
 }
-static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned int mode)
+static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					     unsigned int mode)
 {
 	extern int trust_executable_bit, has_symlinks;
 	if (!has_symlinks && S_ISREG(mode) &&
@@ -267,25 +278,15 @@ struct index_state {
 	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
 		 initialized : 1;
 	struct hash_table name_hash;
+	struct hash_table dir_hash;
 };
 
 extern struct index_state the_index;
 
 /* Name hashing */
 extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
-/*
- * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
- * we won't find it in lookups.
- *
- * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
- * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
- * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
- * it.
- */
-static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
-}
+extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
 #define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#define read_blob_data_from_cache(path, sz) read_blob_data_from_index(&the_index, (path), (sz))
 #endif
 
 enum object_type {
@@ -341,9 +343,11 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 		OBJ_BLOB;
 }
 
+/* Double-check local_repo_env below if you add to this list. */
 #define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
 #define GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NAMESPACE"
 #define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_PREFIX"
 #define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
 #define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -362,15 +366,30 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE"
+#define GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS"
+
+/*
+ * This environment variable is expected to contain a boolean indicating
+ * whether we should or should not treat:
+ *
+ *   GIT_DIR=foo.git git ...
+ *
+ * as if GIT_WORK_TREE=. was given. It's not expected that users will make use
+ * of this, but we use it internally to communicate to sub-processes that we
+ * are in a bare repo. If not set, defaults to true.
+ */
+#define GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE"
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * The array is NULL-terminated to simplify its usage in contexts such
- * environment creation or simple walk of the list.
- * The number of non-NULL entries is available as a macro.
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; these will be cleared
+ * when git spawns a sub-process that runs inside another repository.
+ * The array is NULL-terminated, which makes it easy to pass in the "env"
+ * parameter of a run-command invocation, or to do a simple walk.
  */
-#define LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE 9
-extern const char *const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1];
+extern const char * const local_repo_env[];
 
 extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
 extern int is_bare_repository(void);
@@ -398,6 +417,7 @@ extern void setup_work_tree(void);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
 extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, int *remaining, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
 extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
@@ -411,6 +431,8 @@ extern int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path);
 extern int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir, int);
 extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 
+extern void sanitize_stdfds(void);
+
 #define alloc_nr(x) (((x)+16)*3/2)
 
 /*
@@ -433,7 +455,7 @@ extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 
 /* Initialize and use the cache information */
 extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
-extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 extern int read_index_from(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 extern int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *);
 extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
@@ -458,11 +480,13 @@ extern int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS	4
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL 8
 #define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
+#define ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT 32	/* internal to "git add -u/-A" */
 extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
 extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
 extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
-extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
+extern int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b);
 extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+extern void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *, unsigned long *);
 
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
@@ -470,30 +494,30 @@ extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
 #define CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY		02
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_SKIP_WORKTREE is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE	04
-extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-
-struct pathspec {
-	const char **raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
-	int nr;
-	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
-	unsigned int recursive:1;
-	int max_depth;
-	struct pathspec_item {
-		const char *match;
-		int len;
-		unsigned int use_wildcard:1;
-	} *items;
-};
+extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 
-extern int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *, const char **);
-extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
 extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 #define HASH_WRITE_OBJECT 1
 #define HASH_FORMAT_CHECK 2
 extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags);
 extern int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * Record to sd the data from st that we use to check whether a file
+ * might have changed.
+ */
+extern void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if st is consistent with a file not having been changed
+ * since sd was filled.  If there are differences, return a
+ * combination of MTIME_CHANGED, CTIME_CHANGED, OWNER_CHANGED,
+ * INODE_CHANGED, and DATA_CHANGED.
+ */
+extern int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
 extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 
 #define REFRESH_REALLY		0x0001	/* ignore_valid */
@@ -502,7 +526,7 @@ extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING	0x0008	/* ignore non-existent */
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES	0x0010	/* ignore submodules */
 #define REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN	0x0020	/* user friendly output, not "needs update" */
-extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
+extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
 
 struct lock_file {
 	struct lock_file *next;
@@ -530,6 +554,7 @@ extern int delete_ref(const char *, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt);
 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int trust_executable_bit;
 extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int check_stat;
 extern int quote_path_fully;
 extern int has_symlinks;
 extern int minimum_abbrev, default_abbrev;
@@ -538,6 +563,7 @@ extern int assume_unchanged;
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
+extern int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 extern int shared_repository;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
@@ -556,6 +582,12 @@ extern int core_preload_index;
 extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 extern int precomposed_unicode;
 
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+extern char comment_line_char;
+
 enum branch_track {
 	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
 	BRANCH_TRACK_NEVER = 0,
@@ -700,8 +732,7 @@ enum sharedrepo {
 	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664
 };
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
-#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
 int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path);
@@ -714,10 +745,12 @@ static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
 }
 int is_directory(const char *);
 const char *real_path(const char *path);
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path);
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path);
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix, struct strbuf *sb);
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len);
 int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes);
 char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
 int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
 int offset_1st_component(const char *path);
@@ -750,9 +783,6 @@ extern int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep);
 /* global flag to enable extra checks when accessing packed objects */
 extern int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
-/* for development: log offset of pack access */
-extern const char *log_pack_access;
-
 extern int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, unsigned long size, const char *type);
 
 extern int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
@@ -850,7 +880,7 @@ extern char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, i
 
 extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
 extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
-extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, struct strbuf *);
+extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, int len, struct strbuf *);
 extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules);
@@ -888,6 +918,7 @@ void show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz, const struct timeval *now,
 			struct strbuf *timebuf);
 int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
 int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset);
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp);
 void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
 #define approxidate(s) approxidate_careful((s), NULL)
 unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *, int *);
@@ -994,51 +1025,11 @@ struct pack_entry {
 	struct packed_git *p;
 };
 
-struct ref {
-	struct ref *next;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
-	char *symref;
-	unsigned int force:1,
-		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		deletion:1;
-	enum {
-		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
-		REF_STATUS_OK,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
-		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
-		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
-		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
-	} status;
-	char *remote_status;
-	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
-#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
-#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
-
-extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
-
-#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
-extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
-extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
-extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
-struct extra_have_objects {
-	int nr, alloc;
-	unsigned char (*array)[20];
-};
-extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
-extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
-extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
-extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
-extern const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *len_ret);
-
 extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path);
 
+/* A hook for count-objects to report invalid files in pack directory */
+extern void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
 extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
@@ -1066,7 +1057,9 @@ extern int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_
 
 struct object_info {
 	/* Request */
+	enum object_type *typep;
 	unsigned long *sizep;
+	unsigned long *disk_sizep;
 
 	/* Response */
 	enum {
@@ -1110,14 +1103,19 @@ extern int update_server_info(int);
 typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name,
+			       const char *buf, size_t len, void *data);
 extern void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text);
 extern int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
 extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
 extern int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *,
-				   const char *filename, int respect_includes);
+				   const char *filename,
+				   const char *blob_ref,
+				   int respect_includes);
 extern int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *, const char *repo_config);
 extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
+extern int64_t git_config_int64(const char *, const char *);
 extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *, const char *, int *);
 extern int git_config_bool(const char *, const char *);
@@ -1136,6 +1134,9 @@ extern int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, v
 extern int git_env_bool(const char *, int);
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define config_error_nonbool(s) (config_error_nonbool(s), -1)
+#endif
 extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
 extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
 
@@ -1149,12 +1150,28 @@ struct config_include_data {
 #define CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT { 0 }
 extern int git_config_include(const char *name, const char *value, void *data);
 
+/*
+ * Match and parse a config key of the form:
+ *
+ *   section.(subsection.)?key
+ *
+ * (i.e., what gets handed to a config_fn_t). The caller provides the section;
+ * we return -1 if it does not match, 0 otherwise. The subsection and key
+ * out-parameters are filled by the function (and subsection is NULL if it is
+ * missing).
+ */
+extern int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+			    const char *section,
+			    const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+			    const char **key);
+
 extern int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 extern int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 
 extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
 extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 /* IO helper functions */
 extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
@@ -1214,7 +1231,7 @@ void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog);
  * return 0 if success, 1 - if addition of a file failed and
  * ADD_FILES_IGNORE_ERRORS was specified in flags
  */
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags);
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags);
 
 /* diff.c */
 extern int diff_auto_refresh_index;
@@ -1248,7 +1265,7 @@ extern int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
 #define ws_tab_width(rule)     ((rule) & WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK)
 
 /* ls-files */
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix);
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const struct pathspec *pathspec, const char *prefix);
 void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
 
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
@@ -1275,4 +1292,31 @@ int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from,
 
 int sane_execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
 
+/*
+ * A struct to encapsulate the concept of whether a file has changed
+ * since we last checked it. This uses criteria similar to those used
+ * for the index.
+ */
+struct stat_validity {
+	struct stat_data *sd;
+};
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv);
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the path is a regular file (or a symlink to a regular
+ * file) and matches the saved stat_validity, 0 otherwise.  A missing
+ * or inaccessible file is considered a match if the struct was just
+ * initialized, or if the previous update found an inaccessible file.
+ */
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Update the stat_validity from a file opened at descriptor fd. If
+ * the file is missing, inaccessible, or not a regular file, then
+ * future calls to stat_validity_check will match iff one of those
+ * conditions continues to be true.
+ */
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd);
+
 #endif /* CACHE_H */
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
index e8e26818b3..f672885b71 100644
--- a/color.c
+++ b/color.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 
-static int git_use_color_default = 0;
+static int git_use_color_default = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
 int color_stdout_is_tty = -1;
 
 /*
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index bb1cc96c4e..3b92c44880 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "revision.h"
 
 static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr, int n, int num_parent)
 {
@@ -73,16 +75,24 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 
 /* Lines lost from parent */
 struct lline {
-	struct lline *next;
+	struct lline *next, *prev;
 	int len;
 	unsigned long parent_map;
 	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+/* Lines lost from current parent (before coalescing) */
+struct plost {
+	struct lline *lost_head, *lost_tail;
+	int len;
+};
+
 /* Lines surviving in the merge result */
 struct sline {
-	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
-	struct lline *next_lost;
+	/* Accumulated and coalesced lost lines */
+	struct lline *lost;
+	int lenlost;
+	struct plost plost;
 	char *bol;
 	int len;
 	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
@@ -94,6 +104,172 @@ struct sline {
 	unsigned long *p_lno;
 };
 
+static int match_string_spaces(const char *line1, int len1,
+			       const char *line2, int len2,
+			       long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS) {
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE)))
+		return (len1 == len2 && !memcmp(line1, line2, len1));
+
+	while (len1 > 0 && len2 > 0) {
+		len1--;
+		len2--;
+		if (XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])) {
+			if ((flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) &&
+			    (!XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || !XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])))
+				return 0;
+
+			for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]); len1--);
+			for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2]); len2--);
+		}
+		if (line1[len1] != line2[len2])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		/* Consume remaining spaces */
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	/* We matched full line1 and line2 */
+	if (!len1 && !len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum coalesce_direction { MATCH, BASE, NEW };
+
+/* Coalesce new lines into base by finding LCS */
+static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
+				    struct lline *new, int lennew,
+				    unsigned long parent, long flags)
+{
+	int **lcs;
+	enum coalesce_direction **directions;
+	struct lline *baseend, *newend = NULL;
+	int i, j, origbaselen = *lenbase;
+
+	if (new == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	if (base == NULL) {
+		*lenbase = lennew;
+		return new;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Coalesce new lines into base by finding the LCS
+	 * - Create the table to run dynamic programming
+	 * - Compute the LCS
+	 * - Then reverse read the direction structure:
+	 *   - If we have MATCH, assign parent to base flag, and consume
+	 *   both baseend and newend
+	 *   - Else if we have BASE, consume baseend
+	 *   - Else if we have NEW, insert newend lline into base and
+	 *   consume newend
+	 */
+	lcs = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(int*));
+	directions = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction*));
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		lcs[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(int));
+		directions[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction));
+		directions[i][0] = BASE;
+	}
+	for (j = 1; j < lennew + 1; j++)
+		directions[0][j] = NEW;
+
+	for (i = 1, baseend = base; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		for (j = 1, newend = new; j < lennew + 1; j++) {
+			if (match_string_spaces(baseend->line, baseend->len,
+						newend->line, newend->len, flags)) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+				directions[i][j] = MATCH;
+			} else if (lcs[i][j - 1] >= lcs[i - 1][j]) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i][j - 1];
+				directions[i][j] = NEW;
+			} else {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j];
+				directions[i][j] = BASE;
+			}
+			if (newend->next)
+				newend = newend->next;
+		}
+		if (baseend->next)
+			baseend = baseend->next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(lcs[i]);
+	free(lcs);
+
+	/* At this point, baseend and newend point to the end of each lists */
+	i--;
+	j--;
+	while (i != 0 || j != 0) {
+		if (directions[i][j] == MATCH) {
+			baseend->parent_map |= 1<<parent;
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			newend = newend->prev;
+			i--;
+			j--;
+		} else if (directions[i][j] == NEW) {
+			struct lline *lline;
+
+			lline = newend;
+			/* Remove lline from new list and update newend */
+			if (lline->prev)
+				lline->prev->next = lline->next;
+			else
+				new = lline->next;
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline->prev;
+
+			newend = lline->prev;
+			j--;
+
+			/* Add lline to base list */
+			if (baseend) {
+				lline->next = baseend->next;
+				lline->prev = baseend;
+				if (lline->prev)
+					lline->prev->next = lline;
+			}
+			else {
+				lline->next = base;
+				base = lline;
+			}
+			(*lenbase)++;
+
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline;
+
+		} else {
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			i--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	newend = new;
+	while (newend) {
+		struct lline *lline = newend;
+		newend = newend->next;
+		free(lline);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(directions[i]);
+	free(directions);
+
+	return base;
+}
+
 static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
@@ -129,29 +305,19 @@ static void append_lost(struct sline *sline, int n, const char *line, int len)
 	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
 		len--;
 
-	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
-	if (sline->lost_head) {
-		lline = sline->next_lost;
-		while (lline) {
-			if (lline->len == len &&
-			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
-				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
-				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
-				return;
-			}
-			lline = lline->next;
-		}
-	}
-
 	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
 	lline->len = len;
 	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->prev = sline->plost.lost_tail;
+	if (lline->prev)
+		lline->prev->next = lline;
+	else
+		sline->plost.lost_head = lline;
+	sline->plost.lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->plost.len++;
 	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
 	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
 	lline->line[len] = 0;
-	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
-	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
-	sline->next_lost = NULL;
 }
 
 struct combine_diff_state {
@@ -194,7 +360,6 @@ static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
 					sizeof(unsigned long));
 		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
@@ -215,7 +380,7 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
 			 struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
-			 const char *path)
+			 const char *path, long flags)
 {
 	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
 	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
@@ -231,7 +396,7 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz, textconv, path);
 	parent_file.size = sz;
 	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
+	xpp.flags = flags;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.nmask = nmask;
@@ -255,8 +420,18 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 		struct lline *ll;
 		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
 
+		/* Coalesce new lines */
+		if (sline[lno].plost.lost_head) {
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno];
+			sl->lost = coalesce_lines(sl->lost, &sl->lenlost,
+						  sl->plost.lost_head,
+						  sl->plost.len, n, flags);
+			sl->plost.lost_head = sl->plost.lost_tail = NULL;
+			sl->plost.len = 0;
+		}
+
 		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
-		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		ll = sline[lno].lost;
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
 				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
@@ -276,7 +451,7 @@ static int interesting(struct sline *sline, unsigned long all_mask)
 	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
 	 * some parent, it is interesting.
 	 */
-	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost);
 }
 
 static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
@@ -344,8 +519,11 @@ static int give_context(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent)
 		unsigned long k;
 
 		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
-		while (j < i)
-			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+		while (j < i) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark))
+				sline[j].flag |= no_pre_delete;
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+		}
 
 	again:
 		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
@@ -459,7 +637,7 @@ static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 		has_interesting = 0;
 		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
 			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
-			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost;
 			if (this_diff) {
 				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
 				 * same as others?
@@ -526,7 +704,8 @@ static void show_line_to_eol(const char *line, int len, const char *reset)
 	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
 }
 
-static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, const char *line_prefix,
+		       unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 		       int use_color, int result_deleted)
 {
 	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
@@ -582,7 +761,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			rlines -= null_context;
 		}
 
-		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_frag);
 		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
 			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
@@ -612,9 +791,9 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			int j;
 			unsigned long p_mask;
 			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
-			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost;
 			while (ll) {
-				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_old);
 				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
 					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
 						putchar('-');
@@ -627,6 +806,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			if (cnt < lno)
 				break;
 			p_mask = 1;
+			fputs(line_prefix, stdout);
 			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
 				/*
 				 * This sline was here to hang the
@@ -662,7 +842,7 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 	jmask = (1UL<<j);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
-		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost;
 		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
@@ -680,11 +860,13 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
 			     const char *prefix,
 			     const char *path,
+			     const char *line_prefix,
 			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, line_prefix);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
 	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
@@ -696,6 +878,7 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 				 int num_parent,
 				 int dense,
 				 struct rev_info *rev,
+				 const char *line_prefix,
 				 int mode_differs,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
@@ -714,8 +897,8 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 		show_log(rev);
 
 	dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
-			 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
-	printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
 					 abbrev);
@@ -734,11 +917,12 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 			    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
 				added = 0;
 		if (added)
-			printf("%snew file mode %06o",
-			       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			printf("%s%snew file mode %06o",
+			       line_prefix, c_meta, elem->mode);
 		else {
 			if (deleted)
-				printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("%s%sdeleted file ",
+				       line_prefix, c_meta);
 			printf("mode ");
 			for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 				printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
@@ -755,16 +939,16 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 
 	if (added)
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	if (deleted)
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 }
 
 static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
@@ -782,6 +966,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	struct userdiff_driver *userdiff;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	int is_binary;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	context = opt->context;
 	userdiff = userdiff_find_by_path(elem->path);
@@ -901,7 +1086,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	}
 	if (is_binary) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 0);
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 0);
 		printf("Binary files differ\n");
 		free(result);
 		return;
@@ -916,10 +1101,6 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 
 	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
 	sline[0].bol = result;
-	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
-		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
-		sline[lno].flag = 0;
-	}
 	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
 		if (*cp == '\n') {
 			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
@@ -955,22 +1136,22 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
-				     textconv, elem->path);
+				     textconv, elem->path, opt->xdl_opts);
 	}
 
 	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
 
 	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 1);
-		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 1);
+		dump_sline(sline, line_prefix, cnt, num_parent,
 			   opt->use_color, result_deleted);
 	}
 	free(result);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
-		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
-			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		if (sline[lno].lost) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost;
 			while (ll) {
 				struct lline *tmp = ll;
 				ll = ll->next;
@@ -982,14 +1163,11 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	free(sline);
 }
 
-#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
-
 static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int i, offset;
-	const char *prefix;
-	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination, i;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	inter_name_termination = '\t';
@@ -999,18 +1177,18 @@ static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct re
 	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
 		show_log(rev);
 
+
 	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
-		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
-		if (offset < 0)
-			offset = 0;
-		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+		printf("%s", line_prefix);
+
+		/* As many colons as there are parents */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(':');
 
 		/* Show the modes */
-		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
-			prefix = " ";
-		}
-		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf("%06o ", p->parent[i].mode);
+		printf("%06o", p->mode);
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
@@ -1040,6 +1218,7 @@ void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 		       struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+
 	if (!p->len)
 		return;
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
@@ -1127,6 +1306,7 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first, num_parent = parents->nr;
 
 	diffopts = *opt;
+	copy_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec, &opt->pathspec);
 	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
@@ -1150,8 +1330,10 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
 			show_log(rev);
+
 			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 		}
 		diff_flush(&diffopts);
 	}
@@ -1179,7 +1361,8 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 			if (needsep)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
 				if (p->len)
 					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
@@ -1194,12 +1377,14 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		paths = paths->next;
 		free(tmp);
 	}
+
+	free_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec);
 }
 
 void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense,
 			      struct rev_info *rev)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+	struct commit_list *parent = get_saved_parents(rev, commit);
 	struct sha1_array parents = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	while (parent) {
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index 7e8cfec29d..08b04e2c66 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ git-branch                              mainporcelain common
 git-bundle                              mainporcelain
 git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-check-attr                          purehelpers
+git-check-ignore                        purehelpers
+git-check-mailmap                       purehelpers
 git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
 git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4c8286470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_H
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_H
+
+/*
+ * define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) creates boilerplate code to define
+ * a new struct (struct slabname) that is used to associate a piece of data
+ * of elemtype to commits, and a few functions to use that struct.
+ *
+ * After including this header file, using:
+ *
+ * define_commit_slab(indegee, int);
+ *
+ * will let you call the following functions:
+ *
+ * - int *indegree_at(struct indegree *, struct commit *);
+ *
+ *   This function locates the data associated with the given commit in
+ *   the indegree slab, and returns the pointer to it.
+ *
+ * - void init_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *   void init_indegree_with_stride(struct indegree *, int);
+ *
+ *   Initializes the indegree slab that associates an array of integers
+ *   to each commit. 'stride' specifies how big each array is.  The slab
+ *   that id initialied by the variant without "_with_stride" associates
+ *   each commit with an array of one integer.
+ */
+
+/* allocate ~512kB at once, allowing for malloc overhead */
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE (512*1024-32)
+#endif
+
+#define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) 				\
+									\
+struct slabname {							\
+	unsigned slab_size;						\
+	unsigned stride;						\
+	unsigned slab_count;						\
+	elemtype **slab;						\
+};									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc;					\
+									\
+static void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s,		\
+					    unsigned stride)		\
+{									\
+	unsigned int elem_size;						\
+	if (!stride)							\
+		stride = 1;						\
+	s->stride = stride;						\
+	elem_size = sizeof(elemtype) * stride;				\
+	s->slab_size = COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / elem_size;			\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)			\
+{									\
+	init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(s, 1);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)			\
+{									\
+	int i;								\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++)				\
+		free(s->slab[i]);					\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	free(s->slab);							\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s,			\
+				const struct commit *c)			\
+{									\
+	int nth_slab, nth_slot;						\
+									\
+	nth_slab = c->index / s->slab_size;				\
+	nth_slot = c->index % s->slab_size;				\
+									\
+	if (s->slab_count <= nth_slab) {				\
+		int i;							\
+		s->slab = xrealloc(s->slab,				\
+				   (nth_slab + 1) * sizeof(s->slab));	\
+		stat_ ##slabname## realloc++;				\
+		for (i = s->slab_count; i <= nth_slab; i++)		\
+			s->slab[i] = NULL;				\
+		s->slab_count = nth_slab + 1;				\
+	}								\
+	if (!s->slab[nth_slab])						\
+		s->slab[nth_slab] = xcalloc(s->slab_size,		\
+					    sizeof(**s->slab) * s->stride);		\
+	return &s->slab[nth_slab][nth_slot * s->stride];				\
+}									\
+									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc
+
+#endif /* COMMIT_SLAB_H */
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index e8eb0aec55..de16a3c0a2 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "mergesort.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 
 static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 
 const char *commit_type = "commit";
+static int commit_count;
 
 static struct commit *check_commit(struct object *obj,
 				   const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -58,8 +61,11 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *ref_n
 struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, alloc_commit_node());
+	if (!obj) {
+		struct commit *c = alloc_commit_node();
+		c->index = commit_count++;
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, c);
+	}
 	if (!obj->type)
 		obj->type = OBJ_COMMIT;
 	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
@@ -371,6 +377,22 @@ unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l)
 	return c;
 }
 
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **pp = &head;
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *new;
+		new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+		new->item = list->item;
+		new->next = NULL;
+		*pp = new;
+		pp = &new->next;
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return head;
+}
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
 {
 	while (list) {
@@ -463,14 +485,23 @@ static void clear_commit_marks_1(struct commit_list **plist,
 	}
 }
 
-void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
-	commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+
+	while (nr--) {
+		commit_list_insert(*commit, &list);
+		commit++;
+	}
 	while (list)
 		clear_commit_marks_1(&list, pop_commit(&list), mark);
 }
 
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	clear_commit_marks_many(1, &commit, mark);
+}
+
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 {
 	struct object *object;
@@ -498,32 +529,136 @@ struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Topological sort support
+ */
+
+/* count number of children that have not been emitted */
+define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
+
+/* record author-date for each commit object */
+define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, unsigned long);
+
+static void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buf, *line_end;
+	char *buffer = NULL;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *date_end;
+	unsigned long date;
+
+	if (!commit->buffer) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		enum object_type type;
+		buffer = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	for (buf = commit->buffer ? commit->buffer : buffer;
+	     buf;
+	     buf = line_end + 1) {
+		line_end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+		if (prefixcmp(buf, "author ")) {
+			if (!line_end[0] || line_end[1] == '\n')
+				return; /* end of header */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident,
+				     buf + strlen("author "),
+				     line_end - (buf + strlen("author "))) ||
+		    !ident.date_begin || !ident.date_end)
+			goto fail_exit; /* malformed "author" line */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	date = strtoul(ident.date_begin, &date_end, 10);
+	if (date_end != ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed date */
+	*(author_date_slab_at(author_date, commit)) = date;
+
+fail_exit:
+	free(buffer);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
+					  void *cb_data)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	struct author_date_slab *author_date = cb_data;
+	unsigned long a_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, a));
+	unsigned long b_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, b));
+
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a->date < b->date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a->date > b->date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort on the list supplied.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **list, enum rev_sort_order sort_order)
 {
 	struct commit_list *next, *orig = *list;
-	struct commit_list *work, **insert;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
+	struct indegree_slab indegree;
+	struct prio_queue queue;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct author_date_slab author_date;
 
 	if (!orig)
 		return;
 	*list = NULL;
 
+	init_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	memset(&queue, '\0', sizeof(queue));
+
+	switch (sort_order) {
+	default: /* REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER */
+		queue.compare = NULL;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE:
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE:
+		init_author_date_slab(&author_date);
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_author_date;
+		queue.cb_data = &author_date;
+		break;
+	}
+
 	/* Mark them and clear the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
-		commit->indegree = 1;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 1;
+		/* also record the author dates, if needed */
+		if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+			record_author_date(&author_date, commit);
 	}
 
 	/* update the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
-		struct commit_list * parents = next->item->parents;
+		struct commit_list *parents = next->item->parents;
 		while (parents) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (parent->indegree)
-				parent->indegree++;
+			if (*pi)
+				(*pi)++;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -535,34 +670,33 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 	 *
 	 * the tips serve as a starting set for the work queue.
 	 */
-	work = NULL;
-	insert = &work;
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
 
-		if (commit->indegree == 1)
-			insert = &commit_list_insert(commit, insert)->next;
+		if (*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, commit);
 	}
 
-	/* process the list in topological order */
-	if (!lifo)
-		commit_list_sort_by_date(&work);
+	/*
+	 * This is unfortunate; the initial tips need to be shown
+	 * in the order given from the revision traversal machinery.
+	 */
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER)
+		prio_queue_reverse(&queue);
+
+	/* We no longer need the commit list */
+	free_commit_list(orig);
 
 	pptr = list;
 	*list = NULL;
-	while (work) {
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct commit_list *parents, *work_item;
-
-		work_item = work;
-		work = work_item->next;
-		work_item->next = NULL;
+	while ((commit = prio_queue_get(&queue)) != NULL) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
 
-		commit = work_item->item;
 		for (parents = commit->parents; parents ; parents = parents->next) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (!parent->indegree)
+			if (!*pi)
 				continue;
 
 			/*
@@ -570,21 +704,22 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 			 * when all their children have been emitted thereby
 			 * guaranteeing topological order.
 			 */
-			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
-				if (!lifo)
-					commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
-				else
-					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
-			}
+			if (--(*pi) == 1)
+				prio_queue_put(&queue, parent);
 		}
 		/*
-		 * work_item is a commit all of whose children
-		 * have already been emitted. we can emit it now.
+		 * all children of commit have already been
+		 * emitted. we can emit it now.
 		 */
-		commit->indegree = 0;
-		*pptr = work_item;
-		pptr = &work_item->next;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 0;
+
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(commit, pptr)->next;
 	}
+
+	clear_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+		clear_author_date_slab(&author_date);
 }
 
 /* merge-base stuff */
@@ -797,8 +932,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 	if (!result || !result->next) {
 		if (cleanup) {
 			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -816,8 +950,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 	free_commit_list(result);
 
 	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 
 	cnt = remove_redundant(rslt, cnt);
 	result = NULL;
@@ -834,7 +967,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two,
 }
 
 /*
- * Is "commit" a decendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
+ * Is "commit" a descendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
  */
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 {
@@ -852,25 +985,36 @@ int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 }
 
 /*
- * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of one of the "references"?
  */
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit **reference)
 {
 	struct commit_list *bases;
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret = 0, i;
 
-	if (parse_commit(commit) || parse_commit(reference))
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_reference; i++)
+		if (parse_commit(reference[i]))
+			return ret;
 
-	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, 1, &reference);
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
 	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
 		ret = 1;
 	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
-	clear_commit_marks(reference, all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_reference, reference, all_flags);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
+{
+	return in_merge_bases_many(commit, 1, &reference);
+}
+
 struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
@@ -1023,6 +1167,76 @@ free_return:
 	free(buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	char result;
+	const char *check;
+} sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
+	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
+	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
+};
+
+static void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Iterate over all search strings */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+		const char *found, *next;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1)) {
+			/* At the very beginning of the buffer */
+			found = buf + strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1);
+		} else {
+			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+		}
+		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
+		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
+			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, 16);
+			found += 17;
+			next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
+			sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit->object.sha1,
+				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
+				      signature.buf, signature.len,
+				      &gpg_output, &gpg_status);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		goto out;
+	sigc->gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_status = strbuf_detach(&gpg_status, NULL);
+	parse_gpg_output(sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+}
+
+
+
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
@@ -1152,10 +1366,15 @@ int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
 {
 	int offset = 0;
+	static const unsigned int max_codepoint[] = {
+		0x7f, 0x7ff, 0xffff, 0x10ffff
+	};
 
 	while (len) {
 		unsigned char c = *buf++;
 		int bytes, bad_offset;
+		unsigned int codepoint;
+		unsigned int min_val, max_val;
 
 		len--;
 		offset++;
@@ -1176,24 +1395,48 @@ static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
 			bytes++;
 		}
 
-		/* Must be between 1 and 5 more bytes */
-		if (bytes < 1 || bytes > 5)
+		/*
+		 * Must be between 1 and 3 more bytes.  Longer sequences result in
+		 * codepoints beyond U+10FFFF, which are guaranteed never to exist.
+		 */
+		if (bytes < 1 || 3 < bytes)
 			return bad_offset;
 
 		/* Do we *have* that many bytes? */
 		if (len < bytes)
 			return bad_offset;
 
+		/*
+		 * Place the encoded bits at the bottom of the value and compute the
+		 * valid range.
+		 */
+		codepoint = (c & 0x7f) >> bytes;
+		min_val = max_codepoint[bytes-1] + 1;
+		max_val = max_codepoint[bytes];
+
 		offset += bytes;
 		len -= bytes;
 
 		/* And verify that they are good continuation bytes */
 		do {
+			codepoint <<= 6;
+			codepoint |= *buf & 0x3f;
 			if ((*buf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80)
 				return bad_offset;
 		} while (--bytes);
 
-		/* We could/should check the value and length here too */
+		/* Reject codepoints that are out of range for the sequence length. */
+		if (codepoint < min_val || codepoint > max_val)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* Surrogates are only for UTF-16 and cannot be encoded in UTF-8. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0x1ff800) == 0xd800)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* U+xxFFFE and U+xxFFFF are guaranteed non-characters. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0xfffe) == 0xfffe)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* So are anything in the range U+FDD0..U+FDEF. */
+		if (codepoint >= 0xfdd0 && codepoint <= 0xfdef)
+			return bad_offset;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -1203,9 +1446,6 @@ static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
  *
  * If it isn't, it assumes any non-utf8 characters are Latin1,
  * and does the conversion.
- *
- * Fixme: we should probably also disallow overlong forms and
- * invalid characters. But we don't do that currently.
  */
 static int verify_utf8(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index b6ad8f3f30..bd841f4d0c 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "decorate.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 struct commit_list {
 	struct commit *item;
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ struct commit_list {
 struct commit {
 	struct object object;
 	void *util;
-	unsigned int indegree;
+	unsigned int index;
 	unsigned long date;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	struct tree *tree;
@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@ struct commit_list *commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item,
 				    struct commit_list **list);
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
 
+/* Shallow copy of the input list */
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
 
 /* Commit formats */
@@ -78,6 +83,9 @@ enum cmit_fmt {
 };
 
 struct pretty_print_context {
+	/*
+	 * Callers should tweak these to change the behavior of pp_* functions.
+	 */
 	enum cmit_fmt fmt;
 	int abbrev;
 	const char *subject;
@@ -89,6 +97,15 @@ struct pretty_print_context {
 	char *notes_message;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	const char *output_encoding;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
+	int color;
+	struct ident_split *from_ident;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fields below here are manipulated internally by pp_* functions and
+	 * should not be counted on by callers.
+	 */
+	struct string_list in_body_headers;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -98,7 +115,9 @@ struct userformat_want {
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
 extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			     char **commit_encoding,
 			     const char *output_encoding);
+extern void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
 extern const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
 				  const char *line_separator);
@@ -106,20 +125,20 @@ extern void userformat_find_requirements(const char *fmt, struct userformat_want
 extern void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 				  const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
 				  const struct pretty_print_context *context);
-extern void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+extern void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 				const struct commit *commit,
 				struct strbuf *sb);
 extern void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 			   struct strbuf *sb);
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding);
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte);
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent);
@@ -134,17 +153,27 @@ struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
 struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
 
 void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark);
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark);
 
+
+enum rev_sort_order {
+	REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER = 0,
+	REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE,
+	REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE
+};
+
 /*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort of list supplied.
  *
  *   invariant of resulting list is:
  *      a reachable from b => ord(b) < ord(a)
- *   in addition, when lifo == 0, commits on parallel tracks are
- *   sorted in the dates order.
+ *   sort_order further specifies:
+ *   REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER: try to show a commit on a single-parent
+ *                            chain together.
+ *   REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE: show eligible commits in committer-date order.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo);
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **, enum rev_sort_order);
 
 struct commit_graft {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -161,19 +190,29 @@ extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *r
 extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
 extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
 
+/* largest positive number a signed 32-bit integer can contain */
+#define INFINITE_DEPTH 0x7fffffff
+
 extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int for_each_commit_graft(each_commit_graft_fn, void *);
 extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
 extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
 		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+extern void check_shallow_file_for_update(void);
+extern void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path);
+extern int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol);
+extern void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+				    const char **alternate_shallow_file);
+extern char *setup_temporary_shallow(void);
 
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
 int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit *);
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *, int, struct commit **);
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
 extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			       const char **pathspec);
+			       const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 static inline int single_parent(struct commit *commit)
 {
@@ -224,4 +263,15 @@ extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
 			      const char *format_cur,
 			      const char *format_last);
 
+/*
+ * Check the signature of the given commit. The result of the check is stored
+ * in sig->check_result, 'G' for a good signature, 'U' for a good signature
+ * from an untrusted signer, 'B' for a bad signature and 'N' for no signature
+ * at all.  This may allocate memory for sig->gpg_output, sig->gpg_status,
+ * sig->signer and sig->key.
+ */
+extern void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/apple-common-crypto.h b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8b9b0e1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/* suppress inclusion of conflicting openssl functions */
+#define OPENSSL_NO_MD5
+#define HEADER_HMAC_H
+#define HEADER_SHA_H
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h>
+#define HMAC_CTX CCHmacContext
+#define HMAC_Init(hmac, key, len, algo) CCHmacInit(hmac, algo, key, len)
+#define HMAC_Update CCHmacUpdate
+#define HMAC_Final(hmac, hash, ptr) CCHmacFinal(hmac, hash)
+#define HMAC_CTX_cleanup(ignore)
+#define EVP_md5(...) kCCHmacAlgMD5
+#if __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 1070
+#define APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+/* Apple's TYPE_BOOL conflicts with config.c */
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#define git_CC_error_check(pattern, err) \
+	do { \
+		if (err) { \
+			die(pattern, (long)CFErrorGetCode(err)); \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+#define EVP_EncodeBlock git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock
+static inline int git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef encoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	encoder = SecEncodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(encoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(encoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(encoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+
+#define EVP_DecodeBlock git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock
+static int inline git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef decoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	decoder = SecDecodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(decoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(decoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(decoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+#endif /* APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER */
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5428858875..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#ifdef CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "win32.h"
-#else
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/errno.h>
-#include "win32.h"
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#endif
-#include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
-
-static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
-{
-	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
-			ft->dwLowDateTime;
-	winTime -= 116444736000000000LL; /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
-	/* convert 100-nsecond interval to seconds and nanoseconds */
-	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime/10000000);
-	ts->tv_nsec = (long)(winTime - ts->tv_sec*10000000LL) * 100;
-}
-
-#define size_to_blocks(s) (((s)+511)/512)
-
-/* do_stat is a common implementation for cygwin_lstat and cygwin_stat.
- *
- * To simplify its logic, in the case of cygwin symlinks, this implementation
- * falls back to the cygwin version of stat/lstat, which is provided as the
- * last argument.
- */
-static int do_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf, stat_fn_t cygstat)
-{
-	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
-
-	if (file_name[0] == '/')
-		return cygstat (file_name, buf);
-
-	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
-		/*
-		 * If the system attribute is set and it is not a directory then
-		 * it could be a symbol link created in the nowinsymlinks mode.
-		 * Normally, Cygwin works in the winsymlinks mode, so this situation
-		 * is very unlikely. For the sake of simplicity of our code, let's
-		 * Cygwin to handle it.
-		 */
-		if ((fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM) &&
-		    !(fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-			return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-
-		/* fill out the stat structure */
-		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_ino = 0;
-		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
-		buf->st_nlink = 1;
-		buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = 0;
-#ifdef __CYGWIN_USE_BIG_TYPES__
-		buf->st_size = ((_off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh << 32) +
-			fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#else
-		buf->st_size = (off_t)fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#endif
-		buf->st_blocks = size_to_blocks(buf->st_size);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastAccessTime, &buf->st_atim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastWriteTime, &buf->st_mtim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftCreationTime, &buf->st_ctim);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (errno == ENOENT) {
-		/*
-		 * In the winsymlinks mode (which is the default), Cygwin
-		 * emulates symbol links using Windows shortcut files. These
-		 * files are formed by adding .lnk extension. So, if we have
-		 * not found the specified file name, it could be that it is
-		 * a symbol link. Let's Cygwin to deal with that.
-		 */
-		return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/* We provide our own lstat/stat functions, since the provided Cygwin versions
- * of these functions are too slow. These stat functions are tailored for Git's
- * usage, and therefore they are not meant to be complete and correct emulation
- * of lstat/stat functionality.
- */
-static int cygwin_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, lstat);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, stat);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * At start up, we are trying to determine whether Win32 API or cygwin stat
- * functions should be used. The choice is determined by core.ignorecygwinfstricks.
- * Reading this option is not always possible immediately as git_dir may
- * not be set yet. So until it is set, use cygwin lstat/stat functions.
- * However, if core.filemode is set, we must use the Cygwin posix
- * stat/lstat as the Windows stat functions do not determine posix filemode.
- *
- * Note that git_cygwin_config() does NOT call git_default_config() and this
- * is deliberate.  Many commands read from config to establish initial
- * values in variables and later tweak them from elsewhere (e.g. command line).
- * init_stat() is called lazily on demand, typically much late in the program,
- * and calling git_default_config() from here would break such variables.
- */
-static int native_stat = 1;
-static int core_filemode = 1; /* matches trust_executable_bit default */
-
-static int git_cygwin_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecygwinfstricks"))
-		native_stat = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode"))
-		core_filemode = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_stat(void)
-{
-	if (have_git_dir() && git_config(git_cygwin_config,NULL)) {
-		if (!core_filemode && native_stat) {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat;
-		} else {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = lstat;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? stat : *cygwin_stat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_lstat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? lstat : *cygwin_lstat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat_stub;
-stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat_stub;
-
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a3229f5b4f..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
-
-#define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
-#define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
index 0ff1d273a5..378c467401 100644
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
+++ b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 # define _GNU_SOURCE	1
 #endif
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -55,7 +56,8 @@
    program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
    it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
 
-#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+#if defined NO_FNMATCH || defined NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD || \
+    defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
 
 
 # if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@
    whose names are inconsistent.  */
 
 # if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
-extern char *getenv ();
+extern char *getenv (const char *name);
 # endif
 
 # ifndef errno
@@ -135,9 +137,9 @@ extern int errno;
 
 # if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
 static char *
-__strchrnul (s, c)
-     const char *s;
-     int c;
+__strchrnul (const char *s, int c)
+
+
 {
   char *result = strchr (s, c);
   if (result == NULL)
@@ -159,11 +161,11 @@ static int internal_fnmatch __P ((const char *pattern, const char *string,
      internal_function;
 static int
 internal_function
-internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int no_leading_period;
-     int flags;
+internal_fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int no_leading_period, int flags)
+
+
+
+
 {
   register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
   register unsigned char c;
@@ -481,10 +483,10 @@ internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
 
 
 int
-fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int flags;
+fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+
+
+
 {
   return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
 }
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index b673625580..fecb98bcff 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -491,7 +491,6 @@ int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 	return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 }
 
-#undef fstat
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
@@ -841,8 +840,8 @@ struct pinfo_t {
 	struct pinfo_t *next;
 	pid_t pid;
 	HANDLE proc;
-} pinfo_t;
-struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+};
+static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
@@ -1086,6 +1085,12 @@ int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		CloseHandle(h);
 		return -1;
+	} else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
+		HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
+		if (h) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	errno = EINVAL;
@@ -1253,7 +1258,7 @@ static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
 	else
 		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
 	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
-	ai->ai_next = 0;
+	ai->ai_next = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1677,14 +1682,16 @@ int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
 #undef signal
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
 {
-	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
+	sig_handler_t old;
 
 	switch (sig) {
 	case SIGALRM:
+		old = timer_fn;
 		timer_fn = handler;
 		break;
 
 	case SIGINT:
+		old = sigint_fn;
 		sigint_fn = handler;
 		break;
 
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 685cd2c3d4..92cd728d3d 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
 #define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
 
+#ifndef EWOULDBLOCK
 #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#endif
 #define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
 
 #define SIGHUP 1
@@ -46,8 +48,12 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define F_SETFD 2
 #define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
 
+#ifndef EAFNOSUPPORT
 #define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
+#endif
+#ifndef ECONNABORTED
 #define ECONNABORTED WSAECONNABORTED
+#endif
 
 struct passwd {
 	char *pw_name;
@@ -258,19 +264,35 @@ static inline int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and
- * mingw_fstat() instead of fstat() on Windows.
+/*
+ * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows.
  */
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
-#ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+
+/* use struct stat with 64 bit st_size */
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
 #define stat _stati64
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
 #define fstat mingw_fstat
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+
+#ifndef _stati64
+# define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#elif defined (_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+# define _stat32i64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#else
+# define _stat64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
 #endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
@@ -322,6 +344,7 @@ static inline char *mingw_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 #define find_last_dir_sep mingw_find_last_dir_sep
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
+#define PRId64 "I64d"
 
 void mingw_open_html(const char *path);
 #define open_html mingw_open_html
@@ -334,13 +357,20 @@ char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars);
 void free_environ(char **env);
 
 /*
+ * A critical section used in the implementation of the spawn
+ * functions (mingw_spawnv[p]e()) and waitpid(). Intialised in
+ * the replacement main() macro below.
+ */
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
+
+/*
  * A replacement of main() that ensures that argv[0] has a path
  * and that default fmode and std(in|out|err) are in binary mode
  */
 
 #define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(); \
-static int mingw_main(); \
-int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
+static int mingw_main(c,v); \
+int main(int argc, char **argv) \
 { \
 	extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs; \
 	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
index aa4b56315a..580bb55bf4 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
 #define ftruncate    _chsize
+#define strtoull     _strtoui64
+#define strtoll      _strtoi64
 
 static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
@@ -22,21 +24,6 @@ static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 
 #undef ERROR
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and mingw_fstat() instead
- * of fstat(). We add the declaration of these functions here, suppressing
- * the corresponding declarations in mingw.h, so that we can use the
- * appropriate structure type (and function) names from the msvc headers.
- */
-#define stat _stat64
-int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
-int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
-#define fstat mingw_fstat
-#define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stat64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
-#define ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
 
-#undef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
index e46d8f112c..07cbf50c0f 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Chew for reporting this.
 
 v1.04alpha_svn915 7th October 2006:
  * Fixed failure to unlock thread cache list if allocating a new list failed.
-Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
+Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Further thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
  * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
 reporting this.
  * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overridden by the build system.
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index ff7c2c4fd8..f216a2a7d3 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -484,6 +484,10 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #define DLMALLOC_VERSION 20804
 #endif /* DLMALLOC_VERSION */
 
+#if defined(linux)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define WIN32 1
@@ -495,7 +499,9 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #endif  /* WIN32 */
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x403
+#endif
 #include <windows.h>
 #define HAVE_MMAP 1
 #define HAVE_MORECORE 0
@@ -1802,7 +1808,7 @@ struct win32_mlock_t
 
 static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
 
-static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid() {
+static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid(void) {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #if defined(_M_IX86)
   long *threadstruct=(long *)__readfsdword(0x18);
@@ -3598,8 +3604,8 @@ static void internal_malloc_stats(mstate m) {
      and choose its bk node as its replacement.
   2. If x was the last node of its size, but not a leaf node, it must
      be replaced with a leaf node (not merely one with an open left or
-     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendents
-     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendent
+     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendants
+     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendant
      of x.  We could use any other leaf, but this is easy to locate and
      tends to counteract removal of leftmosts elsewhere, and so keeps
      paths shorter than minimally guaranteed.  This doesn't loop much
@@ -4778,7 +4784,7 @@ void* dlmalloc(size_t bytes) {
 
 void dlfree(void* mem) {
   /*
-     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceding or succeeding bordering
      free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
      with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
   */
@@ -5680,10 +5686,10 @@ History:
 	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
       * Use last_remainder in more cases.
       * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
-      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshold
       * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
       * Support another case of realloc via move into top
-      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Fix error occurring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
       * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
 	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
       * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
index d9a17a8057..609ebba125 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ struct mallinfo nedmallinfo(void) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmallinfo(0); }
 #endif
 int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpmallopt(0, parno, value); }
 int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmalloc_trim(0, pad); }
-void   nedmalloc_stats() THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
-size_t nedmalloc_footprint() THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
+void   nedmalloc_stats(void) THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
+size_t nedmalloc_footprint(void) THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
 void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_calloc(0, elemsno, elemsize, chunks); }
 void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_comalloc(0, elems, sizes, chunks); }
 
@@ -603,7 +603,10 @@ static NOINLINE mstate FindMSpace(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int *lastUsed, si
 		}
 		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
 		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
-		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		{
+			volatile struct malloc_state **_m=(volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end];
+			*_m=(p->m[end]=temp);
+		}
 		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
 		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
 		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
diff --git a/compat/obstack.h b/compat/obstack.h
index d178bd6716..ceb4bdbcdd 100644
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #define __BPTR_ALIGN(B, P, A) ((B) + (((P) - (B) + (A)) & ~(A)))
 
-/* Similiar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
+/* Similar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
    where pointers can be converted to integers, aligned as integers,
    and converted back again.  If PTR_INT_TYPE is narrower than a
    pointer (e.g., the AS/400), play it safe and compute the alignment
diff --git a/compat/poll/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index 7d226ecb29..31163f2ae7 100644
--- a/compat/poll/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 #if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
 # define WIN32_NATIVE
-# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
 #  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
 # endif
 # include <winsock2.h>
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ restart:
 	{
 	  /* It's a socket.  */
 	  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
-	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, NULL, 0);
 
 	  /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
 	     to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.c b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
index 8cf59558e1..95fe849e42 100644
--- a/compat/precompose_utf8.c
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
@@ -48,11 +48,8 @@ void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(char *path, int len)
 	if (output_fd >= 0) {
 		close(output_fd);
 		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfd);
-		/* Indicate to the user, that we can configure it to true */
-		if (!access(path, R_OK))
-			git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", "false");
-		/* To be backward compatible, set precomposed_unicode to 0 */
-		precomposed_unicode = 0;
+		precomposed_unicode = access(path, R_OK) ? 0 : 1;
+		git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", precomposed_unicode ? "true" : "false");
 		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
 		if (unlink(path))
 			die_errno(_("failed to unlink '%s'"), path);
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		size_t namelen;
 		oldarg = argv[i];
 		if (has_non_ascii(oldarg, (size_t)-1, &namelen)) {
-			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose);
+			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose, NULL);
 			if (newarg)
 				argv[i] = newarg;
 		}
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
 			if (prec_dir->ic_precompose == (iconv_t)-1) {
 				die("iconv_open(%s,%s) failed, but needed:\n"
 						"    precomposed unicode is not supported.\n"
-						"    If you wnat to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
+						"    If you want to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
 						"    \"git config core.precomposeunicode false\"\n",
 						repo_encoding, path_encoding);
 			} else {
diff --git a/compat/regex/regcomp.c b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
index 8c96ed942c..b2c5d465ac 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regcomp.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ peek_token_bracket (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
 
 /* Entry point of the parser.
    Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
-   If an error is occured, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
    This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
 	   CAT
 	   / \
@@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
   const int32_t *symb_table;
   const unsigned char *extra;
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
      Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */
 
@@ -2892,11 +2892,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return UINT_MAX;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
@@ -2976,11 +2976,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return REG_NOERROR;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
-     pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
   __attribute ((always_inline))
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@ parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
      Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3515,7 +3515,7 @@ build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
      Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3715,7 +3715,7 @@ build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa, RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
 /* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
    Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
    Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
-   Return -2, If an error is occured.  */
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 3dd8dfa01f..6aaae00327 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Make sure noone compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 # error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
index 193854cf5b..d4121f2f4f 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ re_node_set_merge (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have ELEM.
-   return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ re_node_set_insert (re_node_set *set, int elem)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
-   Return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ re_node_set_remove_at (re_node_set *set, int idx)
 
 
 /* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
-   Or return -1, if an error will be occured.  */
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
diff --git a/compat/regex/regexec.c b/compat/regex/regexec.c
index 0194965c5d..eb5e1d4439 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regexec.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regexec.c
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ re_search_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
 
   rval = 0;
 
-  /* I hope we needn't fill ther regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
+  /* I hope we needn't fill their regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
   if (result != REG_NOERROR)
     rval = -1;
   else if (regs != NULL)
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ acquire_init_state_context (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_match_context_t *mctx,
    FL_LONGEST_MATCH means we want the POSIX longest matching.
    If P_MATCH_FIRST is not NULL, and the match fails, it is set to the
    next place where we may want to try matching.
-   Note that the matcher assume that the maching starts from the current
+   Note that the matcher assume that the matching starts from the current
    index of the buffer.  */
 
 static int
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ sift_states_iter_mb (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
 			    dfa->nexts[node_idx]))
     /* The node can't accept the `multi byte', or the
        destination was already thrown away, then the node
-       could't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
+       couldn't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
     naccepted = 0;
   /* Otherwise, it is sure that the node could accept
      `naccepted' bytes input.  */
@@ -2313,7 +2313,7 @@ transit_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 }
 
 /* Update the state_log if we need */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 		      re_dfastate_t *next_state)
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
       mctx->state_log_top = cur_idx;
     }
-  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == 0)
+  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == NULL)
     {
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
     }
@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 /* Skip bytes in the input that correspond to part of a
    multi-byte match, then look in the log for a state
    from which to restart matching.  */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx)
 {
diff --git a/compat/strtok_r.c b/compat/strtok_r.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b5d568a96..0000000000
--- a/compat/strtok_r.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* Reentrant string tokenizer.  Generic version.
-   Copyright (C) 1991,1996-1999,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307 USA.  */
-
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
-   If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
-   the next starting point.  For example:
-	char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
-	char *sp;
-	x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp);	// x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp);	// x = "def", sp = NULL
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp);	// x = NULL
-		// s = "abc\0-def\0"
-*/
-char *
-gitstrtok_r (char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr)
-{
-  char *token;
-
-  if (s == NULL)
-    s = *save_ptr;
-
-  /* Scan leading delimiters.  */
-  s += strspn (s, delim);
-  if (*s == '\0')
-    {
-      *save_ptr = s;
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  /* Find the end of the token.  */
-  token = s;
-  s = strpbrk (token, delim);
-  if (s == NULL)
-    /* This token finishes the string.  */
-    *save_ptr = token + strlen (token);
-  else
-    {
-      /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it.  */
-      *s = '\0';
-      *save_ptr = s + 1;
-    }
-  return token;
-}
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index 9b5e3d1bb8..313897d581 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
-#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(WIN32)
+#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 
 static void restore_term(void);
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ error:
 	return -1;
 }
 
-#elif defined(WIN32)
+#elif defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 
 #define INPUT_PATH "CONIN$"
 #define OUTPUT_PATH "CONOUT$"
diff --git a/compat/unsetenv.c b/compat/unsetenv.c
index eb29f5e084..bf5fd7063b 100644
--- a/compat/unsetenv.c
+++ b/compat/unsetenv.c
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 void gitunsetenv (const char *name)
 {
+#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
      extern char **environ;
+#endif
      int src, dst;
      size_t nmln;
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d8552a2c6..0000000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index b14fcf94da..c65c2cd566 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ typedef int64_t off64_t;
 #define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
 #define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
 
+#define UINT32_MAX 0xffffffff  /* 4294967295U */
+
+#define STDIN_FILENO  0
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/compat/win32.h b/compat/win32.h
index 8ce91048de..a97e880757 100644
--- a/compat/win32.h
+++ b/compat/win32.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define WIN32_H
 
 /* common Win32 functions for MinGW and Cygwin */
-#ifndef WIN32         /* Not defined by Cygwin */
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE	/* Not defined for Cygwin */
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
index 010e875ec4..e18f5c6e2e 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.c
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr)
 
 pthread_t pthread_self(void)
 {
-	pthread_t t = { 0 };
+	pthread_t t = { NULL };
 	t.tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
 	return t;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32mmap.c b/compat/win32mmap.c
index 61d2ef8e46..80a8c9af4f 100644
--- a/compat/win32mmap.c
+++ b/compat/win32mmap.c
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 	if (!(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
 		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with USE_WIN32_MMAP");
 
-	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), 0, PAGE_WRITECOPY,
-		0, 0, 0);
+	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), NULL,
+		PAGE_WRITECOPY, 0, 0, NULL);
 
 	if (!hmap)
 		return MAP_FAILED;
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index fb3f8681ee..6588cf579f 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -10,20 +10,69 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
-typedef struct config_file {
-	struct config_file *prev;
-	FILE *f;
+struct config_source {
+	struct config_source *prev;
+	union {
+		FILE *file;
+		struct config_buf {
+			const char *buf;
+			size_t len;
+			size_t pos;
+		} buf;
+	} u;
 	const char *name;
+	int die_on_error;
 	int linenr;
 	int eof;
 	struct strbuf value;
 	struct strbuf var;
-} config_file;
 
-static config_file *cf;
+	int (*do_fgetc)(struct config_source *c);
+	int (*do_ungetc)(int c, struct config_source *conf);
+	long (*do_ftell)(struct config_source *c);
+};
+
+static struct config_source *cf;
 
 static int zlib_compression_seen;
 
+static int config_file_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return fgetc(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static int config_file_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ungetc(c, conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static long config_file_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ftell(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+
+static int config_buf_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos < conf->u.buf.len)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos++];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static int config_buf_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos > 0)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[--conf->u.buf.pos];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static long config_buf_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return conf->u.buf.pos;
+}
+
 #define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 10
 static const char include_depth_advice[] =
 "exceeded maximum include depth (%d) while including\n"
@@ -58,7 +107,7 @@ static int handle_path_include(const char *path, struct config_include_data *inc
 		path = buf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK)) {
+	if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0)) {
 		if (++inc->depth > MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH)
 			die(include_depth_advice, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH, path,
 			    cf && cf->name ? cf->name : "the command line");
@@ -168,27 +217,22 @@ int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 
 static int get_next_char(void)
 {
-	int c;
-	FILE *f;
-
-	c = '\n';
-	if (cf && ((f = cf->f) != NULL)) {
-		c = fgetc(f);
-		if (c == '\r') {
-			/* DOS like systems */
-			c = fgetc(f);
-			if (c != '\n') {
-				ungetc(c, f);
-				c = '\r';
-			}
-		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			cf->linenr++;
-		if (c == EOF) {
-			cf->eof = 1;
-			c = '\n';
+	int c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+
+	if (c == '\r') {
+		/* DOS like systems */
+		c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+		if (c != '\n') {
+			cf->do_ungetc(c, cf);
+			c = '\r';
 		}
 	}
+	if (c == '\n')
+		cf->linenr++;
+	if (c == EOF) {
+		cf->eof = 1;
+		c = '\n';
+	}
 	return c;
 }
 
@@ -339,7 +383,7 @@ static int get_base_var(struct strbuf *name)
 	}
 }
 
-static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+static int git_parse_source(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int comment = 0;
 	int baselen = 0;
@@ -399,7 +443,10 @@ static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 		if (get_value(fn, data, var) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	if (cf->die_on_error)
+		die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	else
+		return error("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
 }
 
 static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
@@ -421,7 +468,7 @@ static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
+static int git_parse_signed(const char *value, intmax_t *ret, intmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -433,21 +480,25 @@ static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
 		val = strtoimax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		uval = abs(val);
 		uval *= factor;
-		if ((uval > maximum_signed_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (abs(val) > uval))
+		if (uval > max || abs(val) > uval) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		val *= factor;
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+int git_parse_unsigned(const char *value, uintmax_t *ret, uintmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -459,29 +510,75 @@ int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
 		oldval = val;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		if ((val > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (oldval > val))
+		}
+		if (val > max || oldval > val) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void die_bad_config(const char *name)
+static int git_parse_int(const char *value, int *ret)
+{
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int git_parse_int64(const char *value, int64_t *ret)
 {
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int64_t)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+{
+	uintmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_unsigned(value, &tmp, maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void die_bad_number(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *reason = errno == ERANGE ?
+			     "out of range" :
+			     "invalid unit";
+	if (!value)
+		value = "";
+
 	if (cf && cf->name)
-		die("bad config value for '%s' in %s", name, cf->name);
-	die("bad config value for '%s'", name);
+		die("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s",
+		    value, name, cf->name, reason);
+	die("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s", value, name, reason);
 }
 
 int git_config_int(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long ret = 0;
-	if (!git_parse_long(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+	int ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int64_t git_config_int64(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int64_t ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int64(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -489,7 +586,7 @@ unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
 	unsigned long ret;
 	if (!git_parse_ulong(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -512,10 +609,10 @@ static int git_config_maybe_bool_text(const char *name, const char *value)
 
 int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	int v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
 	if (0 <= v)
 		return v;
-	if (git_parse_long(value, &v))
+	if (git_parse_int(value, &v))
 		return !!v;
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -566,6 +663,25 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo") ||
+	    !strcmp(var, "core.checkstat")) {
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: statinfo was a typo in v1.8.2 that has
+		 * never been advertised.  we will remove it at Git
+		 * 2.0 boundary.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo")) {
+			static int warned;
+			if (!warned++) {
+				warning("'core.statinfo' will be removed in Git 2.0; "
+					"use 'core.checkstat' instead.");
+			}
+		}
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+			check_stat = 1;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+			check_stat = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
 		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -669,9 +785,6 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.logpackaccess"))
-		return git_config_string(&log_pack_access, var, value);
-
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.autocrlf")) {
 		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "input")) {
 			if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF)
@@ -717,6 +830,14 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
 		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.commentchar")) {
+		const char *comment;
+		int ret = git_config_string(&comment, var, value);
+		if (!ret)
+			comment_line_char = comment[0];
+		return ret;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.askpass"))
 		return git_config_string(&askpass_program, var, value);
 
@@ -839,6 +960,8 @@ static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
 		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.blob"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_blob, var, value);
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
@@ -880,6 +1003,33 @@ int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * All source specific fields in the union, die_on_error, name and the callbacks
+ * fgetc, ungetc, ftell of top need to be initialized before calling
+ * this function.
+ */
+static int do_config_from(struct config_source *top, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* push config-file parsing state stack */
+	top->prev = cf;
+	top->linenr = 1;
+	top->eof = 0;
+	strbuf_init(&top->value, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&top->var, 1024);
+	cf = top;
+
+	ret = git_parse_source(fn, data);
+
+	/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
+	strbuf_release(&top->value);
+	strbuf_release(&top->var);
+	cf = top->prev;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -887,30 +1037,74 @@ int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
 
 	ret = -1;
 	if (f) {
-		config_file top;
+		struct config_source top;
 
-		/* push config-file parsing state stack */
-		top.prev = cf;
-		top.f = f;
+		top.u.file = f;
 		top.name = filename;
-		top.linenr = 1;
-		top.eof = 0;
-		strbuf_init(&top.value, 1024);
-		strbuf_init(&top.var, 1024);
-		cf = &top;
-
-		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
+		top.die_on_error = 1;
+		top.do_fgetc = config_file_fgetc;
+		top.do_ungetc = config_file_ungetc;
+		top.do_ftell = config_file_ftell;
 
-		/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
-		strbuf_release(&top.value);
-		strbuf_release(&top.var);
-		cf = top.prev;
+		ret = do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
 
 		fclose(f);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name, const char *buf,
+			size_t len, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
+
+	top.u.buf.buf = buf;
+	top.u.buf.len = len;
+	top.u.buf.pos = 0;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.die_on_error = 0;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_buf_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_buf_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_buf_ftell;
+
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_sha1(config_fn_t fn,
+				     const char *name,
+				     const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     void *data)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to load config blob object '%s'", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
+		return error("reference '%s' does not point to a blob", name);
+	}
+
+	ret = git_config_from_buf(fn, name, buf, size, data);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_ref(config_fn_t fn,
+				    const char *name,
+				    void *data)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return error("unable to resolve config blob '%s'", name);
+	return git_config_from_blob_sha1(fn, name, sha1, data);
+}
+
 const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 {
 	static const char *system_wide;
@@ -938,23 +1132,23 @@ int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 
 	home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
 
-	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_warn(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
 					    data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, xdg_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (user_config && !access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (user_config && !access_or_die(user_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (repo_config && !access_or_warn(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
@@ -976,7 +1170,9 @@ int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 }
 
 int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
-			    const char *filename, int respect_includes)
+			    const char *filename,
+			    const char *blob_ref,
+			    int respect_includes)
 {
 	char *repo_config = NULL;
 	int ret;
@@ -995,6 +1191,8 @@ int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
 	 */
 	if (filename)
 		return git_config_from_file(fn, filename, data);
+	else if (blob_ref)
+		return git_config_from_blob_ref(fn, blob_ref, data);
 
 	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
 	ret = git_config_early(fn, data, repo_config);
@@ -1005,7 +1203,7 @@ int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
 
 int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
-	return git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, 1);
+	return git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1037,7 +1235,6 @@ static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	const char *ep;
 	size_t section_len;
-	FILE *f = cf->f;
 
 	switch (store.state) {
 	case KEY_SEEN:
@@ -1049,7 +1246,7 @@ static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 				return 1;
 			}
 
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.seen++;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1076,19 +1273,19 @@ static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		 * Do not increment matches: this is no match, but we
 		 * just made sure we are in the desired section.
 		 */
-		store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+		store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 		/* fallthru */
 	case SECTION_END_SEEN:
 	case START:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.state = KEY_SEEN;
 			store.seen++;
 		} else {
 			if (strrchr(key, '.') - key == store.baselen &&
 			      !strncmp(key, store.key, store.baselen)) {
 					store.state = SECTION_SEEN;
-					store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+					store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1660,7 +1857,41 @@ int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
  * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
  * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
  */
+#undef config_error_nonbool
 int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
 {
 	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
 }
+
+int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+		     const char *section,
+		     const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+		     const char **key)
+{
+	int section_len = strlen(section);
+	const char *dot;
+
+	/* Does it start with "section." ? */
+	if (prefixcmp(var, section) || var[section_len] != '.')
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the key; we don't know yet if we have a subsection, but we must
+	 * parse backwards from the end, since the subsection may have dots in
+	 * it, too.
+	 */
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	*key = dot + 1;
+
+	/* Did we have a subsection at all? */
+	if (dot == var + section_len) {
+		*subsection = NULL;
+		*subsection_len = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		*subsection = var + section_len + 1;
+		*subsection_len = dot - *subsection;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index e8a9bb4682..e6a6d0f941 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
 AR = @AR@
 TAR = @TAR@
 DIFF = @DIFF@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
 #INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
 
 prefix = @prefix@
@@ -17,11 +18,7 @@ gitexecdir = @libexecdir@/git-core
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
 sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
 
 mandir = @mandir@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-export exec_prefix mandir
-export srcdir VPATH
+htmldir = @htmldir@
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82d549e48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+# Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
+	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
+	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
+	SOCKLEN_T = int
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
+		SOCKLEN_T = int
+		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
+		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
+		# There are conflicting reports about this.
+		# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+		# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+		NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	else
+		NO_REGEX = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	else
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
+		INLINE = ''
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	INLINE = __inline
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
+		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
+		INLINE =
+		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
+		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_RESOLV =
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL =
+	NO_EXPAT =
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
+	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
+	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
+	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
+	CC = cc -c99
+	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
+	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
+	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
+	CFLAGS = -g -O0
+	# We'd want it to be here.
+	prefix = /usr/local
+	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
+	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
+	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
+
+	# As detected by './configure'.
+	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
+	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	# Added manually, see above.
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
+
+	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
+	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
+	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
+	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
+	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	GITLIBS += git.res
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	RC = windres -O coff
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir = doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+else
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_GETPAGESIZE = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+endif
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index ad215cc4a1..2f433939dc 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([pthreads],
   [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
   [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
   [and then -lpthread.]
-  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+  [--disable-pthreads will disable threading.])],
 [
 if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
@@ -753,6 +753,14 @@ AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_type,
 [#include <dirent.h>])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT])
 #
+# Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
+# in the C library.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct passwd.pw_gecos,
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=],
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <pwd.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT])
+#
 # Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
 # sockaddr_storage.
 AC_CHECK_TYPE(struct sockaddr_storage,
@@ -872,6 +880,12 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADER([libcharset.h],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H])
+#
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([strings.h],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
 # Define CHARSET_LIB if libiconv does not export the locale_charset symbol
 # and libcharset does
 CHARSET_LIB=
@@ -887,12 +901,6 @@ GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strcasestr,
 [NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRCASESTR])
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtok_r,
-[NO_STRTOK_R=],
-[NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
-GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRTOK_R])
-#
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
 [NO_FNMATCH=],
@@ -1021,7 +1029,17 @@ if test -n "$USER_NOPTHREAD"; then
 # -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
 elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
   threads_found=no
-  for opt in -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
+  # Attempt to compile and link some code using pthreads to determine
+  # required linker flags. The order is somewhat important here: We
+  # first try it without any extra flags, to catch systems where
+  # pthreads are part of the C library, then go on testing various other
+  # flags. We do so to avoid false positives. For example, on Mac OS X
+  # pthreads are part of the C library; moreover, the compiler allows us
+  # to add "-mt" to the CFLAGS (although it will do nothing except
+  # trigger a warning about an unused flag). Hence if we checked for
+  # "-mt" before "" we would end up picking it. But unfortunately this
+  # would then trigger compiler warnings on every single file we compile.
+  for opt in "" -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
      old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
      CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
      AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 49e56ba35a..a80ebd316c 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "url.h"
 
 static char *server_capabilities;
@@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ static void die_initial_contact(int got_at_least_one_head)
 /*
  * Read all the refs from the other end
  */
-struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
-			      unsigned int flags,
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
 			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
 {
 	int got_at_least_one_head = 0;
@@ -72,18 +73,19 @@ struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
 	for (;;) {
 		struct ref *ref;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-		static char buffer[1000];
 		char *name;
 		int len, name_len;
+		char *buffer = packet_buffer;
 
-		len = packet_read(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		len = packet_read(in, &src_buf, &src_len,
+				  packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+				  PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF |
+				  PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
 		if (len < 0)
 			die_initial_contact(got_at_least_one_head);
 
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = 0;
 
 		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
 			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
@@ -550,8 +552,11 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 	path = strchr(end, c);
 	if (path && !has_dos_drive_prefix(end)) {
 		if (c == ':') {
-			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
-			*path++ = '\0';
+			if (path < strchrnul(host, '/')) {
+				protocol = PROTO_SSH;
+				*path++ = '\0';
+			} else /* '/' in the host part, assume local path */
+				path = end;
 		}
 	} else
 		path = end;
diff --git a/connect.h b/connect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9dff25cad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/connect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef CONNECT_H
+#define CONNECT_H
+
+#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
+extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
+extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
+extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+extern const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/connected.c b/connected.c
index 1e89c1cd1d..fae8d64c12 100644
--- a/connected.c
+++ b/connected.c
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "transport.h"
 
+int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_with_transport(fn, quiet, cb_data, NULL);
+}
 /*
  * If we feed all the commits we want to verify to this command
  *
@@ -14,7 +19,10 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 if everything is connected, non-zero otherwise.
  */
-int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					      int quiet,
+					      void *cb_data,
+					      struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct child_process rev_list;
 	const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "--objects",
@@ -22,10 +30,23 @@ int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
 	char commit[41];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int err = 0;
+	struct packed_git *new_pack = NULL;
 
 	if (fn(cb_data, sha1))
 		return err;
 
+	if (transport && transport->smart_options &&
+	    transport->smart_options->self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    transport->pack_lockfile &&
+	    !suffixcmp(transport->pack_lockfile, ".keep")) {
+		struct strbuf idx_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, transport->pack_lockfile);
+		strbuf_setlen(&idx_file, idx_file.len - 5); /* ".keep" */
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, ".idx");
+		new_pack = add_packed_git(idx_file.buf, idx_file.len, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&idx_file);
+	}
+
 	if (quiet)
 		argv[5] = "--quiet";
 
@@ -42,6 +63,17 @@ int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
 
 	commit[40] = '\n';
 	do {
+		/*
+		 * If index-pack already checked that:
+		 * - there are no dangling pointers in the new pack
+		 * - the pack is self contained
+		 * Then if the updated ref is in the new pack, then we
+		 * are sure the ref is good and not sending it to
+		 * rev-list for verification.
+		 */
+		if (new_pack && find_pack_entry_one(sha1, new_pack))
+			continue;
+
 		memcpy(commit, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(rev_list.in, commit, 41) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
diff --git a/connected.h b/connected.h
index 7e4585a6cb..0b060b7429 100644
--- a/connected.h
+++ b/connected.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef CONNECTED_H
 #define CONNECTED_H
 
+struct transport;
+
 /*
  * Take callback data, and return next object name in the buffer.
  * When called after returning the name for the last object, return -1
@@ -16,5 +18,8 @@ typedef int (*sha1_iterate_fn)(void *, unsigned char [20]);
  * Return 0 if Ok, non zero otherwise (i.e. some missing objects)
  */
 extern int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data);
+extern int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet,
+						     void *cb_data,
+						     struct transport *transport);
 
 #endif /* CONNECTED_H */
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/README b/contrib/blameview/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fada5ce909..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-This is a sample program to use 'git-blame --incremental', based
-on this message.
-
-From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
-Subject: Re: More precise tag following
-To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
-Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2007 18:52:38 -0500
-Message-ID: <20070127235238.GA28706@coredump.intra.peff.net>
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
deleted file mode 100755
index 1dec00137b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-use Gtk2 -init;
-use Gtk2::SimpleList;
-
-my $hash;
-my $fn;
-if ( @ARGV == 1 ) {
-	$hash = "HEAD";
-	$fn = shift;
-} elsif ( @ARGV == 2 ) {
-	$hash = shift;
-	$fn = shift;
-} else {
-	die "Usage blameview [<rev>] <filename>";
-}
-
-Gtk2::Rc->parse_string(<<'EOS');
-style "treeview_style"
-{
-  GtkTreeView::vertical-separator = 0
-}
-class "GtkTreeView" style "treeview_style"
-EOS
-
-my $window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
-$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit });
-my $vpan = Gtk2::VPaned->new();
-$window->add($vpan);
-my $scrolled_window = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new;
-$vpan->pack1($scrolled_window, 1, 1);
-my $fileview = Gtk2::SimpleList->new(
-    'Commit' => 'text',
-    'FileLine' => 'text',
-    'Data' => 'text'
-);
-$scrolled_window->add($fileview);
-$fileview->get_column(0)->set_spacing(0);
-$fileview->set_size_request(1024, 768);
-$fileview->set_rules_hint(1);
-$fileview->signal_connect (row_activated => sub {
-		my ($sl, $path, $column) = @_;
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		system("blameview @$row_ref[0]~1 $fn &");
-		});
-
-my $commitwindow = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new();
-$commitwindow->set_policy ('GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC','GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC');
-$vpan->pack2($commitwindow, 1, 1);
-my $commit_text = Gtk2::TextView->new();
-my $commit_buffer = Gtk2::TextBuffer->new();
-$commit_text->set_buffer($commit_buffer);
-$commitwindow->add($commit_text);
-
-$fileview->signal_connect (cursor_changed => sub {
-		my ($sl) = @_;
-		my ($path, $focus_column) = $sl->get_cursor();
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		my $c_fh;
-		open($c_fh,  '-|', "git cat-file commit @$row_ref[0]")
-					or die "unable to find commit @$row_ref[0]";
-		my @buffer = <$c_fh>;
-		$commit_buffer->set_text("@buffer");
-		close($c_fh);
-		});
-
-my $fh;
-open($fh, '-|', "git cat-file blob $hash:$fn")
-  or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
-
-while(<$fh>) {
-  chomp;
-  $fileview->{data}->[$.] = ['HEAD', "$fn:$.", $_];
-}
-
-my $blame;
-open($blame, '-|', qw(git blame --incremental --), $fn, $hash)
-    or die "cannot start git-blame $fn";
-
-Glib::IO->add_watch(fileno($blame), 'in', \&read_blame_line);
-
-$window->show_all;
-Gtk2->main;
-exit 0;
-
-my %commitinfo = ();
-
-sub flush_blame_line {
-	my ($attr) = @_;
-
-	return unless defined $attr;
-
-	my ($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-	    @{$attr}{qw(COMMIT S_LNO LNO CNT)};
-
-	my ($filename, $author, $author_time, $author_tz) =
-	    @{$commitinfo{$commit}}{qw(FILENAME AUTHOR AUTHOR-TIME AUTHOR-TZ)};
-	my $info = $author . ' ' . format_time($author_time, $author_tz);
-
-	for(my $i = 0; $i < $cnt; $i++) {
-		@{$fileview->{data}->[$lno+$i-1]}[0,1,2] =
-		(substr($commit, 0, 8), $filename . ':' . ($s_lno+$i));
-	}
-}
-
-my $buf;
-my $current;
-sub read_blame_line {
-
-	my $r = sysread($blame, $buf, 1024, length($buf));
-	die "I/O error" unless defined $r;
-
-	if ($r == 0) {
-		flush_blame_line($current);
-		$current = undef;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	while ($buf =~ s/([^\n]*)\n//) {
-		my $line = $1;
-
-		if (($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-		    ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)$/)) {
-			flush_blame_line($current);
-			$current = +{
-				COMMIT => $1,
-				S_LNO => $2,
-				LNO => $3,
-				CNT => $4,
-			};
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# extended attribute values
-		if ($line =~ /^(author|author-mail|author-time|author-tz|committer|committer-mail|committer-time|committer-tz|summary|filename) (.*)$/) {
-			my $commit = $current->{COMMIT};
-			$commitinfo{$commit}{uc($1)} = $2;
-			next;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub format_time {
-  my $time = shift;
-  my $tz = shift;
-
-  my $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$tz : $tz;
-  $minutes = ($minutes / 100)*60 + ($minutes % 100);
-  $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$minutes : $minutes;
-  $time += $minutes * 60;
-  my @t = gmtime($time);
-  return sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s',
-		 $t[5] + 1900, @t[4,3,2,1,0], $tz);
-}
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL b/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
deleted file mode 100644
index 7222961d35..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-= Installation instructions =
-
-Two scripts are included.  The Python one (ciabot.py) is faster and
-more capable; the shell one (ciabot.sh) is a fallback in case Python
-gives your git hosting site indigestion. (I know of no such sites.)
-
-It is no longer necessary to modify the script in order to put it
-in place; in fact, this is now discouraged. It is entirely
-configurable with the following git config variables:
-
-ciabot.project = name of the project
-ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true, ship notifications via XML-RPC
-ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-
-The revformat variable may have the following values
-raw -> full hex ID of commit
-short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-describe -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-
-ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-ciabot.xmlrpc defaults to True
-ciabot.revformat defaults to 'describe'.
-
-This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-however setting ciabot.project will allow the hook to run slightly faster.
-
-Once you've set these variables, try your script with -n to see the
-notification message dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.
-
-To live-test these scripts, your project needs to have been registered with
-the CIA site.  Here are the steps:
-
-1. Open an IRC window on irc://freenode/commits or your registered
-   project IRC channel.
-
-2. Run ciabot.py and/or ciabot.sh from any directory under git
-   control.
-
-You should see a notification on the channel for your most recent commit.
-
-After verifying correct function, install one of these scripts either
-in a post-commit hook or in an update hook.
-
-In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-needs.
-
-In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
-from most recent to oldest.
-
-/path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/README b/contrib/ciabot/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 2dfe1f91f5..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-These are hook scripts for the CIA notification service at <http://cia.vc/>
-
-They are maintained by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  There is an
-upstream resource page for them at <http://www.catb.org/esr/ciabot/>,
-but they are unlikely to change rapidly.
-
-You probably want the Python version; it's faster, more capable, and
-better documented.  The shell version is maintained only as a fallback
-for use on hosting sites that don't permit Python hook scripts.
-
-See the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
deleted file mode 100755
index bd24395d4c..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Distributed under BSD terms.
-#
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-# It's Python because the Python standard libraries avoid portability/security
-# issues raised by callouts in the ancestral Perl and sh scripts.  It should
-# be compatible back to Python 2.1.5
-#
-# usage: ciabot.py [-V] [-n] [-p projectname]  [refname [commits...]]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
-# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
-# and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-# needs.
-#
-# In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
-# from most recent to oldest.
-#
-# /path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
-#
-# Configuration variables affecting this script:
-#
-# ciabot.project = name of the project
-# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-# ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true (default), ship notifications via XML-RPC
-# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-#
-# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-#
-# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
-#
-# The revformat variable may have the following values
-# raw -> full hex ID of commit
-# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-# The default is 'describe'.
-#
-# Note: the CIA project now says only XML-RPC is reliable, so
-# we default to that.
-#
-
-import os, sys, commands, socket, urllib
-from xml.sax.saxutils import escape
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#
-#urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=%(repo)s;a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/%(repo)s/commit/?id="
-
-# The service used to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it
-# will take up less space on the IRC notification line.
-tinyifier = "http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url="
-
-# The template used to generate the XML messages to CIA.  You can make
-# visible changes to the IRC-bot notification lines by hacking this.
-# The default will produce a notfication line that looks like this:
-#
-# ${project}: ${author} ${repo}:${branch} * ${rev} ${files}: ${logmsg} ${url}
-#
-# By omitting $files you can collapse the files part to a single slash.
-xml = '''\
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Python client for Git</name>
-    <version>%(version)s</version>
-    <url>%(generator)s</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>%(project)s</project>
-    <branch>%(repo)s:%(branch)s</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>%(ts)s</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>%(author)s</author>
-      <revision>%(rev)s</revision>
-      <files>
-        %(files)s
-      </files>
-      <log>%(logmsg)s %(url)s</log>
-      <url>%(url)s</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>
-'''
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Where to ship e-mail notifications.
-toaddr = "cia@cia.vc"
-
-# Identify the generator script.
-# Should only change when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator = "http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
-version = "3.6"
-
-def do(command):
-    return commands.getstatusoutput(command)[1]
-
-def report(refname, merged, xmlrpc=True):
-    "Generate a commit notification to be reported to CIA"
-
-    # Try to tinyfy a reference to a web view for this commit.
-    try:
-        url = open(urllib.urlretrieve(tinyifier + urlprefix + merged)[0]).read()
-    except:
-        url = urlprefix + merged
-
-    branch = os.path.basename(refname)
-
-    # Compute a description for the revision
-    if revformat == 'raw':
-        rev = merged
-    elif revformat == 'short':
-        rev = ''
-    else: # revformat == 'describe'
-        rev = do("git describe %s 2>/dev/null" % merged)
-    if not rev:
-        rev = merged[:12]
-
-    # Extract the meta-information for the commit
-    files=do("git diff-tree -r --name-only '"+ merged +"' | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-'")
-    metainfo = do("git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>%n%at%n%s' " + merged)
-    (author, ts, logmsg) = metainfo.split("\n")
-    logmsg = escape(logmsg)
-
-    # This discards the part of the author's address after @.
-    # Might be be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-    # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-    # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-    author = escape(author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1])
-
-    # This ignores the timezone.  Not clear what to do with it...
-    ts = ts.strip().split()[0]
-
-    context = locals()
-    context.update(globals())
-
-    out = xml % context
-    mail = '''\
-Message-ID: <%(merged)s.%(author)s@%(project)s>
-From: %(fromaddr)s
-To: %(toaddr)s
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-
-%(out)s''' % locals()
-
-    if xmlrpc:
-        return out
-    else:
-        return mail
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import getopt
-
-    # Get all config variables
-    revformat = do("git config --get ciabot.revformat")
-    project = do("git config --get ciabot.project")
-    repo = do("git config --get ciabot.repo")
-    xmlrpc = do("git config --get ciabot.xmlrpc")
-    xmlrpc = not (xmlrpc and xmlrpc == "false")
-
-    host = socket.getfqdn()
-    fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
-
-    try:
-        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:xV")
-    except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
-        print "ciabot.py: " + str(msg)
-        raise SystemExit, 1
-
-    notify = True
-    for (switch, val) in options:
-        if switch == '-p':
-            project = val
-        elif switch == '-n':
-            notify = False
-        elif switch == '-x':
-            xmlrpc = True
-        elif switch == '-V':
-            print "ciabot.py: version", version
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    # The project variable defaults to the name of the repository toplevel.
-    if not project:
-        here = os.getcwd()
-        while True:
-            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(here, ".git")):
-                project = os.path.basename(here)
-                break
-            elif here == '/':
-                sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no .git below root!\n")
-                sys.exit(1)
-            here = os.path.dirname(here)
-
-    if not repo:
-        repo = project.lower()
-
-    urlprefix = urlprefix % globals()
-
-    # The script wants a reference to head followed by the list of
-    # commit ID to report about.
-    if len(arguments) == 0:
-        refname = do("git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null")
-        merges = [do("git rev-parse HEAD")]
-    else:
-        refname = arguments[0]
-        merges = arguments[1:]
-
-    if notify:
-        if xmlrpc:
-            import xmlrpclib
-            server = xmlrpclib.Server('http://cia.vc/RPC2');
-        else:
-            import smtplib
-            server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
-
-    for merged in merges:
-        message = report(refname, merged, xmlrpc)
-        if not notify:
-            print message
-        elif xmlrpc:
-            try:
-                # RPC server is flaky, this can fail due to timeout.
-                server.hub.deliver(message)
-            except socket.error, e:
-                sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % e)
-        else:
-            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
-
-    if notify:
-        if not xmlrpc:
-            server.quit()
-
-#End
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 3fbbc534ae..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Fernando J. Pereda <ferdy@gentoo.org>
-# Copyright (c) 2008 Natanael Copa <natanael.copa@gmail.com>
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Assistance and review by Petr Baudis, author of ciabot.pl,
-# is gratefully acknowledged.
-#
-# This is a version 3.x of ciabot.sh; use -V to find the exact
-# version.  Versions 1 and 2 were shipped in 2006 and 2008 and are not
-# version-stamped.  The version 2 maintainer has passed the baton.
-#
-# Note: This script should be considered obsolete.
-# There is a faster, better-documented rewrite in Python: find it as ciabot.py
-# Use this only if your hosting site forbids Python hooks.
-# It requires: git(1), hostname(1), cut(1), sendmail(1), and wget(1).
-#
-# Originally based on Git ciabot.pl by Petr Baudis.
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-#
-# usage: ciabot.sh [-V] [-n] [-p projectname] [refname commit]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
-# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
-# and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-# needs.
-#
-# In update, you have to call it once per merged commit:
-#
-#       refname=$1
-#       oldhead=$2
-#       newhead=$3
-#       for merged in $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac) ; do
-#               /path/to/ciabot.sh ${refname} ${merged}
-#       done
-#
-# The reason for the tac call is that git rev-list emits commits from
-# most recent to least - better to ship notifactions from oldest to newest.
-#
-# Configuration variables affecting this script:
-#
-# ciabot.project = name of the project
-# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-#
-# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-#
-# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
-#
-# The revformat variable may have the following values
-# raw -> full hex ID of commit
-# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-# The default is 'describe'.
-#
-# Note: the shell ancestors of this script used mail, not XML-RPC, in
-# order to avoid stalling until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is
-# down. It is unknown whether this is still an issue in 2010, but
-# XML-RPC would be annoying to do from sh in any case. (XML-RPC does
-# have the advantage that it guarantees notification of multiple commits
-# shpped from an update in their actual order.)
-#
-
-# The project as known to CIA. You can set this with a -p option,
-# or let it default to the directory name of the repo toplevel.
-project=$(git config --get ciabot.project)
-
-if [ -z $project ]
-then
-    here=`pwd`;
-    while :; do
-	if [ -d $here/.git ]
-	then
-	    project=`basename $here`
-	    break
-	elif [ $here = '/' ]
-	then
-	    echo "ciabot.sh: no .git below root!"
-	    exit 1
-	fi
-	here=`dirname $here`
-    done
-fi
-
-# Name of the repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-repo=$(git config --get ciabot.repo)
-[ -z $repo] && repo=$(echo "${project}" | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
-
-# What revision format do we want in the summary?
-revformat=$(git config --get ciabot.revformat)
-
-# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.  You can hardwire this
-# to make the script faster. The -f option works under Linux and FreeBSD,
-# but not OpenBSD and NetBSD. But under OpenBSD and NetBSD,
-# hostname without options gives the FQDN.
-if hostname -f >/dev/null 2>&1
-then
-    hostname=`hostname -f`
-else
-    hostname=`hostname`
-fi
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=${repo};a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/${repo}/commit/?id="
-
-#
-# You probably will not need to change the following:
-#
-
-# Identify the script. The 'generator' variable should change only
-# when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot/ciabot.sh"
-version=3.5
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail
-from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${hostname}"
-to="cia@cia.vc"
-
-# SMTP client to use - may need to edit the absolute pathname for your system
-sendmail="sendmail -t -f ${from}"
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Should include all places sendmail is likely to lurk.
-PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin/"
-
-mode=mailit
-while getopts pnV opt
-do
-    case $opt in
-	p) project=$2; shift ; shift ;;
-	n) mode=dumpit; shift ;;
-	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version $version"; exit 0; shift ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-# Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-if [ -z "$project" ]
-then
-    echo "ciabot.sh: no project specified, bailing out." >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
-	refname=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-	merged=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
-else
-	refname=$1
-	merged=$2
-fi
-
-# This tries to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it will take up
-# less space on the IRC notification line. Some repo sites (I'm looking at
-# you, berlios.de!) forbid wget calls for security reasons.  On these,
-# the code will fall back to the full un-tinyfied URL.
-longurl=${urlprefix}${merged}
-url=$(wget -O - -q http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=${longurl} 2>/dev/null)
-if [ -z "$url" ]; then
-	url="${longurl}"
-fi
-
-refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
-
-case $revformat in
-raw) rev=$merged ;;
-short) rev='' ;;
-*) rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null) ;;
-esac
-[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=$(echo "$merged" | cut -c 1-12)
-
-# We discard the part of the author's address after @.
-# Might be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-# for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-# would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-author=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>' $merged)
-author=$(echo "$author" | sed -n -e '/^.*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
-
-logmessage=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%s' $merged)
-ts=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%at' $merged)
-files=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only ${merged} | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-')
-
-out="
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Shell client for Git</name>
-    <version>${version}</version>
-    <url>${generator}</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>${project}</project>
-    <branch>$repo:${refname}</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>${ts}</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>${author}</author>
-      <revision>${rev}</revision>
-      <files>
-	${files}
-      </files>
-      <log>${logmessage} ${url}</log>
-      <url>${url}</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>"
-
-if [ "$mode" = "dumpit" ]
-then
-    sendmail=cat
-fi
-
-${sendmail} << EOM
-Message-ID: <${merged}.${author}@${project}>
-From: ${from}
-To: ${to}
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-${out}
-EOM
-
-# vim: set tw=70 :
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index 0b77eb1fa4..86f77345fd 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #    *) .git/remotes file names
 #    *) git 'subcommands'
 #    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) file paths within current working directory and index
 #    *) common --long-options
 #
 # To use these routines:
@@ -32,8 +33,6 @@ esac
 # returns location of .git repo
 __gitdir ()
 {
-	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-prompt.sh
-	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
 	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
 		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
 			echo "$__git_dir"
@@ -52,19 +51,6 @@ __gitdir ()
 	fi
 }
 
-__gitcomp_1 ()
-{
-	local c IFS=$' \t\n'
-	for c in $1; do
-		c="$c$2"
-		case $c in
-		--*=*|*.) ;;
-		*) c="$c " ;;
-		esac
-		printf '%s\n' "$c"
-	done
-}
-
 # The following function is based on code from:
 #
 #   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
@@ -194,8 +180,18 @@ _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 }
 fi
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen, appending a space to possible
-# completion words, if necessary.
+__gitcompadd ()
+{
+	local i=0
+	for x in $1; do
+		if [[ "$x" == "$3"* ]]; then
+			COMPREPLY[i++]="$2$x$4"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply, appending a space to possible completion words,
+# if necessary.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -207,19 +203,25 @@ __gitcomp ()
 
 	case "$cur_" in
 	--*=)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	*)
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
-			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+		local c i=0 IFS=$' \t\n'
+		for c in $1; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			if [[ $c == "$cur_"* ]]; then
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				COMPREPLY[i++]="${2-}$c"
+			fi
+		done
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
-# completion words by appending a space to all of them.
+# Generates completion reply from newline-separated possible completion words
+# by appending a space to all of them.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words, separated by a single newline.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -230,7 +232,69 @@ __gitcomp ()
 __gitcomp_nl ()
 {
 	local IFS=$'\n'
-	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -S "${4- }" -W "$1" -- "${3-$cur}"))
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" "${4- }"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
+# completion filenames.
+# It accepts 1 to 3 arguments:
+# 1: List of possible completion filenames, separated by a single newline.
+# 2: A directory prefix to be added to each possible completion filename
+#    (optional).
+# 3: Generate possible completion matches for this word (optional).
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+
+	# XXX does not work when the directory prefix contains a tilde,
+	# since tilde expansion is not applied.
+	# This means that COMPREPLY will be empty and Bash default
+	# completion will be used.
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" ""
+
+	# use a hack to enable file mode in bash < 4
+	compopt -o filenames +o nospace 2>/dev/null ||
+	compgen -f /non-existing-dir/ > /dev/null
+}
+
+# Execute 'git ls-files', unless the --committable option is specified, in
+# which case it runs 'git diff-index' to find out the files that can be
+# committed.  It return paths relative to the directory specified in the first
+# argument, and using the options specified in the second argument.
+__git_ls_files_helper ()
+{
+	(
+		test -n "${CDPATH+set}" && unset CDPATH
+		cd "$1"
+		if [ "$2" == "--committable" ]; then
+			git diff-index --name-only --relative HEAD
+		else
+			# NOTE: $2 is not quoted in order to support multiple options
+			git ls-files --exclude-standard $2
+		fi
+	) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+
+# __git_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1: Options to pass to ls-files (required).
+# 2: A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}" file
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_ls_files_helper "$root" "$1" |
+		while read -r file; do
+			case "$file" in
+			?*/*) echo "${file%%/*}" ;;
+			*) echo "$file" ;;
+			esac
+		done | sort | uniq
+	fi
 }
 
 __git_heads ()
@@ -305,14 +369,8 @@ __git_refs ()
 		done
 		;;
 	*)
-		git ls-remote "$dir" HEAD ORIG_HEAD 'refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*' 'refs/remotes/*' 2>/dev/null | \
-		while read -r hash i; do
-			case "$i" in
-			*^{}) ;;
-			refs/*) echo "${i#refs/*/}" ;;
-			*) echo "$i" ;;
-			esac
-		done
+		echo "HEAD"
+		git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" -- "refs/remotes/$dir/" | sed -e "s#^$dir/##"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -397,7 +455,7 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
 		esac
 
-		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" 2>/dev/null \
 				| sed '/^100... blob /{
 				           s,^.*	,,
 				           s,$, ,
@@ -430,6 +488,25 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 }
 
 
+# __git_complete_index_file requires 1 argument:
+# 1: the options to pass to ls-file
+#
+# The exception is --committable, which finds the files appropriate commit.
+__git_complete_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx="" cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1" "$pfx")" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+}
+
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
@@ -455,7 +532,6 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 			case "$cmd" in
 			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 			fetch)
-				COMPREPLY=()
 				return
 				;;
 			*) ;;
@@ -471,7 +547,6 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 		return
 	fi
 	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 	fi
 	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
@@ -531,10 +606,19 @@ __git_complete_strategy ()
 	return 1
 }
 
+__git_commands () {
+	if test -n "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION:-}"
+	then
+		printf "%s" "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION}"
+	else
+		git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]'
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_list_all_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
-	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	for i in $(__git_commands)
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -563,6 +647,8 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		archimport)       : import;;
 		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
 		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ignore)     : plumbing;;
+		check-mailmap)    : plumbing;;
 		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
 		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
 		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
@@ -722,6 +808,43 @@ __git_has_doubledash ()
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Try to count non option arguments passed on the command line for the
+# specified git command.
+# When options are used, it is necessary to use the special -- option to
+# tell the implementation were non option arguments begin.
+# XXX this can not be improved, since options can appear everywhere, as
+# an example:
+#	git mv x -n y
+#
+# __git_count_arguments requires 1 argument: the git command executed.
+__git_count_arguments ()
+{
+	local word i c=0
+
+	# Skip "git" (first argument)
+	for ((i=1; i < ${#words[@]}; i++)); do
+		word="${words[i]}"
+
+		case "$word" in
+			--)
+				# Good; we can assume that the following are only non
+				# option arguments.
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			"$1")
+				# Skip the specified git command and discard git
+				# main options
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			?*)
+				((c++))
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	printf "%d" $c
+}
+
 __git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
 
 _git_am ()
@@ -745,7 +868,6 @@ _git_am ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_apply ()
@@ -765,13 +887,10 @@ _git_apply ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_add ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -780,7 +899,9 @@ _git_add ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for --update and --all options ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --modified --directory --no-empty-directory"
 }
 
 _git_archive ()
@@ -825,7 +946,6 @@ _git_bisect ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -918,9 +1038,14 @@ _git_cherry ()
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit --signoff --strategy= --mainline"
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -930,15 +1055,15 @@ _git_cherry_pick ()
 
 _git_clean ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for -x option ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --directory"
 }
 
 _git_clone ()
@@ -964,12 +1089,16 @@ _git_clone ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_commit ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
+	case "$prev" in
+	-c|-C)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur}"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
@@ -998,7 +1127,13 @@ _git_commit ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if git rev-parse --verify --quiet HEAD >/dev/null; then
+		__git_complete_index_file "--committable"
+	else
+		# This is the first commit
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_describe ()
@@ -1014,6 +1149,8 @@ _git_describe ()
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+__git_diff_algorithms="myers minimal patience histogram"
+
 __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
 			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
@@ -1024,10 +1161,11 @@ __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--no-ext-diff
 			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 			--inter-hunk-context=
-			--patience
-			--raw
+			--patience --histogram --minimal
+			--raw --word-diff
 			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
 			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+			--diff-algorithm=
 "
 
 _git_diff ()
@@ -1035,6 +1173,10 @@ _git_diff ()
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
 			--base --ours --theirs --no-index
@@ -1068,7 +1210,7 @@ _git_difftool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 __git_fetch_options="
@@ -1088,11 +1230,12 @@ _git_fetch ()
 }
 
 __git_format_patch_options="
-	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --output-directory
+	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
 	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
 	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
 	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
+	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
 "
 
 _git_format_patch ()
@@ -1123,7 +1266,6 @@ _git_fsck ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gc ()
@@ -1134,7 +1276,6 @@ _git_gc ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gitk ()
@@ -1211,13 +1352,10 @@ _git_init ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_ls_files ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1230,7 +1368,10 @@ _git_ls_files ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX ignore options like --modified and always suggest all cached
+	# files.
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_ls_remote ()
@@ -1346,7 +1487,6 @@ _git_mergetool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_merge_base ()
@@ -1362,7 +1502,14 @@ _git_mv ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if [ $(__git_count_arguments "mv") -gt 0 ]; then
+		# We need to show both cached and untracked files (including
+		# empty directories) since this may not be the last argument.
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached --others --directory"
+	else
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_name_rev ()
@@ -1553,7 +1700,7 @@ __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
 		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
-		--global|--system|--file=*)
+		--system|--global|--local|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
 			break
 			;;
@@ -1580,7 +1727,7 @@ __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 _git_config ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
-	branch.*.remote)
+	branch.*.remote|branch.*.pushremote)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1588,11 +1735,19 @@ _git_config ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		return
 		;;
+	branch.*.rebase)
+		__gitcomp "false true"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.pushdefault)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
 		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		if [ -z "$cur" ]; then
-			COMPREPLY=("refs/heads/")
+			__gitcomp_nl "refs/heads/" "" "" ""
 			return
 		fi
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
@@ -1627,6 +1782,10 @@ _git_config ()
 			"
 		return
 		;;
+	diff.submodule)
+		__gitcomp "log short"
+		return
+		;;
 	help.format)
 		__gitcomp "man info web html"
 		return
@@ -1652,14 +1811,13 @@ _git_config ()
 		return
 		;;
 	*.*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--global --system --file=
+			--system --global --local --file=
 			--list --replace-all
 			--get --get-all --get-regexp
 			--add --unset --unset-all
@@ -1669,7 +1827,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		;;
 	branch.*.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur##*.}"
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		__gitcomp "remote pushremote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*)
@@ -1800,7 +1958,6 @@ _git_config ()
 		core.fileMode
 		core.fsyncobjectfiles
 		core.gitProxy
-		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
 		core.ignoreStat
 		core.ignorecase
 		core.logAllRefUpdates
@@ -1822,16 +1979,18 @@ _git_config ()
 		core.whitespace
 		core.worktree
 		diff.autorefreshindex
-		diff.statGraphWidth
 		diff.external
 		diff.ignoreSubmodules
 		diff.mnemonicprefix
 		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
 		diff.renames
+		diff.statGraphWidth
+		diff.submodule
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
+		diff.algorithm
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
 		fetch.recurseSubmodules
@@ -1962,6 +2121,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
 		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remote.pushdefault
 		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
@@ -2032,7 +2192,6 @@ _git_remote ()
 		__gitcomp "$c"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -2068,15 +2227,14 @@ _git_revert ()
 
 _git_rm ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_shortlog ()
@@ -2106,6 +2264,10 @@ _git_show ()
 			" "" "${cur#*=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
 			$__git_diff_common_options
@@ -2113,7 +2275,7 @@ _git_show ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 _git_show_branch ()
@@ -2145,8 +2307,6 @@ _git_stash ()
 		*)
 			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
 				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-			else
-				COMPREPLY=()
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -2159,14 +2319,12 @@ _git_stash ()
 			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
 			;;
 		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
 					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2176,7 +2334,7 @@ _git_submodule ()
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	local subcommands="add status init deinit update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
@@ -2208,7 +2366,7 @@ _git_svn ()
 			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
 			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
 			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
-			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			--ignore-paths= --include-paths= $remote_opts
 			"
 		local init_opts="
 			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
@@ -2283,7 +2441,6 @@ _git_svn ()
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2308,13 +2465,10 @@ _git_tag ()
 
 	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	-*|tag)
 		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_tags)"
-		else
-			COMPREPLY=()
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -2336,9 +2490,10 @@ __git_main ()
 		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
+		--git-dir)   ((c++)) ; __git_dir="${words[c]}" ;;
 		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
 		--help) command="help"; break ;;
-		-c) c=$((++c)) ;;
+		-c|--work-tree|--namespace) ((c++)) ;;
 		-*) ;;
 		*) command="$i"; break ;;
 		esac
@@ -2356,6 +2511,7 @@ __git_main ()
 			--exec-path
 			--exec-path=
 			--html-path
+			--man-path
 			--info-path
 			--work-tree=
 			--namespace=
@@ -2424,7 +2580,7 @@ if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
 				--*=*|*.) ;;
 				*) c="$c " ;;
 				esac
-				array+=("$c")
+				array[${#array[@]}+1]="$c"
 			done
 			compset -P '*[=:]'
 			compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
@@ -2441,22 +2597,23 @@ if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
 		compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
 	}
 
-	__git_zsh_helper ()
+	__gitcomp_file ()
 	{
-		emulate -L ksh
-		local cur cword prev
-		cur=${words[CURRENT-1]}
-		prev=${words[CURRENT-2]}
-		let cword=CURRENT-1
-		__${service}_main
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
 	}
 
 	_git ()
 	{
-		emulate -L zsh
-		local _ret=1
-		__git_zsh_helper
-		let _ret && _default -S '' && _ret=0
+		local _ret=1 cur cword prev
+		cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+		prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+		let cword=CURRENT-1
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+		let _ret && _default && _ret=0
 		return _ret
 	}
 
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
index 8aafb63315..eaacaf0c3e 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #
 # To use this completion script:
 #
+#    0) You need tcsh 6.16.00 or newer.
 #    1) Copy both this file and the bash completion script to ${HOME}.
 #       You _must_ use the name ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash for the
 #       bash script.
@@ -24,6 +25,15 @@
 #        set autolist=ambiguous
 #       It will tell tcsh to list the possible completion choices.
 
+set __git_tcsh_completion_version = `\echo ${tcsh} | \sed 's/\./ /g'`
+if ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} < 6 || \
+     ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} == 6 && \
+       ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[2]} < 16 ) ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Your version of tcsh is too old, you need version 6.16.00 or newer.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_version
+
 set __git_tcsh_completion_original_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash
 set __git_tcsh_completion_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.tcsh.bash
 
@@ -42,6 +52,18 @@ cat << EOF > ${__git_tcsh_completion_script}
 
 source ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}
 
+# Remove the colon as a completion separator because tcsh cannot handle it
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=\${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+# For file completion, tcsh needs the '/' to be appended to directories.
+# By default, the bash script does not do that.
+# We can achieve this by using the below compatibility
+# method of the git-completion.bash script.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+}
+
 # Set COMP_WORDS in a way that can be handled by the bash script.
 COMP_WORDS=(\$2)
 
@@ -64,9 +86,7 @@ fi
 _\${1}
 
 IFS=\$'\n'
-if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -gt 0 ]; then
-	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
-else
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 0 ]; then
 	# No completions suggested.  In this case, we want tcsh to perform
 	# standard file completion.  However, there does not seem to be way
 	# to tell tcsh to do that.  To help the user, we try to simulate
@@ -85,19 +105,20 @@ else
 		# We don't support ~ expansion: too tricky.
 		if [ "\${TO_COMPLETE:0:1}" != "~" ]; then
 			# Use ls so as to add the '/' at the end of directories.
-			RESULT=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
-			echo \${RESULT[*]}
-
-			# If there is a single completion and it is a directory,
-			# we output it a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space
-			# after it.
-			if [ \${#RESULT[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${RESULT[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
-				echo \${RESULT[*]}
-			fi
+			COMPREPLY=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
 		fi
 	fi
 fi
 
+# tcsh does not automatically remove duplicates, so we do it ourselves
+echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
+
+# If there is a single completion and it is a directory, we output it
+# a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space after it.
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${COMPREPLY[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
+	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}"
+fi
+
 EOF
 
 # Don't need this variable anymore, so don't pollute the users environment
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
index 45775021ff..fac5e711eb 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
@@ -2,18 +2,19 @@
 
 # zsh completion wrapper for git
 #
-# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default on the
-# same directory as this script.
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
 #
-# If your script is on ~/.git-completion.sh instead, you can configure it on
-# your ~/.zshrc:
+# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default it
+# would be the location bash-completion uses.
+#
+# If your script is somewhere else, you can configure it on your ~/.zshrc:
 #
 #  zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' script ~/.git-completion.sh
 #
-# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to
-# '~/.zsh/completion/_git', and then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
+# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to '~/.zsh/_git', and
+# then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
 #
-#  fpath=(~/.zsh/completion $fpath)
+#  fpath=(~/.zsh $fpath)
 
 complete ()
 {
@@ -21,8 +22,23 @@ complete ()
 	return 0
 }
 
+zstyle -T ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order && \
+	zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order 'common-commands'
+
 zstyle -s ":completion:*:*:git:*" script script
-test -z "$script" && script="$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})"/git-completion.bash
+if [ -z "$script" ]; then
+	local -a locations
+	local e
+	locations=(
+		'/etc/bash_completion.d/git' # fedora, old debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git' # arch, ubuntu, new debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/git' # gentoo
+		$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})/git-completion.bash
+		)
+	for e in $locations; do
+		test -f $e && script="$e" && break
+	done
+fi
 ZSH_VERSION='' . "$script"
 
 __gitcomp ()
@@ -60,18 +76,140 @@ __gitcomp_nl ()
 	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
 }
 
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_bash_func ()
+{
+	emulate -L ksh
+
+	local command=$1
+
+	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+	fi
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_common ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(
+	add:'add file contents to the index'
+	bisect:'find by binary search the change that introduced a bug'
+	branch:'list, create, or delete branches'
+	checkout:'checkout a branch or paths to the working tree'
+	clone:'clone a repository into a new directory'
+	commit:'record changes to the repository'
+	diff:'show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc'
+	fetch:'download objects and refs from another repository'
+	grep:'print lines matching a pattern'
+	init:'create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one'
+	log:'show commit logs'
+	merge:'join two or more development histories together'
+	mv:'move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink'
+	pull:'fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch'
+	push:'update remote refs along with associated objects'
+	rebase:'forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head'
+	reset:'reset current HEAD to the specified state'
+	rm:'remove files from the working tree and from the index'
+	show:'show various types of objects'
+	status:'show the working tree status'
+	tag:'create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG')
+	_describe -t common-commands 'common commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_alias ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(${${${(0)"$(git config -z --get-regexp '^alias\.')"}#alias.}%$'\n'*})
+	_describe -t alias-commands 'aliases' list $* && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_all ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	emulate ksh -c __git_compute_all_commands
+	list=( ${=__git_all_commands} )
+	_describe -t all-commands 'all commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_main ()
+{
+	local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
+	typeset -A opt_args
+	local -a orig_words
+
+	orig_words=( ${words[@]} )
+
+	_arguments -C \
+		'(-p --paginate --no-pager)'{-p,--paginate}'[pipe all output into ''less'']' \
+		'(-p --paginate)--no-pager[do not pipe git output into a pager]' \
+		'--git-dir=-[set the path to the repository]: :_directories' \
+		'--bare[treat the repository as a bare repository]' \
+		'(- :)--version[prints the git suite version]' \
+		'--exec-path=-[path to where your core git programs are installed]:: :_directories' \
+		'--html-path[print the path where git''s HTML documentation is installed]' \
+		'--info-path[print the path where the Info files are installed]' \
+		'--man-path[print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages]' \
+		'--work-tree=-[set the path to the working tree]: :_directories' \
+		'--namespace=-[set the git namespace]' \
+		'--no-replace-objects[do not use replacement refs to replace git objects]' \
+		'(- :)--help[prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands]: :->arg' \
+		'(-): :->command' \
+		'(-)*:: :->arg' && return
+
+	case $state in
+	(command)
+		_alternative \
+                         'alias-commands:alias:__git_zsh_cmd_alias' \
+                         'common-commands:common:__git_zsh_cmd_common' \
+                         'all-commands:all:__git_zsh_cmd_all' && _ret=0
+		;;
+	(arg)
+		local command="${words[1]}" __git_dir
+
+		if (( $+opt_args[--bare] )); then
+			__git_dir='.'
+		else
+			__git_dir=${opt_args[--git-dir]}
+		fi
+
+		(( $+opt_args[--help] )) && command='help'
+
+		words=( ${orig_words[@]} )
+
+		__git_zsh_bash_func $command
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
 _git ()
 {
 	local _ret=1
-	() {
-		emulate -L ksh
-		local cur cword prev
-		cur=${words[CURRENT-1]}
-		prev=${words[CURRENT-2]}
-		let cword=CURRENT-1
-		__${service}_main
-	}
-	let _ret && _default -S '' && _ret=0
+	local cur cword prev
+
+	cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+	prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+	let cword=CURRENT-1
+
+	if (( $+functions[__${service}_zsh_main] )); then
+		__${service}_zsh_main
+	else
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+	fi
+
+	let _ret && _default && _ret=0
 	return _ret
 }
 
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
index 9bef0531c5..d6c61b2bde 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
 # Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
 #
-# This script allows you to see the current branch in your prompt.
+# This script allows you to see repository status in your prompt.
 #
 # To enable:
 #
@@ -13,23 +13,27 @@
 #    3a) Change your PS1 to call __git_ps1 as
 #        command-substitution:
 #        Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#        ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        ZSH:  setopt PROMPT_SUBST ; PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
 #        the optional argument will be used as format string.
-#    3b) Alternatively, if you are using bash, __git_ps1 can be
-#        used for PROMPT_COMMAND with two parameters, <pre> and
-#        <post>, which are strings you would put in $PS1 before
-#        and after the status string generated by the git-prompt
-#        machinery.  e.g.
-#           PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
-#        will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
-#        various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
-#        your prompt.
+#    3b) Alternatively, for a slightly faster prompt, __git_ps1 can
+#        be used for PROMPT_COMMAND in Bash or for precmd() in Zsh
+#        with two parameters, <pre> and <post>, which are strings
+#        you would put in $PS1 before and after the status string
+#        generated by the git-prompt machinery.  e.g.
+#        Bash: PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
+#          will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
+#          various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
+#          your prompt.
+#        ZSH:  precmd () { __git_ps1 "%n" ":%~$ " "|%s" }
+#          will show username, pipe, then various status string,
+#          followed by colon, cwd, dollar and SP, as your prompt.
 #        Optionally, you can supply a third argument with a printf
 #        format string to finetune the output of the branch status
 #
-# The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you are currently
-# in a git repository.  The %s token will be the name of the current
-# branch.
+# The repository status will be displayed only if you are currently in a
+# git repository. The %s token is the placeholder for the shown status.
+#
+# The prompt status always includes the current branch name.
 #
 # In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty value,
 # unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next to the branch
@@ -43,7 +47,10 @@
 #
 # If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can set
 # GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're untracked
-# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
+# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.  You can
+# configure this per-repository with the bash.showUntrackedFiles
+# variable, which defaults to true once GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES is
+# enabled.
 #
 # If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its upstream,
 # set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates you are behind, ">"
@@ -74,31 +81,12 @@
 #
 # If you would like a colored hint about the current dirty state, set
 # GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS to a nonempty value. The colors are based on
-# the colored output of "git status -sb".
+# the colored output of "git status -sb" and are available only when
+# using __git_ps1 for PROMPT_COMMAND or precmd.
 
-# __gitdir accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., location)
-# returns location of .git repo
-__gitdir ()
-{
-	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-completion.bash
-	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
-	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
-		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
-			echo "$__git_dir"
-		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
-			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
-			echo "$GIT_DIR"
-		elif [ -d .git ]; then
-			echo .git
-		else
-			git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null
-		fi
-	elif [ -d "$1/.git" ]; then
-		echo "$1/.git"
-	else
-		echo "$1"
-	fi
-}
+# check whether printf supports -v
+__git_printf_supports_v=
+printf -v __git_printf_supports_v -- '%s' yes >/dev/null 2>&1
 
 # stores the divergence from upstream in $p
 # used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
@@ -121,7 +109,7 @@ __git_ps1_show_upstream ()
 			fi
 			;;
 		svn-remote.*.url)
-			svn_remote[ $((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1)) ]="$value"
+			svn_remote[$((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1))]="$value"
 			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
 			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
 			;;
@@ -143,10 +131,11 @@ __git_ps1_show_upstream ()
 	svn*)
 		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
 		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
-		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
+		local -a svn_upstream
+		svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
 					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
 		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2]}
 			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
 			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
 			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
@@ -219,6 +208,51 @@ __git_ps1_show_upstream ()
 
 }
 
+# Helper function that is meant to be called from __git_ps1.  It
+# injects color codes into the appropriate gitstring variables used
+# to build a gitstring.
+__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring ()
+{
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		local c_red='%F{red}'
+		local c_green='%F{green}'
+		local c_lblue='%F{blue}'
+		local c_clear='%f'
+	else
+		# Using \[ and \] around colors is necessary to prevent
+		# issues with command line editing/browsing/completion!
+		local c_red='\[\e[31m\]'
+		local c_green='\[\e[32m\]'
+		local c_lblue='\[\e[1;34m\]'
+		local c_clear='\[\e[0m\]'
+	fi
+	local bad_color=$c_red
+	local ok_color=$c_green
+	local flags_color="$c_lblue"
+
+	local branch_color=""
+	if [ $detached = no ]; then
+		branch_color="$ok_color"
+	else
+		branch_color="$bad_color"
+	fi
+	c="$branch_color$c"
+
+	z="$c_clear$z"
+	if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
+		w="$bad_color$w"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$i" ]; then
+		i="$ok_color$i"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$s" ]; then
+		s="$flags_color$s"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$u" ]; then
+		u="$bad_color$u"
+	fi
+	r="$c_clear$r"
+}
 
 # __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
 # when called from PS1 using command substitution
@@ -251,39 +285,83 @@ __git_ps1 ()
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	local g="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -z "$g" ]; then
+	local repo_info rev_parse_exit_code
+	repo_info="$(git rev-parse --git-dir --is-inside-git-dir \
+		--is-bare-repository --is-inside-work-tree \
+		--short HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	rev_parse_exit_code="$?"
+
+	if [ -z "$repo_info" ]; then
 		if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
 			#In PC mode PS1 always needs to be set
 			PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
 		fi
-	else
-		local r=""
-		local b=""
+		return
+	fi
+
+	local short_sha
+	if [ "$rev_parse_exit_code" = "0" ]; then
+		short_sha="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+		repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	fi
+	local inside_worktree="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local bare_repo="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local inside_gitdir="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	local g="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+
+	local r=""
+	local b=""
+	local step=""
+	local total=""
+	if [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+		read b 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/head-name"
+		read step 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/msgnum"
+		read total 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/end"
 		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
 			r="|REBASE-i"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+		else
 			r="|REBASE-m"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+			read step 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/next"
+			read total 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/last"
+			if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+				read b 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/head-name"
+				r="|REBASE"
+			elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+				r="|AM"
+			else
+				r="|AM/REBASE"
+			fi
+		elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|MERGING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/REVERT_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|REVERTING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+			r="|BISECTING"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "$b" ]; then
+			:
+		elif [ -h "$g/HEAD" ]; then
+			# symlink symbolic ref
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
 		else
-			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
-				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
-					r="|REBASE"
-				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
-					r="|AM"
-				else
-					r="|AM/REBASE"
+			local head=""
+			if ! read head 2>/dev/null <"$g/HEAD"; then
+				if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+					PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
 				fi
-			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|MERGING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
-				r="|BISECTING"
+				return
 			fi
-
-			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
+			# is it a symbolic ref?
+			b="${head#ref: }"
+			if [ "$head" = "$b" ]; then
 				detached=yes
 				b="$(
 				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
@@ -297,99 +375,75 @@ __git_ps1 ()
 					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
 				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
 
-				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
-				b="unknown"
+				b="$short_sha..."
 				b="($b)"
-			}
+			fi
 		fi
+	fi
 
-		local w=""
-		local i=""
-		local s=""
-		local u=""
-		local c=""
-		local p=""
+	if [ -n "$step" ] && [ -n "$total" ]; then
+		r="$r $step/$total"
+	fi
+
+	local w=""
+	local i=""
+	local s=""
+	local u=""
+	local c=""
+	local p=""
 
-		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-				c="BARE:"
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_gitdir" ]; then
+		if [ "true" = "$bare_repo" ]; then
+			c="BARE:"
+		else
+			b="GIT_DIR!"
+		fi
+	elif [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]
+		then
+			git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
+			if [ -n "$short_sha" ]; then
+				git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
 			else
-				b="GIT_DIR!"
-			fi
-		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
-				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
-					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
-					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
-						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
-					else
-						i="#"
-					fi
-				fi
-			fi
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
-				git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
+				i="#"
 			fi
+		fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ -r "$g/refs/stash" ]; then
+			s="$"
+		fi
 
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
-				if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
-					u="%"
-				fi
-			fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showUntrackedFiles)" != "false" ] &&
+		   git ls-files --others --exclude-standard --error-unmatch -- '*' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+		then
+			u="%${ZSH_VERSION+%}"
+		fi
 
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
-				__git_ps1_show_upstream
-			fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
+			__git_ps1_show_upstream
 		fi
+	fi
 
-		local f="$w$i$s$u"
-		if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
-			local gitstring=
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
-				local c_red='\e[31m'
-				local c_green='\e[32m'
-				local c_lblue='\e[1;34m'
-				local c_clear='\e[0m'
-				local bad_color=$c_red
-				local ok_color=$c_green
-				local branch_color="$c_clear"
-				local flags_color="$c_lblue"
-				local branchstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}"
+	local z="${GIT_PS1_STATESEPARATOR-" "}"
 
-				if [ $detached = no ]; then
-					branch_color="$ok_color"
-				else
-					branch_color="$bad_color"
-				fi
+	# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
+		__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring
+	fi
 
-				# Setting gitstring directly with \[ and \] around colors
-				# is necessary to prevent wrapping issues!
-				gitstring="\[$branch_color\]$branchstring\[$c_clear\]"
+	local f="$w$i$s$u"
+	local gitstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+$z$f}$r$p"
 
-				if [ -n "$w$i$s$u$r$p" ]; then
-					gitstring="$gitstring "
-				fi
-				if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
-					gitstring="$gitstring\[$bad_color\]$w"
-				fi
-				if [ -n "$i" ]; then
-					gitstring="$gitstring\[$ok_color\]$i"
-				fi
-				if [ -n "$s" ]; then
-					gitstring="$gitstring\[$flags_color\]$s"
-				fi
-				if [ -n "$u" ]; then
-					gitstring="$gitstring\[$bad_color\]$u"
-				fi
-				gitstring="$gitstring\[$c_clear\]$r$p"
-			else
-				gitstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
-			fi
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+		if [ "${__git_printf_supports_v-}" != yes ]; then
 			gitstring=$(printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring")
-			PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
 		else
-			# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
-			printf -- "$printf_format" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
+			printf -v gitstring -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
 		fi
+		PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
+	else
+		printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
 	fi
 }
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..428cc1a9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# List people who might be interested in a patch.  Useful as the argument to
+# git-send-email --cc-cmd option, and in other situations.
+#
+# Usage: git contacts <file | rev-list option> ...
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+my $since = '5-years-ago';
+my $min_percent = 10;
+my $labels_rx = qr/Signed-off-by|Reviewed-by|Acked-by|Cc/i;
+my %seen;
+
+sub format_contact {
+	my ($name, $email) = @_;
+	return "$name <$email>";
+}
+
+sub parse_commit {
+	my ($commit, $data) = @_;
+	my $contacts = $commit->{contacts};
+	my $inbody = 0;
+	for (split(/^/m, $data)) {
+		if (not $inbody) {
+			if (/^author ([^<>]+) <(\S+)> .+$/) {
+				$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+			} elsif (/^$/) {
+				$inbody = 1;
+			}
+		} elsif (/^$labels_rx:\s+([^<>]+)\s+<(\S+?)>$/o) {
+			$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub import_commits {
+	my ($commits) = @_;
+	return unless %$commits;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git cat-file --batch);
+	for my $id (keys(%$commits)) {
+		print $writer "$id\n";
+		my $line = <$reader>;
+		if ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) commit (\d+)/) {
+			my ($cid, $len) = ($1, $2);
+			die "expected $id but got $cid\n" unless $id eq $cid;
+			my $data;
+			# cat-file emits newline after data, so read len+1
+			read $reader, $data, $len + 1;
+			parse_commit($commits->{$id}, $data);
+		}
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-cat-file error: $?\n" if $?;
+}
+
+sub get_blame {
+	my ($commits, $source, $from, $ranges) = @_;
+	return unless @$ranges;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git blame --porcelain -C),
+		map({"-L$_->[0],+$_->[1]"} @$ranges),
+		'--since', $since, "$from^", '--', $source or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^([0-9a-f]{40}) \d+ \d+ \d+$/) {
+			my $id = $1;
+			$commits->{$id} = { id => $id, contacts => {} }
+				unless $seen{$id};
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub blame_sources {
+	my ($sources, $commits) = @_;
+	for my $s (keys %$sources) {
+		for my $id (keys %{$sources->{$s}}) {
+			get_blame($commits, $s, $id, $sources->{$s}{$id});
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patches {
+	my ($sources, $id, $f) = @_;
+	my $source;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^From ([0-9a-f]{40}) Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001$/) {
+			$id = $1;
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+		next unless $id;
+		if (m{^--- (?:a/(.+)|/dev/null)$}) {
+			$source = $1;
+		} elsif (/^--- /) {
+			die "Cannot parse hunk source: $_\n";
+		} elsif (/^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?/ && $source) {
+			my $len = defined($2) ? $2 : 1;
+			push @{$sources->{$source}{$id}}, [$1, $len] if $len;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patch_file {
+	my ($commits, $file) = @_;
+	open my $f, '<', $file or die "read failure: $file: $!\n";
+	scan_patches($commits, undef, $f);
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub parse_rev_args {
+	my @args = @_;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git rev-parse --revs-only --default HEAD --symbolic), @args
+		or die;
+	my @revs;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		push @revs, $_;
+	}
+	close $f;
+	return @revs if scalar(@revs) != 1;
+	return "^$revs[0]", 'HEAD' unless $revs[0] =~ /^-/;
+	return $revs[0], 'HEAD';
+}
+
+sub scan_rev_args {
+	my ($commits, $args) = @_;
+	my @revs = parse_rev_args(@$args);
+	open my $f, '-|', qw(git rev-list --reverse), @revs or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		my $id = $_;
+		$seen{$id} = 1;
+		open my $g, '-|', qw(git show -C --oneline), $id or die;
+		scan_patches($commits, $id, $g);
+		close $g;
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub mailmap_contacts {
+	my ($contacts) = @_;
+	my %mapped;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git check-mailmap --stdin);
+	for my $contact (keys(%$contacts)) {
+		print $writer "$contact\n";
+		my $canonical = <$reader>;
+		chomp $canonical;
+		$mapped{$canonical} += $contacts->{$contact};
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-check-mailmap error: $?\n" if $?;
+	return \%mapped;
+}
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	die "No input revisions or patch files\n";
+}
+
+my (@files, @rev_args);
+for (@ARGV) {
+	if (-e) {
+		push @files, $_;
+	} else {
+		push @rev_args, $_;
+	}
+}
+
+my %sources;
+for (@files) {
+	scan_patch_file(\%sources, $_);
+}
+if (@rev_args) {
+	scan_rev_args(\%sources, \@rev_args)
+}
+
+my $toplevel = `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`;
+chomp $toplevel;
+chdir($toplevel) or die "chdir failure: $toplevel: $!\n";
+
+my %commits;
+blame_sources(\%sources, \%commits);
+import_commits(\%commits);
+
+my $contacts = {};
+for my $commit (values %commits) {
+	for my $contact (keys %{$commit->{contacts}}) {
+		$contacts->{$contact}++;
+	}
+}
+$contacts = mailmap_contacts($contacts);
+
+my $ncommits = scalar(keys %commits);
+for my $contact (keys %$contacts) {
+	my $percent = $contacts->{$contact} * 100 / $ncommits;
+	next if $percent < $min_percent;
+	print "$contact\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd914d1261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+git-contacts(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-contacts - List people who might be interested in a set of changes
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git contacts' (<patch>|<range>|<rev>)...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Given a set of changes, specified as patch files or revisions, determine people
+who might be interested in those changes.  This is done by consulting the
+history of each patch or revision hunk to find people mentioned by commits
+which touched the lines of files under consideration.
+
+Input consists of one or more patch files or revision arguments.  A revision
+argument can be a range or a single `<rev>` which is interpreted as
+`<rev>..HEAD`, thus the same revision arguments are accepted as for
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1]. Patch files and revision arguments can be combined
+in the same invocation.
+
+This command can be useful for determining the list of people with whom to
+discuss proposed changes, or for finding the list of recipients to Cc: when
+submitting a patch series via `git send-email`. For the latter case, `git
+contacts` can be used as the argument to `git send-email`'s `--cc-cmd` option.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+`git blame` is invoked for each hunk in a patch file or revision.  For each
+commit mentioned by `git blame`, the commit message is consulted for people who
+authored, reviewed, signed, acknowledged, or were Cc:'d.  Once the list of
+participants is known, each person's relevance is computed by considering how
+many commits mentioned that person compared with the total number of commits
+under consideration.  The final output consists only of participants who exceed
+a minimum threshold of participation.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each person of interest, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.
+If the person's name is known, ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is printed; otherwise
+only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Consult patch files:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+* Revision range:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts R1..R2
+------------
+
+* From a single revision to `HEAD`:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts origin
+------------
+
+* Helper for `git send-email`:
++
+------------
+$ git send-email --cc-cmd='git contacts' feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+
+LIMITATIONS
+-----------
+
+Several conditions controlling a person's significance are currently
+hard-coded, such as minimum participation level (10%), blame date-limiting (5
+years), and `-C` level for detecting moved and copied lines (a single `-C`). In
+the future, these conditions may become configurable.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
deleted file mode 100644
index 4009a151de..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,503 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A daemon that waits for update events sent by its companion
-# post-receive-cinotify hook, checks out a new copy of source,
-# compiles it, and emails the guilty parties if the compile
-# (and optionally test suite) fails.
-#
-# To use this daemon, configure it and run it.  It will disconnect
-# from your terminal and fork into the background.  The daemon must
-# have local filesystem access to the source repositories, as it
-# uses objects/info/alternates to avoid copying objects.
-#
-# Add its companion post-receive-cinotify hook as the post-receive
-# hook to each repository that the daemon should monitor.  Yes, a
-# single daemon can monitor more than one repository.
-#
-# To use multiple daemons on the same system, give them each a
-# unique queue file and tmpdir.
-#
-# Global Config
-# -------------
-# Reads from a Git style configuration file.  This will be
-# ~/.gitconfig by default but can be overridden by setting
-# the GIT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable before starting.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpHost
-#   Hostname of the SMTP server the daemon will send email
-#   through.  Defaults to 'localhost'.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpUser
-#   Username to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional; if it is not supplied then no
-#   authentication will be performed.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpPassword
-#   Password to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional.  If not supplied but smtpUser was,
-#   the daemon prompts for the password before forking into
-#   the background.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpAuth
-#   Type of authentication to perform with the SMTP server.
-#   If set to 'login' and smtpUser was defined, this will
-#   use the AUTH LOGIN command, which is suitable for use
-#   with at least one version of Microsoft Exchange Server.
-#   If not set the daemon will use whatever auth methods
-#   are supported by your version of Net::SMTP.
-#
-# cidaemon.email
-#   Email address that daemon generated emails will be sent
-#   from.  This should be a useful email address within your
-#   organization.  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.name
-#   Human friendly name that the daemon will send emails as.
-#   Defaults to 'cidaemon'.
-#
-# cidaemon.scanDelay
-#   Number of seconds to sleep between polls of the queue file.
-#   Defaults to 60.
-#
-# cidaemon.recentCache
-#   Number of recent commit SHA-1s per repository to cache and
-#   skip building if they appear again.  This is useful to avoid
-#   rebuilding the same commit multiple times just because it was
-#   pushed into more than one branch.  Defaults to 100.
-#
-# cidaemon.tmpdir
-#   Scratch directory to create the builds within.  The daemon
-#   makes a new subdirectory for each build, then deletes it when
-#   the build has finished.  The pid file is also placed here.
-#   Defaults to '/tmp'.
-#
-# cidaemon.queue
-#   Path to the queue file that the post-receive-cinotify hook
-#   appends events to.  This file is polled by the daemon.  It
-#   must not be on an NFS mount (uses flock).  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.nocc
-#   Perl regex patterns to match against author and committer
-#   lines.  If a pattern matches, that author or committer will
-#   not be notified of a build failure.
-#
-# Per Repository Config
-# ----------------------
-# Read from the source repository's config file.
-#
-# builder.command
-#   Shell command to execute the build.  This command must
-#   return 0 on "success" and non-zero on failure.  If you
-#   also want to run a test suite, make sure your command
-#   does that too.  Required.
-#
-# builder.queue
-#   Queue file to notify the cidaemon through.  Should match
-#   cidaemon.queue.  If not set the hook will not notify the
-#   cidaemon.
-#
-# builder.skip
-#   Perl regex patterns of refs that should not be sent to
-#   cidaemon.  Updates of these refs will be ignored.
-#
-# builder.newBranchBase
-#   Glob patterns of refs that should be used to form the
-#   'old' revions of a newly created ref.  This should set
-#   to be globs that match your 'mainline' branches.  This
-#   way a build failure of a brand new topic branch does not
-#   attempt to email everyone since the beginning of time;
-#   instead it only emails those authors of commits not in
-#   these 'mainline' branches.
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = join ':', qw(
-	/opt/git/bin
-	/usr/bin
-	/bin
-	);
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use FindBin qw($RealBin);
-use File::Spec;
-use lib File::Spec->catfile($RealBin, '..', 'perl5');
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-use POSIX qw(strftime);
-use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev auto_help);
-
-sub git_config ($;$)
-{
-	my $var = shift;
-	my $required = shift || 0;
-	local *GIT;
-	open GIT, '-|','git','config','--get',$var;
-	my $r = <GIT>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close GIT;
-	die "error: $var not set.\n" if ($required && !$r);
-	return $r;
-}
-
-package EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP;
-
-# Microsoft Exchange Server requires an 'AUTH LOGIN'
-# style of authentication.  This is different from
-# the default supported by Net::SMTP so we subclass
-# and override the auth method to support that.
-
-use Net::SMTP;
-use Net::Cmd;
-use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
-our @ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);
-our $auth_type = ::git_config 'cidaemon.smtpAuth';
-
-sub new
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	my $type = ref($self) || $self;
-	$type->SUPER::new(@_);
-}
-
-sub auth
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	return $self->SUPER::auth(@_) unless $auth_type eq 'login';
-
-	my $user = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	my $pass = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command("AUTH LOGIN")->response;
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command($user)->response;
-	CMD_OK == $self->command($pass)->response;
-}
-
-package main;
-
-my ($debug_flag, %recent);
-
-my $ex_host = git_config('cidaemon.smtpHost') || 'localhost';
-my $ex_user = git_config('cidaemon.smtpUser');
-my $ex_pass = git_config('cidaemon.smtpPassword');
-
-my $ex_from_addr = git_config('cidaemon.email', 1);
-my $ex_from_name = git_config('cidaemon.name') || 'cidaemon';
-
-my $scan_delay = git_config('cidaemon.scanDelay') || 60;
-my $recent_size = git_config('cidaemon.recentCache') || 100;
-my $tmpdir = git_config('cidaemon.tmpdir') || '/tmp';
-my $queue_name = git_config('cidaemon.queue', 1);
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @nocc_list;
-open GIT,'git config --get-all cidaemon.nocc|';
-while (<GIT>) {
-	chop;
-	push @nocc_list, $_;
-}
-close GIT;
-
-sub nocc_author ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $pat (@nocc_list) {
-		return 1 if /$pat/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-sub input_echo ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub input_noecho ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	my $end = sub {system('stty','echo');print "\n";exit};
-	local $SIG{TERM} = $end;
-	local $SIG{INT} = $end;
-	system('stty','-echo');
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	system('stty','echo');
-	print "\n";
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub rfc2822_date ()
-{
-	 strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime);
-}
-
-sub send_email ($$$)
-{
-	my ($subj, $body, $to) = @_;
-	my $now = rfc2822_date;
-	my $to_str = '';
-	my @rcpt_to;
-	foreach (@$to) {
-		my $s = $_;
-		$s =~ s/^/"/;
-		$s =~ s/(\s+<)/"$1/;
-		$to_str .= ', ' if $to_str;
-		$to_str .= $s;
-		push @rcpt_to, $1 if $s =~ /<(.*)>/;
-	}
-	die "Nobody to send to.\n" unless @rcpt_to;
-	my $msg = <<EOF;
-From: "$ex_from_name" <$ex_from_addr>
-To: $to_str
-Date: $now
-Subject: $subj
-
-$body
-EOF
-
-	my $smtp = EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP->new(Host => $ex_host)
-		or die "Cannot connect to $ex_host: $!\n";
-	if ($ex_user && $ex_pass) {
-		$smtp->auth($ex_user,$ex_pass)
-			or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_user\n";
-	}
-	$smtp->mail($ex_from_addr)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_from_addr\n";
-	scalar($smtp->recipient(@rcpt_to, { SkipBad => 1 }))
-		or die "$ex_host did not accept any addresses.\n";
-	$smtp->data($msg)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected message data\n";
-	$smtp->quit;
-}
-
-sub pop_queue ()
-{
-	open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-	my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-	my $ent = shift @$queue;
-	nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-	close LOCK;
-	$ent;
-}
-
-sub git_exec (@)
-{
-	system('git',@_) == 0 or die "Cannot git " . join(' ', @_) . "\n";
-}
-
-sub git_val (@)
-{
-	open(C, '-|','git',@_);
-	my $r = <C>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close C;
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub do_build ($$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $new) = @_;
-
-	my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "builder$$");
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp) == 0 or die "Cannot clear $tmp\n";
-	die "Cannot clear $tmp.\n" if -e $tmp;
-
-	my $result = 1;
-	eval {
-		my $command;
-		{
-			local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-			$command = git_val 'config','builder.command';
-		}
-		die "No builder.command for $git_dir.\n" unless $command;
-
-		git_exec 'clone','-n','-l','-s',$git_dir,$tmp;
-		chmod 0700, $tmp or die "Cannot lock $tmp\n";
-		chdir $tmp or die "Cannot enter $tmp\n";
-
-		git_exec 'update-ref','HEAD',$new;
-		git_exec 'read-tree','-m','-u','HEAD','HEAD';
-		system $command;
-		if ($? == -1) {
-			print STDERR "failed to execute '$command': $!\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} elsif ($? & 127) {
-			my $sig = $? & 127;
-			print STDERR "'$command' died from signal $sig\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} else {
-			my $r = $? >> 8;
-			print STDERR "'$command' exited with $r\n" if $r;
-			$result = $r;
-		}
-	};
-	if ($@) {
-		$result = 2;
-		print STDERR "$@\n";
-	}
-
-	chdir '/';
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp);
-	rmdir $tmp;
-	$result;
-}
-
-sub build_failed ($$$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $msg) = @_;
-
-	$git_dir =~ m,/([^/]+)$,;
-	my $repo_name = $1;
-	$ref =~ s,^refs/(heads|tags)/,,;
-
-	my %authors;
-	my $shortlog;
-	my $revstr;
-	{
-		local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',@revs;
-		while (<LOG>) {
-			if (s/^(author|committer) //) {
-				chomp;
-				s/>.*$/>/;
-				$authors{$_} = 1 unless nocc_author $_;
-			}
-		}
-		close LOG;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','shortlog',@revs;
-		$shortlog .= $_ while <LOG>;
-		close LOG;
-		$revstr = join(' ', @revs);
-	}
-
-	my @to = sort keys %authors;
-	unless (@to) {
-		print STDERR "error: No authors in $revstr\n";
-		return;
-	}
-
-	my $subject = "[$repo_name] $ref : Build Failed";
-	my $body = <<EOF;
-Project: $git_dir
-Branch:  $ref
-Commits: $revstr
-
-$shortlog
-Build Output:
---------------------------------------------------------------
-$msg
-EOF
-	send_email($subject, $body, \@to);
-}
-
-sub run_build ($$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @_;
-
-	if ($debug_flag) {
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		print "BUILDING $git_dir\n";
-		print "  BRANCH: $ref\n";
-		print "  COMMITS: ", join(' ', @revs), "\n";
-	}
-
-	local(*R, *W);
-	pipe R, W or die "cannot pipe builder: $!";
-
-	my $builder = fork();
-	if (!defined $builder) {
-		die "cannot fork builder: $!";
-	} elsif (0 == $builder) {
-		close R;
-		close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-		open(STDOUT, '>&W');
-		open(STDERR, '>&W');
-		exit do_build $git_dir, $new;
-	} else {
-		close W;
-		my $out = '';
-		$out .= $_ while <R>;
-		close R;
-		waitpid $builder, 0;
-		build_failed $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $out if $?;
-	}
-
-	print "DONE\n\n" if $debug_flag;
-}
-
-sub daemon_loop ()
-{
-	my $run = 1;
-	my $stop_sub = sub {$run = 0};
-	$SIG{HUP} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{INT} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{TERM} = $stop_sub;
-
-	mkdir $tmpdir, 0755;
-	my $pidfile = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "cidaemon.pid");
-	open(O, ">$pidfile"); print O "$$\n"; close O;
-
-	while ($run) {
-		my $ent = pop_queue;
-		if ($ent) {
-			my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @$ent;
-
-			$ent = $recent{$git_dir};
-			$recent{$git_dir} = $ent = [[], {}] unless $ent;
-			my ($rec_arr, $rec_hash) = @$ent;
-			next if $rec_hash->{$new}++;
-			while (@$rec_arr >= $recent_size) {
-				my $to_kill = shift @$rec_arr;
-				delete $rec_hash->{$to_kill};
-			}
-			push @$rec_arr, $new;
-
-			run_build $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new;
-		} else {
-			sleep $scan_delay;
-		}
-	}
-
-	unlink $pidfile;
-}
-
-$debug_flag = 0;
-GetOptions(
-	'debug|d' => \$debug_flag,
-	'smtp-user=s' => \$ex_user,
-) or die "usage: $0 [--debug] [--smtp-user=user]\n";
-
-$ex_pass = input_noecho("$ex_user SMTP password: ")
-	if ($ex_user && !$ex_pass);
-
-if ($debug_flag) {
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-}
-
-my $daemon = fork();
-if (!defined $daemon) {
-	die "cannot fork daemon: $!";
-} elsif (0 == $daemon) {
-	close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-	close STDOUT;open(STDOUT, '>/dev/null');
-	close STDERR;open(STDERR, '>/dev/null');
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-} else {
-	print "Daemon $daemon running in the background.\n";
-}
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
deleted file mode 100644
index b8f5a609af..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A hook that notifies its companion cidaemon through a simple
-# queue file that a ref has been updated via a push (actually
-# by a receive-pack running on the server).
-#
-# See cidaemon for per-repository configuration details.
-#
-# To use this hook, add it as the post-receive hook, make it
-# executable, and set its configuration options.
-#
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = '/opt/git/bin';
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use File::Spec;
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-
-my $git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
-my $queue_name = `git config --get builder.queue`;chop $queue_name;
-$queue_name =~ m,^([^\s]+)$,; $queue_name = $1; # untaint
-unless ($queue_name) {
-	1 while <STDIN>;
-	print STDERR "\nerror: builder.queue not set.  Not enqueing.\n\n";
-	exit;
-}
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @skip;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.skip|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @skip, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-my @new_branch_base;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.newBranchBase|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @new_branch_base, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-sub skip ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $p (@skip) {
-		return 1 if /^$p/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-my %existing;
-foreach my $r (@$queue) {
-	my ($gd, $ref) = @$r;
-	$existing{$gd}{$ref} = $r;
-}
-
-my @new_branch_commits;
-my $loaded_new_branch_commits = 0;
-
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chop;
-	my ($old, $new, $ref) = split / /, $_, 3;
-
-	next if $old eq $new;
-	next if $new =~ /^0{40}$/;
-	next if skip $ref;
-
-	my $r = $existing{$git_dir}{$ref};
-	if ($r) {
-		$r->[3] = $new;
-	} else {
-		if ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) {
-			if (!$loaded_new_branch_commits && @new_branch_base) {
-				open M,'-|','git','show-ref',@new_branch_base;
-				while (<M>) {
-					($_) = split / /, $_;
-					push @new_branch_commits, $_;
-				}
-				close M;
-				$loaded_new_branch_commits = 1;
-			}
-			$old = [@new_branch_commits];
-		} else {
-			$old = [$old];
-		}
-
-		$r = [$git_dir, $ref, $old, $new];
-		$existing{$git_dir}{$ref} = $r;
-		push @$queue, $r;
-	}
-}
-nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-close LOCK;
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
index 41f61c5db3..f2cdefee60 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ static void usage(const char *name)
 	const char *basename = strrchr(name,'/');
 
 	basename = (basename) ? basename + 1 : name;
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <", basename);
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <", basename);
 	while(try_op->name) {
 		fprintf(stderr,"%s",(try_op++)->name);
 		if(try_op->name)
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
index 6beed123ab..bcd3f575a3 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
@@ -127,10 +127,20 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol")) {
-			if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
+			if (!strcmp(v, "imap"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "imaps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTPS;
 			else if (!strcmp(v, "http"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "smtp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeSMTP;
 			else /* we don't yet handle other protocols */
 				exit(0);
 		}
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *usage =
-		"Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
+		"usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
index cbaec5f24b..a1d38f035b 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 /* common helpers */
 
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
 static void die(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	char msg[4096];
@@ -30,14 +32,6 @@ static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static char *xstrdup(const char *str)
-{
-	char *ret = strdup(str);
-	if (!ret)
-		die("Out of memory");
-	return ret;
-}
-
 /* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
 
 typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
@@ -67,20 +61,14 @@ typedef struct _CREDENTIALW {
 #define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
 
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, PVOID, DWORD,
-    LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *);
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
     PCREDENTIALW **);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, LPWSTR, LPWSTR,
-    PBYTE, DWORD *);
 typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
 
-static HMODULE advapi, credui;
+static HMODULE advapi;
 static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
-static CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW;
 static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
-static CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredPackAuthenticationBufferW;
 static CredFreeT CredFree;
 static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
 
@@ -88,74 +76,84 @@ static void load_cred_funcs(void)
 {
 	/* load DLLs */
 	advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
-	credui = LoadLibrary("credui.dll");
-	if (!advapi || !credui)
-		die("failed to load DLLs");
+	if (!advapi)
+		die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
 
 	/* get function pointers */
 	CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
-	CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
-	    GetProcAddress(credui, "CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW");
 	CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
 	    "CredEnumerateW");
-	CredPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
-	    GetProcAddress(credui, "CredPackAuthenticationBufferW");
 	CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
 	CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
-	if (!CredWriteW || !CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW ||
-	    !CredEnumerateW || !CredPackAuthenticationBufferW || !CredFree ||
-	    !CredDeleteW)
+	if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
 		die("failed to load functions");
 }
 
-static char target_buf[1024];
-static char *protocol, *host, *path, *username;
-static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *target;
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
 
-static void write_item(const char *what, WCHAR *wbuf)
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
 {
 	char *buf;
-	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, NULL, 0, NULL,
+	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
 	    FALSE);
 	buf = xmalloc(len);
 
-	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
 		die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
 
 	printf("%s=", what);
-	fwrite(buf, 1, len - 1, stdout);
+	fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
 	putchar('\n');
 	free(buf);
 }
 
-static int match_attr(const CREDENTIALW *cred, const WCHAR *keyword,
-    const char *want)
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
 {
-	int i;
-	if (!want)
-		return 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < cred->AttributeCount; ++i)
-		if (!wcscmp(cred->Attributes[i].Keyword, keyword))
-			return !strcmp((const char *)cred->Attributes[i].Value,
-			    want);
-
-	return 0; /* not found */
+	LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+	int len;
+
+	/* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+	if (*delim)
+		delim_pos = wcsstr(start, delim);
+	else
+		delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
+
+	/*
+	 * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+	 * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+	 */
+	if (delim_pos)
+		len = delim_pos - start;
+	else
+		len = wcslen(start);
+
+	/* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+	if (delim_pos || want)
+		*ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+	return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
 }
 
 static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
 {
-	return (!wusername || !wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName)) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_protocol", protocol) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_host", host) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_path", path);
+	LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+	if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+		return 0;
+
+	return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+		match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+		match_part(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+		match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+		match_part(&target, path, L"");
 }
 
 static void get_credential(void)
 {
-	WCHAR *user_buf, *pass_buf;
-	DWORD user_buf_size = 0, pass_buf_size = 0;
-	CREDENTIALW **creds, *cred = NULL;
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
 	DWORD num_creds;
 	int i;
 
@@ -165,90 +163,36 @@ static void get_credential(void)
 	/* search for the first credential that matches username */
 	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
 		if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
-			cred = creds[i];
+			write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+				wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+			write_item("password",
+				(LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+				creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
 			break;
 		}
-	if (!cred)
-		return;
-
-	CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
-	    cred->CredentialBlobSize, NULL, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
-	    NULL, &pass_buf_size);
-
-	user_buf = xmalloc(user_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
-	pass_buf = xmalloc(pass_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
-
-	if (!CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
-	    cred->CredentialBlobSize, user_buf, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
-	    pass_buf, &pass_buf_size))
-		die("CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
 
 	CredFree(creds);
-
-	/* zero-terminate (sizes include zero-termination) */
-	user_buf[user_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
-	pass_buf[pass_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
-
-	write_item("username", user_buf);
-	write_item("password", pass_buf);
-
-	free(user_buf);
-	free(pass_buf);
-}
-
-static void write_attr(CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW *attr, const WCHAR *keyword,
-    const char *value)
-{
-	attr->Keyword = (LPWSTR)keyword;
-	attr->Flags = 0;
-	attr->ValueSize = strlen(value) + 1; /* store zero-termination */
-	attr->Value = (LPBYTE)value;
 }
 
 static void store_credential(void)
 {
 	CREDENTIALW cred;
-	BYTE *auth_buf;
-	DWORD auth_buf_size = 0;
-	CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW attrs[CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES];
 
 	if (!wusername || !password)
 		return;
 
-	/* query buffer size */
-	CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
-	    NULL, &auth_buf_size);
-
-	auth_buf = xmalloc(auth_buf_size);
-
-	if (!CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
-	    auth_buf, &auth_buf_size))
-		die("CredPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
-
 	cred.Flags = 0;
 	cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
 	cred.TargetName = target;
 	cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
-	cred.CredentialBlobSize = auth_buf_size;
-	cred.CredentialBlob = auth_buf;
+	cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+	cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
 	cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
-	cred.AttributeCount = 1;
-	cred.Attributes = attrs;
+	cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+	cred.Attributes = NULL;
 	cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
 	cred.UserName = wusername;
 
-	write_attr(attrs, L"git_protocol", protocol);
-
-	if (host) {
-		write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_host", host);
-		cred.AttributeCount++;
-	}
-
-	if (path) {
-		write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_path", path);
-		cred.AttributeCount++;
-	}
-
 	if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
 		die("CredWrite failed");
 }
@@ -284,10 +228,13 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
 		char *v;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		/* strip trailing CR / LF */
+		while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+			buf[--len] = 0;
 
-		if (!strcmp(buf, "\n"))
+		if (!*buf)
 			break;
-		buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
 
 		v = strchr(buf, '=');
 		if (!v)
@@ -295,13 +242,12 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
-			protocol = xstrdup(v);
+			protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
-			host = xstrdup(v);
+			host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
-			path = xstrdup(v);
+			path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
-			username = xstrdup(v);
 			wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
 			password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
@@ -313,7 +259,7 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	const char *usage =
-	    "Usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+	    "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
@@ -330,22 +276,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		return 0;
 
 	/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
-	strncat(target_buf, "git:", sizeof(target_buf));
-	strncat(target_buf, protocol, sizeof(target_buf));
-	strncat(target_buf, "://", sizeof(target_buf));
-	if (username) {
-		strncat(target_buf, username, sizeof(target_buf));
-		strncat(target_buf, "@", sizeof(target_buf));
+	wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+	wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (wusername) {
+		wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	}
 	if (host)
-		strncat(target_buf, host, sizeof(target_buf));
+		wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	if (path) {
-		strncat(target_buf, "/", sizeof(target_buf));
-		strncat(target_buf, path, sizeof(target_buf));
+		wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	}
 
-	target = utf8_to_utf16_dup(target_buf);
-
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
 		get_credential();
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-log.sh b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c2ea71cf14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+
+USAGE='[--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+revs=$(git-rev-parse --revs-only --no-flags --default HEAD "$@") || exit
+[ "$revs" ] || {
+	die "No HEAD ref"
+}
+git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") |
+LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
index 7b922c3948..a5e42a9f01 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ fi
 
 # This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
 # way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
-# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# people might have misused the interface and used a commit-ish that
 # is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
 # have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
 
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
index b17952a785..d42df7b418 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ sub rm_remote {
 }
 
 sub add_usage {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'show') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'prune') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'add') {
 }
 elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
 	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
 }
 else {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index b09ff8f12f..c414f0d9c7 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_u,$opt_C,$opt_i,$opt_m,$opt_M,$opt_t,$opt_T,
 
 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
        [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
        [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1fb9feb348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='[-p] [--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [-m] [git-diff-tree options] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+diff_tree_flags=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --flags "$@") || exit
+case "$0" in
+*whatchanged)
+	count=
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git-repo-config --get whatchanged.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='-c -M --abbrev' ;;
+*show)
+	count=-n1
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git-repo-config --get show.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='--cc --always' ;;
+esac
+test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+	diff_tree_flags="$diff_tree_default_flags"
+
+rev_list_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --default HEAD --revs-only "$@") &&
+diff_tree_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --no-flags "$@") &&
+
+eval "git-rev-list $count $rev_list_args" |
+eval "git-diff-tree --stdin --pretty -r $diff_tree_flags $diff_tree_args" |
+LESS="$LESS -S" ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
index f9fef6db28..0891b9e366 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use strict;
 use File::Find;
 
-my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $USAGE = 'usage: git-import branch import-message';
 my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
index 0ca7718d05..f8d803c5e2 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
 
 if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	echo "usage: git-import branch import-message"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
index 82f5ed3ddc..d12c296223 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -9,13 +9,18 @@
 ##  git log --stat import-zips
 
 from os import popen, path
-from sys import argv, exit
+from sys import argv, exit, hexversion, stderr
 from time import mktime
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+if hexversion < 0x01060000:
+    # The limiter is the zipfile module
+    stderr.write("import-zips.py: requires Python 1.6.0 or later.\n")
+    exit(1)
+
 if len(argv) < 2:
-	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
-	exit(1)
+    print 'usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+    exit(1)
 
 branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
 committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
@@ -23,51 +28,51 @@ committer_email = 'zip@example.com'
 
 fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
 def printlines(list):
-	for str in list:
-		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+    for str in list:
+        fast_import.write(str + "\n")
 
 for zipfile in argv[1:]:
-	commit_time = 0
-	next_mark = 1
-	common_prefix = None
-	mark = dict()
-
-	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
-	for name in zip.namelist():
-		if name.endswith('/'):
-			continue
-		info = zip.getinfo(name)
-
-		if commit_time < info.date_time:
-			commit_time = info.date_time
-		if common_prefix == None:
-			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
-		else:
-			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
-				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
-				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
-
-		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
-		next_mark += 1
-
-		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
-					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
-		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
-
-	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
-		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
-
-	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
-		'', 'deleteall'))
-
-	for name in mark.keys():
-		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
-			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
-
-	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
-		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+    commit_time = 0
+    next_mark = 1
+    common_prefix = None
+    mark = dict()
+
+    zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+    for name in zip.namelist():
+        if name.endswith('/'):
+            continue
+        info = zip.getinfo(name)
+
+        if commit_time < info.date_time:
+            commit_time = info.date_time
+        if common_prefix == None:
+            common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+        else:
+            while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+                last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+                common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+
+        mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+        next_mark += 1
+
+        printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+                    'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+        fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+
+    committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+        mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+
+    printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+        '', 'deleteall'))
+
+    for name in mark.keys():
+        fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+            name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+
+    printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+        'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
 
 if fast_import.close():
-	exit(1)
+    exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
index 046cb2b268..60dec86d37 100755
--- a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ import os, os.path, sys
 import tempfile, pickle, getopt
 import re
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02030000:
+   # The behavior of the pickle module changed significantly in 2.3
+   sys.stderr.write("hg-to-git.py: requires Python 2.3 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 # Maps hg version -> git version
 hgvers = {}
 # List of children for each hg revision
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@ for cset in range(int(tip) + 1):
     os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --deleted | git update-index --remove --stdin')
 
     # commit
-    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty -a -F %s' % filecomment)
+    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -a -F %s' % filecomment)
     os.unlink(filecomment)
 
     # tag
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9904396710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+			   git-multimail
+			   =============
+
+git-multimail is a tool for sending notification emails on pushes to a
+Git repository.  It includes a Python module called git_multimail.py,
+which can either be used as a hook script directly or can be imported
+as a Python module into another script.
+
+git-multimail is derived from the Git project's old
+contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, and is mostly compatible with that
+script.  See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for details about
+the differences and for how to migrate from post-receive-email to
+git-multimail.
+
+git-multimail, like the rest of the Git project, is licensed under
+GPLv2 (see the COPYING file for details).
+
+Please note: although, as a convenience, git-multimail may be
+distributed along with the main Git project, development of
+git-multimail takes place in its own, separate project.  See section
+"Getting involved" below for more information.
+
+
+By default, for each push received by the repository, git-multimail:
+
+1. Outputs one email summarizing each reference that was changed.
+   These "reference change" (called "refchange" below) emails describe
+   the nature of the change (e.g., was the reference created, deleted,
+   fast-forwarded, etc.) and include a one-line summary of each commit
+   that was added to the reference.
+
+2. Outputs one email for each new commit that was introduced by the
+   reference change.  These "commit" emails include a list of the
+   files changed by the commit, followed by the diffs of files
+   modified by the commit.  The commit emails are threaded to the
+   corresponding reference change email via "In-Reply-To".  This style
+   (similar to the "git format-patch" style used on the Git mailing
+   list) makes it easy to scan through the emails, jump to patches
+   that need further attention, and write comments about specific
+   commits.  Commits are handled in reverse topological order (i.e.,
+   parents shown before children).  For example,
+
+   [git] branch master updated
+   + [git] 01/08: doc: fix xref link from api docs to manual pages
+   + [git] 02/08: api-credentials.txt: show the big picture first
+   + [git] 03/08: api-credentials.txt: mention credential.helper explicitly
+   + [git] 04/08: api-credentials.txt: add "see also" section
+   + [git] 05/08: t3510 (cherry-pick-sequence): add missing '&&'
+   + [git] 06/08: Merge branch 'rr/maint-t3510-cascade-fix'
+   + [git] 07/08: Merge branch 'mm/api-credentials-doc'
+   + [git] 08/08: Git 1.7.11-rc2
+
+   Each commit appears in exactly one commit email, the first time
+   that it is pushed to the repository.  If a commit is later merged
+   into another branch, then a one-line summary of the commit is
+   included in the reference change email (as usual), but no
+   additional commit email is generated.
+
+   By default, reference change emails have their "Reply-To" field set
+   to the person who pushed the change, and commit emails have their
+   "Reply-To" field set to the author of the commit.
+
+3. Output one "announce" mail for each new annotated tag, including
+   information about the tag and optionally a shortlog describing the
+   changes since the previous tag.  Such emails might be useful if you
+   use annotated tags to mark releases of your project.
+
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+* Python 2.x, version 2.4 or later.  No non-standard Python modules
+  are required.  git-multimail does *not* currently work with Python
+  3.x.
+
+  The example scripts invoke Python using the following shebang line
+  (following PEP 394 [1]):
+
+      #! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+  If your system's Python2 interpreter is not in your PATH or is not
+  called "python2", you can change the lines accordingly.  Or you can
+  invoke the Python interpreter explicitly, for example via a tiny
+  shell script like
+
+      #! /bin/sh
+      /usr/local/bin/python /path/to/git_multimail.py "$@"
+
+* The "git" command must be in your PATH.  git-multimail is known to
+  work with Git versions back to 1.7.1.  (Earlier versions have not
+  been tested; if you do so, please report your results.)
+
+* To send emails using the default configuration, a standard sendmail
+  program must be located at '/usr/sbin/sendmail' and configured
+  correctly to send emails.  If this is not the case, see the
+  multimailhook.mailer configuration variable below for how to
+  configure git-multimail to send emails via an SMTP server.
+
+
+Invocation
+----------
+
+git_multimail.py is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a
+Git repository (see githooks(5)).  Link or copy it to
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive within the repository for which email
+notifications are desired.  Usually it should be installed on the
+central repository for a project, to which all commits are eventually
+pushed.
+
+For use on pre-v1.5.1 Git servers, git_multimail.py can also work as
+an "update" hook, taking its arguments on the command line.  To use
+this script in this manner, link or copy it to $GIT_DIR/hooks/update.
+Please note that the script is not completely reliable in this mode
+[2].
+
+Alternatively, git_multimail.py can be imported as a Python module
+into your own Python post-receive script.  This method is a bit more
+work, but allows the behavior of the hook to be customized using
+arbitrary Python code.  For example, you can use a custom environment
+(perhaps inheriting from GenericEnvironment or GitoliteEnvironment) to
+
+* change how the user who did the push is determined
+
+* read users' email addresses from an LDAP server or from a database
+
+* decide which users should be notified about which commits based on
+  the contents of the commits (e.g., for users who want to be notified
+  only about changes affecting particular files or subdirectories)
+
+Or you can change how emails are sent by writing your own Mailer
+class.  The "post-receive" script in this directory demonstrates how
+to use git_multimail.py as a Python module.  (If you make interesting
+changes of this type, please consider sharing them with the
+community.)
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+By default, git-multimail mostly takes its configuration from the
+following "git config" settings:
+
+multimailhook.environment
+
+    This describes the general environment of the repository.
+    Currently supported values:
+
+    "generic" -- the username of the pusher is read from $USER and the
+        repository name is derived from the repository's path.
+
+    "gitolite" -- the username of the pusher is read from $GL_USER and
+        the repository name from $GL_REPO.
+
+    If neither of these environments is suitable for your setup, then
+    you can implement a Python class that inherits from Environment
+    and instantiate it via a script that looks like the example
+    post-receive script.
+
+    The environment value can be specified on the command line using
+    the --environment option.  If it is not specified on the command
+    line or by multimailhook.environment, then it defaults to
+    "gitolite" if the environment contains variables $GL_USER and
+    $GL_REPO; otherwise "generic".
+
+multimailhook.repoName
+
+    A short name of this Git repository, to be used in various places
+    in the notification email text.  The default is to use $GL_REPO
+    for gitolite repositories, or otherwise to derive this value from
+    the repository path name.
+
+multimailhook.mailinglist
+
+    The list of email addresses to which notification emails should be
+    sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas.  This
+    configuration option can be multivalued.  Leave it unset or set it
+    to the empty string to not send emails by default.  The next few
+    settings can be used to configure specific address lists for
+    specific types of notification email.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which summary emails about
+    reference changes should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses
+    separated by commas.  This configuration option can be
+    multivalued.  The default is the value in
+    multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent reference change emails from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.announceList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about new annotated
+    tags should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.refchangelist or
+    multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent annotated tag announcement emails from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.commitList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about individual new
+    commits should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value
+    to the empty string to prevent notification emails about
+    individual commits from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.announceShortlog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then emails about changes to
+    annotated tags include a shortlog of changes since the previous
+    tag.  This can be useful if the annotated tags represent releases;
+    then the shortlog will be a kind of rough summary of what has
+    happened since the last release.  But if your tagging policy is
+    not so straightforward, then the shortlog might be confusing
+    rather than useful.  Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeShowLog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference
+    changes will include a detailed log of the added commits in
+    addition to the one line summary.  The log is generated by running
+    "git log" with the options specified in multimailhook.logOpts.
+    Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.mailer
+
+    This option changes the way emails are sent.  Accepted values are:
+
+    - sendmail (the default): use the command /usr/sbin/sendmail or
+      /usr/lib/sendmail (or sendmailCommand, if configured).  This
+      mode can be further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.sendmailCommand
+
+           The command used by mailer "sendmail" to send emails.  Shell
+           quoting is allowed in the value of this setting, but remember that
+           Git requires double-quotes to be escaped; e.g.,
+
+             git config multimailhook.sendmailcommand '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -F \"Git Repo\"'
+
+           Default is '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t' or '/usr/lib/sendmail
+           -t' (depending on which file is present and executable).
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           If set then pass this value to sendmail via the -f option to set
+           the envelope sender address.
+
+    - smtp: use Python's smtplib.  This is useful when the sendmail
+      command is not available on the system.  This mode can be
+      further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.smtpServer
+
+           The name of the SMTP server to connect to.  The value can
+           also include a colon and a port number; e.g.,
+           "mail.example.com:25".  Default is 'localhost' using port
+           25.
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           The sender address to be passed to the SMTP server.  If
+           unset, then the value of multimailhook.from is used.
+
+multimailhook.from
+
+    If set then use this value in the From: field of generated emails.
+    If unset, then use the repository's user configuration (user.name
+    and user.email).  If user.email is also unset, then use
+    multimailhook.envelopeSender.
+
+multimailhook.administrator
+
+    The name and/or email address of the administrator of the Git
+    repository; used in FOOTER_TEMPLATE.  Default is
+    multimailhook.envelopesender if it is set; otherwise a generic
+    string is used.
+
+multimailhook.emailPrefix
+
+    All emails have this string prepended to their subjects, to aid
+    email filtering (though filtering based on the X-Git-* email
+    headers is probably more robust).  Default is the short name of
+    the repository in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLines
+
+    The maximum number of lines that should be included in the body of
+    a generated email.  If not specified, there is no limit.  Lines
+    beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final line is
+    added indicating the number of suppressed lines.
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLineLength
+
+    The maximum length of a line in the email body.  Lines longer than
+    this limit are truncated to this length with a trailing " [...]"
+    added to indicate the missing text.  The default is 500, because
+    (a) diffs with longer lines are probably from binary files, for
+    which a diff is useless, and (b) even if a text file has such long
+    lines, the diffs are probably unreadable anyway.  To disable line
+    truncation, set this option to 0.
+
+multimailhook.maxCommitEmails
+
+    The maximum number of commit emails to send for a given change.
+    When the number of patches is larger that this value, only the
+    summary refchange email is sent.  This can avoid accidental
+    mailbombing, for example on an initial push.  To disable commit
+    emails limit, set this option to 0.  The default is 500.
+
+multimailhook.emailStrictUTF8
+
+    If this boolean option is set to "true", then the main part of the
+    email body is forced to be valid UTF-8.  Any characters that are
+    not valid UTF-8 are converted to the Unicode replacement
+    character, U+FFFD.  The default is "true".
+
+multimailhook.diffOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git diff-tree" when generating the summary
+    information for ReferenceChange emails.  Default is "--stat
+    --summary --find-copies-harder".  Add -p to those options to
+    include a unified diff of changes in addition to the usual summary
+    output.  Shell quoting is allowed; see multimailhook.logOpts for
+    details.
+
+multimailhook.logOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git log" to generate additional info for
+    reference change emails (used only if refchangeShowLog is set).
+    For example, adding --graph will show the graph of revisions, -p
+    will show the complete diff, etc.  The default is empty.
+
+    Shell quoting is allowed; for example, a log format that contains
+    spaces can be specified using something like:
+
+      git config multimailhook.logopts '--pretty=format:"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n"'
+
+    If you want to set this by editing your configuration file
+    directly, remember that Git requires double-quotes to be escaped
+    (see git-config(1) for more information):
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              logopts = --pretty=format:\"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n\"
+
+multimailhook.emailDomain
+
+    Domain name appended to the username of the person doing the push
+    to convert it into an email address (via "%s@%s" % (username,
+    emaildomain)).  More complicated schemes can be implemented by
+    overriding Environment and overriding its get_pusher_email()
+    method.
+
+multimailhook.replyTo
+multimailhook.replyToCommit
+multimailhook.replyToRefchange
+
+    Addresses to use in the Reply-To: field for commit emails
+    (replyToCommit) and refchange emails (replyToRefchange).
+    multimailhook.replyTo is used as default when replyToCommit or
+    replyToRefchange is not set.  The value for these variables can be
+    either:
+
+    - An email address, which will be used directly.
+
+    - The value "pusher", in which case the pusher's address (if
+      available) will be used.  This is the default for refchange
+      emails.
+
+    - The value "author" (meaningful only for replyToCommit), in which
+      case the commit author's address will be used.  This is the
+      default for commit emails.
+
+    - The value "none", in which case the Reply-To: field will be
+      omitted.
+
+
+Email filtering aids
+--------------------
+
+All emails include extra headers to enable fine tuned filtering and
+give information for debugging.  All emails include the headers
+"X-Git-Repo", "X-Git-Refname", and "X-Git-Reftype".  ReferenceChange
+emails also include headers "X-Git-Oldrev" and "X-Git-Newrev";
+Revision emails also include header "X-Git-Rev".
+
+
+Customizing email contents
+--------------------------
+
+git-multimail mostly generates emails by expanding templates.  The
+templates can be customized.  To avoid the need to edit
+git_multimail.py directly, the preferred way to change the templates
+is to write a separate Python script that imports git_multimail.py as
+a module, then replaces the templates in place.  See the provided
+post-receive script for an example of how this is done.
+
+
+Customizing git-multimail for your environment
+----------------------------------------------
+
+git-multimail is mostly customized via an "environment" that describes
+the local environment in which Git is running.  Two types of
+environment are built in:
+
+* GenericEnvironment: a stand-alone Git repository.
+
+* GitoliteEnvironment: a Git repository that is managed by gitolite
+  [3].  For such repositories, the identity of the pusher is read from
+  environment variable $GL_USER, and the name of the repository is
+  read from $GL_REPO (if it is not overridden by
+  multimailhook.reponame).
+
+By default, git-multimail assumes GitoliteEnvironment if $GL_USER and
+$GL_REPO are set, and otherwise assumes GenericEnvironment.
+Alternatively, you can choose one of these two environments explicitly
+by setting a "multimailhook.environment" config setting (which can
+have the value "generic" or "gitolite") or by passing an --environment
+option to the script.
+
+If you need to customize the script in ways that are not supported by
+the existing environments, you can define your own environment class
+class using arbitrary Python code.  To do so, you need to import
+git_multimail.py as a Python module, as demonstrated by the example
+post-receive script.  Then implement your environment class; it should
+usually inherit from one of the existing Environment classes and
+possibly one or more of the EnvironmentMixin classes.  Then set the
+"environment" variable to an instance of your own environment class
+and pass it to run_as_post_receive_hook().
+
+The standard environment classes, GenericEnvironment and
+GitoliteEnvironment, are in fact themselves put together out of a
+number of mixin classes, each of which handles one aspect of the
+customization.  For the finest control over your configuration, you
+can specify exactly which mixin classes your own environment class
+should inherit from, and override individual methods (or even add your
+own mixin classes) to implement entirely new behaviors.  If you
+implement any mixins that might be useful to other people, please
+consider sharing them with the community!
+
+
+Getting involved
+----------------
+
+git-multimail is an open-source project, built by volunteers.  We
+would welcome your help!
+
+The current maintainer is Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>.
+
+General discussion of git-multimail takes place on the main Git
+mailing list,
+
+    git@vger.kernel.org
+
+Please CC emails regarding git-multimail to me so that I don't
+overlook them.
+
+The git-multimail project itself is currently hosted on GitHub:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+We use the GitHub issue tracker to keep track of bugs and feature
+requests, and GitHub pull requests to exchange patches (though, if you
+prefer, you can send patches via the Git mailing list with cc to me).
+
+Please note that although a copy of git-multimail will probably be
+distributed in the "contrib" section of the main Git project,
+development takes place in the separate git-multimail repository on
+GitHub!  (Whenever enough changes to git-multimail have accumulated, a
+new code-drop of git-multimail will be submitted for inclusion in the
+Git project.)
+
+
+Footnotes
+---------
+
+[1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/
+
+[2] Because of the way information is passed to update hooks, the
+    script's method of determining whether a commit has already been
+    seen does not work when it is used as an "update" script.  In
+    particular, no notification email will be generated for a new
+    commit that is added to multiple references in the same push.
+
+[3] https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c2e66a69a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+This copy of git-multimail is distributed as part of the "contrib"
+section of the Git project as a convenience to Git users.
+git-multimail is developed as an independent project at the following
+website:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+The version in this directory was obtained from the upstream project
+on 2013-07-14 and consists of the "git-multimail" subdirectory from
+revision
+
+    1a5cb09c698a74d15a715a86b09ead5f56bf4b06
+
+Please see the README file in this directory for information about how
+to report bugs or contribute to git-multimail.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e6a976699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+git-multimail is close to, but not exactly, a plug-in replacement for
+the old Git project script contrib/hooks/post-receive-email.  This
+document describes the differences and explains how to configure
+git-multimail to get behavior closest to that of post-receive-email.
+
+If you are in a hurry
+=====================
+
+A script called migrate-mailhook-config is included with
+git-multimail.  If you run this script within a Git repository that is
+configured to use post-receive-email, it will convert the
+configuration settings into the approximate equivalent settings for
+git-multimail.  For more information, run
+
+    migrate-mailhook-config --help
+
+
+Configuration differences
+=========================
+
+* The names of the config options for git-multimail are in namespace
+  "multimailhook.*" instead of "hooks.*".  (Editorial comment:
+  post-receive-email should never have used such a generic top-level
+  namespace.)
+
+* In emails about new annotated tags, post-receive-email includes a
+  shortlog of all changes since the previous annotated tag.  To get
+  this behavior with git-multimail, you need to set
+  multimailhook.announceshortlog to true:
+
+      git config multimailhook.announceshortlog true
+
+* multimailhook.commitlist -- This is a new configuration variable.
+  Recipients listed here will receive a separate email for each new
+  commit.  However, if this variable is *not* set, it defaults to the
+  value of multimailhook.mailinglist.  Therefore, if you *don't* want
+  the members of multimailhook.mailinglist to receive one email per
+  commit, then set this value to the empty string:
+
+      git config multimailhook.commitlist ''
+
+* multimailhook.emailprefix -- If this value is not set, then the
+  subjects of generated emails are prefixed with the short name of the
+  repository enclosed in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+  post-receive-email defaults to prefix "[SCM]" if this option is not
+  set.  So if you were using the old default and want to retain it
+  (for example, to avoid having to change your email filters), set
+  this variable explicitly to the old value:
+
+      git config multimailhook.emailprefix "[SCM]"
+
+* The "multimailhook.showrev" configuration option is not supported.
+  Its main use is obsoleted by the one-email-per-commit feature of
+  git-multimail.
+
+
+Other differences
+=================
+
+This section describes other differences in the behavior of
+git-multimail vs. post-receive-email.  For full details, please refer
+to the main README file:
+
+* One email per commit.  For each reference change, the script first
+  outputs one email summarizing the reference change (including
+  one-line summaries of the new commits), then it outputs a separate
+  email for each new commit that was introduced, including patches.
+  These one-email-per-commit emails go to the addresses listed in
+  multimailhook.commitlist.  post-receive-email sends only one email
+  for each *reference* that is changed, no matter how many commits
+  were added to the reference.
+
+* Better algorithm for detecting new commits.  post-receive-email
+  processes one reference change at a time, which causes it to fail to
+  describe new commits that were included in multiple branches.  For
+  example, if a single push adds the "*" commits in the diagram below,
+  then post-receive-email would never include the details of the two
+  commits that are common to "master" and "branch" in its
+  notifications.
+
+      o---o---o---*---*---*    <-- master
+                       \
+                        *---*  <-- branch
+
+  git-multimail analyzes all reference modifications to determine
+  which commits were not present before the change, therefore avoiding
+  that error.
+
+* In reference change emails, git-multimail tells which commits have
+  been added to the reference vs. are entirely new to the repository,
+  and which commits that have been omitted from the reference
+  vs. entirely discarded from the repository.
+
+* The environment in which Git is running can be configured via an
+  "Environment" abstraction.
+
+* Built-in support for Gitolite-managed repositories.
+
+* Instead of using full SHA1 object names in emails, git-multimail
+  mostly uses abbreviated SHA1s, plus one-line log message summaries
+  where appropriate.
+
+* In the schematic diagrams that explain non-fast-forward commits,
+  git-multimail shows the names of the branches involved.
+
+* The emails generated by git-multimail include the name of the Git
+  repository that was modified; this is convenient for recipients who
+  are monitoring multiple repositories.
+
+* git-multimail allows the email "From" addresses to be configured.
+
+* The recipients lists (multimailhook.mailinglist,
+  multimailhook.refchangelist, multimailhook.announcelist, and
+  multimailhook.commitlist) can be comma-separated values and/or
+  multivalued settings in the config file; e.g.,
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              mailinglist = mr.brown@example.com, mr.black@example.com
+              announcelist = Him <him@example.com>
+              announcelist = Jim <jim@example.com>
+              announcelist = pop@example.com
+
+  This might make it easier to maintain short recipients lists without
+  requiring full-fledged mailing list software.
+
+* By default, git-multimail sets email "Reply-To" headers to reply to
+  the pusher (for reference updates) and to the author (for commit
+  notifications).  By default, the pusher's email address is
+  constructed by appending "multimailhook.emaildomain" to the pusher's
+  username.
+
+* The generated emails contain a configurable footer.  By default, it
+  lists the name of the administrator who should be contacted to
+  unsubscribe from notification emails.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailmaxlinelength to limit the length of
+  lines in the main part of the email body.  The default limit is 500
+  characters.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailstrictutf8 to ensure that the main
+  part of the email body is valid UTF-8.  Invalid characters are
+  turned into the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.  By default
+  this option is turned on.
+
+* Written in Python.  Easier to add new features.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..81c6a51706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2393 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+# Copyright (c) 2012,2013 Michael Haggerty
+# Derived from contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, which is
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+# and also includes contributions by other authors.
+#
+# This file is part of git-multimail.
+#
+# git-multimail is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
+# 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see
+# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Generate notification emails for pushes to a git repository.
+
+This hook sends emails describing changes introduced by pushes to a
+git repository.  For each reference that was changed, it emits one
+ReferenceChange email summarizing how the reference was changed,
+followed by one Revision email for each new commit that was introduced
+by the reference change.
+
+Each commit is announced in exactly one Revision email.  If the same
+commit is merged into another branch in the same or a later push, then
+the ReferenceChange email will list the commit's SHA1 and its one-line
+summary, but no new Revision email will be generated.
+
+This script is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a git
+repository (see githooks(5)).  It can also be used as an "update"
+script, but this usage is not completely reliable and is deprecated.
+
+To help with debugging, this script accepts a --stdout option, which
+causes the emails to be written to standard output rather than sent
+using sendmail.
+
+See the accompanying README file for the complete documentation.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import bisect
+import subprocess
+import shlex
+import optparse
+import smtplib
+
+try:
+    from email.utils import make_msgid
+    from email.utils import getaddresses
+    from email.utils import formataddr
+    from email.header import Header
+except ImportError:
+    # Prior to Python 2.5, the email module used different names:
+    from email.Utils import make_msgid
+    from email.Utils import getaddresses
+    from email.Utils import formataddr
+    from email.Header import Header
+
+
+DEBUG = False
+
+ZEROS = '0' * 40
+LOGBEGIN = '- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+LOGEND = '-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+
+
+# It is assumed in many places that the encoding is uniformly UTF-8,
+# so changing these constants is unsupported.  But define them here
+# anyway, to make it easier to find (at least most of) the places
+# where the encoding is important.
+(ENCODING, CHARSET) = ('UTF-8', 'utf-8')
+
+
+REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s created'
+    ' (now %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s updated'
+    ' (%(oldrev_short)s -> %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s deleted'
+    ' (was %(oldrev_short)s)'
+    )
+
+REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(subject)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Message-ID: %(msgid)s
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Oldrev: %(oldrev)s
+X-Git-Newrev: %(newrev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a change to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+
+-- \n\
+To stop receiving notification emails like this one, please contact
+%(administrator)s.
+"""
+
+
+REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update removed existing revisions from the reference, leaving the
+reference pointing at a previous point in the repository history.
+
+ * -- * -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NON_FF_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update added new revisions after undoing existing revisions.
+That is to say, some revisions that were in the old version of the
+%(refname_type)s are not in the new version.  This situation occurs
+when a user --force pushes a change and generates a repository
+containing something like this:
+
+ * -- * -- B -- O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             N -- N -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+
+You should already have received notification emails for all of the O
+revisions, and so the following emails describe only the N revisions
+from the common base, B.
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+No new revisions were added by this update.
+"""
+
+
+DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+This change permanently discards the following revisions:
+"""
+
+
+NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The revisions that were on this %(refname_type)s are still contained in
+other references; therefore, this change does not discard any commits
+from the repository.
+"""
+
+
+NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The %(tot)s revisions listed above as "new" are entirely new to this
+repository and will be described in separate emails.  The revisions
+listed as "adds" were already present in the repository and have only
+been added to this reference.
+
+"""
+
+
+TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+        at  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was modified! ***
+
+      from  %(oldrev_short)-9s (%(oldrev_type)s)
+        to  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was deleted! ***
+
+"""
+
+
+# The template used in summary tables.  It looks best if this uses the
+# same alignment as TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE and TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE.
+BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE = """\
+%(action)10s  %(rev_short)-9s %(text)s
+"""
+
+
+NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an unusual reference change because the reference did not
+refer to a commit either before or after the change.  We do not know
+how to provide full information about this reference change.
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(emailprefix)s%(num)02d/%(tot)02d: %(oneline)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+In-Reply-To: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+References: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Rev: %(rev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+
+class CommandError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, retcode):
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.retcode = retcode
+        Exception.__init__(
+            self,
+            'Command "%s" failed with retcode %s' % (' '.join(cmd), retcode,)
+            )
+
+
+class ConfigurationException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def read_git_output(args, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Read the output of a Git command."""
+
+    return read_output(
+        ['git', '-c', 'i18n.logoutputencoding=%s' % (ENCODING,)] + args,
+        input=input, keepends=keepends, **kw
+        )
+
+
+def read_output(cmd, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    if input:
+        stdin = subprocess.PIPE
+    else:
+        stdin = None
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd, stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kw
+        )
+    (out, err) = p.communicate(input)
+    retcode = p.wait()
+    if retcode:
+        raise CommandError(cmd, retcode)
+    if not keepends:
+        out = out.rstrip('\n\r')
+    return out
+
+
+def read_git_lines(args, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Return the lines output by Git command.
+
+    Return as single lines, with newlines stripped off."""
+
+    return read_git_output(args, keepends=True, **kw).splitlines(keepends)
+
+
+class Config(object):
+    def __init__(self, section, git_config=None):
+        """Represent a section of the git configuration.
+
+        If git_config is specified, it is passed to "git config" in
+        the GIT_CONFIG environment variable, meaning that "git config"
+        will read the specified path rather than the Git default
+        config paths."""
+
+        self.section = section
+        if git_config:
+            self.env = os.environ.copy()
+            self.env['GIT_CONFIG'] = git_config
+        else:
+            self.env = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split(s):
+        """Split NUL-terminated values."""
+
+        words = s.split('\0')
+        assert words[-1] == ''
+        return words[:-1]
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            values = self._split(read_git_output(
+                    ['config', '--get', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                    env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                    ))
+            assert len(values) == 1
+            return values[0]
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_bool(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            value = read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get', '--bool', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+        return value == 'true'
+
+    def get_all(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a (possibly multivalued) setting from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a list of values, or default if the name
+        is unset."""
+
+        try:
+            return self._split(read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get-all', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                ))
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 1:
+                # "the section or key is invalid"; i.e., there is no
+                # value for the specified key.
+                return default
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def get_recipients(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a recipients list from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a comma-separated list of email
+        addresses, or default if the option is unset.  If the setting
+        has multiple values, concatenate them with comma separators."""
+
+        lines = self.get_all(name, default=None)
+        if lines is None:
+            return default
+        return ', '.join(line.strip() for line in lines)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def add(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '--add', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def has_key(self, name):
+        return self.get_all(name, default=None) is not None
+
+    def unset_all(self, name):
+        try:
+            read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--unset-all', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 5:
+                # The name doesn't exist, which is what we wanted anyway...
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def set_recipients(self, name, value):
+        self.unset_all(name)
+        for pair in getaddresses([value]):
+            self.add(name, formataddr(pair))
+
+
+def generate_summaries(*log_args):
+    """Generate a brief summary for each revision requested.
+
+    log_args are strings that will be passed directly to "git log" as
+    revision selectors.  Iterate over (sha1_short, subject) for each
+    commit specified by log_args (subject is the first line of the
+    commit message as a string without EOLs)."""
+
+    cmd = [
+        'log', '--abbrev', '--format=%h %s',
+        ] + list(log_args) + ['--']
+    for line in read_git_lines(cmd):
+        yield tuple(line.split(' ', 1))
+
+
+def limit_lines(lines, max_lines):
+    for (index, line) in enumerate(lines):
+        if index < max_lines:
+            yield line
+
+    if index >= max_lines:
+        yield '... %d lines suppressed ...\n' % (index + 1 - max_lines,)
+
+
+def limit_linelength(lines, max_linelength):
+    for line in lines:
+        # Don't forget that lines always include a trailing newline.
+        if len(line) > max_linelength + 1:
+            line = line[:max_linelength - 7] + ' [...]\n'
+        yield line
+
+
+class CommitSet(object):
+    """A (constant) set of object names.
+
+    The set should be initialized with full SHA1 object names.  The
+    __contains__() method returns True iff its argument is an
+    abbreviation of any the names in the set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, names):
+        self._names = sorted(names)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._names)
+
+    def __contains__(self, sha1_abbrev):
+        """Return True iff this set contains sha1_abbrev (which might be abbreviated)."""
+
+        i = bisect.bisect_left(self._names, sha1_abbrev)
+        return i < len(self) and self._names[i].startswith(sha1_abbrev)
+
+
+class GitObject(object):
+    def __init__(self, sha1, type=None):
+        if sha1 == ZEROS:
+            self.sha1 = self.type = self.commit_sha1 = None
+        else:
+            self.sha1 = sha1
+            self.type = type or read_git_output(['cat-file', '-t', self.sha1])
+
+            if self.type == 'commit':
+                self.commit_sha1 = self.sha1
+            elif self.type == 'tag':
+                try:
+                    self.commit_sha1 = read_git_output(
+                        ['rev-parse', '--verify', '%s^0' % (self.sha1,)]
+                        )
+                except CommandError:
+                    # Cannot deref tag to determine commit_sha1
+                    self.commit_sha1 = None
+            else:
+                self.commit_sha1 = None
+
+        self.short = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--short', sha1])
+
+    def get_summary(self):
+        """Return (sha1_short, subject) for this commit."""
+
+        if not self.sha1:
+            raise ValueError('Empty commit has no summary')
+
+        return iter(generate_summaries('--no-walk', self.sha1)).next()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, GitObject) and self.sha1 == other.sha1
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.sha1)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self.sha1)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.sha1 or ZEROS
+
+
+class Change(object):
+    """A Change that has been made to the Git repository.
+
+    Abstract class from which both Revisions and ReferenceChanges are
+    derived.  A Change knows how to generate a notification email
+    describing itself."""
+
+    def __init__(self, environment):
+        self.environment = environment
+        self._values = None
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Derived classes overload this method to add more entries to
+        the return value.  This method is used internally by
+        get_values().  The return value should always be a new
+        dictionary."""
+
+        return self.environment.get_values()
+
+    def get_values(self, **extra_values):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Return a dictionary mapping keywords to the values that they
+        should be expanded to for this Change (used when interpolating
+        template strings).  If any keyword arguments are supplied, add
+        those to the return value as well.  The return value is always
+        a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            self._values = self._compute_values()
+
+        values = self._values.copy()
+        if extra_values:
+            values.update(extra_values)
+        return values
+
+    def expand(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Expand template.
+
+        Expand the template (which should be a string) using string
+        interpolation of the values for this Change.  If any keyword
+        arguments are provided, also include those in the keywords
+        available for interpolation."""
+
+        return template % self.get_values(**extra_values)
+
+    def expand_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines(True):
+            yield line % values
+
+    def expand_header_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line as an RFC 2822 header.
+
+        Encode values and split up lines that are too long.  Silently
+        skip lines that contain references to unknown variables."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines():
+            (name, value) = line.split(':', 1)
+
+            try:
+                value = value % values
+            except KeyError, e:
+                if DEBUG:
+                    sys.stderr.write(
+                        'Warning: unknown variable %r in the following line; line skipped:\n'
+                        '    %s\n'
+                        % (e.args[0], line,)
+                        )
+            else:
+                try:
+                    h = Header(value, header_name=name)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    h = Header(value, header_name=name, charset=CHARSET, errors='replace')
+                for splitline in ('%s: %s\n' % (name, h.encode(),)).splitlines(True):
+                    yield splitline
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        """Generate the RFC 2822 email headers for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output should not include the trailing blank line."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        """Generate the email intro for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output will be used as the standard boilerplate at the top
+        of the email body."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_body(self):
+        """Generate the main part of the email body, a line at a time.
+
+        The text in the body might be truncated after a specified
+        number of lines (see multimailhook.emailmaxlines)."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        """Generate the footer of the email, a line at a time.
+
+        The footer is always included, irrespective of
+        multimailhook.emailmaxlines."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email(self, push, body_filter=None):
+        """Generate an email describing this change.
+
+        Iterate over the lines (including the header lines) of an
+        email describing this change.  If body_filter is not None,
+        then use it to filter the lines that are intended for the
+        email body."""
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_header():
+            yield line
+        yield '\n'
+        for line in self.generate_email_intro():
+            yield line
+
+        body = self.generate_email_body(push)
+        if body_filter is not None:
+            body = body_filter(body)
+        for line in body:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_footer():
+            yield line
+
+
+class Revision(Change):
+    """A Change consisting of a single git commit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reference_change, rev, num, tot):
+        Change.__init__(self, reference_change.environment)
+        self.reference_change = reference_change
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.change_type = self.reference_change.change_type
+        self.refname = self.reference_change.refname
+        self.num = num
+        self.tot = tot
+        self.author = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%aN <%aE>', self.rev.sha1])
+        self.recipients = self.environment.get_revision_recipients(self)
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        oneline = read_git_output(
+            ['log', '--format=%s', '--no-walk', self.rev.sha1]
+            )
+
+        values['rev'] = self.rev.sha1
+        values['rev_short'] = self.rev.short
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.reference_change.short_refname
+        values['refname_type'] = self.reference_change.refname_type
+        values['reply_to_msgid'] = self.reference_change.msgid
+        values['num'] = self.num
+        values['tot'] = self.tot
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oneline'] = oneline
+        values['author'] = self.author
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_commit(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Show this revision."""
+
+        return read_git_lines(
+            [
+                'log', '-C',
+                 '--stat', '-p', '--cc',
+                '-1', self.rev.sha1,
+                ],
+            keepends=True,
+            )
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+
+class ReferenceChange(Change):
+    """A Change to a Git reference.
+
+    An abstract class representing a create, update, or delete of a
+    Git reference.  Derived classes handle specific types of reference
+    (e.g., tags vs. branches).  These classes generate the main
+    reference change email summarizing the reference change and
+    whether it caused any any commits to be added or removed.
+
+    ReferenceChange objects are usually created using the static
+    create() method, which has the logic to decide which derived class
+    to instantiate."""
+
+    REF_RE = re.compile(r'^refs\/(?P<area>[^\/]+)\/(?P<shortname>.*)$')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname):
+        """Return a ReferenceChange object representing the change.
+
+        Return an object that represents the type of change that is being
+        made. oldrev and newrev should be SHA1s or ZEROS."""
+
+        old = GitObject(oldrev)
+        new = GitObject(newrev)
+        rev = new or old
+
+        # The revision type tells us what type the commit is, combined with
+        # the location of the ref we can decide between
+        #  - working branch
+        #  - tracking branch
+        #  - unannotated tag
+        #  - annotated tag
+        m = ReferenceChange.REF_RE.match(refname)
+        if m:
+            area = m.group('area')
+            short_refname = m.group('shortname')
+        else:
+            area = ''
+            short_refname = refname
+
+        if rev.type == 'tag':
+            # Annotated tag:
+            klass = AnnotatedTagChange
+        elif rev.type == 'commit':
+            if area == 'tags':
+                # Non-annotated tag:
+                klass = NonAnnotatedTagChange
+            elif area == 'heads':
+                # Branch:
+                klass = BranchChange
+            elif area == 'remotes':
+                # Tracking branch:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of tracking branch %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+            else:
+                # Some other reference namespace:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of strange reference %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+        else:
+            # Anything else (is there anything else?)
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Unknown type of update to %r (%s)\n'
+                '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                 % (refname, rev.type,)
+                )
+            klass = OtherReferenceChange
+
+        return klass(
+            environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        Change.__init__(self, environment)
+        self.change_type = {
+            (False, True) : 'create',
+            (True, True) : 'update',
+            (True, False) : 'delete',
+            }[bool(old), bool(new)]
+        self.refname = refname
+        self.short_refname = short_refname
+        self.old = old
+        self.new = new
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.msgid = make_msgid()
+        self.diffopts = environment.diffopts
+        self.logopts = environment.logopts
+        self.showlog = environment.refchange_showlog
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname_type'] = self.refname_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.short_refname
+        values['msgid'] = self.msgid
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oldrev'] = str(self.old)
+        values['oldrev_short'] = self.old.short
+        values['newrev'] = str(self.new)
+        values['newrev_short'] = self.new.short
+
+        if self.old:
+            values['oldrev_type'] = self.old.type
+        if self.new:
+            values['newrev_type'] = self.new.type
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_refchange(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def get_subject(self):
+        template = {
+            'create' : REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'update' : REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'delete' : REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            }[self.change_type]
+        return self.expand(template)
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+            REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE, subject=self.get_subject(),
+            ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Call the appropriate body-generation routine.
+
+        Call one of generate_create_summary() /
+        generate_update_summary() / generate_delete_summary()."""
+
+        change_summary = {
+            'create' : self.generate_create_summary,
+            'delete' : self.generate_delete_summary,
+            'update' : self.generate_update_summary,
+            }[self.change_type](push)
+        for line in change_summary:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_summary(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+    def generate_revision_change_log(self, new_commits_list):
+        if self.showlog:
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Detailed log of new commits:\n\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['log', '--no-walk']
+                    + self.logopts
+                    + new_commits_list
+                    + ['--'],
+                    keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_revision_change_summary(self, push):
+        """Generate a summary of the revisions added/removed by this change."""
+
+        if self.new.commit_sha1 and not self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A new reference was created.  List the new revisions
+            # brought by the new reference (i.e., those revisions that
+            # were not in the repository before this reference
+            # change).
+            sha1s = list(push.get_new_commits(self))
+            sha1s.reverse()
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            new_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if new_revisions:
+                yield self.expand('This %(refname_type)s includes the following new commits:\n')
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in new_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='new', text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=tot):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log([r.rev.sha1 for r in new_revisions]):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif self.new.commit_sha1 and self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was changed to point at a different commit.
+            # List the revisions that were removed and/or added *from
+            # that reference* by this reference change, along with a
+            # diff between the trees for its old and new values.
+
+            # List of the revisions that were added to the branch by
+            # this update.  Note this list can include revisions that
+            # have already had notification emails; we want such
+            # revisions in the summary even though we will not send
+            # new notification emails for them.
+            adds = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '--topo-order', '--reverse', '%s..%s'
+                    % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            # List of the revisions that were removed from the branch
+            # by this update.  This will be empty except for
+            # non-fast-forward updates.
+            discards = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '%s..%s' % (self.new.commit_sha1, self.old.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            if adds:
+                new_commits_list = push.get_new_commits(self)
+            else:
+                new_commits_list = []
+            new_commits = CommitSet(new_commits_list)
+
+            if discards:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            else:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet([])
+
+            if discards and adds:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NON_FF_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif discards:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif adds:
+                (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+                yield self.expand(
+                    BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='from',
+                    rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                    )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+
+            yield '\n'
+
+            if new_commits:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=len(new_commits)):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log(new_commits_list):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            # The diffstat is shown from the old revision to the new
+            # revision.  This is to show the truth of what happened in
+            # this change.  There's no point showing the stat from the
+            # base to the new revision because the base is effectively a
+            # random revision at this point - the user will be interested
+            # in what this revision changed - including the undoing of
+            # previous revisions in the case of non-fast-forward updates.
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Summary of changes:\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                ['diff-tree']
+                + self.diffopts
+                + ['%s..%s' % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)],
+                keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+        elif self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was deleted.  List the revisions that were
+            # removed from the repository by this reference change.
+
+            sha1s = list(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            discarded_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if discarded_revisions:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in discarded_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='discards', text=subject,
+                        )
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif not self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            for line in self.expand_lines(NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of a reference."""
+
+        # This is a new reference and so oldrev is not valid
+        (sha1, subject) = self.new.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='at',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the change of a pre-existing branch."""
+
+        return iter([])
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the deletion of any type of reference."""
+
+        (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='was',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class BranchChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'branch'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class AnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'annotated tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_announce_recipients(self)
+        self.show_shortlog = environment.announce_show_shortlog
+
+    ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT = (
+        '%(*objectname)\n'
+        '%(*objecttype)\n'
+        '%(taggername)\n'
+        '%(taggerdate)'
+        )
+
+    def describe_tag(self, push):
+        """Describe the new value of an annotated tag."""
+
+        # Use git for-each-ref to pull out the individual fields from
+        # the tag
+        [tagobject, tagtype, tagger, tagged] = read_git_lines(
+            ['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (self.ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT,), self.refname],
+            )
+
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='tagging',
+            rev_short=tagobject, text='(%s)' % (tagtype,),
+            )
+        if tagtype == 'commit':
+            # If the tagged object is a commit, then we assume this is a
+            # release, and so we calculate which tag this tag is
+            # replacing
+            try:
+                prevtag = read_git_output(['describe', '--abbrev=0', '%s^' % (self.new,)])
+            except CommandError:
+                prevtag = None
+            if prevtag:
+                yield '  replaces  %s\n' % (prevtag,)
+        else:
+            prevtag = None
+            yield '    length  %s bytes\n' % (read_git_output(['cat-file', '-s', tagobject]),)
+
+        yield ' tagged by  %s\n' % (tagger,)
+        yield '        on  %s\n' % (tagged,)
+        yield '\n'
+
+        # Show the content of the tag message; this might contain a
+        # change log or release notes so is worth displaying.
+        yield LOGBEGIN
+        contents = list(read_git_lines(['cat-file', 'tag', self.new.sha1], keepends=True))
+        contents = contents[contents.index('\n') + 1:]
+        if contents and contents[-1][-1:] != '\n':
+            contents.append('\n')
+        for line in contents:
+            yield line
+
+        if self.show_shortlog and tagtype == 'commit':
+            # Only commit tags make sense to have rev-list operations
+            # performed on them
+            yield '\n'
+            if prevtag:
+                # Show changes since the previous release
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s..%s' % (prevtag, self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            else:
+                # No previous tag, show all the changes since time
+                # began
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s' % (self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            for line in read_git_lines(['shortlog'], input=revlist, keepends=True):
+                yield line
+
+        yield LOGEND
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the update of an annotated tag.
+
+        This is probably a rare event and may not even be allowed."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        yield self.expand('   tag was  %(oldrev_short)s\n')
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class NonAnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in ReferenceChange.generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+            yield line
+
+
+class OtherReferenceChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'reference'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        # We use the full refname as short_refname, because otherwise
+        # the full name of the reference would not be obvious from the
+        # text of the email.
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class Mailer(object):
+    """An object that can send emails."""
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        """Send an email consisting of lines.
+
+        lines must be an iterable over the lines constituting the
+        header and body of the email.  to_addrs is a list of recipient
+        addresses (can be needed even if lines already contains a
+        "To:" field).  It can be either a string (comma-separated list
+        of email addresses) or a Python list of individual email
+        addresses.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SendMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using 'sendmail -t'."""
+
+    SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES = [
+        '/usr/sbin/sendmail',
+        '/usr/lib/sendmail',
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def find_sendmail():
+        for path in SendMailer.SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.access(path, os.X_OK):
+                return path
+        else:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'No sendmail executable found.  '
+                'Try setting multimailhook.sendmailCommand.'
+                )
+
+    def __init__(self, command=None, envelopesender=None):
+        """Construct a SendMailer instance.
+
+        command should be the command and arguments used to invoke
+        sendmail, as a list of strings.  If an envelopesender is
+        provided, it will also be passed to the command, via '-f
+        envelopesender'."""
+
+        if command:
+            self.command = command[:]
+        else:
+            self.command = [self.find_sendmail(), '-t']
+
+        if envelopesender:
+            self.command.extend(['-f', envelopesender])
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(self.command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        except OSError, e:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Cannot execute command: %s\n' % ' '.join(self.command)
+                + '*** %s\n' % str(e)
+                + '*** Try setting multimailhook.mailer to "smtp"\n'
+                '*** to send emails without using the sendmail command.\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        try:
+            p.stdin.writelines(lines)
+        except:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Error while generating commit email\n'
+                '***  - mail sending aborted.\n'
+                )
+            p.terminate()
+            raise
+        else:
+            p.stdin.close()
+            retcode = p.wait()
+            if retcode:
+                raise CommandError(self.command, retcode)
+
+
+class SMTPMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using Python's smtplib."""
+
+    def __init__(self, envelopesender, smtpserver):
+        if not envelopesender:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'fatal: git_multimail: cannot use SMTPMailer without a sender address.\n'
+                'please set either multimailhook.envelopeSender or user.email\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        self.envelopesender = envelopesender
+        self.smtpserver = smtpserver
+        try:
+            self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpserver)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error establishing SMTP connection to %s***\n' % self.smtpserver)
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.smtp.quit()
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            msg = ''.join(lines)
+            # turn comma-separated list into Python list if needed.
+            if isinstance(to_addrs, basestring):
+                to_addrs = [email for (name, email) in getaddresses([to_addrs])]
+            self.smtp.sendmail(self.envelopesender, to_addrs, msg)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error sending email***\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            self.smtp.quit()
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class OutputMailer(Mailer):
+    """Write emails to an output stream, bracketed by lines of '=' characters.
+
+    This is intended for debugging purposes."""
+
+    SEPARATOR = '=' * 75 + '\n'
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+        self.f.writelines(lines)
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+
+
+def get_git_dir():
+    """Determine GIT_DIR.
+
+    Determine GIT_DIR either from the GIT_DIR environment variable or
+    from the working directory, using Git's usual rules."""
+
+    try:
+        return read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'])
+    except CommandError:
+        sys.stderr.write('fatal: git_multimail: not in a git directory\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    """Describes the environment in which the push is occurring.
+
+    An Environment object encapsulates information about the local
+    environment.  For example, it knows how to determine:
+
+    * the name of the repository to which the push occurred
+
+    * what user did the push
+
+    * what users want to be informed about various types of changes.
+
+    An Environment object is expected to have the following methods:
+
+        get_repo_shortname()
+
+            Return a short name for the repository, for display
+            purposes.
+
+        get_repo_path()
+
+            Return the absolute path to the Git repository.
+
+        get_emailprefix()
+
+            Return a string that will be prefixed to every email's
+            subject.
+
+        get_pusher()
+
+            Return the username of the person who pushed the changes.
+            This value is used in the email body to indicate who
+            pushed the change.
+
+        get_pusher_email() (may return None)
+
+            Return the email address of the person who pushed the
+            changes.  The value should be a single RFC 2822 email
+            address as a string; e.g., "Joe User <user@example.com>"
+            if available, otherwise "user@example.com".  If set, the
+            value is used as the Reply-To address for refchange
+            emails.  If it is impossible to determine the pusher's
+            email, this attribute should be set to None (in which case
+            no Reply-To header will be output).
+
+        get_sender()
+
+            Return the address to be used as the 'From' email address
+            in the email envelope.
+
+        get_fromaddr()
+
+            Return the 'From' email address used in the email 'From:'
+            headers.  (May be a full RFC 2822 email address like 'Joe
+            User <user@example.com>'.)
+
+        get_administrator()
+
+            Return the name and/or email of the repository
+            administrator.  This value is used in the footer as the
+            person to whom requests to be removed from the
+            notification list should be sent.  Ideally, it should
+            include a valid email address.
+
+        get_reply_to_refchange()
+        get_reply_to_commit()
+
+            Return the address to use in the email "Reply-To" header,
+            as a string.  These can be an RFC 2822 email address, or
+            None to omit the "Reply-To" header.
+            get_reply_to_refchange() is used for refchange emails;
+            get_reply_to_commit() is used for individual commit
+            emails.
+
+    They should also define the following attributes:
+
+        announce_show_shortlog (bool)
+
+            True iff announce emails should include a shortlog.
+
+        refchange_showlog (bool)
+
+            True iff refchanges emails should include a detailed log.
+
+        diffopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git diff' for the
+            summary email.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+        logopts (list of strings)
+
+            Analogous to diffopts, but contains options passed to
+            'git log' when generating the detailed log for a set of
+            commits (see refchange_showlog)
+
+    """
+
+    REPO_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>.+?)(?:\.git)$')
+
+    def __init__(self, osenv=None):
+        self.osenv = osenv or os.environ
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = False
+        self.maxcommitemails = 500
+        self.diffopts = ['--stat', '--summary', '--find-copies-harder']
+        self.logopts = []
+        self.refchange_showlog = False
+
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS = [
+            'administrator',
+            'charset',
+            'emailprefix',
+            'fromaddr',
+            'pusher',
+            'pusher_email',
+            'repo_path',
+            'repo_shortname',
+            'sender',
+            ]
+
+        self._values = None
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        """Use the last part of the repo path, with ".git" stripped off if present."""
+
+        basename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(self.get_repo_path()))
+        m = self.REPO_NAME_RE.match(basename)
+        if m:
+            return m.group('name')
+        else:
+            return basename
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        return None
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return 'the administrator of this repository'
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        return ''
+
+    def get_repo_path(self):
+        if read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--is-bare-repository']) == 'true':
+            path = get_git_dir()
+        else:
+            path = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'])
+        return os.path.abspath(path)
+
+    def get_charset(self):
+        return CHARSET
+
+    def get_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Environment.
+
+        This method is called by Change._compute_values().  The keys
+        in the returned dictionary are available to be used in any of
+        the templates.  The dictionary is created by calling
+        self.get_NAME() for each of the attributes named in
+        COMPUTED_KEYS and recording those that do not return None.
+        The return value is always a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            values = {}
+
+            for key in self.COMPUTED_KEYS:
+                value = getattr(self, 'get_%s' % (key,))()
+                if value is not None:
+                    values[key] = value
+
+            self._values = values
+
+        return self._values.copy()
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about refchange.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified ReferenceChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about annotated_tag_change.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified AnnotatedTagChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        return self.get_pusher_email()
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        """Return the recipients for messages about revision.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified Revision should be sent.  This method
+        could be overridden, for example, to take into account the
+        contents of the revision when deciding whom to notify about
+        it.  For example, there could be a scheme for users to express
+        interest in particular files or subdirectories, and only
+        receive notification emails for revisions that affecting those
+        files."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        return revision.author
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        """Filter the lines intended for an email body.
+
+        lines is an iterable over the lines that would go into the
+        email body.  Filter it (e.g., limit the number of lines, the
+        line length, character set, etc.), returning another iterable.
+        See FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin and MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin
+        for classes implementing this functionality."""
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets self.config to its constructor's config argument.
+
+    This class's constructor consumes the "config" argument.
+
+    Mixins that need to inspect the config should inherit from this
+    class (1) to make sure that "config" is still in the constructor
+    arguments with its own constructor runs and/or (2) to be sure that
+    self.config is set after construction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.config = config
+
+
+class ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """An Environment that reads most of its information from "git config"."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = config.get_bool(
+            'announceshortlog', default=self.announce_show_shortlog
+            )
+
+        self.refchange_showlog = config.get_bool(
+            'refchangeshowlog', default=self.refchange_showlog
+            )
+
+        maxcommitemails = config.get('maxcommitemails')
+        if maxcommitemails is not None:
+            try:
+                self.maxcommitemails = int(maxcommitemails)
+            except ValueError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Malformed value for multimailhook.maxCommitEmails: %s\n' % maxcommitemails
+                    + '*** Expected a number.  Ignoring.\n'
+                    )
+
+        diffopts = config.get('diffopts')
+        if diffopts is not None:
+            self.diffopts = shlex.split(diffopts)
+
+        logopts = config.get('logopts')
+        if logopts is not None:
+            self.logopts = shlex.split(logopts)
+
+        reply_to = config.get('replyTo')
+        self.__reply_to_refchange = config.get('replyToRefchange', default=reply_to)
+        if (
+            self.__reply_to_refchange is not None
+            and self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'author'
+            ):
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                '"author" is not an allowed setting for replyToRefchange'
+                )
+        self.__reply_to_commit = config.get('replyToCommit', default=reply_to)
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('administrator')
+            or self.get_sender()
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_administrator()
+            )
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('reponame')
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        emailprefix = self.config.get('emailprefix')
+        if emailprefix and emailprefix.strip():
+            return emailprefix.strip() + ' '
+        else:
+            return '[%s] ' % (self.get_repo_shortname(),)
+
+    def get_sender(self):
+        return self.config.get('envelopesender')
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self):
+        fromaddr = self.config.get('from')
+        if fromaddr:
+            return fromaddr
+        else:
+            config = Config('user')
+            fromname = config.get('name', default='')
+            fromemail = config.get('email', default='')
+            if fromemail:
+                return formataddr([fromname, fromemail])
+            else:
+                return self.get_sender()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        if self.__reply_to_refchange is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_refchange(refchange)
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_refchange
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        if self.__reply_to_commit is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_commit(revision)
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'author':
+            return revision.get_author()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_commit
+
+
+class FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length of body lines.
+
+        emailmaxlinelength (int or None)
+
+            The maximum length of any single line in the email body.
+            Longer lines are truncated at that length with ' [...]'
+            appended.
+
+        strict_utf8 (bool)
+
+            If this field is set to True, then the email body text is
+            expected to be UTF-8.  Any invalid characters are
+            converted to U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character
+            (encoded as UTF-8, of course).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, strict_utf8=True, emailmaxlinelength=500, **kw):
+        super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__strict_utf8 = strict_utf8
+        self.__emailmaxlinelength = emailmaxlinelength
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__strict_utf8:
+            lines = (line.decode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+            # Limit the line length in Unicode-space to avoid
+            # splitting characters:
+            if self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+                lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+            lines = (line.encode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+        elif self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+            lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        strict_utf8 = config.get_bool('emailstrictutf8', default=None)
+        if strict_utf8 is not None:
+            kw['strict_utf8'] = strict_utf8
+
+        emailmaxlinelength = config.get('emailmaxlinelength')
+        if emailmaxlinelength is not None:
+            kw['emailmaxlinelength'] = int(emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        super(ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+
+class MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Limit the email body to a specified number of lines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, emailmaxlines, **kw):
+        super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emailmaxlines = emailmaxlines
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__emailmaxlines:
+            lines = limit_lines(lines, self.__emailmaxlines)
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Limit the email body to the number of lines specified in config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        emailmaxlines = int(config.get('emailmaxlines', default='0'))
+        super(ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            emailmaxlines=emailmaxlines,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Deduce pusher_email from pusher by appending an emaildomain."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emaildomain = self.config.get('emaildomain')
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        if self.__emaildomain:
+            # Derive the pusher's full email address in the default way:
+            return '%s@%s' % (self.get_pusher(), self.__emaildomain)
+        else:
+            return super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).get_pusher_email()
+
+
+class StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Set recipients statically based on constructor parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        refchange_recipients, announce_recipients, revision_recipients,
+        **kw
+        ):
+        super(StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+
+        # The recipients for various types of notification emails, as
+        # RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas (or the empty
+        # string if no recipients are configured).  Although there is
+        # a mechanism to choose the recipient lists based on on the
+        # actual *contents* of the change being reported, we only
+        # choose based on the *type* of the change.  Therefore we can
+        # compute them once and for all:
+        self.__refchange_recipients = refchange_recipients
+        self.__announce_recipients = announce_recipients
+        self.__revision_recipients = revision_recipients
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        return self.__refchange_recipients
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        return self.__announce_recipients
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        return self.__revision_recipients
+
+
+class ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin
+    ):
+    """Determine recipients statically based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            refchange_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            announce_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'announcelist', 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            revision_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'commitlist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+    def _get_recipients(self, config, *names):
+        """Return the recipients for a particular type of message.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which a particular type
+        of notification email should be sent, by looking at the config
+        value for "multimailhook.$name" for each of names.  Use the
+        value from the first name that is configured.  The return
+        value is a (possibly empty) string containing RFC 2822 email
+        addresses separated by commas.  If no configuration could be
+        found, raise a ConfigurationException."""
+
+        for name in names:
+            retval = config.get_recipients(name)
+            if retval is not None:
+                return retval
+        if len(names) == 1:
+            hint = 'Please set "%s.%s"' % (config.section, name)
+        else:
+            hint = (
+                'Please set one of the following:\n    "%s"'
+                % ('"\n    "'.join('%s.%s' % (config.section, name) for name in names))
+                )
+
+        raise ConfigurationException(
+            'The list of recipients for %s is not configured.\n%s' % (names[0], hint)
+            )
+
+
+class ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Make a "projectdesc" value available for templates.
+
+    By default, it is set to the first line of $GIT_DIR/description
+    (if that file is present and appears to be set meaningfully)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['projectdesc']
+
+    def get_projectdesc(self):
+        """Return a one-line descripition of the project."""
+
+        git_dir = get_git_dir()
+        try:
+            projectdesc = open(os.path.join(git_dir, 'description')).readline().strip()
+            if projectdesc and not projectdesc.startswith('Unnamed repository'):
+                return projectdesc
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+
+        return 'UNNAMED PROJECT'
+
+
+class GenericEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class GenericEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        # The gitolite environment variable $GL_REPO is a pretty good
+        # repo_shortname (though it's probably not as good as a value
+        # the user might have explicitly put in his config).
+        return (
+            self.osenv.get('GL_REPO', None)
+            or super(GitoliteEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('GL_USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class Push(object):
+    """Represent an entire push (i.e., a group of ReferenceChanges).
+
+    It is easy to figure out what commits were added to a *branch* by
+    a Reference change:
+
+        git rev-list change.old..change.new
+
+    or removed from a *branch*:
+
+        git rev-list change.new..change.old
+
+    But it is not quite so trivial to determine which entirely new
+    commits were added to the *repository* by a push and which old
+    commits were discarded by a push.  A big part of the job of this
+    class is to figure out these things, and to make sure that new
+    commits are only detailed once even if they were added to multiple
+    references.
+
+    The first step is to determine the "other" references--those
+    unaffected by the current push.  They are computed by
+    Push._compute_other_ref_sha1s() by listing all references then
+    removing any affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository before this push were
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    Where "changeN.old" is the old value of one of the references
+    affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository after this push are
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits added by this push are the difference between these
+    two sets, which can be written
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.old ^change2.old ... \
+            change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits removed by this push can be computed by
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.new ^change2.new ... \
+            change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    The last point is that it is possible that other pushes are
+    occurring simultaneously to this one, so reference values can
+    change at any time.  It is impossible to eliminate all race
+    conditions, but we reduce the window of time during which problems
+    can occur by translating reference names to SHA1s as soon as
+    possible and working with SHA1s thereafter (because SHA1s are
+    immutable)."""
+
+    # A map {(changeclass, changetype) : integer} specifying the order
+    # that reference changes will be processed if multiple reference
+    # changes are included in a single push.  The order is significant
+    # mostly because new commit notifications are threaded together
+    # with the first reference change that includes the commit.  The
+    # following order thus causes commits to be grouped with branch
+    # changes (as opposed to tag changes) if possible.
+    SORT_ORDER = dict(
+        (value, i) for (i, value) in enumerate([
+            (BranchChange, 'update'),
+            (BranchChange, 'create'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (BranchChange, 'delete'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'update'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'create'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'delete'),
+            ])
+        )
+
+    def __init__(self, changes):
+        self.changes = sorted(changes, key=self._sort_key)
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by references unaffected
+        # by this push:
+        other_ref_sha1s = self._compute_other_ref_sha1s()
+
+        self._old_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.old.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.old.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+        self._new_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _sort_key(klass, change):
+        return (klass.SORT_ORDER[change.__class__, change.change_type], change.refname,)
+
+    def _compute_other_ref_sha1s(self):
+        """Return the GitObjects referred to by references unaffected by this push."""
+
+        # The refnames being changed by this push:
+        updated_refs = set(
+            change.refname
+            for change in self.changes
+            )
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by all references in this
+        # repository *except* updated_refs:
+        sha1s = set()
+        fmt = (
+            '%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname)\n'
+            '%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(refname)'
+            )
+        for line in read_git_lines(['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (fmt,)]):
+            (sha1, type, name) = line.split(' ', 2)
+            if sha1 and type == 'commit' and name not in updated_refs:
+                sha1s.add(sha1)
+
+        return sha1s
+
+    def _compute_rev_exclusion_spec(self, sha1s):
+        """Return an exclusion specification for 'git rev-list'.
+
+        git_objects is an iterable over GitObject instances.  Return a
+        string that can be passed to the standard input of 'git
+        rev-list --stdin' to exclude all of the commits referred to by
+        git_objects."""
+
+        return ''.join(
+            ['^%s\n' % (sha1,) for sha1 in sorted(sha1s)]
+            )
+
+    def get_new_commits(self, reference_change=None):
+        """Return a list of commits added by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were added
+        by the part of this push represented by reference_change.  If
+        reference_change is None, then return a list of *all* commits
+        added by this push."""
+
+        if not reference_change:
+            new_revs = sorted(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new
+                )
+        elif not reference_change.new.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            new_revs = [reference_change.new.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + new_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._old_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def get_discarded_commits(self, reference_change):
+        """Return a list of commits discarded by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were
+        entirely discarded from the repository by the part of this
+        push represented by reference_change."""
+
+        if not reference_change.old.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            old_revs = [reference_change.old.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + old_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._new_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def send_emails(self, mailer, body_filter=None):
+        """Use send all of the notification emails needed for this push.
+
+        Use send all of the notification emails (including reference
+        change emails and commit emails) needed for this push.  Send
+        the emails using mailer.  If body_filter is not None, then use
+        it to filter the lines that are intended for the email
+        body."""
+
+        # The sha1s of commits that were introduced by this push.
+        # They will be removed from this set as they are processed, to
+        # guarantee that one (and only one) email is generated for
+        # each new commit.
+        unhandled_sha1s = set(self.get_new_commits())
+        for change in self.changes:
+            # Check if we've got anyone to send to
+            if not change.recipients:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** no recipients configured so no email will be sent\n'
+                    '*** for %r update %s->%s\n'
+                    % (change.refname, change.old.sha1, change.new.sha1,)
+                    )
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write('Sending notification emails to: %s\n' % (change.recipients,))
+                mailer.send(change.generate_email(self, body_filter), change.recipients)
+
+            sha1s = []
+            for sha1 in reversed(list(self.get_new_commits(change))):
+                if sha1 in unhandled_sha1s:
+                    sha1s.append(sha1)
+                    unhandled_sha1s.remove(sha1)
+
+            max_emails = change.environment.maxcommitemails
+            if max_emails and len(sha1s) > max_emails:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Too many new commits (%d), not sending commit emails.\n' % len(sha1s)
+                    + '*** Try setting multimailhook.maxCommitEmails to a greater value\n'
+                    + '*** Currently, multimailhook.maxCommitEmails=%d\n' % max_emails
+                    )
+                return
+
+            for (num, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s):
+                rev = Revision(change, GitObject(sha1), num=num+1, tot=len(sha1s))
+                if rev.recipients:
+                    mailer.send(rev.generate_email(self, body_filter), rev.recipients)
+
+        # Consistency check:
+        if unhandled_sha1s:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'ERROR: No emails were sent for the following new commits:\n'
+                '    %s\n'
+                % ('\n    '.join(sorted(unhandled_sha1s)),)
+                )
+
+
+def run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer):
+    changes = []
+    for line in sys.stdin:
+        (oldrev, newrev, refname) = line.strip().split(' ', 2)
+        changes.append(
+            ReferenceChange.create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname)
+            )
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev):
+    changes = [
+        ReferenceChange.create(
+            environment,
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', oldrev]),
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', newrev]),
+            refname,
+            ),
+        ]
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def choose_mailer(config, environment):
+    mailer = config.get('mailer', default='sendmail')
+
+    if mailer == 'smtp':
+        smtpserver = config.get('smtpserver', default='localhost')
+        mailer = SMTPMailer(
+            envelopesender=(environment.get_sender() or environment.get_fromaddr()),
+            smtpserver=smtpserver,
+            )
+    elif mailer == 'sendmail':
+        command = config.get('sendmailcommand')
+        if command:
+            command = shlex.split(command)
+        mailer = SendMailer(command=command, envelopesender=environment.get_sender())
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            'fatal: multimailhook.mailer is set to an incorrect value: "%s"\n' % mailer
+            + 'please use one of "smtp" or "sendmail".\n'
+            )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return mailer
+
+
+KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS = {
+    'generic' : GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    'gitolite' : GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    }
+
+
+def choose_environment(config, osenv=None, env=None, recipients=None):
+    if not osenv:
+        osenv = os.environ
+
+    environment_mixins = [
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ]
+    environment_kw = {
+        'osenv' : osenv,
+        'config' : config,
+        }
+
+    if not env:
+        env = config.get('environment')
+
+    if not env:
+        if 'GL_USER' in osenv and 'GL_REPO' in osenv:
+            env = 'gitolite'
+        else:
+            env = 'generic'
+
+    environment_mixins.append(KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS[env])
+
+    if recipients:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+        environment_kw['refchange_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['announce_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['revision_recipients'] = recipients
+    else:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+
+    environment_klass = type(
+        'EffectiveEnvironment',
+        tuple(environment_mixins) + (Environment,),
+        {},
+        )
+    return environment_klass(**environment_kw)
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]\n   or: %prog [OPTIONS] REFNAME OLDREV NEWREV',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--environment', '--env', action='store', type='choice',
+        choices=['generic', 'gitolite'], default=None,
+        help=(
+            'Choose type of environment is in use.  Default is taken from '
+            'multimailhook.environment if set; otherwise "generic".'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--stdout', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help='Output emails to stdout rather than sending them.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--recipients', action='store', default=None,
+        help='Set list of email recipients for all types of emails.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--show-env', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Write to stderr the values determined for the environment '
+            '(intended for debugging purposes).'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    config = Config('multimailhook')
+
+    try:
+        environment = choose_environment(
+            config, osenv=os.environ,
+            env=options.environment,
+            recipients=options.recipients,
+            )
+
+        if options.show_env:
+            sys.stderr.write('Environment values:\n')
+            for (k,v) in sorted(environment.get_values().items()):
+                sys.stderr.write('    %s : %r\n' % (k,v))
+            sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+        if options.stdout:
+            mailer = OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+        else:
+            mailer = choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+        # Dual mode: if arguments were specified on the command line, run
+        # like an update hook; otherwise, run as a post-receive hook.
+        if args:
+            if len(args) != 3:
+                parser.error('Need zero or three non-option arguments')
+            (refname, oldrev, newrev) = args
+            run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev)
+        else:
+            run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
+    except ConfigurationException, e:
+        sys.exit(str(e))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..04eeaac413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Migrate a post-receive-email configuration to be usable with git_multimail.py.
+
+See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for more information.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import optparse
+
+from git_multimail import CommandError
+from git_multimail import Config
+from git_multimail import read_output
+
+
+OLD_NAMES = [
+    'mailinglist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'showrev',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    ]
+
+NEW_NAMES = [
+    'environment',
+    'reponame',
+    'mailinglist',
+    'refchangelist',
+    'commitlist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'announceshortlog',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'administrator',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    'emaildomain',
+    ]
+
+
+INFO = """\
+
+SUCCESS!
+
+Your post-receive-email configuration has been converted to
+git-multimail format.  Please see README and
+README.migrate-from-post-receive-email to learn about other
+git-multimail configuration possibilities.
+
+For example, git-multimail has the following new options with no
+equivalent in post-receive-email.  You might want to read about them
+to see if they would be useful in your situation:
+
+"""
+
+
+def _check_old_config_exists(old):
+    """Check that at least one old configuration value is set."""
+
+    for name in OLD_NAMES:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _check_new_config_clear(new):
+    """Check that none of the new configuration names are set."""
+
+    retval = True
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if new.has_key(name):
+            if retval:
+                sys.stderr.write('INFO: The following configuration values already exist:\n\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name))
+            retval = False
+
+    return retval
+
+
+def erase_values(config, names):
+    for name in names:
+        if config.has_key(name):
+            try:
+                sys.stderr.write('...unsetting "%s.%s"\n' % (config.section, name))
+                config.unset_all(name)
+            except CommandError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '\nWARNING: could not unset "%s.%s".  '
+                    'Perhaps it is not set at the --local level?\n\n'
+                    % (config.section, name)
+                    )
+
+
+def is_section_empty(section, local):
+    """Return True iff the specified configuration section is empty.
+
+    Iff local is True, use the --local option when invoking 'git
+    config'."""
+
+    if local:
+        local_option = ['--local']
+    else:
+        local_option = []
+
+    try:
+        read_output(
+            ['git', 'config']
+            + local_option
+            + ['--get-regexp', '^%s\.' % (section,)]
+            )
+    except CommandError, e:
+        if e.retcode == 1:
+            # This means that no settings were found.
+            return True
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def remove_section_if_empty(section):
+    """If the specified configuration section is empty, delete it."""
+
+    try:
+        empty = is_section_empty(section, local=True)
+    except CommandError:
+        # Older versions of git do not support the --local option, so
+        # if the first attempt fails, try without --local.
+        try:
+            empty = is_section_empty(section, local=False)
+        except CommandError:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '\nINFO: If configuration section "%s.*" is empty, you might want '
+                'to delete it.\n\n'
+                % (section,)
+                )
+            return
+
+    if empty:
+        sys.stderr.write('...removing section "%s.*"\n' % (section,))
+        read_output(['git', 'config', '--remove-section', section])
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '\nINFO: Configuration section "%s.*" still has contents.  '
+            'It will not be deleted.\n\n'
+            % (section,)
+            )
+
+
+def migrate_config(strict=False, retain=False, overwrite=False):
+    old = Config('hooks')
+    new = Config('multimailhook')
+    if not _check_old_config_exists(old):
+        sys.exit(
+            'Your repository has no post-receive-email configuration.  '
+            'Nothing to do.'
+            )
+    if not _check_new_config_clear(new):
+        if overwrite:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: Erasing the above values...\n\n')
+            erase_values(new, NEW_NAMES)
+        else:
+            sys.exit(
+                '\nERROR: Refusing to overwrite existing values.  Use the --overwrite\n'
+                'option to continue anyway.'
+                )
+
+    name = 'showrev'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        msg = 'git-multimail does not support "%s.%s"' % (old.section, name,)
+        if strict:
+            sys.exit(
+                'ERROR: %s.\n'
+                'Please unset that value then try again, or run without --strict.'
+                % (msg,)
+                )
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: %s (ignoring).\n\n' % (msg,))
+
+    for name in ['mailinglist', 'announcelist']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set_recipients(name, old.get_recipients(name))
+
+    if strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.commitlist" to the empty string\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set_recipients('commitlist', '')
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.announceshortlog" to "true"\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set('announceshortlog', 'true')
+
+    for name in ['envelopesender', 'emailmaxlines', 'diffopts']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set(name, old.get(name))
+
+    name = 'emailprefix'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, old.get(name))
+    elif strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.%s" to "[SCM]" to preserve old subject lines\n'
+            % (new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, '[SCM]')
+
+    if not retain:
+        erase_values(old, OLD_NAMES)
+        remove_section_if_empty(old.section)
+
+    sys.stderr.write(INFO)
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if name not in OLD_NAMES:
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name,))
+    sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--strict', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Slavishly configure git-multimail as closely as possible to '
+            'the post-receive-email configuration.  Default is to turn '
+            'on some new features that have no equivalent in post-receive-email.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--retain', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Retain the post-receive-email configuration values.  '
+            'Default is to delete them after the new values are set.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--overwrite', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Overwrite any existing git-multimail configuration settings.  '
+            'Default is to abort if such settings already exist.'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if args:
+        parser.error('Unexpected arguments: %s' % (' '.join(args),))
+
+    migrate_config(strict=options.strict, retain=options.retain, overwrite=options.overwrite)
+
+
+main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..93ebb437d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Example post-receive hook based on git-multimail.
+
+This script is a simple example of a post-receive hook implemented
+using git_multimail.py as a Python module.  It is intended to be
+customized before use; see the comments in the script to help you get
+started.
+
+It is possible to use git_multimail.py itself as a post-receive or
+update hook, configured via git config settings and/or command-line
+parameters.  But for more flexibility, it can also be imported as a
+Python module by a custom post-receive script as done here.  The
+latter has the following advantages:
+
+* The tool's behavior can be customized using arbitrary Python code,
+  without having to edit git_multimail.py.
+
+* Configuration settings can be read from other sources; for example,
+  user names and email addresses could be read from LDAP or from a
+  database.  Or the settings can even be hardcoded in the importing
+  Python script, if this is preferred.
+
+This script is a very basic example of how to use git_multimail.py as
+a module.  The comments below explain some of the points at which the
+script's behavior could be changed or customized.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+# If necessary, add the path to the directory containing
+# git_multimail.py to the Python path as follows.  (This is not
+# necessary if git_multimail.py is in the same directory as this
+# script):
+
+#LIBDIR = 'path/to/directory/containing/module'
+#sys.path.insert(0, LIBDIR)
+
+import git_multimail
+
+
+# It is possible to modify the output templates here; e.g.:
+
+#git_multimail.FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+#
+#-- \n\
+#This email was generated by the wonderful git-multimail tool.
+#"""
+
+
+# Specify which "git config" section contains the configuration for
+# git-multimail:
+config = git_multimail.Config('multimailhook')
+
+
+# Select the type of environment:
+environment = git_multimail.GenericEnvironment(config=config)
+#environment = git_multimail.GitoliteEnvironment(config=config)
+
+
+# Choose the method of sending emails based on the git config:
+mailer = git_multimail.choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+# Alternatively, you may hardcode the mailer using code like one of
+# the following:
+
+# Use "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t" to send emails.  The envelopesender
+# argument is optional:
+#mailer = git_multimail.SendMailer(
+#    command=['/usr/sbin/sendmail', '-t'],
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    )
+
+# Use Python's smtplib to send emails.  Both arguments are required.
+#mailer = git_multimail.SMTPMailer(
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    # The smtpserver argument can also include a port number; e.g.,
+#    #     smtpserver='mail.example.com:25'
+#    smtpserver='mail.example.com',
+#    )
+
+# OutputMailer is intended only for testing; it writes the emails to
+# the specified file stream.
+#mailer = git_multimail.OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+
+
+# Read changes from stdin and send notification emails:
+git_multimail.run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index b2171a092e..8ee410f843 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -2,10 +2,19 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
 #
-# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.  This hook
-# sends emails listing new revisions to the repository introduced by the
-# change being reported.  The rule is that (for branch updates) each commit
-# will appear on one email and one email only.
+# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.
+#
+# NOTE: This script is no longer under active development.  There
+# is another script, git-multimail, which is more capable and
+# configurable and is largely backwards-compatible with this script;
+# please see "contrib/hooks/multimail/".  For instructions on how to
+# migrate from post-receive-email to git-multimail, please see
+# "README.migrate-from-post-receive-email" in that directory.
+#
+# This hook sends emails listing new revisions to the repository
+# introduced by the change being reported.  The rule is that (for
+# branch updates) each commit will appear on one email and one email
+# only.
 #
 # This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory.  Your distribution
 # will have put this somewhere standard.  You should make this script
@@ -233,10 +242,14 @@ generate_email_header()
 	cat <<-EOF
 	To: $recipients
 	Subject: ${emailprefix}$projectdesc $refname_type $short_refname ${change_type}d. $describe
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 	X-Git-Refname: $refname
 	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
 	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
 	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+	Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
 
 	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
 	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
@@ -461,7 +474,7 @@ generate_delete_branch_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -537,11 +550,11 @@ generate_atag_email()
 		# performed on them
 		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
 			# Show changes since the previous release
-			git rev-list --pretty=short "$prevtag..$newrev" | git shortlog
+			git shortlog "$prevtag..$newrev"
 		else
 			# No previous tag, show all the changes since time
 			# began
-			git rev-list --pretty=short $newrev | git shortlog
+			git shortlog $newrev
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -561,7 +574,7 @@ generate_delete_atag_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -607,7 +620,7 @@ generate_general_email()
 	echo ""
 	if [ "$newrev_type" = "commit" ]; then
 		echo $LOGBEGIN
-		git show --no-color --root -s --pretty=medium $newrev
+		git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=medium $newrev
 		echo $LOGEND
 	else
 		# What can we do here?  The tag marks an object that is not
@@ -626,7 +639,7 @@ generate_delete_general_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
index a577ad095f..2770a1b1d2 100644
--- a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use File::Find;
 use File::Basename;
 
 my $usage =
-"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+"usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
 This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
 info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
 
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae545b013d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+git-remote-mediawiki
+git-mw
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a9955d757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# These 3 rules demand to add the s, m and x flag to *every* regexp. This is
+# overkill and would be harmful for readability.
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireExtendedFormatting]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireDotMatchAnything]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireLineBoundaryMatching]
+
+# This rule says that builtin functions should not be called with parentheses
+# e.g.: (taken from CPAN's documentation)
+# open($handle, '>', $filename); #not ok
+# open $handle, '>', $filename;  #ok
+# Applying such a rule would mean modifying a huge number of lines for a
+# question of style.
+[-CodeLayout::ProhibitParensWithBuiltins]
+
+# This rule states that each system call should have its return value checked
+# The problem is that it includes the print call. Checking every print call's
+# return value would be harmful to the code readabilty.
+# This configuration keeps all default function but print.
+[InputOutput::RequireCheckedSyscalls]
+functions = open say close
+
+# This rules demands to add a dependancy for the Readonly module. This is not
+# wished.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitConstantPragma]
+
+# This rule is not really useful (rather a question of style) and produces many
+# warnings among the code.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitNoisyQuotes]
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d13c4dfa7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package Git::Mediawiki;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use Git;
+
+BEGIN {
+
+our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);
+
+# Totally unstable API.
+$VERSION = '0.01';
+
+require Exporter;
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+@EXPORT = ();
+
+# Methods which can be called as standalone functions as well:
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+				EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => '%2F';
+
+# Used to test for empty strings
+use constant EMPTY => q{};
+
+# HTTP codes
+use constant HTTP_CODE_OK => 200;
+use constant HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND => 404;
+
+sub clean_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}{/}g;
+	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
+	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
+	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
+	# an actual special character.
+	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
+	# If we use the uri escape before
+	# we should unescape here, before anything
+
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub smudge_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{/}{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}g;
+	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in clean_filename
+	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf('%c', hex($1))/ge;
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub connect_maybe {
+	my $wiki = shift;
+	if ($wiki) {
+		return $wiki;
+	}
+
+	my $remote_name = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($wiki_login, $wiki_password, $wiki_domain);
+
+	$wiki_login = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwLogin");
+	$wiki_password = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwPassword");
+	$wiki_domain = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwDomain");
+
+	$wiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
+	$wiki->{config}->{api_url} = "${remote_url}/api.php";
+	if ($wiki_login) {
+		my %credential = (
+			'url' => $remote_url,
+			'username' => $wiki_login,
+			'password' => $wiki_password
+		);
+		Git::credential(\%credential);
+		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
+			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
+			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
+		if ($wiki->login($request)) {
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'approve');
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Logged in mediawiki user "$credential{username}".\n);
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Failed to log in mediawiki user "$credential{username}" on ${remote_url}\n);
+			print {*STDERR} '  (error ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'reject');
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $wiki;
+}
+
+1; # Famous last words
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
index 3ed728b0ef..f206f9655b 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
@@ -1,47 +1,52 @@
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2012
-#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
 #
-## Build git-remote-mediawiki
+# To build and test:
+#
+#   make
+#   bin-wrapper/git mw preview Some_page.mw
+#   bin-wrapper/git clone mediawiki::http://example.com/wiki/
+#
+# To install, run Git's toplevel 'make install' then run:
+#
+#   make install
 
--include ../../config.mak.autogen
--include ../../config.mak
+GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM=Git/Mediawiki.pm
+SCRIPT_PERL=git-remote-mediawiki.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL+=git-mw.perl
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../..
+HERE=contrib/mw-to-git/
 
-ifndef PERL_PATH
-	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
-endif
-ifndef gitexecdir
-	gitexecdir = $(shell git --exec-path)
-endif
+SCRIPT_PERL_FULL=$(patsubst %,$(HERE)/%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+INSTLIBDIR=$(shell $(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR)/perl \
+                -s --no-print-directory instlibdir)
 
-PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
-gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
-SCRIPT = git-remote-mediawiki
+all: build
 
-.PHONY: install help doc test clean
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t
 
-help:
-	@echo 'This is the help target of the Makefile. Current configuration:'
-	@echo '  gitexecdir = $(gitexecdir_SQ)'
-	@echo '  PERL_PATH = $(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
-	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) install" to install $(SCRIPT) in gitexecdir'
-	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) test" to run the testsuite'
+check: perlcritic test
 
-install:
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' $(SCRIPT) \
-		> '$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$(SCRIPT)'
-	chmod +x '$(gitexecdir)/$(SCRIPT)'
+install_pm:
+	install $(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM) $(INSTLIBDIR)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)
 
-doc:
-	@echo 'Sorry, "make doc" is not implemented yet for $(SCRIPT)'
+build:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                build-perl-script
 
-test:
-	$(MAKE) -C t/ test
+install: install_pm
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                install-perl-script
 
 clean:
-	$(RM) '$(gitexecdir)/$(SCRIPT)'
-	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                clean-perl-script
+	rm $(INSTLIBDIR)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)
+
+perlcritic:
+	perlcritic -5 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+	-perlcritic -2 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+
+.PHONY: all test check install_pm install clean perlcritic
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6663ae57e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# git executable wrapper script for Git-Mediawiki to run tests without
+# installing all the scripts and perl packages.
+
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../../..
+GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd ${GIT_ROOT_DIR} && pwd)
+
+GITPERLLIB="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
+PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git:'"$PATH"
+
+export GITPERLLIB PATH
+
+exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/bin-wrappers/git" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..28df3ee321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Benoit Person <benoit.person@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Celestin Matte <celestin.matte@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Set of tools for git repo with a mediawiki remote.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use URI::URL qw(url);
+use LWP::UserAgent;
+use HTML::TreeBuilder;
+
+use Git;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+# Global parameters
+my $verbose = 0;
+sub v_print {
+	if ($verbose) {
+		return print {*STDERR} @_;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Preview parameters
+my $file_name = EMPTY;
+my $remote_name = EMPTY;
+my $preview_file_name = EMPTY;
+my $autoload = 0;
+sub file {
+	$file_name = shift;
+	return $file_name;
+}
+
+my %commands = (
+	'help' =>
+		[\&help, {}, \&help],
+	'preview' =>
+		[\&preview, {
+			'<>' => \&file,
+			'output|o=s' => \$preview_file_name,
+			'remote|r=s' => \$remote_name,
+			'autoload|a' => \$autoload
+		}, \&preview_help]
+);
+
+# Search for sub-command
+my $cmd = $commands{'help'};
+for (0..@ARGV-1) {
+	if (defined $commands{$ARGV[$_]}) {
+		$cmd = $commands{$ARGV[$_]};
+		splice @ARGV, $_, 1;
+		last;
+	}
+};
+GetOptions( %{$cmd->[1]},
+	'help|h' => \&{$cmd->[2]},
+	'verbose|v'  => \$verbose);
+
+# Launch command
+&{$cmd->[0]};
+
+############################# Preview Functions ################################
+
+sub preview_help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+USAGE: git mw preview [--remote|-r <remote name>] [--autoload|-a]
+                      [--output|-o <output filename>] [--verbose|-v]
+                      <blob> | <filename>
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+Preview is an utiliy to preview local content of a mediawiki repo as if it was
+pushed on the remote.
+
+For that, preview searches for the remote name of the current branch's
+upstream if --remote is not set. If that remote is not found or if it
+is not a mediawiki, it lists all mediawiki remotes configured and asks
+you to replay your command with the --remote option set properly.
+
+Then, it searches for a file named 'filename'. If it's not found in
+the current dir, it will assume it's a blob.
+
+The content retrieved in the file (or in the blob) will then be parsed
+by the remote mediawiki and combined with a template retrieved from
+the mediawiki.
+
+Finally, preview will save the HTML result in a file. and autoload it
+in your default web browser if the option --autoload is present.
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -r <remote name>, --remote <remote name>
+        If the remote is a mediawiki, the template and the parse engine
+        used for the preview will be those of that remote.
+        If not, a list of valid remotes will be shown.
+
+    -a, --autoload
+        Try to load the HTML output in a new tab (or new window) of your
+        default web browser.
+
+    -o <output filename>, --output <output filename>
+        Change the HTML output filename. Default filename is based on the
+        input filename with its extension replaced by '.html'.
+
+    -v, --verbose
+        Show more information on what's going on under the hood.
+END
+	exit;
+}
+
+sub preview {
+	my $wiki;
+	my ($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+	my ($new_content, $template);
+	my $file_content;
+
+	if ($file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		die "Missing file argument, see `git mw help`\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Selecting remote\n");
+	if ($remote_name eq EMPTY) {
+		$remote_name = find_upstream_remote_name();
+		if ($remote_name) {
+			$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		}
+
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			my @valid_remotes = find_mediawiki_remotes();
+
+			if ($#valid_remotes == 0) {
+				print {*STDERR} "No mediawiki remote in this repo. \n";
+				exit 1;
+			} else {
+				my $remotes_list = join("\n\t", @valid_remotes);
+				print {*STDERR} <<"MESSAGE";
+There are multiple mediawiki remotes, which of:
+	${remotes_list}
+do you want ? Use the -r option to specify the remote.
+MESSAGE
+			}
+
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!is_valid_remote($remote_name)) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a remote\n";
+		}
+
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a mediawiki remote\n";
+		}
+	}
+	v_print("selected remote:\n\tname: ${remote_name}\n\turl: ${remote_url}\n");
+
+	$wiki = connect_maybe($wiki, $remote_name, $remote_url);
+
+	# Read file content
+	if (! -e $file_name) {
+		$file_content = git_cmd_try {
+			Git::command('cat-file', 'blob', $file_name); }
+			"%s failed w/ code %d";
+
+		if ($file_name =~ /(.+):(.+)/) {
+			$file_name = $2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		open my $read_fh, "<", $file_name
+			or die "could not open ${file_name}: $!\n";
+		$file_content = do { local $/ = undef; <$read_fh> };
+		close $read_fh
+			or die "unable to close: $!\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Retrieving template\n");
+	($wiki_page_name = clean_filename($file_name)) =~ s/\.[^.]+$//;
+	$template = get_template($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+
+	v_print("### Parsing local content\n");
+	$new_content = $wiki->api({
+		action => 'parse',
+		text => $file_content,
+		title => $wiki_page_name
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	}) or die "No response from remote mediawiki\n";
+	$new_content = $new_content->{'parse'}->{'text'}->{'*'};
+
+	v_print("### Merging contents\n");
+	if ($preview_file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		($preview_file_name = $file_name) =~ s/\.[^.]+$/.html/;
+	}
+	open(my $save_fh, '>:encoding(UTF-8)', $preview_file_name)
+		or die "Could not open: $!\n";
+	print {$save_fh} merge_contents($template, $new_content, $remote_url);
+	close($save_fh)
+		or die "Could not close: $!\n";
+
+	v_print("### Results\n");
+	if ($autoload) {
+		v_print("Launching browser w/ file: ${preview_file_name}");
+		system('git', 'web--browse', $preview_file_name);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Preview file saved as: ${preview_file_name}\n";
+	}
+
+	exit;
+}
+
+# uses global scope variable: $remote_name
+sub merge_contents {
+	my $template = shift;
+	my $content = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($content_tree, $html_tree, $mw_content_text);
+	my $template_content_id = 'bodyContent';
+
+	$html_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$html_tree->parse($template);
+
+	$content_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$content_tree->parse($content);
+
+	$template_content_id = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent")
+		|| $template_content_id;
+	v_print("Using '${template_content_id}' as the content ID\n");
+
+	$mw_content_text = $html_tree->look_down('id', $template_content_id);
+	if (!defined $mw_content_text) {
+		print {*STDERR} <<"CONFIG";
+Could not combine the new content with the template. You might want to
+configure `mediawiki.IDContent` in your config:
+	git config --add remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent <id>
+and re-run the command afterward.
+CONFIG
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	$mw_content_text->delete_content();
+	$mw_content_text->push_content($content_tree);
+
+	make_links_absolute($html_tree, $remote_url);
+
+	return $html_tree->as_HTML;
+}
+
+sub make_links_absolute {
+	my $html_tree = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	for (@{ $html_tree->extract_links() }) {
+		my ($link, $element, $attr) = @{ $_ };
+		my $url = url($link)->canonical;
+		if ($url !~ /#/) {
+			$element->attr($attr, URI->new_abs($url, $remote_url));
+		}
+	}
+	return $html_tree;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_remote {
+	my $remote = shift;
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $found_remote = 0;
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		if ($remote eq $remote) {
+			$found_remote = 1;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	return $found_remote;
+}
+
+sub find_mediawiki_remotes {
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote'); }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $remote_url;
+	my @valid_remotes = ();
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote);
+		if ($remote_url) {
+			push(@valid_remotes, $remote);
+		}
+	}
+	return @valid_remotes;
+}
+
+sub find_upstream_remote_name {
+	my $current_branch = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command_oneline('symbolic-ref', '--short', 'HEAD') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	return Git::config("branch.${current_branch}.remote");
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_remote_url_maybe {
+	my $remote = shift;
+
+	# Find remote url
+	my $remote_url = Git::config("remote.${remote}.url");
+	if ($remote_url =~ s/mediawiki::(.*)/$1/) {
+		return url($remote_url)->canonical;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_template {
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $page_name = shift;
+	my ($req, $res, $code, $url_after);
+
+	$req = LWP::UserAgent->new;
+	if ($verbose) {
+		$req->show_progress(1);
+	}
+
+	$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php?title=${page_name}");
+	if (!$res->is_success) {
+		$code = $res->code;
+		$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+		if ($code == HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND) {
+			if ($verbose) {
+				print {*STDERR} <<"WARNING";
+Warning: Failed to retrieve '$page_name'. Create it on the mediawiki if you want
+all the links to work properly.
+Trying to use the mediawiki homepage as a fallback template ...
+WARNING
+			}
+
+			# LWP automatically redirects GET request
+			$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php");
+			if (!$res->is_success) {
+				$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+				die "Failed to get homepage @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			die "Failed to get '${page_name}' @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $res->decoded_content;
+}
+
+############################## Help Functions ##################################
+
+sub help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+usage: git mw <command> <args>
+
+git mw commands are:
+    help        Display help information about git mw
+    preview     Parse and render local file into HTML
+END
+	exit;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
index 094129de09..476e0a2bc0 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
@@ -13,22 +13,20 @@
 
 use strict;
 use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK);
 use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use warnings;
 
 # By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
-binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
-binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
 
 use URI::Escape;
-use IPC::Open2;
-
-use warnings;
-
-# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
-use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
 
 # It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
-# priviledges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
+# privileges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
 use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
 
 # It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
@@ -36,45 +34,57 @@ use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
 use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
 
 # used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
-use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+use constant NULL_SHA1 => '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
 
 # Used on Git's side to reflect empty edit messages on the wiki
 use constant EMPTY_MESSAGE => '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
 
+# Number of pages taken into account at once in submodule get_mw_page_list
+use constant SLICE_SIZE => 50;
+
+# Number of linked mediafile to get at once in get_linked_mediafiles
+# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
+# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
+use constant BATCH_SIZE => 10;
+
+if (@ARGV != 2) {
+	exit_error_usage();
+}
+
 my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
 my $url = $ARGV[1];
 
 # Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
 # Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
-my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
+my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.pages"));
 chomp(@tracked_pages);
 
 # Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
-my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
+my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.categories"));
 chomp(@tracked_categories);
 
 # Import media files on pull
-my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaimport");
+my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaimport");
 chomp($import_media);
-$import_media = ($import_media eq "true");
+$import_media = ($import_media eq 'true');
 
 # Export media files on push
-my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaexport");
+my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaexport");
 chomp($export_media);
-$export_media = !($export_media eq "false");
+$export_media = !($export_media eq 'false');
 
-my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
+my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwLogin");
 # Note: mwPassword is discourraged. Use the credential system instead.
-my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
-my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
+my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwPassword");
+my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwDomain");
 chomp($wiki_login);
 chomp($wiki_passwd);
 chomp($wiki_domain);
 
 # Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
-my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
+my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.shallow");
 chomp($shallow_import);
-$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
+$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq 'true');
 
 # Fetch (clone and pull) by revisions instead of by pages. This behavior
 # is more efficient when we have a wiki with lots of pages and we fetch
@@ -82,15 +92,18 @@ $shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
 # Possible values:
 # - by_rev: perform one query per new revision on the remote wiki
 # - by_page: query each tracked page for new revision
-my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy");
-unless ($fetch_strategy) {
-	$fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy");
+my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy");
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = run_git('config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy');
 }
 chomp($fetch_strategy);
-unless ($fetch_strategy) {
-	$fetch_strategy = "by_page";
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = 'by_page';
 }
 
+# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
+my %basetimestamps;
+
 # Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
 #
 # Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
@@ -105,48 +118,25 @@ unless ($fetch_strategy) {
 # will get the history with information lost). If the import is
 # deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
 # MediaWiki revision.
-my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
-unless ($dumb_push) {
-	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
+my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.dumbPush");
+if (!$dumb_push) {
+	$dumb_push = run_git('config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush');
 }
 chomp($dumb_push);
-$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
+$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq 'true');
 
 my $wiki_name = $url;
-$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
+$wiki_name =~ s{[^/]*://}{};
 # If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
 # want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
 # and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
 $wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
 
 # Commands parser
-my $entry;
-my @cmd;
 while (<STDIN>) {
 	chomp;
-	@cmd = split(/ /);
-	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
-		# Line not blank
-		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
-			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
-			mw_capabilities();
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
-			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_list($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
-			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_import($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
-			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
-			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
-			mw_push($cmd[1]);
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
-			last;
-		}
-	} else {
-		# blank line: we should terminate
+
+	if (!parse_command($_)) {
 		last;
 	}
 
@@ -156,107 +146,91 @@ while (<STDIN>) {
 
 ########################## Functions ##############################
 
-## credential API management (generic functions)
-
-sub credential_read {
-	my %credential;
-	my $reader = shift;
-	my $op = shift;
-	while (<$reader>) {
-		my ($key, $value) = /([^=]*)=(.*)/;
-		if (not defined $key) {
-			die "ERROR receiving response from git credential $op:\n$_\n";
-		}
-		$credential{$key} = $value;
-	}
-	return %credential;
+## error handling
+sub exit_error_usage {
+	die "ERROR: git-remote-mediawiki module was not called with a correct number of\n" .
+	    "parameters\n" .
+	    "You may obtain this error because you attempted to run the git-remote-mediawiki\n" .
+            "module directly.\n" .
+	    "This module can be used the following way:\n" .
+	    "\tgit clone mediawiki://<address of a mediawiki>\n" .
+	    "Then, use git commit, push and pull as with every normal git repository.\n";
 }
 
-sub credential_write {
-	my $credential = shift;
-	my $writer = shift;
-	# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
-	print $writer "url=$credential->{url}\n" if exists $credential->{url};
-	while (my ($key, $value) = each(%$credential) ) {
-		if (length $value && $key ne 'url') {
-			print $writer "$key=$value\n";
-		}
+sub parse_command {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+	my @cmd = split(/ /, $line);
+	if (!defined $cmd[0]) {
+		return 0;
 	}
-}
-
-sub credential_run {
-	my $op = shift;
-	my $credential = shift;
-	my $pid = open2(my $reader, my $writer, "git credential $op");
-	credential_write($credential, $writer);
-	print $writer "\n";
-	close($writer);
-
-	if ($op eq "fill") {
-		%$credential = credential_read($reader, $op);
+	if ($cmd[0] eq 'capabilities') {
+		die("Too many arguments for capabilities\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[1]));
+		mw_capabilities();
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'list') {
+		die("Too many arguments for list\n") if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_list($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'import') {
+		die("Invalid argument for import\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for import\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_import($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'option') {
+		die("Invalid arguments for option\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY || $cmd[2] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for option\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[3]));
+		mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'push') {
+		mw_push($cmd[1]);
 	} else {
-		if (<$reader>) {
-			die "ERROR while running git credential $op:\n$_";
-		}
-	}
-	close($reader);
-	waitpid($pid, 0);
-	my $child_exit_status = $? >> 8;
-	if ($child_exit_status != 0) {
-		die "'git credential $op' failed with code $child_exit_status.";
+		print {*STDERR} "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
+		return 0;
 	}
+	return 1;
 }
 
 # MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
 my $mediawiki;
 
-sub mw_connect_maybe {
-	if ($mediawiki) {
-		return;
-	}
-	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
-	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
-	if ($wiki_login) {
-		my %credential = (url => $url);
-		$credential{username} = $wiki_login;
-		$credential{password} = $wiki_passwd;
-		credential_run("fill", \%credential);
-		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
-			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
-			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
-		if ($mediawiki->login($request)) {
-			credential_run("approve", \%credential);
-			print STDERR "Logged in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\".\n";
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\" on $url\n";
-			print STDERR "  (error " .
-				$mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
-				$mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
-			credential_run("reject", \%credential);
-			exit 1;
-		}
+sub fatal_mw_error {
+	my $action = shift;
+	print STDERR "fatal: could not $action.\n";
+	print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+	if ($url =~ /^https/) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: and the SSL certificate is correct.\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
 	}
+	print STDERR "fatal: (error " .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+	exit 1;
 }
 
 ## Functions for listing pages on the remote wiki
 sub get_mw_tracked_pages {
 	my $pages = shift;
 	get_mw_page_list(\@tracked_pages, $pages);
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_page_list {
 	my $page_list = shift;
 	my $pages = shift;
-	my @some_pages = @$page_list;
+	my @some_pages = @{$page_list};
 	while (@some_pages) {
-		my $last = 50;
-		if ($#some_pages < $last) {
-			$last = $#some_pages;
+		my $last_page = SLICE_SIZE;
+		if ($#some_pages < $last_page) {
+			$last_page = $#some_pages;
 		}
-		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
+		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last_page];
 		get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, $pages);
-		@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
+		@some_pages = @some_pages[(SLICE_SIZE + 1)..$#some_pages];
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
@@ -266,7 +240,7 @@ sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
 			# Mediawiki requires the Category
 			# prefix, but let's not force the user
 			# to specify it.
-			$category = "Category:" . $category;
+			$category = "Category:${category}";
 		}
 		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
 			action => 'query',
@@ -274,11 +248,12 @@ sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
 			cmtitle => $category,
 			cmlimit => 'max' } )
 			|| die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': '
-				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_all_pages {
@@ -290,14 +265,12 @@ sub get_mw_all_pages {
 		aplimit => 'max'
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
+		fatal_mw_error("get the list of wiki pages");
 	}
 	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 # queries the wiki for a set of pages. Meant to be used within a loop
@@ -316,25 +289,23 @@ sub get_mw_first_pages {
 		titles => $titles,
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
+		fatal_mw_error("query the list of wiki pages");
 	}
 	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
 		if ($id < 0) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
 		} else {
 			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 # Get the list of pages to be fetched according to configuration.
 sub get_mw_pages {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
-	print STDERR "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
 
 	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
 	my $user_defined;
@@ -352,14 +323,14 @@ sub get_mw_pages {
 		get_mw_all_pages(\%pages);
 	}
 	if ($import_media) {
-		print STDERR "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
 		if ($user_defined) {
 			get_linked_mediafiles(\%pages);
 		} else {
 			get_all_mediafiles(\%pages);
 		}
 	}
-	print STDERR (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
+	print {*STDERR} (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
 	return %pages;
 }
 
@@ -367,9 +338,13 @@ sub get_mw_pages {
 #        $out = run_git("command args", "raw"); # don't interpret output as UTF-8.
 sub run_git {
 	my $args = shift;
-	my $encoding = (shift || "encoding(UTF-8)");
-	open(my $git, "-|:$encoding", "git " . $args);
-	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
+	my $encoding = (shift || 'encoding(UTF-8)');
+	open(my $git, "-|:${encoding}", "git ${args}")
+	    or die "Unable to fork: $!\n";
+	my $res = do {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		<$git>
+	};
 	close($git);
 
 	return $res;
@@ -384,27 +359,26 @@ sub get_all_mediafiles {
 	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
 		action => 'query',
 		list => 'allpages',
-		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
 		aplimit => 'max'
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_linked_mediafiles {
 	my $pages = shift;
-	my @titles = map $_->{title}, values(%{$pages});
+	my @titles = map { $_->{title} } values(%{$pages});
 
-	# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
-	# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
-	my $batch = 10;
+	my $batch = BATCH_SIZE;
 	while (@titles) {
 		if ($#titles < $batch) {
 			$batch = $#titles;
@@ -420,7 +394,7 @@ sub get_linked_mediafiles {
 			action => 'query',
 			prop => 'links|images',
 			titles => $mw_titles,
-			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
 			pllimit => 'max'
 		};
 		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
@@ -428,11 +402,13 @@ sub get_linked_mediafiles {
 		while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$result->{query}->{pages}})) {
 			my @media_titles;
 			if (defined($page->{links})) {
-				my @link_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{links}};
+				my @link_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{links}};
 				push(@media_titles, @link_titles);
 			}
 			if (defined($page->{images})) {
-				my @image_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{images}};
+				my @image_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{images}};
 				push(@media_titles, @image_titles);
 			}
 			if (@media_titles) {
@@ -442,6 +418,7 @@ sub get_linked_mediafiles {
 
 		@titles = @titles[($batch+1)..$#titles];
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
@@ -455,7 +432,7 @@ sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
 		prop => 'imageinfo',
-		titles => "File:" . $filename,
+		titles => "File:${filename}",
 		iistart => $timestamp,
 		iiend => $timestamp,
 		iiprop => 'timestamp|archivename|url',
@@ -473,53 +450,50 @@ sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
 		$mediafile{timestamp} = $fileinfo->{timestamp};
 		# Mediawiki::API's download function doesn't support https URLs
 		# and can't download old versions of files.
-		print STDERR "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
 		$mediafile{content} = download_mw_mediafile($fileinfo->{url});
 	}
 	return %mediafile;
 }
 
 sub download_mw_mediafile {
-	my $url = shift;
+	my $download_url = shift;
 
-	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($url);
-	if ($response->code == 200) {
+	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($download_url);
+	if ($response->code == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
 		return $response->decoded_content;
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
-		print STDERR "URL: $url\n";
-		print STDERR "Server response: " . $response->code . " " . $response->message . "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "URL: ${download_url}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} 'Server response: ' . $response->code . q{ } . $response->message . "\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 }
 
 sub get_last_local_revision {
 	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
-	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
 	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
 
 	my $lastrevision_number;
-	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
-		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
+	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq 'mediawiki_revision:')) {
+		print {*STDERR} 'No previous mediawiki revision found';
 		$lastrevision_number = 0;
 	} else {
 		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
 		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
 		chomp($lastrevision_number);
-		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
+		print {*STDERR} "Last local mediawiki revision found is ${lastrevision_number}";
 	}
 	return $lastrevision_number;
 }
 
-# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
-my %basetimestamps;
-
 # Get the last remote revision without taking in account which pages are
 # tracked or not. This function makes a single request to the wiki thus
 # avoid a loop onto all tracked pages. This is useful for the fetch-by-rev
 # option.
 sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
@@ -535,14 +509,14 @@ sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
 # Get the last remote revision concerning the tracked pages and the tracked
 # categories.
 sub get_last_remote_revision {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
 	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
 
 	my $max_rev_num = 0;
 
-	print STDERR "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
 
 	foreach my $page (@pages) {
 		my $id = $page->{pageid};
@@ -563,7 +537,7 @@ sub get_last_remote_revision {
 		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
 	}
 
-	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
 	return $max_rev_num;
 }
 
@@ -574,7 +548,7 @@ sub mediawiki_clean {
 	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
 	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
 	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
-	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
+	if ($string eq EMPTY && $page_created) {
 		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
 		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
 	}
@@ -585,38 +559,16 @@ sub mediawiki_clean {
 sub mediawiki_smudge {
 	my $string = shift;
 	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
-		$string = "";
+		$string = EMPTY;
 	}
 	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
-	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
-	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
-	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
-	# an actual special character.
-	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
-	# If we use the uri escape before
-	# we should unescape here, before anything
-
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
-	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
-	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
-	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
-	return $filename;
+	return "${string}\n";
 }
 
 sub literal_data {
 	my ($content) = @_;
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub literal_data_raw {
@@ -624,33 +576,40 @@ sub literal_data_raw {
 	my ($content) = @_;
 	# Avoid confusion between size in bytes and in characters
 	utf8::downgrade($content);
-	binmode STDOUT, ":raw";
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
-	binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_capabilities {
 	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
 	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
 	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
-	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
-	print STDOUT "import\n";
-	print STDOUT "list\n";
-	print STDOUT "push\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/*\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "import\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "list\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "push\n";
+	if ($dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "no-private-update\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_list {
 	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
 	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
-	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "? refs/heads/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_option {
-	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
-	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "unsupported\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
@@ -666,6 +625,9 @@ sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
 		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
 		rvlimit => 500,
 		pageids => $id,
+
+		# Let MediaWiki know that we support the latest API.
+		continue => '',
 	};
 
 	my $revnum = 0;
@@ -681,15 +643,22 @@ sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
 			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
 			$revnum++;
 		}
-		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
-		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+
+		if ($result->{'query-continue'}) { # For legacy APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+		} elsif ($result->{continue}) { # For newer APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{continue}->{rvcontinue};
+			$query->{continue} = $result->{continue}->{continue};
+		} else {
+			last;
+		}
 	}
 	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
-		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
 		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
 		return $page_revs[0];
 	}
-	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "  Found ${revnum} revision(s).\n";
 	return @page_revs;
 }
 
@@ -701,8 +670,7 @@ sub fetch_mw_revisions {
 	my $n = 1;
 	foreach my $page (@pages) {
 		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "page ${n}/", scalar(@pages), ': ', $page->{title}, "\n";
 		$n++;
 		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
 		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
@@ -716,7 +684,7 @@ sub fe_escape_path {
     $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
     $path =~ s/"/\\"/g;
     $path =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
-    return '"' . $path . '"';
+    return qq("${path}");
 }
 
 sub import_file_revision {
@@ -736,42 +704,43 @@ sub import_file_revision {
 	my $author = $commit{author};
 	my $date = $commit{date};
 
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "mark :${n}\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
 	literal_data($comment);
 
 	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
 	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master^0\n";
 	}
 	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
-		print STDOUT "M 644 inline " .
-		    fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline ' .
+		    fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
 		literal_data($content);
 		if (%mediafile) {
-			print STDOUT "M 644 inline "
+			print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline '
 			    . fe_escape_path($mediafile{title}) . "\n";
 			literal_data_raw($mediafile{content});
 		}
-		print STDOUT "\n\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
 	} else {
-		print STDOUT "D " . fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} 'D ' . fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
 	}
 
 	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
 	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "reset refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data('Note added by git-mediawiki during import');
 	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki^0\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
-	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
-	print STDOUT "\n\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "N inline :${n}\n";
+	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: $commit{mw_revision}");
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 # parse a sequence of
@@ -784,23 +753,25 @@ sub get_more_refs {
 	my @refs;
 	while (1) {
 		my $line = <STDIN>;
-		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
+		if ($line =~ /^$cmd (.*)$/) {
 			push(@refs, $1);
 		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
 			return @refs;
 		} else {
-			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
+			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: $_\n");
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import {
 	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
-	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
+	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs('import'));
 	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
 		mw_import_ref($ref);
 	}
-	print STDOUT "done\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "done\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import_ref {
@@ -810,40 +781,41 @@ sub mw_import_ref {
 	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
 	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
 	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
-	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
+	if ($ref eq 'HEAD') {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
-	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Searching revisions...\n";
 	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
 	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
 	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from beginning.\n";
 	} else {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from here.\n";
 	}
 
 	my $n = 0;
-	if ($fetch_strategy eq "by_rev") {
-		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
+	if ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_rev') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
 		$n = mw_import_ref_by_revs($fetch_from);
-	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq "by_page") {
-		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
+	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_page') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
 		$n = mw_import_ref_by_pages($fetch_from);
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "fatal: invalid fetch strategy \"$fetch_strategy\".\n";
-		print STDERR "Check your configuration variables remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
+		print {*STDERR} qq(fatal: invalid fetch strategy "${fetch_strategy}".\n);
+		print {*STDERR} "Check your configuration variables remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 
 	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
-		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
 		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
-		# thrown saying that HEAD is refering to unknown object 0000000000000000000
+		# thrown saying that HEAD is referring to unknown object 0000000000000000000
 		# and the clone fails.
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
@@ -855,7 +827,7 @@ sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
 	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
 
 	@revisions = sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions;
-	my @revision_ids = map $_->{revid}, @revisions;
+	my @revision_ids = map { $_->{revid} } @revisions;
 
 	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
 }
@@ -882,7 +854,7 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 	my $n_actual = 0;
 	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
 
-	foreach my $pagerevid (@$revision_ids) {
+	foreach my $pagerevid (@{$revision_ids}) {
 	        # Count page even if we skip it, since we display
 		# $n/$total and $total includes skipped pages.
 		$n++;
@@ -898,7 +870,7 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
 
 		if (!$result) {
-			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid";
+			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid\n";
 		}
 
 		if (defined($result->{query}->{badrevids}->{$pagerevid})) {
@@ -907,7 +879,7 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 		}
 
 		if (!defined($result->{query}->{pages})) {
-			die "Invalid revision $pagerevid.";
+			die "Invalid revision ${pagerevid}.\n";
 		}
 
 		my @result_pages = values(%{$result->{query}->{pages}});
@@ -917,8 +889,8 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 		my $page_title = $result_page->{title};
 
 		if (!exists($pages->{$page_title})) {
-			print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids),
-				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of $page_title\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}),
+				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of ${page_title}\n";
 			next;
 		}
 
@@ -927,7 +899,7 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 		my %commit;
 		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
 		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || EMPTY_MESSAGE;
-		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename($page_title);
+		$commit{title} = smudge_filename($page_title);
 		$commit{mw_revision} = $rev->{revid};
 		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
 
@@ -943,14 +915,14 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 		my %mediafile;
 		if ($namespace) {
 			my $id = get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
-			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id("File")) {
+			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id('File')) {
 				%mediafile = get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision($filename, $rev->{timestamp});
 			}
 		}
 		# If this is a revision of the media page for new version
 		# of a file do one common commit for both file and media page.
 		# Else do commit only for that page.
-		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
 		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n_actual, \%mediafile);
 	}
 
@@ -958,17 +930,17 @@ sub mw_import_revids {
 }
 
 sub error_non_fast_forward {
-	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
+	my $advice = run_git('config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward');
 	chomp($advice);
-	if ($advice ne "false") {
+	if ($advice ne 'false') {
 		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
 		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
 		# ourselves before.
-		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
-		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
-		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} qq(error $_[0] "non-fast-forward"\n);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -979,34 +951,34 @@ sub mw_upload_file {
 	my $file_deleted = shift;
 	my $summary = shift;
 	my $newrevid;
-	my $path = "File:" . $complete_file_name;
+	my $path = "File:${complete_file_name}";
 	my %hashFiles = get_allowed_file_extensions();
 	if (!exists($hashFiles{$extension})) {
-		print STDERR "$complete_file_name is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "${complete_file_name} is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
 		return $newrevid;
 	}
 	# Deleting and uploading a file requires a priviledged user
 	if ($file_deleted) {
-		mw_connect_maybe();
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 		my $query = {
 			action => 'delete',
 			title => $path,
 			reason => $summary
 		};
 		if (!$mediawiki->edit($query)) {
-			print STDERR "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
-			print STDERR "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
-			print STDERR $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			print {*STDERR} "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
+			print {*STDERR} $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
 			exit 1;
 		}
 	} else {
 		# Don't let perl try to interpret file content as UTF-8 => use "raw"
-		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1", "raw");
-		if ($content ne "") {
-			mw_connect_maybe();
+		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}", 'raw');
+		if ($content ne EMPTY) {
+			$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 			$mediawiki->{config}->{upload_url} =
-				"$url/index.php/Special:Upload";
+				"${url}/index.php/Special:Upload";
 			$mediawiki->edit({
 				action => 'upload',
 				filename => $complete_file_name,
@@ -1018,12 +990,12 @@ sub mw_upload_file {
 			}, {
 				skip_encoding => 1
 			} ) || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':'
-				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 			my $last_file_page = $mediawiki->get_page({title => $path});
 			$newrevid = $last_file_page->{revid};
-			print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $complete_file_name.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${complete_file_name}.\n";
 		} else {
-			print STDERR "Empty file $complete_file_name not pushed.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Empty file ${complete_file_name} not pushed.\n";
 		}
 	}
 	return $newrevid;
@@ -1045,37 +1017,37 @@ sub mw_push_file {
 	my $newrevid;
 
 	if ($summary eq EMPTY_MESSAGE) {
-		$summary = '';
+		$summary = EMPTY;
 	}
 
 	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
 	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
 	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
 	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
+	$complete_file_name = clean_filename($complete_file_name);
 
 	my ($title, $extension) = $complete_file_name =~ /^(.*)\.([^\.]*)$/;
 	if (!defined($extension)) {
-		$extension = "";
+		$extension = EMPTY;
 	}
-	if ($extension eq "mw") {
+	if ($extension eq 'mw') {
 		my $ns = get_mw_namespace_id_for_page($complete_file_name);
-		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id("File") && (!$export_media)) {
-			print STDERR "Ignoring media file related page: $complete_file_name\n";
-			return ($oldrevid, "ok");
+		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id('File') && (!$export_media)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file related page: ${complete_file_name}\n";
+			return ($oldrevid, 'ok');
 		}
 		my $file_content;
 		if ($page_deleted) {
 			# Deleting a page usually requires
-			# special priviledges. A common
+			# special privileges. A common
 			# convention is to replace the page
 			# with this content instead:
 			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
 		} else {
-			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
+			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}");
 		}
 
-		mw_connect_maybe();
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
 			action => 'edit',
@@ -1089,49 +1061,49 @@ sub mw_push_file {
 		if (!$result) {
 			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
 				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
-				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
+				print {*STDERR} 'Warning: Error ' .
 				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
 				    ".\n";
-				return ($oldrevid, "non-fast-forward");
+				return ($oldrevid, 'non-fast-forward');
 			} else {
 				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
 				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
 				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 			}
 		}
 		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
-		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${title}\n";
 	} elsif ($export_media) {
 		$newrevid = mw_upload_file($complete_file_name, $new_sha1,
 					   $extension, $page_deleted,
 					   $summary);
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Ignoring media file $title\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file ${title}\n";
 	}
 	$newrevid = ($newrevid or $oldrevid);
-	return ($newrevid, "ok");
+	return ($newrevid, 'ok');
 }
 
 sub mw_push {
 	# multiple push statements can follow each other
-	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
+	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs('push'));
 	my $pushed;
 	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
 		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
-		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
+		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>\n");
 		if ($force) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
 		}
-		if ($local eq "") {
-			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
+		if ($local eq EMPTY) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} cannot delete\n";
 			next;
 		}
-		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
-			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
+		if ($remote ne 'refs/heads/master') {
+			print {*STDERR} "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} only master allowed\n";
 			next;
 		}
 		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
@@ -1140,30 +1112,32 @@ sub mw_push {
 	}
 
 	# Notify Git that the push is done
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
 
 	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
-		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
-		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  git pull --rebase\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_push_revision {
 	my $local = shift;
 	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
 	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
-	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
+	print {*STDERR} ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
 	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
 	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
 
 	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
-	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
+	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse ${local} 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($HEAD_sha1);
 	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
-	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
 	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
 
 	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
@@ -1182,22 +1156,22 @@ sub mw_push_revision {
 	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
 		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
 		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
-		print STDERR "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
-		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents $local ^$parsed_sha1"));
+		print {*STDERR} "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
+		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents ${local} ^${parsed_sha1}"));
 		my %local_ancestry;
 		foreach my $line (@local_ancestry) {
-			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ m/^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
-				foreach my $parent (split(' ', $parents)) {
+			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ /^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
+				foreach my $parent (split(/ /, $parents)) {
 					$local_ancestry{$parent} = $child;
 				}
-			} elsif (!$line =~ m/^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
-				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: $line";
+			} elsif (!$line =~ /^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
+				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: ${line}\n";
 			}
 		}
 		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
 			my $child = $local_ancestry{$parsed_sha1};
 			if (!$child) {
-				printf STDERR "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
+				print {*STDERR} "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
 				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
 			}
 			push(@commit_pairs, [$parsed_sha1, $child]);
@@ -1206,12 +1180,12 @@ sub mw_push_revision {
 	} else {
 		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
 		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
-		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
-		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
-		my @history = split('\n', $history);
+		print {*STDERR} "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
+		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children ${local}");
+		my @history = split(/\n/, $history);
 		@history = @history[1..$#history];
 		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
+			my @commit_info_split = split(/[ \n]/, $line);
 			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1219,12 +1193,12 @@ sub mw_push_revision {
 	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
 		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
 		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
-		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
+		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z ${sha1_child} ${sha1_commit}");
 		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
 		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
 		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
 		# Keep the subject line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
-		my $commit_msg = run_git("log --no-walk --format=\"%s\" $sha1_commit");
+		my $commit_msg = run_git(qq(log --no-walk --format="%s" ${sha1_commit}));
 		chomp($commit_msg);
 		# Push every blob
 		while (@diff_info_list) {
@@ -1236,7 +1210,7 @@ sub mw_push_revision {
 			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
 			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
 			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
-			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
+			if ($status eq 'non-fast-forward') {
 				# we may already have sent part of the
 				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
 				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
@@ -1244,22 +1218,21 @@ sub mw_push_revision {
 				# accurate error message.
 				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
 			}
-			if ($status ne "ok") {
-				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
+			if ($status ne 'ok') {
+				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()\n");
 			}
 		}
-		unless ($dumb_push) {
-			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -f -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
-			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
+		if (!$dumb_push) {
+			run_git(qq(notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki add -f -m "mediawiki_revision: ${mw_revision}" ${sha1_commit}));
 		}
 	}
 
-	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "ok ${remote}\n";
 	return 1;
 }
 
 sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
@@ -1267,8 +1240,8 @@ sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
 		siprop => 'fileextensions'
 		};
 	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-	my @file_extensions= map $_->{ext},@{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
-	my %hashFile = map {$_ => 1}@file_extensions;
+	my @file_extensions = map { $_->{ext}} @{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
+	my %hashFile = map { $_ => 1 } @file_extensions;
 
 	return %hashFile;
 }
@@ -1283,15 +1256,15 @@ my %cached_mw_namespace_id;
 # Return MediaWiki id for a canonical namespace name.
 # Ex.: "File", "Project".
 sub get_mw_namespace_id {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 	my $name = shift;
 
 	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
 		# Look at configuration file, if the record for that namespace is
 		# already cached. Namespaces are stored in form:
 		# "Name_of_namespace:Id_namespace", ex.: "File:6".
-		my @temp = split(/[\n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote."
-						. $remotename .".namespaceCache"));
+		my @temp = split(/\n/,
+				 run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache"));
 		chomp(@temp);
 		foreach my $ns (@temp) {
 			my ($n, $id) = split(/:/, $ns);
@@ -1305,7 +1278,7 @@ sub get_mw_namespace_id {
 	}
 
 	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
-		print STDERR "Namespace $name not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Namespace ${name} not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
 		# NS not found => get namespace id from MW and store it in
 	        # configuration file.
 	        my $query = {
@@ -1329,8 +1302,8 @@ sub get_mw_namespace_id {
 	my $ns = $namespace_id{$name};
 	my $id;
 
-	unless (defined $ns) {
-		print STDERR "No such namespace $name on MediaWiki.\n";
+	if (!defined $ns) {
+		print {*STDERR} "No such namespace ${name} on MediaWiki.\n";
 		$ns = {is_namespace => 0};
 		$namespace_id{$name} = $ns;
 	}
@@ -1344,15 +1317,15 @@ sub get_mw_namespace_id {
 
 	# Store explicitely requested namespaces on disk
 	if (!exists $cached_mw_namespace_id{$name}) {
-		run_git("config --add remote.". $remotename
-			.".namespaceCache \"". $name .":". $store_id ."\"");
+		run_git(qq(config --add remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache "${name}:${store_id}"));
 		$cached_mw_namespace_id{$name} = 1;
 	}
 	return $id;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_namespace_id_for_page {
-	if (my ($namespace) = $_[0] =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
+	my $namespace = shift;
+	if ($namespace =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
 		return get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
 	} else {
 		return;
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
index 4d211f5b81..23b7ef9f62 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ objects from mediawiki just as one would do with a classic git
 repository thanks to remote-helpers.
 
 For more information, visit the wiki at
-https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
+https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
index 96e97390cf..03f6ee5d72 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Principles and Technical Choices
 
 The test environment makes it easy to install and manipulate one or
 several MediaWiki instances. To allow developers to run the testsuite
-easily, the environment does not require root priviledge (except to
+easily, the environment does not require root privilege (except to
 install the required packages if needed). It starts a webserver
 instance on the user's account (using lighttpd greatly helps for
 that), and does not need a separate database daemon (thanks to the use
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ parameters, please refer to the `test-gitmw-lib.sh` and
 
 ** `test_check_wiki_precond`:
 Check if the tests must be skipped or not. Please use this function
-at the beggining of each new test file.
+at the beginning of each new test file.
 
 ** `wiki_getpage`:
 Fetch a given page from the wiki and puts its content in the
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Tests if a given page exists on the wiki.
 
 ** `wiki_reset`:
 Reset the wiki, i.e. flush the database. Use this function at the
-begining of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
+beginning of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
 (and history) as the previous test.
 
 How to write a new test
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
index c6d6fa3aef..70a53f67fd 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ fi
 
 . "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"/test-gitmw-lib.sh
 usage () {
-	echo "Usage: "
+	echo "usage: "
 	echo "	./install-wiki.sh <install | delete | --help>"
 	echo "		install | -i :	Install a wiki on your computer."
 	echo "		delete | -d : Delete the wiki and all its pages and "
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
index 29f125116b..745e47e881 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ $wgShellLocale = "en_US.utf8";
 
 ## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
 ## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
-## be publically accessible from the web.
+## be publicly accessible from the web.
 #$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";
 
 # Site language code, should be one of the list in ./languages/Names.php
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
index b6405ce262..37021e200a 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ test_expect_success 'character $ in file name (git -> mw) ' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'capital at the begining of file names' '
+test_expect_failure 'capital at the beginning of file names' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
 	(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'capital at the begining of file names' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'special character at the begining of file name from mw to git' '
+test_expect_failure 'special character at the beginning of file name from mw to git' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
 	wiki_editpage {char_1 "expect to be renamed {char_1" false &&
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Push page with title containing ":" other than namespace se
 	wiki_page_exist NotANameSpace:Page
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from mw to git' '
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from mw to git' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
 	wiki_editpage char_%_7b_1 "expect to be renamed char{_1" false &&
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from mw to git' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'test of correct formating for file name begining with special character' '
+test_expect_failure 'test of correct formatting for file name beginning with special character' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
 	(
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'test of correct formating for file name begining with speci
 		echo "my new file {char_1" >\{char_1.mw &&
 		echo "my new file [char_2" >\[char_2.mw &&
 		git add . &&
-		git commit -am "commiting some exotic file name..." &&
+		git commit -am "committing some exotic file name..." &&
 		git push &&
 		git pull
 	) &&
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'test of correct formating for file name begining with speci
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from git to mw' '
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from git to mw' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
 	(
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from git to mw' '
 		echo "my new file char{_1" >Char\{_1.mw &&
 		echo "my new file char[_2" >Char\[_2.mw &&
 		git add . &&
-		git commit -m "commiting some exotic file name..." &&
+		git commit -m "committing some exotic file name..." &&
 		git push
 	) &&
 	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 &&
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..27e267f532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: queries w/ more than 500 results'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'creating page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	for i in `test_seq 501`
+	do
+		echo "creating revision $i" &&
+		wiki_editpage foo "revision $i<br/>" true
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
index 3b2cfacf51..ca6860ff30 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -62,12 +62,8 @@ test_check_precond () {
 		test_done
 	fi
 
-	if [ ! -f "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git-remote-mediawiki ];
-	then
-		echo "No remote mediawiki for git found. Copying it in git"
-		echo "cp $GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki $GIT_BUILD_DIR/"
-		ln -s "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"
-	fi
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd "../.." && pwd)
+	PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/bin-wrapper:'"$PATH"
 
 	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ];
 	then
@@ -336,20 +332,21 @@ wiki_install () {
 	fi
 
 	# Fetch MediaWiki's archive if not already present in the TMP directory
+	MW_FILENAME="mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
 	cd "$TMP"
-	if [ ! -f "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz" ] ; then
-		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION sources ..."
-		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz" ||
+	if [ ! -f $MW_FILENAME ] ; then
+		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR sources ..."
+		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/$MW_FILENAME" ||
 			error "Unable to download "\
-			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/"\
-			"mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz. "\
+			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/"\
+			"$MW_FILENAME. "\
 			"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
-		echo "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`. "\
+		echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`. "\
 			"You can delete it later if you want."
 	else
-		echo "Reusing existing $MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`."
+		echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`."
 	fi
-	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/"$MW_VERSION.tar.gz"
+	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/$MW_FILENAME
 	cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
 		error "can't cd to $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/"
 	tar xzf "$archive_abs_path" --strip-components=1 ||
@@ -431,5 +428,5 @@ wiki_delete () {
 	# Delete the wiki's SQLite database
 	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" || error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
 	rm -f "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE"
-	rm -rf "$TMP/$MW_VERSION"
+	rm -rf "$TMP/mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
 }
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
index 958b37b4a7..4cfebe9c69 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ WEB_WWW=$WEB/www
 
 # The variables below are used by the script to install a wiki.
 # You should not modify these unless you are modifying the script itself.
-MW_VERSION=mediawiki-1.19.0
+# tested versions: 1.19.X -> 1.21.1
+MW_VERSION_MAJOR=1.21
+MW_VERSION_MINOR=1
 FILES_FOLDER=install-wiki
 DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT=db_install.php
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
index b6e534b65b..593d6a0682 100644
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
+++ b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ import sys
 import time
 import getopt
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02020000:
+   # The behavior of the marshal module changed significantly in 2.2
+   sys.stderr.write("git-p4import.py: requires Python 2.2 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 from signal import signal, \
    SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
    default_int_handler
diff --git a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index f2b08b4f4a..0000000000
--- a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-From: Ismail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-
-Trying to build the documentation with docbook-xsl 1.73 may result in
-the following error.  This patch fixes it.
-
-$ xmlto -m callouts.xsl man git-add.xml
-runtime error: file
-file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets-1.73.0/manpages/other.xsl line
-129 element call-template
-The called template 'read-character-map' was not found.
-
---- docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl.manpages-charmap	2007-07-23 16:24:23.000000000 +0100
-+++ docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl	2007-07-23 16:25:16.000000000 +0100
-@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
-   <xsl:include href="lists.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="endnotes.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="table.xsl"/>
-+  <xsl:include href="../common/charmap.xsl"/>
-
-   <!-- * we rename the following just to avoid using params with "man" -->
-   <!-- * prefixes in the table.xsl stylesheet (because that stylesheet -->
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
index 9a76575f78..239161de33 100644
--- a/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ TESTS := $(wildcard test*.sh)
 export T := $(addprefix $(CURDIR)/,$(TESTS))
 export MAKE := $(MAKE) -e
 export PATH := $(CURDIR):$(PATH)
+export TEST_LINT := test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test:
 	$(MAKE) -C ../../t $@
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..054161ae21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+#
+# Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
+# Then you can clone with:
+# % git clone bzr::/path/to/bzr/repo/or/url
+#
+# For example:
+# % git clone bzr::$HOME/myrepo
+# or
+# % git clone bzr::lp:myrepo
+#
+# If you want to specify which branches you want to track (per repo):
+# % git config remote.origin.bzr-branches 'trunk, devel, test'
+#
+# Where 'origin' is the name of the repository you want to specify the
+# branches.
+#
+
+import sys
+
+import bzrlib
+if hasattr(bzrlib, "initialize"):
+    bzrlib.initialize()
+
+import bzrlib.plugin
+bzrlib.plugin.load_plugins()
+
+import bzrlib.generate_ids
+import bzrlib.transport
+import bzrlib.errors
+import bzrlib.ui
+import bzrlib.urlutils
+import bzrlib.branch
+
+import sys
+import os
+import json
+import re
+import StringIO
+import atexit, shutil, hashlib, urlparse, subprocess
+
+NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
+RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (.+)? <(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('WARNING: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+
+def gittz(tz):
+    return '%+03d%02d' % (tz / 3600, tz % 3600 / 60)
+
+def get_config(config):
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
+    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+    output, _ = process.communicate()
+    return output
+
+class Marks:
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+        self.tips = {}
+        self.marks = {}
+        self.rev_marks = {}
+        self.last_mark = 0
+        self.load()
+
+    def load(self):
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        tmp = json.load(open(self.path))
+        self.tips = tmp['tips']
+        self.marks = tmp['marks']
+        self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+
+        for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+
+    def dict(self):
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark }
+
+    def store(self):
+        json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.dict())
+
+    def from_rev(self, rev):
+        return self.marks[rev]
+
+    def to_rev(self, mark):
+        return str(self.rev_marks[mark])
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def get_mark(self, rev):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        self.marks[rev] = self.last_mark
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def is_marked(self, rev):
+        return rev in self.marks
+
+    def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
+        self.marks[rev] = mark
+        self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+        self.last_mark = mark
+
+    def get_tip(self, branch):
+        try:
+            return str(self.tips[branch])
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+    def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
+        self.tips[branch] = tip
+
+class Parser:
+
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def get_line(self):
+        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.line.split()[i]
+
+    def check(self, word):
+        return self.line.startswith(word)
+
+    def each_block(self, separator):
+        while self.line != separator:
+            yield self.line
+            self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.each_block('')
+
+    def next(self):
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+        if self.line == 'done':
+            self.line = None
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        i = self.line.index(':') + 1
+        return int(self.line[i:])
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        if not self.check('data'):
+            return None
+        i = self.line.index(' ') + 1
+        size = int(self.line[i:])
+        return sys.stdin.read(size)
+
+    def get_author(self):
+        m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
+        if not m:
+            return None
+        _, name, email, date, tz = m.groups()
+        name = name.decode('utf-8')
+        committer = '%s <%s>' % (name, email)
+        tz = int(tz)
+        tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
+        return (committer, int(date), tz)
+
+def rev_to_mark(rev):
+    return marks.from_rev(rev)
+
+def mark_to_rev(mark):
+    return marks.to_rev(mark)
+
+def fixup_user(user):
+    name = mail = None
+    user = user.replace('"', '')
+    m = AUTHOR_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = m.group(1)
+        mail = m.group(2).strip()
+    else:
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
+        if m:
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+
+    if not name:
+        name = 'unknown'
+    if not mail:
+        mail = 'Unknown'
+
+    return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
+
+def get_filechanges(cur, prev):
+    modified = {}
+    removed = {}
+
+    changes = cur.changes_from(prev)
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s.encode('utf-8')
+
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.added:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.removed:
+        removed[u(path)] = None
+    for path, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.modified:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for oldpath, newpath, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.renamed:
+        removed[u(oldpath)] = None
+        if kind == 'directory':
+            lst = cur.list_files(from_dir=newpath, recursive=True)
+            for path, file_class, kind, fid, entry in lst:
+                if kind != 'directory':
+                    modified[u(newpath + '/' + path)] = fid
+        else:
+            modified[u(newpath)] = fid
+
+    return modified, removed
+
+def export_files(tree, files):
+    final = []
+    for path, fid in files.iteritems():
+        kind = tree.kind(fid)
+
+        h = tree.get_file_sha1(fid)
+
+        if kind == 'symlink':
+            d = tree.get_symlink_target(fid)
+            mode = '120000'
+        elif kind == 'file':
+
+            if tree.is_executable(fid):
+                mode = '100755'
+            else:
+                mode = '100644'
+
+            # is the blob already exported?
+            if h in filenodes:
+                mark = filenodes[h]
+                final.append((mode, mark, path))
+                continue
+
+            d = tree.get_file_text(fid)
+        elif kind == 'directory':
+            continue
+        else:
+            die("Unhandled kind '%s' for path '%s'" % (kind, path))
+
+        mark = marks.next_mark()
+        filenodes[h] = mark
+
+        print "blob"
+        print "mark :%u" % mark
+        print "data %d" % len(d)
+        print d
+
+        final.append((mode, mark, path))
+
+    return final
+
+def export_branch(repo, name):
+    ref = '%s/heads/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    tip = marks.get_tip(name)
+
+    branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+    repo = branch.repository
+
+    branch.lock_read()
+    revs = branch.iter_merge_sorted_revisions(None, tip, 'exclude', 'forward')
+    try:
+        tip_revno = branch.revision_id_to_revno(tip)
+        last_revno, _ = branch.last_revision_info()
+        total = last_revno - tip_revno
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+        tip_revno = 0
+        total = 0
+
+    for revid, _, seq, _ in revs:
+
+        if marks.is_marked(revid):
+            continue
+
+        rev = repo.get_revision(revid)
+        revno = seq[0]
+
+        parents = rev.parent_ids
+        time = rev.timestamp
+        tz = rev.timezone
+        committer = rev.committer.encode('utf-8')
+        committer = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(committer), time, gittz(tz))
+        authors = rev.get_apparent_authors()
+        if authors:
+            author = authors[0].encode('utf-8')
+            author = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(author), time, gittz(tz))
+        else:
+            author = committer
+        msg = rev.message.encode('utf-8')
+
+        msg += '\n'
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            parent = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+        else:
+            parent = parents[0]
+
+        cur_tree = repo.revision_tree(revid)
+        prev = repo.revision_tree(parent)
+        modified, removed = get_filechanges(cur_tree, prev)
+
+        modified_final = export_files(cur_tree, modified)
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            print 'reset %s' % ref
+
+        print "commit %s" % ref
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(revid))
+        print "author %s" % (author)
+        print "committer %s" % (committer)
+        print "data %d" % (len(msg))
+        print msg
+
+        for i, p in enumerate(parents):
+            try:
+                m = rev_to_mark(p)
+            except KeyError:
+                # ghost?
+                continue
+            if i == 0:
+                print "from :%s" % m
+            else:
+                print "merge :%s" % m
+
+        for f in removed:
+            print "D %s" % (f,)
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
+        print
+
+        if len(seq) > 1:
+            # let's skip branch revisions from the progress report
+            continue
+
+        progress = (revno - tip_revno)
+        if (progress % 100 == 0):
+            if total:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (revno, name, progress, total)
+            else:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d)" % (revno, name, progress)
+
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    revid = branch.last_revision()
+
+    # make sure the ref is updated
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(revid)
+    print
+
+    marks.set_tip(name, revid)
+
+def export_tag(repo, name):
+    ref = '%s/tags/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(tags[name])
+    print
+
+def do_import(parser):
+    repo = parser.repo
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    print "feature done"
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature force"
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    while parser.check('import'):
+        ref = parser[1]
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            export_branch(repo, name)
+        if ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            export_tag(repo, name)
+        parser.next()
+
+    print 'done'
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def parse_blob(parser):
+    parser.next()
+    mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    blob_marks[mark] = data
+    parser.next()
+
+class CustomTree():
+
+    def __init__(self, branch, revid, parents, files):
+        self.updates = {}
+        self.branch = branch
+
+        def copy_tree(revid):
+            files = files_cache[revid] = {}
+            branch.lock_read()
+            tree = branch.repository.revision_tree(revid)
+            try:
+                for path, entry in tree.iter_entries_by_dir():
+                    files[path] = [entry.file_id, None]
+            finally:
+                branch.unlock()
+            return files
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            self.base_id = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+            self.base_files = {}
+        else:
+            self.base_id = parents[0]
+            self.base_files = files_cache.get(self.base_id, None)
+            if not self.base_files:
+                self.base_files = copy_tree(self.base_id)
+
+        self.files = files_cache[revid] = self.base_files.copy()
+        self.rev_files = {}
+
+        for path, data in self.files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = data
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+
+        for path, f in files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = self.files.get(path, [None, None])
+            if not fid:
+                fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            f['path'] = path
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+            self.updates[fid] = f
+
+    def last_revision(self):
+        return self.base_id
+
+    def iter_changes(self):
+        changes = []
+
+        def get_parent(dirname, basename):
+            parent_fid, mark = self.base_files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            parent_fid, mark = self.files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            if basename == '':
+                return None
+            fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            add_entry(fid, dirname, 'directory')
+            return fid
+
+        def add_entry(fid, path, kind, mode=None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (None, path),
+                    True,
+                    (False, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def update_entry(fid, path, kind, mode=None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, path),
+                    True,
+                    (True, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def remove_entry(fid, path, kind):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, None),
+                    True,
+                    (True, False),
+                    (parent_fid, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None))
+            del self.files[path]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        for fid, f in self.updates.iteritems():
+            path = f['path']
+
+            if 'deleted' in f:
+                remove_entry(fid, path, 'file')
+                continue
+
+            if path in self.base_files:
+                update_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+            else:
+                add_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+
+            self.files[path][1] = f['mark']
+            self.rev_files[fid][1] = f['mark']
+
+        return changes
+
+    def get_content(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        if mark:
+            return blob_marks[mark]
+
+        # last resort
+        tree = self.branch.repository.revision_tree(self.base_id)
+        return tree.get_file_text(file_id)
+
+    def get_file_with_stat(self, file_id, path=None):
+        content = self.get_content(file_id)
+        return (StringIO.StringIO(content), None)
+
+    def get_symlink_target(self, file_id):
+        return self.get_content(file_id)
+
+    def id2path(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        return path
+
+def c_style_unescape(string):
+    if string[0] == string[-1] == '"':
+        return string.decode('string-escape')[1:-1]
+    return string
+
+def parse_commit(parser):
+    parents = []
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+        name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+        branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+    else:
+        die('unknown ref')
+
+    commit_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    author = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    committer = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+    if parser.check('from'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+    while parser.check('merge'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
+    files = {}
+
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('M'):
+            t, m, mark_ref, path = line.split(' ', 3)
+            mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
+            f = { 'mode' : m, 'mark' : mark }
+        elif parser.check('D'):
+            t, path = line.split(' ', 1)
+            f = { 'deleted' : True }
+        else:
+            die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
+        path = c_style_unescape(path).decode('utf-8')
+        files[path] = f
+
+    committer, date, tz = committer
+    parents = [mark_to_rev(p) for p in parents]
+    revid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_revision_id(committer, date)
+    props = {}
+    props['branch-nick'] = branch.nick
+
+    mtree = CustomTree(branch, revid, parents, files)
+    changes = mtree.iter_changes()
+
+    branch.lock_write()
+    try:
+        builder = branch.get_commit_builder(parents, None, date, tz, committer, props, revid)
+        try:
+            list(builder.record_iter_changes(mtree, mtree.last_revision(), changes))
+            builder.finish_inventory()
+            builder.commit(data.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
+        except Exception, e:
+            builder.abort()
+            raise
+    finally:
+        branch.unlock()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = revid
+    marks.new_mark(revid, commit_mark)
+
+def parse_reset(parser):
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    # ugh
+    if parser.check('commit'):
+        parse_commit(parser)
+        return
+    if not parser.check('from'):
+        return
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+
+def do_export(parser):
+    parser.next()
+
+    for line in parser.each_block('done'):
+        if parser.check('blob'):
+            parse_blob(parser)
+        elif parser.check('commit'):
+            parse_commit(parser)
+        elif parser.check('reset'):
+            parse_reset(parser)
+        elif parser.check('tag'):
+            pass
+        elif parser.check('feature'):
+            pass
+        else:
+            die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
+
+    for ref, revid in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+            branch.generate_revision_history(revid, marks.get_tip(name))
+
+            if name in peers:
+                peer = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(peers[name],
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+                try:
+                    peer.bzrdir.push_branch(branch, revision_id=revid)
+                except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+                    print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+                    continue
+
+            try:
+                wt = branch.bzrdir.open_workingtree()
+                wt.update()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoWorkingTree:
+                pass
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            # TODO: implement tag push
+            print "error %s pushing tags not supported" % ref
+            continue
+        else:
+            # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
+            continue
+
+        print "ok %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def do_capabilities(parser):
+    print "import"
+    print "export"
+    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s/heads/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/tags/*:%s/tags/*" % prefix
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+
+    print
+
+def ref_is_valid(name):
+    return not True in [c in name for c in '~^: \\']
+
+def do_list(parser):
+    master_branch = None
+
+    for name in branches:
+        if not master_branch:
+            master_branch = name
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % name
+
+    branch = get_remote_branch(master_branch)
+    branch.lock_read()
+    for tag, revid in branch.tags.get_tag_dict().items():
+        try:
+            branch.revision_id_to_dotted_revno(revid)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+            continue
+        if not ref_is_valid(tag):
+            continue
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % tag
+        tags[tag] = revid
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % master_branch
+    print
+
+def clone(path, remote_branch):
+    try:
+        bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.create(path, possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.AlreadyControlDirError:
+        bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(path, possible_transports=transports)
+    repo = bdir.find_repository()
+    repo.fetch(remote_branch.repository)
+    return remote_branch.sprout(bdir, repository=repo)
+
+def get_remote_branch(name):
+    remote_branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[name],
+                                              possible_transports=transports)
+    if isinstance(remote_branch.user_transport, bzrlib.transport.local.LocalTransport):
+        return remote_branch
+
+    branch_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone', name)
+
+    try:
+        branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branch_path,
+                                           possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+        # clone
+        branch = clone(branch_path, remote_branch)
+    else:
+        # pull
+        try:
+            branch.pull(remote_branch, overwrite=True)
+        except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+            # use remote branch for now
+            return remote_branch
+
+    return branch
+
+def find_branches(repo):
+    transport = repo.bzrdir.root_transport
+
+    for fn in transport.iter_files_recursive():
+        if not fn.endswith('.bzr/branch-format'):
+            continue
+
+        name = subdir = fn[:-len('/.bzr/branch-format')]
+        name = name if name != '' else 'master'
+        name = name.replace('/', '+')
+
+        try:
+            cur = transport.clone(subdir)
+            branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open_from_transport(cur)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+            continue
+        else:
+            yield name, branch.base
+
+def get_repo(url, alias):
+    normal_url = bzrlib.urlutils.normalize_url(url)
+    origin = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(url, possible_transports=transports)
+    is_local = isinstance(origin.transport, bzrlib.transport.local.LocalTransport)
+
+    shared_path = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr')
+    try:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(shared_path,
+                                               possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.create(shared_path,
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+    try:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.open_repository()
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.create_repository(shared=True)
+
+    if not is_local:
+        clone_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
+        if not os.path.exists(clone_path):
+            os.mkdir(clone_path)
+        else:
+            # check and remove old organization
+            try:
+                bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(clone_path,
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+                bdir.destroy_repository()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+                pass
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+                pass
+
+    wanted = get_config('remote.%s.bzr-branches' % alias).rstrip().split(', ')
+    # stupid python
+    wanted = [e for e in wanted if e]
+    if not wanted:
+        wanted = get_config('remote-bzr.branches').rstrip().split(', ')
+        # stupid python
+        wanted = [e for e in wanted if e]
+
+    if not wanted:
+        try:
+            repo = origin.open_repository()
+            if not repo.user_transport.listable():
+                # this repository is not usable for us
+                raise bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent(repo.bzrdir)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+            wanted = ['master']
+
+    if wanted:
+        def list_wanted(url, wanted):
+            for name in wanted:
+                subdir = name if name != 'master' else ''
+                yield name, bzrlib.urlutils.join(url, subdir)
+
+        branch_list = list_wanted(url, wanted)
+    else:
+        branch_list = find_branches(repo)
+
+    for name, url in branch_list:
+        if not is_local:
+            peers[name] = url
+        branches[name] = url
+
+    return origin
+
+def fix_path(alias, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(url.path):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "bzr::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+def main(args):
+    global marks, prefix, gitdir, dirname
+    global tags, filenodes
+    global blob_marks
+    global parsed_refs
+    global files_cache
+    global is_tmp
+    global branches, peers
+    global transports
+
+    alias = args[1]
+    url = args[2]
+
+    tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+    blob_marks = {}
+    parsed_refs = {}
+    files_cache = {}
+    marks = None
+    branches = {}
+    peers = {}
+    transports = []
+
+    if alias[5:] == url:
+        is_tmp = True
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+    else:
+        is_tmp = False
+
+    prefix = 'refs/bzr/%s' % alias
+    gitdir = os.environ['GIT_DIR']
+    dirname = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr', alias)
+
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, url)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+        os.makedirs(dirname)
+
+    if hasattr(bzrlib.ui.ui_factory, 'be_quiet'):
+        bzrlib.ui.ui_factory.be_quiet(True)
+
+    repo = get_repo(url, alias)
+
+    marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-int')
+    marks = Marks(marks_path)
+
+    parser = Parser(repo)
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('capabilities'):
+            do_capabilities(parser)
+        elif parser.check('list'):
+            do_list(parser)
+        elif parser.check('import'):
+            do_import(parser)
+        elif parser.check('export'):
+            do_export(parser)
+        else:
+            die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
+    if not is_tmp:
+        marks.store()
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
+
+atexit.register(bye)
+sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
index 016cdadb4d..92d994e470 100755
--- a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@
 # Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
 # Then you can clone with:
 # git clone hg::/path/to/mercurial/repo/
+#
+# For remote repositories a local clone is stored in
+# "$GIT_DIR/hg/origin/clone/.hg/".
 
-from mercurial import hg, ui, bookmarks, context, util, encoding
+from mercurial import hg, ui, bookmarks, context, encoding, node, error, extensions, discovery, util
 
 import re
 import sys
@@ -18,8 +21,21 @@ import json
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import urllib
+import atexit
+import urlparse, hashlib
+import time as ptime
 
 #
+# If you want to see Mercurial revisions as Git commit notes:
+# git config core.notesRef refs/notes/hg
+#
+# If you are not in hg-git-compat mode and want to disable the tracking of
+# named branches:
+# git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
+#
+# If you want the equivalent of hg's clone/pull--insecure option:
+# git config --global remote-hg.insecure true
+#
 # If you want to switch to hg-git compatibility mode:
 # git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
 #
@@ -31,14 +47,17 @@ import urllib
 # hg:
 # Emulate hg-git.
 # Only hg bookmarks are exported as git branches.
-# Commits are modified to preserve hg information and allow biridectionality.
+# Commits are modified to preserve hg information and allow bidirectionality.
 #
 
 NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
 AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
 AUTHOR_HG_RE = re.compile('^(.*?) ?<(.*?)(?:>(.+)?)?$')
 RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (?:(.+)? )?<(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
 
+VERSION = 2
+
 def die(msg, *args):
     sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
     sys.exit(1)
@@ -53,25 +72,65 @@ def gittz(tz):
     return '%+03d%02d' % (-tz / 3600, -tz % 3600 / 60)
 
 def hgmode(mode):
-    m = { '0100755': 'x', '0120000': 'l' }
+    m = { '100755': 'x', '120000': 'l' }
     return m.get(mode, '')
 
+def hghex(n):
+    return node.hex(n)
+
+def hgbin(n):
+    return node.bin(n)
+
+def hgref(ref):
+    return ref.replace('___', ' ')
+
+def gitref(ref):
+    return ref.replace(' ', '___')
+
+def check_version(*check):
+    if not hg_version:
+        return True
+    return hg_version >= check
+
 def get_config(config):
     cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
     process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     output, _ = process.communicate()
     return output
 
+def get_config_bool(config, default=False):
+    value = get_config(config).rstrip('\n')
+    if value == "true":
+        return True
+    elif value == "false":
+        return False
+    else:
+        return default
+
 class Marks:
 
-    def __init__(self, path):
+    def __init__(self, path, repo):
         self.path = path
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.clear()
+        self.load()
+
+        if self.version < VERSION:
+            if self.version == 1:
+                self.upgrade_one()
+
+            # upgraded?
+            if self.version < VERSION:
+                self.clear()
+                self.version = VERSION
+
+    def clear(self):
         self.tips = {}
         self.marks = {}
         self.rev_marks = {}
         self.last_mark = 0
-
-        self.load()
+        self.version = 0
+        self.last_note = 0
 
     def load(self):
         if not os.path.exists(self.path):
@@ -82,12 +141,22 @@ class Marks:
         self.tips = tmp['tips']
         self.marks = tmp['marks']
         self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+        self.version = tmp.get('version', 1)
+        self.last_note = tmp.get('last-note', 0)
 
         for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
-            self.rev_marks[mark] = int(rev)
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+
+    def upgrade_one(self):
+        def get_id(rev):
+            return hghex(self.repo.changelog.node(int(rev)))
+        self.tips = dict((name, get_id(rev)) for name, rev in self.tips.iteritems())
+        self.marks = dict((get_id(rev), mark) for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems())
+        self.rev_marks = dict((mark, get_id(rev)) for mark, rev in self.rev_marks.iteritems())
+        self.version = 2
 
     def dict(self):
-        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark }
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark, 'version' : self.version, 'last-note' : self.last_note }
 
     def store(self):
         json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
@@ -96,26 +165,30 @@ class Marks:
         return str(self.dict())
 
     def from_rev(self, rev):
-        return self.marks[str(rev)]
+        return self.marks[rev]
 
     def to_rev(self, mark):
-        return self.rev_marks[mark]
+        return str(self.rev_marks[mark])
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
 
     def get_mark(self, rev):
         self.last_mark += 1
-        self.marks[str(rev)] = self.last_mark
+        self.marks[rev] = self.last_mark
         return self.last_mark
 
     def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
-        self.marks[str(rev)] = mark
+        self.marks[rev] = mark
         self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
         self.last_mark = mark
 
     def is_marked(self, rev):
-        return self.marks.has_key(str(rev))
+        return rev in self.marks
 
     def get_tip(self, branch):
-        return self.tips.get(branch, 0)
+        return str(self.tips[branch])
 
     def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
         self.tips[branch] = tip
@@ -160,8 +233,6 @@ class Parser:
         return sys.stdin.read(size)
 
     def get_author(self):
-        global bad_mail
-
         ex = None
         m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
         if not m:
@@ -188,19 +259,41 @@ class Parser:
         tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
         return (user, int(date), -tz)
 
-def export_file(fc):
-    d = fc.data()
-    print "M %s inline %s" % (gitmode(fc.flags()), fc.path())
-    print "data %d" % len(d)
-    print d
+def fix_file_path(path):
+    if not os.path.isabs(path):
+        return path
+    return os.path.relpath(path, '/')
+
+def export_files(files):
+    final = []
+    for f in files:
+        fid = node.hex(f.filenode())
+
+        if fid in filenodes:
+            mark = filenodes[fid]
+        else:
+            mark = marks.next_mark()
+            filenodes[fid] = mark
+            d = f.data()
+
+            print "blob"
+            print "mark :%u" % mark
+            print "data %d" % len(d)
+            print d
+
+        path = fix_file_path(f.path())
+        final.append((gitmode(f.flags()), mark, path))
+
+    return final
 
 def get_filechanges(repo, ctx, parent):
     modified = set()
     added = set()
     removed = set()
 
+    # load earliest manifest first for caching reasons
+    prev = parent.manifest().copy()
     cur = ctx.manifest()
-    prev = repo[parent].manifest().copy()
 
     for fn in cur:
         if fn in prev:
@@ -221,9 +314,14 @@ def fixup_user_git(user):
         name = m.group(1)
         mail = m.group(2).strip()
     else:
-        m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
         if m:
-            name = m.group(1).strip()
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
     return (name, mail)
 
 def fixup_user_hg(user):
@@ -248,8 +346,6 @@ def fixup_user_hg(user):
     return (name, mail)
 
 def fixup_user(user):
-    global mode, bad_mail
-
     if mode == 'git':
         name, mail = fixup_user_git(user)
     else:
@@ -262,53 +358,102 @@ def fixup_user(user):
 
     return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
 
+def updatebookmarks(repo, peer):
+    remotemarks = peer.listkeys('bookmarks')
+    localmarks = repo._bookmarks
+
+    if not remotemarks:
+        return
+
+    for k, v in remotemarks.iteritems():
+        localmarks[k] = hgbin(v)
+
+    if hasattr(localmarks, 'write'):
+        localmarks.write()
+    else:
+        bookmarks.write(repo)
+
 def get_repo(url, alias):
-    global dirname, peer
+    global peer
 
     myui = ui.ui()
     myui.setconfig('ui', 'interactive', 'off')
+    myui.fout = sys.stderr
+
+    if get_config_bool('remote-hg.insecure'):
+        myui.setconfig('web', 'cacerts', '')
 
-    if hg.islocal(url):
+    extensions.loadall(myui)
+
+    if hg.islocal(url) and not os.environ.get('GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE'):
         repo = hg.repository(myui, url)
+        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
     else:
+        shared_path = os.path.join(gitdir, 'hg')
+
+        # check and upgrade old organization
+        hg_path = os.path.join(shared_path, '.hg')
+        if os.path.exists(shared_path) and not os.path.exists(hg_path):
+            repos = os.listdir(shared_path)
+            for x in repos:
+                local_hg = os.path.join(shared_path, x, 'clone', '.hg')
+                if not os.path.exists(local_hg):
+                    continue
+                if not os.path.exists(hg_path):
+                    shutil.move(local_hg, hg_path)
+                shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(shared_path, x, 'clone'))
+
+        # setup shared repo (if not there)
+        try:
+            hg.peer(myui, {}, shared_path, create=True)
+        except error.RepoError:
+            pass
+
+        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
+
         local_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
         if not os.path.exists(local_path):
-            peer, dstpeer = hg.clone(myui, {}, url, local_path, update=False, pull=True)
-            repo = dstpeer.local()
-        else:
-            repo = hg.repository(myui, local_path)
+            hg.share(myui, shared_path, local_path, update=False)
+
+        repo = hg.repository(myui, local_path)
+        try:
             peer = hg.peer(myui, {}, url)
-            repo.pull(peer, heads=None, force=True)
+        except:
+            die('Repository error')
+        repo.pull(peer, heads=None, force=True)
+
+        updatebookmarks(repo, peer)
 
     return repo
 
 def rev_to_mark(rev):
-    global marks
-    return marks.from_rev(rev)
+    return marks.from_rev(rev.hex())
 
 def mark_to_rev(mark):
-    global marks
     return marks.to_rev(mark)
 
 def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
-    global prefix, marks, mode
-
     ename = '%s/%s' % (kind, name)
-    tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+    try:
+        tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+        tip = repo[tip].rev()
+    except:
+        tip = 0
 
-    # mercurial takes too much time checking this
-    if tip and tip == head.rev():
-        # nothing to do
-        return
     revs = xrange(tip, head.rev() + 1)
-    count = 0
-
-    revs = [rev for rev in revs if not marks.is_marked(rev)]
+    total = len(revs)
 
     for rev in revs:
 
         c = repo[rev]
-        (manifest, user, (time, tz), files, desc, extra) = repo.changelog.read(c.node())
+        node = c.node()
+
+        if marks.is_marked(c.hex()):
+            continue
+
+        (manifest, user, (time, tz), files, desc, extra) = repo.changelog.read(node)
         rev_branch = extra['branch']
 
         author = "%s %d %s" % (fixup_user(user), time, gittz(tz))
@@ -318,7 +463,7 @@ def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
         else:
             committer = author
 
-        parents = [p for p in repo.changelog.parentrevs(rev) if p >= 0]
+        parents = [repo[p] for p in repo.changelog.parentrevs(rev) if p >= 0]
 
         if len(parents) == 0:
             modified = c.manifest().keys()
@@ -326,6 +471,8 @@ def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
         else:
             modified, removed = get_filechanges(repo, c, parents[0])
 
+        desc += '\n'
+
         if mode == 'hg':
             extra_msg = ''
 
@@ -349,15 +496,16 @@ def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
                 else:
                     extra_msg += "extra : %s : %s\n" % (key, urllib.quote(value))
 
-            desc += '\n'
             if extra_msg:
                 desc += '\n--HG--\n' + extra_msg
 
         if len(parents) == 0 and rev:
             print 'reset %s/%s' % (prefix, ename)
 
+        modified_final = export_files(c.filectx(f) for f in modified)
+
         print "commit %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
-        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(rev))
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(c.hex()))
         print "author %s" % (author)
         print "committer %s" % (committer)
         print "data %d" % (len(desc))
@@ -368,29 +516,53 @@ def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
             if len(parents) > 1:
                 print "merge :%s" % (rev_to_mark(parents[1]))
 
-        for f in modified:
-            export_file(c.filectx(f))
         for f in removed:
-            print "D %s" % (f)
+            print "D %s" % (fix_file_path(f))
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
         print
 
-        count += 1
-        if (count % 100 == 0):
-            print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (rev, name, count, len(revs))
-            print "#############################################################"
+        progress = (rev - tip)
+        if (progress % 100 == 0):
+            print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (rev, name, progress, total)
 
     # make sure the ref is updated
     print "reset %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
-    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(rev)
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(head)
     print
 
-    marks.set_tip(ename, rev)
+    pending_revs = set(revs) - notes
+    if pending_revs:
+        note_mark = marks.next_mark()
+        ref = "refs/notes/hg"
+
+        print "commit %s" % ref
+        print "mark :%d" % (note_mark)
+        print "committer remote-hg <> %s" % (ptime.strftime('%s %z'))
+        desc = "Notes for %s\n" % (name)
+        print "data %d" % (len(desc))
+        print desc
+        if marks.last_note:
+            print "from :%u" % marks.last_note
+
+        for rev in pending_revs:
+            notes.add(rev)
+            c = repo[rev]
+            print "N inline :%u" % rev_to_mark(c)
+            msg = c.hex()
+            print "data %d" % (len(msg))
+            print msg
+        print
+
+        marks.last_note = note_mark
+
+    marks.set_tip(ename, head.hex())
 
 def export_tag(repo, tag):
-    export_ref(repo, tag, 'tags', repo[tag])
+    export_ref(repo, tag, 'tags', repo[hgref(tag)])
 
 def export_bookmark(repo, bmark):
-    head = bmarks[bmark]
+    head = bmarks[hgref(bmark)]
     export_ref(repo, bmark, 'bookmarks', head)
 
 def export_branch(repo, branch):
@@ -399,12 +571,9 @@ def export_branch(repo, branch):
     export_ref(repo, branch, 'branches', head)
 
 def export_head(repo):
-    global g_head
     export_ref(repo, g_head[0], 'bookmarks', g_head[1])
 
 def do_capabilities(parser):
-    global prefix, dirname
-
     print "import"
     print "export"
     print "refspec refs/heads/branches/*:%s/branches/*" % prefix
@@ -416,73 +585,68 @@ def do_capabilities(parser):
     if os.path.exists(path):
         print "*import-marks %s" % path
     print "*export-marks %s" % path
+    print "option"
 
     print
 
-def get_branch_tip(repo, branch):
-    global branches
+def branch_tip(branch):
+    return branches[branch][-1]
 
-    heads = branches.get(branch, None)
+def get_branch_tip(repo, branch):
+    heads = branches.get(hgref(branch), None)
     if not heads:
         return None
 
     # verify there's only one head
     if (len(heads) > 1):
         warn("Branch '%s' has more than one head, consider merging" % branch)
-        # older versions of mercurial don't have this
-        if hasattr(repo, "branchtip"):
-            return repo.branchtip(branch)
+        return branch_tip(hgref(branch))
 
     return heads[0]
 
 def list_head(repo, cur):
-    global g_head, bmarks
+    global g_head, fake_bmark
 
-    head = bookmarks.readcurrent(repo)
-    if head:
-        node = repo[head]
-    else:
-        # fake bookmark from current branch
-        head = cur
-        node = repo['.']
-        if not node:
-            node = repo['tip']
-        if not node:
-            return
-        if head == 'default':
-            head = 'master'
-        bmarks[head] = node
+    if 'default' not in branches:
+        # empty repo
+        return
+
+    node = repo[branch_tip('default')]
+    head = 'master' if not 'master' in bmarks else 'default'
+    fake_bmark = head
+    bmarks[head] = node
 
+    head = gitref(head)
     print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % head
     g_head = (head, node)
 
 def do_list(parser):
-    global branches, bmarks, mode, track_branches
-
     repo = parser.repo
     for bmark, node in bookmarks.listbookmarks(repo).iteritems():
         bmarks[bmark] = repo[node]
 
     cur = repo.dirstate.branch()
+    orig = peer if peer else repo
+
+    for branch, heads in orig.branchmap().iteritems():
+        # only open heads
+        heads = [h for h in heads if 'close' not in repo.changelog.read(h)[5]]
+        if heads:
+            branches[branch] = heads
 
     list_head(repo, cur)
 
     if track_branches:
-        for branch in repo.branchmap():
-            heads = repo.branchheads(branch)
-            if len(heads):
-                branches[branch] = heads
-
         for branch in branches:
-            print "? refs/heads/branches/%s" % branch
+            print "? refs/heads/branches/%s" % gitref(branch)
 
     for bmark in bmarks:
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % bmark
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % gitref(bmark)
 
     for tag, node in repo.tagslist():
         if tag == 'tip':
             continue
-        print "? refs/tags/%s" % tag
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % gitref(tag)
 
     print
 
@@ -495,6 +659,7 @@ def do_import(parser):
     if os.path.exists(path):
         print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
     print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature force"
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
     tmp = encoding.encoding
@@ -523,15 +688,12 @@ def do_import(parser):
     print 'done'
 
 def parse_blob(parser):
-    global blob_marks
-
     parser.next()
     mark = parser.get_mark()
     parser.next()
     data = parser.get_data()
     blob_marks[mark] = data
     parser.next()
-    return
 
 def get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files):
     for e in repo[p1].files():
@@ -542,9 +704,6 @@ def get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files):
             files[e] = f
 
 def parse_commit(parser):
-    global marks, blob_marks, bmarks, parsed_refs
-    global mode
-
     from_mark = merge_mark = None
 
     ref = parser[1]
@@ -567,6 +726,10 @@ def parse_commit(parser):
         if parser.check('merge'):
             die('octopus merges are not supported yet')
 
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
     files = {}
 
     for line in parser:
@@ -575,12 +738,17 @@ def parse_commit(parser):
             mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
             f = { 'mode' : hgmode(m), 'data' : blob_marks[mark] }
         elif parser.check('D'):
-            t, path = line.split(' ')
+            t, path = line.split(' ', 1)
             f = { 'deleted' : True }
         else:
             die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
         files[path] = f
 
+    # only export the commits if we are on an internal proxy repo
+    if dry_run and not peer:
+        parsed_refs[ref] = None
+        return
+
     def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
         of = files[f]
         if 'deleted' in of:
@@ -602,14 +770,14 @@ def parse_commit(parser):
         extra['committer'] = "%s %u %u" % committer
 
     if from_mark:
-        p1 = repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(from_mark))
+        p1 = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
     else:
-        p1 = '\0' * 20
+        p1 = '0' * 40
 
     if merge_mark:
-        p2 = repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(merge_mark))
+        p2 = mark_to_rev(merge_mark)
     else:
-        p2 = '\0' * 20
+        p2 = '0' * 40
 
     #
     # If files changed from any of the parents, hg wants to know, but in git if
@@ -618,11 +786,16 @@ def parse_commit(parser):
     if merge_mark:
         get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files)
 
+    # Check if the ref is supposed to be a named branch
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches/'):
+        branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+        extra['branch'] = hgref(branch)
+
     if mode == 'hg':
         i = data.find('\n--HG--\n')
         if i >= 0:
             tmp = data[i + len('\n--HG--\n'):].strip()
-            for k, v in [e.split(' : ') for e in tmp.split('\n')]:
+            for k, v in [e.split(' : ', 1) for e in tmp.split('\n')]:
                 if k == 'rename':
                     old, new = v.split(' => ', 1)
                     files[new]['rename'] = old
@@ -640,15 +813,12 @@ def parse_commit(parser):
     tmp = encoding.encoding
     encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
 
-    node = repo.commitctx(ctx)
+    node = hghex(repo.commitctx(ctx))
 
     encoding.encoding = tmp
 
-    rev = repo[node].rev()
-
     parsed_refs[ref] = node
-
-    marks.new_mark(rev, commit_mark)
+    marks.new_mark(node, commit_mark)
 
 def parse_reset(parser):
     ref = parser[1]
@@ -662,8 +832,11 @@ def parse_reset(parser):
     from_mark = parser.get_mark()
     parser.next()
 
-    node = parser.repo.changelog.node(mark_to_rev(from_mark))
-    parsed_refs[ref] = node
+    try:
+        rev = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+    except KeyError:
+        rev = None
+    parsed_refs[ref] = rev
 
 def parse_tag(parser):
     name = parser[1]
@@ -675,10 +848,173 @@ def parse_tag(parser):
     data = parser.get_data()
     parser.next()
 
-    # nothing to do
+    parsed_tags[name] = (tagger, data)
+
+def write_tag(repo, tag, node, msg, author):
+    branch = repo[node].branch()
+    tip = branch_tip(branch)
+    tip = repo[tip]
+
+    def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
+        try:
+            fctx = tip.filectx(f)
+            data = fctx.data()
+        except error.ManifestLookupError:
+            data = ""
+        content = data + "%s %s\n" % (node, tag)
+        return context.memfilectx(f, content, False, False, None)
+
+    p1 = tip.hex()
+    p2 = '0' * 40
+    if author:
+        user, date, tz = author
+        date_tz = (date, tz)
+    else:
+        cmd = ['git', 'var', 'GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT']
+        process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        output, _ = process.communicate()
+        m = re.match('^.* <.*>', output)
+        if m:
+            user = m.group(0)
+        else:
+            user = repo.ui.username()
+        date_tz = None
+
+    ctx = context.memctx(repo, (p1, p2), msg,
+            ['.hgtags'], getfilectx,
+            user, date_tz, {'branch' : branch})
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    tagnode = repo.commitctx(ctx)
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    return (tagnode, branch)
+
+def checkheads_bmark(repo, ref, ctx):
+    bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+    if not bmark in bmarks:
+        # new bmark
+        return True
+
+    ctx_old = bmarks[bmark]
+    ctx_new = ctx
+    if not repo.changelog.descendant(ctx_old.rev(), ctx_new.rev()):
+        if force_push:
+            print "ok %s forced update" % ref
+        else:
+            print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+def checkheads(repo, remote, p_revs):
+
+    remotemap = remote.branchmap()
+    if not remotemap:
+        # empty repo
+        return True
+
+    new = {}
+    ret = True
+
+    for node, ref in p_revs.iteritems():
+        ctx = repo[node]
+        branch = ctx.branch()
+        if not branch in remotemap:
+            # new branch
+            continue
+        if not ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches'):
+            if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+                if not checkheads_bmark(repo, ref, ctx):
+                    ret = False
+
+            # only check branches
+            continue
+        new.setdefault(branch, []).append(ctx.rev())
+
+    for branch, heads in new.iteritems():
+        old = [repo.changelog.rev(x) for x in remotemap[branch]]
+        for rev in heads:
+            if check_version(2, 3):
+                ancestors = repo.changelog.ancestors([rev], stoprev=min(old))
+            else:
+                ancestors = repo.changelog.ancestors(rev)
+            found = False
+
+            for x in old:
+                if x in ancestors:
+                    found = True
+                    break
+
+            if found:
+                continue
+
+            node = repo.changelog.node(rev)
+            ref = p_revs[node]
+            if force_push:
+                print "ok %s forced update" % ref
+            else:
+                print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+                ret = False
+
+    return ret
+
+def push_unsafe(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+
+    force = force_push
+
+    fci = discovery.findcommonincoming
+    commoninc = fci(repo, remote, force=force)
+    common, _, remoteheads = commoninc
+
+    if not checkheads(repo, remote, p_revs):
+        return None
+
+    cg = repo.getbundle('push', heads=list(p_revs), common=common)
+
+    unbundle = remote.capable('unbundle')
+    if unbundle:
+        if force:
+            remoteheads = ['force']
+        return remote.unbundle(cg, remoteheads, 'push')
+    else:
+        return remote.addchangegroup(cg, 'push', repo.url())
+
+def push(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+    if hasattr(remote, 'canpush') and not remote.canpush():
+        print "error cannot push"
+
+    if not p_revs:
+        # nothing to push
+        return
+
+    lock = None
+    unbundle = remote.capable('unbundle')
+    if not unbundle:
+        lock = remote.lock()
+    try:
+        ret = push_unsafe(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs)
+    finally:
+        if lock is not None:
+            lock.release()
+
+    return ret
+
+def check_tip(ref, kind, name, heads):
+    try:
+        ename = '%s/%s' % (kind, name)
+        tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+    except KeyError:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return tip in heads
 
 def do_export(parser):
-    global parsed_refs, bmarks, peer
+    p_bmarks = []
+    p_revs = {}
 
     parser.next()
 
@@ -696,50 +1032,140 @@ def do_export(parser):
         else:
             die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
 
+    need_fetch = False
+
     for ref, node in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        bnode = hgbin(node) if node else None
         if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches'):
-            pass
+            branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+            if branch in branches and bnode in branches[branch]:
+                # up to date
+                continue
+
+            if peer:
+                remotemap = peer.branchmap()
+                if remotemap and branch in remotemap:
+                    heads = [hghex(e) for e in remotemap[branch]]
+                    if not check_tip(ref, 'branches', branch, heads):
+                        print "error %s fetch first" % ref
+                        need_fetch = True
+                        continue
+
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
+            print "ok %s" % ref
         elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
             bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
-            if bmark in bmarks:
-                old = bmarks[bmark].hex()
-            else:
-                old = ''
-            if not bookmarks.pushbookmark(parser.repo, bmark, old, node):
+            new = node
+            old = bmarks[bmark].hex() if bmark in bmarks else ''
+
+            if old == new:
                 continue
+
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+            if bmark != fake_bmark and \
+                    not (bmark == 'master' and bmark not in parser.repo._bookmarks):
+                p_bmarks.append((ref, bmark, old, new))
+
+            if peer:
+                remote_old = peer.listkeys('bookmarks').get(bmark)
+                if remote_old:
+                    if not check_tip(ref, 'bookmarks', bmark, remote_old):
+                        print "error %s fetch first" % ref
+                        need_fetch = True
+                        continue
+
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
         elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            if dry_run:
+                print "ok %s" % ref
+                continue
             tag = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
-            parser.repo.tag([tag], node, None, True, None, {})
+            tag = hgref(tag)
+            author, msg = parsed_tags.get(tag, (None, None))
+            if mode == 'git':
+                if not msg:
+                    msg = 'Added tag %s for changeset %s' % (tag, node[:12])
+                tagnode, branch = write_tag(parser.repo, tag, node, msg, author)
+                p_revs[tagnode] = 'refs/heads/branches/' + gitref(branch)
+            else:
+                fp = parser.repo.opener('localtags', 'a')
+                fp.write('%s %s\n' % (node, tag))
+                fp.close()
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
+            print "ok %s" % ref
         else:
             # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
             continue
-        print "ok %s" % ref
 
-    print
+    if need_fetch:
+        print
+        return
+
+    if dry_run:
+        if peer and not force_push:
+            checkheads(parser.repo, peer, p_revs)
+        print
+        return
 
     if peer:
-        parser.repo.push(peer, force=False)
+        if not push(parser.repo, peer, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+            # do not update bookmarks
+            print
+            return
+
+        # update remote bookmarks
+        remote_bmarks = peer.listkeys('bookmarks')
+        for ref, bmark, old, new in p_bmarks:
+            if force_push:
+                old = remote_bmarks.get(bmark, '')
+            if not peer.pushkey('bookmarks', bmark, old, new):
+                print "error %s" % ref
+    else:
+        # update local bookmarks
+        for ref, bmark, old, new in p_bmarks:
+            if not bookmarks.pushbookmark(parser.repo, bmark, old, new):
+                print "error %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def do_option(parser):
+    global dry_run, force_push
+    _, key, value = parser.line.split(' ')
+    if key == 'dry-run':
+        dry_run = (value == 'true')
+        print 'ok'
+    elif key == 'force':
+        force_push = (value == 'true')
+        print 'ok'
+    else:
+        print 'unsupported'
+
+def fix_path(alias, repo, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(os.path.expanduser(url.path)):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "hg::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
 
 def main(args):
-    global prefix, dirname, branches, bmarks
+    global prefix, gitdir, dirname, branches, bmarks
     global marks, blob_marks, parsed_refs
     global peer, mode, bad_mail, bad_name
-    global track_branches
+    global track_branches, force_push, is_tmp
+    global parsed_tags
+    global filenodes
+    global fake_bmark, hg_version
+    global dry_run
+    global notes, alias
 
     alias = args[1]
     url = args[2]
     peer = None
 
-    hg_git_compat = False
-    track_branches = True
-    try:
-        if get_config('remote-hg.hg-git-compat') == 'true\n':
-            hg_git_compat = True
-            track_branches = False
-        if get_config('remote-hg.track-branches') == 'false\n':
-            track_branches = False
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-        pass
+    hg_git_compat = get_config_bool('remote-hg.hg-git-compat')
+    track_branches = get_config_bool('remote-hg.track-branches', True)
+    force_push = False
 
     if hg_git_compat:
         mode = 'hg'
@@ -752,7 +1178,7 @@ def main(args):
 
     if alias[4:] == url:
         is_tmp = True
-        alias = util.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
     else:
         is_tmp = False
 
@@ -762,15 +1188,29 @@ def main(args):
     bmarks = {}
     blob_marks = {}
     parsed_refs = {}
+    marks = None
+    parsed_tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+    fake_bmark = None
+    try:
+        hg_version = tuple(int(e) for e in util.version().split('.'))
+    except:
+        hg_version = None
+    dry_run = False
+    notes = set()
 
     repo = get_repo(url, alias)
     prefix = 'refs/hg/%s' % alias
 
-    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, peer or repo, url)
 
     marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-hg')
-    marks = Marks(marks_path)
+    marks = Marks(marks_path, repo)
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        import msvcrt
+        msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
 
     parser = Parser(repo)
     for line in parser:
@@ -782,13 +1222,19 @@ def main(args):
             do_import(parser)
         elif parser.check('export'):
             do_export(parser)
+        elif parser.check('option'):
+            do_option(parser)
         else:
             die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
         sys.stdout.flush()
 
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
     if not is_tmp:
         marks.store()
     else:
         shutil.rmtree(dirname)
 
+atexit.register(bye)
 sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5c50251783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-bzr'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import bzrlib'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; bzr not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+check () {
+	echo $3 >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git log --format='%s' -1 $2 >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+bzr whoami "A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning' '
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git pull) &&
+
+	check gitrepo HEAD two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing' '
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	echo three >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'roundtrip' '
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git log --format="%s" -1 origin/master >actual
+	) &&
+	echo three >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git push && git pull) &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	bzr commit -m four
+	) &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git pull && git push) &&
+
+	check gitrepo HEAD four &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -a -m five &&
+	git push && git pull
+	) &&
+
+	(cd bzrrepo && bzr revert) &&
+
+	echo five >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'special modes' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo exec >executable
+	chmod +x executable &&
+	bzr add executable
+	bzr commit -m exec &&
+	ln -s content link
+	bzr add link
+	bzr commit -m link &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	bzr add dir &&
+	bzr commit -m dir
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull
+	git ls-tree HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD:link >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	printf content >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+040000 tree 35c0caa46693cef62247ac89a680f0c5ce32b37b	movedir-new
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'moving directory' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	mkdir movedir &&
+	echo one >movedir/one &&
+	echo two >movedir/two &&
+	bzr add movedir &&
+	bzr commit -m movedir &&
+	bzr mv movedir movedir-new &&
+	bzr commit -m movedir-new
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git ls-tree HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'different authors' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo john >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m john \
+	  --author "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>" \
+	  --author "John Doe <jdoe@example.com>"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git show --format="%an <%ae>, %cn <%ce>" --quiet >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	echo "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>, A U Thor <author@example.com>" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch utf-8 filenames' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	bzr add "ærø" &&
+	echo test >>"ø~?" &&
+	bzr add "ø~?" &&
+	bzr commit -m add-utf-8 &&
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	bzr commit -m test-utf-8 &&
+	bzr rm "ø~?" &&
+	bzr mv "ærø" "ø~?" &&
+	bzr commit -m bzr-mv-utf-8
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git -c core.quotepath=false ls-files >../actual
+	) &&
+	echo "ø~?" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push utf-8 filenames' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	git add "ærø" &&
+	git commit -m utf-8 &&
+
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	(cd bzrrepo && bzr ls >../actual) &&
+	printf "content\nærø\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a merge' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git merge origin/master || true &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a --no-edit &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	echo three >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+origin/HEAD
+origin/branch
+origin/trunk
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'proper bzr repo' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	bzr init-repo bzrrepo &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo/trunk &&
+	cd bzrrepo/trunk &&
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	bzr branch bzrrepo/trunk bzrrepo/branch &&
+	cd bzrrepo/branch &&
+	echo two >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/remotes/origin >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one &&
+
+	echo two >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	bzr uncommit --force &&
+
+	echo three >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m three &&
+
+	echo four >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m four &&
+	bzr log --line | sed -e "s/^[0-9][0-9]*: //" >../expected
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git log --format="%an %ad %s" --date=short origin/master >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'export utf-8 authors' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C && unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Grégoire"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+
+	(
+	git init gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo greg >>content &&
+	git add content &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git remote add bzr "bzr::../bzrrepo" &&
+	git push bzr
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	bzr log | grep "^committer: " >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	echo "committer: Grégoire <committer@example.com>" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
index a94eb28092..e24c51daad 100755
--- a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
@@ -6,24 +6,25 @@
 # https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
 #
 
-test_description='Test biridectionality of remote-hg'
+test_description='Test bidirectionality of remote-hg'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
 # clone to a git repo
 git_clone () {
-	hg -R $1 bookmark -f -r tip master &&
-	git clone -q "hg::$PWD/$1" $2
+	git clone -q "hg::$1" $2
 }
 
 # clone to an hg repo
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ hg_clone () {
 	(
 	hg init $2 &&
 	cd $1 &&
-	git push -q "hg::$PWD/../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	git push -q "hg::../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
 	) &&
 
 	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
@@ -41,16 +42,15 @@ hg_clone () {
 hg_push () {
 	(
 	cd $2
-	old=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
 	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
-	git fetch -q "hg::$PWD/../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
-	git checkout -q $old &&
-	git branch -q -D tmp 2> /dev/null || true
+	git fetch -q "hg::../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git checkout -q @{-1} &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2>/dev/null || true
 	)
 }
 
 hg_log () {
-	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug | grep -v 'tag: *default/'
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug
 }
 
 setup () {
@@ -62,40 +62,43 @@ setup () {
 	echo "commit = -d \"0 0\""
 	echo "debugrawcommit = -d \"0 0\""
 	echo "tag = -d \"0 0\""
-	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
 	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+	git config --global remote-hg.track-branches true
 
-	export HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
-
-	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
-	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 }
 
 setup
 
 test_expect_success 'encoding' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
 
-	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta" &&
 
-	echo gamma > gamma &&
+	echo gamma >gamma &&
 	git add gamma &&
 	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
 
 	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
-	echo delta > delta &&
+	echo delta >delta &&
 	git add delta &&
 	git commit -m "add déltà"
 	) &&
@@ -104,27 +107,26 @@ test_expect_success 'encoding' '
 	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
 	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
 
-	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
-	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
 
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'file removal' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta"
 	mkdir foo &&
-	echo blah > foo/bar &&
+	echo blah >foo/bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -m "add foo" &&
 	git rm alpha &&
@@ -137,26 +139,25 @@ test_expect_success 'file removal' '
 	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
 	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
 
-	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
-	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
 
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git tags' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
 	git tag alpha &&
 
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta" &&
 	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
@@ -166,21 +167,20 @@ test_expect_success 'git tags' '
 	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
 	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
 
-	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
-	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
 
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
 	git checkout -q -b not-master
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
 	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
 
 	cd hgrepo &&
-	hg -q co master &&
+	hg -q co default &&
 	hg mv alpha beta &&
 	hg -q commit -m "rename alpha to beta" &&
 	hg branch gamma | grep -v "permanent and global" &&
@@ -200,24 +200,23 @@ test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
 	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
 	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
 
-	: TODO, avoid "master" bookmark &&
-	(cd hgrepo2 && hg checkout gamma) &&
+	: Back to the common revision &&
+	(cd hgrepo && hg checkout default) &&
 
-	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
-	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
 
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
 	git checkout -q -b not-master
@@ -227,15 +226,15 @@ test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
 	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
 
 	cd hgrepo &&
-	hg co master &&
+	hg co default &&
 	hg tag alpha
 	) &&
 
 	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
 	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
 
-	hg_log hgrepo > expected &&
-	hg_log hgrepo2 > actual &&
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
 
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
index 3e76d9fb60..6dcd95d10f 100755
--- a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
@@ -10,33 +10,37 @@ test_description='Test remote-hg output compared to hg-git'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import hggit'; then
+if ! python -c 'import hggit'
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; hg-git not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
 # clone to a git repo with git
 git_clone_git () {
-	hg -R $1 bookmark -f -r tip master &&
-	git clone -q "hg::$PWD/$1" $2
+	git clone -q "hg::$1" $2 &&
+	(cd $2 && git checkout master && git branch -D default)
 }
 
 # clone to an hg repo with git
 hg_clone_git () {
 	(
 	hg init $2 &&
+	hg -R $2 bookmark -i master &&
 	cd $1 &&
-	git push -q "hg::$PWD/../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	git push -q "hg::../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
 	) &&
 
 	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ git_clone_hg () {
 	(
 	git init -q $2 &&
 	cd $1 &&
-	hg bookmark -f -r tip master &&
+	hg bookmark -i -f -r tip master &&
 	hg -q push -r master ../$2 || true
 	)
 }
@@ -61,11 +65,11 @@ hg_clone_hg () {
 hg_push_git () {
 	(
 	cd $2
-	old=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
 	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
-	git fetch -q "hg::$PWD/../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
-	git checkout -q $old &&
-	git branch -q -D tmp 2> /dev/null || true
+	git fetch -q "hg::../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git branch -D default &&
+	git checkout -q @{-1} &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2>/dev/null || true
 	)
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +82,8 @@ hg_push_hg () {
 }
 
 hg_log () {
-	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug | grep -v 'tag: *default/'
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug >log &&
+	grep -v 'tag: *default/' log
 }
 
 git_log () {
@@ -97,47 +102,118 @@ setup () {
 	echo "[extensions]"
 	echo "hgext.bookmarks ="
 	echo "hggit ="
-	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
 	git config --global receive.denycurrentbranch warn
 	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+	git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
 
-	export HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
+	HGEDITOR=true
+	HGMERGE=true
 
-	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
-	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR HGMERGE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 }
 
 setup
 
+test_expect_success 'executable bit' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	chmod 0755 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "set executable bit" &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "clear executable bit"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -r 1 -v &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) >"output-$x" &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	ln -s alpha beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) >"output-$x" &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge conflict 1' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	hg init hgrepo1 &&
 	cd hgrepo1 &&
-	echo A > afile &&
+	echo A >afile &&
 	hg add afile &&
 	hg ci -m "origin" &&
 
-	echo B > afile &&
+	echo B >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
 
 	hg up -r0 &&
-	echo C > afile &&
+	echo C >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
 
-	hg merge -r1 || true &&
-	echo C > afile &&
+	hg merge -r1 &&
+	echo C >afile &&
 	hg resolve -m afile &&
 	hg ci -m "merge to C"
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
-		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
@@ -145,34 +221,34 @@ test_expect_success 'merge conflict 1' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge conflict 2' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	hg init hgrepo1 &&
 	cd hgrepo1 &&
-	echo A > afile &&
+	echo A >afile &&
 	hg add afile &&
 	hg ci -m "origin" &&
 
-	echo B > afile &&
+	echo B >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
 
 	hg up -r0 &&
-	echo C > afile &&
+	echo C >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
 
 	hg merge -r1 || true &&
-	echo B > afile &&
+	echo B >afile &&
 	hg resolve -m afile &&
 	hg ci -m "merge to B"
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
-		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
@@ -180,35 +256,35 @@ test_expect_success 'merge conflict 2' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'converged merge' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	hg init hgrepo1 &&
 	cd hgrepo1 &&
-	echo A > afile &&
+	echo A >afile &&
 	hg add afile &&
 	hg ci -m "origin" &&
 
-	echo B > afile &&
+	echo B >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
 
-	echo C > afile &&
+	echo C >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "B->C" &&
 
 	hg up -r0 &&
-	echo C > afile &&
+	echo C >afile &&
 	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
 
 	hg merge -r2 || true &&
 	hg ci -m "merge"
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
-		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
@@ -216,38 +292,39 @@ test_expect_success 'converged merge' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'encoding' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
 
-	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta" &&
 
-	echo gamma > gamma &&
+	echo gamma >gamma &&
 	git add gamma &&
 	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
 
 	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
-	echo delta > delta &&
+	echo delta >delta &&
 	git add delta &&
 	git commit -m "add déltà"
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
 		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
 
-		HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo2-$x > git-log-$x
+		HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
@@ -255,20 +332,19 @@ test_expect_success 'encoding' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'file removal' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta"
 	mkdir foo &&
-	echo blah > foo/bar &&
+	echo blah >foo/bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -m "add foo" &&
 	git rm alpha &&
@@ -277,17 +353,18 @@ test_expect_success 'file removal' '
 	git commit -m "remove foo/bar"
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		(
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
 		cd hgrepo-$x &&
 		hg_log . &&
 		hg manifest -r 3 &&
 		hg manifest
-		) > output-$x &&
+		) >"output-$x" &&
 
 		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo2-$x > log-$x
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
@@ -295,42 +372,42 @@ test_expect_success 'file removal' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git tags' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
 	(
 	git init -q gitrepo &&
 	cd gitrepo &&
 	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
-	echo alpha > alpha &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
 	git add alpha &&
 	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
 	git tag alpha &&
 
-	echo beta > beta &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
 	git add beta &&
 	git commit -m "add beta" &&
 	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
 	) &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
-		hg_log hgrepo-$x > log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo-$x >"log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp log-hg log-git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'hg author' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		(
 		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
 		cd gitrepo-$x &&
 
-		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
 		git add alpha &&
 		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
 		git checkout -q -b not-master
@@ -341,38 +418,38 @@ test_expect_success 'hg author' '
 		cd hgrepo-$x &&
 
 		hg co master &&
-		echo beta > beta &&
+		echo beta >beta &&
 		hg add beta &&
 		hg commit -u "test" -m "add beta" &&
 
-		echo gamma >> beta &&
+		echo gamma >>beta &&
 		hg commit -u "test <test@example.com> (comment)" -m "modify beta" &&
 
-		echo gamma > gamma &&
+		echo gamma >gamma &&
 		hg add gamma &&
 		hg commit -u "<test@example.com>" -m "add gamma" &&
 
-		echo delta > delta &&
+		echo delta >delta &&
 		hg add delta &&
 		hg commit -u "name<test@example.com>" -m "add delta" &&
 
-		echo epsilon > epsilon &&
+		echo epsilon >epsilon &&
 		hg add epsilon &&
 		hg commit -u "name <test@example.com" -m "add epsilon" &&
 
-		echo zeta > zeta &&
+		echo zeta >zeta &&
 		hg add zeta &&
 		hg commit -u " test " -m "add zeta" &&
 
-		echo eta > eta &&
+		echo eta >eta &&
 		hg add eta &&
 		hg commit -u "test < test@example.com >" -m "add eta" &&
 
-		echo theta > theta &&
+		echo theta >theta &&
 		hg add theta &&
 		hg commit -u "test >test@example.com>" -m "add theta" &&
 
-		echo iota > iota &&
+		echo iota >iota &&
 		hg add iota &&
 		hg commit -u "test <test <at> example <dot> com>" -m "add iota"
 		) &&
@@ -380,26 +457,24 @@ test_expect_success 'hg author' '
 		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
 
-		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
-	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git &&
-
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
 	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		(
 		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
 		cd gitrepo-$x &&
 
-		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
 		git add alpha &&
 		git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
 		git checkout -q -b not-master
@@ -419,8 +494,8 @@ test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
 		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
 		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
 
-		hg_log hgrepo2-$x > hg-log-$x &&
-		git_log gitrepo-$x > git-log-$x
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
@@ -428,15 +503,15 @@ test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
-	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
-	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
 
-	for x in hg git; do
+	for x in hg git
+	do
 		(
 		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
 		cd gitrepo-$x &&
 
-		echo alpha > alpha &&
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
 		git add alpha &&
 		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
 		git checkout -q -b not-master
@@ -457,7 +532,7 @@ test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
 		git --git-dir=gitrepo-$x/.git tag -l &&
 		hg_log hgrepo2-$x &&
 		cat hgrepo2-$x/.hgtags
-		) > output-$x
+		) >"output-$x"
 	done &&
 
 	test_cmp output-hg output-git
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
index 5f81dfae6c..72f745d63f 100755
--- a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
@@ -10,112 +10,685 @@ test_description='Test remote-hg'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if ! "$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import mercurial'; then
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
 	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 
 check () {
-	(cd $1 &&
-	git log --format='%s' -1 &&
-	git symbolic-ref HEAD) > actual &&
-	(echo $2 &&
-	echo "refs/heads/$3") > expected &&
+	echo $3 >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git log --format='%s' -1 $2 >actual
 	test_cmp expected actual
 }
 
+check_branch () {
+	if test -n "$3"
+	then
+		echo $3 >expected &&
+		hg -R $1 log -r $2 --template '{desc}\n' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	else
+		hg -R $1 branches >out &&
+		! grep $2 out
+	fi
+}
+
+check_bookmark () {
+	if test -n "$3"
+	then
+		echo $3 >expected &&
+		hg -R $1 log -r "bookmark('$2')" --template '{desc}\n' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	else
+		hg -R $1 bookmarks >out &&
+		! grep $2 out
+	fi
+}
+
+check_push () {
+	local expected_ret=$1 ret=0 ref_ret=0 IFS=':'
+
+	shift
+	git push origin "$@" 2>error
+	ret=$?
+	cat error
+
+	while read branch kind
+	do
+		case "$kind" in
+		'new')
+			grep "^ \* \[new branch\] *${branch} -> ${branch}$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'non-fast-forward')
+			grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *${branch} -> ${branch} (non-fast-forward)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'fetch-first')
+			grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *${branch} -> ${branch} (fetch first)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'forced-update')
+			grep "^ + [a-f0-9]*\.\.\.[a-f0-9]* *${branch} -> ${branch} (forced update)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'')
+			grep "^   [a-f0-9]*\.\.[a-f0-9]* *${branch} -> ${branch}$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		esac
+		test $ref_ret -ne 0 && echo "match for '$branch' failed" && break
+	done
+
+	if test $expected_ret -ne $ret -o $ref_ret -ne 0
+	then
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	return 0
+}
+
 setup () {
 	(
 	echo "[ui]"
 	echo "username = H G Wells <wells@example.com>"
-	) >> "$HOME"/.hgrc
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "mq ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" &&
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
 }
 
 setup
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning' '
-  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
 
-  (
-  hg init hgrepo &&
-  cd hgrepo &&
-  echo zero > content &&
-  hg add content &&
-  hg commit -m zero
-  ) &&
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero
+	) &&
 
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
-  check gitrepo zero master
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD zero
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning with branches' '
-  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
 
-  (
-  cd hgrepo &&
-  hg branch next &&
-  echo next > content &&
-  hg commit -m next
-  ) &&
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg branch next &&
+	echo next >content &&
+	hg commit -m next
+	) &&
 
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
-  check gitrepo next next &&
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo origin/branches/next next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with bookmarks' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
 
-  (cd hgrepo && hg checkout default) &&
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout default &&
+	hg bookmark feature-a &&
+	echo feature-a >content &&
+	hg commit -m feature-a
+	) &&
 
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo2 &&
-  check gitrepo2 zero master
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo origin/feature-a feature-a
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with bookmarks' '
-  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+test_expect_success 'update bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
 
-  (
-  cd hgrepo &&
-  hg bookmark feature-a &&
-  echo feature-a > content &&
-  hg commit -m feature-a
-  ) &&
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark devel
+	) &&
 
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
-  check gitrepo feature-a feature-a
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet devel &&
+	echo devel >content &&
+	git commit -a -m devel &&
+	git push --quiet
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo devel devel
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with detached head' '
-  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+test_expect_success 'new bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
 
-  (
-  cd hgrepo &&
-  hg update -r 0
-  ) &&
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-b &&
+	echo feature-b >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-b &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-b
+	) &&
 
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
-  check gitrepo zero master
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-b feature-b
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'update bookmark' '
-  test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
-
-  (
-  cd hgrepo &&
-  hg bookmark devel
-  ) &&
-
-  (
-  git clone "hg::$PWD/hgrepo" gitrepo &&
-  cd gitrepo &&
-  git checkout devel &&
-  echo devel > content &&
-  git commit -a -m devel &&
-  git push
-  ) &&
-
-  hg -R hgrepo bookmarks | grep "devel\s\+3:"
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf hgrepo
+
+author_test () {
+	echo $1 >>content &&
+	hg commit -u "$2" -m "add $1" &&
+	echo "$3" >>../expected
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'authors' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+
+	touch content &&
+	hg add content &&
+
+	>../expected &&
+	author_test alpha "" "H G Wells <wells@example.com>" &&
+	author_test beta "test" "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test beta "test <test@example.com> (comment)" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test gamma "<test@example.com>" "Unknown <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test delta "name<test@example.com>" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test epsilon "name <test@example.com" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test zeta " test " "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test eta "test < test@example.com >" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test theta "test >test@example.com>" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test iota "test < test <at> example <dot> com>" "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test kappa "test@example.com" "Unknown <test@example.com>"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	git --git-dir=gitrepo/.git log --reverse --format="%an <%ae>" >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m one &&
+
+	echo two >>content &&
+	hg commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg strip 1 &&
+
+	echo three >>content &&
+	hg commit -m three &&
+
+	echo four >>content &&
+	hg commit -m four
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git log --format="%s" origin/master >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	hg -R hgrepo log --template "{desc}\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push with master bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark master &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default two
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+changeset:   0:6e2126489d3d
+tag:         tip
+user:        A U Thor <author@example.com>
+date:        Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2007 +0230
+summary:     one
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push from master branch' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+
+	(
+	git init gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git remote add origin "hg::../hgrepo" &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	git add content &&
+	git commit -a -m one &&
+	git push origin master
+	) &&
+
+	hg -R hgrepo log >actual &&
+	cat actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one
+'
+
+GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE=1
+export GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE
+
+test_expect_success 'remote cloning' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD zero
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote update bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark devel
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet devel &&
+	echo devel >content &&
+	git commit -a -m devel &&
+	git push --quiet
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo devel devel
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote new bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-b &&
+	echo feature-b >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-b &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-b
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-b feature-b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push diverged' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout default &&
+	echo bump >content &&
+	hg commit -m bump
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo diverge >content &&
+	git commit -a -m diverged &&
+	check_push 1 <<-\EOF
+	master:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default bump
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote update bookmark diverge' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout tip^ &&
+	hg bookmark diverge
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo "bump bookmark" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bump bookmark"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet diverge &&
+	echo diverge >content &&
+	git commit -a -m diverge &&
+	check_push 1 <<-\EOF
+	diverge:fetch-first
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo diverge "bump bookmark"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote new bookmark multiple branch head' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-c HEAD^ &&
+	echo feature-c >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-c &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-c
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-c feature-c
+'
+
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf hgrepo
+
+setup_big_push () {
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark1 &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark2 &&
+	hg bookmark good_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark -i good_bmark &&
+	hg -q branch good_branch &&
+	echo "good branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "good branch" &&
+	hg -q branch bad_branch &&
+	echo "bad branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bad branch"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m two &&
+
+	git checkout -q good_bmark &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m three &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark1 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m four &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark2 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m five &&
+
+	git checkout -q -b new_bmark master &&
+	echo six >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m six &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/good_branch &&
+	echo seven >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m seven &&
+	echo eight >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m eight &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/bad_branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo nine >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m nine &&
+
+	git checkout -q -b branches/new_branch master &&
+	echo ten >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m ten
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'remote big push' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:non-fast-forward
+	bad_bmark2:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch "good branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch "bad branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch '' &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark ''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote big push fetch first' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark good_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark -i good_bmark &&
+	hg -q branch good_branch &&
+	echo "good branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "good branch" &&
+	hg -q branch bad_branch &&
+	echo "bad branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bad branch"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark -f bad_bmark &&
+	echo update_bmark >content &&
+	hg commit -m "update bmark"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m two &&
+
+	git checkout -q good_bmark &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m three &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m four &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/bad_branch &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m five &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF &&
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	bad_bmark:fetch-first
+	branches/bad_branch:festch-first
+	EOF
+
+	git fetch &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	bad_bmark:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'remote big push force' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 0 --force --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:forced-update
+	bad_bmark2:forced-update
+	branches/bad_branch:forced-update
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default six &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch eight &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch nine &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch ten &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark three &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 four &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 five &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark six
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'remote big push dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 1 --dry-run --all <<-\EOF &&
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:non-fast-forward
+	bad_bmark2:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+
+	check_push 0 --dry-run master good_bmark new_bmark branches/good_branch branches/new_branch <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch "good branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch "bad branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch '' &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark ''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote double failed push' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
index 7e77c9d022..91360a3d7f 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
+++ b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 *~
+git-subtree
 git-subtree.xml
 git-subtree.1
 mainline
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
index 05cdd5c9b2..435b2dea29 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
@@ -30,12 +30,14 @@ $(GIT_SUBTREE): $(GIT_SUBTREE_SH)
 doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
 
 install: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(libexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(libexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(DESTDIR)$(libexecdir)
 
 install-doc: install-man
 
 install-man: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
 
 $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC): $(GIT_SUBTREE_XML)
 	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_NORMAL_XSL)  man $^
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
index 920c664bb7..7d7af03274 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/bin/sh
 #
 # git-subtree.sh: split/join git repositories in subdirectories of this one
 #
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
 fi
 OPTS_SPEC="\
 git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
+git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <commit>
 git subtree merge --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
 git subtree pull  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 git subtree push  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
@@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ copy_commit()
 	# We're going to set some environment vars here, so
 	# do it in a subshell to get rid of them safely later
 	debug copy_commit "{$1}" "{$2}" "{$3}"
-	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%an%n%ae%n%ad%n%cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%s%n%n%b' "$1" |
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%an%n%ae%n%ad%n%cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%B' "$1" |
 	(
 		read GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 		read GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ copy_commit()
 			GIT_COMMITTER_NAME \
 			GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL \
 			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-		(echo -n "$annotate"; cat ) |
+		(printf "%s" "$annotate"; cat ) |
 		git commit-tree "$2" $3  # reads the rest of stdin
 	) || die "Can't copy commit $1"
 }
@@ -497,12 +498,23 @@ cmd_add()
 	ensure_clean
 	
 	if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
-		"cmd_add_commit" "$@"
+	    git rev-parse -q --verify "$1^{commit}" >/dev/null ||
+	    die "'$1' does not refer to a commit"
+
+	    "cmd_add_commit" "$@"
 	elif [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
-		"cmd_add_repository" "$@"
+	    # Technically we could accept a refspec here but we're
+	    # just going to turn around and add FETCH_HEAD under the
+	    # specified directory.  Allowing a refspec might be
+	    # misleading because we won't do anything with any other
+	    # branches fetched via the refspec.
+	    git rev-parse -q --verify "$2^{commit}" >/dev/null ||
+	    die "'$2' does not refer to a commit"
+
+	    "cmd_add_repository" "$@"
 	else
 	    say "error: parameters were '$@'"
-	    die "Provide either a refspec or a repository and refspec."
+	    die "Provide either a commit or a repository and commit."
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -703,7 +715,8 @@ cmd_push()
 	    repository=$1
 	    refspec=$2
 	    echo "git push using: " $repository $refspec
-	    git push $repository $(git subtree split --prefix=$prefix):refs/heads/$refspec
+	    localrev=$(git subtree split --prefix="$prefix") || die
+	    git push $repository $localrev:refs/heads/$refspec
 	else
 	    die "'$dir' must already exist. Try 'git subtree add'."
 	fi
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
index 0c44fda011..e0957eee55 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ git-subtree - Merge subtrees together and split repository into subtrees
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <refspec>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec>
 'git subtree' pull  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' push  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' merge -P <prefix> <commit>
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ pull::
 	repository.
 	
 push::
-	Does a 'split' (see above) using the <prefix> supplied
+	Does a 'split' (see below) using the <prefix> supplied
 	and then does a 'git push' to push the result to the 
 	repository and refspec. This can be used to push your
 	subtree to different branches of the remote repository.
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ git-extensions repository in ~/git-extensions/:
 name
 
 You can omit the --squash flag, but doing so will increase the number
-of commits that are incldued in your local repository.
+of commits that are included in your local repository.
 
 We now have a ~/git-extensions/git-subtree directory containing code
 from the master branch of git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
index bc2eeb0944..66ce4b07c2 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ last_commit_message()
 	git log --pretty=format:%s -1
 }
 
-# 1
 test_expect_success 'init subproj' '
         test_create_repo subproj
 '
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@ test_expect_success 'init subproj' '
 # To the subproject!
 cd subproj
 
-# 2
 test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
         create sub1 &&
         git commit -m "sub1" &&
@@ -76,14 +74,16 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
         git branch -m master subproj
 '
 
-# 3
+# Save this hash for testing later.
+
+subdir_hash=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2" &&
         git branch sub2
 '
 
-# 4
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3" &&
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 5
 test_expect_success 'add main4' '
         create main4 &&
         git commit -m "main4" &&
@@ -101,125 +100,107 @@ test_expect_success 'add main4' '
         git branch subdir
 '
 
-# 6
 test_expect_success 'fetch subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub1 &&
         git branch sub1 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 7
 test_expect_success 'no subtree exists in main tree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree merge --prefix=subdir sub1
 '
 
-# 8
 test_expect_success 'no pull from non-existant subtree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj sub1
 '
 
-# 9
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for add' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir --message="Added subproject" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 10
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works as -m and --prefix as -P' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject using git subtree" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject using git subtree" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 11
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works with squash too' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject with squash" --squash sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject with squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 12
 test_expect_success 'add subproj to mainline' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Add '"'subdir/'"' from commit '"'"'''"$(git rev-parse sub1)"'''"'"'"
 '
 
-# 13
 # this shouldn't actually do anything, since FETCH_HEAD is already a parent
 test_expect_success 'merge fetched subproj' '
         git merge -m "merge -s -ours" -s ours FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 14
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         create subdir/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 15
 test_expect_success 'add main6' '
         create main6 &&
         git commit -m "main6 boring"
 '
 
-# 16
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub7' '
         create subdir/main-sub7 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub7"
 '
 
-# 17
 test_expect_success 'fetch new subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub2 &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 18
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for merge' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject" sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 19
 test_expect_success 'check if --message for merge works with squash too' '
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject using squash" --squash sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject using squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 20
 test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into subdir' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir FETCH_HEAD &&
         git branch pre-split &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merge commit '"'"'"$(git rev-parse sub2)"'"'"' into mainline"
 '
 
-# 21
 test_expect_success 'Check that prefix argument is required for split' '
         echo "You must provide the --prefix option." > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split > actual 2>&1 &&
-        test_debug "echo -n expected: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat expected" &&
-        test_debug "echo -n actual: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat actual" &&
         test_cmp expected actual &&
         rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 22
 test_expect_success 'Check that the <prefix> exists for a split' '
         echo "'"'"'non-existent-directory'"'"'" does not exist\; use "'"'"'git subtree add'"'"'" > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix=non-existent-directory > actual 2>&1 &&
-        test_debug "echo -n expected: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat expected" &&
-        test_debug "echo -n actual: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat actual" &&
         test_cmp expected actual
 #        rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 23
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl1 "$spl1" &&
@@ -227,15 +208,24 @@ test_expect_success 'check if --message works for split+rejoin' '
         undo
 '
 
-# 24
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch' '
-        spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
-        undo &&
-        git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
-        check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check hash of split' '
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --prefix subdir) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch splitbr1test &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1test)"'' "$spl1"
+	git checkout splitbr1test &&
+	new_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
+	git checkout mainline &&
+	check_equal ''"$new_hash"'' "$subdir_hash"
 '
 
-# 25
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an existing branch' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -244,13 +234,10 @@ test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an existing branch' '
         check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr2)"'' "$spl1"
 '
 
-# 26
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an incompatible branch' '
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch subdir
 '
 
-
-# 27
 test_expect_success 'check split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -258,7 +245,6 @@ test_expect_success 'check split+rejoin' '
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Split '"'"'subdir/'"'"' into commit '"'"'"$spl1"'"'"'"
 '
 
-# 28
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub8' '
         create subdir/main-sub8 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub8"
@@ -267,14 +253,12 @@ test_expect_success 'add main-sub8' '
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 29
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl1 &&
         git branch spl1 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git merge FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 30
 test_expect_success 'add sub9' '
         create sub9 &&
         git commit -m "sub9"
@@ -283,19 +267,16 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub9' '
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 31
 test_expect_success 'split for sub8' '
         split2=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir/ --rejoin)"''
         git branch split2 "$split2"
 '
 
-# 32
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub10' '
         create subdir/main-sub10 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub10"
 '
 
-# 33
 test_expect_success 'split for sub10' '
         spl3=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl3 "$spl3"
@@ -304,7 +285,6 @@ test_expect_success 'split for sub10' '
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 34
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl3 &&
         git branch spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -318,13 +298,11 @@ chkms_sub=$(echo $chkms | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
 chks="sub1 sub2 sub3 sub9"
 chks_sub=$(echo $chks | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
 
-# 35
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the subproj' '
         subfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$subfiles" "$chkms $chks"
 '
 
-# 36
 test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj history *only* contains commits that affect the subdir' '
         allchanges=''"$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:'"''"' | sort | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$allchanges" "$chkms $chks"
@@ -333,20 +311,17 @@ test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj history *only* contains commits that
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 37
 test_expect_success 'pull from subproj' '
         git fetch ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3 &&
         git branch subproj-merge-spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3
 '
 
-# 38
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the mainline' '
         mainfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$mainfiles" "$chkm $chkms_sub $chks_sub"
 '
 
-# 39
 test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire history' '
         # main-sub?? and /subdir/main-sub?? both change, because those are the
         # changes that were split into their own history.  And subdir/sub?? never
@@ -355,12 +330,10 @@ test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire
         check_equal "$allchanges" ''"$(echo $chkms $chkm $chks $chkms_sub | multiline | sort | fixnl)"''
 '
 
-# 40
 test_expect_success 'make sure the --rejoin commits never make it into subproj' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s'"' HEAD^2 | grep -i split)"'' ""
 '
 
-# 41
 test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subproj' '
         # They are meaningless to subproj since one side of the merge refers to the mainline
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s%n%b'"' HEAD^2 | grep "git-subtree.*:")"'' ""
@@ -370,14 +343,12 @@ test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subp
 mkdir test2
 cd test2
 
-# 42
 test_expect_success 'init main' '
         test_create_repo main
 '
 
 cd main
 
-# 43
 test_expect_success 'add main1' '
         create main1 &&
         git commit -m "main1"
@@ -385,14 +356,12 @@ test_expect_success 'add main1' '
 
 cd ..
 
-# 44
 test_expect_success 'init sub' '
         test_create_repo sub
 '
 
 cd sub
 
-# 45
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2"
@@ -402,7 +371,6 @@ cd ../main
 
 # check if split can find proper base without --onto
 
-# 46
 test_expect_success 'add sub as subdir in main' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -411,7 +379,6 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub as subdir in main' '
 
 cd ../sub
 
-# 47
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3"
@@ -419,20 +386,17 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
 
 cd ../main
 
-# 48
 test_expect_success 'merge from sub' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir sub3
 '
 
-# 49
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub4' '
         create subdir/main-sub4 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub4"
 '
 
-# 50
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub4 without --onto' '
         git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch mainsub4
 '
@@ -442,23 +406,20 @@ test_expect_success 'split for main-sub4 without --onto' '
 # have been sub3, but it was not, because its cache was not set to
 # itself)
 
-# 51
 test_expect_success 'check that the commit parent is sub3' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub4)"'' ''"$(git rev-parse sub3)"''
 '
 
-# 52
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         mkdir subdir2 &&
         create subdir2/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 53
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub5 without --onto' '
         # also test that we still can split out an entirely new subtree
         # if the parent of the first commit in the tree is not empty,
-        # then the new subtree has accidently been attached to something
+	# then the new subtree has accidentally been attached to something
         git subtree split --prefix subdir2 --branch mainsub5 &&
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub5)"'' ""
 '
@@ -487,7 +448,6 @@ joincommits()
 	echo "$commit $all"
 }
 
-# 54
 test_expect_success 'verify one file change per commit' '
         x= &&
         list=''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'commit: %H'"' | joincommits)"'' &&
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
index 1cfac4a6f8..4e78a1c3cd 100755
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
@@ -7,10 +7,14 @@ to the highest revision that should be available.
 """
 import sys, os
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+        # The limiter is the ValueError() calls. This may be too conservative
+        sys.stderr.write("svnrdump-sim.py: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
 
 def getrevlimit():
         var = 'SVNRMAX'
-        if os.environ.has_key(var):
+        if var in os.environ:
                 return os.environ[var]
         return None
 
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ def writedump(url, lower, upper):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
         if not (len(sys.argv) in (3, 4, 5)):
-                print "usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER"
+                print("usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER")
                 sys.exit(1)
         if not sys.argv[1] == 'dump': raise NotImplementedError('only "dump" is suppported.')
         url = sys.argv[2]
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
index fca1e17251..8f16d06972 100644
--- a/contrib/vim/README
+++ b/contrib/vim/README
@@ -17,16 +17,6 @@ To install:
 
   1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
   2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
-	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
-		\   setf gitsendemail |
-		\ endif
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
-		\   setf git |
-		\ endif
-	EOF
+
+	$ curl http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/filetype.vim |
+		sed -ne '/^" Git$/, /^$/ p' >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index 66021550c3..11a95fc8b5 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -153,36 +153,13 @@ static void check_safe_crlf(const char *path, enum crlf_action crlf_action,
 
 static int has_cr_in_index(const char *path)
 {
-	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
 	int has_cr;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
+	data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	if (!data)
 		return 0;
-	}
-
 	has_cr = memchr(data, '\r', sz) != NULL;
 	free(data);
 	return has_cr;
@@ -457,7 +434,7 @@ static struct convert_driver {
 
 static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
 
@@ -465,10 +442,8 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
 	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "filter", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	name = var + 7;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
 		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -479,8 +454,6 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
 	/*
 	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
 	 * the command line:
@@ -490,13 +463,13 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
 	 */
 
-	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("clean", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("required", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("required", key)) {
 		drv->required = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -862,7 +835,7 @@ int renormalize_buffer(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct str
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/convert.h b/convert.h
index ec5fd69430..0c2143c152 100644
--- a/convert.h
+++ b/convert.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static inline int would_convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src,
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/credential-store.c b/credential-store.c
index 26f7589a60..f9146e576f 100644
--- a/credential-store.c
+++ b/credential-store.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static int lookup_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
 	return c->username && c->password;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char * const usage[] = {
 		"git credential-store [options] <action>",
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	umask(077);
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
 	if (argc != 1)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	op = argv[0];
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
index 935327164b..0bfebb4e75 100644
--- a/ctype.c
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -11,18 +11,21 @@ enum {
 	D = GIT_DIGIT,
 	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
 	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
-	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC  /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
 };
 
-unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
 	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
 	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, P, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
 	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
 };
 
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index 4602b46a5c..34916c5e10 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
-#define NI_MAXSERV 32
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
 #define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
 #endif
@@ -604,7 +600,7 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 
 static int execute(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
+	char *line = packet_buffer;
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
 
@@ -612,7 +608,7 @@ static int execute(void)
 		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
-	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	pktlen = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL, packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer), 0);
 	alarm(0);
 
 	len = strlen(line);
@@ -764,7 +760,7 @@ static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
 		    ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
-	} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+	} else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
 
 		char *buf = addrbuf + 12;
@@ -1051,18 +1047,6 @@ static int service_loop(struct socketlist *socklist)
 	}
 }
 
-/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
-static void sanitize_stdfds(void)
-{
-	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
-	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
-		fd = dup(fd);
-	if (fd == -1)
-		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
-	if (fd > 2)
-		close(fd);
-}
-
 #ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 
 struct credentials;
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index 57331ed406..29f15404fe 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now,
 		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
 		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
 		 */
-		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+		if ((specified != -1) && (now + 10*24*3600 < specified))
 			return 0;
 		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
 		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
@@ -694,8 +694,14 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 
 	/* mktime uses local timezone */
 	*timestamp = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
-	if (*offset == -1)
-		*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
+	if (*offset == -1) {
+		time_t temp_time = mktime(&tm);
+		if ((time_t)*timestamp > temp_time) {
+			*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - temp_time) / 60;
+		} else {
+			*offset = -(int)((temp_time - (time_t)*timestamp) / 60);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (*timestamp == -1)
 		return -1;
@@ -705,6 +711,28 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 	return 0; /* success */
 }
 
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp)
+{
+	int errors = 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(date, "never") || !strcmp(date, "false"))
+		*timestamp = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(date, "all") || !strcmp(date, "now"))
+		/*
+		 * We take over "now" here, which usually translates
+		 * to the current timestamp.  This is because the user
+		 * really means to expire everything she has done in
+		 * the past, and by definition reflogs are the record
+		 * of the past, and there is nothing from the future
+		 * to be kept.
+		 */
+		*timestamp = ULONG_MAX;
+	else
+		*timestamp = approxidate_careful(date, &errors);
+
+	return errors;
+}
+
 int parse_date(const char *date, char *result, int maxlen)
 {
 	unsigned long timestamp;
diff --git a/decorate.c b/decorate.c
index 2f8a63e388..7cb5d29a89 100644
--- a/decorate.c
+++ b/decorate.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ static void grow_decoration(struct decoration *n)
 		const struct object *base = old_hash[i].base;
 		void *decoration = old_hash[i].decoration;
 
-		if (!base)
+		if (!decoration)
 			continue;
 		insert_decoration(n, base, decoration);
 	}
diff --git a/diff-delta.c b/diff-delta.c
index 93385e12ba..3797ce6041 100644
--- a/diff-delta.c
+++ b/diff-delta.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ struct delta_index * create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize)
 		entries = 0xfffffffeU / RABIN_WINDOW;
 	}
 	hsize = entries / 4;
-	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize; i++);
 	hsize = 1 << i;
 	hmask = hsize - 1;
 
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index f35de0ffa0..346cac651d 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ static int check_removed(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
  * commits, untracked content and/or modified content).
  */
 static int match_stat_with_submodule(struct diff_options *diffopt,
-				      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
-				      unsigned ce_option, unsigned *dirty_submodule)
+				     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     struct stat *st, unsigned ce_option,
+				     unsigned *dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int changed = ce_match_stat(ce, st, ce_option);
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
@@ -86,10 +87,12 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 {
 	int entries, i;
 	int diff_unmerged_stage = revs->max_count;
-	int silent_on_removed = option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
 	unsigned ce_option = ((option & DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED)
 			      ? CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY : 0);
 
+	if (option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED)
+		handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(&revs->diffopt);
+
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "i/", "w/");
 
 	if (diff_unmerged_stage < 0)
@@ -136,8 +139,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 					perror(ce->name);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (silent_on_removed)
-					continue;
 				wt_mode = 0;
 			}
 			dpath->mode = wt_mode;
@@ -203,8 +204,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 				perror(ce->name);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (silent_on_removed)
-				continue;
 			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
 				       ce->sha1, !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1),
 				       ce->name, 0);
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 /* A file entry went away or appeared */
 static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 const char *prefix,
-				 struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				 const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid,
 				 unsigned int mode,
 				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 		       sha1, sha1_valid, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
-static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int get_stat_data(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 const unsigned char **sha1p,
 			 unsigned int *modep,
 			 int cached, int match_missing,
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
 }
 
 static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
-			  struct cache_entry *new,
+			  const struct cache_entry *new,
 			  int cached, int match_missing)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -302,8 +301,8 @@ static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 }
 
 static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
-			 struct cache_entry *old,
-			 struct cache_entry *new,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 const struct cache_entry *new,
 			 int report_missing,
 			 int cached, int match_missing)
 {
@@ -362,8 +361,8 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
  * give you the position and number of entries in the index).
  */
 static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-	struct cache_entry *idx,
-	struct cache_entry *tree)
+			   const struct cache_entry *idx,
+			   const struct cache_entry *tree)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 	int match_missing, cached;
@@ -423,10 +422,11 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
  * the fairly complex unpack_trees() semantic requirements, including
  * the skipping, the path matching, the type conflict cases etc.
  */
-static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int oneway_diff(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 
 	/*
@@ -474,7 +474,6 @@ static int diff_cache(struct rev_info *revs,
 	opts.dst_index = NULL;
 	opts.pathspec = &revs->diffopt.pathspec;
 	opts.pathspec->recursive = 1;
-	opts.pathspec->max_depth = -1;
 
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	return unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
@@ -500,7 +499,7 @@ int do_diff_cache(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, struct diff_options *opt)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, opt->pathspec.raw);
+	copy_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, &opt->pathspec);
 	revs.diffopt = *opt;
 
 	if (diff_cache(&revs, tree_sha1, NULL, 1))
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 74da659368..00a8eefde9 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 
 	if (!path || !strcmp(path, "/dev/null"))
 		*mode = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
 		*mode = 0;
 #endif
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 {
 	int i, prefixlen;
 	int no_index = 0;
-	unsigned options = 0;
+	unsigned deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used = 0;
 	const char *paths[2];
 
 	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
@@ -215,9 +215,21 @@ void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		     path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i+1])))
 			return;
 	}
-	if (argc != i + 2)
+	if (argc != i + 2) {
+		if (!no_index) {
+			/*
+			 * There was no --no-index and there were not two
+			 * paths. It is possible that the user intended
+			 * to do an inside-repository operation.
+			 */
+			fprintf(stderr, "Not a git repository\n");
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"To compare two paths outside a working tree:\n");
+		}
+		/* Give the usage message for non-repository usage and exit. */
 		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
 		       no_index ? "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+	}
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc - 2; ) {
@@ -225,7 +237,7 @@ void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
 			i++;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
-			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+			deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used = 1;
 			i++;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
@@ -260,6 +272,9 @@ void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 	revs->max_count = -2;
 	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
+	if (deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used)
+		handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(&revs->diffopt);
+
 	setup_diff_pager(&revs->diffopt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 732d4c2275..a04a34d048 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ static int diff_no_prefix;
 static int diff_stat_graph_width;
 static int diff_dirstat_permille_default = 30;
 static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
+static long diff_algorithm;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -143,6 +144,21 @@ static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
 }
 
+long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return -1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "myers") || !strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+		return 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+		return XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "patience"))
+		return XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "histogram"))
+		return XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 /*
  * These are to give UI layer defaults.
  * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
@@ -196,6 +212,13 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.algorithm")) {
+		diff_algorithm = parse_algorithm_value(value);
+		if (diff_algorithm < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (git_color_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -402,12 +425,7 @@ static void emit_line_0(struct diff_options *o, const char *set, const char *res
 	int nofirst;
 	FILE *file = o->file;
 
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		assert(msg);
-		fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, file);
-	}
+	fputs(diff_line_prefix(o), file);
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
@@ -625,13 +643,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	char *data_one, *data_two;
 	size_t size_one, size_two;
 	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
@@ -657,7 +669,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
 	ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 	ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 	ecbdata.opt = o;
 	if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
 		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
@@ -827,18 +839,14 @@ static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
 			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
 		return;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
 	if (minus_len) {
@@ -962,14 +970,10 @@ static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
 
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* special case: only removal */
 	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
@@ -1105,6 +1109,16 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix)
 	return "";
 }
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	if (!opt->output_prefix)
+		return "";
+
+	msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+	return msgbuf->buf;
+}
+
 static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
@@ -1145,13 +1159,7 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 	struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (ecbdata->header) {
 		fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
@@ -1256,6 +1264,7 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	const char *new = b;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int pfx_adjust_for_slash;
 	int len_a = strlen(a);
 	int len_b = strlen(b);
 	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
@@ -1282,7 +1291,18 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	old = a + len_a;
 	new = b + len_b;
 	sfx_length = 0;
-	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+	/*
+	 * If there is a common prefix, it must end in a slash.  In
+	 * that case we let this loop run 1 into the prefix to see the
+	 * same slash.
+	 *
+	 * If there is no common prefix, we cannot do this as it would
+	 * underrun the input strings.
+	 */
+	pfx_adjust_for_slash = (pfx_length ? 1 : 0);
+	while (a + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= old &&
+	       b + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= new &&
+	       *old == *new) {
 		if (*old == '/')
 			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
 		old--;
@@ -1475,16 +1495,11 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	const char *reset, *add_c, *del_c;
 	const char *line_prefix = "";
 	int extra_shown = 0;
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 
 	if (data->nr == 0)
 		return;
 
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options, options->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
-
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(options);
 	count = options->stat_count ? options->stat_count : data->nr;
 
 	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
@@ -1550,7 +1565,7 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	 * Binary files are displayed with "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes"
 	 * instead of the change count and graph. This part is treated
 	 * similarly to the graph part, except that it is not
-	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accomodate the
+	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accommodate the
 	 * guaranteed minimum width of the filename part and the
 	 * separators and this message, this message will "overflow"
 	 * making the line longer than the maximum width.
@@ -1668,9 +1683,7 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 		del = deleted;
 
 		if (graph_width <= max_change) {
-			int total = add + del;
-
-			total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
+			int total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
 			if (total < 2 && add && del)
 				/* width >= 2 due to the sanity check */
 				total = 2;
@@ -1736,12 +1749,7 @@ static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *option
 			dels += deleted;
 		}
 	}
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-				options->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
+	fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
@@ -1755,12 +1763,7 @@ static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 
-		if (options->output_prefix) {
-			struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-			msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-		}
+		fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 
 		if (file->is_binary)
 			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
@@ -1802,13 +1805,7 @@ static long gather_dirstat(struct diff_options *opt, struct dirstat_dir *dir,
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
-	const char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	while (dir->nr) {
 		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
@@ -2058,15 +2055,10 @@ static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	char *err;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(data->o);
-	if (data->o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = data->o->output_prefix(data->o,
-			data->o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(data->o);
 
 	if (line[0] == '+') {
 		unsigned bad;
@@ -2123,7 +2115,8 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	return deflated;
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+				  const char *prefix)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -2184,7 +2177,8 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char
 	free(data);
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			     const char *prefix)
 {
 	fprintf(file, "%sGIT binary patch\n", prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two, prefix);
@@ -2251,20 +2245,15 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 			(!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
+				line_prefix,
 				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
 				meta, del, add, reset);
 		return;
@@ -2383,7 +2372,7 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
 		ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 		if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
 			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
 		ecbdata.opt = o;
@@ -2595,7 +2584,7 @@ void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
  */
 static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int want_file)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct stat st;
 	int pos, len;
 
@@ -2686,6 +2675,14 @@ static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 {
 	int err = 0;
+	/*
+	 * demote FAIL to WARN to allow inspecting the situation
+	 * instead of refusing.
+	 */
+	enum safe_crlf crlf_warn = (safe_crlf == SAFE_CRLF_FAIL
+				    ? SAFE_CRLF_WARN
+				    : safe_crlf);
+
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(s))
 		die("internal error: asking to populate invalid file.");
 	if (S_ISDIR(s->mode))
@@ -2741,7 +2738,7 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		/*
 		 * Convert from working tree format to canonical git format
 		 */
-		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, crlf_warn)) {
 			size_t size = 0;
 			munmap(s->data, s->size);
 			s->should_munmap = 0;
@@ -2956,14 +2953,9 @@ static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
 {
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
 	switch (p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
@@ -3213,6 +3205,7 @@ void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
 	options->use_color = diff_use_color_default;
 	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+	options->xdl_opts |= diff_algorithm;
 
 	if (diff_no_prefix) {
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
@@ -3510,6 +3503,93 @@ static int parse_submodule_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static const char diff_status_letters[] = {
+	DIFF_STATUS_ADDED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_COPIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_DELETED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN,
+	'\0',
+};
+
+static unsigned int filter_bit['Z' + 1];
+
+static void prepare_filter_bits(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_ADDED]) {
+		for (i = 0; diff_status_letters[i]; i++)
+			filter_bit[(int) diff_status_letters[i]] = (1 << i);
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned filter_bit_tst(char status, const struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	return opt->filter & filter_bit[(int) status];
+}
+
+static int parse_diff_filter_opt(const char *optarg, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, optch;
+
+	prepare_filter_bits();
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a negation e.g. 'd' in the input, and we haven't
+	 * initialized the filter field with another --diff-filter, start
+	 * from full set of bits, except for AON.
+	 */
+	if (!opt->filter) {
+		for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+			if (optch < 'a' || 'z' < optch)
+				continue;
+			opt->filter = (1 << (ARRAY_SIZE(diff_status_letters) - 1)) - 1;
+			opt->filter &= ~filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+		unsigned int bit;
+		int negate;
+
+		if ('a' <= optch && optch <= 'z') {
+			negate = 1;
+			optch = toupper(optch);
+		} else {
+			negate = 0;
+		}
+
+		bit = (0 <= optch && optch <= 'Z') ? filter_bit[optch] : 0;
+		if (!bit)
+			return optarg[i];
+		if (negate)
+			opt->filter &= ~bit;
+		else
+			opt->filter |= bit;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Used only by "diff-files" and "diff --no-index" */
+void handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	warning("'diff -q' and 'diff-files -q' are deprecated.");
+	warning("Use 'diff --diff-filter=d' instead to ignore deleted filepairs.");
+	parse_diff_filter_opt("d", opt);
+}
+
+static void enable_patch_output(int *fmt) {
+	*fmt &= ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	*fmt |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+}
+
 int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
@@ -3517,15 +3597,15 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	int argcount;
 
 	/* Output format options */
-	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch")
+	    || opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--raw"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--shortstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT;
@@ -3547,13 +3627,14 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-status"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s") || !strcmp(arg, "--no-patch"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat"))
 		/* --stat, --stat-width, --stat-name-width, or --stat-count */
@@ -3606,14 +3687,27 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-at-eol"))
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-blank-lines"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_BLANK_LINES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patience"))
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--histogram"))
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-algorithm", av, &optarg))) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(optarg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return error("option diff-algorithm accepts \"myers\", "
+				     "\"minimal\", \"patience\" and \"histogram\"");
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		options->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		options->xdl_opts |= value;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 
 	/* flags options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, BINARY);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-index"))
@@ -3626,6 +3720,8 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-follow"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
 		options->use_color = 1;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color=")) {
@@ -3718,7 +3814,10 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-filter", av, &optarg))) {
-		options->filter = optarg;
+		int offending = parse_diff_filter_opt(optarg, options);
+		if (offending)
+			die("unknown change class '%c' in --diff-filter=%s",
+			    offending, optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
@@ -3898,12 +3997,8 @@ static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(opt->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
 
+	fprintf(opt->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(opt));
 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
 		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
@@ -4173,12 +4268,7 @@ static void show_rename_copy(FILE *file, const char *renamecopy, struct diff_fil
 static void diff_summary(struct diff_options *opt, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	FILE *file = opt->file;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *buf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = buf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
@@ -4459,7 +4549,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 	    DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS)) {
 		/*
 		 * run diff_flush_patch for the exit status. setting
-		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, becaue we
+		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, because we
 		 * aren't supposed to produce any output anyway.
 		 */
 		if (options->close_file)
@@ -4479,13 +4569,9 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 
 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 		if (separator) {
-			if (options->output_prefix) {
-				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-				msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
-			}
-			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%c",
+				diff_line_prefix(options),
+				options->line_termination);
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
 				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
@@ -4523,27 +4609,32 @@ free_queue:
 	}
 }
 
-static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
+static int match_filter(const struct diff_options *options, const struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	return (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 ((p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN, options)) ||
+		  (!p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED, options)))) ||
+		((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 filter_bit_tst(p->status, options)));
+}
+
+static void diffcore_apply_filter(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
 	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
 
-	if (!filter)
+	if (!options->filter)
 		return;
 
-	if (strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON)) {
+	if (filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON, options)) {
 		int found;
 		for (i = found = 0; !found && i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, q->queue[i]))
 				found++;
 		}
 		if (found)
@@ -4561,14 +4652,7 @@ static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
 		/* Only the matching ones */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, p))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -4675,7 +4759,7 @@ void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 	if (!options->found_follow)
 		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
 		diff_resolve_rename_copy();
-	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
+	diffcore_apply_filter(options);
 
 	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
@@ -4689,7 +4773,7 @@ int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
 {
 	int result = 0;
 
-	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renamelimit",
+	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renameLimit",
 			       opt->needed_rename_limit,
 			       opt->degraded_cc_to_c);
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index a47bae48d5..44092c2176 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #define DIFF_H
 
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct rev_info;
 struct diff_options;
@@ -103,12 +104,15 @@ enum diff_words_type {
 };
 
 struct diff_options {
-	const char *filter;
 	const char *orderfile;
 	const char *pickaxe;
 	const char *single_follow;
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	unsigned flags;
+
+	/* diff-filter bits */
+	unsigned int filter;
+
 	int use_color;
 	int context;
 	int interhunkcontext;
@@ -174,10 +178,11 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix);
 	diff_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *);
+
+
 extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
 
-extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
-extern void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *);
 extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
 		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
@@ -333,6 +338,10 @@ extern struct userdiff_driver *get_textconv(struct diff_filespec *one);
 
 extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
 
+extern long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value);
+
+extern void handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(struct diff_options *);
+
 extern int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files,
 			      int insertions, int deletions);
 extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
index 44f8678d22..1d9e530a84 100644
--- a/diffcore-break.c
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ static int should_break(struct diff_filespec *src,
 	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
 		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
 
+	if (!src->size)
+		return 0; /* we do not let empty files get renamed */
+
 	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
 				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
 				   0,
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index b097fa7661..401eb72c61 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "kwset.h"
 
-typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn);
 
 static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
 		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
 		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				return; /* do not munge the queue */
 		}
 
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@ static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
 		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -74,64 +79,33 @@ static void diffgrep_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	line[len] = hold;
 }
 
-static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
-		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
-{
-	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
-		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
-		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
-	} else {
-		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
-	}
-}
-
-static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int diff_grep(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		     struct diff_options *o,
 		     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	regmatch_t regmatch;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
-	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
-	int hit;
+	struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
-		return 0;
+	if (!one)
+		return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return !regexec(regexp, one->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
 
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
-
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
-		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, mf1.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
-		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
-		 */
-		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
-		xpparam_t xpp;
-		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-
-		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
-		ecbdata.hit = 0;
-		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
-		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
-		hit = ecbdata.hit;
-	}
-	if (textconv_one)
-		free(mf1.ptr);
-	if (textconv_two)
-		free(mf2.ptr);
-	return hit;
+	/*
+	 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+	 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+	ecbdata.hit = 0;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+	xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
 
 static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
@@ -148,7 +122,7 @@ static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
 		char errbuf[1024];
 		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 		regfree(&regex);
-		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
+		die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 	}
 
 	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, &regex, NULL, diff_grep);
@@ -157,8 +131,7 @@ static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
 	return;
 }
 
-static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_options *o,
-			     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
+static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	unsigned int cnt;
 	unsigned long sz;
@@ -198,17 +171,35 @@ static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_options *o,
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int has_changes(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		       struct diff_options *o,
 		       regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
+	unsigned int one_contains = one ? contains(one, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	unsigned int two_contains = two ? contains(two, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	return one_contains != two_contains;
+}
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
 		return 0;
 
+	/* ignore unmerged */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we have an unmodified pair, we know that the count will be the
 	 * same and don't even have to load the blobs. Unless textconv is in
@@ -219,20 +210,12 @@ static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
 	if (textconv_one == textconv_two && diff_unmodified_pair(p))
 		return 0;
 
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
+	mf1.size = fill_textconv(textconv_one, p->one, &mf1.ptr);
+	mf2.size = fill_textconv(textconv_two, p->two, &mf2.ptr);
 
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			ret = 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created */
-		ret = contains(&mf2, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	}
-	else if (!mf2.ptr) /* removed */
-		ret = contains(&mf1, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	else
-		ret = contains(&mf1, o, regexp, kws) !=
-		      contains(&mf2, o, regexp, kws);
+	ret = fn(DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) ? &mf1 : NULL,
+		 DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ? &mf2 : NULL,
+		 o, regexp, kws);
 
 	if (textconv_one)
 		free(mf1.ptr);
@@ -260,7 +243,7 @@ static void diffcore_pickaxe_count(struct diff_options *o)
 			char errbuf[1024];
 			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 			regfree(&regex);
-			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+			die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 		}
 		regexp = &regex;
 	} else {
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index 512d0ac5fd..6c7a72fbe7 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@ static int find_exact_renames(struct diff_options *options)
 	struct hash_table file_table;
 
 	init_hash(&file_table);
+	preallocate_hash(&file_table, rename_src_nr + rename_dst_nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
 		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 5a83aa7897..b439ff0e63 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2,19 +2,37 @@
  * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
  * files, index knowledge etc..
  *
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+ *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+/*
+ * Tells read_directory_recursive how a file or directory should be treated.
+ * Values are ordered by significance, e.g. if a directory contains both
+ * excluded and untracked files, it is listed as untracked because
+ * path_untracked > path_excluded.
+ */
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_none = 0,
+	path_recurse,
+	path_excluded,
+	path_untracked
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *path, int len,
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
@@ -34,25 +52,97 @@ int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
 	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
 }
 
-static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
+inline int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix)
 {
-	const char *n, *first;
+	if (prefix > 0) {
+		if (ps_strncmp(item, pattern, string, prefix))
+			return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		string += prefix;
+	}
+	if (item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR) {
+		int pattern_len = strlen(++pattern);
+		int string_len = strlen(string);
+		return string_len < pattern_len ||
+			ps_strcmp(item, pattern,
+				  string + string_len - pattern_len);
+	}
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB)
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 WM_PATHNAME |
+				 (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0),
+				 NULL);
+	else
+		/* wildmatch has not learned no FNM_PATHNAME mode yet */
+		return fnmatch(pattern, string,
+			       item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0);
+}
+
+static int fnmatch_icase_mem(const char *pattern, int patternlen,
+			     const char *string, int stringlen,
+			     int flags)
+{
+	int match_status;
+	struct strbuf pat_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf str_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *use_pat = pattern;
+	const char *use_str = string;
+
+	if (pattern[patternlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&pat_buf, pattern, patternlen);
+		use_pat = pat_buf.buf;
+	}
+	if (string[stringlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&str_buf, string, stringlen);
+		use_str = str_buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+	match_status = wildmatch(use_pat, use_str, flags, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&pat_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str_buf);
+
+	return match_status;
+}
+
+static size_t common_prefix_len(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int n;
 	size_t max = 0;
 
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return max;
-
-	first = *pathspec;
-	while ((n = *pathspec++)) {
-		size_t i, len = 0;
-		for (i = 0; first == n || i < max; i++) {
-			char c = n[i];
-			if (!c || c != first[i] || is_glob_special(c))
+	/*
+	 * ":(icase)path" is treated as a pathspec full of
+	 * wildcard. In other words, only prefix is considered common
+	 * prefix. If the pathspec is abc/foo abc/bar, running in
+	 * subdir xyz, the common prefix is still xyz, not xuz/abc as
+	 * in non-:(icase).
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
+	for (n = 0; n < pathspec->nr; n++) {
+		size_t i = 0, len = 0, item_len;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].prefix;
+		else
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].nowildcard_len;
+		while (i < item_len && (n == 0 || i < max)) {
+			char c = pathspec->items[n].match[i];
+			if (c != pathspec->items[0].match[i])
 				break;
 			if (c == '/')
 				len = i + 1;
+			i++;
 		}
-		if (first == n || len < max) {
+		if (n == 0 || len < max) {
 			max = len;
 			if (!max)
 				break;
@@ -65,14 +155,14 @@ static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
  * Returns a copy of the longest leading path common among all
  * pathspecs.
  */
-char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
+char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	unsigned long len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
-	return len ? xmemdupz(*pathspec, len) : NULL;
+	return len ? xmemdupz(pathspec->items[0].match, len) : NULL;
 }
 
-int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
+int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	size_t len;
 
@@ -83,7 +173,7 @@ int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
 	len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
 	/* Read the directory and prune it */
-	read_directory(dir, pathspec ? *pathspec : "", len, pathspec);
+	read_directory(dir, pathspec->nr ? pathspec->_raw[0] : "", len, pathspec);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -114,103 +204,6 @@ int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen,
  *
  * It returns 0 when there is no match.
  */
-static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
-{
-	int matchlen;
-
-	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
-	if (!*match)
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-
-	if (ignore_case) {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
-			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = *match;
-			unsigned char c2 = *name;
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-	/*
-	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
-	 * we need to match by fnmatch
-	 */
-	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
-		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
-
-	if (namelen == matchlen)
-		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
-	if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
- */
-int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
-		int prefix, char *seen)
-{
-	int i, retval = 0;
-
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return 1;
-
-	name += prefix;
-	namelen -= prefix;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] != NULL; i++) {
-		int how;
-		const char *match = pathspec[i] + prefix;
-		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
-			continue;
-		how = match_one(match, name, namelen);
-		if (how) {
-			if (retval < how)
-				retval = how;
-			if (seen && seen[i] < how)
-				seen[i] = how;
-		}
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-/*
- * Does 'match' match the given name?
- * A match is found if
- *
- * (1) the 'match' string is leading directory of 'name', or
- * (2) the 'match' string is a wildcard and matches 'name', or
- * (3) the 'match' string is exactly the same as 'name'.
- *
- * and the return value tells which case it was.
- *
- * It returns 0 when there is no match.
- */
 static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
 			       const char *name, int namelen)
 {
@@ -218,11 +211,44 @@ static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
 	const char *match = item->match + prefix;
 	int matchlen = item->len - prefix;
 
+	/*
+	 * The normal call pattern is:
+	 * 1. prefix = common_prefix_len(ps);
+	 * 2. prune something, or fill_directory
+	 * 3. match_pathspec_depth()
+	 *
+	 * 'prefix' at #1 may be shorter than the command's prefix and
+	 * it's ok for #2 to match extra files. Those extras will be
+	 * trimmed at #3.
+	 *
+	 * Suppose the pathspec is 'foo' and '../bar' running from
+	 * subdir 'xyz'. The common prefix at #1 will be empty, thanks
+	 * to "../". We may have xyz/foo _and_ XYZ/foo after #2. The
+	 * user does not want XYZ/foo, only the "foo" part should be
+	 * case-insensitive. We need to filter out XYZ/foo here. In
+	 * other words, we do not trust the caller on comparing the
+	 * prefix part when :(icase) is involved. We do exact
+	 * comparison ourselves.
+	 *
+	 * Normally the caller (common_prefix_len() in fact) does
+	 * _exact_ matching on name[-prefix+1..-1] and we do not need
+	 * to check that part. Be defensive and check it anyway, in
+	 * case common_prefix_len is changed, or a new caller is
+	 * introduced that does not use common_prefix_len.
+	 *
+	 * If the penalty turns out too high when prefix is really
+	 * long, maybe change it to
+	 * strncmp(match, name, item->prefix - prefix)
+	 */
+	if (item->prefix && (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) &&
+	    strncmp(item->match, name - prefix, item->prefix))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
 	if (!*match)
 		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
-	if (matchlen <= namelen && !strncmp(match, name, matchlen)) {
+	if (matchlen <= namelen && !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, matchlen)) {
 		if (matchlen == namelen)
 			return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
@@ -230,19 +256,28 @@ static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 	}
 
-	if (item->use_wildcard && !fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+	if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+	    !git_fnmatch(item, match, name,
+			 item->nowildcard_len - prefix))
 		return MATCHED_FNMATCH;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
 int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 			 const char *name, int namelen,
@@ -250,8 +285,17 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 {
 	int i, retval = 0;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
 		if (within_depth(name, namelen, 0, ps->max_depth))
@@ -268,7 +312,9 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
 			continue;
 		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name, namelen);
-		if (ps->recursive && ps->max_depth != -1 &&
+		if (ps->recursive &&
+		    (ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) &&
+		    ps->max_depth != -1 &&
 		    how && how != MATCHED_FNMATCH) {
 			int len = ps->items[i].len;
 			if (name[len] == '/')
@@ -291,7 +337,7 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 /*
  * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
  */
-static int simple_length(const char *match)
+int simple_length(const char *match)
 {
 	int len = -1;
 
@@ -303,7 +349,7 @@ static int simple_length(const char *match)
 	}
 }
 
-static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+int no_wildcard(const char *string)
 {
 	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
 }
@@ -347,7 +393,7 @@ void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 }
 
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos)
 {
 	struct exclude *x;
 	int patternlen;
@@ -371,8 +417,10 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
-	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
-	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+	x->srcpos = srcpos;
+	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
+	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
+	x->el = el;
 }
 
 static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
@@ -381,15 +429,14 @@ static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
 	unsigned long sz;
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	if (!ce_skip_worktree(istate->cache[pos]))
+	if (!ce_skip_worktree(active_cache[pos]))
 		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	data = read_sha1_file(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(data);
 		return NULL;
@@ -398,27 +445,32 @@ static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
 	return data;
 }
 
-void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within el which was allocated for exclude patterns and
+ * the file buffer.  Does not free el itself.
+ */
+void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
 		free(el->excludes[i]);
 	free(el->excludes);
+	free(el->filebuf);
 
 	el->nr = 0;
 	el->excludes = NULL;
+	el->filebuf = NULL;
 }
 
 int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 				   const char *base,
 				   int baselen,
-				   char **buf_p,
-				   struct exclude_list *which,
+				   struct exclude_list *el,
 				   int check_index)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	int fd, i;
+	int fd, i, lineno = 1;
 	size_t size = 0;
 	char *buf, *entry;
 
@@ -456,80 +508,44 @@ int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	if (buf_p)
-		*buf_p = buf;
+	el->filebuf = buf;
 	entry = buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
 			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
 				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
-				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, el, lineno);
 			}
+			lineno++;
 			entry = buf + i + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
+struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      int group_type, const char *src)
 {
-	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
-					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
-		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[group_type];
+	ALLOC_GROW(group->el, group->nr + 1, group->alloc);
+	el = &group->el[group->nr++];
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
+	el->src = src;
+	return el;
 }
 
-static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
+/*
+ * Used to set up core.excludesfile and .git/info/exclude lists.
+ */
+void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
 {
 	struct exclude_list *el;
-	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
-	int current;
-
-	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
-	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
-		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
-
-	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
-	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
-	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
-		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
-		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
-			break;
-		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
-		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
-			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
-		free(stk->filebuf);
-		free(stk);
-	}
-
-	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
-	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
-	while (current < baselen) {
-		struct exclude_stack *stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
-		const char *cp;
-
-		if (current < 0) {
-			cp = base;
-			current = 0;
-		}
-		else {
-			cp = strchr(base + current + 1, '/');
-			if (!cp)
-				die("oops in prep_exclude");
-			cp++;
-		}
-		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
-		stk->baselen = cp - base;
-		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
-		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
-		       stk->baselen - current);
-		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
-		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
-					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
-					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
-		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
-		current = stk->baselen;
-	}
-	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
+	el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_FILE, fname);
+	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, el, 0) < 0)
+		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
 int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
@@ -537,15 +553,20 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 		   int flags)
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
-		if (!strcmp_icase(pattern, basename))
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strcmp_icase(pattern + 1,
-				  basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1))
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
 	} else {
-		if (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0)
+		if (fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				      basename, basenamelen,
+				      0) == 0)
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -565,6 +586,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 */
 	if (*pattern == '/') {
 		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
 		prefix--;
 	}
 
@@ -591,29 +613,44 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
 			return 0;
 		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
 		name    += prefix;
 		namelen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !namelen)
+			return 1;
 	}
 
-	return fnmatch_icase(pattern, name, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+	return fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				 name, namelen,
+				 WM_PATHNAME) == 0;
 }
 
-/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
- * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+/*
+ * Scan the given exclude list in reverse to see whether pathname
+ * should be ignored.  The first match (i.e. the last on the list), if
+ * any, determines the fate.  Returns the exclude_list element which
+ * matched, or NULL for undecided.
  */
-int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
-		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
-		       struct exclude_list *el)
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
+						       int pathlen,
+						       const char *basename,
+						       int *dtype,
+						       struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	if (!el->nr)
-		return -1;	/* undefined */
+		return NULL;	/* undefined */
 
 	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
 		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
 		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
-		int to_exclude = x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
 
 		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
@@ -628,7 +665,7 @@ int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
 					   pathlen - (basename - pathname),
 					   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen,
 					   x->flags))
-				return to_exclude;
+				return x;
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -636,87 +673,178 @@ int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
 		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
 				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
 				   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen, x->flags))
-			return to_exclude;
+			return x;
 	}
-	return -1; /* undecided */
+	return NULL; /* undecided */
 }
 
-static int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
-{
-	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-	int st;
-	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
-	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
-
-	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
-	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
-		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
-					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
-		case 0:
-			return 0;
-		case 1:
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void path_exclude_check_init(struct path_exclude_check *check,
-			     struct dir_struct *dir)
+/*
+ * Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+			  int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+			  struct exclude_list *el)
 {
-	check->dir = dir;
-	strbuf_init(&check->path, 256);
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return -1; /* undecided */
 }
 
-void path_exclude_check_clear(struct path_exclude_check *check)
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_lists(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+		int *dtype_p)
 {
-	strbuf_release(&check->path);
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
+				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
+				&group->el[j]);
+			if (exclude)
+				return exclude;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 /*
- * Is this name excluded?  This is for a caller like show_files() that
- * do not honor directory hierarchy and iterate through paths that are
- * possibly in an ignored directory.
- *
- * A path to a directory known to be excluded is left in check->path to
- * optimize for repeated checks for files in the same excluded directory.
+ * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
+ * which has a char length of baselen.
  */
-int path_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *check,
-		  const char *name, int namelen, int *dtype)
+static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
-	int i;
-	struct strbuf *path = &check->path;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
+	int current;
 
-	/*
-	 * we allow the caller to pass namelen as an optimization; it
-	 * must match the length of the name, as we eventually call
-	 * excluded() on the whole name string.
-	 */
-	if (namelen < 0)
-		namelen = strlen(name);
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_DIRS];
 
-	if (path->len &&
-	    path->len <= namelen &&
-	    !memcmp(name, path->buf, path->len) &&
-	    (!name[path->len] || name[path->len] == '/'))
-		return 1;
+	/* Pop the exclude lists from the EXCL_DIRS exclude_list_group
+	 * which originate from directories not in the prefix of the
+	 * path being checked. */
+	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
+		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
+		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
+			break;
+		el = &group->el[dir->exclude_stack->exclude_ix];
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
+		dir->exclude = NULL;
+		free((char *)el->src); /* see strdup() below */
+		clear_exclude_list(el);
+		free(stk);
+		group->nr--;
+	}
 
-	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
-	for (i = 0; name[i]; i++) {
-		int ch = name[i];
+	/* Skip traversing into sub directories if the parent is excluded */
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return;
 
-		if (ch == '/') {
+	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
+	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
+	while (current < baselen) {
+		struct exclude_stack *stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
+		const char *cp;
+
+		if (current < 0) {
+			cp = base;
+			current = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+			cp = strchr(base + current + 1, '/');
+			if (!cp)
+				die("oops in prep_exclude");
+			cp++;
+		}
+		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
+		stk->baselen = cp - base;
+		stk->exclude_ix = group->nr;
+		el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_DIRS, NULL);
+		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
+		       stk->baselen - current);
+
+		/* Abort if the directory is excluded */
+		if (stk->baselen) {
 			int dt = DT_DIR;
-			if (excluded(check->dir, path->buf, &dt))
-				return 1;
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = 0;
+			dir->exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir,
+				dir->basebuf, stk->baselen - 1,
+				dir->basebuf + current, &dt);
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = '/';
+			if (dir->exclude &&
+			    dir->exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
+				dir->exclude = NULL;
+			if (dir->exclude) {
+				dir->basebuf[stk->baselen] = 0;
+				dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+				return;
+			}
 		}
-		strbuf_addch(path, ch);
+
+		/* Try to read per-directory file unless path is too long */
+		if (dir->exclude_per_dir &&
+		    stk->baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) < PATH_MAX) {
+			strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen,
+					dir->exclude_per_dir);
+			/*
+			 * dir->basebuf gets reused by the traversal, but we
+			 * need fname to remain unchanged to ensure the src
+			 * member of each struct exclude correctly
+			 * back-references its source file.  Other invocations
+			 * of add_exclude_list provide stable strings, so we
+			 * strdup() and free() here in the caller.
+			 */
+			el->src = strdup(dir->basebuf);
+			add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
+					dir->basebuf, stk->baselen, el, 1);
+		}
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+		current = stk->baselen;
 	}
+	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
+}
 
-	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
-	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns the exclude_list element which matched, or NULL for
+ * undecided.
+ */
+struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *pathname,
+					     int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
+	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
+	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
+
+	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
 
-	return excluded(check->dir, name, dtype);
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return dir->exclude;
+
+	return last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir, pathname, pathlen,
+			basename, dtype_p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
+ */
+int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude =
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
@@ -755,13 +883,13 @@ enum exist_status {
 };
 
 /*
- * Do not use the alphabetically stored index to look up
+ * Do not use the alphabetically sorted index to look up
  * the directory name; instead, use the case insensitive
  * name hash.
  */
 static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index_icase(const char *dirname, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce = index_name_exists(&the_index, dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
+	const struct cache_entry *ce = cache_name_exists(dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
 	unsigned char endchar;
 
 	if (!ce)
@@ -805,7 +933,7 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 		unsigned char endchar;
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, dirname, len))
@@ -847,32 +975,24 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
  *
  *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
  *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
- *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
- *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *      also true, in which case we need to check if it contains any
+ *      untracked and / or ignored files.
  *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
  *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
  *      as a directory.
  *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
  */
-enum directory_treatment {
-	show_directory,
-	ignore_directory,
-	recurse_into_directory
-};
-
-static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
-	const char *dirname, int len,
+static enum path_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
 	case index_directory:
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 
 	case index_gitdir:
-		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
-			return ignore_directory;
-		return show_directory;
+		return path_none;
 
 	case index_nonexistent:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -880,17 +1000,17 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-				return show_directory;
+				return path_untracked;
 		}
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 	}
 
 	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
-		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
-		return ignore_directory;
-	return show_directory;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+
+	return read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -949,7 +1069,7 @@ static int exclude_matches_pathspec(const char *path, int len,
 static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
 {
 	int pos;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
 	if (ce) {
@@ -1005,65 +1125,77 @@ static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len)
 	return dtype;
 }
 
-enum path_treatment {
-	path_ignored,
-	path_handled,
-	path_recurse
-};
-
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  struct strbuf *path,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
-	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
-	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);
-
-	/*
-	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
-	 * ignored files, ignore it
-	 */
-	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		return path_ignored;
+	int exclude;
+	int has_path_in_index = !!cache_name_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
 
 	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
 		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
 
+	/* Always exclude indexed files */
+	if (dtype != DT_DIR && has_path_in_index)
+		return path_none;
+
 	/*
-	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
-	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
-	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
-	 * directory may contain files that we do..
+	 * When we are looking at a directory P in the working tree,
+	 * there are three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) P exists in the index.  Everything inside the directory P in
+	 * the working tree needs to go when P is checked out from the
+	 * index.
+	 *
+	 * (2) P does not exist in the index, but there is P/Q in the index.
+	 * We know P will stay a directory when we check out the contents
+	 * of the index, but we do not know yet if there is a directory
+	 * P/Q in the working tree to be killed, so we need to recurse.
+	 *
+	 * (3) P does not exist in the index, and there is no P/Q in the index
+	 * to require P to be a directory, either.  Only in this case, we
+	 * know that everything inside P will not be killed without
+	 * recursing.
 	 */
-	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
-		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
-			return path_ignored;
+	if ((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY) &&
+	    (dtype == DT_DIR) &&
+	    !has_path_in_index) {
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: directory_exists_in_index_icase()
+		 * assumes that one byte past the given path is
+		 * readable and has '/', which needs to be fixed, but
+		 * until then, work it around in the caller.
+		 */
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		if (directory_exists_in_index(path->buf, path->len - 1) ==
+		    index_nonexistent) {
+			strbuf_setlen(path, path->len - 1);
+			return path_none;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(path, path->len - 1);
 	}
 
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
+
+	/*
+	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
+	 * ignored files, ignore it
+	 */
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED|DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO)))
+		return path_excluded;
+
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	case DT_DIR:
 		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
-		switch (treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, simplify)) {
-		case show_directory:
-			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
-					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-				return path_ignored;
-			break;
-		case recurse_into_directory:
-			return path_recurse;
-		case ignore_directory:
-			return path_ignored;
-		}
-		break;
+		return treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, exclude,
+			simplify);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		break;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
 	}
-	return path_handled;
 }
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
@@ -1075,11 +1207,11 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	int dtype;
 
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
 	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
 	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
@@ -1093,14 +1225,16 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
  *
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
+ *
+ * Returns the most significant path_treatment value encountered in the scan.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				    const char *base, int baselen,
 				    int check_only,
 				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	DIR *fdir;
-	int contents = 0;
+	enum path_treatment state, subdir_state, dir_state = path_none;
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -1111,27 +1245,53 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		goto out;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
-		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
-							     path.len, 0,
-							     simplify);
-			continue;
-		case path_ignored:
+		/* check how the file or directory should be treated */
+		state = treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify);
+		if (state > dir_state)
+			dir_state = state;
+
+		/* recurse into subdir if instructed by treat_path */
+		if (state == path_recurse) {
+			subdir_state = read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
+				path.len, check_only, simplify);
+			if (subdir_state > dir_state)
+				dir_state = subdir_state;
+		}
+
+		if (check_only) {
+			/* abort early if maximum state has been reached */
+			if (dir_state == path_untracked)
+				break;
+			/* skip the dir_add_* part */
 			continue;
-		case path_handled:
-			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
-		if (check_only)
+
+		/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
+		switch (state) {
+		case path_excluded:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||
+				((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+				exclude_matches_pathspec(path.buf, path.len,
+					simplify)))
+				dir_add_ignored(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		case path_untracked:
+			if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		default:
 			break;
-		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+		}
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
 	strbuf_release(&path);
 
-	return contents;
+	return dir_state;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -1180,12 +1340,14 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int baselen, rc = 0;
 	const char *cp;
+	int old_flags = dir->flags;
 
 	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
 	baselen = 0;
+	dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
 		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
@@ -1200,7 +1362,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
 		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_none)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
 			rc = 1;
@@ -1208,17 +1370,29 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	dir->flags = old_flags;
 	return rc;
 }
 
-int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec)
+int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	struct path_simplify *simplify;
 
+	/*
+	 * Check out create_simplify()
+	 */
+	if (pathspec)
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
 		return dir->nr;
 
-	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
+	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec ? pathspec->_raw : NULL);
 	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
 		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
 	free_simplify(simplify);
@@ -1373,9 +1547,9 @@ void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir)
 		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_path, "ignore");
 		excludes_file = xdg_path;
 	}
-	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK))
+	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
-	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK))
+	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
 }
 
@@ -1383,7 +1557,7 @@ int remove_path(const char *name)
 {
 	char *slash;
 
-	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 		return -1;
 
 	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
@@ -1398,50 +1572,32 @@ int remove_path(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
-{
-	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
-
-	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
-	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
-	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
-}
-
-int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec, const char **paths)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
+ * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ */
+void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
-	const char **p = paths;
-	int i;
-
-	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
-	if (!p)
-		return 0;
-	while (*p)
-		p++;
-	pathspec->raw = paths;
-	pathspec->nr = p - paths;
-	if (!pathspec->nr)
-		return 0;
-
-	pathspec->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item)*pathspec->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
-		struct pathspec_item *item = pathspec->items+i;
-		const char *path = paths[i];
-
-		item->match = path;
-		item->len = strlen(path);
-		item->use_wildcard = !no_wildcard(path);
-		if (item->use_wildcard)
-			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk;
+
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < group->nr; j++) {
+			el = &group->el[j];
+			if (i == EXC_DIRS)
+				free((char *)el->src);
+			clear_exclude_list(el);
+		}
+		free(group->el);
 	}
 
-	qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
-	      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
-{
-	free(pathspec->items);
-	pathspec->items = NULL;
+	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
+	while (stk) {
+		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
+		free(stk);
+		stk = prev;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index f5c89e3b80..9b7e4e77d8 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef DIR_H
 #define DIR_H
 
+/* See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt */
+
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 struct dir_entry {
@@ -13,24 +15,60 @@ struct dir_entry {
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
 #define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
 
+/*
+ * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which
+ * is appended to the relevant exclude_list_group (either EXC_DIRS or
+ * EXC_FILE).  An exclude_list within the EXC_CMDL exclude_list_group
+ * can also be used to represent the list of --exclude values passed
+ * via CLI args.
+ */
 struct exclude_list {
 	int nr;
 	int alloc;
+
+	/* remember pointer to exclude file contents so we can free() */
+	char *filebuf;
+
+	/* origin of list, e.g. path to filename, or descriptive string */
+	const char *src;
+
 	struct exclude {
+		/*
+		 * This allows callers of last_exclude_matching() etc.
+		 * to determine the origin of the matching pattern.
+		 */
+		struct exclude_list *el;
+
 		const char *pattern;
 		int patternlen;
 		int nowildcardlen;
 		const char *base;
 		int baselen;
 		int flags;
+
+		/*
+		 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
+		 * and from -1 decrementing for patterns from CLI args.
+		 */
+		int srcpos;
 	} **excludes;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The contents of the per-directory exclude files are lazily read on
+ * demand and then cached in memory, one per exclude_stack struct, in
+ * order to avoid opening and parsing each one every time that
+ * directory is traversed.
+ */
 struct exclude_stack {
-	struct exclude_stack *prev;
-	char *filebuf;
+	struct exclude_stack *prev; /* the struct exclude_stack for the parent directory */
 	int baselen;
-	int exclude_ix;
+	int exclude_ix; /* index of exclude_list within EXC_DIRS exclude_list_group */
+};
+
+struct exclude_list_group {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
 };
 
 struct dir_struct {
@@ -41,43 +79,69 @@ struct dir_struct {
 		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
 		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
 		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
-		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4,
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO = 1<<5,
+		DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY = 1<<6
 	} flags;
 	struct dir_entry **entries;
 	struct dir_entry **ignored;
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
-	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+
 	/*
-	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
+	 *
 	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
 	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
-	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files, e.g.
+	 *   - .git/info/exclude
+	 *   - core.excludesfile
+	 *
+	 * Each group contains multiple exclude lists, a single list
+	 * per source.
 	 */
 #define EXC_CMDL 0
 #define EXC_DIRS 1
 #define EXC_FILE 2
+	struct exclude_list_group exclude_list_group[3];
 
+	/*
+	 * Temporary variables which are used during loading of the
+	 * per-directory exclude lists.
+	 *
+	 * exclude_stack points to the top of the exclude_stack, and
+	 * basebuf contains the full path to the current
+	 * (sub)directory in the traversal. Exclude points to the
+	 * matching exclude struct if the directory is excluded.
+	 */
 	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
 	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
+/*
+ * The ordering of these constants is significant, with
+ * higher-numbered match types signifying "closer" (i.e. more
+ * specific) matches which will override lower-numbered match types
+ * when populating the seen[] array.
+ */
 #define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
 #define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
 #define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
-extern char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec);
-extern int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen, int prefix, char *seen);
+extern int simple_length(const char *match);
+extern int no_wildcard(const char *string);
+extern char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 extern int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 				const char *name, int namelen,
 				int prefix, char *seen);
 extern int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen, int depth, int max_depth);
 
-extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
-extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
+extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
-extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
-			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
+extern int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+				 int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
 struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len);
 
 /*
@@ -90,27 +154,21 @@ extern int match_pathname(const char *, int,
 			  const char *, int,
 			  const char *, int, int, int);
 
-/*
- * The excluded() API is meant for callers that check each level of leading
- * directory hierarchies with excluded() to avoid recursing into excluded
- * directories.  Callers that do not do so should use this API instead.
- */
-struct path_exclude_check {
-	struct dir_struct *dir;
-	struct strbuf path;
-};
-extern void path_exclude_check_init(struct path_exclude_check *, struct dir_struct *);
-extern void path_exclude_check_clear(struct path_exclude_check *);
-extern int path_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *, const char *, int namelen, int *dtype);
+extern struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *name, int *dtype);
 
+extern int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *name, int *dtype);
 
+extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     int group_type, const char *src);
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
-					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
 extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
-extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
+extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);
+extern void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
@@ -139,4 +197,12 @@ extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
 extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
 extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
 
+/*
+ * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.
+ */
+struct pathspec_item;
+extern int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index d8340031d2..0abbd8dc3a 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
 #define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
@@ -36,9 +37,26 @@ int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *en
 		return error("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
-		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+		const char *args[] = { editor, real_path(path), NULL };
+		struct child_process p;
+		int ret, sig;
 
-		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+		memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
+		p.argv = args;
+		p.env = env;
+		p.use_shell = 1;
+		if (start_command(&p) < 0)
+			return error("unable to start editor '%s'", editor);
+
+		sigchain_push(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+		sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+		ret = finish_command(&p);
+		sig = ret - 128;
+		sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+		sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+		if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGQUIT)
+			raise(sig);
+		if (ret)
 			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
 					editor);
 	}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 17a6bccec6..acc892f9a6 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
 	return open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
 }
 
-static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
+static void *read_blob_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *new = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, size);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int open_output_fd(char *path, struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
+static int open_output_fd(char *path, const struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	int symlink = (ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG;
 	if (to_tempfile) {
@@ -115,26 +115,29 @@ static int fstat_output(int fd, const struct checkout *state, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int streaming_write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
+static int streaming_write_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter,
 				 const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile,
 				 int *fstat_done, struct stat *statbuf)
 {
-	int result = -1;
+	int result = 0;
 	int fd;
 
 	fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
-	if (0 <= fd) {
-		result = stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
-		*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
-		result = close(fd);
-	}
-	if (result && 0 <= fd)
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	result |= stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
+	*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
+	result |= close(fd);
+
+	if (result)
 		unlink(path);
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
+static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		       char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	unsigned int ce_mode_s_ifmt = ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT;
 	int fd, ret, fstat_done = 0;
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
-		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(path, ce->sha1);
+		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(ce->name, ce->sha1);
 		if (filter &&
 		    !streaming_write_entry(ce, path, filter,
 					   state, to_tempfile,
@@ -197,9 +200,9 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 		break;
 	case S_IFGITLINK:
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			return error("cannot create temporary subproject %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create temporary submodule %s", path);
 		if (mkdir(path, 0777) < 0)
-			return error("cannot create subproject directory %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create submodule directory %s", path);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return error("unknown file mode for %s in index", path);
@@ -231,7 +234,8 @@ static int check_path(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st, int skiplen)
 	return lstat(path, st);
 }
 
-int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
+int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		   const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
 {
 	static char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
 	struct stat st;
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 85edd7f95a..378254c77a 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 int trust_executable_bit = 1;
 int trust_ctime = 1;
+int check_stat = 1;
 int has_symlinks = 1;
 int minimum_abbrev = 4, default_abbrev = 7;
 int ignore_case;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ int prefer_symlink_refs;
 int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
 int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
 int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
+int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 1;
 int repository_format_version;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@ size_t packed_git_window_size = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE;
 size_t packed_git_limit = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT;
 size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
 unsigned long big_file_threshold = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-const char *log_pack_access;
 const char *pager_program;
 int pager_use_color = 1;
 const char *editor_program;
@@ -62,6 +63,12 @@ int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 struct startup_info *startup_info;
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
 
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+char comment_line_char = '#';
+
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
 int core_preload_index = 0;
 
@@ -76,20 +83,20 @@ static const char *git_dir;
 static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_graft_file;
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * Remember to update local_repo_env_size in cache.h when
- * the size of the list changes
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; see cache.h for details.
  */
-const char * const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1] = {
+const char * const local_repo_env[] = {
 	ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT,
 	DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
 	INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -116,14 +123,13 @@ static char *expand_namespace(const char *raw_namespace)
 
 static void setup_git_env(void)
 {
+	const char *gitfile;
+
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	if (!git_dir) {
-		git_dir = read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	}
 	if (!git_dir)
 		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+	gitfile = read_gitfile(git_dir);
+	git_dir = xstrdup(gitfile ? gitfile : git_dir);
 	git_object_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (!git_object_dir) {
 		git_object_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 9);
diff --git a/exec_cmd.h b/exec_cmd.h
index e2b546b615..e4c9702f02 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.h
+++ b/exec_cmd.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ extern const char *git_exec_path(void);
 extern void setup_path(void);
 extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv);
 extern int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
 extern const char *system_path(const char *path);
 
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index c2a814ec66..f4d9969e5c 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
     ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
     commit_msg
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
-    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp commit-ish lf)*
     (file_change | ls)*
     lf?;
   commit_msg ::= data;
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
   file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
   file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
     data;
-  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
-  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp commit-ish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp commit-ish lf
     data;
 
   new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
-    'from' sp committish lf
+    'from' sp commit-ish lf
     ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     tag_msg;
   tag_msg ::= data;
 
   reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
     lf?;
 
   checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
      # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
      # are UTF8.
      #
-  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  commit-ish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
   ref_str     ::= ref;
   sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
   tag_str     ::= tag;
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ static int failure;
 static FILE *pack_edges;
 static unsigned int show_stats = 1;
 static int global_argc;
-static const char **global_argv;
+static char **global_argv;
 
 /* Memory pools */
 static size_t mem_pool_alloc = 2*1024*1024 - sizeof(struct mem_pool);
@@ -1568,7 +1568,8 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 static int tree_content_remove(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
@@ -1583,6 +1584,12 @@ static int tree_content_remove(
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!*p && allow_root) {
+		e = root;
+		goto del_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
@@ -1599,7 +1606,7 @@ static int tree_content_remove(
 				goto del_entry;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf)) {
+			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf, 0)) {
 				for (n = 0; n < e->tree->entry_count; n++) {
 					if (e->tree->entries[n]->versions[1].mode) {
 						hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
@@ -1629,7 +1636,8 @@ del_entry:
 static int tree_content_get(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
@@ -1641,31 +1649,39 @@ static int tree_content_get(
 		n = slash1 - p;
 	else
 		n = strlen(p);
-	if (!n)
+	if (!n && !allow_root)
 		die("Empty path component found in input");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!n) {
+		e = root;
+		goto found_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
 		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
-				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
-				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
-					leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
-				else
-					leaf->tree = NULL;
-				return 1;
-			}
+			if (!slash1)
+				goto found_entry;
 			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf);
+			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
+
+found_entry:
+	memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
+	if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
+		leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
+	else
+		leaf->tree = NULL;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
@@ -1678,7 +1694,7 @@ static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
 		return 0;
 	if (read_ref(b->name, old_sha1))
 		hashclr(old_sha1);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return error("Unable to lock %s", b->name);
 	if (!force_update && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
@@ -1822,7 +1838,7 @@ static void read_marks(void)
 		*end = 0;
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &end, 10);
 		if (!mark || end == line + 1
-			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1(end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		if (!e) {
@@ -2179,7 +2195,7 @@ static uintmax_t do_change_note_fanout(
 			}
 
 			/* Rename fullpath to realpath */
-			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf))
+			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf, 0))
 				die("Failed to remove path %s", fullpath);
 			tree_content_set(orig_root, realpath,
 				leaf.versions[1].sha1,
@@ -2265,7 +2281,7 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
 
@@ -2292,6 +2308,7 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2313,7 +2330,7 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 
 	/* Git does not track empty, non-toplevel directories. */
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !memcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN, 20) && *p) {
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2374,7 +2391,7 @@ static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
@@ -2412,9 +2429,9 @@ static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
 
 	memset(&leaf, 0, sizeof(leaf));
 	if (rename)
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	else
-		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
 		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
 	if (!*d) {	/* C "path/to/subdir" "" */
@@ -2434,7 +2451,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 {
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	struct branch *s;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
 	char path[60];
@@ -2464,6 +2481,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2476,7 +2494,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	assert(*p == ' ');
 	p++;  /* skip space */
 
-	/* <committish> */
+	/* <commit-ish> */
 	s = lookup_branch(p);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
@@ -2519,7 +2537,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	}
 
 	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), *old_fanout, path);
-	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL))
+	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL, 0))
 		b->num_notes--;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
@@ -2613,7 +2631,7 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 
 static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 {
-	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, **tail = &list, *n;
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
@@ -2641,11 +2659,9 @@ static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
 		n->next = NULL;
-		if (list)
-			e->next = n;
-		else
-			list = n;
-		e = n;
+		*tail = n;
+		tail = &n->next;
+
 		(*count)++;
 		read_next_command();
 	}
@@ -2957,7 +2973,7 @@ static struct object_entry *dereference(struct object_entry *oe,
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Not a treeish: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		die("Not a tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {	/* in a pack being written */
@@ -3041,7 +3057,7 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 	struct tree_entry *root = NULL;
 	struct tree_entry leaf = {NULL};
 
-	/* ls SP (<treeish> SP)? <path> */
+	/* ls SP (<tree-ish> SP)? <path> */
 	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("ls ");
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		if (!b)
@@ -3051,6 +3067,8 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 		struct object_entry *e = parse_treeish_dataref(&p);
 		root = new_tree_entry();
 		hashcpy(root->versions[1].sha1, e->idx.sha1);
+		if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
+			root->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		load_tree(root);
 		if (*p++ != ' ')
 			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
@@ -3065,7 +3083,7 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf);
+	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf, 1);
 	/*
 	 * A directory in preparation would have a sha1 of zero
 	 * until it is saved.  Save, for simplicity.
@@ -3347,7 +3365,7 @@ static void parse_argv(void)
 		read_marks();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index 099ff4ddff..a0e0350ae6 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 
 static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
 static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ static int no_done;
 static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int agent_supported;
+static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
 
 #define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
 #define COMMON		(1U << 1)
@@ -35,8 +39,8 @@ static int marked;
  */
 #define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
 
-static struct commit_list *rev_list;
-static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
+static struct prio_queue rev_list = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband, allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
 
 static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
 {
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
 			if (parse_commit(commit))
 				return;
 
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
+		prio_queue_put(&rev_list, commit);
 
 		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
 			non_common_revs++;
@@ -120,10 +124,10 @@ static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
 		unsigned int mark;
 		struct commit_list *parents;
 
-		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
+		if (rev_list.nr == 0 || non_common_revs == 0)
 			return NULL;
 
-		commit = rev_list->item;
+		commit = prio_queue_get(&rev_list);
 		if (!commit->object.parsed)
 			parse_commit(commit);
 		parents = commit->parents;
@@ -150,8 +154,6 @@ static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
 				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
-
-		rev_list = rev_list->next;
 	}
 
 	return commit->object.sha1;
@@ -172,8 +174,8 @@ static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
 		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
 		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
 		 */
-		char line[1000];
-		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
+		char *line;
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd, NULL))) {
 			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
 				continue;
 			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
@@ -183,49 +185,19 @@ static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
 	}
 }
 
-struct write_shallow_data {
-	struct strbuf *out;
-	int use_pack_protocol;
-	int count;
-};
-
-static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
-	data->count++;
-	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
-		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
-	else {
-		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
-		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data data;
-	data.out = out;
-	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
-	data.count = 0;
-	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
-	return data.count;
-}
-
 static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
+	int len;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(fd, &len);
 
 	if (!len)
 		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
-	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
 	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
 		return NAK;
 	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
 		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
+			if (len < 45)
+				return ACK;
 			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
 				return ACK_continue;
 			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
@@ -245,7 +217,7 @@ static void send_request(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
 		packet_flush(fd);
 	} else
-		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+		write_or_die(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
@@ -346,11 +318,11 @@ static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	state_len = req_buf.len;
 
 	if (args->depth > 0) {
-		char line[1024];
+		char *line;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
-		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))) {
 			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
 				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
@@ -440,7 +412,7 @@ static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 					in_vain = 0;
 					got_continue = 1;
 					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
-						rev_list = NULL;
+						clear_prio_queue(&rev_list);
 						got_ready = 1;
 					}
 					break;
@@ -503,7 +475,7 @@ static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int fla
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
 			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -520,47 +492,37 @@ static void mark_recent_complete_commits(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	}
 }
 
-static int non_matching_ref(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
-{
-	if (item->util) {
-		item->util = NULL;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	else
-		return 1;
-}
-
 static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
-			struct ref **refs, struct string_list *sought)
+			struct ref **refs,
+			struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
 {
 	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
 	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
 	struct ref *ref, *next;
-	int sought_pos;
+	int i;
 
-	sought_pos = 0;
+	i = 0;
 	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
 		int keep = 0;
 		next = ref->next;
+
 		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
 		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
 			; /* trash */
 		else {
-			while (sought_pos < sought->nr) {
-				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought->items[sought_pos].string);
+			while (i < nr_sought) {
+				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought[i]->name);
 				if (cmp < 0)
 					break; /* definitely do not have it */
 				else if (cmp == 0) {
 					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
-					sought->items[sought_pos++].util = "matched";
-					break;
+					sought[i]->matched = 1;
 				}
-				else
-					sought_pos++; /* might have it; keep looking */
+				i++;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (! keep && args->fetch_all &&
+		if (!keep && args->fetch_all &&
 		    (!args->depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
 			keep = 1;
 
@@ -573,7 +535,21 @@ static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		}
 	}
 
-	filter_string_list(sought, 0, non_matching_ref, NULL);
+	/* Append unmatched requests to the list */
+	if (allow_tip_sha1_in_want) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+			ref = sought[i];
+			if (ref->matched)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ref->name, ref->old_sha1))
+				continue;
+
+			ref->matched = 1;
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		}
+	}
 	*refs = newlist;
 }
 
@@ -583,7 +559,8 @@ static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
 }
 
 static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
-			    struct ref **refs, struct string_list *sought)
+			    struct ref **refs,
+			    struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int retval;
@@ -594,6 +571,9 @@ static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		struct object *o;
 
+		if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+			continue;
+
 		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
@@ -612,6 +592,7 @@ static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	if (!args->depth) {
 		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
 		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
 		if (cutoff)
 			mark_recent_complete_commits(args, cutoff);
 	}
@@ -634,7 +615,7 @@ static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		}
 	}
 
-	filter_refs(args, refs, sought);
+	filter_refs(args, refs, sought, nr_sought);
 
 	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
 		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
@@ -675,12 +656,13 @@ static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		    int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
 {
 	struct async demux;
-	const char *argv[20];
+	const char *argv[22];
 	char keep_arg[256];
 	char hdr_arg[256];
-	const char **av;
+	const char **av, *cmd_name;
 	int do_keep = args->keep_pack;
 	struct child_process cmd;
+	int ret;
 
 	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
 	if (use_sideband) {
@@ -716,10 +698,15 @@ static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 			do_keep = 1;
 	}
 
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		*av++ = "--shallow-file";
+		*av++ = alternate_shallow_file;
+	}
+
 	if (do_keep) {
 		if (pack_lockfile)
 			cmd.out = -1;
-		*av++ = "index-pack";
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "index-pack";
 		*av++ = "--stdin";
 		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
 			*av++ = "-v";
@@ -732,11 +719,14 @@ static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
 			*av++ = keep_arg;
 		}
+		if (args->check_self_contained_and_connected)
+			*av++ = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
 	}
 	else {
-		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "unpack-objects";
 		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
 			*av++ = "-q";
+		args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
 	}
 	if (*hdr_arg)
 		*av++ = hdr_arg;
@@ -751,23 +741,35 @@ static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	cmd.in = demux.out;
 	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (start_command(&cmd))
-		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", cmd_name);
 	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
 		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
 		close(cmd.out);
 	}
 
-	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (!ret || (args->check_self_contained_and_connected && ret == 1))
+		args->self_contained_and_connected =
+			args->check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			ret == 0;
+	else
+		die("%s failed", cmd_name);
 	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
 		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int cmp_ref_by_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = *((const struct ref **)a_);
+	const struct ref *b = *((const struct ref **)b_);
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
 static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 				 int fd[2],
 				 const struct ref *orig_ref,
-				 struct string_list *sought,
+				 struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
 				 char **pack_lockfile)
 {
 	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
@@ -776,6 +778,7 @@ static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 	int agent_len;
 
 	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
+	qsort(sought, nr_sought, sizeof(*sought), cmp_ref_by_name);
 
 	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
 		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
@@ -805,6 +808,11 @@ static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
 		use_sideband = 1;
 	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-tip-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-tip-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = 1;
+	}
 	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
 		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
 	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
@@ -824,7 +832,7 @@ static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 				agent_len, agent_feature);
 	}
 
-	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought)) {
+	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought, nr_sought)) {
 		packet_flush(fd[1]);
 		goto all_done;
 	}
@@ -837,6 +845,10 @@ static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 
 	if (args->stateless_rpc)
 		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alternate_shallow_file);
+	else
+		alternate_shallow_file = NULL;
 	if (get_pack(args, fd, pack_lockfile))
 		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
 
@@ -874,8 +886,6 @@ static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
-static struct lock_file lock;
-
 static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
 {
 	static int did_setup;
@@ -889,61 +899,52 @@ static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
 	did_setup = 1;
 }
 
+static int remove_duplicates_in_refs(struct ref **ref, int nr)
+{
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_insert(&names, ref[src]->name);
+		if (item->util)
+			continue; /* already have it */
+		item->util = ref[src];
+		if (src != dst)
+			ref[dst] = ref[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	for (src = dst; src < nr; src++)
+		ref[src] = NULL;
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	return dst;
+}
+
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
 		       const struct ref *ref,
 		       const char *dest,
-		       struct string_list *sought,
+		       struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
 		       char **pack_lockfile)
 {
-	struct stat st;
 	struct ref *ref_cpy;
 
 	fetch_pack_setup();
-	if (args->depth > 0) {
-		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
-			st.st_mtime = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (sought->nr) {
-		sort_string_list(sought);
-		string_list_remove_duplicates(sought, 0);
-	}
+	if (nr_sought)
+		nr_sought = remove_duplicates_in_refs(sought, nr_sought);
 
 	if (!ref) {
 		packet_flush(fd[1]);
 		die("no matching remote head");
 	}
-	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, pack_lockfile);
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile);
 
-	if (args->depth > 0) {
-		struct cache_time mtime;
-		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
-		int fd;
-
-		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
-		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
-		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
-			if (mtime.sec)
-				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
-		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
-#endif
-			  )
-			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
-		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
-			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		} else {
-			commit_lock_file(&lock);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	if (args->depth > 0 && alternate_shallow_file) {
+		if (*alternate_shallow_file == '\0') { /* --unshallow */
+			unlink_or_warn(git_path("shallow"));
+			rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		} else
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
 	}
 
 	reprepare_packed_git();
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
index cb148719bf..461cbf39b2 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.h
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define FETCH_PACK_H
 
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 
 struct fetch_pack_args {
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -16,21 +17,22 @@ struct fetch_pack_args {
 		verbose:1,
 		no_progress:1,
 		include_tag:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+		stateless_rpc:1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected:1,
+		self_contained_and_connected:1;
 };
 
 /*
- * sought contains the full names of remote references that should be
- * updated from.  On return, the names that were found on the remote
- * will have been removed from the list.  The util members of the
- * string_list_items are used internally; they must be NULL on entry
- * (and will be NULL on exit).
+ * sought represents remote references that should be updated from.
+ * On return, the names that were found on the remote will have been
+ * marked as such.
  */
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
 		       const struct ref *ref,
 		       const char *dest,
-		       struct string_list *sought,
+		       struct ref **sought,
+		       int nr_sought,
 		       char **pack_lockfile);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
deleted file mode 100755
index 63dfa4c475..0000000000
--- a/fixup-builtins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-while [ "$1" ]
-do
-	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
-		old="$1"
-		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
-		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
-		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-	fi
-	shift
-done
-
-sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
-s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
-exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 7395ef6a42..99c0497674 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	int has_null_sha1 = 0;
 	int has_full_path = 0;
 	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_dot = 0;
+	int has_dotdot = 0;
+	int has_dotgit = 0;
 	int has_zero_pad = 0;
 	int has_bad_modes = 0;
 	int has_dup_entries = 0;
@@ -168,6 +171,12 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 			has_full_path = 1;
 		if (!*name)
 			has_empty_name = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "."))
+			has_dot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".."))
+			has_dotdot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".git"))
+			has_dotgit = 1;
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -217,6 +226,12 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
 	if (has_empty_name)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_dot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.'");
+	if (has_dotdot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '..'");
+	if (has_dotgit)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.git'");
 	if (has_zero_pad)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
 	if (has_bad_modes)
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index 710764abb1..51563840f4 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ my ($diff_new_color) =
 
 my $normal_color = $repo->get_color("", "reset");
 
+my $diff_algorithm = $repo->config('diff.algorithm');
+
 my $use_readkey = 0;
 my $use_termcap = 0;
 my %term_escapes;
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ my %patch_modes = (
 my %patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{stage}};
 
 sub run_cmd_pipe {
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
 		my @invalid = grep {m/[":*]/} @_;
 		die "$^O does not support: @invalid\n" if @invalid;
 		my @args = map { m/ /o ? "\"$_\"": $_ } @_;
@@ -731,6 +733,9 @@ sub run_git_apply {
 sub parse_diff {
 	my ($path) = @_;
 	my @diff_cmd = split(" ", $patch_mode_flavour{DIFF});
+	if (defined $diff_algorithm) {
+		splice @diff_cmd, 1, 0, "--diff-algorithm=${diff_algorithm}";
+	}
 	if (defined $patch_mode_revision) {
 		push @diff_cmd, $patch_mode_revision;
 	}
@@ -1247,7 +1252,7 @@ sub summarize_hunk {
 
 
 # Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
-# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+# the first argument, starting with the index in the 2nd.
 sub display_hunks {
 	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
 	my $ctr = 0;
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
index c682d34094..7ea40fe644 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git am [options] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
-git am [options] (--resolved | --skip | --abort)
+git am [options] (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 --
 i,interactive   run interactively
 b,binary*       (historical option -- no-op)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ stop_here_user_resolve () {
 	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
 	    stop_here $1
     fi
-    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
+    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --continue\".
 If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"\$cmdline --skip\" instead.
 To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ split_patches () {
 			# Since we cannot guarantee that the commit message is in
 			# git-friendly format, we put no Subject: line and just consume
 			# all of the message as the body
-			perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			LANG=C LC_ALL=C perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# User /) { s/\# User/From:/ ; print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# Date /) {
@@ -446,6 +446,8 @@ done
 # If the dotest directory exists, but we have finished applying all the
 # patches in them, clear it out.
 if test -d "$dotest" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/last" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/next" &&
    last=$(cat "$dotest/last") &&
    next=$(cat "$dotest/next") &&
    test $# != 0 &&
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@ then
    rm -fr "$dotest"
 fi
 
-if test -d "$dotest"
+if test -d "$dotest" && test -f "$dotest/last" && test -f "$dotest/next"
 then
 	case "$#,$skip$resolved$abort" in
 	0,*t*)
@@ -504,7 +506,24 @@ then
 	esac
 	rm -f "$dotest/dirtyindex"
 else
-	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --resolved, nor --abort
+	# Possible stray $dotest directory in the independent-run
+	# case; in the --rebasing case, it is upto the caller
+	# (git-rebase--am) to take care of stray directories.
+	if test -d "$dotest" && test -z "$rebasing"
+	then
+		case "$skip,$resolved,$abort" in
+		,,t)
+			rm -fr "$dotest"
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stray \$dotest directory found.
+Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it.")"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --continue, nor --abort
 	test "$skip$resolved$abort" = "" ||
 		die "$(gettext "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming.")"
 
@@ -651,7 +670,7 @@ do
 	#  - patch is the patch body.
 	#
 	# When we are resuming, these files are either already prepared
-	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
+	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --continue flag.
 	case "$resume" in
 	'')
 		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
@@ -664,7 +683,7 @@ do
 			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
 			echo "$commit" >"$dotest/original-commit"
 			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" >"$dotest/author-script"
-			git diff-tree --root --binary "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
+			git diff-tree --root --binary --full-index "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
 		else
 			git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
 				<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
@@ -778,13 +797,6 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 	    action=yes
 	fi
 
-	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
-	then
-		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
-	else
-		FIRSTLINE=""
-	fi
-
 	if test $action = skip
 	then
 		go_next
@@ -797,6 +809,13 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 		stop_here $this
 	fi
 
+	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
+	then
+		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+	else
+		FIRSTLINE=""
+	fi
+
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Applying: \$FIRSTLINE")"
 
 	case "$resolved" in
@@ -904,5 +923,10 @@ if test -s "$dotest"/rewritten; then
     fi
 fi
 
-rm -fr "$dotest"
-git gc --auto
+# If am was called with --rebasing (from git-rebase--am), it's up to
+# the caller to take care of housekeeping.
+if ! test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+then
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	git gc --auto
+fi
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
index bc32f18d6d..9cb123a07d 100755
--- a/git-archimport.perl
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_f,$opt_v,$opt_T,$opt_t,$opt_D,$opt_a,$opt_o);
 
 sub usage() {
     print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
        [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
        repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
 END
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 99efbe8845..9f064b6f4f 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -311,7 +311,23 @@ bisect_next() {
 	res=$?
 
 	# Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
-	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+	if test $res -eq 10
+	then
+		bad_rev=$(git show-ref --hash --verify refs/bisect/bad)
+		bad_commit=$(git show-branch $bad_rev)
+		echo "# first bad commit: $bad_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		exit 0
+	elif test $res -eq 2
+	then
+		echo "# only skipped commits left to test" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		good_revs=$(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" "refs/bisect/good-*")
+		for skipped in $(git rev-list refs/bisect/bad --not $good_revs)
+		do
+			skipped_commit=$(git show-branch $skipped)
+			echo "# possible first bad commit: $skipped_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		done
+		exit $res
+	fi
 
 	# Check for an error in the bisection process
 	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 2e79b8a2f3..7776f126d3 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 # endif
 #elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__USLC__) && \
       !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__) && \
-      !defined(__TANDEM)
+      !defined(__TANDEM) && !defined(__QNX__)
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
 #endif
@@ -85,10 +85,14 @@
 #define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1
 #define _SGI_SOURCE 1
 
-#ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#define GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -99,18 +103,22 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#ifdef __TANDEM /* or HAVE_STRINGS_H or !NO_STRINGS_H? */
+#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
 #include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */
 #endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#ifndef USE_WILDMATCH
 #include <fnmatch.h>
+#endif
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
@@ -120,6 +128,7 @@
 #else
 #include <poll.h>
 #endif
+
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
 /* pull in Windows compatibility stuff */
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
@@ -160,7 +169,6 @@ typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
 #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
 #include <grp.h>
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
-#include "compat/cygwin.h"
 #else
 #undef _ALL_SOURCE /* AIX 5.3L defines a struct list with _ALL_SOURCE. */
 #include <grp.h>
@@ -209,6 +217,17 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #endif
 
+/* On most systems <netdb.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. z/OS).
+ */
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
 /* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
  * not on some systems (e.g. GNU/Hurd).
  */
@@ -276,8 +295,26 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #endif
 #endif
 
+/* The sentinel attribute is valid from gcc version 4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL __attribute__((sentinel))
+#else
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+#endif
+
 #include "compat/bswap.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#define FNM_PATHNAME WM_PATHNAME
+#define FNM_CASEFOLD WM_CASEFOLD
+#define FNM_NOMATCH  WM_NOMATCH
+static inline int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return wildmatch(pattern, string, flags, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* General helper functions */
 extern void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
 extern void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
@@ -288,8 +325,30 @@ extern NORETURN void die_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (prin
 extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+#include "compat/apple-common-crypto.h"
+#else
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif /* APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO */
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif /* NO_OPENSSL */
+
+/*
+ * Let callers be aware of the constant return value; this can help
+ * gcc with -Wuninitialized analysis. We restrict this trick to gcc, though,
+ * because some compilers may not support variadic macros. Since we're only
+ * trying to help gcc, anyway, it's OK; other compilers will fall back to
+ * using the function as usual.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define error(...) (error(__VA_ARGS__), -1)
+#endif
+
 extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
 extern void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+extern void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void));
 
 extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
@@ -395,11 +454,6 @@ extern uintmax_t gitstrtoumax(const char *, char **, int);
 extern intmax_t gitstrtoimax(const char *, char **, int);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-#define strtok_r gitstrtok_r
-extern char *gitstrtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
 #define hstrerror githstrerror
 extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
@@ -411,6 +465,10 @@ void *gitmemmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen,
                 const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+#define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
 #ifdef fopen
 #undef fopen
@@ -461,7 +519,7 @@ int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
 const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);
 #endif
 
-extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
+extern void release_pack_memory(size_t);
 
 typedef void (*try_to_free_t)(size_t);
 extern try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t);
@@ -511,13 +569,19 @@ extern const char tolower_trans_tbl[256];
 #undef isupper
 #undef tolower
 #undef toupper
-extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+extern const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define GIT_SPACE 0x01
 #define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
 #define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
 #define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
 #define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
 #define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
 #define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
 #define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
 #define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
@@ -529,6 +593,10 @@ extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
 #define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
 #define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[x] != -1)
 #define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
 #define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
 #define is_pathspec_magic(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
@@ -637,8 +705,13 @@ int rmdir_or_warn(const char *path);
  */
 int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *path);
 
-/* Call access(2), but warn for any error besides ENOENT. */
-int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode);
+/*
+ * Call access(2), but warn for any error except "missing file"
+ * (ENOENT or ENOTDIR).
+ */
+#define ACCESS_EACCES_OK (1U << 0)
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
 
 /* Warn on an inaccessible file that ought to be accessible */
 void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path);
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index e6bf25232c..d13f02da95 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ sleep(1);
 
 sub usage {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
 END
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 0a31ebd820..73d367cea8 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use IO::Socket;
 use IO::Pipe;
 use POSIX qw(strftime tzset dup2 ENOENT);
 use IPC::Open2;
+use Git qw(get_tz_offset);
 
 $SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
 set_timezone('UTC');
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ sub usage(;$) {
 	my $msg = shift;
 	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
        [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
        [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
@@ -864,7 +865,9 @@ sub commit {
 	}
 
 	set_timezone($author_tz);
-	my $commit_date = strftime("%s %z", localtime($date));
+	# $date is in the seconds since epoch format
+	my $tz_offset = get_tz_offset($date);
+	my $commit_date = "$date $tz_offset";
 	set_timezone('UTC');
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index c5ebfa0636..74d1cc7db0 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ my $methods = {
     'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
     'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
     'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Sticky'          => \&req_Sticky,
     'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
     'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
     'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ my $work =
 $log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
 
 my $usage =
-    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
     "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
     "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
     "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
@@ -470,11 +471,19 @@ sub req_Directory
     {
         $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
         $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        my %entries;
         foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
         {
-            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
-            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            $entries{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
         }
+        $state->{entries}=\%entries;
+
+        my %dirMap;
+        foreach my $dir ( keys %{$state->{dirMap}} )
+        {
+            $dirMap{$state->{prependdir} . $dir} = $state->{dirMap}{$dir};
+        }
+        $state->{dirMap}=\%dirMap;
     }
 
     if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
@@ -482,9 +491,60 @@ sub req_Directory
         $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
         $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
     }
+
+    if ( ! defined($state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}) )
+    {
+        $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}} =
+            {
+                'names' => {}
+                #'tagspec' => undef
+            };
+    }
+
     $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
 }
 
+# Sticky tagspec \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that the directory most
+#     recently specified with Directory has a sticky tag or date
+#     tagspec. The first character of tagspec is T for a tag, D for
+#     a date, or some other character supplied by a Set-sticky
+#     response from a previous request to the server. The remainder
+#     of tagspec contains the actual tag or date, again as supplied
+#     by Set-sticky.
+#          The server should remember Static-directory and Sticky requests
+#     for a particular directory; the client need not resend them each
+#     time it sends a Directory request for a given directory. However,
+#     the server is not obliged to remember them beyond the context
+#     of a single command.
+sub req_Sticky
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $tagspec ) = @_;
+
+    my ( $stickyInfo );
+    if($tagspec eq "")
+    {
+        # nothing
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $1 };
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo= { 'date' => $1 };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
+    }
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{stickyInfo}=$stickyInfo;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Sticky : tagspec=$tagspec repository=$state->{repository}"
+                . " path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory}"
+                . " module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
 # Entry entry-line \n
 #     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
 #     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
@@ -511,6 +571,8 @@ sub req_Entry
         tag_or_date => $data[5],
     };
 
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{names}{$data[1]} = 'F';
+
     $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
 }
 
@@ -549,7 +611,10 @@ sub req_add
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # no -r, -A, or -D with add
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev=~/^-/))
@@ -572,8 +637,10 @@ sub req_add
 
                 # this is an "entries" line
                 my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-                $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entryLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entryLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                $log->debug($entryLine);
+                print "$entryLine\n";
                 # permissions
                 $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
                 print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
@@ -604,7 +671,8 @@ sub req_add
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
                         $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
-        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/" .
+              getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
         if(defined($requestedKopts))
@@ -672,7 +740,10 @@ sub req_remove
             next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # only from entries
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
@@ -702,7 +773,7 @@ sub req_remove
         print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/" . getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         $rmcount++;
     }
@@ -882,6 +953,9 @@ sub req_co
         return 1;
     }
 
+    my $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $state->{opt}{r},
+                       'date' => $state->{opt}{D} };
+
     my $module = $state->{args}[0];
     $state->{module} = $module;
     my $checkout_path = $module;
@@ -899,64 +973,32 @@ sub req_co
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
+    my $headHash;
+    if( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+    {
+        $headHash = $updater->lookupCommitRef($stickyInfo->{tag});
+        if( !defined($headHash) )
+        {
+            print "error 1 no such tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}'\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+    }
 
-    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
-    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "0\n";
-
-    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
-    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
+    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
 
     my %seendirs = ();
     my $lastdir ='';
 
-    # recursive
-    sub prepdir {
-       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
-       my $parent = dirname($dir);
-       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
-       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
-       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
-       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
-       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
-
-       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
-           $parent = '';
-       }
-       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
-       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
-           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
-       }
-       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
-       if ($parent) {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
-       } else {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
-       }
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-
-       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "0\n";
-
-       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
-    }
-
-    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    prepDirForOutput(
+            ".",
+            $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module",
+            $checkout_path,
+            \%seendirs,
+            'checkout',
+            $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->getAnyHead($headHash)} )
     {
         # Don't want to check out deleted files
         next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
@@ -964,16 +1006,13 @@ sub req_co
         my $fullName = $git->{name};
         ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
 
-       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
-           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
-           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
-               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
-                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
-               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
-               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
-           }
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
-       }
+        unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+            prepDirForOutput($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                             $checkout_path, \%seendirs, 'checkout',
+                             $state->{dirArgs} );
+            $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+            $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+        }
 
         # modification time of this file
         print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
@@ -993,7 +1032,8 @@ sub req_co
 
         # this is an "entries" line
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
-        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                        getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         # permissions
         print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
 
@@ -1006,6 +1046,119 @@ sub req_co
     statecleanup();
 }
 
+# used by req_co and req_update to set up directories for files
+# recursively handles parents
+sub prepDirForOutput
+{
+    my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs) = @_;
+
+    my $parent = dirname($dir);
+    $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+    $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+    $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+    $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+
+    if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './')
+    {
+        $parent = '';
+    }
+    # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+    if( length($parent) &&
+        !exists($seendirs->{$parent}) &&
+        ( $request eq "checkout" ||
+          exists($dirArgs->{$parent}) ) )
+    {
+        prepDirForOutput($parent, $repodir, $remotedir,
+                         $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs);
+    }
+    # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+    if ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq './')
+    {
+        $dir = '';
+    }
+    if(exists($seendirs->{$dir}))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    my($thisRemoteDir,$thisRepoDir);
+    if ($dir ne "")
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir="$repodir/$dir";
+        if($remotedir eq ".")
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir=$dir;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir="$remotedir/$dir";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir=$repodir;
+        $thisRemoteDir=$remotedir;
+    }
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+    {
+        print "E cvs $request: Updating $thisRemoteDir\n";
+    }
+
+    my ($opt_r)=$state->{opt}{r};
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+    {
+        # $stickyInfo=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($opt_r) && $opt_r ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($state->{opt}{D}) && $state->{opt}{D} ne "" ) # TODO
+    {
+        $stickyInfo={ 'tag' => (defined($opt_r)?$opt_r:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $stickyInfo={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyInfo=getDirStickyInfo($state->{prependdir} . $dir);
+    }
+
+    my $stickyResponse;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo))
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Set-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n" .
+                          getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Clear-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+    }
+
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+    {
+        print $stickyResponse;
+
+        print "Clear-static-directory $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print $stickyResponse; # yes, twice
+        print "Template $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print "0\n";
+    }
+
+    $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+
+    # FUTURE: This would more accurately emulate CVS by sending
+    #   another copy of sticky after processing the files in that
+    #   directory.  Or intermediate: perhaps send all sticky's for
+    #   $seendirs after after processing all files.
+}
+
 # update \n
 #     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
 #     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
@@ -1049,29 +1202,19 @@ sub req_update
 
     #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my $last_dirname = "///";
+    my($repoDir);
+    $repoDir=$state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$state->{prependdir}";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argsFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($argsFilename);
 
         $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
 
-        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
-        {
-            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
-            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
-            {
-                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
-                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
-                {
-                    $cur_dirname = ".";
-                }
-                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
-            }
-        }
-
         # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1080,13 +1223,11 @@ sub req_update
             $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
         }
 
-        my $meta;
-        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^(1\.\d+)$/ )
-        {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
-        } else {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        }
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename,
+                                           $state->{opt}{r},
+                                           $state->{opt}{D},
+                                           exists($state->{opt}{A}));
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $stickyInfo);
 
         # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
@@ -1099,6 +1240,17 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
+        # Directories:
+        prepDirForOutput(
+                dirname($argsFilename),
+                $repoDir,
+                ".",
+                \%seendirs,
+                "update",
+                $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
 	if ( ! defined $meta )
 	{
 	    $meta = {
@@ -1106,16 +1258,23 @@ sub req_update
 	        revision => '0',
 	        filehash => 'added'
 	    };
+	    if($wrev ne "0")
+	    {
+	        $meta->{filehash}='deleted';
+	    }
 	}
 
         my $oldmeta = $meta;
 
-        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
-
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
+        my $oldWrev=$wrev;
+        if(defined($oldWrev))
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            $oldWrev=~s/^-//;
+            if($oldWrev ne $meta->{revision})
+            {
+                $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $oldWrev);
+            }
         }
 
         #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
@@ -1133,6 +1292,7 @@ sub req_update
         if ( defined ( $wrev )
              and defined($meta->{revision})
              and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev ne "0"
              and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
              and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1143,7 +1303,7 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" && $wrev ne "0" )
         {
             # TODO: If it has been modified in the sandbox, error out
             #   with the appropriate message, rather than deleting a modified
@@ -1205,10 +1365,6 @@ sub req_update
 		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
 		} else {
 		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
-		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
-		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
 
 		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
 		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
@@ -1217,8 +1373,10 @@ sub req_update
 
 		# this is an "entries" line
 		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-		$log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-		print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+		$log->debug($entriesLine);
+		print "$entriesLine\n";
 
 		# permissions
 		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
@@ -1266,7 +1424,9 @@ sub req_update
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
                     $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                    print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine="/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             elsif ( $return == 1 )
@@ -1282,7 +1442,9 @@ sub req_update
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -1310,6 +1472,43 @@ sub req_update
 
     }
 
+    # prepDirForOutput() any other existing directories unless they already
+    # have the right sticky tag:
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{n} )
+    {
+        my $dir;
+        foreach $dir (keys(%{$state->{dirMap}}))
+        {
+            if( ! $seendirs{$dir} &&
+                exists($state->{dirArgs}{$dir}) )
+            {
+                my($oldTag);
+                $oldTag=$state->{dirMap}{$dir}{tagspec};
+
+                unless( ( exists($state->{opt}{A}) &&
+                          defined($oldTag) ) ||
+                          ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) &&
+                            ( !defined($oldTag) ||
+                              $state->{opt}{r} ne $oldTag ) ) )
+                        # TODO?: OR sticky dir is different...
+                {
+                    next;
+                }
+
+                prepDirForOutput(
+                        $dir,
+                        $repoDir,
+                        ".",
+                        \%seendirs,
+                        'update',
+                        $state->{dirArgs} );
+            }
+
+            # TODO?: Consider sending a final duplicate Sticky response
+            #   to more closely mimic real CVS.
+        }
+    }
+
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -1342,23 +1541,11 @@ sub req_ci
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
-    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
-    chomp $parenthash;
-    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
-	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
-	    cleanupWorkTree();
-	    exit;
-    }
-
-    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
-
-    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
-
-    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
-
     my @committedfiles = ();
     my %oldmeta;
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    my $branchRef;
+    my $parenthash;
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
@@ -1368,7 +1555,67 @@ sub req_ci
 
         next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        #####
+        # Figure out which branch and parenthash we are committing
+        # to, and setup worktree:
+
+        # should always come from entries:
+        my $fileStickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        if( !defined($branchRef) )
+        {
+            $stickyInfo = $fileStickyInfo;
+            if( defined($stickyInfo) &&
+                ( defined($stickyInfo->{date}) ||
+                  !defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) ) )
+            {
+                print "error 1 cannot commit with sticky date for file `$filename'\n";
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            $branchRef = "refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+            if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+            {
+                $branchRef = "refs/heads/$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+            }
+
+            $parenthash = `git show-ref -s $branchRef`;
+            chomp $parenthash;
+            if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+                {
+                    print "error 1 sticky tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}' for file `$filename' is not a branch\n";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+                }
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+            $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+            $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+        }
+        elsif( !refHashEqual($stickyInfo,$fileStickyInfo) )
+        {
+            #TODO: We could split the cvs commit into multiple
+            #  git commits by distinct stickyTag values, but that
+            #  is lowish priority.
+            print "error 1 Committing different files to different"
+                  . " branches is not currently supported\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        #####
+        # Process this file:
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
@@ -1470,7 +1717,7 @@ sub req_ci
     }
 
 	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
-	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', $branchRef,
 			$parenthash, $commithash );
 	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
 		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
@@ -1484,7 +1731,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 	### Update the ref
 	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
-			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+			$branchRef, $commithash, $parenthash)) {
 		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
 		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
 		cleanupWorkTree();
@@ -1498,7 +1745,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
 
-		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash $branchRef\n";
 
 		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
 	}
@@ -1508,7 +1755,7 @@ sub req_ci
 	### Then hooks/post-update
 	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
 	if (-x $hook) {
-		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+		system($hook, $branchRef);
 	}
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1516,7 +1763,7 @@ sub req_ci
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
 	  $meta->{revision} = "1.1";
 	}
@@ -1540,7 +1787,8 @@ sub req_ci
             print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
             my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                  getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1577,16 +1825,19 @@ sub req_status
            next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        my $oldmeta = $meta;
-
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that
         # version too for comparison.
         if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
         }
 
         # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
@@ -1629,6 +1880,7 @@ sub req_status
         # same revision but there are local changes
         if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
              $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             $wrev ne "0" and
              $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
         {
             $status ||= "Locally Modified";
@@ -1644,7 +1896,8 @@ sub req_status
         }
 
         if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and
-             not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) )
+             ( !defined($meta->{revision}) ||
+               $meta->{revision} eq "0" ) )
         {
             $status ||= "Locally Added";
         }
@@ -1740,98 +1993,133 @@ sub req_diff
     # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
+    my($foundDiff);
+
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my($filename) = filecleanup($argFilename);
 
         my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # We need _something_ to diff against
-        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+        # Priority for revision1:
+        #  1. First -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - "0": added file not committed (empty contents for rev1)
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
-        # if we have a -r switch, use it
         if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
-            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && $wrev ne "0" )
+        {
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
+        }
+        if ( !defined($meta1) ||
+             $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                if(!defined($revision1))
+                {
+                    print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                }
                 next;
             }
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
-        }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
-        else
-        {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+            elsif( !defined($meta1) )
+            {
+                $meta1 = {
+                    name => $filename,
+                    revision => '0',
+                    filehash => 'deleted'
+                };
+            }
         }
 
+        # Priority for revision2:
+        #  1. Second -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. Modified file contents from client
+        #  3. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
+
         # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
         if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
-
-            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
-            {
-                print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
-                next;
-            }
-
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy
-        else
+        elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}))
         {
             $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+	    $meta2 = {
+                name => $filename,
+	        revision => '0',
+	        filehash => 'modified'
+            };
         }
-
-        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets
-        # get one
-        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && ($wrev!~/^-/) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            if(!defined($revision1))  # no revision and no modifications:
+            {
+                next;
+            }
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+        }
+        if(!defined($file2))
+        {
+            if ( !defined($meta2) ||
+                 $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+                {
+                    if(!defined($revision2))
+                    {
+                        print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                    }
+                    next;
+                }
+                elsif( !defined($meta2) )
+                {
+	            $meta2 = {
+                        name => $filename,
+	                revision => '0',
+	                filehash => 'deleted'
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        # We need to have retrieved something useful
-        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-
-        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same
-        # revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev eq $meta1->{revision} and
-             ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and
-                 ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or
-                   $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) ) or
-               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
-                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
-                        $meta1->{filehash} ) ) )
+        if( $meta1->{filehash} eq $meta2->{filehash} )
         {
+            $log->info("unchanged $filename");
             next;
         }
 
-        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
-        unless ( defined($meta2) or
-                 defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) )
+        # Retrieve revision contents:
+        ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+        transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+
+        if(!defined($file2))
         {
-            next;
+            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
 
-        print "M Index: $filename\n";
+        # Generate the actual diff:
+        print "M Index: $argFilename\n";
         print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) )
+        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) && $meta1->{revision} ne "0" )
         {
             print "M retrieving revision $meta1->{revision}\n"
         }
-        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) )
+        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) && $meta2->{revision} ne "0" )
         {
             print "M retrieving revision $meta2->{revision}\n"
         }
@@ -1852,33 +2140,73 @@ sub req_diff
                 }
             }
         }
-        print "$filename\n";
+        print "$argFilename\n";
 
         $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " .
                    ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
 
-        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
-
-        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        # TODO: Use --label instead of -L because -L is no longer
+        #  documented and may go away someday.  Not sure if there there are
+        #  versions that only support -L, which would make this change risky?
+        #  http://osdir.com/ml/bug-gnu-utils-gnu/2010-12/msg00060.html
+        #    ("man diff" should actually document the best migration strategy,
+        #  [current behavior, future changes, old compatibility issues
+        #  or lack thereof, etc], not just stop mentioning the option...)
+        # TODO: Real CVS seems to include a date in the label, before
+        #  the revision part, without the keyword "revision".  The following
+        #  has minimal changes compared to original versions of
+        #  git-cvsserver.perl.  (Mostly tab vs space after filename.)
+
+        my (@diffCmd) = ( 'diff' );
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
         {
-            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision $meta1->{revision}'" .
-                        " -L '$filename " .
-                        ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ?
-                                "revision $meta2->{revision}" :
-                                "working copy" ) .
-                        "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff" );
-        } else {
-            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
+            push @diffCmd,"-N";
         }
+        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        {
+            push @diffCmd,("-u","-L");
+            if( $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                push @diffCmd,"/dev/null";
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("$argFilename\trevision $meta1->{revision}");
+            }
 
-        while ( <$fh> )
+            if( defined($meta2->{filehash}) )
+            {
+                if( $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L","/dev/null");
+                } else {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L",
+                                   "$argFilename\trevision $meta2->{revision}");
+                }
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("-L","$argFilename\tworking copy");
+            }
+        }
+        push @diffCmd,($file1,$file2);
+        if(!open(DIFF,"-|",@diffCmd))
         {
-            print "M $_";
+            $log->warn("Unable to run diff: $!");
         }
-        close $fh;
+        my($diffLine);
+        while(defined($diffLine=<DIFF>))
+        {
+            print "M $diffLine";
+            $foundDiff=1;
+        }
+        close(DIFF);
     }
 
-    print "ok\n";
+    if($foundDiff)
+    {
+        print "error  \n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+    }
 }
 
 sub req_log
@@ -2098,7 +2426,7 @@ sub argsplit
         $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
         $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
         $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
-        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2, N => 0 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
         $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
         $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
         $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
@@ -2164,62 +2492,335 @@ sub argsplit
     }
 }
 
-# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
-sub argsfromdir
+# Used by argsfromdir
+sub expandArg
 {
-    my $updater = shift;
+    my ($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$path,$isDir) = @_;
 
-    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+    my $fullPath = filecleanup($path);
 
-    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
+      # Is it a directory?
+    if( defined($state->{dirMap}{$fullPath}) ||
+        defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) )
+    {
+          # It is a directory in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=1;
 
-    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
+        if(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("Inconsistent file/dir type");
+            die "Inconsistent file/dir type";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+    {
+          # It is a file in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=0;
+    }
+    my($revDirMap,$otherRevDirMap);
+    if(!defined($isDir) || $isDir)
+    {
+          # Resolve version tree for sticky tag:
+          # (for now we only want list of files for the version, not
+          # particular versions of those files: assume it is a directory
+          # for the moment; ignore Entry's stick tag)
+
+          # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+          #    -A       [head]
+          #    -r /tag/
+          #    [file entry sticky tag, but that is only relevant to files]
+          #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [head]
+          # Also, -r may appear twice (for diff).
+          #
+          # FUTURE: When/if -j (merges) are supported, we also
+          #  need to add relevant files from one or two
+          #  versions specified with -j.
+
+        if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap();
+        }
+        elsif( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and
+               ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[0]);
+            $otherRevDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[1]);
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{opt}{r}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($sticky)=getDirStickyInfo($fullPath);
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($sticky->{tag});
+        }
 
-    # push added files
-    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
-	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
-		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} eq '0' )
-	{
-	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
-	}
+          # Is it a directory?
+        if( defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}) ||
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            $isDir=1;
+        }
     }
 
-    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+      # What to do with it?
+    if(!$isDir)
+    {
+        $outNameMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+    }
+    else
     {
-        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
-        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+        $outDirMap->{$fullPath}=1;
 
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+        if(defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $revDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+        if( defined($otherRevDirMap) &&
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# Used by argsfromdir
+# Add entries from dirMap to outNameMap.  Also recurse into entries
+# that are subdirectories.
+sub addDirMapFiles
+{
+    my($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$dirMap)=@_;
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+    my($fullName);
+    foreach $fullName (keys(%$dirMap))
+    {
+        my $cleanName=$fullName;
+        if(defined($state->{prependdir}))
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            if(!($cleanName=~s/^\Q$state->{prependdir}\E//))
+            {
+                $log->fatal("internal error stripping prependdir");
+                die "internal error stripping prependdir";
+            }
         }
 
-        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
-    } else {
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
+        if($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "F")
+        {
+            $outNameMap->{$cleanName}=1;
+        }
+        elsif($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "D")
+        {
+            if(!$state->{opt}{l})
+            {
+                expandArg($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$cleanName,1);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error in addDirMapFiles");
+            die "internal error in addDirMapFiles";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# This method replaces $state->{args} with a directory-expanded
+# list of all relevant filenames (recursively unless -d), based
+# on $state->{entries}, and the "current" list of files in
+# each directory.  "Current" files as determined by
+# either the requested (-r/-A) or "req_Sticky" version of
+# that directory.
+#    Both the input args and the new output args are relative
+# to the cvs-client's CWD, although some of the internal
+# computations are relative to the top of the project.
+sub argsfromdir
+{
+    my $updater = shift;
+
+    # Notes about requirements for specific callers:
+    #   update # "standard" case (entries; a single -r/-A/default; -l)
+    #          # Special case: -d for create missing directories.
+    #   diff # 0 or 1 -r's: "standard" case.
+    #        # 2 -r's: We could ignore entries (just use the two -r's),
+    #        # but it doesn't really matter.
+    #   annotate # "standard" case
+    #   log # Punting: log -r has a more complex non-"standard"
+    #       # meaning, and we don't currently try to support log'ing
+    #       # branches at all (need a lot of work to
+    #       # support CVS-consistent branch relative version
+    #       # numbering).
+#HERE: But we still want to expand directories.  Maybe we should
+#  essentially force "-A".
+    #   status # "standard", except that -r/-A/default are not possible.
+    #          # Mostly only used to expand entries only)
+    #
+    # Don't use argsfromdir at all:
+    #   add # Explicit arguments required.  Directory args imply add
+    #       # the directory itself, not the files in it.
+    #   co  # Obtain list directly.
+    #   remove # HERE: TEST: MAYBE client does the recursion for us,
+    #          # since it only makes sense to remove stuff already in
+    #          # the sandobx?
+    #   ci # HERE: Similar to remove...
+    #      # Don't try to implement the confusing/weird
+    #      # ci -r bug er.."feature".
+
+    if(scalar(@{$state->{args}})==0)
+    {
+        $state->{args} = [ "." ];
+    }
+    my %allArgs;
+    my %allDirs;
+    for my $file (@{$state->{args}})
+    {
+        expandArg($updater,\%allArgs,\%allDirs,$file);
+    }
+
+    # Include any entries from sandbox.  Generally client won't
+    # send entries that shouldn't be used.
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}})
+    {
+        $allArgs{remove_prependdir($file)} = 1;
+    }
 
-        $state->{args} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = \%allDirs;
+    $state->{args} = [
+        sort {
+                # Sort priority: by directory depth, then actual file name:
+            my @piecesA=split('/',$a);
+            my @piecesB=split('/',$b);
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+            my $count=scalar(@piecesA);
+            my $tmp=scalar(@piecesB);
+            return $count<=>$tmp if($count!=$tmp);
+
+            for($tmp=0;$tmp<$count;$tmp++)
+            {
+                if($piecesA[$tmp] ne $piecesB[$tmp])
+                {
+                    return $piecesA[$tmp] cmp $piecesB[$tmp]
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        } keys(%allArgs) ];
+}
+
+## look up directory sticky tag, of either fullPath or a parent:
+sub getDirStickyInfo
+{
+    my($fullPath)=@_;
+
+    $fullPath=~s%/+$%%;
+    while($fullPath ne "" && !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}))
+    {
+        $fullPath=~s%/?[^/]*$%%;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) &&
+        ( $fullPath eq "" ||
+          $fullPath eq "." ) )
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{""}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+}
+
+# Resolve precedence of various ways of specifying which version of
+# a file you want.  Returns undef (for default head), or a ref to a hash
+# that contains "tag" and/or "date" keys.
+sub resolveStickyInfo
+{
+    my($filename,$stickyTag,$stickyDate,$reset) = @_;
+
+    # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+    #    -A       [head]
+    #    -r /tag/
+    #    [file entry sticky tag]
+    #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [head]
+
+    my $result;
+    if($reset)
+    {
+        # $result=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($stickyTag) && $stickyTag ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($stickyDate) && $stickyDate ne "" )   # TODO
+    {
+        $result={ 'tag' => (defined($stickyTag)?$stickyTag:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $result={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    elsif( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}) &&
+           defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date}) &&
+           $state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date} ne "" )
+    {
+        my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+        if($tagOrDate=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $result = { 'tag' => $1 };
+        }
+        elsif($tagOrDate=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+        {
+            $result= { 'date' => $1 };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
         }
     }
+    else
+    {
+        $result=getDirStickyInfo($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+# Convert a stickyInfo (ref to a hash) as returned by resolveStickyInfo into
+# a form appropriate for the sticky tag field of an Entries
+# line (field index 5, 0-based).
+sub getStickyTagOrDate
+{
+    my($stickyInfo)=@_;
+
+    my $result;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}))
+    {
+        $result="T$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+    }
+    # TODO: When/if we actually pick versions by {date} properly,
+    #   also handle it here:
+    #   "D$stickyInfo->{date}" (example: "D2011.04.13.20.37.07").
+    else
+    {
+        $result="";
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
 # This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
 sub statecleanup
 {
     $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = {};
     $state->{args} = [];
     $state->{arguments} = [];
     $state->{entries} = {};
+    $state->{dirMap} = {};
 }
 
 # Return working directory CVS revision "1.X" out
@@ -2309,6 +2910,9 @@ sub filenamesplit
     return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
 }
 
+# Cleanup various junk in filename (try to canonicalize it), and
+# add prependdir to accommodate running CVS client from a
+# subdirectory (so the output is relative to top directory of the project).
 sub filecleanup
 {
     my $filename = shift;
@@ -2320,11 +2924,36 @@ sub filecleanup
         return undef;
     }
 
+    if($filename eq ".")
+    {
+        $filename="";
+    }
     $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename =~ s%/+%/%g;
     $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    $filename =~ s%/$%%;
     return $filename;
 }
 
+# Remove prependdir from the path, so that is is relative to the directory
+# the CVS client was started from, rather than the top of the project.
+# Essentially the inverse of filecleanup().
+sub remove_prependdir
+{
+    my($path) = @_;
+    if(defined($state->{prependdir}) && $state->{prependdir} ne "")
+    {
+        my($pre)=$state->{prependdir};
+        $pre=~s%/$%%;
+        if(!($path=~s%^\Q$pre\E/?%%))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error missing prependdir");
+            die("internal error missing prependdir");
+        }
+    }
+    return $path;
+}
+
 sub validateGitDir
 {
     if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
@@ -2738,6 +3367,45 @@ sub descramble
     return $ret;
 }
 
+# Test if the (deep) values of two references to a hash are the same.
+sub refHashEqual
+{
+    my($v1,$v2) = @_;
+
+    my $out;
+    if(!defined($v1))
+    {
+        if(!defined($v2))
+        {
+            $out=1;
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( !defined($v2) ||
+           scalar(keys(%{$v1})) != scalar(keys(%{$v2})) )
+    {
+        # $out=undef;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $out=1;
+
+        my $key;
+        foreach $key (keys(%{$v1}))
+        {
+            if( !exists($v2->{$key}) ||
+                defined($v1->{$key}) ne defined($v2->{$key}) ||
+                ( defined($v1->{$key}) &&
+                  $v1->{$key} ne $v2->{$key} ) )
+            {
+               $out=undef;
+               last;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $out;
+}
+
 
 package GITCVS::log;
 
@@ -2958,6 +3626,9 @@ sub new
 
     die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
 
+    # Stores full sha1's for various branch/tag names, abbreviations, etc:
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+
     $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
         $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
     $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
@@ -3140,6 +3811,8 @@ sub update
     my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
 
     if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         # invalidate the gethead cache
+         $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
          return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3157,45 +3830,10 @@ sub update
         push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
     }
     # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
-    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
-
-    my @commits;
-
-    my %commit = ();
-
-    while ( <GITLOG> )
-    {
-        chomp;
-        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
-            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
-            # and prime things for the next one
-            if (keys %commit) {
-                my %copy = %commit;
-                unshift @commits, \%copy;
-                %commit = ();
-            }
-            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
-            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
-            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
-        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
-            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
-            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
-            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
-        } else {
-            # message lines - skip initial empty line
-            # and trim whitespace
-            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
-                # define it to mark the end of headers
-                $commit{message} = '';
-                next;
-            }
-            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
-            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    close GITLOG;
-
-    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
 
     # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
     # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
@@ -3294,7 +3932,7 @@ sub update
         }
 
         # convert the date to CVS-happy format
-        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+        my $cvsDate = convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
 
         if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
         {
@@ -3303,7 +3941,7 @@ sub update
             while ( <FILELIST> )
             {
 		chomp;
-                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+([0-7]{6})\s+[a-f0-9]{40}\s+([a-f0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
                 {
                     die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
                 }
@@ -3313,11 +3951,7 @@ sub update
 
                 # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
 
-                my $git_perms = "";
-                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
-                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
-                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
-                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 if ( $change eq "D" )
                 {
@@ -3327,11 +3961,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => "deleted",
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
                 {
@@ -3341,11 +3975,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "A" )
                 {
@@ -3355,11 +3989,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -3382,7 +4016,7 @@ sub update
                     die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
                 }
 
-                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+                my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
 
                 $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
 
@@ -3392,18 +4026,10 @@ sub update
                     $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
                 );
 
-                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
-                {
-                    $git_perms = "";
-                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
-                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
-                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
-                } else {
-                    $git_perms = "rw";
-                }
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
-                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $dbMode )
                 {
                     my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
 
@@ -3412,13 +4038,13 @@ sub update
                         revision => $newrevision,
                         filehash => $git_hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
 
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
             }
             close FILELIST;
@@ -3431,10 +4057,10 @@ sub update
                     $head->{$file}{revision}++;
                     $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
                     $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
-                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $cvsDate;
                     $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
                 }
             }
             # END : "Detect deleted files"
@@ -3465,13 +4091,94 @@ sub update
         );
     }
     # invalidate the gethead cache
-    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+    $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
 
 
     # Ending exclusive lock here
     $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
 }
 
+sub readCommits
+{
+    my $pipeHandle = shift;
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <$pipeHandle> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub convertToCvsDate
+{
+    my $date = shift;
+    # Convert from: "git rev-list --pretty" formatted date
+    # Convert to: "the format specified by RFC822 as modified by RFC1123."
+    # Example: 26 May 1997 13:01:40 -0400
+    if( $date =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ )
+    {
+        $date = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5";
+    }
+
+    return $date;
+}
+
+sub convertToDbMode
+{
+    my $mode = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: The CVS protocol uses a string similar "u=rw,g=rw,o=rw",
+    #  but the database "mode" column historically (and currently)
+    #  only stores the "rw" (for user) part of the string.
+    #    FUTURE: It might make more sense to persist the raw
+    #  octal mode (or perhaps the final full CVS form) instead of
+    #  this half-converted form, but it isn't currently worth the
+    #  backwards compatibility headaches.
+
+    $mode=~/^\d{3}(\d)\d\d$/;
+    my $userBits=$1;
+
+    my $dbMode = "";
+    $dbMode .= "r" if ( $userBits & 4 );
+    $dbMode .= "w" if ( $userBits & 2 );
+    $dbMode .= "x" if ( $userBits & 1 );
+    $dbMode = "rw" if ( $dbMode eq "" );
+
+    return $dbMode;
+}
+
 sub insert_rev
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3586,6 +4293,169 @@ sub gethead
     return $tree;
 }
 
+=head2 getAnyHead
+
+Returns a reference to an array of getmeta structures, one
+per file in the specified tree hash.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getAnyHead
+{
+    my ($self,$hash) = @_;
+
+    if(!defined($hash))
+    {
+        return $self->gethead();
+    }
+
+    my @files;
+    {
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        @files=<$filePipe>;
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+    my $tree=[];
+    my($line);
+    foreach $line (@files)
+    {
+        $line=~s/\0$//;
+        unless ( $line=~/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+        {
+            die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+        }
+
+        my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+        push @$tree, $self->getMetaFromCommithash($git_filename,$hash);
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getRevisionDirMap
+
+A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
+with a particular revision (tree-ish), organized by directory:
+
+  $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
+
+The type of each is "F" (for ordinary file) or "D" (for directory,
+for which the map $out->{$fullName} will also exist).
+
+=cut
+
+sub getRevisionDirMap
+{
+    my ($self,$ver)=@_;
+
+    if(!defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}))
+    {
+        $self->{revisionDirMapCache}={};
+    }
+
+        # Get file list (previously cached results are dependent on HEAD,
+        # but are early in each case):
+    my $cacheKey;
+    my (@fileList);
+    if( !defined($ver) || $ver eq "" )
+    {
+        $cacheKey="";
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        my @head = @{$self->gethead()};
+        foreach my $file ( @head )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+            push @fileList,$file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my ($hash)=$self->lookupCommitRef($ver);
+        if( !defined($hash) )
+        {
+            return undef;
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey=$hash;
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        while ( <$filePipe> )
+        {
+            chomp;
+            unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+            {
+                die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+            }
+
+            my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+            push @fileList, $git_filename;
+        }
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+        # Convert to normalized form:
+    my %revMap;
+    my $file;
+    foreach $file (@fileList)
+    {
+        my($dir) = ($file=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+        $dir='' if(!defined($dir));
+
+            # parent directories:
+            # ... create empty dir maps for parent dirs:
+        my($td)=$dir;
+        while(!defined($revMap{$td}))
+        {
+            $revMap{$td}={};
+
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+            # ... add children to parent maps (now that they exist):
+        $td=$dir;
+        while($td ne "")
+        {
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+
+            if(defined($revMap{$tp}{$td}))
+            {
+                if($revMap{$tp}{$td} ne 'D')
+                {
+                    die "Weird file/directory inconsistency in $cacheKey";
+                }
+                last;   # loop exit
+            }
+            $revMap{$tp}{$td}='D';
+
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+
+            # file
+        $revMap{$dir}{$file}='F';
+    }
+
+        # Save in cache:
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}=\%revMap;
+    return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+}
+
 =head2 getlog
 
 See also gethistorydense().
@@ -3646,6 +4516,19 @@ sub getlog
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
 metadata for that file.
 
+There are several ways $revision can be specified:
+
+   - A reference to hash that contains a "tag" that is the
+     actual revision (one of the below).  TODO: Also allow it to
+     specify a "date" in the hash.
+   - undef, to refer to the latest version on the main branch.
+   - Full CVS client revision number (mapped to integer in DB, without the
+     "1." prefix),
+   - Complex CVS-compatible "special" revision number for
+     non-linear history (see comment below)
+   - git commit sha1 hash
+   - branch or tag name
+
 =cut
 
 sub getmeta
@@ -3656,23 +4539,144 @@ sub getmeta
     my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
     my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
 
-    my $db_query;
-    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+    if ( ref($revision) eq "HASH" )
     {
-        my ($intRev) = $1;
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+        $revision = $revision->{tag};
     }
-    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
+
+    # Overview of CVS revision numbers:
+    #
+    # General CVS numbering scheme:
+    #   - Basic mainline branch numbers: "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", etc.
+    #   - Result of "cvs checkin -r" (possible, but not really
+    #     recommended): "2.1", "2.2", etc
+    #   - Branch tag: "1.2.0.n", where "1.2" is revision it was branched
+    #     from, "0" is a magic placeholder that identifies it as a
+    #     branch tag instead of a version tag, and n is 2 times the
+    #     branch number off of "1.2", starting with "2".
+    #   - Version on a branch: "1.2.n.x", where "1.2" is branch-from, "n"
+    #     is branch number off of "1.2" (like n above), and "x" is
+    #     the version number on the branch.
+    #   - Branches can branch off of branches: "1.3.2.7.4.1" (even number
+    #     of components).
+    #   - Odd "n"s are used by "vendor branches" that result
+    #     from "cvs import".  Vendor branches have additional
+    #     strangeness in the sense that the main rcs "head" of the main
+    #     branch will (temporarily until first normal commit) point
+    #     to the version on the vendor branch, rather than the actual
+    #     main branch.  (FUTURE: This may provide an opportunity
+    #     to use "strange" revision numbers for fast-forward-merged
+    #     branch tip when CVS client is asking for the main branch.)
+    #
+    # git-cvsserver CVS-compatible special numbering schemes:
+    #   - Currently git-cvsserver only tries to be identical to CVS for
+    #     simple "1.x" numbers on the "main" branch (as identified
+    #     by the module name that was originally cvs checkout'ed).
+    #   - The database only stores the "x" part, for historical reasons.
+    #     But most of the rest of the cvsserver preserves
+    #     and thinks using the full revision number.
+    #   - To handle non-linear history, it uses a version of the form
+    #     "2.1.1.2000.b.b.b."..., where the 2.1.1.2000 is to help uniquely
+    #     identify this as a special revision number, and there are
+    #     20 b's that together encode the sha1 git commit from which
+    #     this version of this file originated.  Each b is
+    #     the numerical value of the corresponding byte plus
+    #     100.
+    #      - "plus 100" avoids "0"s, and also reduces the
+    #        likelihood of a collision in the case that someone someday
+    #        writes an import tool that tries to preserve original
+    #        CVS revision numbers, and the original CVS data had done
+    #        lots of branches off of branches and other strangeness to
+    #        end up with a real version number that just happens to look
+    #        like this special revision number form.  Also, if needed
+    #        there are several ways to extend/identify alternative encodings
+    #        within the "2.1.1.2000" part if necessary.
+    #      - Unlike real CVS revisions, you can't really reconstruct what
+    #        relation a revision of this form has to other revisions.
+    #   - FUTURE: TODO: Rework database somehow to make up and remember
+    #     fully-CVS-compatible branches and branch version numbers.
+
+    my $meta;
+    if ( defined($revision) )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    } else {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        if ( $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+        {
+            my ($intRev) = $1;
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^2\.1\.1\.2000(\.[1-3][0-9][0-9]){20}$/ )
+        {
+            my ($commitHash)=($revision=~/^2\.1\.1\.2000(.*)$/);
+            $commitHash=~s/\.([0-9]+)/sprintf("%02x",$1-100)/eg;
+            if($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$commitHash);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision or commit=$commitHash\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision with commithash=$commitHash");
+            undef $revision;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            # Try DB first.  This is mostly only useful for req_annotate(),
+            # which only calls this for stuff that should already be in
+            # the DB.  It is fairly likely to be a waste of time
+            # in most other cases [unless the file happened to be
+            # modified in $revision specifically], but
+            # it is probably in the noise compared to how long
+            # getMetaFromCommithash() will take.
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+
+            if(! $meta)
+            {
+                my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+                if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+                {
+                    return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+                }
+
+                # error recovery: nothing found:
+                print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+                $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+                return $meta;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+            if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+            undef $revision;  # Allow fallback
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!defined($revision))
+    {
+        my $db_query;
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
         $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
     }
 
-    my $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
     if($meta)
     {
         $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
@@ -3680,6 +4684,204 @@ sub getmeta
     return $meta;
 }
 
+sub getMetaFromCommithash
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revCommit = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: This function doesn't scale well (lots of forks), especially
+    #   if you have many files that have not been modified for many commits
+    #   (each git-rev-parse redoes a lot of work for each file
+    #   that theoretically could be done in parallel by smarter
+    #   graph traversal).
+    #
+    # TODO: Possible optimization strategies:
+    #   - Solve the issue of assigning and remembering "real" CVS
+    #     revision numbers for branches, and ensure the
+    #     data structure can do this efficiently.  Perhaps something
+    #     similar to "git notes", and carefully structured to take
+    #     advantage same-sha1-is-same-contents, to roll the same
+    #     unmodified subdirectory data onto multiple commits?
+    #   - Write and use a C tool that is like git-blame, but
+    #     operates on multiple files with file granularity, instead
+    #     of one file with line granularity.  Cache
+    #     most-recently-modified in $self->{commitRefCache}{$revCommit}.
+    #     Try to be intelligent about how many files we do with
+    #     one fork (perhaps one directory at a time, without recursion,
+    #     and/or include directory as one line item, recurse from here
+    #     instead of in C tool?).
+    #   - Perhaps we could ask the DB for (filename,fileHash),
+    #     and just guess that it is correct (that the file hadn't
+    #     changed between $revCommit and the found commit, then
+    #     changed back, confusing anything trying to interpret
+    #     history).  Probably need to add another index to revisions
+    #     DB table for this.
+    #   - NOTE: Trying to store all (commit,file) keys in DB [to
+    #     find "lastModfiedCommit] (instead of
+    #     just files that changed in each commit as we do now) is
+    #     probably not practical from a disk space perspective.
+
+        # Does the file exist in $revCommit?
+    # TODO: Include file hash in dirmap cache.
+    my($dirMap)=$self->getRevisionDirMap($revCommit);
+    my($dir,$file)=($filename=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*$)%);
+    if(!defined($dir))
+    {
+        $dir="";
+    }
+    if( !defined($dirMap->{$dir}) ||
+        !defined($dirMap->{$dir}{$filename}) )
+    {
+        my($fileHash)="deleted";
+
+        my($retVal)={};
+        $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+        $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+
+            # not needed and difficult to compute:
+        $retVal->{revision}="0";  # $revision;
+        $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+        #$retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+        #$retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+        #$retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+        return $retVal;
+    }
+
+    my($fileHash)=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","$revCommit:$filename");
+    chomp $fileHash;
+    if(!($fileHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        die "Invalid fileHash '$fileHash' looking up"
+                    ." '$revCommit:$filename'\n";
+    }
+
+    # information about most recent commit to modify $filename:
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list',
+         '--max-count=1', '--pretty', '--parents',
+         $revCommit, '--', $filename)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
+    if(scalar(@commits)!=1)
+    {
+        die "Can't find most recent commit changing $filename\n";
+    }
+    my($commit)=$commits[0];
+    if( !defined($commit) || !defined($commit->{hash}) )
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    # does this (commit,file) have a real assigned CVS revision number?
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+        "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+        {},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename, $commit->{hash});
+    my($meta)=$db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+        return $meta;
+    }
+
+    # fall back on special revision number
+    my($revision)=$commit->{hash};
+    $revision=~s/(..)/'.' . (hex($1)+100)/eg;
+    $revision="2.1.1.2000$revision";
+
+    # meta data about $filename:
+    open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z',
+                $commit->{hash}, '--', $filename)
+            or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+    local $/ = "\0";
+    my $line;
+    $line=<$filePipe>;
+    if(defined(<$filePipe>))
+    {
+        die "Expected only a single file for git-ls-tree $filename\n";
+    }
+    close $filePipe;
+
+    chomp $line;
+    unless ( $line=~m/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+    {
+        die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $line\n");
+    }
+    my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+    # save result:
+    my($retVal)={};
+    $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+    $retVal->{revision}=$revision;
+    $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+    $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+    $retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+    $retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+    $retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+    return $retVal;
+}
+
+=head2 lookupCommitRef
+
+Convert tag/branch/abbreviation/etc into a commit sha1 hash.  Caches
+the result so looking it up again is fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub lookupCommitRef
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ref = shift;
+
+    my $commitHash = $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref};
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        return $commitHash;
+    }
+
+    $commitHash=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","--verify","--quiet",
+                                  $self->unescapeRefName($ref));
+    $commitHash=~s/\s*$//;
+    if(!($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        $commitHash=undef;
+    }
+
+    if( defined($commitHash) )
+    {
+        my $type=safe_pipe_capture("git","cat-file","-t",$commitHash);
+        if( ! ($type=~/^commit\s*$/ ) )
+        {
+            $commitHash=undef;
+        }
+    }
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref}=$commitHash;
+    }
+    return $commitHash;
+}
+
+=head2 clearCommitRefCaches
+
+Clears cached commit cache (sha1's for various tags/abbeviations/etc),
+and related caches.
+
+=cut
+
+sub clearCommitRefCaches
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache} = undef;
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+}
+
 =head2 commitmessage
 
 this function takes a commithash and returns the commit message for that commit
@@ -3745,6 +4947,97 @@ sub gethistorydense
     return $result;
 }
 
+=head2 escapeRefName
+
+Apply an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub escapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # CVS officially only allows [-_A-Za-z0-9] in tag names (or in
+    # many contexts it can also be a CVS revision number).
+    #
+    # Git tags commonly use '/' and '.' as well, but also handle
+    # anything else just in case:
+    #
+    #   = "_-s-"  For '/'.
+    #   = "_-p-"  For '.'.
+    #   = "_-u-"  For underscore, in case someone wants a literal "_-" in
+    #     a tag name.
+    #   = "_-xx-" Where "xx" is the hexadecimal representation of the
+    #     desired ASCII character byte. (for anything else)
+
+    if(! $refName=~/^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[1-9][0-9]*)*$/)
+    {
+        $refName=~s/_-/_-u--/g;
+        $refName=~s/\./_-p-/g;
+        $refName=~s%/%_-s-%g;
+        $refName=~s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9]/sprintf("_-%02x-",$1)/eg;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 unescapeRefName
+
+Undo an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub unescapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # see escapeRefName() for description of escape mechanism.
+
+    $refName=~s/_-([spu]|[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])-/unescapeRefNameChar($1)/eg;
+
+    # allowed tag names
+    # TODO: Perhaps use git check-ref-format, with an in-process cache of
+    #  validated names?
+    if( !( $refName=~m%^[^-][-a-zA-Z0-9_/.]*$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%[/.]$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~/\.lock$/ ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%\.\.|/\.|[[\\:?*~]|\@\{% ) )  # matching }
+    {
+        # Error:
+        $log->warn("illegal refName: $refName");
+        $refName=undef;
+    }
+    return $refName;
+}
+
+sub unescapeRefNameChar
+{
+    my($char)=@_;
+
+    if($char eq "s")
+    {
+        $char="/";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "p")
+    {
+        $char=".";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "u")
+    {
+        $char="_";
+    }
+    elsif($char=~/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$/)
+    {
+        $char=chr(hex($char));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        # Error case: Maybe it has come straight from user, and
+        # wasn't supposed to be escaped?  Restore it the way we got it:
+        $char="_-$char-";
+    }
+
+    return $char;
+}
+
 =head2 in_array()
 
 from Array::PAT - mimics the in_array() function
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
index 3d0fe0cd93..b00ed95dba 100755
--- a/git-difftool--helper.sh
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ launch_merge_tool () {
 	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
 	if should_prompt
 	then
-		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		printf "\nViewing: '%s'\n" "$MERGED"
 		if use_ext_cmd
 		then
 			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " \
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index edd0493a08..e57d3d1295 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Error qw(:try);
 use File::Basename qw(dirname);
 use File::Copy;
-use File::Compare;
 use File::Find;
 use File::stat;
 use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
@@ -59,57 +59,16 @@ sub find_worktree
 	return $worktree;
 }
 
-sub filter_tool_scripts
-{
-	my ($tools) = @_;
-	if (-d $_) {
-		if ($_ ne ".") {
-			# Ignore files in subdirectories
-			$File::Find::prune = 1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ((-f $_) && ($_ ne "defaults")) {
-			push(@$tools, $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 sub print_tool_help
 {
-	my ($cmd, @found, @notfound, @tools);
-	my $gitpath = Git::exec_path();
-
-	find(sub { filter_tool_scripts(\@tools) }, "$gitpath/mergetools");
-
-	foreach my $tool (@tools) {
-		$cmd  = "TOOL_MODE=diff";
-		$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
-		$cmd .= " && get_merge_tool_path $tool >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		$cmd .= " && can_diff >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		if (system('sh', '-c', $cmd) == 0) {
-			push(@found, $tool);
-		} else {
-			push(@notfound, $tool);
-		}
-	}
-
-	print << 'EOF';
-'git difftool --tool=<tool>' may be set to one of the following:
-EOF
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@found));
-
-	print << 'EOF';
+	my $cmd = 'TOOL_MODE=diff';
+	$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
+	$cmd .= ' && show_tool_help';
 
-The following tools are valid, but not currently available:
-EOF
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@notfound));
-
-	print << 'EOF';
-
-NOTE: Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed
-environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail.
-EOF
-	exit(0);
+	# See the comment at the bottom of file_diff() for the reason behind
+	# using system() followed by exit() instead of exec().
+	my $rc = system('sh', '-c', $cmd);
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
 }
 
 sub exit_cleanup
@@ -124,6 +83,54 @@ sub exit_cleanup
 	exit($status | ($status >> 8));
 }
 
+sub use_wt_file
+{
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $file, $sha1) = @_;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+
+	if (! -e "$workdir/$file") {
+		# If the file doesn't exist in the working tree, we cannot
+		# use it.
+		return (0, $null_sha1);
+	}
+
+	my $wt_sha1 = $repo->command_oneline('hash-object', "$workdir/$file");
+	my $use = ($sha1 eq $null_sha1) || ($sha1 eq $wt_sha1);
+	return ($use, $wt_sha1);
+}
+
+sub changed_files
+{
+	my ($repo_path, $index, $worktree) = @_;
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index;
+	$ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = $worktree;
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	my @refreshargs = qw/update-index --really-refresh -q --unmerged/;
+	my @gitargs = qw/diff-files --name-only -z/;
+	try {
+		Git::command_oneline(@refreshargs);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {};
+
+	my $line = Git::command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	my @files;
+	if (defined $line) {
+		@files = split('\0', $line);
+	} else {
+		@files = ();
+	}
+
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+
+	return map { $_ => 1 } @files;
+}
+
 sub setup_dir_diff
 {
 	my ($repo, $workdir, $symlinks) = @_;
@@ -147,6 +154,7 @@ sub setup_dir_diff
 	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
 	my $lindex = '';
 	my $rindex = '';
+	my $wtindex = '';
 	my %submodule;
 	my %symlink;
 	my @working_tree = ();
@@ -200,10 +208,13 @@ EOF
 		}
 
 		if ($rmode ne $null_mode) {
-			if ($rsha1 ne $null_sha1) {
-				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			my ($use, $wt_sha1) = use_wt_file($repo, $workdir,
+							  $dst_path, $rsha1);
+			if ($use) {
+				push @working_tree, $dst_path;
+				$wtindex .= "$rmode $wt_sha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			} else {
-				push(@working_tree, $dst_path);
+				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -244,13 +255,21 @@ EOF
 	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$rdir/");
 	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
 
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/wtindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index --info-only -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $wtindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
 	# If $GIT_DIR was explicitly set just for the update/checkout
 	# commands, then it should be unset before continuing.
 	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
 	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
 
 	# Changes in the working tree need special treatment since they are
-	# not part of the index
+	# not part of the index. Remove any trailing slash from $workdir
+	# before starting to avoid double slashes in symlink targets.
+	$workdir =~ s|/$||;
 	for my $file (@working_tree) {
 		my $dir = dirname($file);
 		unless (-d "$rdir/$dir") {
@@ -377,7 +396,7 @@ sub main
 	}
 	if ($opts{gui}) {
 		my $guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
-		if (length($guitool) > 0) {
+		if (defined($guitool) && length($guitool) > 0) {
 			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
 		}
 	}
@@ -414,19 +433,34 @@ sub dir_diff
 	# should be copied back to the working tree.
 	# Do not copy back files when symlinks are used and the
 	# external tool did not replace the original link with a file.
+	#
+	# These hashes are loaded lazily since they aren't needed
+	# in the common case of --symlinks and the difftool updating
+	# files through the symlink.
+	my %wt_modified;
+	my %tmp_modified;
+	my $indices_loaded = 0;
+
 	for my $file (@worktree) {
 		next if $symlinks && -l "$b/$file";
 		next if ! -f "$b/$file";
 
-		my $diff = compare("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file");
-		if ($diff == 0) {
-			next;
-		} elsif ($diff == -1) {
-			my $errmsg = "warning: Could not compare ";
-			$errmsg += "'$b/$file' with '$workdir/$file'\n";
+		if (!$indices_loaded) {
+			%wt_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$workdir");
+			%tmp_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$b");
+			$indices_loaded = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (exists $wt_modified{$file} and exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $errmsg = "warning: Both files modified: ";
+			$errmsg .= "'$workdir/$file' and '$b/$file'.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning: Working tree file has been left.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning:\n";
 			warn $errmsg;
 			$error = 1;
-		} elsif ($diff == 1) {
+		} elsif (exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
 			my $mode = stat("$b/$file")->mode;
 			copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or
 			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
index 53142492af..98e8fe43d2 100755
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ t)
 	test -d "$tempdir" &&
 		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
 esac
+orig_dir=$(pwd)
 mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
 tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
 cd "$tempdir/t" &&
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ workdir="$(pwd)" ||
 die ""
 
 # Remove tempdir on exit
-trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+trap 'cd "$orig_dir"; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
 
 ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
 ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
@@ -282,11 +283,12 @@ while read commit parents; do
 
 	case "$filter_subdir" in
 	"")
-		git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 git read-tree -i -m $commit
 		;;
 	*)
 		# The commit may not have the subdirectory at all
-		err=$(git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
+		err=$(GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 \
+		      git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
 			if ! git rev-parse -q --verify $commit:"$filter_subdir"
 			then
 				rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@ if [ "$filter_tag_name" ]; then
 	done
 fi
 
-cd ../..
+cd "$orig_dir"
 rm -rf "$tempdir"
 
 trap - 0
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 49b62ea6eb..0a1f8d4f8a 100755
--- a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.17.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=0.18.GITGUI
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/git-gui/Makefile b/git-gui/Makefile
index e22ba5c321..e9c2bc347d 100644
--- a/git-gui/Makefile
+++ b/git-gui/Makefile
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ lib/tclIndex: $(ALL_LIBFILES) GIT-GUI-VARS
 	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
 	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
 	else \
-	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
+	 echo >&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
 	 rm -f $@ ; \
 	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
 	 echo >>$@ && \
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ TRACK_VARS = \
 GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
 	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
 	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
-		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
+		echo >$@ "$$VARS"; \
 	fi
 
 ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index 89f636f496..153f85da06 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -137,6 +137,20 @@ unset oguimsg
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
+## On Mac, bring the current Wish process window to front
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+	catch {
+		exec osascript -e [format {
+			tell application "System Events"
+				set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+			end tell
+		} [pid]]
+	}
+}
+
+######################################################################
+##
 ## read only globals
 
 set _appname {Git Gui}
@@ -3003,18 +3017,11 @@ blame {
 	set jump_spec {}
 	set is_path 0
 	foreach a $argv {
-		if {[file exists $a]} {
-			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $a]
-			break
-		} elseif {[file exists $_prefix$a]} {
-			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$a]
-			break
-		}
+		set p [file join $_prefix $a]
 
-		if {$is_path} {
+		if {$is_path || [file exists $p]} {
 			if {$path ne {}} usage
+			set path [normalize_relpath $p]
 			break
 		} elseif {$a eq {--}} {
 			if {$path ne {}} {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
index 657f7d5dc1..ee58981f53 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
@@ -286,7 +286,9 @@ method _next {action} {
 	destroy $w_body
 	if {![winfo exists $w_next]} {
 		${NS}::button $w_next -default active
-		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 -before $w_quit
+		set pos -before
+		if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { set pos -after }
+		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 $pos $w_quit
 	}
 	_do_$action $this
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
index ec4405567a..30d9a79776 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
@@ -764,8 +764,15 @@ proc apply_range_or_line {x y} {
 				# context line
 				set ln [$ui_diff get $i_l $next_l]
 				set patch "$patch$pre_context$ln"
-				set n [expr $n+1]
-				set m [expr $m+1]
+				# Skip the "\ No newline at end of
+				# file". Depending on the locale setting
+				# we don't know what this line looks
+				# like exactly. The only thing we do
+				# know is that it starts with "\ "
+				if {![string match {\\ *} $ln]} {
+					set n [expr $n+1]
+					set m [expr $m+1]
+				}
 				set pre_context {}
 			} elseif {$c1 eq $to_context} {
 				# turn change line into context line
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
index 3c8e73bceb..120bc4064b 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ proc merge_resolve_tool2 {} {
 	}
 	bc3 {
 		if {$base_stage ne {}} {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		} else {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		}
 	}
 	ecmerge {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
index 5e4e7f4c83..4e5c784418 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 	set prune_m $remote_m.prune
 	if {$have_remote > 1} {
 		make_sure_remote_submenues_exist $remote_m
-		if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
+		if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+			&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
 
 			$fetch_m insert end separator
 			$fetch_m insert end command \
@@ -259,7 +260,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 		}
 	} else {
 		if {[winfo exists $fetch_m]} {
-			if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
+			if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+				&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
 
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
diff --git a/git-gui/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
index 40441dbb0d..0aff18691d 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ msgstr "Standard (rapide, semi-redondant, liens durs)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:514
 msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
-msgstr "Copy complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
+msgstr "Copie complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:520
 msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
index f612cb847a..07dfeb8df4 100755
--- a/git-merge-one-file.sh
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
 USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
-LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+LONG_USAGE="usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
 
 Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 cd_to_toplevel
 require_work_tree
 
-if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+if test $# != 7
 then
 	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
 	exit 1
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
 #
 "$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
-	if [ "$2" ]; then
+	if test -n "$2"
+	then
 		echo "Removing $4"
 	else
 		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 		# we do not have it in the index, though.
 		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
 	fi
-	if test -f "$4"; then
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
 		rm -f -- "$4" &&
 		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
 	fi &&
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	echo "Adding $4"
 	if test -f "$4"
 	then
-		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
@@ -78,9 +80,10 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
 #
 ".$3$2")
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
-		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches," >&2
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Adding $4"
@@ -95,44 +98,36 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 
 	case ",$6,$7," in
 	*,120000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	*,160000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	src1=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+	src2=$(git-unpack-file $3)
 	case "$1" in
 	'')
 		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
-		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
-		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
-		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-		@@DIFF@@ -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
-		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-
-		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
-		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
-		expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+		create_virtual_base "$orig" "$src2"
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Auto-merging $4"
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $1)
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
-	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
-	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
 	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
 	ret=$?
 	msg=
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+	if test $ret != 0 || test -z "$1"
+	then
 		msg='content conflict'
+		ret=1
 	fi
 
 	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
@@ -140,26 +135,26 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4" || exit 1
 	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
 
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		if test -n "$msg"
+		then
 			msg="$msg, "
 		fi
 		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
 		ret=1
 	fi
-	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
-		ret=1
-	fi
 
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+	if test $ret != 0
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	exec git update-index -- "$4"
 	;;
 
 *)
-	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3" >&2
 	;;
 esac
 exit 1
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index f013a03506..feee6a4a0d 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,83 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+
+: ${MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=$(git --exec-path)/mergetools}
+
+mode_ok () {
+	if diff_mode
+	then
+		can_diff
+	elif merge_mode
+	then
+		can_merge
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+is_available () {
+	merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$1") &&
+	type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_config_tools () {
+	section=$1
+	line_prefix=${2:-}
+
+	git config --get-regexp $section'\..*\.cmd' |
+	while read -r key value
+	do
+		toolname=${key#$section.}
+		toolname=${toolname%.cmd}
+
+		printf "%s%s\n" "$line_prefix" "$toolname"
+	done
+}
+
+show_tool_names () {
+	condition=${1:-true} per_line_prefix=${2:-} preamble=${3:-}
+	not_found_msg=${4:-}
+	extra_content=${5:-}
+
+	shown_any=
+	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
+		while read toolname
+		do
+			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
+				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
+			then
+				if test -n "$preamble"
+				then
+					printf "%s\n" "$preamble"
+					preamble=
+				fi
+				shown_any=yes
+				printf "%s%s\n" "$per_line_prefix" "$toolname"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$extra_content"
+		then
+			if test -n "$preamble"
+			then
+				# Note: no '\n' here since we don't want a
+				# blank line if there is no initial content.
+				printf "%s" "$preamble"
+				preamble=
+			fi
+			shown_any=yes
+			printf "\n%s\n" "$extra_content"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$preamble" && test -n "$not_found_msg"
+		then
+			printf "%s\n" "$not_found_msg"
+		fi
+
+		test -n "$shown_any"
+	}
+}
+
 diff_mode() {
 	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
 }
@@ -30,61 +108,97 @@ check_unchanged () {
 	fi
 }
 
-valid_tool_config () {
-	if test -n "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	then
-		return 0
-	else
-		return 1
-	fi
+valid_tool () {
+	setup_tool "$1" && return 0
+	cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	test -n "$cmd"
 }
 
-valid_tool () {
-	setup_tool "$1" || valid_tool_config "$1"
+setup_user_tool () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$tool")
+	test -n "$merge_tool_cmd" || return 1
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		status=$?
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		trust_exit_code=$(git config --bool \
+			"mergetool.$1.trustExitCode" || echo false)
+		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
+		then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+		fi
+		return $status
+	}
 }
 
 setup_tool () {
-	case "$1" in
-	vim*|gvim*)
-		tool=vim
-		;;
-	*)
-		tool="$1"
-		;;
-	esac
-	mergetools="$(git --exec-path)/mergetools"
+	tool="$1"
+
+	# Fallback definitions, to be overridden by tools.
+	can_merge () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	can_diff () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	translate_merge_tool_path () {
+		echo "$1"
+	}
 
-	# Load the default definitions
-	. "$mergetools/defaults"
-	if ! test -f "$mergetools/$tool"
+	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 	then
-		return 1
+		setup_user_tool
+		return $?
 	fi
 
 	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$mergetools/$tool"
+	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	# Now let the user override the default command for the tool.  If
+	# they have not done so then this will return 1 which we ignore.
+	setup_user_tool
 
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	elif diff_mode && ! can_diff
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can only be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
 
 get_merge_tool_cmd () {
-	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
 	merge_tool="$1"
 	if diff_mode
 	then
-		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
-			git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "difftool.$merge_tool.cmd" ||
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	else
-		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -95,12 +209,12 @@ run_merge_tool () {
 	GIT_PREFIX=${GIT_PREFIX:-.}
 	export GIT_PREFIX
 
-	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	merge_tool_path=$(get_merge_tool_path "$1") || exit
 	base_present="$2"
 	status=0
 
 	# Bring tool-specific functions into scope
-	setup_tool "$1"
+	setup_tool "$1" || return 1
 
 	if merge_mode
 	then
@@ -113,38 +227,12 @@ run_merge_tool () {
 
 # Run a either a configured or built-in diff tool
 run_diff_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-		return $status
-	else
-		diff_cmd "$1"
-	fi
+	diff_cmd "$1"
 }
 
 # Run a either a configured or built-in merge tool
 run_merge_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
-			mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
-		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
-		then
-			touch "$BACKUP"
-			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-			status=$?
-			check_unchanged
-		else
-			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-			status=$?
-		fi
-		return $status
-	else
-		merge_cmd "$1"
-	fi
+	merge_cmd "$1"
 }
 
 list_merge_tool_candidates () {
@@ -174,22 +262,61 @@ list_merge_tool_candidates () {
 	esac
 }
 
+show_tool_help () {
+	tool_opt="'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-<tool>'"
+
+	tab='	'
+	LF='
+'
+	any_shown=no
+
+	cmd_name=${TOOL_MODE}tool
+	config_tools=$({
+		diff_mode && list_config_tools difftool "$tab$tab"
+		list_config_tools mergetool "$tab$tab"
+	} | sort)
+	extra_content=
+	if test -n "$config_tools"
+	then
+		extra_content="${tab}user-defined:${LF}$config_tools"
+	fi
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"$tool_opt may be set to one of the following:" \
+		"No suitable tool for 'git $cmd_name --tool=<tool>' found." \
+		"$extra_content" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && ! is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"${LF}The following tools are valid, but not currently available:" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	if test "$any_shown" = yes
+	then
+		echo
+		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
+		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
+	fi
+	exit 0
+}
+
 guess_merge_tool () {
 	list_merge_tool_candidates
-	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+	cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+	This message is displayed because '$TOOL_MODE.tool' is not configured.
+	See 'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
+	'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
+	$tools
+	EOF
 
 	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
-	for i in $tools
+	for tool in $tools
 	do
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			echo "$i"
-			return 0
-		fi
+		is_available "$tool" && echo "$tool" && return 0
 	done
 
-	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	echo >&2 "No known ${TOOL_MODE} tool is available."
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +355,7 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 	fi
 	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"
 	then
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")
 	fi
 	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
 		! type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -242,11 +369,11 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 
 get_merge_tool () {
 	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
-	merge_tool="$(get_configured_merge_tool)"
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
 	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
 	if test -z "$merge_tool"
 	then
-		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
 	fi
 	echo "$merge_tool"
 }
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index c50e18a899..332528ff45 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -315,43 +315,6 @@ merge_file () {
 	return 0
 }
 
-show_tool_help () {
-	TOOL_MODE=merge
-	list_merge_tool_candidates
-	unavailable= available= LF='
-'
-	for i in $tools
-	do
-		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			available="$available$i$LF"
-		else
-			unavailable="$unavailable$i$LF"
-		fi
-	done
-	if test -n "$available"
-	then
-		echo "'git mergetool --tool=<tool>' may be set to one of the following:"
-		echo "$available" | sort | sed -e 's/^/	/'
-	else
-		echo "No suitable tool for 'git mergetool --tool=<tool>' found."
-	fi
-	if test -n "$unavailable"
-	then
-		echo
-		echo 'The following tools are valid, but not currently available:'
-		echo "$unavailable" | sort | sed -e 's/^/	/'
-	fi
-	if test -n "$unavailable$available"
-	then
-		echo
-		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
-		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
-	fi
-	exit 0
-}
-
 prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
 
 while test $# != 0
@@ -440,7 +403,7 @@ then
 fi
 
 printf "Merging:\n"
-printf "$files\n"
+printf "%s\n" "$files"
 
 IFS='
 '
diff --git a/git-p4.py b/git-p4.py
index 551aec9417..06a3cc6122 100755
--- a/git-p4.py
+++ b/git-p4.py
@@ -7,10 +7,36 @@
 #            2007 Trolltech ASA
 # License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
 #
-
-import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
-import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
-import re, shutil
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git-p4: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+import os
+import optparse
+import marshal
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import time
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import stat
+
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
+    # Exception classes used by this module.
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
 
 verbose = False
 
@@ -53,12 +79,27 @@ def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
         real_cmd += cmd
     return real_cmd
 
-def chdir(dir):
-    # P4 uses the PWD environment variable rather than getcwd(). Since we're
-    # not using the shell, we have to set it ourselves.  This path could
-    # be relative, so go there first, then figure out where we ended up.
-    os.chdir(dir)
-    os.environ['PWD'] = os.getcwd()
+def chdir(path, is_client_path=False):
+    """Do chdir to the given path, and set the PWD environment
+       variable for use by P4.  It does not look at getcwd() output.
+       Since we're not using the shell, it is necessary to set the
+       PWD environment variable explicitly.
+
+       Normally, expand the path to force it to be absolute.  This
+       addresses the use of relative path names inside P4 settings,
+       e.g. P4CONFIG=.p4config.  P4 does not simply open the filename
+       as given; it looks for .p4config using PWD.
+
+       If is_client_path, the path was handed to us directly by p4,
+       and may be a symbolic link.  Do not call os.getcwd() in this
+       case, because it will cause p4 to think that PWD is not inside
+       the client path.
+       """
+
+    os.chdir(path)
+    if not is_client_path:
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    os.environ['PWD'] = path
 
 def die(msg):
     if verbose:
@@ -152,13 +193,33 @@ def system(cmd):
     expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
     if verbose:
         sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
-    subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
 
 def p4_system(cmd):
     """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
     expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
-    subprocess.check_call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, real_cmd)
+
+_p4_version_string = None
+def p4_version_string():
+    """Read the version string, showing just the last line, which
+       hopefully is the interesting version bit.
+
+       $ p4 -V
+       Perforce - The Fast Software Configuration Management System.
+       Copyright 1995-2011 Perforce Software.  All rights reserved.
+       Rev. P4/NTX86/2011.1/393975 (2011/12/16).
+    """
+    global _p4_version_string
+    if not _p4_version_string:
+        a = p4_read_pipe_lines(["-V"])
+        _p4_version_string = a[-1].rstrip()
+    return _p4_version_string
 
 def p4_integrate(src, dest):
     p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
@@ -533,43 +594,75 @@ def gitBranchExists(branch):
     return proc.wait() == 0;
 
 _gitConfig = {}
-def gitConfig(key, args = None): # set args to "--bool", for instance
+
+def gitConfig(key):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigBool(key):
+    """Return a bool, using git config --bool.  It is True only if the
+       variable is set to true, and False if set to false or not present
+       in the config."""
+
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        argsFilter = ""
-        if args != None:
-            argsFilter = "%s " % args
-        cmd = "git config %s%s" % (argsFilter, key)
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True).strip()
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", "--bool", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        v = s.strip()
+        _gitConfig[key] = v == "true"
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
 def gitConfigList(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config --get-all %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip().split(os.linesep)
+        s = read_pipe(["git", "config", "--get-all", key], ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip().split(os.linesep)
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
-def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes=True):
+    """Find all the branches whose names start with "p4/", looking
+       in remotes or heads as specified by the argument.  Return
+       a dictionary of { branch: revision } for each one found.
+       The branch names are the short names, without any
+       "p4/" prefix."""
+
     branches = {}
 
     cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
     if branchesAreInRemotes:
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
+        cmdline += "--remotes"
     else:
-        cmdline += " --branches"
+        cmdline += "--branches"
 
     for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
         line = line.strip()
 
-        ## only import to p4/
-        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+        # only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/'):
+            continue
+        # special symbolic ref to p4/master
+        if line == "p4/HEAD":
             continue
-        branch = line
 
-        # strip off p4
-        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
+        # strip off p4/ prefix
+        branch = line[len("p4/"):]
 
         branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+
     return branches
 
+def branch_exists(branch):
+    """Make sure that the given ref name really exists."""
+
+    cmd = [ "git", "rev-parse", "--symbolic", "--verify", branch ]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, _ = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode:
+        return False
+    # expect exactly one line of output: the branch name
+    return out.rstrip() == branch
+
 def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
     branches = p4BranchesInGit()
     # map from depot-path to branch name
@@ -671,8 +764,7 @@ def p4PathStartsWith(path, prefix):
     #
     # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
     # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
-    ignorecase = gitConfig("core.ignorecase", "--bool") == "true"
-    if ignorecase:
+    if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
         return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
     return path.startswith(prefix)
 
@@ -688,11 +780,14 @@ def getClientSpec():
     # dictionary of all client parameters
     entry = specList[0]
 
+    # the //client/ name
+    client_name = entry["Client"]
+
     # just the keys that start with "View"
     view_keys = [ k for k in entry.keys() if k.startswith("View") ]
 
     # hold this new View
-    view = View()
+    view = View(client_name)
 
     # append the lines, in order, to the view
     for view_num in range(len(view_keys)):
@@ -742,7 +837,8 @@ def wildcard_encode(path):
     return path
 
 def wildcard_present(path):
-    return path.translate(None, "*#@%") != path
+    m = re.search("[*#@%]", path)
+    return m is not None
 
 class Command:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -901,19 +997,21 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                 optparse.make_option("--dry-run", "-n", dest="dry_run", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--prepare-p4-only", dest="prepare_p4_only", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--conflict", dest="conflict_behavior",
-                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices)
+                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices),
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
         ]
         self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
         self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
         self.origin = ""
         self.detectRenames = False
-        self.preserveUser = gitConfig("git-p4.preserveUser").lower() == "true"
+        self.preserveUser = gitConfigBool("git-p4.preserveUser")
         self.dry_run = False
         self.prepare_p4_only = False
         self.conflict_behavior = None
         self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.exportLabels = False
         self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_move_command()
+        self.branch = None
 
     def check(self):
         if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
@@ -1001,7 +1099,8 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
     def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
         # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
         self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        gitEmail = read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --format='%%ae' %s" % id)
+        gitEmail = read_pipe(["git", "log", "--max-count=1",
+                              "--format=%ae", id])
         gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
         if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
             return (None,gitEmail)
@@ -1014,7 +1113,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
             if not user:
                 msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
-                if gitConfig('git-p4.allowMissingP4Users').lower() == "true":
+                if gitConfigBool("git-p4.allowMissingP4Users"):
                     print "%s" % msg
                 else:
                     die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
@@ -1109,7 +1208,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
            message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
 
         # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit"):
             return True
 
         # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
@@ -1125,7 +1224,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
 
         # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
         # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck"):
             return True
 
         # modification time updated means user saved the file
@@ -1183,6 +1282,9 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                     p4_edit(dest)
                     pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    # turn off read-only attribute
+                    os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                 os.unlink(dest)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
             elif modifier == "R":
@@ -1201,6 +1303,8 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                         p4_edit(dest)   # with move: already open, writable
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
                 if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    if self.isWindows:
+                        os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     os.unlink(dest)
                     filesToDelete.add(src)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
@@ -1220,7 +1324,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
 
             # Patch failed, maybe it's just RCS keyword woes. Look through
             # the patch to see if that's possible.
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup","--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup"):
                 file = None
                 pattern = None
                 kwfiles = {}
@@ -1241,6 +1345,10 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                 for file in kwfiles:
                     if verbose:
                         print "zapping %s with %s" % (line,pattern)
+                    # File is being deleted, so not open in p4.  Must
+                    # disable the read-only bit on windows.
+                    if self.isWindows and file not in editedFiles:
+                        os.chmod(file, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     self.patchRCSKeywords(file, kwfiles[file])
                     fixed_rcs_keywords = True
 
@@ -1450,8 +1558,8 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             for b in body:
                 labelTemplate += "\t" + b + "\n"
             labelTemplate += "View:\n"
-            for mapping in clientSpec.mappings:
-                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % mapping.depot_side.path
+            for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings:
+                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % depot_side
 
             if self.dry_run:
                 print "Would create p4 label %s for tag" % name
@@ -1463,7 +1571,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
 
                 # Use the label
                 p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
-                          ["%s@%s" % (mapping.depot_side.path, changelist) for mapping in clientSpec.mappings])
+                          ["%s@%s" % (depot_side, changelist) for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings])
 
                 if verbose:
                     print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
@@ -1511,7 +1619,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             sys.exit(128)
 
         self.useClientSpec = False
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
             self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -1534,7 +1642,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             new_client_dir = True
             os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
 
-        chdir(self.clientPath)
+        chdir(self.clientPath, is_client_path=True)
         if self.dry_run:
             print "Would synchronize p4 checkout in %s" % self.clientPath
         else:
@@ -1547,11 +1655,11 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         self.check()
 
         commits = []
-        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--no-merges", "%s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)]):
             commits.append(line.strip())
         commits.reverse()
 
-        if self.preserveUser or (gitConfig("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck") == "true"):
+        if self.preserveUser or gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck"):
             self.checkAuthorship = False
         else:
             self.checkAuthorship = True
@@ -1587,7 +1695,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         else:
             self.diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder"):
             self.diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
 
         #
@@ -1650,6 +1758,8 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             print "All commits applied!"
 
             sync = P4Sync()
+            if self.branch:
+                sync.branch = self.branch
             sync.run([])
 
             rebase = P4Rebase()
@@ -1669,7 +1779,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                                            "--format=format:%h %s",  c])
                 print "You will have to do 'git p4 sync' and rebase."
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.exportLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.exportLabels"):
             self.exportLabels = True
 
         if self.exportLabels:
@@ -1679,7 +1789,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             missingGitTags = gitTags - p4Labels
             self.exportGitTags(missingGitTags)
 
-        # exit with error unless everything applied perfecly
+        # exit with error unless everything applied perfectly
         if len(commits) != len(applied):
                 sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -1689,117 +1799,16 @@ class View(object):
     """Represent a p4 view ("p4 help views"), and map files in a
        repo according to the view."""
 
-    class Path(object):
-        """A depot or client path, possibly containing wildcards.
-           The only one supported is ... at the end, currently.
-           Initialize with the full path, with //depot or //client."""
-
-        def __init__(self, path, is_depot):
-            self.path = path
-            self.is_depot = is_depot
-            self.find_wildcards()
-            # remember the prefix bit, useful for relative mappings
-            m = re.match("(//[^/]+/)", self.path)
-            if not m:
-                die("Path %s does not start with //prefix/" % self.path)
-            prefix = m.group(1)
-            if not self.is_depot:
-                # strip //client/ on client paths
-                self.path = self.path[len(prefix):]
-
-        def find_wildcards(self):
-            """Make sure wildcards are valid, and set up internal
-               variables."""
-
-            self.ends_triple_dot = False
-            # There are three wildcards allowed in p4 views
-            # (see "p4 help views").  This code knows how to
-            # handle "..." (only at the end), but cannot deal with
-            # "%%n" or "*".  Only check the depot_side, as p4 should
-            # validate that the client_side matches too.
-            if re.search(r'%%[1-9]', self.path):
-                die("Can't handle %%n wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            if self.path.find("*") >= 0:
-                die("Can't handle * wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            triple_dot_index = self.path.find("...")
-            if triple_dot_index >= 0:
-                if triple_dot_index != len(self.path) - 3:
-                    die("Can handle only single ... wildcard, at end: %s" %
-                        self.path)
-                self.ends_triple_dot = True
-
-        def ensure_compatible(self, other_path):
-            """Make sure the wildcards agree."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot != other_path.ends_triple_dot:
-                 die("Both paths must end with ... if either does;\n" +
-                     "paths: %s %s" % (self.path, other_path.path))
-
-        def match_wildcards(self, test_path):
-            """See if this test_path matches us, and fill in the value
-               of the wildcards if so.  Returns a tuple of
-               (True|False, wildcards[]).  For now, only the ... at end
-               is supported, so at most one wildcard."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                dotless = self.path[:-3]
-                if test_path.startswith(dotless):
-                    wildcard = test_path[len(dotless):]
-                    return (True, [ wildcard ])
-            else:
-                if test_path == self.path:
-                    return (True, [])
-            return (False, [])
-
-        def match(self, test_path):
-            """Just return if it matches; don't bother with the wildcards."""
-            b, _ = self.match_wildcards(test_path)
-            return b
-
-        def fill_in_wildcards(self, wildcards):
-            """Return the relative path, with the wildcards filled in
-               if there are any."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                return self.path[:-3] + wildcards[0]
-            else:
-                return self.path
-
-    class Mapping(object):
-        def __init__(self, depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude):
-            # depot_side is without the trailing /... if it had one
-            self.depot_side = View.Path(depot_side, is_depot=True)
-            self.client_side = View.Path(client_side, is_depot=False)
-            self.overlay = overlay  # started with "+"
-            self.exclude = exclude  # started with "-"
-            assert not (self.overlay and self.exclude)
-            self.depot_side.ensure_compatible(self.client_side)
-
-        def __str__(self):
-            c = " "
-            if self.overlay:
-                c = "+"
-            if self.exclude:
-                c = "-"
-            return "View.Mapping: %s%s -> %s" % \
-                   (c, self.depot_side.path, self.client_side.path)
-
-        def map_depot_to_client(self, depot_path):
-            """Calculate the client path if using this mapping on the
-               given depot path; does not consider the effect of other
-               mappings in a view.  Even excluded mappings are returned."""
-            matches, wildcards = self.depot_side.match_wildcards(depot_path)
-            if not matches:
-                return ""
-            client_path = self.client_side.fill_in_wildcards(wildcards)
-            return client_path
-
-    #
-    # View methods
-    #
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, client_name):
         self.mappings = []
+        self.client_prefix = "//%s/" % client_name
+        # cache results of "p4 where" to lookup client file locations
+        self.client_spec_path_cache = {}
 
     def append(self, view_line):
         """Parse a view line, splitting it into depot and client
-           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order."""
+           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order.  This
+           is only needed for tag creation."""
 
         # Split the view line into exactly two words.  P4 enforces
         # structure on these lines that simplifies this quite a bit.
@@ -1827,76 +1836,62 @@ class View(object):
             depot_side = view_line[0:space_index]
             rhs_index = space_index + 1
 
-        if view_line[rhs_index] == '"':
-            # Second word is double quoted.  Make sure there is a
-            # double quote at the end too.
-            if not view_line.endswith('"'):
-                die("View line with rhs quote should end with one: %s" %
-                    view_line)
-            # skip the quotes
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index+1:-1]
-        else:
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index:]
-
         # prefix + means overlay on previous mapping
-        overlay = False
         if depot_side.startswith("+"):
-            overlay = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        # prefix - means exclude this path
+        # prefix - means exclude this path, leave out of mappings
         exclude = False
         if depot_side.startswith("-"):
             exclude = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        m = View.Mapping(depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude)
-        self.mappings.append(m)
+        if not exclude:
+            self.mappings.append(depot_side)
 
-    def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
-        """Return the relative location in the client where this
-           depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
-           not be mapped in the client."""
+    def convert_client_path(self, clientFile):
+        # chop off //client/ part to make it relative
+        if not clientFile.startswith(self.client_prefix):
+            die("No prefix '%s' on clientFile '%s'" %
+                (self.client_prefix, clientFile))
+        return clientFile[len(self.client_prefix):]
 
-        paths_filled = []
-        client_path = ""
+    def update_client_spec_path_cache(self, files):
+        """ Caching file paths by "p4 where" batch query """
 
-        # look at later entries first
-        for m in self.mappings[::-1]:
+        # List depot file paths exclude that already cached
+        fileArgs = [f['path'] for f in files if f['path'] not in self.client_spec_path_cache]
 
-            # see where will this path end up in the client
-            p = m.map_depot_to_client(depot_path)
+        if len(fileArgs) == 0:
+            return  # All files in cache
 
-            if p == "":
-                # Depot path does not belong in client.  Must remember
-                # this, as previous items should not cause files to
-                # exist in this path either.  Remember that the list is
-                # being walked from the end, which has higher precedence.
-                # Overlap mappings do not exclude previous mappings.
-                if not m.overlay:
-                    paths_filled.append(m.client_side)
+        where_result = p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "where"], stdin=fileArgs)
+        for res in where_result:
+            if "code" in res and res["code"] == "error":
+                # assume error is "... file(s) not in client view"
+                continue
+            if "clientFile" not in res:
+                die("No clientFile from 'p4 where %s'" % depot_path)
+            if "unmap" in res:
+                # it will list all of them, but only one not unmap-ped
+                continue
+            self.client_spec_path_cache[res['depotFile']] = self.convert_client_path(res["clientFile"])
 
-            else:
-                # This mapping matched; no need to search any further.
-                # But, the mapping could be rejected if the client path
-                # has already been claimed by an earlier mapping (i.e.
-                # one later in the list, which we are walking backwards).
-                already_mapped_in_client = False
-                for f in paths_filled:
-                    # this is View.Path.match
-                    if f.match(p):
-                        already_mapped_in_client = True
-                        break
-                if not already_mapped_in_client:
-                    # Include this file, unless it is from a line that
-                    # explicitly said to exclude it.
-                    if not m.exclude:
-                        client_path = p
+        # not found files or unmap files set to ""
+        for depotFile in fileArgs:
+            if depotFile not in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+                self.client_spec_path_cache[depotFile] = ""
 
-                # a match, even if rejected, always stops the search
-                break
+    def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
+        """Return the relative location in the client where this
+           depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
+           not be mapped in the client."""
+
+        if depot_path in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+            return self.client_spec_path_cache[depot_path]
 
-        return client_path
+        die( "Error: %s is not found in client spec path" % depot_path )
+        return ""
 
 class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     delete_actions = ( "delete", "move/delete", "purge" )
@@ -1939,7 +1934,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         self.syncWithOrigin = True
         self.importIntoRemotes = True
         self.maxChanges = ""
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.keepRepoPath = False
         self.depotPaths = None
         self.p4BranchesInGit = []
@@ -2024,6 +2018,10 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         """Look at each depotFile in the commit to figure out to what
            branch it belongs."""
 
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(commit)
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         branches = {}
         fnum = 0
         while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
@@ -2074,9 +2072,13 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             git_mode = "100755"
         if type_base == "symlink":
             git_mode = "120000"
-            # p4 print on a symlink contains "target\n"; remove the newline
+            # p4 print on a symlink sometimes contains "target\n";
+            # if it does, remove the newline
             data = ''.join(contents)
-            contents = [data[:-1]]
+            if data[-1] == '\n':
+                contents = [data[:-1]]
+            else:
+                contents = [data]
 
         if type_base == "utf16":
             # p4 delivers different text in the python output to -G
@@ -2084,7 +2086,14 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
             # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
             # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
+            #
+            # On windows, the newlines will always be mangled by print, so put
+            # them back too.  This is not needed to the cygwin windows version,
+            # just the native "NT" type.
+            #
             text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', file['depotFile']])
+            if p4_version_string().find("/NT") >= 0:
+                text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
             contents = [ text ]
 
         if type_base == "apple":
@@ -2100,15 +2109,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
             return
 
-        # Perhaps windows wants unicode, utf16 newlines translated too;
-        # but this is not doing it.
-        if self.isWindows and type_base == "text":
-            mangled = []
-            for data in contents:
-                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                mangled.append(data)
-            contents = mangled
-
         # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
         # even though in theory somebody may want that.
         pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
@@ -2275,6 +2275,9 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % f['path'])
 
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
 #        gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
         self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
@@ -2503,13 +2506,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
             self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
 
-    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
-        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
-
     def updateOptionDict(self, d):
         option_keys = {}
         if self.keepRepoPath:
@@ -2593,7 +2589,8 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
     def searchParent(self, parent, branch, target):
         parentFound = False
-        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse", "--no-merges", parent]):
+        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse",
+                                     "--no-merges", parent]):
             blob = blob.strip()
             if len(read_pipe(["git", "diff-tree", blob, target])) == 0:
                 parentFound = True
@@ -2664,7 +2661,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
                         blob = None
                         if len(parent) > 0:
-                            tempBranch = os.path.join(self.tempBranchLocation, "%d" % (change))
+                            tempBranch = "%s/%d" % (self.tempBranchLocation, change)
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Creating temporary branch: " + tempBranch
                             self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch)
@@ -2681,6 +2678,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                     files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
                     self.commit(description, files, self.branch,
                                 self.initialParent)
+                    # only needed once, to connect to the previous commit
                     self.initialParent = ""
             except IOError:
                 print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2746,41 +2744,38 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     def run(self, args):
         self.depotPaths = []
         self.changeRange = ""
-        self.initialParent = ""
         self.previousDepotPaths = []
+        self.hasOrigin = False
 
         # map from branch depot path to parent branch
         self.knownBranches = {}
         self.initialParents = {}
-        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
-        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
-            self.hasOrigin = False
 
         if self.importIntoRemotes:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
         else:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
 
-        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
-            system("git fetch origin")
+        if self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print 'Syncing with origin first, using "git fetch origin"'
+                system("git fetch origin")
 
+        branch_arg_given = bool(self.branch)
         if len(self.branch) == 0:
             self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
             if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
                 system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
-                system("git branch -D p4");
-            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
-            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
-                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
+                system("git branch -D p4")
 
         # accept either the command-line option, or the configuration variable
         if self.useClientSpec:
             # will use this after clone to set the variable
             self.useClientSpec_from_options = True
         else:
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
                 self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -2790,12 +2785,25 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         if args == []:
             if self.hasOrigin:
                 createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
-            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
+
+            # branches holds mapping from branch name to sha1
+            branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+
+            # restrict to just this one, disabling detect-branches
+            if branch_arg_given:
+                short = self.branch.split("/")[-1]
+                if short in branches:
+                    self.p4BranchesInGit = [ short ]
+            else:
+                self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
 
             if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
                 if not self.silent:
                     print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
                 self.detectBranches = True
+                for branch in branches.keys():
+                    self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = \
+                        branches[branch]
 
             if self.verbose:
                 print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
@@ -2832,13 +2840,21 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             if p4Change > 0:
                 self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
                 self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
-                if not self.detectBranches:
-                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
                 if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
                     print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
 
+        # accept multiple ref name abbreviations:
+        #    refs/foo/bar/branch -> use it exactly
+        #    p4/branch -> prepend refs/remotes/ or refs/heads/
+        #    branch -> prepend refs/remotes/p4/ or refs/heads/p4/
         if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
-            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                prepend = "refs/remotes/"
+            else:
+                prepend = "refs/heads/"
+            if not self.branch.startswith("p4/"):
+                prepend += "p4/"
+            self.branch = prepend + self.branch
 
         if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2949,8 +2965,21 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             else:
                 # catch "git p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
                 # does not have any existing p4 branches
-                if len(args) == 0 and not self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                    die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.");
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    if not self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                        die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.")
+
+                    # The default branch is master, unless --branch is used to
+                    # specify something else.  Make sure it exists, or complain
+                    # nicely about how to use --branch.
+                    if not self.detectBranches:
+                        if not branch_exists(self.branch):
+                            if branch_arg_given:
+                                die("Error: branch %s does not exist." % self.branch)
+                            else:
+                                die("Error: no branch %s; perhaps specify one with --branch." %
+                                    self.branch)
+
                 if self.verbose:
                     print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
                                                               self.changeRange)
@@ -2968,6 +2997,14 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
                 self.updatedBranches = set()
 
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    if args:
+                        # start a new branch
+                        self.initialParent = ""
+                    else:
+                        # build on a previous revision
+                        self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
+
                 self.importChanges(changes)
 
                 if not self.silent:
@@ -2978,7 +3015,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                             sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
                         sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.importLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.importLabels"):
             self.importLabels = True
 
         if self.importLabels:
@@ -3000,6 +3037,13 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 read_pipe("git update-ref -d %s" % branch)
             os.rmdir(os.path.join(os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", ".git"), self.tempBranchLocation))
 
+        # Create a symbolic ref p4/HEAD pointing to p4/<branch> to allow
+        # a convenient shortcut refname "p4".
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            head_ref = self.refPrefix + "HEAD"
+            if not gitBranchExists(head_ref) and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system(["git", "symbolic-ref", head_ref, self.branch])
+
         return True
 
 class P4Rebase(Command):
@@ -3023,7 +3067,7 @@ class P4Rebase(Command):
         if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
             die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
         if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
-            die("You have uncommited changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
+            die("You have uncommitted changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
 
         [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
         if len(upstream) == 0:
@@ -3089,6 +3133,7 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
         self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
         for p in depotPaths:
             if not p.startswith("//"):
+                sys.stderr.write('Depot paths must start with "//": %s\n' % p)
                 return False
 
         if not self.cloneDestination:
@@ -3103,21 +3148,21 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
         init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
         if self.cloneBare:
             init_cmd.append("--bare")
-        subprocess.check_call(init_cmd)
+        retcode = subprocess.call(init_cmd)
+        if retcode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, init_cmd)
 
         if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
             return False
-        if self.branch != "master":
-            if self.importIntoRemotes:
-                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
-            else:
-                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
-            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
-                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
-                if not self.cloneBare:
-                    system("git checkout -f")
-            else:
-                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
+
+        # create a master branch and check out a work tree
+        if gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+            system([ "git", "branch", "master", self.branch ])
+            if not self.cloneBare:
+                system([ "git", "checkout", "-f" ])
+        else:
+            print 'Not checking out any branch, use ' \
+                  '"git checkout -q -b master <branch>"'
 
         # auto-set this variable if invoked with --use-client-spec
         if self.useClientSpec_from_options:
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 266e682f6c..b946fd975b 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #
 # Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
 
-USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
-LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.'
+USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [--[no-]rebase|--rebase=preserve] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
+LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and integrate it/them with the current HEAD.'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -38,15 +38,19 @@ Please, commit your changes before you can merge.")"
 test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
 test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
 
+bool_or_string_config () {
+	git config --bool "$1" 2>/dev/null || git config "$1"
+}
+
 strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
-merge_args= edit=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules= verify_signatures=
+merge_args= edit= rebase_args=
 curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
-rebase=$(git config --bool branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
+rebase=$(bool_or_string_config branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
 if test -z "$rebase"
 then
-	rebase=$(git config --bool pull.rebase)
+	rebase=$(bool_or_string_config pull.rebase)
 fi
 dry_run=
 while :
@@ -110,6 +114,9 @@ do
 		esac
 		merge_args="$merge_args$xx "
 		;;
+	-r=*|--r=*|--re=*|--reb=*|--reba=*|--rebas=*|--rebase=*)
+		rebase="${1#*=}"
+		;;
 	-r|--r|--re|--reb|--reba|--rebas|--rebase)
 		rebase=true
 		;;
@@ -125,6 +132,12 @@ do
 	--no-recurse-submodules)
 		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
 		;;
+	--verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--no-verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--no-verify-signatures
+		;;
 	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
 		dry_run=--dry-run
 		;;
@@ -139,6 +152,20 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
+case "$rebase" in
+preserve)
+	rebase=true
+	rebase_args=--preserve-merges
+	;;
+true|false|'')
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Invalid value for --rebase, should be true, false, or preserve"
+	usage
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
 error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 	exec >&2
 	for opt
@@ -160,9 +187,8 @@ error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 		op_prep=with
 	fi
 
-	curr_branch=${curr_branch#refs/heads/}
-	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.merge")
-	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
+	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.merge")
+	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.remote")
 
 	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
 		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
@@ -260,10 +286,17 @@ case "$merge_head" in
 	;;
 esac
 
+# Pulling into unborn branch: a shorthand for branching off
+# FETCH_HEAD, for lazy typers.
 if test -z "$orig_head"
 then
-	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
-	git read-tree -m -u HEAD || exit 1
+	# Two-way merge: we claim the index is based on an empty tree,
+	# and try to fast-forward to HEAD.  This ensures we will not
+	# lose index/worktree changes that the user already made on
+	# the unborn branch.
+	empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+	git read-tree -m -u $empty_tree $merge_head &&
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head"
 	exit
 fi
 
@@ -279,11 +312,11 @@ fi
 merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
 case "$rebase" in
 true)
-	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args $rebase_args $verbosity"
 	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
 	;;
 *)
-	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $verify_signatures $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
 	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
 	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head"
 	;;
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
index 9a6ba2b987..8e17525dd8 100755
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ tmp_patch="$tmp_dir/patch"
 tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 
 
-# Find the intial commit
+# Find the initial commit
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
diff --git a/git-rebase--am.sh b/git-rebase--am.sh
index 392ebc9790..34e3102fcb 100644
--- a/git-rebase--am.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--am.sh
@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ case "$action" in
 continue)
 	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	git am --skip --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
 test -n "$rebase_root" && root_flag=--root
 
+ret=0
 if test -n "$keep_empty"
 then
 	# we have to do this the hard way.  git format-patch completely squashes
@@ -25,13 +26,49 @@ then
 	# itself well to recording empty patches.  fortunately, cherry-pick
 	# makes this easy
 	git cherry-pick --allow-empty "$revisions"
+	ret=$?
 else
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+
 	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ \
-		--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
-	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg"
-fi && move_to_original_branch
-
-ret=$?
-test 0 != $ret -a -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
-exit $ret
+		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ --no-renames --no-cover-letter \
+		$root_flag "$revisions" >"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	if test 0 != $ret
+	then
+		rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+		case "$head_name" in
+		refs/heads/*)
+			git checkout -q "$head_name"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git checkout -q "$orig_head"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+		git encountered an error while preparing the patches to replay
+		these revisions:
+
+		    $revisions
+
+		As a result, git cannot rebase them.
+		EOF
+		return $?
+	fi
+
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" <"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+fi
+
+if test 0 != $ret
+then
+	test -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
+	return $ret
+fi
+
+move_to_original_branch
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index 44901d53c4..3c6bed9a28 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ rewritten="$state_dir"/rewritten
 
 dropped="$state_dir"/dropped
 
+end="$state_dir"/end
+msgnum="$state_dir"/msgnum
+
 # A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 # being rebased.
@@ -77,9 +80,24 @@ amend="$state_dir"/amend
 rewritten_list="$state_dir"/rewritten-list
 rewritten_pending="$state_dir"/rewritten-pending
 
+strategy_args=
+if test -n "$do_merge"
+then
+	strategy_args=${strategy:+--strategy=$strategy}
+	eval '
+		for strategy_opt in '"$strategy_opts"'
+		do
+			strategy_args="$strategy_args -X$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "${strategy_opt#--}")"
+		done
+	'
+fi
+
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="$resolvemsg"
 export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
 
+comment_char=$(git config --get core.commentchar 2>/dev/null | cut -c1)
+: ${comment_char:=#}
+
 warn () {
 	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
 }
@@ -105,8 +123,10 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	sed -e 1q < "$todo" >> "$done"
 	sed -e 1d < "$todo" >> "$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	new_count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$done")
-	total=$(($new_count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$todo")))
+	new_count=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$done" | wc -l)
+	echo $new_count >"$msgnum"
+	total=$(($new_count + $(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)))
+	echo $total >"$end"
 	if test "$last_count" != "$new_count"
 	then
 		last_count=$new_count
@@ -116,19 +136,19 @@ mark_action_done () {
 }
 
 append_todo_help () {
-	cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# Commands:
-#  p, pick = use commit
-#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
-#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
-#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
-#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
-#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
-#
-# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
-#
-# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+Commands:
+ p, pick = use commit
+ r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+ e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+ s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+ f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+ x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+
+These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+
+If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
 EOF
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +199,7 @@ die_abort () {
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+	test -n "$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$1")"
 }
 
 is_empty_commit() {
@@ -190,6 +210,11 @@ is_empty_commit() {
 	test "$tree" = "$ptree"
 }
 
+is_merge_commit()
+{
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$1"^2 >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
 # Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE exported from the current environment.
 do_with_author () {
@@ -226,7 +251,7 @@ pick_one () {
 
 	test -d "$rewritten" &&
 		pick_one_preserving_merges "$@" && return
-	output git cherry-pick $empty_args $ff "$@"
+	output eval git cherry-pick "$strategy_args" $empty_args $ff "$@"
 }
 
 pick_one_preserving_merges () {
@@ -327,9 +352,9 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			msg_content="$(commit_message $sha1)"
 			# No point in merging the first parent, that's HEAD
 			new_parents=${new_parents# $first_parent}
-			if ! do_with_author output \
-				git merge --no-ff ${strategy:+-s $strategy} -m \
-					"$msg_content" $new_parents
+			merge_args="--no-log --no-ff"
+			if ! do_with_author output eval \
+			'git merge $merge_args $strategy_args -m "$msg_content" $new_parents'
 			then
 				printf "%s\n" "$msg_content" > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Error redoing merge $sha1"
@@ -337,7 +362,7 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			echo "$sha1 $(git rev-parse HEAD^0)" >> "$rewritten_list"
 			;;
 		*)
-			output git cherry-pick "$@" ||
+			output eval git cherry-pick "$strategy_args" "$@" ||
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not pick $sha1"
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -358,10 +383,10 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	if test -f "$squash_msg"; then
 		mv "$squash_msg" "$squash_msg".bak || exit
 		count=$(($(sed -n \
-			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "1s/^. This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
 			-e "q" < "$squash_msg".bak)+1))
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of $count commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of $count commits."
 			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 				/^$/d
 			}' <"$squash_msg".bak
@@ -370,8 +395,8 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 		commit_message HEAD > "$fixup_msg" || die "Cannot write $fixup_msg"
 		count=2
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
-			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The first commit's message is:"
 			echo
 			cat "$fixup_msg"
 		} >"$squash_msg"
@@ -380,21 +405,22 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	squash)
 		rm -f "$fixup_msg"
 		echo
-		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
 		echo
 		commit_message $2
 		;;
 	fixup)
 		echo
-		echo "# The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
 		echo
-		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		# Change the space after the comment character to TAB:
+		commit_message $2 | git stripspace --comment-lines | sed -e 's/ /	/'
 		;;
 	esac >>"$squash_msg"
 }
 
 peek_next_command () {
-	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$todo"
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | sed -n -e 's/ .*//p' -e q
 }
 
 # A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
@@ -459,7 +485,7 @@ do_next () {
 	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" || exit
 	read -r command sha1 rest < "$todo"
 	case "$command" in
-	'#'*|''|noop)
+	"$comment_char"*|''|noop)
 		mark_action_done
 		;;
 	pick|p)
@@ -614,17 +640,16 @@ do_next () {
 		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$rewritten_list"
 		true # we don't care if this hook failed
 	fi &&
-	rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
-	git gc --auto &&
 	warn "Successfully rebased and updated $head_name."
 
-	exit
+	return 1 # not failure; just to break the do_rest loop
 }
 
+# can only return 0, when the infinite loop breaks
 do_rest () {
 	while :
 	do
-		do_next
+		do_next || break
 	done
 }
 
@@ -647,7 +672,7 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
-		3,#*|3,)
+		3,"$comment_char"*|3,)
 			# copy comments
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -665,6 +690,32 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 	die "Could not skip unnecessary pick commands"
 }
 
+transform_todo_ids () {
+	while read -r command rest
+	do
+		case "$command" in
+		"$comment_char"* | exec)
+			# Be careful for oddball commands like 'exec'
+			# that do not have a SHA-1 at the beginning of $rest.
+			;;
+		*)
+			sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$@" ${rest%% *}) &&
+			rest="$sha1 ${rest#* }"
+			;;
+		esac
+		printf '%s\n' "$command${rest:+ }$rest"
+	done <"$todo" >"$todo.new" &&
+	mv -f "$todo.new" "$todo"
+}
+
+expand_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids
+}
+
+collapse_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids --short
+}
+
 # Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick sha1 msg" and
 # "pick sha1 fixup!/squash! msg" appears in it so that the latter
 # comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
@@ -676,8 +727,22 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 		case "$message" in
 		"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
 			action="${message%%!*}"
-			rest="${message#*! }"
-			echo "$sha1 $action $rest"
+			rest=$message
+			prefix=
+			# skip all squash! or fixup! (but save for later)
+			while :
+			do
+				case "$rest" in
+				"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
+					prefix="$prefix${rest%%!*},"
+					rest="${rest#*! }"
+					;;
+				*)
+					break
+					;;
+				esac
+			done
+			echo "$sha1 $action $prefix $rest"
 			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
 			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
 			# and on sha1 prefix
@@ -686,7 +751,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				if test -n "$fullsha"; then
 					# prefix the action to uniquely identify this line as
 					# intended for full sha1 match
-					echo "$sha1 +$action $fullsha"
+					echo "$sha1 +$action $prefix $fullsha"
 				fi
 			fi
 		esac
@@ -701,7 +766,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 		esac
 		printf '%s\n' "$pick $sha1 $message"
 		used="$used$sha1 "
-		while read -r squash action msg_content
+		while read -r squash action msg_prefix msg_content
 		do
 			case " $used" in
 			*" $squash "*) continue ;;
@@ -717,7 +782,8 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				case "$message" in "$msg_content"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
 			esac
 			if test $emit = 1; then
-				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $action! $msg_content"
+				real_prefix=$(echo "$msg_prefix" | sed "s/,/! /g")
+				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash ${real_prefix}$msg_content"
 				used="$used$squash "
 			fi
 		done <"$1.sq"
@@ -791,26 +857,30 @@ first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
 
 	require_clean_work_tree "rebase"
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 skip)
 	git rerere clear
 
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 edit-todo)
-	sed -e '/^#/d' < "$todo" > "$todo".new
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" >"$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	collapse_todo_ids
 	append_todo_help
-	cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
-# To continue rebase after editing, run:
-#     git rebase --continue
-#
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
+To continue rebase after editing, run:
+    git rebase --continue
+
 EOF
 
 	git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
 		die "Could not execute editor"
+	expand_todo_ids
 
 	exit
 	;;
@@ -823,12 +893,15 @@ comment_for_reflog start
 
 if test ! -z "$switch_to"
 then
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to"
 	output git checkout "$switch_to" -- ||
-		die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+	die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+
+	comment_for_reflog start
 fi
 
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || die "No HEAD?"
-mkdir "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
+mkdir -p "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
 
 : > "$state_dir"/interactive || die "Could not mark as interactive"
 write_basic_state
@@ -874,9 +947,9 @@ git rev-list $merges_option --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit \
 while read -r shortsha1 rest
 do
 
-	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1
+	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1 && ! is_merge_commit $shortsha1
 	then
-		comment_out="# "
+		comment_out="$comment_char "
 	else
 		comment_out=
 	fi
@@ -937,20 +1010,20 @@ test -s "$todo" || echo noop >> "$todo"
 test -n "$autosquash" && rearrange_squash "$todo"
 test -n "$cmd" && add_exec_commands "$todo"
 
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
+cat >>"$todo" <<EOF
 
-# Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
+$comment_char Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
 EOF
 append_todo_help
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
-#
+git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+
 EOF
 
 if test -z "$keep_empty"
 then
-	echo "# Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
+	printf '%s\n' "$comment_char Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
 fi
 
 
@@ -964,8 +1037,11 @@ git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
 has_action "$todo" ||
 	die_abort "Nothing to do"
 
+expand_todo_ids
+
 test -d "$rewritten" || test -n "$force_rebase" || skip_unnecessary_picks
 
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name"
 output git checkout $onto || die_abort "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 do_rest
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index b10f2cf21b..16d18176ec 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ finish_rb_merge () {
 			"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase <"$state_dir"/rewritten
 		fi
 	fi
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
 	say All done.
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ continue)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	read_state
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ skip)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index b2f1c76dc3..226752fbff 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ git-rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo
  Available options are
 v,verbose!         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
 q,quiet!           be quiet. implies --no-stat
+autostash!         automatically stash/stash pop before and after
 onto=!             rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
 p,preserve-merges! try to recreate merges instead of ignoring them
 s,strategy=!       use the given merge strategy
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ apply_dir="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
 verbose=
 diffstat=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.stat)" = true && diffstat=t
+autostash="$(git config --bool rebase.autostash || echo false)"
 git_am_opt=
 rebase_root=
 force_rebase=
@@ -82,6 +84,8 @@ keep_empty=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.autosquash)" = "true" && autosquash=t
 
 read_basic_state () {
+	test -f "$state_dir/head-name" &&
+	test -f "$state_dir/onto" &&
 	head_name=$(cat "$state_dir"/head-name) &&
 	onto=$(cat "$state_dir"/onto) &&
 	# We always write to orig-head, but interactive rebase used to write to
@@ -143,15 +147,50 @@ move_to_original_branch () {
 	esac
 }
 
-run_specific_rebase () {
+finish_rebase () {
+	if test -f "$state_dir/autostash"
+	then
+		stash_sha1=$(cat "$state_dir/autostash")
+		if git stash apply $stash_sha1 2>&1 >/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "$(gettext 'Applied autostash.')"
+		else
+			git stash store -m "autostash" -q $stash_sha1 ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot store \$stash_sha1")"
+			gettext 'Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.
+Your changes are safe in the stash.
+You can run "git stash pop" or "git stash drop" at any time.
+'
+		fi
+	fi
+	git gc --auto &&
+	rm -rf "$state_dir"
+}
+
+run_specific_rebase_internal () {
 	if [ "$interactive_rebase" = implied ]; then
 		GIT_EDITOR=:
 		export GIT_EDITOR
 		autosquash=
 	fi
+	# On FreeBSD, the shell's "return" returns from the current
+	# function, not from the current file inclusion.
+	# run_specific_rebase_internal has the file inclusion as a
+	# last statement, so POSIX and FreeBSD's return will do the
+	# same thing.
 	. git-rebase--$type
 }
 
+run_specific_rebase () {
+	run_specific_rebase_internal
+	ret=$?
+	if test $ret -eq 0
+	then
+		finish_rebase
+	fi
+	exit $ret
+}
+
 run_pre_rebase_hook () {
 	if test -z "$ok_to_skip_pre_rebase" &&
 	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
@@ -241,6 +280,9 @@ do
 	--stat)
 		diffstat=t
 		;;
+	--autostash)
+		autostash=true
+		;;
 	-v)
 		verbose=t
 		diffstat=t
@@ -341,7 +383,7 @@ abort)
 		;;
 	esac
 	output git reset --hard $orig_head
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
+	finish_rebase
 	exit
 	;;
 edit-todo)
@@ -400,7 +442,7 @@ then
 		shift
 		;;
 	esac
-	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
+	upstream=$(peel_committish "${upstream_name}") ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "invalid upstream \$upstream_name")"
 	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
 else
@@ -436,7 +478,7 @@ case "$onto_name" in
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") ||
+	onto=$(peel_committish "$onto_name") ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Does not point to a valid commit: \$onto_name")"
 	;;
 esac
@@ -473,13 +515,25 @@ case "$#" in
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
 	fi
-	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || exit
 	;;
 *)
 	die "BUG: unexpected number of arguments left to parse"
 	;;
 esac
 
+if test "$autostash" = true && ! (require_clean_work_tree) 2>/dev/null
+then
+	stash_sha1=$(git stash create "autostash") ||
+	die "$(gettext 'Cannot autostash')"
+
+	mkdir -p "$state_dir" &&
+	echo $stash_sha1 >"$state_dir/autostash" &&
+	stash_abbrev=$(git rev-parse --short $stash_sha1) &&
+	echo "$(eval_gettext 'Created autostash: $stash_abbrev')" &&
+	git reset --hard
+fi
+
 require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "$(gettext "Please commit or stash them.")"
 
 # Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$orig_head (or with --root,
@@ -497,8 +551,11 @@ then
 	if test -z "$force_rebase"
 	then
 		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
-		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to" --
+		test -z "$switch_to" ||
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to" \
+			git checkout "$switch_to" --
 		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date.")"
+		finish_rebase
 		exit 0
 	else
 		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date, rebase forced.")"
@@ -522,7 +579,9 @@ test "$type" = interactive && run_specific_rebase
 
 # Detach HEAD and reset the tree
 say "$(gettext "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...")"
-git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
+
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name" \
+	git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 
 # If the $onto is a proper descendant of the tip of the branch, then
@@ -531,6 +590,7 @@ if test "$mb" = "$orig_head"
 then
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Fast-forwarded \$branch_name to \$onto_name.")"
 	move_to_original_branch
+	finish_rebase
 	exit 0
 fi
 
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
index f29285c411..236a3521a1 100755
--- a/git-relink.perl
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ sub link_two_files($$) {
 
 
 sub usage() {
-	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
+	print("usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
 	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
 	print("Options\n");
 	print("\t--safe\t" .
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.py b/git-remote-testgit.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f3ebd244d..0000000000
--- a/git-remote-testgit.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# This command is a simple remote-helper, that is used both as a
-# testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
-# show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
-#
-# This is a Git <-> Git importer/exporter, that simply uses git
-# fast-import and git fast-export to consume and produce fast-import
-# streams.
-#
-# To understand better the way things work, one can activate debug
-# traces by setting (to any value) the environment variables
-# GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG and GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT, to see messages
-# from the transport-helper side, or from this example remote-helper.
-
-# hashlib is only available in python >= 2.5
-try:
-    import hashlib
-    _digest = hashlib.sha1
-except ImportError:
-    import sha
-    _digest = sha.new
-import sys
-import os
-import time
-sys.path.insert(0, os.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB","."))
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import die, debug, warn
-from git_remote_helpers.git.repo import GitRepo
-from git_remote_helpers.git.exporter import GitExporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.importer import GitImporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.non_local import NonLocalGit
-
-def get_repo(alias, url):
-    """Returns a git repository object initialized for usage.
-    """
-
-    repo = GitRepo(url)
-    repo.get_revs()
-    repo.get_head()
-
-    hasher = _digest()
-    hasher.update(repo.path)
-    repo.hash = hasher.hexdigest()
-
-    repo.get_base_path = lambda base: os.path.join(
-        base, 'info', 'fast-import', repo.hash)
-
-    prefix = 'refs/testgit/%s/' % alias
-    debug("prefix: '%s'", prefix)
-
-    repo.gitdir = os.environ["GIT_DIR"]
-    repo.alias = alias
-    repo.prefix = prefix
-
-    repo.exporter = GitExporter(repo)
-    repo.importer = GitImporter(repo)
-    repo.non_local = NonLocalGit(repo)
-
-    return repo
-
-
-def local_repo(repo, path):
-    """Returns a git repository object initalized for usage.
-    """
-
-    local = GitRepo(path)
-
-    local.non_local = None
-    local.gitdir = repo.gitdir
-    local.alias = repo.alias
-    local.prefix = repo.prefix
-    local.hash = repo.hash
-    local.get_base_path = repo.get_base_path
-    local.exporter = GitExporter(local)
-    local.importer = GitImporter(local)
-
-    return local
-
-
-def do_capabilities(repo, args):
-    """Prints the supported capabilities.
-    """
-
-    print "import"
-    print "export"
-    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix
-
-    dirname = repo.get_base_path(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks')
-
-    print "*export-marks %s" % path
-    if os.path.exists(path):
-        print "*import-marks %s" % path
-
-    print # end capabilities
-
-
-def do_list(repo, args):
-    """Lists all known references.
-
-    Bug: This will always set the remote head to master for non-local
-    repositories, since we have no way of determining what the remote
-    head is at clone time.
-    """
-
-    for ref in repo.revs:
-        debug("? refs/heads/%s", ref)
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % ref
-
-    if repo.head:
-        debug("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
-        print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head
-    else:
-        debug("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
-        print "@refs/heads/master HEAD"
-
-    print # end list
-
-
-def update_local_repo(repo):
-    """Updates (or clones) a local repo.
-    """
-
-    if repo.local:
-        return repo
-
-    path = repo.non_local.clone(repo.gitdir)
-    repo.non_local.update(repo.gitdir)
-    repo = local_repo(repo, path)
-    return repo
-
-
-def do_import(repo, args):
-    """Exports a fast-import stream from testgit for git to import.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 1:
-        die("Import needs exactly one ref")
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to import")
-
-    ref = args[0]
-    refs = [ref]
-
-    while True:
-        line = sys.stdin.readline()
-        if line == '\n':
-            break
-        if not line.startswith('import '):
-            die("Expected import line.")
-
-        # strip of leading 'import '
-        ref = line[7:].strip()
-        refs.append(ref)
-
-    repo = update_local_repo(repo)
-    repo.exporter.export_repo(repo.gitdir, refs)
-
-    print "done"
-
-
-def do_export(repo, args):
-    """Imports a fast-import stream from git to testgit.
-    """
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to export")
-
-    update_local_repo(repo)
-    changed = repo.importer.do_import(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not repo.local:
-        repo.non_local.push(repo.gitdir)
-
-    for ref in changed:
-        print "ok %s" % ref
-    print
-
-
-COMMANDS = {
-    'capabilities': do_capabilities,
-    'list': do_list,
-    'import': do_import,
-    'export': do_export,
-}
-
-
-def sanitize(value):
-    """Cleans up the url.
-    """
-
-    if value.startswith('testgit::'):
-        value = value[9:]
-
-    return value
-
-
-def read_one_line(repo):
-    """Reads and processes one command.
-    """
-
-    sleepy = os.environ.get("GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY")
-    if sleepy:
-        debug("Sleeping %d sec before readline" % int(sleepy))
-        time.sleep(int(sleepy))
-
-    line = sys.stdin.readline()
-
-    cmdline = line
-
-    if not cmdline:
-        warn("Unexpected EOF")
-        return False
-
-    cmdline = cmdline.strip().split()
-    if not cmdline:
-        # Blank line means we're about to quit
-        return False
-
-    cmd = cmdline.pop(0)
-    debug("Got command '%s' with args '%s'", cmd, ' '.join(cmdline))
-
-    if cmd not in COMMANDS:
-        die("Unknown command, %s", cmd)
-
-    func = COMMANDS[cmd]
-    func(repo, cmdline)
-    sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    return True
-
-
-def main(args):
-    """Starts a new remote helper for the specified repository.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 3:
-        die("Expecting exactly three arguments.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if os.getenv("GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT"):
-        import git_remote_helpers.util
-        git_remote_helpers.util.DEBUG = True
-
-    alias = sanitize(args[1])
-    url = sanitize(args[2])
-
-    if not alias.isalnum():
-        warn("non-alnum alias '%s'", alias)
-        alias = "tmp"
-
-    args[1] = alias
-    args[2] = url
-
-    repo = get_repo(alias, url)
-
-    debug("Got arguments %s", args[1:])
-
-    more = True
-
-    sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'r', 0)
-    while (more):
-        more = read_one_line(repo)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.sh b/git-remote-testgit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6d2f282d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-remote-testgit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+
+alias=$1
+url=$2
+
+dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
+prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
+
+default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+
+refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
+
+test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+
+export GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS"
+then
+	gitmarks="$dir/git.marks"
+	testgitmarks="$dir/testgit.marks"
+	test -e "$gitmarks" || >"$gitmarks"
+	test -e "$testgitmarks" || >"$testgitmarks"
+fi
+
+while read line
+do
+	case $line in
+	capabilities)
+		echo 'import'
+		echo 'export'
+		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
+			echo "*export-marks $gitmarks"
+		fi
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS" && echo "signed-tags"
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE" && echo "no-private-update"
+		echo
+		;;
+	list)
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+		echo "@$head HEAD"
+		echo
+		;;
+	import*)
+		# read all import lines
+		while true
+		do
+			ref="${line#* }"
+			refs="$refs $ref"
+			read line
+			test "${line%% *}" != "import" && break
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "feature import-marks=$gitmarks"
+			echo "feature export-marks=$gitmarks"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			echo "feature done"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		echo "feature done"
+		git fast-export \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			$refs |
+		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+		echo "done"
+		;;
+	export)
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			# consume input so fast-export doesn't get SIGPIPE;
+			# git would also notice that case, but we want
+			# to make sure we are exercising the later
+			# error checks
+			while read line; do
+				test "done" = "$line" && break
+			done
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		before=$(git for-each-ref --format=' %(refname) %(objectname) ')
+
+		git fast-import \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			--quiet
+
+		# figure out which refs were updated
+		git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)' |
+		while read ref a
+		do
+			case "$before" in
+			*" $ref $a "*)
+				continue ;;	# unchanged
+			esac
+			if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			then
+				echo "ok $ref"
+			else
+				echo "error $ref $GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		echo
+		;;
+	'')
+		exit
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
index d566015975..ebf1269d29 100755
--- a/git-request-pull.sh
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -51,8 +51,18 @@ fi
 tag_name=$(git describe --exact "$head^0" 2>/dev/null)
 
 test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
-baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$base"^0) &&
-headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$head"^0) || exit
+
+baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$base"^0)
+if test -z "$baserev"
+then
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $base"
+fi
+
+headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$head"^0)
+if test -z "$headrev"
+then
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $head"
+fi
 
 merge_base=$(git merge-base $baserev $headrev) ||
 die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index 94c7f76a15..3782c3b0cb 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
     --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
     --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
     --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
+                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
+                                     verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ sub do_edit {
 my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
 my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
 my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
-my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
 my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
@@ -203,16 +206,15 @@ my ($compose_encoding);
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;		# Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
-my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
-
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
-    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
     "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
-    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef]
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "smtpserveroption" => \@smtp_server_options,
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
+    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
     "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
     "to" => \@initial_to,
     "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
@@ -240,19 +243,6 @@ my %config_path_settings = (
     "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
 );
 
-# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
-sub chain_reply_to {
-	if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
-	    $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
-		print STDERR
-		    "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
-		    "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
-		    "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
-		$chain_reply_to = 0;
-	}
-	return $chain_reply_to;
-}
-
 # Handle Uncouth Termination
 sub signal_handler {
 
@@ -301,10 +291,11 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
 		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
 		    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
 		    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+		    "smtp-ssl-cert-path" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
@@ -512,8 +503,9 @@ if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
 
 ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
 	return unless $repo;
 	my $f = shift;
 	try {
@@ -529,6 +521,7 @@ to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -540,14 +533,14 @@ while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
 	if ($f eq "--") {
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
-	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
 				sort readdir $dh;
 		closedir $dh;
-	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
 		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -711,7 +704,7 @@ sub ask {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 my %broken_encoding;
@@ -757,6 +750,11 @@ if (!defined $sender) {
 	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
 my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
 	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to (if any)? ",
@@ -833,7 +831,7 @@ sub extract_valid_address {
 	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
 	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
 	return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
@@ -1045,6 +1043,75 @@ sub maildomain {
 	return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
+sub smtp_host_string {
+	if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+		return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+	} else {
+		return $smtp_server;
+	}
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+	# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+	eval {
+		require Authen::SASL;
+		Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+	};
+
+	# TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+	# invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+	# reject credentials.
+	$auth = Git::credential({
+		'protocol' => 'smtp',
+		'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+		'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+		# if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+		# give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+		'password' => $smtp_authpass
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+	});
+
+	return $auth;
+}
+
+sub ssl_verify_params {
+	eval {
+		require IO::Socket::SSL;
+		IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		$smtp_ssl_cert_path = "/etc/ssl/certs";
+	}
+
+	if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	} elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER because the CA path does not exist.\n";
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	}
+}
+
 # Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
 # In actuality, the whole program dies when there
 # is an error sending a message.
@@ -1069,10 +1136,9 @@ sub send_message {
 	if ($cc ne '') {
 		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
 	}
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+	my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
@@ -1089,7 +1155,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 	}
 
 	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	my $raw_from = $sender;
 	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
 		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
 	}
@@ -1150,23 +1216,25 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
 			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
 						      Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						      Port => $smtp_server_port);
+						      Port => $smtp_server_port,
+						      ssl_verify_params());
 		}
 		else {
 			require Net::SMTP;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-						 : $smtp_server,
+			$smtp_server_port ||= 25;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
 						 Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+						 Port => $smtp_server_port);
 			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
 				require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 				$smtp->command('STARTTLS');
 				$smtp->response();
 				if ($smtp->code == 220) {
-					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
-						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
+					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
+									  ssl_verify_params())
+						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".IO::Socket::SSL::errstr();
 					$smtp_encryption = '';
 					# Send EHLO again to receive fresh
 					# supported commands
@@ -1185,31 +1253,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			    defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
 		}
 
-		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-			# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-			# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-			eval {
-				require Authen::SASL;
-				Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-			};
-
-			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-				system "stty -echo";
-
-				do {
-					print "Password: ";
-					$_ = <STDIN>;
-					print "\n";
-				} while (!defined $_);
-
-				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-				system "stty echo";
-			}
-
-			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-		}
+		smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
 		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
@@ -1252,6 +1296,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
+	my $sauthor = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
@@ -1285,27 +1330,30 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		}
 
 		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				$subject = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				$sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
 				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
 				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
 					push @to, $addr;
 				}
 			}
-			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+					my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+					my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+					if ($saddr eq $sender) {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 					} else {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
@@ -1325,7 +1373,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
 				$message_id = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
 
@@ -1352,7 +1400,8 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 			chomp;
 			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
 			chomp $c;
-			if ($c eq $sender) {
+			my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+			if ($sc eq $sender) {
 				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 			} else {
 				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
@@ -1382,7 +1431,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		$subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
 	}
 
-	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+	if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
 		if (defined $author_encoding) {
 			if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1419,7 +1468,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 
 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+		($chain_reply_to || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
 		$message_num == 1)) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
@@ -1436,15 +1485,14 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 sub recipients_cmd {
 	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	my @addresses = ();
-	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
 	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
 	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
 		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
 		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
 		$address = sanitize_address($address);
-		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
 		push @addresses, $address;
 		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
 		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
@@ -1484,7 +1532,7 @@ sub validate_patch {
 			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index 22f0aed6db..e15be51636 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@
 # But we protect ourselves from such a user mistake nevertheless.
 unset CDPATH
 
-# Similarly for IFS
-unset IFS
+# Similarly for IFS, but some shells (e.g. FreeBSD 7.2) are buggy and
+# do not equate an unset IFS with IFS with the default, so here is
+# an explicit SP HT LF.
+IFS=' 	
+'
 
 git_broken_path_fix () {
 	case ":$PATH:" in
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ die () {
 die_with_status () {
 	status=$1
 	shift
-	echo >&2 "$*"
+	printf >&2 '%s\n' "$*"
 	exit "$status"
 }
 
@@ -81,14 +84,14 @@ if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
 else
 	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 	usage() {
-		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		die "usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	}
 
 	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
 	then
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	else
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE
 
 $LONG_USAGE"
 	fi
@@ -246,6 +249,18 @@ clear_local_git_env() {
 	unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)
 }
 
+# Generate a virtual base file for a two-file merge. Uses git apply to
+# remove lines from $1 that are not in $2, leaving only common lines.
+create_virtual_base() {
+	sz0=$(wc -c <"$1")
+	@@DIFF@@ -u -La/"$1" -Lb/"$1" "$1" "$2" | git apply --no-add
+	sz1=$(wc -c <"$1")
+
+	# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+	# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+	expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >"$1"
+}
+
 
 # Platform specific tweaks to work around some commands
 case $(uname -s) in
@@ -298,3 +313,15 @@ then
 	}
 	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
 fi
+
+peel_committish () {
+	case "$1" in
+	:/*)
+		peeltmp=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "${peeltmp}^0"
+		;;
+	*)
+		git rev-parse --verify "${1}^0"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
index bbefdf6424..1e541a2125 100755
--- a/git-stash.sh
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -156,6 +156,41 @@ create_stash () {
 	die "$(gettext "Cannot record working tree state")"
 }
 
+store_stash () {
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-m|--message)
+			shift
+			stash_msg="$1"
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			quiet=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+	test $# = 1 ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "\"$dashless store\" requires one <commit> argument")"
+
+	w_commit="$1"
+	if test -z "$stash_msg"
+	then
+		stash_msg="Created via \"git stash store\"."
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
+	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
+	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit
+	ret=$?
+	test $ret != 0 && test -z $quiet &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot update \$ref_stash with \$w_commit")"
+	return $ret
+}
+
 save_stash () {
 	keep_index=
 	patch_mode=
@@ -227,12 +262,8 @@ save_stash () {
 		clear_stash || die "$(gettext "Cannot initialize stash")"
 
 	create_stash "$stash_msg" $untracked
-
-	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
-	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
-
-	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit ||
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
+	store_stash -m "$stash_msg" -q $w_commit ||
+	die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
 	say Saved working directory and index state "$stash_msg"
 
 	if test -z "$patch_mode"
@@ -546,12 +577,13 @@ clear)
 	clear_stash "$@"
 	;;
 create)
-	if test $# -gt 0 && test "$1" = create
-	then
-		shift
-	fi
+	shift
 	create_stash "$*" && echo "$w_commit"
 	;;
+store)
+	shift
+	store_stash "$@"
+	;;
 drop)
 	shift
 	drop_stash "$@"
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index 2365149d0b..896f1c9b82 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -8,15 +8,19 @@ dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
    or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 . git-parse-remote
 require_work_tree
+wt_prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd_to_toplevel
 
 command=
 branch=
@@ -26,10 +30,12 @@ cached=
 recursive=
 init=
 files=
+remote=
 nofetch=
 update=
 prefix=
 custom_name=
+depth=
 
 # The function takes at most 2 arguments. The first argument is the
 # URL that navigates to the submodule origin repo. When relative, this URL
@@ -104,14 +110,50 @@ resolve_relative_url ()
 	echo "${is_relative:+${up_path}}${remoteurl#./}"
 }
 
+# Resolve a path to be relative to another path.  This is intended for
+# converting submodule paths when git-submodule is run in a subdirectory
+# and only handles paths where the directory separator is '/'.
+#
+# The output is the first argument as a path relative to the second argument,
+# which defaults to $wt_prefix if it is omitted.
+relative_path ()
+{
+	local target curdir result
+	target=$1
+	curdir=${2-$wt_prefix}
+	curdir=${curdir%/}
+	result=
+
+	while test -n "$curdir"
+	do
+		case "$target" in
+		"$curdir/"*)
+			target=${target#"$curdir"/}
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		result="${result}../"
+		if test "$curdir" = "${curdir%/*}"
+		then
+			curdir=
+		else
+			curdir="${curdir%/*}"
+		fi
+	done
+
+	echo "$result$target"
+}
+
 #
 # Get submodule info for registered submodules
 # $@ = path to limit submodule list
 #
 module_list()
 {
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	(
-		git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
+		git ls-files -z --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
 		echo "unmatched pathspec exists"
 	) |
 	perl -e '
@@ -119,6 +161,7 @@ module_list()
 	my ($null_sha1) = ("0" x 40);
 	my @out = ();
 	my $unmatched = 0;
+	$/ = "\0";
 	while (<STDIN>) {
 		if (/^unmatched pathspec/) {
 			$unmatched = 1;
@@ -153,6 +196,32 @@ die_if_unmatched ()
 }
 
 #
+# Print a submodule configuration setting
+#
+# $1 = submodule name
+# $2 = option name
+# $3 = default value
+#
+# Checks in the usual git-config places first (for overrides),
+# otherwise it falls back on .gitmodules.  This allows you to
+# distribute project-wide defaults in .gitmodules, while still
+# customizing individual repositories if necessary.  If the option is
+# not in .gitmodules either, print a default value.
+#
+get_submodule_config () {
+	name="$1"
+	option="$2"
+	default="$3"
+	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
+	if test -z "$value"
+	then
+		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
+	fi
+	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
+}
+
+
+#
 # Map submodule path to submodule name
 #
 # $1 = path
@@ -183,6 +252,7 @@ module_clone()
 	name=$2
 	url=$3
 	reference="$4"
+	depth="$5"
 	quiet=
 	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
 	then
@@ -205,7 +275,7 @@ module_clone()
 		mkdir -p "$gitdir_base"
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
-			git clone $quiet -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
+			git clone $quiet ${depth:+"$depth"} -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
 				--separate-git-dir "$gitdir" "$url" "$sm_path"
 		) ||
 		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$sm_path' failed")"
@@ -239,6 +309,11 @@ module_clone()
 	(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config core.worktree "$rel/$b")
 }
 
+isnumber()
+{
+	n=$(($1 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$n" = "$1"
+}
+
 #
 # Add a new submodule to the working tree, .gitmodules and the index
 #
@@ -249,6 +324,7 @@ module_clone()
 cmd_add()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... add".
+	reference_path=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -265,17 +341,25 @@ cmd_add()
 			;;
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
-			reference="--reference=$2"
+			reference_path=$2
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
-			reference="$1"
+			reference_path="${1#--reference=}"
 			;;
 		--name)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
 			custom_name=$2
 			shift
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -290,6 +374,14 @@ cmd_add()
 		shift
 	done
 
+	if test -n "$reference_path"
+	then
+		is_absolute_path "$reference_path" ||
+		reference_path="$wt_prefix$reference_path"
+
+		reference="--reference=$reference_path"
+	fi
+
 	repo=$1
 	sm_path=$2
 
@@ -302,9 +394,14 @@ cmd_add()
 		usage
 	fi
 
+	is_absolute_path "$sm_path" || sm_path="$wt_prefix$sm_path"
+
 	# assure repo is absolute or relative to parent
 	case "$repo" in
 	./*|../*)
+		test -z "$wt_prefix" ||
+		die "$(gettext "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree")"
+
 		# dereference source url relative to parent's url
 		realrepo=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
 		;;
@@ -372,7 +469,7 @@ Use -f if you really want to add it." >&2
 				echo "$(eval_gettext "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '\$sm_name'.")"
 			fi
 		fi
-		module_clone "$sm_path" "$sm_name" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		module_clone "$sm_path" "$sm_name" "$realrepo" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
 			cd "$sm_path" &&
@@ -390,6 +487,10 @@ Use -f if you really want to add it." >&2
 
 	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
 	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 }
@@ -434,21 +535,23 @@ cmd_foreach()
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$displaypath'")"
 			name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
 			(
 				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
 				clear_local_git_env
-				# we make $path available to scripts ...
-				path=$sm_path
 				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				sm_path=$(relative_path "$sm_path") &&
+				# we make $path available to scripts ...
+				path=$sm_path &&
 				eval "$@" &&
 				if test -n "$recursive"
 				then
 					cmd_foreach "--recursive" "$@"
 				fi
 			) <&3 3<&- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$prefix\$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status.")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -487,12 +590,14 @@ cmd_init()
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
 		# Copy url setting when it is not set yet
 		if test -z "$(git config "submodule.$name.url")"
 		then
 			url=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".url)
 			test -z "$url" &&
-			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$sm_path' in .gitmodules")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$displaypath' in .gitmodules")"
 
 			# Possibly a url relative to parent
 			case "$url" in
@@ -501,9 +606,9 @@ cmd_init()
 				;;
 			esac
 			git config submodule."$name".url "$url" ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$sm_path'")"
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$displaypath'")"
 		fi
 
 		# Copy "update" setting when it is not set yet
@@ -511,7 +616,85 @@ cmd_init()
 		test -z "$upd" ||
 		test -n "$(git config submodule."$name".update)" ||
 		git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+	done
+}
+
+#
+# Unregister submodules from .git/config and remove their work tree
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (use '.' to deinit all submodules)
+#
+cmd_deinit()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... deinit".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-f|--force)
+			force=$1
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules")"
+	fi
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
+	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
+		# Remove the submodule work tree (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -d "$sm_path"
+		then
+			# Protect submodules containing a .git directory
+			if test -d "$sm_path/.git"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains a .git directory")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)")"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				git rm -qn "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to discard them")"
+			fi
+			rm -rf "$sm_path" &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Cleared directory '\$displaypath'")" ||
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Could not remove submodule work tree '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		mkdir "$sm_path" || say "$(eval_gettext "Could not create empty submodule directory '\$displaypath'")"
+
+		# Remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -n "$(git config --get-regexp submodule."$name\.")"
+		then
+			# Remove the whole section so we have a clean state when
+			# the user later decides to init this submodule again
+			url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+			git config --remove-section submodule."$name" 2>/dev/null &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) unregistered for path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
 	done
 }
 
@@ -533,6 +716,9 @@ cmd_update()
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
 			;;
+		--remote)
+			remote=1
+			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
@@ -560,6 +746,14 @@ cmd_update()
 		--checkout)
 			update="checkout"
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -588,11 +782,12 @@ cmd_update()
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
-			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $sm_path"
+			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $prefix$sm_path"
 			continue
 		fi
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		branch=$(get_submodule_config "$name" branch master)
 		if ! test -z "$update"
 		then
 			update_module=$update
@@ -600,9 +795,11 @@ cmd_update()
 			update_module=$(git config submodule."$name".update)
 		fi
 
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+
 		if test "$update_module" = "none"
 		then
-			echo "Skipping submodule '$sm_path'"
+			echo "Skipping submodule '$displaypath'"
 			continue
 		fi
 
@@ -611,20 +808,34 @@ cmd_update()
 			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
 			# path have been specified
 			test "$#" != "0" &&
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path' not initialized
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath' not initialized
 Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			continue
 		fi
 
 		if ! test -d "$sm_path"/.git -o -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			module_clone "$sm_path" "$name" "$url" "$reference" || exit
+			module_clone "$sm_path" "$name" "$url" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 			cloned_modules="$cloned_modules;$name"
 			subsha1=
 		else
 			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$remote"
+		then
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				# Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
+				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git-fetch) ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			fi
+			remote_name=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+			sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify "${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current ${remote_name}/${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 
 		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1" -o -n "$force"
@@ -643,7 +854,7 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 					( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
 					 test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
-				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 			fi
 
 			# Is this something we just cloned?
@@ -657,20 +868,26 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			case "$update_module" in
 			rebase)
 				command="git rebase"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			merge)
 				command="git merge"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				must_die_on_failure=yes
+				;;
+			!*)
+				command="${update_module#!}"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Execution of '\$command \$sha1' failed in submodule  path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': '\$command \$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			*)
 				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': checked out '\$sha1'")"
 				;;
 			esac
 
@@ -688,11 +905,16 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags")
+			(
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+				clear_local_git_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_update "$orig_flags"
+			)
 			res=$?
 			if test $res -gt 0
 			then
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 				if test $res -eq 1
 				then
 					err="${err};$die_msg"
@@ -760,14 +982,14 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			for_status="$1"
 			;;
 		-n|--summary-limit)
-			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
-			then
-				:
-			else
-				usage
-			fi
+			summary_limit="$2"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
 			shift
 			;;
+		--summary-limit=*)
+			summary_limit="${1#--summary-limit=}"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -806,16 +1028,24 @@ cmd_summary() {
 	fi
 
 	cd_to_toplevel
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	# Get modified modules cared by user
 	modules=$(git $diff_cmd $cached --ignore-submodules=dirty --raw $head -- "$@" |
 		sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
-		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status sm_path
 		do
 			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
-			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$sm_path" && continue
+			# Respect the ignore setting for --for-status.
+			if test -n "$for_status"
+			then
+				name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
+				ignore_config=$(get_submodule_config "$name" ignore none)
+				test $status != A -a $ignore_config = all && continue
+			fi
 			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
-			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-			echo "$name"
+			GIT_DIR="$sm_path/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			echo "$sm_path"
 		done
 	)
 
@@ -855,16 +1085,18 @@ cmd_summary() {
 		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null &&
 		missing_dst=t
 
+		display_name=$(relative_path "$name")
+
 		total_commits=
 		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
 		t,)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
 			;;
 		,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		t,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		*)
 			errmsg=
@@ -893,12 +1125,12 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			submodule="$(gettext "submodule")"
 			if test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
 			else
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
 			fi
 		else
-			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+			echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
 		fi
 		if test -n "$errmsg"
 		then
@@ -924,18 +1156,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			echo
 		fi
 		echo
-	done |
-	if test -n "$for_status"; then
-		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
-			gettextln "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-		else
-			gettextln "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-		fi
-		echo "#"
-		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
-	else
-		cat
-	fi
+	done
 }
 #
 # List all submodules, prefixed with:
@@ -982,7 +1203,7 @@ cmd_status()
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
-		displaypath="$prefix$sm_path"
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
 			say "U$sha1 $displaypath"
@@ -993,16 +1214,16 @@ cmd_status()
 			say "-$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue;
 		fi
-		set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$sm_path"
 		then
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say " $sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		else
 			if test -z "$cached"
 			then
 				sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-				set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			fi
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say "+$sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		fi
 
@@ -1077,7 +1298,8 @@ cmd_sync()
 
 		if git config "submodule.$name.url" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$displaypath'")"
 			git config submodule."$name".url "$super_config_url"
 
 			if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
@@ -1108,7 +1330,7 @@ cmd_sync()
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+	add | foreach | init | deinit | update | status | summary | sync)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index bd5266c86b..ff1ce3d351 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ my $cmd_dir_prefix = eval {
 	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
 } || '';
 
-my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
 $Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
 
 if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH} && exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
@@ -114,7 +112,8 @@ my ($_stdin, $_help, $_edit,
 	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
 	$_template, $_shared,
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
-	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_before, $_after,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_parents, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
 	$_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
 
@@ -127,6 +126,7 @@ my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
                     'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
                     'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
                     'ignore-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'include-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex,
                     'ignore-refs=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex );
 my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
 		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'parents' => \$_parents,
 	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
 	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'parents' => \$_parents,
 	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
 	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
@@ -258,7 +260,8 @@ my %cmd = (
 			} ],
 	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
 	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
-			{} ],
+			{ 'before' => \$_before,
+			  'after' => \$_after } ],
 	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
 			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
 			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
@@ -325,27 +328,20 @@ for (my $i = 0; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
 };
 
 # make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
-unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
-	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
-		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
-			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
-			    "but it is not a directory\n";
-		}
-		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-		my $cdup = undef;
-		git_cmd_try {
-			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
-			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
-			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
-			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
-		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
-		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
-		unless (-d $git_dir) {
-			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
-			    "'$cdup'\n";
-		}
-		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-	}
+if ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= ".git";
+} else {
+	my ($git_dir, $cdup);
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$git_dir = command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --git-dir/]);
+	} "Unable to find .git directory\n";
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+		chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+		$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+	} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
 	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
 
@@ -389,7 +385,7 @@ sub usage {
 	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
 	print $fd <<"";
 git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
-Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
 
 	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
 
@@ -477,6 +473,9 @@ sub do_git_init_db {
 	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_paths_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_paths_regex;
+	my $include_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.include-paths", $$include_paths_regex)
+		if defined $$include_paths_regex;
 	my $ignore_refs_regex = \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-refs", $$ignore_refs_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_refs_regex;
@@ -541,7 +540,7 @@ sub cmd_fetch {
 	}
 	my ($remote) = @_;
 	if (@_ > 1) {
-		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+		die "usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
 	}
 	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
 	if ($_fetch_parent) {
@@ -676,12 +675,14 @@ sub merge_revs_into_hash {
 }
 
 sub merge_merge_info {
-	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two) = @_;
+	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two, $ignore_branch) = @_;
 	my %result_hash = ();
 
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_one);
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_two);
 
+	delete $result_hash{$ignore_branch} if $ignore_branch;
+
 	my $result = '';
 	# Sort below is for consistency's sake
 	for my $branchname (sort keys(%result_hash)) {
@@ -702,6 +703,7 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 		my $all_parents_ok = 1;
 		my $aggregate_mergeinfo = '';
 		my $rooturl = $gs->repos_root;
+		my ($target_branch) = $gs->full_pushurl =~ /^\Q$rooturl\E(.*)/;
 
 		if (defined($rewritten_parent)) {
 			# Replace first parent with newly-rewritten version
@@ -733,7 +735,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			# Merge previous mergeinfo values
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $par_mergeinfo, 0);
+								$par_mergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 
 			next if $parent eq $parents[0]; # Skip first parent
 			# Add new changes being placed in tree by merge
@@ -776,7 +779,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			my $newmergeinfo = "$branchpath:" . join(',', @revsin);
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $newmergeinfo, 1);
+								$newmergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 		}
 		if ($all_parents_ok and $aggregate_mergeinfo) {
 			return $aggregate_mergeinfo;
@@ -827,7 +831,7 @@ sub dcommit_rebase {
 sub cmd_dcommit {
 	my $head = shift;
 	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
-	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD/) }
+	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD --/) }
 		'Cannot dcommit with a dirty index.  Commit your changes first, '
 		. "or stash them with `git stash'.\n";
 	$head ||= 'HEAD';
@@ -1170,6 +1174,10 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
 	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
 
+	if ($_parents) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $dst);
+	}
+
 	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
 	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
 		unless $_dry_run;
@@ -1177,6 +1185,17 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 	$gs->fetch_all;
 }
 
+sub mk_parent_dirs {
+	my ($ctx, $parent) = @_;
+	$parent =~ s{/[^/]*$}{};
+
+	if (!eval{$ctx->ls($parent, 'HEAD', 0)}) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $parent);
+		print "Creating parent folder ${parent} ...\n";
+		$ctx->mkdir($parent) unless $_dry_run;
+	}
+}
+
 sub cmd_find_rev {
 	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
 	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
@@ -1191,7 +1210,13 @@ sub cmd_find_rev {
 			    "$head history\n";
 		}
 		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
-		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		if ($_before) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_before($desired_revision, 1);
+		} elsif ($_after) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_after($desired_revision, 1);
+		} else {
+			$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		}
 	} else {
 		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
 		$result = $rev;
@@ -1221,7 +1246,7 @@ sub cmd_rebase {
 		return;
 	}
 	if (command(qw/diff-index HEAD --/)) {
-		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommited changes:\n";
+		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommitted changes:\n";
 		command_noisy('status');
 		exit 1;
 	}
@@ -1405,7 +1430,7 @@ sub cmd_multi_fetch {
 # this command is special because it requires no metadata
 sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
-	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	my $usage = "usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
 	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
 	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
 	my $svn_path = '';
@@ -1907,7 +1932,7 @@ sub cmt_sha2rev_batch {
 sub working_head_info {
 	my ($head, $refs) = @_;
 	my @args = qw/rev-list --first-parent --pretty=medium/;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head);
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head, "--");
 	my $hash;
 	my %max;
 	while (<$fh>) {
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 1e827264b4..1d72ec760e 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ valid_custom_tool()
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
 	firefox | iceweasel | seamonkey | iceape | \
-	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser |\
-	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser | \
+	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | \
+	start | cygstart)
 		;; # happy
 	*)
 		valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
@@ -119,14 +120,18 @@ if test -z "$browser" ; then
 		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
 	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" || test -n "$TERM_PROGRAM"
+	then
 		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
 	fi
 	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
 	if test -x /bin/start; then
 		browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
 	fi
+	# /usr/bin/cygstart indicates Cygwin
+	if test -x /usr/bin/cygstart; then
+		browser_candidates="cygstart $browser_candidates"
+	fi
 
 	for i in $browser_candidates; do
 		init_browser_path $i
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ konqueror)
 		;;
 	esac
 	;;
-w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open)
+w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open|cygstart)
 	"$browser_path" "$@"
 	;;
 start)
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index d33f9b32a2..1188979465 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -4,16 +4,19 @@
 #include "help.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 const char git_usage_string[] =
-	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
+	"git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]\n"
+	"           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
 	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
 	"           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]\n"
-	"           [-c name=value] [--help]\n"
 	"           <command> [<args>]";
 
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
-	N_("See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command.");
+	N_("'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+	   "concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+	   "to read about a specific subcommand or concept.");
 
 static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
 			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-c")) {
@@ -135,6 +139,43 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			git_config_push_parameter((*argv)[1]);
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--glob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--noglob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--icase-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--shallow-file")) {
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			set_alternate_shallow_file((*argv)[0]);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-C")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for -C.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			if (chdir((*argv)[1]))
+				die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", (*argv)[1]);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
 			usage(git_usage_string);
@@ -305,6 +346,8 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "check-ignore", cmd_check_ignore, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "check-mailmap", cmd_check_mailmap, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
 		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
@@ -495,8 +538,9 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 }
 
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **av)
 {
+	const char **argv = (const char **) av;
 	const char *cmd;
 
 	startup_info = &git_startup_info;
@@ -505,6 +549,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!cmd)
 		cmd = "git-help";
 
+	/*
+	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 */
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
 	/*
@@ -536,7 +587,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 		commit_pager_choice();
 		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	cmd = argv[0];
diff --git a/git.rc b/git.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bce6db96a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     MAJOR,MINOR,PATCH,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  MAJOR,MINOR,PATCH,0
+BEGIN
+  BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    BLOCK "040904b0"   /* LANG_ENGLISH/SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US, Unicode CP */
+    BEGIN
+      VALUE "CompanyName", "The Git Development Community\0"
+      VALUE "FileDescription", "Git for Windows\0"
+      VALUE "InternalName", "git\0"
+      VALUE "OriginalFilename", "git.exe\0"
+      VALUE "ProductName", "Git\0"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", GIT_VERSION "\0"
+    END
+  END
+
+  BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+  END
+END
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 2247d5f95a..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/build
-/dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 74b05dc91e..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Makefile for the git_remote_helpers python support modules
-#
-pysetupfile:=setup.py
-
-# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
-DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
-
-ifndef PYTHON_PATH
-	ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	else
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
-	endif
-endif
-ifndef prefix
-	prefix = $(HOME)
-endif
-ifndef V
-	QUIET = @
-	QUIETSETUP = --quiet
-endif
-
-PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
-	 "import sys; \
-	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
-
-all: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
-
-install: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
-
-instlibdir: $(pysetupfile)
-	@echo "$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)/$(PYLIBDIR)"
-
-clean:
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
-	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 00f69cbeda..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Support library package for git remote helpers.
-
-Git remote helpers are helper commands that interfaces with a non-git
-repository to provide automatic import of non-git history into a Git
-repository.
-
-This package provides the support library needed by these helpers..
-The following modules are included:
-
-- git.git - Interaction with Git repositories
-
-- util - General utility functionality use by the other modules in
-         this package, and also used directly by the helpers.
-"""
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ee5f96d4c..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-class GitExporter(object):
-    """An exporter for testgit repositories.
-
-    The exporter simply delegates to git fast-export.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new exporter for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def export_repo(self, base, refs=None):
-        """Exports a fast-export stream for the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-epxort and pipes it through sed
-        to make the refs show up under the prefix rather than the
-        default refs/heads. This is to demonstrate how the export
-        data can be stored under it's own ref (using the refspec
-        capability).
-
-        If None, refs defaults to ["HEAD"].
-        """
-
-        if not refs:
-            refs = ["HEAD"]
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        print "feature relative-marks"
-        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks')):
-            print "feature import-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        print "feature export-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + self.repo.gitpath, "fast-export", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        args.extend(refs)
-
-        p1 = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-
-        args = ["sed", "s_refs/heads/_" + self.repo.prefix + "_g"]
-
-        check_call(args, stdin=p1.stdout)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 007a1bfdf3..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Functionality for interacting with Git repositories.
-
-This module provides classes for interfacing with a Git repository.
-"""
-
-import os
-import re
-import time
-from binascii import hexlify
-from cStringIO import StringIO
-import unittest
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import debug, error, die, start_command, run_command
-
-
-def get_git_dir ():
-    """Return the path to the GIT_DIR for this repo."""
-    args = ("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(args)
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git dir")
-    assert not errors
-    return output.strip()
-
-
-def parse_git_config ():
-    """Return a dict containing the parsed version of 'git config -l'."""
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(("git", "config", "-z", "-l"))
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git configuration")
-    assert not errors
-    return dict([e.split('\n', 1) for e in output.split("\0") if e])
-
-
-def git_config_bool (value):
-    """Convert the given git config string value to True or False.
-
-    Raise ValueError if the given string was not recognized as a
-    boolean value.
-
-    """
-    norm_value = str(value).strip().lower()
-    if norm_value in ("true", "1", "yes", "on", ""):
-        return True
-    if norm_value in ("false", "0", "no", "off", "none"):
-        return False
-    raise ValueError("Failed to parse '%s' into a boolean value" % (value))
-
-
-def valid_git_ref (ref_name):
-    """Return True iff the given ref name is a valid git ref name."""
-    # The following is a reimplementation of the git check-ref-format
-    # command.  The rules were derived from the git check-ref-format(1)
-    # manual page.  This code should be replaced by a call to
-    # check_refname_format() in the git library, when such is available.
-    if ref_name.endswith('/') or \
-       ref_name.startswith('.') or \
-       ref_name.count('/.') or \
-       ref_name.count('..') or \
-       ref_name.endswith('.lock'):
-        return False
-    for c in ref_name:
-        if ord(c) < 0x20 or ord(c) == 0x7f or c in " ~^:?*[":
-            return False
-    return True
-
-
-class GitObjectFetcher(object):
-
-    """Provide parsed access to 'git cat-file --batch'.
-
-    This provides a read-only interface to the Git object database.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self):
-        """Initiate a 'git cat-file --batch' session."""
-        self.queue = []  # List of object names to be submitted
-        self.in_transit = None  # Object name currently in transit
-
-        # 'git cat-file --batch' produces binary output which is likely
-        # to be corrupted by the default "rU"-mode pipe opened by
-        # start_command.  (Mode == "rU" does universal new-line
-        # conversion, which mangles carriage returns.) Therefore, we
-        # open an explicitly binary-safe pipe for transferring the
-        # output from 'git cat-file --batch'.
-        pipe_r_fd, pipe_w_fd = os.pipe()
-        pipe_r = os.fdopen(pipe_r_fd, "rb")
-        pipe_w = os.fdopen(pipe_w_fd, "wb")
-        self.proc = start_command(("git", "cat-file", "--batch"),
-                                  stdout = pipe_w)
-        self.f = pipe_r
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify completed communication with 'git cat-file --batch'."""
-        assert not self.queue
-        assert self.in_transit is None
-        self.proc.stdin.close()
-        assert self.proc.wait() == 0  # Zero exit code
-        assert self.f.read() == ""  # No remaining output
-
-    def _submit_next_object (self):
-        """Submit queue items to the 'git cat-file --batch' process.
-
-        If there are items in the queue, and there is currently no item
-        currently in 'transit', then pop the first item off the queue,
-        and submit it.
-
-        """
-        if self.queue and self.in_transit is None:
-            self.in_transit = self.queue.pop(0)
-            print >> self.proc.stdin, self.in_transit[0]
-
-    def push (self, obj, callback):
-        """Push the given object name onto the queue.
-
-        The given callback function will at some point in the future
-        be called exactly once with the following arguments:
-        - self - this GitObjectFetcher instance
-        - obj  - the object name provided to push()
-        - sha1 - the SHA1 of the object, if 'None' obj is missing
-        - t    - the type of the object (tag/commit/tree/blob)
-        - size - the size of the object in bytes
-        - data - the object contents
-
-        """
-        self.queue.append((obj, callback))
-        self._submit_next_object()  # (Re)start queue processing
-
-    def process_next_entry (self):
-        """Read the next entry off the queue and invoke callback."""
-        obj, cb = self.in_transit
-        self.in_transit = None
-        header = self.f.readline()
-        if header == "%s missing\n" % (obj):
-            cb(self, obj, None, None, None, None)
-            return
-        sha1, t, size = header.split(" ")
-        assert len(sha1) == 40
-        assert t in ("tag", "commit", "tree", "blob")
-        assert size.endswith("\n")
-        size = int(size.strip())
-        data = self.f.read(size)
-        assert self.f.read(1) == "\n"
-        cb(self, obj, sha1, t, size, data)
-        self._submit_next_object()
-
-    def process (self):
-        """Process the current queue until empty."""
-        while self.in_transit is not None:
-            self.process_next_entry()
-
-    # High-level convenience methods:
-
-    def get_sha1 (self, objspec):
-        """Return the SHA1 of the object specified by 'objspec'.
-
-        Return None if 'objspec' does not specify an existing object.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for getting the returned SHA1."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.sha1 = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                # FIXME: Many unused arguments. Could this be cheaper?
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                self.sha1 = sha1
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        return handler.sha1
-
-    def open_obj (self, objspec):
-        """Return a file object wrapping the contents of a named object.
-
-        The caller is responsible for calling .close() on the returned
-        file object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if 'objspec' does not exist in the repo.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for parsing the returned git object."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.contents = StringIO()
-                self.err = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % obj
-                else:
-                    assert size == len(data)
-                    self.contents.write(data)
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        if handler.err:
-            raise KeyError(handler.err)
-        handler.contents.seek(0)
-        return handler.contents
-
-    def walk_tree (self, tree_objspec, callback, prefix = ""):
-        """Recursively walk the given Git tree object.
-
-        Recursively walk all subtrees of the given tree object, and
-        invoke the given callback passing three arguments:
-        (path, mode, data) with the path, permission bits, and contents
-        of all the blobs found in the entire tree structure.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for walking a git tree structure."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser, cb, path, mode = None):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.cb = cb
-                self.path = path
-                self.mode = mode
-                self.err = None
-
-            def parse_tree (self, treedata):
-                """Parse tree object data, yield tree entries.
-
-                Each tree entry is a 3-tuple (mode, sha1, path)
-
-                self.path is prepended to all paths yielded
-                from this method.
-
-                """
-                while treedata:
-                    mode = int(treedata[:6], 10)
-                    # Turn 100xxx into xxx
-                    if mode > 100000:
-                        mode -= 100000
-                    assert treedata[6] == " "
-                    i = treedata.find("\0", 7)
-                    assert i > 0
-                    path = treedata[7:i]
-                    sha1 = hexlify(treedata[i + 1: i + 21])
-                    yield (mode, sha1, self.path + path)
-                    treedata = treedata[i + 21:]
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % (obj)
-                    return
-                assert size == len(data)
-                if t == "tree":
-                    if self.path:
-                        self.path += "/"
-                    # Recurse into all blobs and subtrees
-                    for m, s, p in self.parse_tree(data):
-                        parser.push(s,
-                                    self.__class__(self.parser, self.cb, p, m))
-                elif t == "blob":
-                    self.cb(self.path, self.mode, data)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("Unknown object type '%s'" % (t))
-
-        self.push(tree_objspec, _ObjHandler(self, callback, prefix))
-        self.process()
-
-
-class GitRefMap(object):
-
-    """Map Git ref names to the Git object names they currently point to.
-
-    Behaves like a dictionary of Git ref names -> Git object names.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git ref -> object map."""
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher
-        self._cache = {}  # dict: refname -> objname
-
-    def _load (self, ref):
-        """Retrieve the object currently bound to the given ref.
-
-        The name of the object pointed to by the given ref is stored
-        into this mapping, and also returned.
-
-        """
-        if ref not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[ref] = self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(ref)
-        return self._cache[ref]
-
-    def __contains__ (self, refname):
-        """Return True if the given refname is present in this cache."""
-        return bool(self._load(refname))
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, refname):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            raise KeyError("Unknown ref '%s'" % (refname))
-        return commit
-
-    def get (self, refname, default = None):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            return default
-        return commit
-
-
-class GitFICommit(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate the data in a Git fast-import commit command."""
-
-    SHA1RE = re.compile(r'^[0-9a-f]{40}$')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_mode (cls, mode):
-        """Verify the given git file mode, and return it as a string."""
-        assert mode in (644, 755, 100644, 100755, 120000)
-        return "%i" % (mode)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_objname (cls, objname):
-        """Return the given object name (or mark number) as a string."""
-        if isinstance(objname, int):  # Object name is a mark number
-            assert objname > 0
-            return ":%i" % (objname)
-
-        # No existence check is done, only checks for valid format
-        assert cls.SHA1RE.match(objname)  # Object name is valid SHA1
-        return objname
-
-    @classmethod
-    def quote_path (cls, path):
-        """Return a quoted version of the given path."""
-        path = path.replace("\\", "\\\\")
-        path = path.replace("\n", "\\n")
-        path = path.replace('"', '\\"')
-        return '"%s"' % (path)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_path (cls, path):
-        """Verify that the given path is valid, and quote it, if needed."""
-        assert not isinstance(path, int)  # Cannot be a mark number
-
-        # These checks verify the rules on the fast-import man page
-        assert not path.count("//")
-        assert not path.endswith("/")
-        assert not path.startswith("/")
-        assert not path.count("/./")
-        assert not path.count("/../")
-        assert not path.endswith("/.")
-        assert not path.endswith("/..")
-        assert not path.startswith("./")
-        assert not path.startswith("../")
-
-        if path.count('"') + path.count('\n') + path.count('\\'):
-            return cls.quote_path(path)
-        return path
-
-    def __init__ (self, name, email, timestamp, timezone, message):
-        """Create a new Git fast-import commit, with the given metadata."""
-        self.name = name
-        self.email = email
-        self.timestamp = timestamp
-        self.timezone = timezone
-        self.message = message
-        self.pathops = []  # List of path operations in this commit
-
-    def modify (self, mode, blobname, path):
-        """Add a file modification to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("M",
-                             self.parse_mode(mode),
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def delete (self, path):
-        """Add a file deletion to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("D", self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def copy (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file copy to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("C",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def rename (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file rename to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("R",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def note (self, blobname, commit):
-        """Add a note object to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("N",
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_objname(commit)))
-
-    def deleteall (self):
-        """Delete all files in this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append("deleteall")
-
-
-class TestGitFICommit(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """GitFICommit selftests."""
-
-    def test_basic (self):
-        """GitFICommit basic selftests."""
-
-        def expect_fail (method, data):
-            """Verify that the method(data) raises an AssertionError."""
-            try:
-                method(data)
-            except AssertionError:
-                return
-            raise AssertionError("Failed test for invalid data '%s(%s)'" %
-                                 (method.__name__, repr(data)))
-
-    def test_parse_mode (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_mode() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(644), "644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(755), "755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100644), "100644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100755), "100755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(120000), "120000")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 123)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 600)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "644")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "abc")
-
-    def test_parse_objname (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_objname() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname(1), ":1")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, -1)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("0123456789" * 4),
-                         "0123456789" * 4)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("2468abcdef" * 4),
-                         "2468abcdef" * 4)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname,
-                          "abcdefghij" * 4)
-
-    def test_parse_path (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_path() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("foo/bar"), "foo/bar")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("path/with\n and \" in it"),
-                         '"path/with\\n and \\" in it"')
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo//bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "/foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/./bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/../bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/.")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/..")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "./foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "../foo/bar")
-
-
-class GitFastImport(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate communication with git fast-import."""
-
-    def __init__ (self, f, obj_fetcher, last_mark = 0):
-        """Set up self to communicate with a fast-import process through f."""
-        self.f = f  # File object where fast-import stream is written
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # GitObjectFetcher instance
-        self.next_mark = last_mark + 1  # Next mark number
-        self.refs = set()  # Keep track of the refnames we've seen
-
-    def comment (self, s):
-        """Write the given comment in the fast-import stream."""
-        assert "\n" not in s, "Malformed comment: '%s'" % (s)
-        self.f.write("# %s\n" % (s))
-
-    def commit (self, ref, commitdata):
-        """Make a commit on the given ref, with the given GitFICommit.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this commit.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("""\
-commit %(ref)s
-mark :%(mark)i
-committer %(name)s <%(email)s> %(timestamp)i %(timezone)s
-data %(msgLength)i
-%(msg)s
-""" % {
-    'ref': ref,
-    'mark': self.next_mark,
-    'name': commitdata.name,
-    'email': commitdata.email,
-    'timestamp': commitdata.timestamp,
-    'timezone': commitdata.timezone,
-    'msgLength': len(commitdata.message),
-    'msg': commitdata.message,
-})
-
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-            parent = ref + "^0"
-            if self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(parent):
-                self.f.write("from %s\n" % (parent))
-
-        for op in commitdata.pathops:
-            self.f.write(" ".join(op))
-            self.f.write("\n")
-        self.f.write("\n")
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def blob (self, data):
-        """Import the given blob.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this blob.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("blob\nmark :%i\ndata %i\n%s\n" %
-                     (self.next_mark, len(data), data))
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def reset (self, ref, objname):
-        """Reset the given ref to point at the given Git object."""
-        self.f.write("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n" %
-                     (ref, GitFICommit.parse_objname(objname)))
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-
-
-class GitNotes(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git notes interface, bound to the given notes ref."""
-        self.notes_ref = notes_ref
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # Used to get objects from repo
-        self.imports = []  # list: (objname, note data blob name) tuples
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that self.commit_notes() was called before destruction."""
-        if self.imports:
-            error("Missing call to self.commit_notes().")
-            error("%i notes are not committed!", len(self.imports))
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Return the note data associated with the given git object.
-
-        The note data is returned in string form. If no note is found
-        for the given object, None is returned.
-
-        """
-        try:
-            f = self.obj_fetcher.open_obj("%s:%s" % (self.notes_ref, objname))
-            ret = f.read()
-            f.close()
-        except KeyError:
-            ret = None
-        return ret
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, objname):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            raise KeyError("Object '%s' has no note" % (objname))
-        return blobdata
-
-    def get (self, objname, default = None):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Return given default if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            return default
-        return blobdata
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Tell git fast-import to store data as a note for objname.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        blob containing the given note data.  Also an entry mapping the
-        given object name to the created blob is stored until
-        commit_notes() is called.
-
-        Note that this method only works if it is later followed by a
-        call to self.commit_notes() (which produces the note commit
-        that refers to the blob produced here).
-
-        """
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        gfi.comment("Importing note for object %s" % (objname))
-        mark = gfi.blob(data)
-        self.imports.append((objname, mark))
-
-    def commit_notes (self, gfi, author, message):
-        """Produce a git fast-import note commit for the imported notes.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        commit on the notes ref, introducing the notes previously
-        submitted to import_note().
-
-        """
-        if not self.imports:
-            return
-        commitdata = GitFICommit(author[0], author[1],
-                                 time.time(), "0000", message)
-        for objname, blobname in self.imports:
-            assert isinstance(objname, int) and objname > 0
-            assert isinstance(blobname, int) and blobname > 0
-            commitdata.note(blobname, objname)
-        gfi.commit(self.notes_ref, commitdata)
-        self.imports = []
-
-
-class GitCachedNotes(GitNotes):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes (cached version).
-
-    Only use this class if no caching is done at a higher level.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Set up a caching wrapper around GitNotes."""
-        GitNotes.__init__(self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher)
-        self._cache = {}  # Cache: object name -> note data
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that GitNotes' destructor is called."""
-        GitNotes.__del__(self)
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Extend GitNotes._load() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if objname not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[objname] = GitNotes._load(self, objname)
-        return self._cache[objname]
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Extend GitNotes.import_note() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        assert objname not in self._cache
-        self._cache[objname] = data
-        GitNotes.import_note(self, objname, data, gfi)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c6b595e16..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, check_output
-
-
-class GitImporter(object):
-    """An importer for testgit repositories.
-
-    This importer simply delegates to git fast-import.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new importer for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def get_refs(self, gitdir):
-        """Returns a dictionary with refs.
-        """
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "for-each-ref", "refs/heads"]
-        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n')
-        refs = {}
-        for line in lines:
-            value, name = line.split(' ')
-            name = name.strip('commit\t')
-            refs[name] = value
-        return refs
-
-    def do_import(self, base):
-        """Imports a fast-import stream to the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-import.
-        """
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        if self.repo.local:
-            gitdir = self.repo.gitpath
-        else:
-            gitdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, '.git'))
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        refs_before = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "fast-import", "--quiet", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        refs_after = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        changed = {}
-
-        for name, value in refs_after.iteritems():
-            if refs_before.get(name) == value:
-                continue
-
-            changed[name] = value
-
-        return changed
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e70025095d..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, die, warn
-
-
-class NonLocalGit(object):
-    """Handler to interact with non-local repos.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new non-local handler for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def clone(self, base):
-        """Clones the non-local repo to base.
-
-        Does nothing if a clone already exists.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        # already cloned
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            return path
-
-        os.makedirs(path)
-        args = ["git", "clone", "--bare", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, path]
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        return path
-
-    def update(self, base):
-        """Updates checkout of the non-local repo in base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "fetch", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath]
-        check_call(args)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "update-ref", "refs/heads/master", "FETCH_HEAD"]
-        child = check_call(args)
-
-    def push(self, base):
-        """Pushes from the non-local repo to base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "push", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, "--all"]
-        child = check_call(args)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index acbf8d7785..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-def sanitize(rev, sep='\t'):
-    """Converts a for-each-ref line to a name/value pair.
-    """
-
-    splitrev = rev.split(sep)
-    branchval = splitrev[0]
-    branchname = splitrev[1].strip()
-    if branchname.startswith("refs/heads/"):
-        branchname = branchname[11:]
-
-    return branchname, branchval
-
-def is_remote(url):
-    """Checks whether the specified value is a remote url.
-    """
-
-    prefixes = ["http", "file", "git"]
-
-    for prefix in prefixes:
-        if url.startswith(prefix):
-            return True
-    return False
-
-class GitRepo(object):
-    """Repo object representing a repo.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        """Initializes a new repo at the given path.
-        """
-
-        self.path = path
-        self.head = None
-        self.revmap = {}
-        self.local = not is_remote(self.path)
-
-        if(self.path.endswith('.git')):
-            self.gitpath = self.path
-        else:
-            self.gitpath = os.path.join(self.path, '.git')
-
-        if self.local and not os.path.exists(self.gitpath):
-            os.makedirs(self.gitpath)
-
-    def get_revs(self):
-        """Fetches all revs from the remote.
-        """
-
-        args = ["git", "ls-remote", self.gitpath]
-        path = ".cached_revs"
-        ofile = open(path, "w")
-
-        check_call(args, stdout=ofile)
-        output = open(path).readlines()
-        self.revmap = dict(sanitize(i) for i in output)
-        if "HEAD" in self.revmap:
-            del self.revmap["HEAD"]
-        self.revs = self.revmap.keys()
-        ofile.close()
-
-    def get_head(self):
-        """Determines the head of a local repo.
-        """
-
-        if not self.local:
-            return
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.gitpath, "HEAD")
-        head = open(path).readline()
-        self.head, _ = sanitize(head, ' ')
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg b/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bff8878d1..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[build]
-build_purelib = build/lib
-build_platlib = build/lib
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d434b65cb..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Distutils build/install script for the git_remote_helpers package."""
-
-from distutils.core import setup
-
-setup(
-    name = 'git_remote_helpers',
-    version = '0.1.0',
-    description = 'Git remote helper program for non-git repositories',
-    license = 'GPLv2',
-    author = 'The Git Community',
-    author_email = 'git@vger.kernel.org',
-    url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
-    package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
-    packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
-)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/util.py b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fbbb01b146..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/util.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Misc. useful functionality used by the rest of this package.
-
-This module provides common functionality used by the other modules in
-this package.
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-try:
-    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-except ImportError:
-    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
-    # Exception classes used by this module.
-    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
-        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
-        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
-        returncode attribute."""
-        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
-            self.returncode = returncode
-            self.cmd = cmd
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
-
-
-# Whether or not to show debug messages
-DEBUG = False
-
-def notify(msg, *args):
-    """Print a message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def debug (msg, *args):
-    """Print a debug message to stderr when DEBUG is enabled."""
-    if DEBUG:
-        print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def error (msg, *args):
-    """Print an error message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR:", msg % args
-
-def warn(msg, *args):
-    """Print a warning message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "warning:", msg % args
-
-def die (msg, *args):
-    """Print as error message to stderr and exit the program."""
-    error(msg, *args)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-
-class ProgressIndicator(object):
-
-    """Simple progress indicator.
-
-    Displayed as a spinning character by default, but can be customized
-    by passing custom messages that overrides the spinning character.
-
-    """
-
-    States = ("|", "/", "-", "\\")
-
-    def __init__ (self, prefix = "", f = sys.stdout):
-        """Create a new ProgressIndicator, bound to the given file object."""
-        self.n = 0  # Simple progress counter
-        self.f = f  # Progress is written to this file object
-        self.prev_len = 0  # Length of previous msg (to be overwritten)
-        self.prefix = prefix  # Prefix prepended to each progress message
-        self.prefix_lens = [] # Stack of prefix string lengths
-
-    def pushprefix (self, prefix):
-        """Append the given prefix onto the prefix stack."""
-        self.prefix_lens.append(len(self.prefix))
-        self.prefix += prefix
-
-    def popprefix (self):
-        """Remove the last prefix from the prefix stack."""
-        prev_len = self.prefix_lens.pop()
-        self.prefix = self.prefix[:prev_len]
-
-    def __call__ (self, msg = None, lf = False):
-        """Indicate progress, possibly with a custom message."""
-        if msg is None:
-            msg = self.States[self.n % len(self.States)]
-        msg = self.prefix + msg
-        print >> self.f, "\r%-*s" % (self.prev_len, msg),
-        self.prev_len = len(msg.expandtabs())
-        if lf:
-            print >> self.f
-            self.prev_len = 0
-        self.n += 1
-
-    def finish (self, msg = "done", noprefix = False):
-        """Finalize progress indication with the given message."""
-        if noprefix:
-            self.prefix = ""
-        self(msg, True)
-
-
-def start_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                   stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
-                   stderr = subprocess.PIPE):
-    """Start the given command, and return a subprocess object.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    """
-    env = None
-    if add_env is not None:
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        env.update(add_env)
-    return subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize = 1, stdin = stdin, stdout = stdout,
-                            stderr = stderr, cwd = cwd, shell = shell,
-                            env = env, universal_newlines = True)
-
-
-def run_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                 flag_error = True):
-    """Run the given command to completion, and return its results.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    The results are formatted as a 3-tuple: (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-    If flag_error is enabled, Error messages will be produced if the
-    subprocess terminated with a non-zero exit code and/or stderr
-    output.
-
-    The other arguments are passed on to start_command().
-
-    """
-    process = start_command(args, cwd, shell, add_env)
-    (output, errors) = process.communicate()
-    exit_code = process.returncode
-    if flag_error and errors:
-        error("'%s' returned errors:\n---\n%s---", " ".join(args), errors)
-    if flag_error and exit_code:
-        error("'%s' returned exit code %i", " ".join(args), exit_code)
-    return (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete, then
-    return the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    return subprocess.Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete.  If
-    the exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
-    CalledProcessError.  The CalledProcessError object will have the
-    return code in the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    check_call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return 0
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
-
-    If the exit code was non-zero it raises a CalledProcessError.  The
-    CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode
-    attribute and output in the output attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    >>> check_output(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"])
-    'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18  2007 /dev/null\n'
-
-    The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
-    To capture standard error in the result, use stderr=STDOUT.
-
-    >>> check_output(["/bin/sh", "-c",
-    ...               "ls -l non_existent_file ; exit 0"],
-    ...              stderr=STDOUT)
-    'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
-    """
-    if 'stdout' in kwargs:
-        raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
-    process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
-    output, unused_err = process.communicate()
-    retcode = process.poll()
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return output
-
-
-def file_reader_method (missing_ok = False):
-    """Decorator for simplifying reading of files.
-
-    If missing_ok is True, a failure to open a file for reading will
-    not raise the usual IOError, but instead the wrapped method will be
-    called with f == None.  The method must in this case properly
-    handle f == None.
-
-    """
-    def _wrap (method):
-        """Teach given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-        The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-        (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator
-        will take a filename given as the second argument and promote
-        it to a file object.
-
-        """
-        def _wrapped_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-            if isinstance(filename, file):
-                f = filename
-            else:
-                try:
-                    f = open(filename, 'r')
-                except IOError:
-                    if missing_ok:
-                        f = None
-                    else:
-                        raise
-            try:
-                return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-            finally:
-                if not isinstance(filename, file) and f:
-                    f.close()
-        return _wrapped_method
-    return _wrap
-
-
-def file_writer_method (method):
-    """Decorator for simplifying writing of files.
-
-    Enables the given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-    The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-    (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator will
-    take a filename given as the second argument and promote it to a
-    file object.
-
-    """
-    def _new_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(filename, file):
-            f = filename
-        else:
-            # Make sure the containing directory exists
-            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(filename)
-            if not os.path.isdir(parent_dir):
-                os.makedirs(parent_dir)
-            f = open(filename, 'w')
-        try:
-            return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-        finally:
-            if not isinstance(filename, file):
-                f.close()
-    return _new_method
diff --git a/gitk-git/.gitignore b/gitk-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7ebcaf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/GIT-TCLTK-VARS
+/gitk-wish
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
index e1b6045605..5acdc900ab 100644
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+TRACK_TCLTK = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+
+GIT-TCLTK-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_TCLTK)'; \
+		if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+			echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+			echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+		fi
+
 ## po-file creation rules
 XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
 ifdef NO_MSGFMT
@@ -49,9 +59,9 @@ uninstall::
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
 
 clean::
-	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 
-gitk-wish: gitk
+gitk-wish: gitk GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -65,3 +75,5 @@ $(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
 	@echo Generating catalog $@
 	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
 
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean update-po
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index d93bd990a9..5cd00d80fe 100755
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -1998,6 +1998,9 @@ proc mca {str} {
     return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
 }
 
+proc cleardropsel {w} {
+    $w selection clear
+}
 proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
     global use_ttk
     if {$use_ttk} {
@@ -2007,7 +2010,9 @@ proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
             if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
         }
 	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
-		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args \
+		    -exportselection false]
+	bind $gm <<ComboboxSelected>> [list $gm selection clear]
     } else {
 	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
     }
@@ -2026,6 +2031,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     global highlight_files gdttype
     global searchstring sstring
     global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
     global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
@@ -2161,7 +2169,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
     pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
 
-    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+    set bm_left_data {
 	#define left_width 16
 	#define left_height 16
 	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
@@ -2169,7 +2177,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
 	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+    set bm_right_data {
 	#define right_width 16
 	#define right_height 16
 	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
@@ -2177,11 +2185,24 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
 	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-left-gray -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right-gray -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -command goback -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image [list bm-left disabled bm-left-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image bm-left
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -command goforw -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image [list bm-right disabled bm-right-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image bm-right
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
 
     ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
@@ -2232,7 +2253,8 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
 		[mc "containing:"] \
 		[mc "touching paths:"] \
-		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"] \
+		[mc "changing lines matching:"]]
     trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
     pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
 
@@ -2336,31 +2358,33 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     lappend fglist $ctext
 
     $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
-    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -fore $filesepfgcolor -back $filesepbgcolor
     $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
     $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
     $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
-    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
-    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
-    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
-    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
-    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
-    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
-    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
-    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
-    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
-    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
-    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
-    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
-    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
-    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
-    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 3]
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 4]
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 5]
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 6]
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 7]
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 8]
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 9]
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 10]
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 11]
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 12]
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 13]
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 14]
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 15]
     $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
     set mergemax 16
     $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
     $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
-    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+    $ctext tag conf found -back $foundbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf currentsearchhit -back $currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf wwrap -wrap word
 
     .pwbottom add .bleft
     if {!$use_ttk} {
@@ -2495,10 +2519,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
     bindkey f nextfile
     bind . <F5> updatecommits
-    bind . <Shift-F5> reloadcommits
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 5 reloadcommits
     bind . <F2> showrefs
-    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
-    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 4 {newview 0}
     bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
     bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
     bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
@@ -2523,6 +2546,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
+    bind $ctext <<Selection>> rehighlight_search_results
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -2544,6 +2568,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
 	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
 	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
+	{mc "Revert this commit" command revert}
     }
     $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2646,6 +2671,11 @@ proc bindkey {ev script} {
     }
 }
 
+proc bindmodfunctionkey {mod n script} {
+    bind . <$mod-F$n> $script
+    catch { bind . <$mod-XF86_Switch_VT_$n> $script }
+}
+
 # set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
 # the entry widgets
 proc click {w} {
@@ -2701,8 +2731,16 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
     global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
     global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
     global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global linkfgcolor circleoutlinecolor
     global autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
-    global hideremotes want_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk maxrefs
 
     if {$stuffsaved} return
     if {![winfo viewable .]} return
@@ -2724,6 +2762,7 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
 	puts $f [list set autosellen $autosellen]
 	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
+	puts $f [list set maxrefs $maxrefs]
 	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
 	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
 	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
@@ -2732,13 +2771,37 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
 	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgcolor $uifgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgdisabledcolor $uifgdisabledcolor]
 	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
 	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
+	puts $f [list set mergecolors $mergecolors]
 	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
 	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set foundbgcolor $foundbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set currentsearchhitbgcolor $currentsearchhitbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
 	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+	puts $f [list set headbgcolor $headbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headfgcolor $headfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headoutlinecolor $headoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set remotebgcolor $remotebgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagbgcolor $tagbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagfgcolor $tagfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagoutlinecolor $tagoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set reflinecolor $reflinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepbgcolor $filesepbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepfgcolor $filesepfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverbgcolor $linehoverbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverfgcolor $linehoverfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoveroutlinecolor $linehoveroutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set mainheadcirclecolor $mainheadcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set workingfilescirclecolor $workingfilescirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set indexcirclecolor $indexcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set circlecolors $circlecolors]
+	puts $f [list set linkfgcolor $linkfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set circleoutlinecolor $circleoutlinecolor]
 
 	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
@@ -3309,6 +3372,7 @@ proc sel_flist {w x y} {
     } else {
 	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
     }
+    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
 }
 
 proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
@@ -4595,6 +4659,8 @@ proc do_file_hl {serial} {
 	set gdtargs [concat -- $relative_paths]
     } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
 	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "changing lines matching:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-G$highlight_files"]
     } else {
 	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
 	return
@@ -5903,15 +5969,17 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
     global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
     global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global circleoutlinecolor
 
     # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
     set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
     if {$id eq $nullid} {
-	set ofill red
+	set ofill $workingfilescirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
-	set ofill green
+	set ofill $indexcirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
     }
@@ -5921,21 +5989,21 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     if {$listed <= 2} {
 	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } elseif {$listed == 3} {
 	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } else {
 	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     }
     set circleitem($row) $t
     $canv raise $t
@@ -6323,6 +6391,9 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
     global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
     global linespc lthickness
     global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor
 
     set marks {}
     set ntags 0
@@ -6360,7 +6431,7 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
     }
     set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
-	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+	       -width $lthickness -fill $reflinecolor -tags tag.$id]
     $canv lower $t
     foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
 	set tag_quoted [string map {% %%} $tag]
@@ -6371,13 +6442,14 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	    # draw a tag
 	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
 		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
-		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
+		       -width 1 -outline $tagoutlinecolor -fill $tagbgcolor \
+		       -tags tag.$id]
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
 	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
 	} else {
 	    # draw a head or other ref
 	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
-		set col green
+		set col $headbgcolor
 		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
 		    set font mainfontbold
 		}
@@ -6393,10 +6465,10 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
 		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
 		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
-			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+			-width 0 -fill $remotebgcolor -tags tag.$id
 	    }
 	}
-	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $headfgcolor \
 		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
 	if {$ntags >= 0} {
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
@@ -6777,6 +6849,7 @@ proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
 
 proc setlink {id lk} {
     global curview ctext pendinglinks
+    global linkfgcolor
 
     if {[string range $id 0 1] eq "-g"} {
       set id [string range $id 2 end]
@@ -6794,7 +6867,7 @@ proc setlink {id lk} {
 	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
     }
     if {$known} {
-	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground $linkfgcolor -underline 1
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
@@ -6857,7 +6930,7 @@ proc viewnextline {dir} {
 # add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
 # returns the number of names inserted
 proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
-    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs mainheadid
 
     if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
 	return 0
@@ -6870,24 +6943,54 @@ proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
 	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
 	}
     }
+
+    set sep {}
+    set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+    set nutags 0
+
     if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
-	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
-    } else {
-	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
-	set sep {}
-	foreach ti $tags {
-	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
-	    set lk link$linknum
-	    incr linknum
-	    $ctext tag delete $lk
-	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
-	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
-	    setlink $id $lk
-	    set sep ", "
+	# If we are displaying heads, and there are too many,
+	# see if there are some important heads to display.
+	# Currently this means "master" and the current head.
+	set itags {}
+	if {$var eq "idheads"} {
+	    set utags {}
+	    foreach ti $tags {
+		set hname [lindex $ti 0]
+		set id [lindex $ti 1]
+		if {($hname eq "master" || $id eq $mainheadid) &&
+		    [llength $itags] < $maxrefs} {
+		    lappend itags $ti
+		} else {
+		    lappend utags $ti
+		}
+	    }
+	    set tags $utags
 	}
+	if {$itags ne {}} {
+	    set str [mc "and many more"]
+	    set sep " "
+	} else {
+	    set str [mc "many"]
+	}
+	$ctext insert $pos "$str ([llength $tags])"
+	set nutags [llength $tags]
+	set tags $itags
+    }
+
+    foreach ti $tags {
+	set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	set lk link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+	$ctext tag delete $lk
+	$ctext insert $pos $sep
+	$ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	setlink $id $lk
+	set sep ", "
     }
+    $ctext tag add wwrap "$pos linestart" "$pos lineend"
     $ctext conf -state disabled
-    return [llength $tags]
+    return [expr {[llength $tags] + $nutags}]
 }
 
 # called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
@@ -7519,9 +7622,13 @@ proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
 }
 
 proc gettreediffs {ids} {
-    global treediff treepending
+    global treediff treepending limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 
-    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}]
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	    set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open $cmd r]}]} return
 
     set treepending $ids
     set treediff {}
@@ -7565,17 +7672,7 @@ proc gettreediffline {gdtf ids} {
 	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
     }
     close $gdtf
-    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
-	set flist {}
-	foreach f $treediff {
-	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
-		lappend flist $f
-	    }
-	}
-	set treediffs($ids) $flist
-    } else {
-	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
-    }
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
     unset treepending
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
 	gettree $diffids
@@ -7947,32 +8044,45 @@ proc changediffdisp {} {
     $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
 }
 
-proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
-    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+proc highlightfile {cline} {
+    global cflist cflist_top
+
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
 
-    $ctext yview $loc
     $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
     $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
     $cflist see $cline.0
     set cflist_top $cline
 }
 
+proc highlightfile_for_scrollpos {topidx} {
+    global cmitmode difffilestart
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists difffilestart]} return
+
+    set top [lindex [split $topidx .] 0]
+    if {$difffilestart eq {} || $top < [lindex $difffilestart 0]} {
+	highlightfile 0
+    } else {
+	highlightfile [expr {[bsearch $difffilestart $top] + 2}]
+    }
+}
+
 proc prevfile {} {
     global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set prev 0.0
-    set prevline 1
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    $ctext yview $prev
 	    return
 	}
 	set prev $loc
-	incr prevline
     }
-    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+    $ctext yview $prev
 }
 
 proc nextfile {} {
@@ -7980,11 +8090,9 @@ proc nextfile {} {
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
-    set line 1
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
-	incr line
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    $ctext yview $loc
 	    return
 	}
     }
@@ -8030,7 +8138,6 @@ proc settabs {{firstab {}}} {
 proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
     global ctext searchstring searchdirn
 
-    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
     if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
 	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
 	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
@@ -8043,12 +8150,17 @@ proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
 	}
     }
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
-	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	set here [$ctext search -count mlen $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
 	if {$here ne {}} {
 	    $ctext see $here
+	    set mend "$here + $mlen c"
+	    $ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	    $ctext tag add sel $here $mend
+	    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	    highlightfile_for_scrollpos $here
 	}
-	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
+    rehighlight_search_results
 }
 
 proc dosearch {} {
@@ -8071,9 +8183,12 @@ proc dosearch {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
     }
 }
 
@@ -8097,21 +8212,41 @@ proc dosearchback {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $ml c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
+    }
+}
+
+proc rehighlight_search_results {} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext tag remove currentsearchhit 1.0 end
+
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
 }
 
 proc searchmark {first last} {
     global ctext searchstring
 
+    set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+
     set mend $first.0
     while {1} {
 	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
 	if {$match eq {}} break
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
-	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	if {$sel ne {} && [$ctext compare $match == [lindex $sel 0]]} {
+	    $ctext tag add currentsearchhit $match $mend
+	} else {
+	    $ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -8137,8 +8272,23 @@ proc searchmarkvisible {doall} {
     }
 }
 
+proc suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos {} {
+    global ctext suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]
+}
+
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
-    global searchstring
+    global searchstring cmitmode ctext
+    global suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set topidx [$ctext index @0,0]
+    if {![info exists suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos]
+	|| $topidx ne $suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos} {
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $topidx
+    }
+
+    catch {unset suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos}
 
     .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
@@ -8354,6 +8504,8 @@ proc lineleave {id} {
 proc linehover {} {
     global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
     global canv linespc lthickness
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor
+
     global commitinfo
 
     set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
@@ -8367,10 +8519,11 @@ proc linehover {} {
     set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
-	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+	       -fill $linehoverbgcolor -outline $linehoveroutlinecolor \
+	       -width 1 -tags hover]
     $canv raise $t
     set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
-	       -font mainfont]
+	       -font mainfont -fill $linehoverfgcolor]
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
@@ -8934,12 +9087,13 @@ proc domktag {} {
 proc redrawtags {id} {
     global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
     global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor
 
     if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
     if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
     set row [rowofcommit $id]
     if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
     }
@@ -9196,6 +9350,67 @@ proc cherrypick {} {
     notbusy cherrypick
 }
 
+proc revert {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+    global gitdir
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if { $dheads eq {} || [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] == -1 } {
+       set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is not\
+           included in branch %s -- really revert it?" \
+                      [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+       if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy revert [mc "Reverting"]
+    update
+
+    if [catch {exec git revert --no-edit $rowmenuid} err] {
+        notbusy revert
+        if [regexp {files would be overwritten by merge:(\n(( |\t)+[^\n]+\n)+)}\
+                $err match files] {
+            regsub {\n( |\t)+} $files "\n" files
+            error_popup [mc "Revert failed because of local changes to\
+                the following files:%s Please commit, reset or stash \
+                your changes and try again." $files]
+        } elseif [regexp {error: could not revert} $err] {
+            if [confirm_popup [mc "Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n\
+                Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"]] {
+                # Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+                file delete [file join $gitdir "GITGUI_MSG"]
+                exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+            }
+        } else { error_popup $err }
+        run updatecommits
+        return
+    }
+
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if { $newhead eq $oldhead } {
+        notbusy revert
+        error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+        return
+    }
+
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+
+    if [commitinview $oldhead $curview] {
+        # XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+        insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+        if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+            movehead $newhead $mainhead
+            movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+        }
+        set mainheadid $newhead
+        redrawtags $oldhead
+        redrawtags $newhead
+        selbyid $newhead
+    }
+
+    notbusy revert
+}
+
 proc resethead {} {
     global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
 
@@ -10509,13 +10724,13 @@ proc anctags {id} {
 # including id itself if it has a head.
 proc descheads {id} {
     global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
-    global allparents
+    global allparents arcout
 
     if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
 	return {}
     }
     set aret {}
-    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	# part-way along an arc; check it first
 	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
 	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
@@ -10675,7 +10890,7 @@ proc showtag {tag isnew} {
     set linknum 0
     if {![info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
 	catch {
-           set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
+           set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file -p $tag]
 	}
     }
     if {[info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
@@ -10864,7 +11079,7 @@ proc create_prefs_page {w} {
 proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
     global NS maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges
     global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs
-    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk maxrefs
 
     set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.general]
 
@@ -10893,9 +11108,12 @@ proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
     ${NS}::label $page.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
     spinbox $page.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
     grid x $page.tabstopl $page.tabstop -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags/heads"] \
 	-variable showneartags
     grid x $page.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxrefsl -text [mc "Maximum # tags/heads to show"]
+    spinbox $page.maxrefs -from 1 -to 1000 -width 4 -textvariable maxrefs
+    grid x $page.maxrefsl $page.maxrefs -sticky w
     ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
 	-variable limitdiffs
     grid x $page.ldiff -sticky w
@@ -11533,6 +11751,15 @@ if {[catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]} {
     exit 1
 }
 
+# on OSX bring the current Wish process window to front
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    exec osascript -e [format {
+        tell application "System Events"
+            set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+        end tell
+    } [pid] ]
+}
+
 # Unset GIT_TRACE var if set
 if { [info exists ::env(GIT_TRACE)] } {
     unset ::env(GIT_TRACE)
@@ -11620,22 +11847,47 @@ if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
 set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
     set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set uifgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set uifgdisabledcolor SystemDisabledText
     set bgcolor SystemWindow
-    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set fgcolor SystemWindowText
     set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
 } else {
     set uicolor grey85
+    set uifgcolor black
+    set uifgdisabledcolor "#999"
     set bgcolor white
     set fgcolor black
     set selectbgcolor gray85
 }
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
+set mergecolors {red blue green purple brown "#009090" magenta "#808000" "#009000" "#ff0080" cyan "#b07070" "#70b0f0" "#70f0b0" "#f0b070" "#ff70b0"}
 set ignorespace 0
 set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
+set headbgcolor green
+set headfgcolor black
+set headoutlinecolor black
+set remotebgcolor #ffddaa
+set tagbgcolor yellow
+set tagfgcolor black
+set tagoutlinecolor black
+set reflinecolor black
+set filesepbgcolor #aaaaaa
+set filesepfgcolor black
+set linehoverbgcolor #ffff80
+set linehoverfgcolor black
+set linehoveroutlinecolor black
+set mainheadcirclecolor yellow
+set workingfilescirclecolor red
+set indexcirclecolor green
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+set linkfgcolor blue
+set circleoutlinecolor $fgcolor
+set foundbgcolor yellow
+set currentsearchhitbgcolor orange
 
 # button for popping up context menus
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 2f07a2e2d9..df95e01b90 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,40 +1,50 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-05-16 08:06+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-16 08:12+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:210 gitk:2334
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Färga ord"
+
+#: gitk:215 gitk:2334 gitk:7977 gitk:8010
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Märk upp ord"
+
+#: gitk:312
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:368
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:381
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:384
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,605 +52,625 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:406 gitk:554
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:424 gitk:570
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:484 gitk:4409
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:487 gitk:1625 gitk:4412
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1499
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1719
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:1876
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1911 gitk:4202 gitk:9437 gitk:10979 gitk:11258
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1913 gitk:4204 gitk:8964 gitk:9043 gitk:9159 gitk:9208 gitk:9439
+#: gitk:10980 gitk:11259
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2048
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1981
+#: gitk:2049
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ladda om"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2050
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Läs om referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2051
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2053
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Starta git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2055
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2047
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2059
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2058
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1995
+#: gitk:2063
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
+#: gitk:2064
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
+#: gitk:2065
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1999
+#: gitk:2067
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+#: gitk:2062 gitk:3955
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Visa"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+#: gitk:2072 gitk:2082 gitk:2925
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+#: gitk:2073 gitk:2087
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+#: gitk:2071 gitk:2086
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2164 gitk:8420
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2208
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2246
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2166
+#: gitk:2247
 msgid "next"
 msgstr "nästa"
 
-#: gitk:2167
+#: gitk:2248
 msgid "prev"
 msgstr "föreg"
 
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2249
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2252 gitk:2254 gitk:4570 gitk:4593 gitk:4617 gitk:6592 gitk:6664
+#: gitk:6749
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2255 gitk:3437 gitk:3442 gitk:4646
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2256 gitk:4660
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2257 gitk:4662
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "ändrar rader som matchar:"
+
+#: gitk:2266 gitk:2268 gitk:4649
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4737 gitk:6560
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4619 gitk:4735 gitk:6556
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2270 gitk:2271 gitk:4757 gitk:4787 gitk:4794 gitk:6685 gitk:6753
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2271 gitk:4754 gitk:4787 gitk:6623
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:6753 gitk:7221
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:4759 gitk:4794 gitk:6623 gitk:7156 gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8613
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:7158
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2303
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2311
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2313
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2315
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2317
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2327
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:2333 gitk:7735 gitk:7963
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Rad-diff"
+
+#: gitk:2397
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2399
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2557 gitk:2577
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2558 gitk:2578
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2559 gitk:2579
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2560 gitk:9022
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2561 gitk:9139
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2562 gitk:9196
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2563
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2564
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2565
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2566
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2567
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2568
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2569 gitk:2580
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2570 gitk:2581
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad incheckning -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2571
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ã…ngra denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2587
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2588
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2595
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2596
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2597
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2598
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2605
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2606
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2789
+#: gitk:2927
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:2935 gitk:3000 gitk:9623
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:2956
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:2959
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:2961
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:2962
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:2963
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:2964
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGÃ¥ till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGÃ¥ en incheckning upp"
+#: gitk:2965
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, k\tGÃ¥ en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGÃ¥ en incheckning ned"
+#: gitk:2966
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, j\tGÃ¥ en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+#: gitk:2967
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, h\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:2968
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:2969
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGÃ¥ upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:2970
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGÃ¥ ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:2971
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:2972
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:2973
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:2974
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:2975
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:2976
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:2977
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:2978
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:2979
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:2980
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:2981
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:2982
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:2983
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:2984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:2985
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:2986
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:2987
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:2988
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:2989
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:2990
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:2991
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:2992
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:2993
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:2994
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:2995
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:2996
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3451 gitk:3460
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3473
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3536
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3685
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3699
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3730
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3738
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3763
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3766 gitk:6591
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3798
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3826
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3840
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:3958
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:3962
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:3963
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:3964
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:3965
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:3966
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:3967
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:3968
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:3969
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:3970
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:3971
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:3972
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:3973
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:3974
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:3975
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:3976
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:3977
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:3978
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -648,201 +678,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:3979
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:3980
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:3981
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:3982
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:3983
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:3984
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:3985
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:3986
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:3987
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:3988
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:3989
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:3990
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:3991
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4115
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4123
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4128
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4203
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4294 gitk:4346 gitk:4807 gitk:4821 gitk:6087 gitk:12041 gitk:12042
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Skapat datum"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:4904 gitk:4909
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:4905
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:4912 gitk:4917
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:4913
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5203
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5239
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:6971
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "med många flera"
+
+#: gitk:6974
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7160
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7177 gitk:7183 gitk:8593
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7188
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7197
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7200
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7203
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7742
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8418
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "GÃ¥ till:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8439
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8446
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8456
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8458
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8600 gitk:8615
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8603
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8666
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8668
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:8773 gitk:8779
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:8788 gitk:8793
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:8789 gitk:8794
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:8799 gitk:8802 gitk:8810 gitk:8824 gitk:8833
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:8803
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +880,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:8811
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +888,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:8813
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,131 +896,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:8825 gitk:8834
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:8853
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:8859
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8905
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:8906
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:8911
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:8935
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:8937
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:8946
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:8955
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:8957 gitk:9153
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:8963
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9001
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9024 gitk:9141 gitk:9198
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9033
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9036
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9038
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9042 gitk:9207
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9060
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9074
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9158
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9203
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9226
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9231
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9298
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9303
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9312
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -1000,7 +1030,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9318
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1008,32 +1038,59 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9334 gitk:9392
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9361
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s finns inte på grenen %s -- vill du verkligen ångra?"
+
+#: gitk:9366
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Ã…ngrar"
+
+#: gitk:9374
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av lokala ändringar i följande filer:%s. "
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:9378
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+" Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9421
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9423
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9425
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9428
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9431
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9434
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1041,19 +1098,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9451
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9511
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9564
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9570
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1062,16 +1119,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9601
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9616
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:9912
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1079,206 +1136,223 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:10948
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:10965
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:10968
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11086
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11089
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
+#: gitk:11092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11095
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+#: gitk:11098
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 (längd) automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11108
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+#: gitk:11111
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar/huvuden"
+
+#: gitk:11114
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximalt antal taggar/huvuden att visa"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11117
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11120
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11126 gitk:11273
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11132
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11135
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11137
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11139
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11150
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11153
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11154
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11157
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11158 gitk:11188
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11161
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11162
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11165
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11166
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11170
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11171
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11175
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11177
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11181
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11183
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11187
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11196
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11198
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11199
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11200
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11222
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11231
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allmänt"
+
+#: gitk:11232
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Färger"
+
+#: gitk:11233
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:11283
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:11937
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:11984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:11996
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
+#: gitk:12099
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandorad"
 
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
+
 #~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
 #~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
 
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
index 6d45406797..408f2859d3 100644
--- a/gitweb/INSTALL
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -243,14 +243,11 @@ for gitweb (in gitweb/README), and gitweb.conf(5) manpage.
   GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
   through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
 
-  Note that if per-instance configuration file exists, then system-wide
-  configuration is _not used at all_.  This is quite untypical and suprising
-  behavior.  On the other hand changing current behavior would break backwards
-  compatibility and can lead to unexpected changes in gitweb behavior.
-  Therefore gitweb also looks for common system-wide configuration file,
-  normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf (set during build time using build time
-  configuration variable GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON, set it at runtime using
-  environment variable with the same name).  Settings from per-instance or
+  Note that the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM system-wide configuration file is
+  only used for instances that lack per-instance configuration file.
+  You can use GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON common system-wide configuration
+  file (normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf) to keep common default
+  settings that apply to all instances.  Settings from per-instance or
   system-wide configuration file override those from common system-wide
   configuration file.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 6da4778b73..471dcfb691 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GIT web Interface
 =================
 
-The one working on:
-  http://git.kernel.org/
-
 From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
 
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index 0f207f2e20..68c77f6f8f 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ our $project_maxdepth = "++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++";
 # string of the home link on top of all pages
 our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";
 
+# extra breadcrumbs preceding the home link
+our @extra_breadcrumbs = ();
+
 # name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
 # replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
 our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
@@ -683,7 +686,7 @@ sub evaluate_gitweb_config {
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON++";
 
-	# Protect agains duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
+	# Protect against duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
 	# Only one of $GITWEB_CONFIG and $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is used, so
 	# there possibility of duplication of filename there doesn't matter.
 	$GITWEB_CONFIG = ""        if ($GITWEB_CONFIG eq $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON);
@@ -1086,7 +1089,7 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
 
 	our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
-	our $search_regexp;
+	our $search_regexp = undef;
 	if (defined $searchtext) {
 		if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
 			die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
@@ -1136,7 +1139,7 @@ sub handle_errors_html {
 
 	# to avoid infinite loop where error occurs in die_error,
 	# change handler to default handler, disabling handle_errors_html
-	set_message("Error occured when inside die_error:\n$msg");
+	set_message("Error occurred when inside die_error:\n$msg");
 
 	# you cannot jump out of die_error when called as error handler;
 	# the subroutine set via CGI::Carp::set_message is called _after_
@@ -1556,7 +1559,7 @@ sub sanitize {
 	return undef unless defined $str;
 
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
-	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|($1 =~ /[\t\n\r]/ ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(index("\t\n\r", $1) != -1 ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
 	return $str;
 }
 
@@ -2068,7 +2071,7 @@ sub picon_url {
 	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
 		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
 		$avatar_cache{$email} =
-			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"//www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
 			"$domain/$user/" .
 			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
 	}
@@ -2083,7 +2086,7 @@ sub gravatar_url {
 	my $email = lc shift;
 	my $size = shift;
 	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
-		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+		"//www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
 			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
 	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
 }
@@ -3982,7 +3985,9 @@ sub print_nav_breadcrumbs_path {
 sub print_nav_breadcrumbs {
 	my %opts = @_;
 
-	print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
+	for my $crumb (@extra_breadcrumbs, [ $home_link_str => $home_link ]) {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($crumb->[1])}, $crumb->[0]) . " / ";
+	}
 	if (defined $project) {
 		my @dirname = split '/', $project;
 		my $projectbasename = pop @dirname;
@@ -4030,8 +4035,8 @@ sub print_search_form {
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
 	      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
 	                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
-	      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
-	      " search:\n",
+	      " " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help"),
+			     -title => "search help" }, "?") . " search:\n",
 	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext, -override => 1) . "\n" .
 	      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
 	      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
@@ -5528,23 +5533,30 @@ sub fill_project_list_info {
 
 sub sort_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, $order) = @_;
-	my @projects;
 
-	my %order_info = (
-		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
-		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
-		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
-		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
-	);
-	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
-	return @$projlist unless defined $oi;
-	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
-	} else {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
+	sub order_str {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} };
 	}
 
-	return @projects;
+	sub order_num_then_undef {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub {
+			defined $a->{$key} ?
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? $a->{$key} <=> $b->{$key} : -1) :
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? 1 : 0)
+		};
+	}
+
+	my %orderings = (
+		project => order_str('path'),
+		descr => order_str('descr_long'),
+		owner => order_str('owner'),
+		age => order_num_then_undef('age'),
+	);
+
+	my $ordering = $orderings{$order};
+	return defined $ordering ? sort $ordering @$projlist : @$projlist;
 }
 
 # returns a hash of categories, containing the list of project
@@ -6456,7 +6468,7 @@ sub git_summary {
 	print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
 	print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
 	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n";
-        unless ($omit_owner) {
+        if ($owner and not $omit_owner) {
 	        print  "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
         }
 	if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
@@ -6619,6 +6631,7 @@ sub git_blame_common {
 			$hash_base, '--', $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --porcelain failed");
 	}
+	binmode $fd, ':utf8';
 
 	# incremental blame data returns early
 	if ($format eq 'data') {
@@ -7478,7 +7491,7 @@ sub git_object {
 		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
 			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
 
-		# here errors should not hapen
+		# here errors should not happen
 		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
 		my $line = <$fd>;
diff --git a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
index cb86d2d029..3b4d833823 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
+++ b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@ div.page_path {
 }
 
 div.page_footer {
-	height: 17px;
+	height: 22px;
 	padding: 4px 8px;
 	background-color: #d9d8d1;
 }
 
 div.page_footer_text {
+	line-height: 22px;
 	float: left;
 	color: #555555;
 	font-style: italic;
@@ -548,8 +549,7 @@ a.linenr {
 
 a.rss_logo {
 	float: right;
-	padding: 3px 0px;
-	width: 35px;
+	padding: 3px 5px;
 	line-height: 10px;
 	border: 1px solid;
 	border-color: #fcc7a5 #7d3302 #3e1a01 #ff954e;
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 0863c61800..8b0e87436b 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -96,45 +96,59 @@ int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *sig
 /*
  * Run "gpg" to see if the payload matches the detached signature.
  * gpg_output, when set, receives the diagnostic output from GPG.
+ * gpg_status, when set, receives the status output from GPG.
  */
 int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size,
 			 const char *signature, size_t signature_size,
-			 struct strbuf *gpg_output)
+			 struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status)
 {
 	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
+	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--status-fd=1", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	int fd, ret;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf *pbuf = &buf;
 
 	args_gpg[0] = gpg_program;
 	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("could not create temporary file '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0)
-		return error("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	close(fd);
 
 	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
 	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
 	gpg.in = -1;
+	gpg.out = -1;
 	if (gpg_output)
 		gpg.err = -1;
-	args_gpg[2] = path;
+	args_gpg[3] = path;
 	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
 		unlink(path);
-		return error("could not run gpg.");
+		return error(_("could not run gpg."));
 	}
 
 	write_in_full(gpg.in, payload, payload_size);
 	close(gpg.in);
 
-	if (gpg_output)
+	if (gpg_output) {
 		strbuf_read(gpg_output, gpg.err, 0);
+		close(gpg.err);
+	}
+	if (gpg_status)
+		pbuf = gpg_status;
+	strbuf_read(pbuf, gpg.out, 0);
+	close(gpg.out);
+
 	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(path);
 
+	ret |= !strstr(pbuf->buf, "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG ");
+	strbuf_release(&buf); /* no matter it was used or not */
+
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index b9c36088ce..a85cb5bc97 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 #ifndef GPG_INTERFACE_H
 #define GPG_INTERFACE_H
 
+struct signature_check {
+	char *gpg_output;
+	char *gpg_status;
+	char result; /* 0 (not checked),
+		      * N (checked but no further result),
+		      * U (untrusted good),
+		      * G (good)
+		      * B (bad) */
+	char *signer;
+	char *key;
+};
+
 extern int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key);
-extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output);
+extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status);
 extern int git_gpg_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern void set_signing_key(const char *);
 extern const char *get_signing_key(void);
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index e864fe2c6a..b24d04c406 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -8,34 +8,6 @@
 /* Internal API */
 
 /*
- * Output the next line for a graph.
- * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
- * terminated with a newline.
- *
- * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
- * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
- * graph_update() is called.
- */
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
-
-/*
- * Set up a custom scheme for column colors.
- *
- * The default column color scheme inserts ANSI color escapes to colorize
- * the graph. The various color escapes are stored in an array of strings
- * where each entry corresponds to a color, except for the last entry,
- * which denotes the escape for resetting the color back to the default.
- * When generating the graph, strings from this array are inserted before
- * and after the various column characters.
- *
- * This function allows you to enable a custom array of color escapes.
- * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
- *
- * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
- */
-static void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
-
-/*
  * Output a padding line in the graph.
  * This is similar to graph_next_line().  However, it is guaranteed to
  * never print the current commit line.  Instead, if the commit line is
@@ -90,7 +62,7 @@ enum graph_state {
 static const char **column_colors;
 static unsigned short column_colors_max;
 
-static void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
 {
 	column_colors = colors;
 	column_colors_max = colors_max;
@@ -1144,7 +1116,7 @@ static void graph_output_collapsing_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf
 		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
 }
 
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	switch (graph->state) {
 	case GRAPH_PADDING:
@@ -1227,7 +1199,17 @@ void graph_show_commit(struct git_graph *graph)
 	if (!graph)
 		return;
 
-	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+	/*
+	 * When showing a diff of a merge against each of its parents, we
+	 * are called once for each parent without graph_update having been
+	 * called.  In this case, simply output a single padding line.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		graph_show_padding(graph);
+		shown_commit_line = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line && !graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
 		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
 		if (!shown_commit_line)
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index 19b0f66316..0be62bd8b1 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@
 /* A graph is a pointer to this opaque structure */
 struct git_graph;
 
+/*
+ * Set up a custom scheme for column colors.
+ *
+ * The default column color scheme inserts ANSI color escapes to colorize
+ * the graph. The various color escapes are stored in an array of strings
+ * where each entry corresponds to a color, except for the last entry,
+ * which denotes the escape for resetting the color back to the default.
+ * When generating the graph, strings from this array are inserted before
+ * and after the various column characters.
+ *
+ * This function allows you to enable a custom array of color escapes.
+ * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
+ *
+ * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to use HTML for colors.
+ */
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
 
 /*
  * Create a new struct git_graph.
@@ -33,6 +52,20 @@ void graph_update(struct git_graph *graph, struct commit *commit);
  */
 int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
 
+/*
+ * Output the next line for a graph.
+ * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
+ * terminated with a newline.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
+ * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
+ * graph_update() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to wrap HTML around graph lines.
+ */
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
+
 
 /*
  * graph_show_*: helper functions for printing to stdout
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 4bd1b8b1dd..bb548cae69 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -625,7 +625,8 @@ static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
 			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
-		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+		if (p->field < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN ||
+		    GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
 			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
 		compile_regexp(p, opt);
 	}
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index 8fc854f400..e4a1df56a4 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ enum grep_context {
 };
 
 enum grep_header_field {
-	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN,
 	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
 	GREP_HEADER_REFLOG,
 
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
index b875ce67c4..1d43ac0ba0 100644
--- a/hash.h
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -40,4 +40,11 @@ static inline void init_hash(struct hash_table *table)
 	table->array = NULL;
 }
 
+static inline void preallocate_hash(struct hash_table *table, unsigned int elts)
+{
+	assert(table->size == 0 && table->nr == 0 && table->array == NULL);
+	table->size = elts * 2;
+	table->array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), table->size);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 2a42ec6d1f..f068925bb7 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
 {
@@ -106,10 +107,7 @@ static int is_executable(const char *name)
 	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 		return 0;
 
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) == 0)
-#endif
+#if defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 {	/* cannot trust the executable bit, peek into the file instead */
 	char buf[3] = { 0 };
 	int n;
@@ -223,6 +221,23 @@ void list_commands(unsigned int colopts,
 	}
 }
 
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
+	}
+}
+
 int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -380,6 +395,59 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 
 int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	/*
+	 * The format of this string should be kept stable for compatibility
+	 * with external projects that rely on the output of "git version".
+	 */
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+struct similar_ref_cb {
+	const char *base_ref;
+	struct string_list *similar_refs;
+};
+
+static int append_similar_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb *cb = (struct similar_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
+	char *branch = strrchr(refname, '/') + 1;
+	/* A remote branch of the same name is deemed similar */
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/") &&
+	    !strcmp(branch, cb->base_ref))
+		string_list_append(cb->similar_refs,
+				   refname + strlen("refs/remotes/"));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct string_list guess_refs(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb ref_cb;
+	struct string_list similar_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	ref_cb.base_ref = ref;
+	ref_cb.similar_refs = &similar_refs;
+	for_each_ref(append_similar_ref, &ref_cb);
+	return similar_refs;
+}
+
+void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list suggested_refs = guess_refs(ref);
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s: %s - %s"), cmd, ref, error);
+
+	if (suggested_refs.nr > 0) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			      suggested_refs.nr));
+		for (i = 0; i < suggested_refs.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", suggested_refs.items[i].string);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&suggested_refs, 0);
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index 0ae5a124a3..b21d7c94e8 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -27,4 +27,9 @@ extern void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes);
 extern int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name);
 extern void list_commands(unsigned int colopts, struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
 
+/*
+ * call this to die(), when it is suspected that the user mistyped a
+ * ref to the command, to give suggested "correct" refs.
+ */
+extern void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error);
 #endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index f50e77fb28..8c464bd805 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void format_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
 
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static void hdr_cache_forever(void)
 
 static void end_headers(void)
 {
-	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+	write_or_die(1, "\r\n", 2);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ static void send_strbuf(const char *type, struct strbuf *buf)
 	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
 	hdr_str(content_type, type);
 	end_headers();
-	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
 			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
-		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, n);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	free(buf);
@@ -361,17 +361,19 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	const char *name_nons = strip_namespace(name);
 	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		return 0;
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name_nons);
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
 		if (!o)
 			return 0;
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1),
+			    name_nons);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -402,12 +404,40 @@ static void get_info_refs(char *arg)
 
 	} else {
 		select_getanyfile();
-		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
 		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int show_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		unsigned char unused[20];
+		const char *target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, unused, 1, NULL);
+		const char *target_nons = strip_namespace(target);
+
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "ref: %s\n", target_nons);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_head(char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	head_ref_namespaced(show_head_ref, &buf);
+	send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
 {
 	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
@@ -520,7 +550,7 @@ static struct service_cmd {
 	const char *pattern;
 	void (*imp)(char *);
 } services[] = {
-	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_head},
 	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
@@ -564,9 +594,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			if (strcmp(method, c->method)) {
 				const char *proto = getenv("SERVER_PROTOCOL");
-				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1"))
+				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1")) {
 					http_status(405, "Method Not Allowed");
-				else
+					hdr_str("Allow", !strcmp(c->method, "GET") ?
+						"GET, HEAD" : c->method);
+				} else
 					http_status(400, "Bad Request");
 				hdr_nocache();
 				end_headers();
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index 8701c1215d..69200baf76 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
+#ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+#include <xmlparse.h>
+#else
 #include <expat.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char http_push_usage[] =
 "git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
@@ -172,28 +176,7 @@ enum dav_header_flag {
 static char *xml_entities(const char *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	while (*s) {
-		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
-		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
-		s += len;
-		switch (*s) {
-		case '"':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
-			break;
-		case '<':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
-			break;
-		case '>':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
-			break;
-		case '&':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-		}
-		s++;
-	}
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, s);
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -680,7 +663,7 @@ static void add_fetch_request(struct object *obj)
 
 static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
 {
-	struct transfer_request *request = request_queue_head;
+	struct transfer_request *request;
 	struct packed_git *target;
 
 	/* Keep locks active */
@@ -1347,8 +1330,7 @@ static struct object_list **process_tree(struct tree *tree,
 			break;
 		}
 
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -1560,7 +1542,7 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		ret = 1;
 		break;
@@ -1568,7 +1550,7 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 		ret = 0;
 		break;
 	case HTTP_ERROR:
-		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+		error("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	default:
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -1584,7 +1566,7 @@ static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
 		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
 		    curl_errorstr);
 	free(url);
@@ -1993,7 +1975,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		pushing = 0;
 		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 			die("revision walk setup failed");
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, NULL);
 		objects_to_send = get_delta(&revs, ref_lock);
 		finish_all_active_slots();
 
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 0a8abf3be3..f3e1439d58 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 int active_requests;
 int http_is_verbose;
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ static CURL *curl_default;
 char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
 static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static int curl_ssl_try;
 static const char *ssl_cert;
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
 static const char *ssl_key;
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ static long curl_low_speed_time = -1;
 static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
 static const char *curl_http_proxy;
 static const char *curl_cookie_file;
+static int curl_save_cookies;
 static struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int http_proactive_auth;
 static const char *user_agent;
@@ -158,8 +162,11 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcainfo", var))
 		return git_config_string(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcertpasswordprotected", var)) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+		ssl_cert_password_required = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.ssltry", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
@@ -194,6 +201,10 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.cookiefile", var))
 		return git_config_string(&curl_cookie_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.savecookies", var)) {
+		curl_save_cookies = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.postbuffer", var)) {
 		http_post_buffer = git_config_int(var, value);
@@ -222,9 +233,15 @@ static void init_curl_http_auth(CURL *result)
 #else
 	{
 		static struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_reset(&up);
-		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
-			    http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
+		/*
+		 * Note that we assume we only ever have a single set of
+		 * credentials in a given program run, so we do not have
+		 * to worry about updating this buffer, only setting its
+		 * initial value.
+		 */
+		if (!up.len)
+			strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
+				http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, up.buf);
 	}
 #endif
@@ -236,6 +253,7 @@ static int has_cert_password(void)
 		return 0;
 	if (!cert_auth.password) {
 		cert_auth.protocol = xstrdup("cert");
+		cert_auth.username = xstrdup("");
 		cert_auth.path = xstrdup(ssl_cert);
 		credential_fill(&cert_auth);
 	}
@@ -280,7 +298,6 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 #endif
 	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
@@ -305,6 +322,11 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
 
+#ifdef CURLOPT_USE_SSL
+	if (curl_ssl_try)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+#endif
+
 	if (curl_http_proxy) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
@@ -324,10 +346,20 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 {
 	char *low_speed_limit;
 	char *low_speed_time;
+	char *normalized_url;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+
+	config.section = "http";
+	config.key = NULL;
+	config.collect_fn = http_options;
+	config.cascade_fn = git_default_config;
+	config.cb = NULL;
 
 	http_is_verbose = 0;
+	normalized_url = url_normalize(url, &config.url);
 
-	git_config(http_options, NULL);
+	git_config(urlmatch_config_entry, &config);
+	free(normalized_url);
 
 	curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
 
@@ -496,6 +528,8 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	slot->callback_data = NULL;
 	slot->callback_func = NULL;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, curl_cookie_file);
+	if (curl_save_cookies)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, curl_cookie_file);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, pragma_header);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errorstr);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, NULL);
@@ -504,6 +538,7 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 	if (http_auth.password)
 		init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 
@@ -759,6 +794,25 @@ char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 
 int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
 {
+	/*
+	 * If we see a failing http code with CURLE_OK, we have turned off
+	 * FAILONERROR (to keep the server's custom error response), and should
+	 * translate the code into failure here.
+	 */
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK &&
+	    results->http_code >= 400) {
+		results->curl_result = CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
+		/*
+		 * Normally curl will already have put the "reason phrase"
+		 * from the server into curl_errorstr; unfortunately without
+		 * FAILONERROR it is lost, so we can give only the numeric
+		 * status code.
+		 */
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "The requested URL returned error: %ld",
+			 results->http_code);
+	}
+
 	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
 		credential_approve(&http_auth);
 		return HTTP_OK;
@@ -787,7 +841,8 @@ int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
 
-static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+static int http_request(const char *url, struct strbuf *type,
+			void *result, int target, int options)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
@@ -822,6 +877,8 @@ static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
 	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+	if (options & HTTP_KEEP_ERROR)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0);
 
 	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
 
@@ -833,28 +890,58 @@ static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
 		run_active_slot(slot);
 		ret = handle_curl_result(&results);
 	} else {
-		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "failed to start HTTP request");
 		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
 	}
 
+	if (type) {
+		char *t;
+		strbuf_reset(type);
+		curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE, &t);
+		if (t)
+			strbuf_addstr(type, t);
+	}
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int http_request_reauth(const char *url, void *result, int target,
+static int http_request_reauth(const char *url,
+			       struct strbuf *type,
+			       void *result, int target,
 			       int options)
 {
-	int ret = http_request(url, result, target, options);
+	int ret = http_request(url, type, result, target, options);
 	if (ret != HTTP_REAUTH)
 		return ret;
-	return http_request(url, result, target, options);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are using KEEP_ERROR, the previous request may have
+	 * put cruft into our output stream; we should clear it out before
+	 * making our next request. We only know how to do this for
+	 * the strbuf case, but that is enough to satisfy current callers.
+	 */
+	if (options & HTTP_KEEP_ERROR) {
+		switch (target) {
+		case HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF:
+			strbuf_reset(result);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: HTTP_KEEP_ERROR is only supported with strbufs");
+		}
+	}
+	return http_request(url, type, result, target, options);
 }
 
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url,
+		    struct strbuf *type,
+		    struct strbuf *result, int options)
 {
-	return http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
+	return http_request_reauth(url, type, result,
+				   HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -877,7 +964,7 @@ static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
-	ret = http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
+	ret = http_request_reauth(url, NULL, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
 	fclose(result);
 
 	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
@@ -887,15 +974,6 @@ cleanup:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
-{
-	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
-	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
-		error("%s while accessing %s", curl_errorstr, url);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 {
 	char *url;
@@ -903,7 +981,7 @@ int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 	int ret = -1;
 
 	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
 		if (buffer.len == 40)
 			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
@@ -996,7 +1074,7 @@ int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
 	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
 	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
 		goto cleanup;
 
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
index 0a80d303e3..d77c1b54f2 100644
--- a/http.h
+++ b/http.h
@@ -42,6 +42,15 @@
 #define NO_CURL_IOCTL
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * CURLOPT_USE_SSL was known as CURLOPT_FTP_SSL up to 7.16.4,
+ * and the constants were known as CURLFTPSSL_*
+*/
+#if !defined(CURLOPT_USE_SSL) && defined(CURLOPT_FTP_SSL)
+#define CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
+#define CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLFTPSSL_TRY
+#endif
+
 struct slot_results {
 	CURLcode curl_result;
 	long http_code;
@@ -118,6 +127,7 @@ extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 
 /* Options for http_request_*() */
 #define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+#define HTTP_KEEP_ERROR		2
 
 /* Return values for http_request_*() */
 #define HTTP_OK			0
@@ -132,13 +142,7 @@ extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
  *
  * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
  */
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
-
-/*
- * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
- * and returns ret.
- */
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *content_type, struct strbuf *result, int options);
 
 extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
 
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index ac9672f607..1c123e685f 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, struct strbuf *name)
 static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	FILE *mailname;
+	struct strbuf mailnamebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	mailname = fopen("/etc/mailname", "r");
 	if (!mailname) {
@@ -54,14 +55,17 @@ static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 				strerror(errno));
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (strbuf_getline(buf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(&mailnamebuf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
 		if (ferror(mailname))
 			warning("cannot read /etc/mailname: %s",
 				strerror(errno));
+		strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 		fclose(mailname);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	/* success! */
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &mailnamebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 	fclose(mailname);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index d42e471297..6f5cc4f782 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -28,52 +28,8 @@
 #include "prompt.h"
 #ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 typedef void *SSL;
-#else
-#include <openssl/evp.h>
-#include <openssl/hmac.h>
 #endif
 
-struct store_conf {
-	char *name;
-	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
-	char *map_inbox;
-	char *trash;
-	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
-	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
-};
-
-/* For message->status */
-#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
-#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
-#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
-
-struct message {
-	struct message *next;
-	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
-	int uid;
-	unsigned char flags, status;
-};
-
-struct store {
-	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
-
-	/* currently open mailbox */
-	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
-	char *path; /* own */
-	struct message *msgs; /* own */
-	int uidvalidity;
-	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
-	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
-	int count; /* # of messages */
-	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
-};
-
-struct msg_data {
-	char *data;
-	int len;
-	unsigned char flags;
-};
-
 static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
 
 #undef DRV_OK
@@ -91,8 +47,6 @@ static void imap_warn(const char *, ...);
 
 static char *next_arg(char **);
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
 
@@ -136,20 +90,6 @@ static struct imap_server_conf server = {
 	NULL,	/* auth_method */
 };
 
-struct imap_store_conf {
-	struct store_conf gen;
-	struct imap_server_conf *server;
-};
-
-#define NIL	(void *)0x1
-#define LIST	(void *)0x2
-
-struct imap_list {
-	struct imap_list *next, *child;
-	char *val;
-	int len;
-};
-
 struct imap_socket {
 	int fd[2];
 	SSL *ssl;
@@ -166,7 +106,6 @@ struct imap_cmd;
 
 struct imap {
 	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
-	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
 	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
 	/* command queue */
 	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
@@ -175,11 +114,11 @@ struct imap {
 };
 
 struct imap_store {
-	struct store gen;
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
 	int uidvalidity;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	const char *prefix;
-	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd_cb {
@@ -226,14 +165,6 @@ static const char *cap_list[] = {
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
 
 
-static const char *Flags[] = {
-	"Draft",
-	"Flagged",
-	"Answered",
-	"Seen",
-	"Deleted",
-};
-
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
 {
@@ -266,12 +197,64 @@ static void socket_perror(const char *func, struct imap_socket *sock, int ret)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
 {
-#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
 	return -1;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int host_matches(const char *host, const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '.') {
+		pattern += 2;
+		if (!(host = strchr(host, '.')))
+			return 0;
+		host++;
+	}
+
+	return *host && *pattern && !strcasecmp(host, pattern);
+}
+
+static int verify_hostname(X509 *cert, const char *hostname)
+{
+	int len;
+	X509_NAME *subj;
+	char cname[1000];
+	int i, found;
+	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *subj_alt_names;
+
+	/* try the DNS subjectAltNames */
+	found = 0;
+	if ((subj_alt_names = X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, NULL, NULL))) {
+		int num_subj_alt_names = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subj_alt_names);
+		for (i = 0; !found && i < num_subj_alt_names; i++) {
+			GENERAL_NAME *subj_alt_name = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subj_alt_names, i);
+			if (subj_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS &&
+			    strlen((const char *)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data) == (size_t)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->length &&
+			    host_matches(hostname, (const char *)(subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data)))
+				found = 1;
+		}
+		sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subj_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+	}
+	if (found)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* try the common name */
+	if (!(subj = X509_get_subject_name(cert)))
+		return error("cannot get certificate subject");
+	if ((len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subj, NID_commonName, cname, sizeof(cname))) < 0)
+		return error("cannot get certificate common name");
+	if (strlen(cname) == (size_t)len && host_matches(hostname, cname))
+		return 0;
+	return error("certificate owner '%s' does not match hostname '%s'",
+		     cname, hostname);
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
 	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
 #else
@@ -279,6 +262,7 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 #endif
 	SSL_CTX *ctx;
 	int ret;
+	X509 *cert;
 
 	SSL_library_init();
 	SSL_load_error_strings();
@@ -316,15 +300,35 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
+	/*
+	 * SNI (RFC4366)
+	 * OpenSSL does not document this function, but the implementation
+	 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure after calling SSLerr().
+	 */
+	ret = SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(sock->ssl, server.host);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		warning("SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(%s) failed.", server.host);
+#endif
+
 	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
 	if (ret <= 0) {
 		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (verify) {
+		/* make sure the hostname matches that of the certificate */
+		cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(sock->ssl);
+		if (!cert)
+			return error("unable to get peer certificate.");
+		if (verify_hostname(cert, server.host) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
 {
@@ -477,16 +481,6 @@ static char *next_arg(char **s)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
-{
-	struct message *tmsg;
-
-	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
-		tmsg = msgs->next;
-		free(msgs);
-	}
-}
-
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -614,35 +608,9 @@ static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	}
 }
 
-static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
-}
-
-static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val == LIST;
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	struct imap_list *tmp;
-
-	for (; list; list = tmp) {
-		tmp = list->next;
-		if (is_list(list))
-			free_list(list->child);
-		else if (is_atom(list))
-			free(list->val);
-		free(list);
-	}
-}
-
-static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
+static int skip_imap_list_l(char **sp, int level)
 {
-	struct imap_list *cur;
-	char *s = *sp, *p;
-	int n, bytes;
+	char *s = *sp;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
@@ -651,68 +619,23 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			s++;
 			break;
 		}
-		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
-		curp = &cur->next;
-		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
 		if (*s == '(') {
 			/* sublist */
 			s++;
-			cur->val = LIST;
-			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
-				goto bail;
-		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
-			/* literal */
-			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
-			if (*s != '}')
-				goto bail;
-
-			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
-
-			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
-			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
-
-			if (n > bytes)
-				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
-				n = bytes;
-
-			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
-			s += n;
-			bytes -= n;
-
-			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
-			imap->buf.offset += n;
-
-			/* now read the rest of the message */
-			while (bytes > 0) {
-				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
-					goto bail;
-				s += n;
-				bytes -= n;
-			}
-
-			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+			if (skip_imap_list_l(&s, level + 1))
 				goto bail;
 		} else if (*s == '"') {
 			/* quoted string */
 			s++;
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
 				if (!*s)
 					goto bail;
-			cur->len = s - p;
 			s++;
-			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		} else {
 			/* atom */
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
 				if (level && *s == ')')
 					break;
-			cur->len = s - p;
-			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
-				cur->val = NIL;
-			else
-				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		}
 
 		if (!level)
@@ -721,27 +644,15 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			goto bail;
 	}
 	*sp = s;
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return 0;
 
 bail:
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
-{
-	struct imap_list *head;
-
-	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
-		return head;
-	free_list(head);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
+static void skip_list(char **sp)
 {
-	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+	skip_imap_list_l(sp, 0);
 }
 
 static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
@@ -773,7 +684,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	*p++ = 0;
 	arg = next_arg(&s);
 	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
 		}
@@ -791,7 +702,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
 		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
 	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
 		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
@@ -820,20 +731,28 @@ static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 			}
 
 			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
-				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+				/* rfc2342 NAMESPACE response. */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Personal mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Others' mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Shared mailboxes */
 			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
 				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
 				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
 					return resp;
-			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
 				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
-			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
-				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
-				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				; /*
+				   * Unhandled response-data with at least two words.
+				   * Ignore it.
+				   *
+				   * NEEDSWORK: Previously this case handled '<num> EXISTS'
+				   * and '<num> RECENT' but as a probably-unintended side
+				   * effect it ignores other unrecognized two-word
+				   * responses.  imap-send doesn't ever try to read
+				   * messages or mailboxes these days, so consider
+				   * eliminating this case.
+				   */
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
 				return RESP_BAD;
@@ -935,16 +854,12 @@ static void imap_close_server(struct imap_store *ictx)
 		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
 		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
 	}
-	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
-	free_list(imap->ns_other);
-	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
 	free(imap);
 }
 
-static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+static void imap_close_store(struct imap_store *ctx)
 {
-	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
-	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	imap_close_server(ctx);
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -1029,7 +944,7 @@ static int auth_cram_md5(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *cmd, const cha
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+static struct imap_store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 {
 	struct imap_store *ctx;
 	struct imap *imap;
@@ -1239,173 +1154,113 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 	} /* !preauth */
 
 	ctx->prefix = "";
-	ctx->trashnc = 1;
-	return (struct store *)ctx;
+	return ctx;
 
 bail:
-	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
-{
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned i, d;
-
-	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
-		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
-			buf[d++] = ' ';
-			buf[d++] = '\\';
-			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
-				buf[d++] = *s;
-		}
-	buf[0] = '(';
-	buf[d++] = ')';
-	return d;
-}
-
-static void lf_to_crlf(struct msg_data *msg)
+/*
+ * Insert CR characters as necessary in *msg to ensure that every LF
+ * character in *msg is preceded by a CR.
+ */
+static void lf_to_crlf(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	char *new;
-	int i, j, lfnum = 0;
-
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n')
-		lfnum++;
-	for (i = 1; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r' && msg->data[i] == '\n')
-			lfnum++;
+	size_t i, j;
+	char lastc;
+
+	/* First pass: tally, in j, the size of the new string: */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
+			j++; /* a CR will need to be added here */
+		lastc = msg->buf[i];
+		j++;
 	}
 
-	new = xmalloc(msg->len + lfnum);
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n') {
-		new[0] = '\r';
-		new[1] = '\n';
-		i = 1;
-		j = 2;
-	} else {
-		new[0] = msg->data[0];
-		i = 1;
-		j = 1;
-	}
-	for ( ; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i] != '\n') {
-			new[j++] = msg->data[i];
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r')
+	new = xmalloc(j + 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass: write the new string.  Note that this loop is
+	 * otherwise identical to the first pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
 			new[j++] = '\r';
-		/* otherwise it already had CR before */
-		new[j++] = '\n';
+		lastc = new[j++] = msg->buf[i];
 	}
-	msg->len += lfnum;
-	free(msg->data);
-	msg->data = new;
+	strbuf_attach(msg, new, j, j + 1);
 }
 
-static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+/*
+ * Store msg to IMAP.  Also detach and free the data from msg->data,
+ * leaving msg->data empty.
+ */
+static int imap_store_msg(struct imap_store *ctx, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
 	const char *prefix, *box;
-	int ret, d;
-	char flagstr[128];
+	int ret;
 
-	lf_to_crlf(data);
+	lf_to_crlf(msg);
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.dlen = data->len;
-	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
-	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
+	cb.dlen = msg->len;
+	cb.data = strbuf_detach(msg, NULL);
 
-	d = 0;
-	if (data->flags) {
-		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
-		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
-	}
-	flagstr[d] = 0;
-
-	box = gctx->name;
+	box = ctx->name;
 	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
 	cb.create = 0;
-	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" ", prefix, box);
 	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
 	if (ret != DRV_OK)
 		return ret;
-	gctx->count++;
 
 	return DRV_OK;
 }
 
-static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
-		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
-	}
-}
-static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+static void wrap_in_html(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines;
-	struct strbuf **p;
 	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
 	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
 	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
-	int added_header = 0;
-
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
-		if (! added_header) {
-			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
-				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
-				added_header = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			encode_html_chars(*p);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-	}
+	const char *body = strstr(msg->buf, "\n\n");
+
+	if (!body)
+		return; /* Headers but no body; no wrapping needed */
+
+	body += 2;
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, msg->buf, body - msg->buf - 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, body);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(msg);
+	*msg = buf;
 }
 
 #define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
 
-static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
-
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+		if (strbuf_fread(all_msgs, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
 			break;
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	return msg->len;
+	return ferror(f) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+static int count_messages(struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
 	int count = 0;
-	char *p = msg->data;
+	char *p = all_msgs->buf;
 
 	while (1) {
 		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
@@ -1426,34 +1281,39 @@ static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+/*
+ * Copy the next message from all_msgs, starting at offset *ofs, to
+ * msg.  Update *ofs to the start of the following message.  Return
+ * true iff a message was successfully copied.
+ */
+static int split_msg(struct strbuf *all_msgs, struct strbuf *msg, int *ofs)
 {
 	char *p, *data;
+	size_t len;
 
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
 	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
 		return 0;
 
-	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
-	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+	data = &all_msgs->buf[*ofs];
+	len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
 
-	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+	if (len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
 		return 0;
 
 	p = strchr(data, '\n');
 	if (p) {
-		p = &p[1];
-		msg->len -= p-data;
-		*ofs += p-data;
+		p++;
+		len -= p - data;
+		*ofs += p - data;
 		data = p;
 	}
 
 	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
 	if (p)
-		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+		len = &p[1] - data;
 
-	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
-	*ofs += msg->len;
+	strbuf_add(msg, data, len);
+	*ofs += len;
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1504,8 +1364,9 @@ static int git_imap_config(const char *key, const char *val, void *cb)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
-	struct store *ctx = NULL;
+	struct strbuf all_msgs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct imap_store *ctx = NULL;
 	int ofs = 0;
 	int r;
 	int total, n = 0;
@@ -1537,7 +1398,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* read the messages */
-	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+	if (read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error reading input\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (all_msgs.len == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1559,6 +1425,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	ctx->name = imap_folder;
 	while (1) {
 		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+
 		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
 		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
 			break;
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 51b2ab6c7e..a0f49b3aca 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
    The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
    or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */
 
-/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblence
+/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
    to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
    See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
    IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct trie
   struct trie *fail;		/* Aho-Corasick failure function. */
   int depth;			/* Depth of this node from the root. */
   int shift;			/* Shift function for search failures. */
-  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendents. */
+  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendants. */
 };
 
 /* Structure returned opaquely to the caller, containing everything. */
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ treefails (register struct tree const *tree, struct trie const *fail,
   treefails(tree->rlink, fail, recourse);
 
   /* Find, in the chain of fails going back to the root, the first
-     node that has a descendent on the current label. */
+     node that has a descendant on the current label. */
   while (fail)
     {
       link = fail->links;
@@ -426,16 +426,16 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 	 computing the delta table, failure function, and shift function. */
       for (curr = last = kwset->trie; curr; curr = curr->next)
 	{
-	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendents in the level order queue. */
+	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendants in the level order queue. */
 	  enqueue(curr->links, &last);
 
 	  curr->shift = kwset->mind;
 	  curr->maxshift = kwset->mind;
 
-	  /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
+	  /* Update the delta table for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treedelta(curr->links, curr->depth, delta);
 
-	  /* Compute the failure function for the decendents of this node. */
+	  /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treefails(curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);
 
 	  /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 		  fail->shift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
 
 	      /* If the current node is accepting then the shift at the
-		 fail and its descendents should be no larger than the
+		 fail and its descendants should be no larger than the
 		 difference of their depths. */
 	      if (curr->accepting && fail->maxshift > curr->depth - fail->depth)
 		fail->maxshift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
diff --git a/line-log.c b/line-log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b6e497b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1286 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+
+static void range_set_grow(struct range_set *rs, size_t extra)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(rs->ranges, rs->nr + extra, rs->alloc);
+}
+
+/* Either initialization would be fine */
+#define RANGE_SET_INIT {0}
+
+void range_set_init(struct range_set *rs, size_t prealloc)
+{
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+	if (prealloc)
+		range_set_grow(rs, prealloc);
+}
+
+void range_set_release(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	free(rs->ranges);
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+}
+
+/* dst must be uninitialized! */
+static void range_set_copy(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_init(dst, src->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->ranges, src->ranges, src->nr*sizeof(struct range_set));
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+}
+static void range_set_move(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_release(dst);
+	dst->ranges = src->ranges;
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+	dst->alloc = src->alloc;
+	src->ranges = NULL;
+	src->alloc = src->nr = 0;
+}
+
+/* tack on a _new_ range _at the end_ */
+void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(a <= b);
+	range_set_grow(rs, 1);
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].start = a;
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].end = b;
+	rs->nr++;
+}
+
+void range_set_append(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(rs->nr == 0 || rs->ranges[rs->nr-1].end <= a);
+	range_set_append_unsafe(rs, a, b);
+}
+
+static int range_cmp(const void *_r, const void *_s)
+{
+	const struct range *r = _r;
+	const struct range *s = _s;
+
+	/* this could be simply 'return r.start-s.start', but for the types */
+	if (r->start == s->start)
+		return 0;
+	if (r->start < s->start)
+		return -1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the ranges are non-empty, sorted and non-overlapping
+ */
+static void range_set_check_invariants(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!rs)
+		return;
+
+	if (rs->nr)
+		assert(rs->ranges[0].start < rs->ranges[0].end);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		assert(rs->ranges[i-1].end < rs->ranges[i].start);
+		assert(rs->ranges[i].start < rs->ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to establish the invariants when we get the ranges from the user
+ */
+void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int o = 0; /* output cursor */
+
+	qsort(rs->ranges, rs->nr, sizeof(struct range), range_cmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		if (rs->ranges[i].start == rs->ranges[i].end)
+			continue;
+		if (o > 0 && rs->ranges[i].start <= rs->ranges[o-1].end) {
+			if (rs->ranges[o-1].end < rs->ranges[i].end)
+				rs->ranges[o-1].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+		} else {
+			rs->ranges[o].start = rs->ranges[i].start;
+			rs->ranges[o].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+			o++;
+		}
+	}
+	assert(o <= rs->nr);
+	rs->nr = o;
+
+	range_set_check_invariants(rs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Union of range sets (i.e., sets of line numbers).  Used to merge
+ * them when searches meet at a common ancestor.
+ *
+ * This is also where the ranges are consolidated into canonical form:
+ * overlapping and adjacent ranges are merged, and empty ranges are
+ * removed.
+ */
+static void range_set_union(struct range_set *out,
+			     struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0, o = 0;
+	struct range *ra = a->ranges;
+	struct range *rb = b->ranges;
+	/* cannot make an alias of out->ranges: it may change during grow */
+
+	assert(out->nr == 0);
+	while (i < a->nr || j < b->nr) {
+		struct range *new;
+		if (i < a->nr && j < b->nr) {
+			if (ra[i].start < rb[j].start)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else if (ra[i].start > rb[j].start)
+				new = &rb[j++];
+			else if (ra[i].end < rb[j].end)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else
+				new = &rb[j++];
+		} else if (i < a->nr)      /* b exhausted */
+			new = &ra[i++];
+		else                       /* a exhausted */
+			new = &rb[j++];
+		if (new->start == new->end)
+			; /* empty range */
+		else if (!o || out->ranges[o-1].end < new->start) {
+			range_set_grow(out, 1);
+			out->ranges[o].start = new->start;
+			out->ranges[o].end = new->end;
+			o++;
+		} else if (out->ranges[o-1].end < new->end) {
+			out->ranges[o-1].end = new->end;
+		}
+	}
+	out->nr = o;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Difference of range sets (out = a \ b).  Pass the "interesting"
+ * ranges as 'a' and the target side of the diff as 'b': it removes
+ * the ranges for which the commit is responsible.
+ */
+static void range_set_difference(struct range_set *out,
+				  struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i, j =  0;
+	for (i = 0; i < a->nr; i++) {
+		long start = a->ranges[i].start;
+		long end = a->ranges[i].end;
+		while (start < end) {
+			while (j < b->nr && start >= b->ranges[j].end)
+				/*
+				 * a:         |-------
+				 * b: ------|
+				 */
+				j++;
+			if (j >= b->nr || end < b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * b exhausted, or
+				 * a:  ----|
+				 * b:         |----
+				 */
+				range_set_append(out, start, end);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (start >= b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a:     |--????
+				 * b: |------|
+				 */
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			} else if (end > b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a: |-----|
+				 * b:    |--?????
+				 */
+				if (start < b->ranges[j].start)
+					range_set_append(out, start, b->ranges[j].start);
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_init(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_init(&diff->parent, 0);
+	range_set_init(&diff->target, 0);
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_release(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_release(&diff->parent);
+	range_set_release(&diff->target);
+}
+
+void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	range_set_init(&r->ranges, 0);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_clear(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	range_set_release(&r->ranges);
+	if (r->pair)
+		diff_free_filepair(r->pair);
+}
+
+static void free_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		struct line_log_data *next = r->next;
+		line_log_data_clear(r);
+		free(r);
+		r = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+search_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *list, const char *path,
+		     struct line_log_data **insertion_point)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *p = list;
+	if (insertion_point)
+		*insertion_point = NULL;
+	while (p) {
+		int cmp = strcmp(p->path, path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return p;
+		if (insertion_point && cmp < 0)
+			*insertion_point = p;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: takes ownership of 'path', which happens to be what the only
+ * caller needs.
+ */
+static void line_log_data_insert(struct line_log_data **list,
+				 char *path,
+				 long begin, long end)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ip;
+	struct line_log_data *p = search_line_log_data(*list, path, &ip);
+
+	if (p) {
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+		free(path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	p->path = path;
+	range_set_append(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+	if (ip) {
+		p->next = ip->next;
+		ip->next = p;
+	} else {
+		p->next = *list;
+		*list = p;
+	}
+}
+
+struct collect_diff_cbdata {
+	struct diff_ranges *diff;
+};
+
+static int collect_diff_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b,
+			   void *data)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata *d = data;
+
+	if (count_a >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->parent, start_a, start_a + count_a);
+	if (count_b >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->target, start_b, start_b + count_b);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void collect_diff(mmfile_t *parent, mmfile_t *target, struct diff_ranges *out)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata cbdata = {NULL};
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = xecfg.interhunkctxlen = 0;
+
+	cbdata.diff = out;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = collect_diff_cb;
+	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
+	ecb.priv = &cbdata;
+	xdi_diff(parent, target, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are handy for debugging.  Removing them with #if 0 silences
+ * the "unused function" warning.
+ */
+#if 0
+static void dump_range_set(struct range_set *rs, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("range set %s (%d items):\n", desc, rs->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++)
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\n", rs->ranges[i].start, rs->ranges[i].end);
+}
+
+static void dump_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	while (r) {
+		snprintf(buf, 4096, "file %s\n", r->path);
+		dump_range_set(&r->ranges, buf);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_ranges(struct diff_ranges *diff, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(diff->parent.nr == diff->target.nr);
+	printf("diff ranges %s (%d items):\n", desc, diff->parent.nr);
+	printf("\tparent\ttarget\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->parent.nr; i++) {
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\t[%ld,%ld]\n",
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].end,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static int ranges_overlap(struct range *a, struct range *b)
+{
+	return !(a->end <= b->start || b->end <= a->start);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, determine all hunks
+ * of the diff which touch (overlap) at least one of the interesting
+ * ranges in the target.
+ */
+static void diff_ranges_filter_touched(struct diff_ranges *out,
+				       struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				       struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+
+	assert(out->target.nr == 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->target.nr; i++) {
+		while (diff->target.ranges[i].start > rs->ranges[j].end) {
+			j++;
+			if (j == rs->nr)
+				return;
+		}
+		if (ranges_overlap(&diff->target.ranges[i], &rs->ranges[j])) {
+			range_set_append(&out->parent,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].end);
+			range_set_append(&out->target,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjust the line counts in 'rs' to account for the lines
+ * added/removed in the diff.
+ */
+static void range_set_shift_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				 struct range_set *rs,
+				 struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long offset = 0;
+	struct range *src = rs->ranges;
+	struct range *target = diff->target.ranges;
+	struct range *parent = diff->parent.ranges;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && src[i].start >= target[j].start) {
+			offset += (parent[j].end-parent[j].start)
+				- (target[j].end-target[j].start);
+			j++;
+		}
+		range_set_append(out, src[i].start+offset, src[i].end+offset);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, map the ranges
+ * across the diff.  That is: observe that the target commit takes
+ * blame for all the + (target-side) ranges.  So for every pair of
+ * ranges in the diff that was touched, we remove the latter and add
+ * its parent side.
+ */
+static void range_set_map_across_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				      struct range_set *rs,
+				      struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				      struct diff_ranges **touched_out)
+{
+	struct diff_ranges *touched = xmalloc(sizeof(*touched));
+	struct range_set tmp1 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+	struct range_set tmp2 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+
+	diff_ranges_init(touched);
+	diff_ranges_filter_touched(touched, diff, rs);
+	range_set_difference(&tmp1, rs, &touched->target);
+	range_set_shift_diff(&tmp2, &tmp1, diff);
+	range_set_union(out, &tmp2, &touched->parent);
+	range_set_release(&tmp1);
+	range_set_release(&tmp2);
+
+	*touched_out = touched;
+}
+
+static struct commit *check_single_commit(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *commit = NULL;
+	int found = -1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (commit)
+			die("More than one commit to dig from: %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    revs->pending.objects[found].name);
+		commit = obj;
+		found = i;
+	}
+
+	if (!commit)
+		die("No commit specified?");
+
+	return (struct commit *) commit;
+}
+
+static void fill_blob_sha1(struct commit *commit, struct diff_filespec *spec)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_tree_entry(commit->object.sha1, spec->path,
+			   sha1, &mode))
+		die("There is no path %s in the commit", spec->path);
+	fill_filespec(spec, sha1, 1, mode);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void fill_line_ends(struct diff_filespec *spec, long *lines,
+			   unsigned long **line_ends)
+{
+	int num = 0, size = 50;
+	long cur = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	char *data = NULL;
+
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(spec, 0))
+		die("Cannot read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+
+	ends = xmalloc(size * sizeof(*ends));
+	ends[cur++] = 0;
+	data = spec->data;
+	while (num < spec->size) {
+		if (data[num] == '\n' || num == spec->size - 1) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ends, (cur + 1), size);
+			ends[cur++] = num;
+		}
+		num++;
+	}
+
+	/* shrink the array to fit the elements */
+	ends = xrealloc(ends, cur * sizeof(*ends));
+	*lines = cur-1;
+	*line_ends = ends;
+}
+
+struct nth_line_cb {
+	struct diff_filespec *spec;
+	long lines;
+	unsigned long *line_ends;
+};
+
+static const char *nth_line(void *data, long line)
+{
+	struct nth_line_cb *d = data;
+	assert(d && line <= d->lines);
+	assert(d->spec && d->spec->data);
+
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)d->spec->data;
+	else
+		return (char *)d->spec->data + d->line_ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+parse_lines(struct commit *commit, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	long lines = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	struct nth_line_cb cb_data;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct line_log_data *ranges = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *p;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, args) {
+		const char *name_part, *range_part;
+		char *full_name;
+		struct diff_filespec *spec;
+		long begin = 0, end = 0;
+		long anchor;
+
+		name_part = skip_range_arg(item->string);
+		if (!name_part || *name_part != ':' || !name_part[1])
+			die("-L argument '%s' not of the form start,end:file",
+			    item->string);
+		range_part = xstrndup(item->string, name_part - item->string);
+		name_part++;
+
+		full_name = prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					name_part);
+
+		spec = alloc_filespec(full_name);
+		fill_blob_sha1(commit, spec);
+		fill_line_ends(spec, &lines, &ends);
+		cb_data.spec = spec;
+		cb_data.lines = lines;
+		cb_data.line_ends = ends;
+
+		p = search_line_log_data(ranges, full_name, NULL);
+		if (p && p->ranges.nr)
+			anchor = p->ranges.ranges[p->ranges.nr - 1].end + 1;
+		else
+			anchor = 1;
+
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_part, nth_line, &cb_data,
+				    lines, anchor, &begin, &end,
+				    full_name))
+			die("malformed -L argument '%s'", range_part);
+		if (lines < end || ((lines || begin) && lines < begin))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", name_part, lines);
+		if (begin < 1)
+			begin = 1;
+		if (end < 1)
+			end = lines;
+		begin--;
+		line_log_data_insert(&ranges, full_name, begin, end);
+
+		free_filespec(spec);
+		free(ends);
+		ends = NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (p = ranges; p; p = p->next)
+		sort_and_merge_range_set(&p->ranges);
+
+	return ranges;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_copy_one(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+	assert(r);
+	line_log_data_init(ret);
+	range_set_copy(&ret->ranges, &r->ranges);
+
+	ret->path = xstrdup(r->path);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+line_log_data_copy(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *tmp = NULL, *prev = NULL;
+
+	assert(r);
+	ret = tmp = prev = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+	r = r->next;
+	while (r) {
+		tmp = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+		prev->next = tmp;
+		prev = tmp;
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* merge two range sets across files */
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_merge(struct line_log_data *a,
+						 struct line_log_data *b)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *head = NULL, **pp = &head;
+
+	while (a || b) {
+		struct line_log_data *src;
+		struct line_log_data *src2 = NULL;
+		struct line_log_data *d;
+		int cmp;
+		if (!a)
+			cmp = 1;
+		else if (!b)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else
+			cmp = strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+		} else if (cmp == 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+			src2 = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		} else {
+			src = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		}
+		d = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+		line_log_data_init(d);
+		d->path = xstrdup(src->path);
+		*pp = d;
+		pp = &d->next;
+		if (src2)
+			range_set_union(&d->ranges, &src->ranges, &src2->ranges);
+		else
+			range_set_copy(&d->ranges, &src->ranges);
+	}
+
+	return head;
+}
+
+static void add_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+			   struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *old = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *new = NULL;
+
+	old = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (old && range) {
+		new = line_log_data_merge(old, range);
+		free_line_log_data(old);
+	} else if (range)
+		new = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	if (new)
+		add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, new);
+}
+
+static void clear_commit_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *r;
+	r = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (!r)
+		return;
+	free_line_log_data(r);
+	add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *lookup_line_range(struct rev_info *revs,
+					       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *d;
+
+	ret = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+
+	for (d = ret; d; d = d->next)
+		range_set_check_invariants(&d->ranges);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *range;
+
+	commit = check_single_commit(rev);
+	range = parse_lines(commit, prefix, args);
+	add_line_range(rev, commit, range);
+
+	if (!rev->diffopt.detect_rename) {
+		int i, count = 0;
+		struct line_log_data *r = range;
+		const char **paths;
+		while (r) {
+			count++;
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths = xmalloc((count+1)*sizeof(char *));
+		r = range;
+		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+			paths[i] = xstrdup(r->path);
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths[count] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&rev->diffopt.pathspec, 0, 0, "", paths);
+		free(paths);
+	}
+}
+
+static void load_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, void **tree,
+			   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	*tree = read_object_with_reference(sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!*tree)
+		die("Unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, *tree, size);
+}
+
+static int count_parents(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+	int count = 0;
+	while (parents) {
+		count++;
+		parents = parents->next;
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static void move_diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *dst,
+			    struct diff_queue_struct *src)
+{
+	assert(src != dst);
+	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(struct diff_queue_struct));
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(src);
+}
+
+static void filter_diffs_for_paths(struct line_log_data *range, int keep_deletions)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct line_log_data *rg = NULL;
+
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			if (keep_deletions)
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		for (rg = range; rg; rg = rg->next) {
+			if (!strcmp(rg->path, p->two->path))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (rg)
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else
+			diff_free_filepair(p);
+	}
+	free(diff_queued_diff.queue);
+	diff_queued_diff = outq;
+}
+
+static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->one)) {
+			/* fprintf(stderr, "diff_might_be_rename found creation of: %s\n", */
+			/* 	diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->path); */
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void queue_diffs(struct line_log_data *range,
+			struct diff_options *opt,
+			struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			struct commit *commit, struct commit *parent)
+{
+	void *tree1 = NULL, *tree2 = NULL;
+	struct tree_desc desc1, desc2;
+
+	assert(commit);
+	load_tree_desc(&desc2, &tree2, commit->tree->object.sha1);
+	if (parent)
+		load_tree_desc(&desc1, &tree1, parent->tree->object.sha1);
+	else
+		init_tree_desc(&desc1, "", 0);
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&diff_queued_diff);
+	diff_tree(&desc1, &desc2, "", opt);
+	if (opt->detect_rename) {
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 1);
+		if (diff_might_be_rename())
+			diffcore_std(opt);
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 0);
+	}
+	move_diff_queue(queue, &diff_queued_diff);
+
+	if (tree1)
+		free(tree1);
+	if (tree2)
+		free(tree2);
+}
+
+static char *get_nth_line(long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data)
+{
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)data;
+	else
+		return (char *)data + ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_line(const char *prefix, char first,
+		       long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data,
+		       const char *color, const char *reset)
+{
+	char *begin = get_nth_line(line, ends, data);
+	char *end = get_nth_line(line+1, ends, data);
+	int had_nl = 0;
+
+	if (end > begin && end[-1] == '\n') {
+		end--;
+		had_nl = 1;
+	}
+
+	fputs(prefix, stdout);
+	fputs(color, stdout);
+	putchar(first);
+	fwrite(begin, 1, end-begin, stdout);
+	fputs(reset, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	if (!had_nl)
+		fputs("\\ No newline at end of file\n", stdout);
+}
+
+static char *output_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	char *prefix = "";
+
+	if (opt->output_prefix) {
+		struct strbuf *sb = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+		prefix = sb->buf;
+	}
+
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_hacky_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long p_lines, t_lines;
+	unsigned long *p_ends = NULL, *t_ends = NULL;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = range->pair;
+	struct diff_ranges *diff = &range->diff;
+
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	char *prefix = output_prefix(opt);
+	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *c_frag = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *c_plain = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_PLAIN);
+
+	if (!pair || !diff)
+		return;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid)
+		fill_line_ends(pair->one, &p_lines, &p_ends);
+	fill_line_ends(pair->two, &t_lines, &t_ends);
+
+	printf("%s%sdiff --git a/%s b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->one->path, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s--- %s%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta,
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? "a/" : "",
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? pair->one->path : "/dev/null",
+	       c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s+++ b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	for (i = 0; i < range->ranges.nr; i++) {
+		long p_start, p_end;
+		long t_start = range->ranges.ranges[i].start;
+		long t_end = range->ranges.ranges[i].end;
+		long t_cur = t_start;
+		int j_last;
+
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].end < t_start)
+			j++;
+		if (j == diff->target.nr || diff->target.ranges[j].start > t_end)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Scan ahead to determine the last diff that falls in this range */
+		j_last = j;
+		while (j_last < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j_last].start < t_end)
+			j_last++;
+		if (j_last > j)
+			j_last--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Compute parent hunk headers: we know that the diff
+		 * has the correct line numbers (but not all hunks).
+		 * So it suffices to shift the start/end according to
+		 * the line numbers of the first/last hunk(s) that
+		 * fall in this range.
+		 */
+		if (t_start < diff->target.ranges[j].start)
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start - (diff->target.ranges[j].start-t_start);
+		else
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start;
+		if (t_end > diff->target.ranges[j_last].end)
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end + (t_end-diff->target.ranges[j_last].end);
+		else
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end;
+
+		if (!p_start && !p_end) {
+			p_start = -1;
+			p_end = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Now output a diff hunk for this range */
+		printf("%s%s@@ -%ld,%ld +%ld,%ld @@%s\n",
+		       prefix, c_frag,
+		       p_start+1, p_end-p_start, t_start+1, t_end-t_start,
+		       c_reset);
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].start < t_end) {
+			int k;
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].start; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_plain, c_reset);
+			for (k = diff->parent.ranges[j].start; k < diff->parent.ranges[j].end; k++)
+				print_line(prefix, '-', k, p_ends, pair->one->data,
+					   c_old, c_reset);
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].end && t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, '+', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_new, c_reset);
+			j++;
+		}
+		for (; t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+			print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+				   c_plain, c_reset);
+	}
+
+	free(p_ends);
+	free(t_ends);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: manually building a diff here is not the Right
+ * Thing(tm).  log -L should be built into the diff pipeline.
+ */
+static void dump_diff_hacky(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	puts(output_prefix(&rev->diffopt));
+	while (range) {
+		dump_diff_hacky_one(rev, range);
+		range = range->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlike most other functions, this destructively operates on
+ * 'range'.
+ */
+static int process_diff_filepair(struct rev_info *rev,
+				 struct diff_filepair *pair,
+				 struct line_log_data *range,
+				 struct diff_ranges **diff_out)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+	struct range_set tmp;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+	mmfile_t file_parent, file_target;
+
+	assert(pair->two->path);
+	while (rg) {
+		assert(rg->path);
+		if (!strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+			break;
+		rg = rg->next;
+	}
+
+	if (!rg)
+		return 0;
+	if (rg->ranges.nr == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	assert(pair->two->sha1_valid);
+	diff_populate_filespec(pair->two, 0);
+	file_target.ptr = pair->two->data;
+	file_target.size = pair->two->size;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid) {
+		diff_populate_filespec(pair->one, 0);
+		file_parent.ptr = pair->one->data;
+		file_parent.size = pair->one->size;
+	} else {
+		file_parent.ptr = "";
+		file_parent.size = 0;
+	}
+
+	diff_ranges_init(&diff);
+	collect_diff(&file_parent, &file_target, &diff);
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK should apply some heuristics to prevent mismatches */
+	free(rg->path);
+	rg->path = xstrdup(pair->one->path);
+
+	range_set_init(&tmp, 0);
+	range_set_map_across_diff(&tmp, &rg->ranges, &diff, diff_out);
+	range_set_release(&rg->ranges);
+	range_set_move(&rg->ranges, &tmp);
+
+	diff_ranges_release(&diff);
+
+	return ((*diff_out)->parent.nr > 0);
+}
+
+static struct diff_filepair *diff_filepair_dup(struct diff_filepair *pair)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_filepair));
+	new->one = pair->one;
+	new->two = pair->two;
+	new->one->count++;
+	new->two->count++;
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void free_diffqueues(int n, struct diff_queue_struct *dq)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		for (j = 0; j < dq[i].nr; j++)
+			diff_free_filepair(dq[i].queue[j]);
+	free(dq);
+}
+
+static int process_all_files(struct line_log_data **range_out,
+			     struct rev_info *rev,
+			     struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			     struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, changed = 0;
+
+	*range_out = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_ranges *pairdiff = NULL;
+		struct diff_filepair *pair = queue->queue[i];
+		if (process_diff_filepair(rev, pair, *range_out, &pairdiff)) {
+			/*
+			 * Store away the diff for later output.  We
+			 * tuck it in the ranges we got as _input_,
+			 * since that's the commit that caused the
+			 * diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK not enough when we get around to
+			 * doing something interesting with merges;
+			 * currently each invocation on a merge parent
+			 * trashes the previous one's diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK tramples over data structures not owned here
+			 */
+			struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+			changed++;
+			while (rg && strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+				rg = rg->next;
+			assert(rg);
+			rg->pair = diff_filepair_dup(queue->queue[i]);
+			memcpy(&rg->diff, pairdiff, sizeof(struct diff_ranges));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+
+	show_log(rev);
+	dump_diff_hacky(rev, range);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_ordinary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+					  struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct commit *parent = NULL;
+	struct diff_queue_struct queue;
+	struct line_log_data *parent_range;
+	int changed;
+
+	if (commit->parents)
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &queue, commit, parent);
+	changed = process_all_files(&parent_range, rev, &queue, range);
+	if (parent)
+		add_line_range(rev, parent, parent_range);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_merge_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+				       struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *diffqueues;
+	struct line_log_data **cand;
+	struct commit **parents;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int i;
+	int nparents = count_parents(commit);
+
+	diffqueues = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*diffqueues));
+	cand = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*cand));
+	parents = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*parents));
+
+	p = commit->parents;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		parents[i] = p->item;
+		p = p->next;
+		queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &diffqueues[i], commit, parents[i]);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		int changed;
+		cand[i] = NULL;
+		changed = process_all_files(&cand[i], rev, &diffqueues[i], range);
+		if (!changed) {
+			/*
+			 * This parent can take all the blame, so we
+			 * don't follow any other path in history
+			 */
+			add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+			clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+			commit->parents = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+			commit->parents->item = parents[i];
+			commit->parents->next = NULL;
+			free(parents);
+			free(cand);
+			free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+			/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No single parent took the blame.  We add the candidates
+	 * from the above loop to the parents.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+	}
+
+	clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+	free(parents);
+	free(cand);
+	free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+	return 1;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK evil merge detection stuff */
+	/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (range) {
+		if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
+			changed = process_ranges_ordinary_commit(rev, commit, range);
+		else
+			changed = process_ranges_merge_commit(rev, commit, range);
+	}
+
+	if (!changed)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static enum rewrite_result line_log_rewrite_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit **pp)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *p = *pp;
+		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!p->parents)
+			return rewrite_one_noparents;
+		*pp = p->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = rev->commits;
+	struct commit_list *out = NULL, **pp = &out;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *to_free = NULL;
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(rev, commit)) {
+			*pp = list;
+			pp = &list->next;
+		} else
+			to_free = list;
+		list = list->next;
+		free(to_free);
+	}
+	*pp = NULL;
+
+	for (list = out; list; list = list->next)
+		rewrite_parents(rev, list->item, line_log_rewrite_one);
+
+	rev->commits = out;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/line-log.h b/line-log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9212d84e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef LINE_LOG_H
+#define LINE_LOG_H
+
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct commit;
+
+/* A range [start,end].  Lines are numbered starting at 0, and the
+ * ranges include start but exclude end. */
+struct range {
+	long start, end;
+};
+
+/* A set of ranges.  The ranges must always be disjoint and sorted. */
+struct range_set {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct range *ranges;
+};
+
+/* A diff, encoded as the set of pre- and post-image ranges where the
+ * files differ. A pair of ranges corresponds to a hunk. */
+struct diff_ranges {
+	struct range_set parent;
+	struct range_set target;
+};
+
+extern void range_set_init(struct range_set *, size_t prealloc);
+extern void range_set_release(struct range_set *);
+/* Range includes start; excludes end */
+extern void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/* New range must begin at or after end of last added range */
+extern void range_set_append(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to sort and make the ranges disjoint.
+ */
+extern void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *);
+
+/* Linked list of interesting files and their associated ranges.  The
+ * list must be kept sorted by path.
+ *
+ * For simplicity, even though this is highly redundant, each
+ * line_log_data owns its 'path'.
+ */
+struct line_log_data {
+	struct line_log_data *next;
+	char *path;
+	char status;
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	int arg_alloc, arg_nr;
+	const char **args;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+};
+
+extern void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r);
+
+extern void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args);
+
+extern int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev);
+
+extern int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit);
+
+#endif /* LINE_LOG_H */
diff --git a/line-range.c b/line-range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de4e32f942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in the -L option
+ *
+ * 'begin' is applicable only to relative range anchors. Absolute anchors
+ * ignore this value.
+ *
+ * When parsing "-L A,B", parse_loc() is called once for A and once for B.
+ *
+ * When parsing A, 'begin' must be a negative number, the absolute value of
+ * which is the line at which relative start-of-range anchors should be
+ * based. Beginning of file is represented by -1.
+ *
+ * When parsing B, 'begin' must be the positive line number immediately
+ * following the line computed for 'A'.
+ */
+static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec, nth_line_fn_t nth_line,
+			     void *data, long lines, long begin, long *ret)
+{
+	char *term;
+	const char *line;
+	long num;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+
+	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
+	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
+	 * <something>.
+	 */
+	if (1 <= begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
+		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
+		if (term != spec + 1) {
+			if (!ret)
+				return term;
+			if (num == 0)
+				die("-L invalid empty range");
+			if (spec[0] == '-')
+				num = 0 - num;
+			if (0 < num)
+				*ret = begin + num - 2;
+			else if (!num)
+				*ret = begin;
+			else
+				*ret = begin + num;
+			return term;
+		}
+		return spec;
+	}
+	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
+	if (term != spec) {
+		if (ret) {
+			if (num <= 0)
+				die("-L invalid line number: %ld", num);
+			*ret = num;
+		}
+		return term;
+	}
+
+	if (begin < 0) {
+		if (spec[0] != '^')
+			begin = -begin;
+		else {
+			begin = 1;
+			spec++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (spec[0] != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
+	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
+		if (*term == '\\')
+			term++;
+	}
+	if (*term != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* in the scan-only case we are not interested in the regex */
+	if (!ret)
+		return term+1;
+
+	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
+	*term = 0;
+	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
+	line = nth_line(data, begin);
+
+	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
+	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
+		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
+		const char *nline;
+
+		while (begin++ < lines) {
+			nline = nth_line(data, begin);
+			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
+				break;
+			line = nline;
+		}
+		*ret = begin;
+		regfree(&regexp);
+		*term++ = '/';
+		return term;
+	}
+	else {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: %s",
+		    spec + 1, begin + 1, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int match_funcname(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *bol, const char *eol)
+{
+	if (xecfg) {
+		char buf[1];
+		return xecfg->find_func(bol, eol - bol, buf, 1,
+					xecfg->find_func_priv) >= 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bol == eol)
+		return 0;
+	if (isalpha(*bol) || *bol == '_' || *bol == '$')
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *find_funcname_matching_regexp(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *start,
+						 regex_t *regexp)
+{
+	int reg_error;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+	while (1) {
+		const char *bol, *eol;
+		reg_error = regexec(regexp, start, 1, match, 0);
+		if (reg_error == REG_NOMATCH)
+			return NULL;
+		else if (reg_error) {
+			char errbuf[1024];
+			regerror(reg_error, regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+			die("-L parameter: regexec() failed: %s", errbuf);
+		}
+		/* determine extent of line matched */
+		bol = start+match[0].rm_so;
+		eol = start+match[0].rm_eo;
+		while (bol > start && *bol != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		if (*bol == '\n')
+			bol++;
+		while (*eol && *eol != '\n')
+			eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			eol++;
+		/* is it a funcname line? */
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, (char*) bol, (char*) eol))
+			return bol;
+		start = eol;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *parse_range_funcname(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+					void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor, long *begin, long *end,
+					const char *path)
+{
+	char *pattern;
+	const char *term;
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = NULL;
+	const char *start;
+	const char *p;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		anchor = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+
+	assert(*arg == ':');
+	term = arg+1;
+	while (*term && *term != ':') {
+		if (*term == '\\' && *(term+1))
+			term++;
+		term++;
+	}
+	if (term == arg+1)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!begin) /* skip_range_arg case */
+		return term;
+
+	pattern = xstrndup(arg+1, term-(arg+1));
+
+	anchor--; /* input is in human terms */
+	start = nth_line_cb(cb_data, anchor);
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
+		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+		xecfg = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*xecfg));
+		xdiff_set_find_func(xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+	}
+
+	reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, pattern, REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (reg_error) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", pattern, errbuf);
+	}
+
+	p = find_funcname_matching_regexp(xecfg, (char*) start, &regexp);
+	if (!p)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: no match",
+		    pattern, anchor + 1);
+	*begin = 0;
+	while (p > nth_line_cb(cb_data, *begin))
+		(*begin)++;
+
+	if (*begin >= lines)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' matches at EOF", pattern);
+
+	*end = *begin+1;
+	while (*end < lines) {
+		const char *bol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end);
+		const char *eol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end+1);
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, bol, eol))
+			break;
+		(*end)++;
+	}
+
+	regfree(&regexp);
+	free(xecfg);
+	free(pattern);
+
+	/* compensate for 1-based numbering */
+	(*begin)++;
+
+	return term;
+}
+
+int parse_range_arg(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+		    void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+		    long *begin, long *end, const char *path)
+{
+	*begin = *end = 0;
+
+	if (anchor < 1)
+		anchor = 1;
+	if (anchor > lines)
+		anchor = lines + 1;
+
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':')) {
+		arg = parse_range_funcname(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, anchor, begin, end, path);
+		if (!arg || *arg)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, -anchor, begin);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg + 1, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, *begin + 1, end);
+
+	if (*arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*begin && *end && *end < *begin) {
+		long tmp;
+		tmp = *end; *end = *begin; *begin = tmp;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':'))
+		return parse_range_funcname(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, -1, NULL);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg+1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+	return arg;
+}
diff --git a/line-range.h b/line-range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83ba3c25e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef LINE_RANGE_H
+#define LINE_RANGE_H
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in an -L begin,end option w.r.t. the notional file
+ * object 'cb_data' consisting of 'lines' lines.
+ *
+ * The 'nth_line_cb' callback is used to determine the start of the
+ * line 'lno' inside the 'cb_data'.  The caller is expected to already
+ * have a suitable map at hand to make this a constant-time lookup.
+ *
+ * 'anchor' is the 1-based line at which relative range specifications
+ * should be anchored. Absolute ranges are unaffected by this value.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 in case of success and -1 if there was an error.  The
+ * actual range is stored in *begin and *end.  The counting starts
+ * at 1!  In case of error, the caller should show usage message.
+ */
+
+typedef const char *(*nth_line_fn_t)(void *data, long lno);
+
+extern int parse_range_arg(const char *arg,
+			   nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+			   void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+			   long *begin, long *end,
+			   const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Scan past a range argument that could be parsed by
+ * 'parse_range_arg', to help the caller determine the start of the
+ * filename in '-L n,m:file' syntax.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the first character after the 'n,m' part, or
+ * NULL in case the argument is obviously malformed.
+ */
+
+extern const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg);
+
+#endif /* LINE_RANGE_H */
diff --git a/list-objects.c b/list-objects.c
index 3dd4a96019..6cbedf0280 100644
--- a/list-objects.c
+++ b/list-objects.c
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 				     cb_data);
 	}
 	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
@@ -145,19 +144,35 @@ static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
 	}
 }
 
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list,
-			      struct rev_info *revs,
-			      show_edge_fn show_edge)
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *revs, show_edge_fn show_edge)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	int i;
+
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 
 		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (revs->edge_hint && !(commit->object.flags & SHOWN)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(commit, revs, show_edge);
 	}
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->cmdline.rev[i].item;
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)obj;
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+		if (revs->edge_hint && !(obj->flags & SHOWN)) {
+			obj->flags |= SHOWN;
+			show_edge(commit);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void add_pending_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct tree *tree)
diff --git a/list-objects.h b/list-objects.h
index 3db7bb6fa3..136a1da5a6 100644
--- a/list-objects.h
+++ b/list-objects.h
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ typedef void (*show_object_fn)(struct object *, const struct name_path *, const
 void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *, show_commit_fn, show_object_fn, void *);
 
 typedef void (*show_edge_fn)(struct commit *);
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *, struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index acea33bf1b..fb61ea66a1 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static const char *default_ll_merge;
 static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
@@ -236,15 +236,13 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
 	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "merge", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
 	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
 	 */
-	name = var + 6;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
 		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -256,16 +254,14 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
-	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("name", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("driver", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		/*
@@ -289,7 +285,7 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
diff --git a/lockfile.c b/lockfile.c
index c6fb77b26f..8fbcb6a98a 100644
--- a/lockfile.c
+++ b/lockfile.c
@@ -124,15 +124,17 @@ static char *resolve_symlink(char *p, size_t s)
 
 static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 {
-	if (strlen(path) >= sizeof(lk->filename))
-		return -1;
-	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
 	/*
 	 * subtract 5 from size to make sure there's room for adding
 	 * ".lock" for the lock file name
 	 */
+	static const size_t max_path_len = sizeof(lk->filename) - 5;
+
+	if (strlen(path) >= max_path_len)
+		return -1;
+	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
 	if (!(flags & LOCK_NODEREF))
-		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, sizeof(lk->filename)-5);
+		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, max_path_len);
 	strcat(lk->filename, ".lock");
 	lk->fd = open(lk->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
 	if (0 <= lk->fd) {
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index 4f86defe32..8534d91826 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
 struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
 
@@ -174,119 +176,52 @@ static void show_children(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, int abbre
 	}
 }
 
-void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+/*
+ * The caller makes sure there is no funny color before
+ * calling. format_decorations makes sure the same after return.
+ */
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit,
+			int use_color)
 {
 	const char *prefix;
 	struct name_decoration *decoration;
 	const char *color_commit =
-		diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT);
+		diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_COMMIT);
 	const char *color_reset =
-		decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DECORATION_NONE);
+		decorate_get_color(use_color, DECORATION_NONE);
 
-	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
-		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
-	if (!opt->show_decorations)
-		return;
 	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
 	if (!decoration)
 		return;
 	prefix = " (";
 	while (decoration) {
-		printf("%s", prefix);
-		fputs(decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, decoration->type),
-		      stdout);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, decoration->type));
 		if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
-			fputs("tag: ", stdout);
-		printf("%s", decoration->name);
-		fputs(color_reset, stdout);
-		fputs(color_commit, stdout);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "tag: ");
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decoration->name);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 		prefix = ", ";
 		decoration = decoration->next;
 	}
-	putchar(')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 }
 
-/*
- * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
- * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
- */
-static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
-{
-	char *cp;
-	int seen_colon = 0;
-	int seen_at = 0;
-	int seen_name = 0;
-	int seen_head = 0;
-
-	cp = letter + size;
-	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
-		continue;
-
-	while (letter <= cp) {
-		char ch = *cp--;
-		if (ch == '\n')
-			break;
-
-		if (!seen_at) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				seen_at = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!seen_colon) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				return 0;
-			else if (ch == ':')
-				seen_colon = 1;
-			else
-				seen_name = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
-		    ch == '-') {
-			seen_head = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return seen_head && seen_name;
-}
-
-static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
-	int has_signoff = 0;
-	char *cp;
-
-	cp = sb->buf;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
-	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
-
-		has_signoff = 1;
-
-		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
-		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
-			break;
-		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
-			continue;
-		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
-			continue;
-		/* we already have him */
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
 		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
-	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	format_decorations(&sb, commit, opt->diffopt.use_color);
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
@@ -299,26 +234,34 @@ static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
 	return result;
 }
 
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf)
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *filename,
+			const char *subject,
+			struct rev_info *info)
 {
-	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
-	int start_len = buf->len;
-
-	strbuf_addf(buf, commit || subject ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
-	if (commit || subject) {
-		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-
-		if (subject)
-			strbuf_addstr(buf, subject);
-		else if (commit)
-			format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
-
-		if (max_len < buf->len)
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
-	}
+	const char *suffix = info->patch_suffix;
+	int nr = info->nr;
+	int start_len = filename->len;
+	int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - (strlen(suffix) + 1);
+
+	if (0 < info->reroll_count)
+		strbuf_addf(filename, "v%d-", info->reroll_count);
+	strbuf_addf(filename, "%04d-%s", nr, subject);
+
+	if (max_len < filename->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(filename, max_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(filename, suffix);
+}
+
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *filename,
+		       struct commit *commit,
+		       struct rev_info *info)
+{
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%f", &subject, &ctx);
+	fmt_output_subject(filename, subject.buf, info);
+	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
@@ -387,8 +330,10 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
 		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
 
-		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL,
-				   opt->nr, opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		if (opt->numbered_files)
+			strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", opt->nr);
+		else
+			fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, opt);
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
 			 "\n--%s%s\n"
 			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
@@ -434,7 +379,7 @@ static void show_signature(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 
 	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
 				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
+				      &gpg_output, NULL);
 	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
 		strbuf_addstr(&gpg_output, "No signature\n");
 
@@ -498,20 +443,17 @@ static void show_one_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt,
 	gpg_message_offset = verify_message.len;
 
 	payload_size = parse_signature(extra->value, extra->len);
-	if ((extra->len <= payload_size) ||
-	    (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
-				  extra->value + payload_size,
-				  extra->len - payload_size,
-				  &verify_message) &&
-	     verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
-		status = -1;
-	}
-	else if (strstr(verify_message.buf + gpg_message_offset,
-			": Good signature from "))
-		status = 0;
-	else
-		status = -1;
+	status = -1;
+	if (extra->len > payload_size)
+		if (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
+					 extra->value + payload_size,
+					 extra->len - payload_size,
+					 &verify_message, NULL)) {
+			if (verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)
+				strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
+			else
+				status = 0;
+		}
 
 	show_sig_lines(opt, status, verify_message.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&verify_message);
@@ -615,8 +557,8 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 			printf(" (from %s)",
 			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
 						  abbrev_commit));
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
 		show_decorations(opt, commit);
-		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
 		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
 			putchar(' ');
 		} else {
@@ -662,8 +604,10 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 	/*
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
-	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
-		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0 && opt->add_signoff)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte =
+			has_non_ascii(fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					       getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
 	ctx.date_mode_explicit = opt->date_mode_explicit;
 	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
@@ -671,10 +615,15 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 	ctx.preserve_subject = opt->preserve_subject;
 	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
 	ctx.fmt = opt->commit_format;
+	ctx.mailmap = opt->mailmap;
+	ctx.color = opt->diffopt.use_color;
+	ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	if (opt->from_ident.mail_begin && opt->from_ident.name_begin)
+		ctx.from_ident = &opt->from_ident;
 	pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &msgbuf);
 
 	if (opt->add_signoff)
-		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP);
 
 	if ((ctx.fmt != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) &&
 	    ctx.notes_message && *ctx.notes_message) {
@@ -780,13 +729,16 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 {
 	int showed_log;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+	unsigned const char *sha1;
 
 	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
 		return 0;
 
+	parse_commit(commit);
+	sha1 = commit->tree->object.sha1;
+
 	/* Root commit? */
-	parents = commit->parents;
+	parents = get_saved_parents(opt, commit);
 	if (!parents) {
 		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
 			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
@@ -807,7 +759,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 			 * parent, showing summary diff of the others
 			 * we merged _in_.
 			 */
-			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			parse_commit(parents->item);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
+				       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 			return !opt->loginfo;
 		}
@@ -820,7 +774,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
 
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		parse_commit(parent);
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 
 		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
@@ -844,6 +800,9 @@ int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 	log.parent = NULL;
 	opt->loginfo = &log;
 
+	if (opt->line_level_traverse)
+		return line_log_print(opt, commit);
+
 	shown = log_tree_diff(opt, commit, &log);
 	if (!shown && opt->loginfo && opt->always_show_header) {
 		log.parent = NULL;
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
index f5ac238bba..d6ecd4dc46 100644
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *);
 int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
 int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit, int use_color);
 void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			     const char **subject_p,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
 
 #define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf);
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *, struct commit *, struct rev_info *);
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *, const char *subject, struct rev_info *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
index ea4b471ede..81890a6680 100644
--- a/mailmap.c
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@
 #define DEBUG_MAILMAP 0
 #if DEBUG_MAILMAP
 #define debug_mm(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define debug_str(X) ((X) ? (X) : "(none)")
 #else
 static inline void debug_mm(const char *format, ...) {}
+static inline const char *debug_str(const char *s) { return s; }
 #endif
 
 const char *git_mailmap_file;
+const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 struct mailmap_info {
 	char *name;
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ struct mailmap_entry {
 static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n", s, mi->name, mi->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 s, debug_str(mi->name), debug_str(mi->email));
 	free(mi->name);
 	free(mi->email);
 }
@@ -36,8 +40,11 @@ static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me = (struct mailmap_entry *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n", s, me->namemap.nr);
-	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n", me->name, me->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n",
+		 s, me->namemap.nr);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 debug_str(me->name), debug_str(me->email));
+
 	free(me->name);
 	free(me->email);
 
@@ -45,19 +52,26 @@ static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 	string_list_clear_func(&me->namemap, free_mailmap_info);
 }
 
+/*
+ * On some systems (e.g. MinGW 4.0), string.h has _only_ inline
+ * definition of strcasecmp and no non-inline implementation is
+ * supplied anywhere, which is, eh, "unusual"; we cannot take an
+ * address of such a function to store it in namemap.cmp.  This is
+ * here as a workaround---do not assign strcasecmp directly to
+ * namemap.cmp until we know no systems that matter have such an
+ * "unusual" string.h.
+ */
+static int namemap_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(a, b);
+}
+
 static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
-			char *new_name, char *new_email, char *old_name, char *old_email)
+			char *new_name, char *new_email,
+			char *old_name, char *old_email)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
 	int index;
-	char *p;
-
-	if (old_email)
-		for (p = old_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
-	if (new_email)
-		for (p = new_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
 
 	if (old_email == NULL) {
 		old_email = new_email;
@@ -67,16 +81,21 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 	if ((index = string_list_find_insert_index(map, old_email, 1)) < 0) {
 		/* mailmap entry exists, invert index value */
 		index = -1 - index;
+		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 	} else {
 		/* create mailmap entry */
-		struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
-		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
-		((struct mailmap_entry *)item->util)->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+
+		item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
+		me = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		me->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me->namemap.cmp = namemap_cmp;
+		item->util = me;
 	}
-	me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 
 	if (old_name == NULL) {
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n",
+			 old_email, index);
 		/* Replace current name and new email for simple entry */
 		if (new_name) {
 			free(me->name);
@@ -88,7 +107,8 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 		}
 	} else {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_info));
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n",
+			 old_email, index);
 		if (new_name)
 			mi->name = xstrdup(new_name);
 		if (new_email)
@@ -97,11 +117,12 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 	}
 
 	debug_mm("mailmap:  '%s' <%s> -> '%s' <%s>\n",
-		 old_name, old_email, new_name, new_email);
+		 debug_str(old_name), old_email,
+		 debug_str(new_name), debug_str(new_email));
 }
 
 static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
-		char **email, int allow_empty_email)
+				  char **email, int allow_empty_email)
 {
 	char *left, *right, *nstart, *nend;
 	*name = *email = NULL;
@@ -121,7 +142,7 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	while (nend > nstart && isspace(*nend))
 		--nend;
 
-	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
+	*name = (nstart <= nend ? nstart : NULL);
 	*email = left+1;
 	*(nend+1) = '\0';
 	*right++ = '\0';
@@ -129,54 +150,116 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
 }
 
-static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+static void read_mailmap_line(struct string_list *map, char *buffer,
+			      char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+	if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+		static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+		int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
+
+		if (!repo_abbrev)
+			return;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			free(*repo_abbrev);
+			*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
+
+			for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+				; /* nothing */
+			strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+		parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+	if (email1)
+		add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_file(struct string_list *map, const char *filename,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
 {
 	char buffer[1024];
-	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+	FILE *f;
 
-	if (f == NULL)
-		return 1;
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
-		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
-		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
-			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
-			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
-			int len = strlen(buffer);
-
-			if (!repo_abbrev)
-				continue;
-
-			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-				buffer[--len] = 0;
-			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
-				char *cp;
-
-				if (repo_abbrev)
-					free(*repo_abbrev);
-				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
-
-				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
-					; /* nothing */
-				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
-			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+	if (!filename)
+		return 0;
 
-		if (email1)
-			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to open mailmap at %s: %s",
+			     filename, strerror(errno));
 	}
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL)
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buffer, repo_abbrev);
 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void read_mailmap_string(struct string_list *map, char *buf,
+				char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	while (*buf) {
+		char *end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+
+		if (*end)
+			*end++ = '\0';
+
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+		buf = end;
+	}
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_blob(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *name,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to read mailmap object at %s", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return error("mailmap is not a blob: %s", name);
+
+	read_mailmap_string(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
 {
+	int err = 0;
+
 	map->strdup_strings = 1;
-	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
-	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
-	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+	map->cmp = namemap_cmp;
+
+	if (!git_mailmap_blob && is_bare_repository())
+		git_mailmap_blob = "HEAD:.mailmap";
+
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_blob(map, git_mailmap_blob, repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
@@ -187,60 +270,100 @@ void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
 	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Look for an entry in map that match string[0:len]; string[len]
+ * does not have to be NUL (but it could be).
+ */
+static struct string_list_item *lookup_prefix(struct string_list *map,
+					      const char *string, size_t len)
+{
+	int i = string_list_find_insert_index(map, string, 1);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		/* exact match */
+		i = -1 - i;
+		if (!string[len])
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * that map entry matches exactly to the string, including
+		 * the cruft at the end beyond "len".  That is not a match
+		 * with string[0:len] that we are looking for.
+		 */
+	} else if (!string[len]) {
+		/*
+		 * asked with the whole string, and got nothing.  No
+		 * matching entry can exist in the map.
+		 */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * i is at the exact match to an overlong key, or location the
+	 * overlong key would be inserted, which must come after the
+	 * real location of the key if one exists.
+	 */
+	while (0 <= --i && i < map->nr) {
+		int cmp = strncasecmp(map->items[i].string, string, len);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			/*
+			 * "i" points at a key definitely below the prefix;
+			 * the map does not have string[0:len] in it.
+			 */
+			break;
+		else if (!cmp && !map->items[i].string[len])
+			/* found it */
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * otherwise, the string at "i" may be string[0:len]
+		 * followed by a string that sorts later than string[len:];
+		 * keep trying.
+		 */
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 int map_user(struct string_list *map,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+	     const char **email, size_t *emaillen,
+	     const char **name, size_t *namelen)
 {
-	char *end_of_email;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
-	int i;
-
-	/* figure out space requirement for email */
-	end_of_email = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!end_of_email) {
-		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
-		end_of_email = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
-		if (!end_of_email)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	if (end_of_email - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
-		mailbuf = buf;
-	else
-		mailbuf = xmalloc(end_of_email - email + 1);
-
-	/* downcase the email address */
-	for (i = 0; i < end_of_email - email; i++)
-		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
-	mailbuf[i] = 0;
-
-	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
-	item = string_list_lookup(map, mailbuf);
+
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+		 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+		 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
+
+	item = lookup_prefix(map, *email, *emaillen);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 		if (me->namemap.nr) {
-			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
-			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
-			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(&me->namemap, name);
+			/*
+			 * The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on
+			 * name too. If the name is not found, we choose the
+			 * simple entry.
+			 */
+			struct string_list_item *subitem;
+			subitem = lookup_prefix(&me->namemap, *name, *namelen);
 			if (subitem)
 				item = subitem;
 		}
 	}
-	if (mailbuf != buf)
-		free(mailbuf);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
-		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+		if (mi->name == NULL && mi->email == NULL) {
 			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
-			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
-		else
-			*end_of_email = '\0';
-		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
-			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
-		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		if (mi->email) {
+				*email = mi->email;
+				*emaillen = strlen(*email);
+		}
+		if (mi->name) {
+				*name = mi->name;
+				*namelen = strlen(*name);
+		}
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+			 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+			 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
 		return 1;
 	}
 	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
index d5c3664322..ed7c93b05c 100644
--- a/mailmap.h
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen, const char **name, size_t *namelen);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
index 26f7ed143e..7873cdec58 100644
--- a/match-trees.c
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -47,6 +47,29 @@ static int score_matches(unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2, const char *path)
 	return score;
 }
 
+static void *fill_tree_desc_strict(struct tree_desc *desc,
+				   const unsigned char *hash)
+{
+	void *buffer;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(hash, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, buffer, size);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static int base_name_entries_compare(const struct name_entry *a,
+				     const struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return base_name_compare(a->path, tree_entry_len(a), a->mode,
+				 b->path, tree_entry_len(b), b->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
  */
@@ -54,71 +77,39 @@ static int score_trees(const unsigned char *hash1, const unsigned char *hash2)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
 	struct tree_desc two;
-	void *one_buf, *two_buf;
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
+	void *two_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&two, hash2);
 	int score = 0;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
 
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
-	two_buf = read_sha1_file(hash2, &type, &size);
-	if (!two_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
-	while (one.size | two.size) {
-		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
-		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
-		const char *path1 = path1;
-		const char *path2 = path2;
-		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
-		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct name_entry e1, e2;
+		int got_entry_from_one = tree_entry(&one, &e1);
+		int got_entry_from_two = tree_entry(&two, &e2);
 		int cmp;
 
-		if (one.size)
-			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
-		if (two.size)
-			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
-
-		if (!one.size) {
-			/* two has more entries */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!two.size) {
+		if (got_entry_from_one && got_entry_from_two)
+			cmp = base_name_entries_compare(&e1, &e2);
+		else if (got_entry_from_one)
 			/* two lacks this entry */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
-					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
-		if (cmp < 0) {
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (got_entry_from_two)
+			/* two has more entries */
+			cmp = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+
+		if (cmp < 0)
 			/* path1 does not appear in two */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			score += score_missing(e1.mode, e1.path);
+		else if (cmp > 0)
 			/* path2 does not appear in one */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			score += score_missing(e2.mode, e2.path);
+		else if (hashcmp(e1.sha1, e2.sha1))
 			/* they are different */
-			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+			score += score_differs(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 		else
 			/* same subtree or blob */
-			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
-		update_tree_entry(&one);
-		update_tree_entry(&two);
+			score += score_matches(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 	}
 	free(one_buf);
 	free(two_buf);
@@ -136,16 +127,7 @@ static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
 			int recurse_limit)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
-	void *one_buf;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
 
 	while (one.size) {
 		const char *path;
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-blobs.c
index 7845528e88..57211bccb7 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "blob.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static int generate_common_file(mmfile_t *res, mmfile_t *f1, mmfile_t *f2)
 	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 }
 
-void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+void *merge_blobs(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *res = NULL;
 	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
diff --git a/merge-blobs.h b/merge-blobs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b569e472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-blobs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_BLOBS_H
+#define MERGE_BLOBS_H
+
+#include "blob.h"
+
+extern void *merge_blobs(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+#endif /* MERGE_BLOBS_H */
diff --git a/merge-file.h b/merge-file.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b3b83ac6c..0000000000
--- a/merge-file.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MERGE_FILE_H
-#define MERGE_FILE_H
-
-extern void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our,
-			struct blob *their, unsigned long *size);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index d8820604ca..40eb840a52 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 		int i;
 		fprintf(stderr, "BUG: There are unmerged index entries:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				fprintf(stderr, "BUG: %d %.*s\n", ce_stage(ce),
 					(int)ce_namelen(ce), ce->name);
@@ -264,7 +264,8 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
 	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-			      active_cache, active_nr, 0) < 0)
+			      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+			      active_nr, 0) < 0)
 		die(_("error building trees"));
 
 	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ static int get_files_dirs(struct merge_options *o, struct tree *tree)
 {
 	int n;
 	struct pathspec match_all;
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &match_all, save_files_dirs, o))
 		return 0;
 	n = o->current_file_set.nr + o->current_directory_set.nr;
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ static struct string_list *get_unmerged(void)
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct stage_data *e;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 
@@ -976,7 +977,7 @@ merge_file_special_markers(struct merge_options *o,
 	return mfi;
 }
 
-static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file_one(struct merge_options *o,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
 					 const unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
@@ -1166,7 +1167,7 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_1to2(struct merge_options *o,
 		struct merge_file_info mfi;
 		struct diff_filespec other;
 		struct diff_filespec *add;
-		mfi = merge_file(o, one->path,
+		mfi = merge_file_one(o, one->path,
 				 one->sha1, one->mode,
 				 a->sha1, a->mode,
 				 b->sha1, b->mode,
@@ -1450,7 +1451,7 @@ static int process_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 				       ren1_dst, branch2);
 				if (o->call_depth) {
 					struct merge_file_info mfi;
-					mfi = merge_file(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
+					mfi = merge_file_one(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
 							 ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode,
 							 dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode,
 							 branch1, branch2);
@@ -2068,6 +2069,15 @@ int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "histogram"))
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if (!strcmp(s, "diff-algorithm=")) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(s+15);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return -1;
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(o, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		o->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		o->xdl_opts |= value;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
 		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
diff --git a/mergetools/defaults b/mergetools/defaults
deleted file mode 100644
index 21e63ecc3e..0000000000
--- a/mergetools/defaults
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# Redefined by builtin tools
-can_merge () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-can_diff () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-diff_cmd () {
-	status=1
-	return $status
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	status=1
-	return $status
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path () {
-	echo "$1"
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff b/mergetools/gvimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/kdiff3 b/mergetools/kdiff3
index 28fead428b..a30034f116 100644
--- a/mergetools/kdiff3
+++ b/mergetools/kdiff3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+	"$merge_tool_path" \
 		--L1 "$MERGED (A)" --L2 "$MERGED (B)" \
 		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
diff --git a/mergetools/p4merge b/mergetools/p4merge
index 295361a8aa..5a608abf9c 100644
--- a/mergetools/p4merge
+++ b/mergetools/p4merge
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
 diff_cmd () {
+	empty_file=
+
 	# p4merge does not like /dev/null
-	rm_local=
-	rm_remote=
 	if test "/dev/null" = "$LOCAL"
 	then
-		LOCAL="./p4merge-dev-null.LOCAL.$$"
-		>"$LOCAL"
-		rm_local=true
+		LOCAL="$(create_empty_file)"
 	fi
 	if test "/dev/null" = "$REMOTE"
 	then
-		REMOTE="./p4merge-dev-null.REMOTE.$$"
-		>"$REMOTE"
-		rm_remote=true
+		REMOTE="$(create_empty_file)"
 	fi
 
 	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 
-	if test -n "$rm_local"
-	then
-		rm -f "$LOCAL"
-	fi
-	if test -n "$rm_remote"
+	if test -n "$empty_file"
 	then
-		rm -f "$REMOTE"
+		rm -f "$empty_file"
 	fi
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	touch "$BACKUP"
-	$base_present || >"$BASE"
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	if ! $base_present
+	then
+		cp -- "$LOCAL" "$BASE"
+		create_virtual_base "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED"
 	check_unchanged
 }
+
+create_empty_file () {
+	empty_file="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/git-difftool-p4merge-empty-file.$$"
+	>"$empty_file"
+
+	printf "%s" "$empty_file"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/tortoisemerge b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
index ed7db495ed..3b89f1c82d 100644
--- a/mergetools/tortoisemerge
+++ b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
@@ -6,12 +6,29 @@ merge_cmd () {
 	if $base_present
 	then
 		touch "$BACKUP"
-		"$merge_tool_path" \
-			-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
-			-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		basename="$(basename "$merge_tool_path" .exe)"
+		if test "$basename" = "tortoisegitmerge"
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base "$BASE" -mine "$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs "$REMOTE" -merged "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		fi
 		check_unchanged
 	else
-		echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+		echo "$merge_tool_path cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
 		return 1
 	fi
 }
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type tortoisegitmerge >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo tortoisegitmerge
+	else
+		echo tortoisemerge
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vim b/mergetools/vimdiff
index 619594ae4b..39d032771b 100644
--- a/mergetools/vim
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
+	"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
+		-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index d8d25c23e9..617c86c537 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -24,46 +24,104 @@ static unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
 {
 	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
 
-	do {
+	while (namelen--) {
 		unsigned char c = *name++;
 		c = icase_hash(c);
 		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	} while (--namelen);
+	}
 	return hash;
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+struct dir_entry {
+	struct dir_entry *next;
+	struct dir_entry *parent;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int namelen;
+};
+
+static struct dir_entry *find_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		const char *name, unsigned int namelen)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	for (dir = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->dir_hash); dir; dir = dir->next)
+		if (dir->namelen == namelen &&
+		    !strncasecmp(dir->ce->name, name, namelen))
+			return dir;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *hash_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, int namelen)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
 	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
 	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
 	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
-	 * in the cache.
+	 * in index_state.name_hash (as ordinary cache_entries).
 	 *
-	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
-	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
-	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
-	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
-	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the dir_entry merely
+	 * supplies the name of the directory (up to dir_entry.namelen). We
+	 * track the number of 'active' files in a directory in dir_entry.nr,
+	 * so we can tell if the directory is still relevant, e.g. for git
+	 * status. However, if cache_entries are removed, we cannot pinpoint
+	 * an exact cache_entry that's still active. It is very possible that
+	 * multiple dir_entries point to the same cache_entry.
 	 */
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void **pos;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	/* get length of parent directory */
+	while (namelen > 0 && !is_dir_sep(ce->name[namelen - 1]))
+		namelen--;
+	if (namelen <= 0)
+		return NULL;
 
-	const char *ptr = ce->name;
-	while (*ptr) {
-		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-			++ptr;
-		if (*ptr == '/') {
-			++ptr;
-			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-			if (pos) {
-				ce->dir_next = *pos;
-				*pos = ce;
-			}
+	/* lookup existing entry for that directory */
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, ce->name, namelen);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* not found, create it and add to hash table */
+		void **pdir;
+		unsigned int hash = hash_name(ce->name, namelen);
+
+		dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct dir_entry));
+		dir->namelen = namelen;
+		dir->ce = ce;
+
+		pdir = insert_hash(hash, dir, &istate->dir_hash);
+		if (pdir) {
+			dir->next = *pdir;
+			*pdir = dir;
 		}
+
+		/* recursively add missing parent directories */
+		dir->parent = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, namelen - 1);
 	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+static void add_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* Add reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0). */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(dir->nr++))
+		dir = dir->parent;
+}
+
+static void remove_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Release reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0).
+	 *
+	 * Note: we do not remove / free the entry because there's no
+	 * hash.[ch]::remove_hash and dir->next may point to other entries
+	 * that are still valid, so we must not free the memory.
+	 */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && dir->nr && !(--dir->nr))
+		dir = dir->parent;
 }
 
 static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
@@ -74,7 +132,7 @@ static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
 		return;
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
-	ce->next = ce->dir_next = NULL;
+	ce->next = NULL;
 	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
 	if (pos) {
@@ -82,8 +140,8 @@ static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 		*pos = ce;
 	}
 
-	if (ignore_case)
-		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
+	if (ignore_case && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED))
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -92,6 +150,8 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	if (istate->cache_nr)
+		preallocate_hash(&istate->name_hash, istate->cache_nr);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
@@ -99,11 +159,33 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
+	/* if already hashed, add reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_STATE_MASK)
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
 	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
+/*
+ * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
+ * we won't find it in lookups.
+ *
+ * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
+ * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
+ * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
+ * it.
+ */
+void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* if already hashed, release reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_HASHED)
+		remove_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
+}
+
 static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
 {
 	if (len1 != len2)
@@ -137,18 +219,7 @@ static int same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *name, int namelen
 	if (!icase)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
-	 * the lengths exactly.
-	 */
-	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
-		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
-
-	/*
-	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
-	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
-	 */
-	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
 }
 
 struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
@@ -164,27 +235,54 @@ struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *na
 			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
 				return ce;
 		}
-		if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
-			ce = ce->dir_next;
-		else
-			ce = ce->next;
+		ce = ce->next;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
+	 * When looking for a directory (trailing '/'), it might be a
+	 * submodule or a directory. Despite submodules being directories,
 	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
-	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
-	 * with their closing slash.
+	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in a separate hash
+	 * table *with* their closing slash.
 	 *
 	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
+	 * lookup the directory in a separate hash table, and if not found
 	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
 	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
 	 * true.
 	 */
 	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
+		struct dir_entry *dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, namelen);
+		if (dir && dir->nr)
+			return dir->ce;
+
 		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
 		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 			return ce;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+static int free_dir_entry(void *entry, void *unused)
+{
+	struct dir_entry *dir = entry;
+	while (dir) {
+		struct dir_entry *next = dir->next;
+		free(dir);
+		dir = next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+	if (ignore_case)
+		/* free directory entries */
+		for_each_hash(&istate->dir_hash, free_dir_entry, NULL);
+
+	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_hash(&istate->dir_hash);
+}
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index 0f67bd3f96..94a1a8ae46 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 struct notes_merge_pair {
 	unsigned char obj[20], base[20], local[20], remote[20];
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->remote));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
 	*num_changes = len;
 	return changes;
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->local));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 }
 
 static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
@@ -530,32 +531,6 @@ static int merge_from_diffs(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
 }
 
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-
-	assert(t->initialized);
-
-	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
-		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
-
-	if (!parents) {
-		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
-		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
-			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
-			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
-				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
-			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
-		}
-		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
-	}
-
-	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
-		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
-}
-
 int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
 		unsigned char *result_sha1)
diff --git a/notes-merge.h b/notes-merge.h
index 0c11b173a1..1d01f6aacf 100644
--- a/notes-merge.h
+++ b/notes-merge.h
@@ -26,20 +26,6 @@ struct notes_merge_options {
 void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o);
 
 /*
- * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
- *
- * Properties of the created commit:
- * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
- * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
- * - author/committer: the default determined by commmit_tree().
- * - commit message: msg
- *
- * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
- */
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
-
-/*
  * Merge notes from o->remote_ref into o->local_ref
  *
  * The given notes_tree 'local_tree' must be the notes_tree referenced by the
diff --git a/notes-utils.c b/notes-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9107c379d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	assert(t->initialized);
+
+	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
+		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
+
+	if (!parents) {
+		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
+		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
+		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
+			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
+				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
+			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		}
+		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
+		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
+}
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+
+	if (!t)
+		t = &default_notes_tree;
+	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
+		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
+	if (!t->dirty)
+		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
+
+	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
+	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
+
+	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
+	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
+	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
+		return combine_notes_overwrite;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
+		return combine_notes_ignore;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
+		return combine_notes_concatenate;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
+	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
+		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
+		if (!v)
+			config_error_nonbool(k);
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
+		if (!c->combine) {
+			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
+		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
+		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
+		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
+			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
+		else
+			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
+				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
+	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+	c->cmd = cmd;
+	c->enabled = 1;
+	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
+	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+	c->refs_from_env = 0;
+	c->mode_from_env = 0;
+	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
+		c->mode_from_env = 1;
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
+		if (!c->combine)
+			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
+			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
+					rewrite_mode_env);
+	}
+	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
+		c->refs_from_env = 1;
+		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
+	}
+	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
+	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
+		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+		free(c->refs);
+		free(c);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
+	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+	free(c->refs);
+	return c;
+}
+
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
+		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
+		commit_notes(c->trees[i], msg);
+		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
+	}
+	free(c->trees);
+	free(c);
+}
diff --git a/notes-utils.h b/notes-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..564e30cccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_UTILS_H
+#define NOTES_UTILS_H
+
+#include "notes.h"
+
+/*
+ * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
+ *
+ * Properties of the created commit:
+ * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
+ * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
+ * - author/committer: the default determined by commit_tree().
+ * - commit message: msg
+ *
+ * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
+ */
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
+	struct notes_tree **trees;
+	const char *cmd;
+	int enabled;
+	combine_notes_fn combine;
+	struct string_list *refs;
+	int refs_from_env;
+	int mode_from_env;
+};
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index f63fd572d6..b69c0b8257 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -918,17 +918,21 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 				   int flag, void *cb)
 {
 	struct string_list *refs = cb;
-	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, path))
-		string_list_append(refs, path);
+	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, refname))
+		string_list_append(refs, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The list argument must have strdup_strings set on it.
+ */
 void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 {
+	assert(list->strdup_strings);
 	if (has_glob_specials(glob)) {
 		for_each_glob_ref(string_list_add_one_ref, glob, list);
 	} else {
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index 3324c486a1..2a3f923380 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ const char *default_notes_ref(void);
  * variable is used, and if that is missing, the default notes ref is used
  * ("refs/notes/commits").
  *
- * If you need to re-intialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
+ * If you need to re-initialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
  * one notes ref to another), you must first de-initialize the notes_tree
  * structure by calling free_notes(struct notes_tree *).
  *
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 4af3451bf8..5f792cbfd3 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -43,16 +43,17 @@ int type_from_string(const char *str)
 	die("invalid object type \"%s\"", str);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_obj(struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+static unsigned int hash_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int n)
 {
 	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	/* Assumes power-of-2 hash sizes in grow_object_hash */
+	return hash & (n - 1);
 }
 
 static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
 {
-	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj, size);
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj->sha1, size);
 
 	while (hash[j]) {
 		j++;
@@ -62,22 +63,15 @@ static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned i
 	hash[j] = obj;
 }
 
-static unsigned int hashtable_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	memcpy(&i, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return i % obj_hash_size;
-}
-
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int i, first;
 	struct object *obj;
 
 	if (!obj_hash)
 		return NULL;
 
-	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
+	first = i = hash_obj(sha1, obj_hash_size);
 	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
 		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
 			break;
@@ -85,12 +79,26 @@ struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		if (i == obj_hash_size)
 			i = 0;
 	}
+	if (obj && i != first) {
+		/*
+		 * Move object to where we started to look for it so
+		 * that we do not need to walk the hash table the next
+		 * time we look for it.
+		 */
+		struct object *tmp = obj_hash[i];
+		obj_hash[i] = obj_hash[first];
+		obj_hash[first] = tmp;
+	}
 	return obj;
 }
 
 static void grow_object_hash(void)
 {
 	int i;
+	/*
+	 * Note that this size must always be power-of-2 to match hash_obj
+	 * above.
+	 */
 	int new_hash_size = obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * obj_hash_size;
 	struct object **new_hash;
 
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@ struct object *lookup_unknown_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
-	int eaten = 0;
+	*eaten_p = 0;
 
 	obj = NULL;
 	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 			if (!tree->object.parsed) {
 				if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
 					return NULL;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 		}
 	} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 				return NULL;
 			if (!commit->buffer) {
 				commit->buffer = buffer;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 			obj = &commit->object;
 		}
@@ -181,10 +189,19 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 	}
 	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_NONE)
 		obj->type = type;
-	*eaten_p = eaten;
 	return obj;
 }
 
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (o)
+		return o;
+
+	die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
@@ -250,11 +267,18 @@ void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array
 	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
 }
 
+/*
+ * A zero-length string to which object_array_entry::name can be
+ * initialized without requiring a malloc/free.
+ */
+static char object_array_slopbuf[1];
+
 void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
 {
 	unsigned nr = array->nr;
 	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	struct object_array_entry *entry;
 
 	if (nr >= alloc) {
 		alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
@@ -262,28 +286,67 @@ void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct obj
 		array->alloc = alloc;
 		array->objects = objects;
 	}
-	objects[nr].item = obj;
-	objects[nr].name = name;
-	objects[nr].mode = mode;
+	entry = &objects[nr];
+	entry->item = obj;
+	if (!name)
+		entry->name = NULL;
+	else if (!*name)
+		/* Use our own empty string instead of allocating one: */
+		entry->name = object_array_slopbuf;
+	else
+		entry->name = xstrdup(name);
+	entry->mode = mode;
 	array->nr = ++nr;
 }
 
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
 {
-	unsigned int ref, src, dst;
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src, dst;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
 
-	for (ref = 0; ref + 1 < array->nr; ref++) {
-		for (src = ref + 1, dst = src;
-		     src < array->nr;
-		     src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(objects[ref].name, objects[src].name))
-				continue;
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&objects[src], cb_data)) {
 			if (src != dst)
 				objects[dst] = objects[src];
 			dst++;
+		} else {
+			if (objects[src].name != object_array_slopbuf)
+				free(objects[src].name);
+		}
+	}
+	array->nr = dst;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff array already contains an entry with name.
+ */
+static int contains_name(struct object_array *array, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, i;
+	struct object_array_entry *object = array->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++, object++)
+		if (!strcmp(object->name, name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	array->nr = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (!contains_name(array, objects[src].name)) {
+			if (src != array->nr)
+				objects[array->nr] = objects[src];
+			array->nr++;
+		} else {
+			if (objects[src].name != object_array_slopbuf)
+				free(objects[src].name);
 		}
-		array->nr = dst;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index 6a97b6ba1a..2ff68c52dd 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ struct object_array {
 	unsigned int alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry {
 		struct object *item;
-		const char *name;
+		/*
+		 * name or NULL.  If non-NULL, the memory pointed to
+		 * is owned by this object *except* if it points at
+		 * object_array_slopbuf, which is a static copy of the
+		 * empty string.
+		 */
+		char *name;
 		unsigned mode;
 	} *objects;
 };
@@ -54,9 +60,20 @@ struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
 
-/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+/*
+ * Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the object is missing or corrupt.
+ */
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Like parse_object, but will die() instead of returning NULL. If the
+ * "name" parameter is not NULL, it is included in the error message
+ * (otherwise, the sha1 hex is given).
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name);
+
 /* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
  * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
  * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
@@ -74,7 +91,22 @@ int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj);
 /* Object array handling .. */
 void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array);
 void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode);
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *);
+
+typedef int (*object_array_each_func_t)(struct object_array_entry *, void *);
+
+/*
+ * Apply want to each entry in array, retaining only the entries for
+ * which the function returns true.  Preserve the order of the entries
+ * that are retained.
+ */
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove from array all but the first entry with a given name.
+ * Warning: this function uses an O(N^2) algorithm.
+ */
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array);
 
 void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags);
 
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f09a054228..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "refs.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
-
-struct ref_to_prune {
-	struct ref_to_prune *next;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-};
-
-struct pack_refs_cb_data {
-	unsigned int flags;
-	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
-	FILE *refs_file;
-};
-
-static int do_not_prune(int flags)
-{
-	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
-	 * do not prune it.
-	 */
-	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
-}
-
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
-	int is_tag_ref;
-
-	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
-	if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-	is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-
-	/* ALWAYS pack refs that were already packed or are tags */
-	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref && !(flags & REF_ISPACKED))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	if (is_tag_ref) {
-		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
-			if (o)
-				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
-		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
-		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
-		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
-		strcpy(n->name, path);
-		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
-		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
- * Note: munges *name.
- */
-static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
-{
-	char *p, *q;
-	int i;
-	p = name;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
-		while (*p && *p != '/')
-			p++;
-		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
-		while (*p == '/')
-			p++;
-	}
-	for (q = p; *q; q++)
-		;
-	while (1) {
-		while (q > p && *q != '/')
-			q--;
-		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
-			q--;
-		if (q == p)
-			break;
-		*q = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
-static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
-
-	if (lock) {
-		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
-	}
-}
-
-static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	while (r) {
-		prune_ref(r);
-		r = r->next;
-	}
-}
-
-static struct lock_file packed;
-
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
-{
-	int fd;
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
-
-	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
-	cbdata.flags = flags;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
-	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
-		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
-
-	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
-
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
-	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	if (fflush(cbdata.refs_file) || fsync(fd) || fclose(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die_errno("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed and then fclose()'ed above,
-	 * assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	packed.fd = -1;
-	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
-	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/pack-refs.h b/pack-refs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 518acfb370..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PACK_REFS_H
-#define PACK_REFS_H
-
-/*
- * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
- * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
- * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
- */
-#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
-#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
-
-/*
- * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
- * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
- */
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
-
-#endif /* PACK_REFS_H */
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
index 77a0465be6..b4d2b35bb3 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.c
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -59,11 +59,101 @@ static void init_pack_revindex(void)
 	/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
 }
 
-static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * This is a least-significant-digit radix sort.
+ *
+ * It sorts each of the "n" items in "entries" by its offset field. The "max"
+ * parameter must be at least as large as the largest offset in the array,
+ * and lets us quit the sort early.
+ */
+static void sort_revindex(struct revindex_entry *entries, unsigned n, off_t max)
 {
-	const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
-	const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
-	return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+	/*
+	 * We use a "digit" size of 16 bits. That keeps our memory
+	 * usage reasonable, and we can generally (for a 4G or smaller
+	 * packfile) quit after two rounds of radix-sorting.
+	 */
+#define DIGIT_SIZE (16)
+#define BUCKETS (1 << DIGIT_SIZE)
+	/*
+	 * We want to know the bucket that a[i] will go into when we are using
+	 * the digit that is N bits from the (least significant) end.
+	 */
+#define BUCKET_FOR(a, i, bits) (((a)[(i)].offset >> (bits)) & (BUCKETS-1))
+
+	/*
+	 * We need O(n) temporary storage. Rather than do an extra copy of the
+	 * partial results into "entries", we sort back and forth between the
+	 * real array and temporary storage. In each iteration of the loop, we
+	 * keep track of them with alias pointers, always sorting from "from"
+	 * to "to".
+	 */
+	struct revindex_entry *tmp = xmalloc(n * sizeof(*tmp));
+	struct revindex_entry *from = entries, *to = tmp;
+	int bits;
+	unsigned *pos = xmalloc(BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+	/*
+	 * If (max >> bits) is zero, then we know that the radix digit we are
+	 * on (and any higher) will be zero for all entries, and our loop will
+	 * be a no-op, as everybody lands in the same zero-th bucket.
+	 */
+	for (bits = 0; max >> bits; bits += DIGIT_SIZE) {
+		struct revindex_entry *swap;
+		unsigned i;
+
+		memset(pos, 0, BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+		/*
+		 * We want pos[i] to store the index of the last element that
+		 * will go in bucket "i" (actually one past the last element).
+		 * To do this, we first count the items that will go in each
+		 * bucket, which gives us a relative offset from the last
+		 * bucket. We can then cumulatively add the index from the
+		 * previous bucket to get the true index.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]++;
+		for (i = 1; i < BUCKETS; i++)
+			pos[i] += pos[i-1];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now we can drop the elements into their correct buckets (in
+		 * our temporary array).  We iterate the pos counter backwards
+		 * to avoid using an extra index to count up. And since we are
+		 * going backwards there, we must also go backwards through the
+		 * array itself, to keep the sort stable.
+		 *
+		 * Note that we use an unsigned iterator to make sure we can
+		 * handle 2^32-1 objects, even on a 32-bit system. But this
+		 * means we cannot use the more obvious "i >= 0" loop condition
+		 * for counting backwards, and must instead check for
+		 * wrap-around with UINT_MAX.
+		 */
+		for (i = n - 1; i != UINT_MAX; i--)
+			to[--pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]] = from[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now "to" contains the most sorted list, so we swap "from" and
+		 * "to" for the next iteration.
+		 */
+		swap = from;
+		from = to;
+		to = swap;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we ended with our data in the original array, great. If not,
+	 * we have to move it back from the temporary storage.
+	 */
+	if (from != entries)
+		memcpy(entries, tmp, n * sizeof(*entries));
+	free(tmp);
+	free(pos);
+
+#undef BUCKET_FOR
+#undef BUCKETS
+#undef DIGIT_SIZE
 }
 
 /*
@@ -72,8 +162,8 @@ static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p = rix->p;
-	int num_ent = p->num_objects;
-	int i;
+	unsigned num_ent = p->num_objects;
+	unsigned i;
 	const char *index = p->index_data;
 
 	rix->revindex = xmalloc(sizeof(*rix->revindex) * (num_ent + 1));
@@ -108,13 +198,13 @@ static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 	 */
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
-	qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+	sort_revindex(rix->revindex, num_ent, p->pack_size);
 }
 
 struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 {
 	int num;
-	int lo, hi;
+	unsigned lo, hi;
 	struct pack_revindex *rix;
 	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
 
@@ -132,7 +222,7 @@ struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 	lo = 0;
 	hi = p->num_objects + 1;
 	do {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		unsigned mi = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
 		if (revindex[mi].offset == ofs) {
 			return revindex + mi;
 		} else if (ofs < revindex[mi].offset)
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index c1ecf657fd..fa19765eb9 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty)
 		pager = getenv("PAGER");
 	if (!pager)
 		pager = DEFAULT_PAGER;
-	else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
+	if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
 		pager = NULL;
 
 	return pager;
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 0de5fb168a..be8c413cfe 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	return parse_expiry_date(arg, (unsigned long *)opt->value);
+}
+
 int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			    int unset)
 {
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index c1c66bd408..62e9b1cc68 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			       const char * const *usagestr,
@@ -18,15 +19,6 @@ int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
 	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
 }
 
-int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
-		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
-	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
-		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-}
-
 static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		   int flags, const char **arg)
 {
@@ -51,8 +43,42 @@ static void fix_filename(const char *prefix, const char **file)
 	*file = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), *file));
 }
 
+static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
+				  const struct option *all_opts,
+				  int flags)
+{
+	const struct option *that;
+	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the other option that was used to set the variable
+	 * already, and report that this is not compatible with it.
+	 */
+	for (that = all_opts; that->type != OPTION_END; that++) {
+		if (that == opt ||
+		    that->type != OPTION_CMDMODE ||
+		    that->value != opt->value ||
+		    that->defval != *(int *)opt->value)
+			continue;
+
+		if (that->long_name)
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&message, ": incompatible with %s", that_name.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&that_name);
+		opterror(opt, message.buf, flags);
+		strbuf_release(&message);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return opterror(opt, ": incompatible with something else", flags);
+}
+
 static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
-		     const struct option *opt, int flags)
+		     const struct option *opt,
+		     const struct option *all_opts,
+		     int flags)
 {
 	const char *s, *arg;
 	const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
@@ -91,6 +117,16 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
+	case OPTION_CMDMODE:
+		/*
+		 * Giving the same mode option twice, although is unnecessary,
+		 * is not a grave error, so let it pass.
+		 */
+		if (*(int *)opt->value && *(int *)opt->value != opt->defval)
+			return opt_command_mode_error(opt, all_opts, flags);
+		*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
 	case OPTION_SET_PTR:
 		*(void **)opt->value = unset ? NULL : (void *)opt->defval;
 		return 0;
@@ -151,12 +187,13 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 
 static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const struct option *numopt = NULL;
 
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
 			p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -185,6 +222,7 @@ static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *optio
 static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
                           const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const char *arg_end = strchr(arg, '=');
 	const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
 	int abbrev_flags = 0, ambiguous_flags = 0;
@@ -261,7 +299,7 @@ is_abbreviated:
 				continue;
 			p->opt = rest + 1;
 		}
-		return get_value(p, options, flags ^ opt_flags);
+		return get_value(p, options, all_opts, flags ^ opt_flags);
 	}
 
 	if (ambiguous_option)
@@ -273,18 +311,20 @@ is_abbreviated:
 			(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
 			abbrev_option->long_name);
 	if (abbrev_option)
-		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, abbrev_flags);
+		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, all_opts, abbrev_flags);
 	return -2;
 }
 
 static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 			    const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
 	return -2;
 }
@@ -470,8 +510,11 @@ int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
 		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
 			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
-		} else {
+		} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
 			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'",
+			      ctx.argv[0]);
 		}
 		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 	}
@@ -491,7 +534,7 @@ static int usage_argh(const struct option *opts, FILE *outfile)
 			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
 	else
 		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
-	return fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
+	return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
 }
 
 #define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
@@ -550,7 +593,7 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->long_name)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
+			pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
 
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
 		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -594,3 +637,12 @@ static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, opts, 0, err);
 }
 
+#undef opterror
+int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 71a39c60d9..8736006ed7 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_COUNTUP,
 	OPTION_SET_INT,
 	OPTION_SET_PTR,
+	OPTION_CMDMODE,
 	/* options with arguments (usually) */
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
@@ -21,9 +22,6 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPTION_BOOLEAN OPTION_COUNTUP
-
 enum parse_opt_flags {
 	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH = 1,
 	PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION = 2,
@@ -128,8 +126,12 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_BOOL(s, l, v, h)        OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, 1)
+#define OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(s, l, v, h) { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1}
 #define OPT_SET_PTR(s, l, v, h, p)  { OPTION_SET_PTR, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (p) }
+#define OPT_CMDMODE(s, l, v, h, i) { OPTION_CMDMODE, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG|PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), N_("n"), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING(s, l, v, a, h)   { OPTION_STRING,  (s), (l), (v), (a), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING_LIST(s, l, v, a, h) \
@@ -140,6 +142,9 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("time"),(h), 0,	\
 	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
+#define OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("expiry date"),(h), 0,	\
+	  parse_opt_expiry_date_cb }
 #define OPT_CALLBACK(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), 0, (f) }
 #define OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(v, h, f) \
@@ -177,6 +182,10 @@ extern NORETURN void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
 
 extern int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason);
 extern int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), -1)
+#endif
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -215,6 +224,7 @@ extern int parse_options_concat(struct option *dst, size_t, struct option *src);
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index cbbdf7d6ba..9fd28bcd08 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /*
- * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
- * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
- * interface for paths.
- *
- * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
- * useful for doing things like
- *
- *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
- *
- * which is what it's designed for.
+ * Utilities for paths and pathnames
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
 
@@ -388,28 +389,14 @@ const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+static int calc_shared_perm(int mode)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+	int tweak;
 
-	if (!shared_repository) {
-		if (mode)
-			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!mode) {
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		mode = st.st_mode;
-		orig_mode = mode;
-	} else
-		orig_mode = 0;
 	if (shared_repository < 0)
-		shared = -shared_repository;
+		tweak = -shared_repository;
 	else
-		shared = shared_repository;
-	tweak = shared;
+		tweak = shared_repository;
 
 	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
 		tweak &= ~0222;
@@ -421,56 +408,126 @@ int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
 	else
 		mode |= tweak;
 
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+	return mode;
+}
+
+
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path)
+{
+	int old_mode, new_mode;
+
+	if (!shared_repository)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_st_mode_bits(path, &old_mode) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	new_mode = calc_shared_perm(old_mode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(old_mode)) {
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
-		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
-		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+		new_mode |= (new_mode & 0444) >> 2;
+		new_mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
 	}
 
-	if (((shared_repository < 0
-	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
-	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
-	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+	if (((old_mode ^ new_mode) & ~S_IFMT) &&
+			chmod(path, (new_mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
 		return -2;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
+/*
+ * Give path as relative to prefix.
+ *
+ * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
+ * returned path.
+ */
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	int in_len = in ? strlen(in) : 0;
+	int prefix_len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int in_off = 0;
+	int prefix_off = 0;
 	int i = 0, j = 0;
 
-	if (!base || !base[0])
-		return abs;
-	while (base[i]) {
-		if (is_dir_sep(base[i])) {
-			if (!is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
-				return abs;
-			while (is_dir_sep(base[i]))
+	if (!in_len)
+		return "./";
+	else if (!prefix_len)
+		return in;
+
+	while (i < prefix_len && j < in_len && prefix[i] == in[j]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
 				i++;
-			while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			prefix_off = i;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			i++;
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (
+	    /* "prefix" seems like prefix of "in" */
+	    i >= prefix_len &&
+	    /*
+	     * but "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar"
+	     * (i.e. prefix not end with '/')
+	     */
+	    prefix_off < prefix_len) {
+		if (j >= in_len) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b" */
+			in_off = in_len;
+		} else if (is_dir_sep(in[j])) {
+			/* in="/a/b/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 				j++;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			/* in="/a/bbb/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			i = prefix_off;
+		}
+	} else if (
+		   /* "in" is short than "prefix" */
+		   j >= in_len &&
+		   /* "in" not end with '/' */
+		   in_off < in_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b/c/" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			in_off = in_len;
+		}
+	}
+	in += in_off;
+	in_len -= in_off;
+
+	if (i >= prefix_len) {
+		if (!in_len)
+			return "./";
+		else
+			return in;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	strbuf_grow(sb, in_len);
+
+	while (i < prefix_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
 			continue;
-		} else if (abs[j] != base[i]) {
-			return abs;
 		}
 		i++;
-		j++;
 	}
-	if (
-	    /* "/foo" is a prefix of "/foo" */
-	    abs[j] &&
-	    /* "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar" */
-	    !is_dir_sep(base[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(abs[j])
-	   )
-		return abs;
-	while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
-		j++;
-	if (!abs[j])
-		strcpy(buf, ".");
-	else
-		strcpy(buf, abs + j);
-	return buf;
+	if (!is_dir_sep(prefix[prefix_len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, in);
+
+	return sb->buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -486,8 +543,14 @@ const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
  *
  * Note that this function is purely textual.  It does not follow symlinks,
  * verify the existence of the path, or make any system calls.
+ *
+ * prefix_len != NULL is for a specific case of prefix_pathspec():
+ * assume that src == dst and src[0..prefix_len-1] is already
+ * normalized, any time "../" eats up to the prefix_len part,
+ * prefix_len is reduced. In the end prefix_len is the remaining
+ * prefix that has not been overridden by user pathspec.
  */
-int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len)
 {
 	char *dst0;
 
@@ -562,50 +625,52 @@ int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
 		/* Windows: dst[-1] cannot be backslash anymore */
 		while (dst0 < dst && dst[-1] != '/')
 			dst--;
+		if (prefix_len && *prefix_len > dst - dst0)
+			*prefix_len = dst - dst0;
 	}
 	*dst = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	return normalize_path_copy_len(dst, src, NULL);
+}
+
 /*
  * path = Canonical absolute path
- * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ * prefixes = string_list containing normalized, absolute paths without
+ * trailing slashes (except for the root directory, which is denoted by "/").
  *
- * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * Determines, for each path in prefixes, whether the "prefix"
  * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
  * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
- * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
- * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefixes is
+ * ["/"].) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
  * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
  * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
- * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ * allowed.
  */
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes)
 {
-	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *ceil, *colon;
-	int len, max_len = -1;
+	int i, max_len = -1;
 
-	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/"))
 		return -1;
 
-	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
-		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
-		len = colon - ceil;
-		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
-			continue;
-		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
-		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buf);
-		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
-			buf[--len] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *ceil = prefixes->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(ceil);
+
+		if (len == 1 && ceil[0] == '/')
+			len = 0; /* root matches anything, with length 0 */
+		else if (!strncmp(path, ceil, len) && path[len] == '/')
+			; /* match of length len */
+		else
+			continue; /* no match */
 
-		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
-		    path[len] == '/' &&
-		    len > max_len) {
+		if (len > max_len)
 			max_len = len;
-		}
 	}
 
 	return max_len;
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad1a9f5b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * For each pathspec, sets the corresponding entry in the seen[] array
+ * (which should be specs items long, i.e. the same size as pathspec)
+ * to the nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) match found for
+ * that pathspec in the index, if it was a closer type of match than
+ * the existing entry.  As an optimization, matching is skipped
+ * altogether if seen[] already only contains non-zero entries.
+ *
+ * If seen[] has not already been written to, it may make sense
+ * to use find_pathspecs_matching_against_index() instead.
+ */
+void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+					char *seen)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * This is a one-shot wrapper around add_pathspec_matches_against_index()
+ * which allocates, populates, and returns a seen[] array indicating the
+ * nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) matches which each of the
+ * given pathspecs achieves against all items in the index.
+ */
+char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
+	return seen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Magic pathspec
+ *
+ * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
+ *
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
+ *
+ */
+
+static struct pathspec_magic {
+	unsigned bit;
+	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
+	const char *name;
+} pathspec_magic[] = {
+	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_LITERAL,   0, "literal" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_GLOB,   '\0', "glob" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE,  '\0', "icase" },
+};
+
+/*
+ * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
+ * Append the result to the prefix. Return the magic bitmap.
+ *
+ * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
+ * "top" magic.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
+ * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
+ * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
+ * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
+ * string cannot express such a case.
+ */
+static unsigned prefix_pathspec(struct pathspec_item *item,
+				unsigned *p_short_magic,
+				const char **raw, unsigned flags,
+				const char *prefix, int prefixlen,
+				const char *elt)
+{
+	static int literal_global = -1;
+	static int glob_global = -1;
+	static int noglob_global = -1;
+	static int icase_global = -1;
+	unsigned magic = 0, short_magic = 0, global_magic = 0;
+	const char *copyfrom = elt, *long_magic_end = NULL;
+	char *match;
+	int i, pathspec_prefix = -1;
+
+	if (literal_global < 0)
+		literal_global = git_env_bool(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (literal_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	if (glob_global < 0)
+		glob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (glob_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	if (noglob_global < 0)
+		noglob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+
+	if (glob_global && noglob_global)
+		die(_("global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"));
+
+
+	if (icase_global < 0)
+		icase_global = git_env_bool(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (icase_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_ICASE;
+
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) &&
+	    (global_magic & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		die(_("global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible "
+		      "with all other global pathspec settings"));
+
+	if (elt[0] != ':' || literal_global) {
+		; /* nothing to do */
+	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
+		/* longhand */
+		const char *nextat;
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
+		     copyfrom = nextat) {
+			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
+			if (copyfrom[len] == ',')
+				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
+			else
+				/* handle ')' and '\0' */
+				nextat = copyfrom + len;
+			if (!len)
+				continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
+				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
+					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (!prefixcmp(copyfrom, "prefix:")) {
+					char *endptr;
+					pathspec_prefix = strtol(copyfrom + 7,
+								 &endptr, 10);
+					if (endptr - copyfrom != len)
+						die(_("invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"));
+					/* "i" would be wrong, but it does not matter */
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"),
+				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom != ')')
+			die(_("Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"), elt);
+		long_magic_end = copyfrom;
+		copyfrom++;
+	} else {
+		/* shorthand */
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
+		     copyfrom++) {
+			char ch = *copyfrom;
+
+			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
+				break;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
+					short_magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"),
+				    ch, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom == ':')
+			copyfrom++;
+	}
+
+	magic |= short_magic;
+	*p_short_magic = short_magic;
+
+	/* --noglob-pathspec adds :(literal) _unless_ :(glob) is specifed */
+	if (noglob_global && !(magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	/* --glob-pathspec is overriden by :(literal) */
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) && (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		global_magic &= ~PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	magic |= global_magic;
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0 &&
+	    (prefixlen || (prefix && *prefix)))
+		die("BUG: 'prefix' magic is supposed to be used at worktree's root");
+
+	if ((magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) && (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		die(_("%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"), elt);
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = pathspec_prefix;
+	} else if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = 0;
+	} else {
+		match = prefix_path_gently(prefix, prefixlen, &prefixlen, copyfrom);
+		if (!match)
+			die(_("%s: '%s' is outside repository"), elt, copyfrom);
+	}
+	*raw = item->match = match;
+	/*
+	 * Prefix the pathspec (keep all magic) and assign to
+	 * original. Useful for passing to another command.
+	 */
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *start = elt;
+		if (prefixlen && !literal_global) {
+			/* Preserve the actual prefix length of each pattern */
+			if (short_magic)
+				die("BUG: prefixing on short magic is not supported");
+			else if (long_magic_end) {
+				strbuf_add(&sb, start, long_magic_end - start);
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ",prefix:%d", prefixlen);
+				start = long_magic_end;
+			} else {
+				if (*start == ':')
+					start++;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ":(prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_add(&sb, start, copyfrom - start);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, match);
+		item->original = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		item->original = elt;
+	item->len = strlen(item->match);
+	item->prefix = prefixlen;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP) &&
+	    (item->len >= 1 && item->match[item->len - 1] == '/') &&
+	    (i = cache_name_pos(item->match, item->len - 1)) >= 0 &&
+	    S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode)) {
+		item->len--;
+		match[item->len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE)
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
+
+			if (item->len <= ce_len || match[ce_len] != '/' ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, match, ce_len))
+				continue;
+			if (item->len == ce_len + 1) {
+				/* strip trailing slash */
+				item->len--;
+				match[item->len] = '\0';
+			} else
+				die (_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+				     elt, ce_len, ce->name);
+		}
+
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL)
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len;
+	else {
+		item->nowildcard_len = simple_length(item->match);
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < prefixlen)
+			item->nowildcard_len = prefixlen;
+	}
+	item->flags = 0;
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) {
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: should we enable ONESTAR in _GLOB for
+		 * pattern "* * / * . c"?
+		 */
+	} else {
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+		    item->match[item->nowildcard_len] == '*' &&
+		    no_wildcard(item->match + item->nowildcard_len + 1))
+			item->flags |= PATHSPEC_ONESTAR;
+	}
+
+	/* sanity checks, pathspec matchers assume these are sane */
+	assert(item->nowildcard_len <= item->len &&
+	       item->prefix         <= item->len);
+	return magic;
+}
+
+static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+
+	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
+	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
+	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN unsupported_magic(const char *pattern,
+				       unsigned magic,
+				       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, n;
+	for (n = i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+		const struct pathspec_magic *m = pathspec_magic + i;
+		if (!(magic & m->bit))
+			continue;
+		if (sb.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, " ");
+		if (short_magic & m->bit)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%c'", m->mnemonic);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%s'", m->name);
+		n++;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+	 * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+	 * "checkout -p"
+	 */
+	die(_("%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"),
+	    pattern, sb.buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given command line arguments and a prefix, convert the input to
+ * pathspec. die() if any magic in magic_mask is used.
+ */
+void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		    unsigned magic_mask, unsigned flags,
+		    const char *prefix, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *item;
+	const char *entry = argv ? *argv : NULL;
+	int i, n, prefixlen;
+
+	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID)
+		pathspec->magic |= PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH;
+
+	/* No arguments, no prefix -> no pathspec */
+	if (!entry && !prefix)
+		return;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD) &&
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL))
+		die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD and PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL are incompatible");
+
+	/* No arguments with prefix -> prefix pathspec */
+	if (!entry) {
+		static const char *raw[2];
+
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL)
+			return;
+
+		if (!(flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD))
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD requires arguments");
+
+		pathspec->items = item = xmalloc(sizeof(*item));
+		memset(item, 0, sizeof(*item));
+		item->match = prefix;
+		item->original = prefix;
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len = strlen(prefix);
+		item->prefix = item->len;
+		raw[0] = prefix;
+		raw[1] = NULL;
+		pathspec->nr = 1;
+		pathspec->_raw = raw;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	n = 0;
+	while (argv[n])
+		n++;
+
+	pathspec->nr = n;
+	pathspec->items = item = xmalloc(sizeof(*item) * n);
+	pathspec->_raw = argv;
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		unsigned short_magic;
+		entry = argv[i];
+
+		item[i].magic = prefix_pathspec(item + i, &short_magic,
+						argv + i, flags,
+						prefix, prefixlen, entry);
+		if (item[i].magic & magic_mask)
+			unsupported_magic(entry,
+					  item[i].magic & magic_mask,
+					  short_magic);
+
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH) &&
+		    has_symlink_leading_path(item[i].match, item[i].len)) {
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), entry);
+		}
+
+		if (item[i].nowildcard_len < item[i].len)
+			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+		pathspec->magic |= item[i].magic;
+	}
+
+
+	if (pathspec->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) {
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER)
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID and PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER are incompatible");
+		qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
+		      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * N.B. get_pathspec() is deprecated in favor of the "struct pathspec"
+ * based interface - see pathspec.c:parse_pathspec().
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  - prefix - a path relative to the root of the working tree
+ *  - pathspec - a list of paths underneath the prefix path
+ *
+ * Iterates over pathspec, prepending each path with prefix,
+ * and return the resulting list.
+ *
+ * If pathspec is empty, return a singleton list containing prefix.
+ *
+ * If pathspec and prefix are both empty, return an empty list.
+ *
+ * This is typically used by built-in commands such as add.c, in order
+ * to normalize argv arguments provided to the built-in into a list of
+ * paths to process, all relative to the root of the working tree.
+ */
+const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct pathspec ps;
+	parse_pathspec(&ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC &
+		       ~(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL),
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, pathspec);
+	return ps._raw;
+}
+
+void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	dst->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->items, src->items,
+	       sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+}
+
+void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	free(pathspec->items);
+	pathspec->items = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..944baeb622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#ifndef PATHSPEC_H
+#define PATHSPEC_H
+
+/* Pathspec magic */
+#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	(1<<0)
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	(1<<1)
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL	(1<<2)
+#define PATHSPEC_GLOB		(1<<3)
+#define PATHSPEC_ICASE		(1<<4)
+#define PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC	  \
+	(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_LITERAL	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_GLOB		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+
+#define PATHSPEC_ONESTAR 1	/* the pathspec pattern satisfies GFNM_ONESTAR */
+
+struct pathspec {
+	const char **_raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
+	unsigned int recursive:1;
+	unsigned magic;
+	int max_depth;
+	struct pathspec_item {
+		const char *match;
+		const char *original;
+		unsigned magic;
+		int len, prefix;
+		int nowildcard_len;
+		int flags;
+	} *items;
+};
+
+#define GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps, mask) \
+	do { \
+		if ((ps)->magic & ~(mask))	       \
+			die("BUG:%s:%d: unsupported magic %x",	\
+			    __FILE__, __LINE__, (ps)->magic & ~(mask)); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* parse_pathspec flags */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD (1<<0) /* No args means match cwd */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL (1<<1) /* No args means match everything */
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID (1<<2) /* max_depth field is valid */
+/* strip the trailing slash if the given path is a gitlink */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP (1<<3)
+/* die if a symlink is part of the given path's directory */
+#define PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH (1<<4)
+/*
+ * This is like a combination of ..LEADING_PATH and .._SLASH_CHEAP
+ * (but not the same): it strips the trailing slash if the given path
+ * is a gitlink but also checks and dies if gitlink is part of the
+ * leading path (i.e. the given path goes beyond a submodule). It's
+ * safer than _SLASH_CHEAP and also more expensive.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE (1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN (1<<6)
+#define PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER (1<<7)
+
+extern void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			   unsigned magic_mask,
+			   unsigned flags,
+			   const char *prefix,
+			   const char **args);
+extern void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src);
+extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
+
+static inline int ps_strncmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			     const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strncasecmp(s1, s2, n);
+	else
+		return strncmp(s1, s2, n);
+}
+
+static inline int ps_strcmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+	else
+		return strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+extern char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen);
+extern const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path);
+extern void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif /* PATHSPEC_H */
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index 497f420178..204fdc6737 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ require Exporter;
                 command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
                 command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
                 version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
-                remote_refs
-                temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
+                remote_refs prompt
+                get_tz_offset
+                credential credential_read credential_write
+                temp_acquire temp_is_locked temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
 
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ use Error qw(:try);
 use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+use Time::Local qw(timegm);
 }
 
 
@@ -267,13 +270,13 @@ sub command {
 
 	if (not defined wantarray) {
 		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 
 	} elsif (not wantarray) {
 		local $/;
 		my $text = <$fh>;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			# Pepper with the output:
 			my $E = shift;
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ sub command {
 		my @lines = <$fh>;
 		defined and chomp for @lines;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			my $E = shift;
 			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ sub command_oneline {
 	my $line = <$fh>;
 	defined $line and chomp $line;
 	try {
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 		# Pepper with the output:
 		my $E = shift;
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ have more complicated structure.
 sub command_close_pipe {
 	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
 	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
-	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 }
 
 =item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
@@ -418,7 +421,7 @@ and it is the fourth value returned by C<command_bidi_pipe()>.  The call idiom
 is:
 
 	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
-	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	print $out "000000000\n";
 	while (<$in>) { ... }
 	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
 
@@ -426,23 +429,26 @@ Note that you should not rely on whatever actually is in C<CTX>;
 currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
 have more complicated structure.
 
+C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> may be C<undef> if they have been closed prior to
+calling this function.  This may be useful in a query-response type of
+commands where caller first writes a query and later reads response, eg:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print $out "000000000\n";
+	close $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, undef, $ctx);
+
+This idiom may prevent potential dead locks caused by data sent to the output
+pipe not being flushed and thus not reaching the executed command.
+
 =cut
 
 sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
 	local $?;
-	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
-	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
-		unless (close $fh) {
-			if ($!) {
-				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
-			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
-				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	my ($self, $pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, (grep { defined } ($in, $out)));
 	waitpid $pid, 0;
-
 	if ($? >> 8) {
 		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
 	}
@@ -512,6 +518,79 @@ C<git --html-path>). Useful mostly only internally.
 sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
 
 
+=item get_tz_offset ( TIME )
+
+Return the time zone offset from GMT in the form +/-HHMM where HH is
+the number of hours from GMT and MM is the number of minutes.  This is
+the equivalent of what strftime("%z", ...) would provide on a GNU
+platform.
+
+If TIME is not supplied, the current local time is used.
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_tz_offset {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timegm(localtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $gm <=> $t ];
+	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+}
+
+
+=item prompt ( PROMPT , ISPASSWORD  )
+
+Query user C<PROMPT> and return answer from user.
+
+Honours GIT_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS environment variables for querying
+the user. If no *_ASKPASS variable is set or an error occoured,
+the terminal is tried as a fallback.
+If C<ISPASSWORD> is set and true, the terminal disables echo.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prompt {
+	my ($prompt, $isPassword) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+	if (exists $ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret && exists $ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret) {
+		print STDERR $prompt;
+		STDERR->flush;
+		if (defined $isPassword && $isPassword) {
+			require Term::ReadKey;
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+			$ret = '';
+			while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+				last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+				$ret .= $key;
+			}
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+			print STDERR "\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		} else {
+			chomp($ret = <STDIN>);
+		}
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub _prompt {
+	my ($askpass, $prompt) = @_;
+	return unless length $askpass;
+	$prompt =~ s/\n/ /g;
+	my $ret;
+	open my $fh, "-|", $askpass, $prompt or return;
+	$ret = <$fh>;
+	$ret =~ s/[\015\012]//g; # strip \r\n, chomp does not work on all systems (i.e. windows) as expected
+	close ($fh);
+	return $ret;
+}
+
 =item repo_path ()
 
 Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
@@ -890,20 +969,22 @@ sub cat_blob {
 	my $size = $1;
 
 	my $blob;
-	my $bytesRead = 0;
+	my $bytesLeft = $size;
 
 	while (1) {
-		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
 		last unless $bytesLeft;
 
 		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
-		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead);
 		unless (defined($read)) {
 			$self->_close_cat_blob();
 			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
 		}
-
-		$bytesRead += $read;
+		unless (print $fh $blob) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+		}
+		$bytesLeft -= $read;
 	}
 
 	# Skip past the trailing newline.
@@ -918,11 +999,6 @@ sub cat_blob {
 		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
 	}
 
-	unless (print $fh $blob) {
-		$self->_close_cat_blob();
-		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
-	}
-
 	return $size;
 }
 
@@ -948,13 +1024,163 @@ sub _close_cat_blob {
 }
 
 
+=item credential_read( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Reads credential key-value pairs from C<FILEHANDLE>.  Reading stops at EOF or
+when an empty line is encountered.  Each line must be of the form C<key=value>
+with a non-empty key.  Function returns hash with all read values.  Any white
+space (other than new-line character) is preserved.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my ($self, $reader) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my %credential;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		chomp;
+		if ($_ eq '') {
+			last;
+		} elsif (!/^([^=]+)=(.*)$/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("unable to parse git credential data:\n$_");
+		}
+		$credential{$1} = $2;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+=item credential_write( FILEHANDLE, CREDENTIAL_HASHREF )
+
+Writes credential key-value pairs from hash referenced by
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> to C<FILEHANDLE>.  Keys and values cannot contain
+new-lines or NUL bytes characters, and key cannot contain equal signs nor be
+empty (if they do Error::Simple is thrown).  Any white space is preserved.  If
+value for a key is C<undef>, it will be skipped.
+
+If C<'url'> key exists it will be written first.  (All the other key-value
+pairs are written in sorted order but you should not depend on that).  Once
+all lines are written, an empty line is printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my ($self, $writer, $credential) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($key, $value);
+
+	# Check if $credential is valid prior to writing anything
+	while (($key, $value) = each %$credential) {
+		if (!defined $key || !length $key) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key empty or undefined");
+		} elsif ($key =~ /[=\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key contains invalid characters: $key");
+		} elsif (defined $value && $value =~ /[\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential value for key=$key contains invalid characters: $value");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for $key (sort {
+		# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+		return -1 if $a eq 'url';
+		return  1 if $b eq 'url';
+		return $a cmp $b;
+	} keys %$credential) {
+		if (defined $credential->{$key}) {
+			print $writer $key, '=', $credential->{$key}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $writer "\n";
+}
+
+sub _credential_run {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($pid, $reader, $writer, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe('credential', $op);
+
+	credential_write $writer, $credential;
+	close $writer;
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read $reader;
+	}
+	if (<$reader>) {
+		throw Error::Simple("unexpected output from git credential $op response:\n$_\n");
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $reader, undef, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF [, OPERATION ] )
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF, CODE )
+
+Executes C<git credential> for a given set of credentials and specified
+operation.  In both forms C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> needs to be a reference to
+a hash which stores credentials.  Under certain conditions the hash can
+change.
+
+In the first form, C<OPERATION> can be C<'fill'>, C<'approve'> or C<'reject'>,
+and function will execute corresponding C<git credential> sub-command.  If
+it's omitted C<'fill'> is assumed.  In case of C<'fill'> the values stored in
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> will be changed to the ones returned by the C<git
+credential fill> command.  The usual usage would look something like:
+
+	my %cred = (
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	);
+	Git::credential \%cred;
+	if (try_to_authenticate($cred{'username'}, $cred{'password'})) {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'approve';
+		... do more stuff ...
+	} else {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'reject';
+	}
+
+In the second form, C<CODE> needs to be a reference to a subroutine.  The
+function will execute C<git credential fill> to fill the provided credential
+hash, then call C<CODE> with C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> as the sole argument.  If
+C<CODE>'s return value is defined, the function will execute C<git credential
+approve> (if return value yields true) or C<git credential reject> (if return
+value is false).  If the return value is undef, nothing at all is executed;
+this is useful, for example, if the credential could neither be verified nor
+rejected due to an unrelated network error.  The return value is the same as
+what C<CODE> returns.  With this form, the usage might look as follows:
+
+	if (Git::credential {
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!try_to_authenticate($cred->{'username'},
+		                             $cred->{'password'});
+	}) {
+		... do more stuff ...
+	}
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op_or_code) = (_maybe_self(@_), 'fill');
+
+	if ('CODE' eq ref $op_or_code) {
+		_credential_run $credential, 'fill';
+		my $ret = $op_or_code->($credential);
+		if (defined $ret) {
+			_credential_run $credential, $ret ? 'approve' : 'reject';
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	} else {
+		_credential_run $credential, $op_or_code;
+	}
+}
+
 { # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
 
 my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
 
 =item temp_acquire ( NAME )
 
-Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+Attempts to retrieve the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
 associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
 created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
 
@@ -980,6 +1206,35 @@ sub temp_acquire {
 	$temp_fd;
 }
 
+=item temp_is_locked ( NAME )
+
+Returns true if the internal lock created by a previous C<temp_acquire()>
+call with C<NAME> is still in effect.
+
+When temp_acquire is called on a C<NAME>, it internally locks the temporary
+file mapped to C<NAME>.  That lock will not be released until C<temp_release()>
+is called with either the original C<NAME> or the L<File::Handle> that was
+returned from the original call to temp_acquire.
+
+Subsequent attempts to call C<temp_acquire()> with the same C<NAME> will fail
+unless there has been an intervening C<temp_release()> call for that C<NAME>
+(or its corresponding L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original
+C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+If true is returned by C<temp_is_locked()> for a C<NAME>, an attempt to
+C<temp_acquire()> the same C<NAME> will cause an error unless
+C<temp_release> is first called on that C<NAME> (or its corresponding
+L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_is_locked {
+	my ($self, $name) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my $temp_fd = \$TEMP_FILEMAP{$name};
+
+	defined $$temp_fd && $$temp_fd->opened && $TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{locked};
+}
+
 =item temp_release ( NAME )
 
 =item temp_release ( FILEHANDLE )
@@ -1039,7 +1294,7 @@ sub _temp_cache {
 			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
 		}
 
-		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp::tempfile(
 			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
 			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
 
@@ -1263,12 +1518,12 @@ sub _command_common_pipe {
 		if (not defined $pid) {
 			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
 		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
-			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
-				close STDERR;
-			}
 			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
 				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
 					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			} elsif (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>', '/dev/null')
+					or die "opening /dev/null failed: $!";
 			}
 			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
 		}
@@ -1303,9 +1558,11 @@ sub _execv_git_cmd { exec('git', @_); }
 
 # Close pipe to a subprocess.
 sub _cmd_close {
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
-	if (not close $fh) {
-		if ($!) {
+	my $ctx = shift @_;
+	foreach my $fh (@_) {
+		if (close $fh) {
+			# nop
+		} elsif ($!) {
 			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
 			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
 		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
diff --git a/perl/Git/I18N.pm b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
index 40dd897191..f889fd6da9 100644
--- a/perl/Git/I18N.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Git::I18N - Perl interface to Git's Gettext localizations
 
 	print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
 
-	printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+	printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN.pm b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
index 59215fa86e..5273ee8867 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use Carp qw/croak/;
 use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
 use File::Copy qw/copy/;
 use IPC::Open3;
-use Time::Local;
 use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
 use Memoize::Storable;
 use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ use Git qw(
     command_noisy
     command_output_pipe
     command_close_pipe
+    get_tz_offset
 );
 use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
 	fatal
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ sub refname {
 	#
 	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
 	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
-	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))}eg;
 
 	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
 	# /.* becomes /%2E*
@@ -1311,14 +1311,6 @@ sub get_untracked {
 	\@out;
 }
 
-sub get_tz {
-	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
-	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
-	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
-}
-
 # parse_svn_date(DATE)
 # --------------------
 # Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
@@ -1351,7 +1343,7 @@ sub parse_svn_date {
 			delete $ENV{TZ};
 		}
 
-		my $our_TZ = get_tz();
+		my $our_TZ = get_tz_offset();
 
 		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
 		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
@@ -1501,13 +1493,18 @@ sub lookup_svn_merge {
 	my @merged_commit_ranges;
 	# find the tip
 	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		if ($range =~ /[*]$/) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring partial merge in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
 		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
 		$top ||= $bottom;
 		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
 		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
 
 		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
-			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+			warn "W: unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
 				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
 			next;
 		}
@@ -2377,7 +2374,7 @@ sub map_path {
 
 sub uri_encode {
 	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
 	$f
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
index 3bbc20a054..b3bcd476da 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ sub repo_path {
 sub url_path {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
-		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
+		# characters are taken from subversion/libsvn_subr/path.c
+		$path =~ s#([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./!$&'()*+,-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
 	}
 	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
 }
@@ -358,12 +359,12 @@ sub T {
 			mode_a => $m->{mode_a}, mode_b => '000000',
 			sha1_a => $m->{sha1_a}, sha1_b => '0' x 40,
 			chg => 'D', file_b => $m->{file_b}
-		});
+		}, $deletions);
 		$self->A({
 			mode_a => '000000', mode_b => $m->{mode_b},
 			sha1_a => '0' x 40, sha1_b => $m->{sha1_b},
 			chg => 'A', file_b => $m->{file_b}
-		});
+		}, $deletions);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -498,6 +499,8 @@ sub apply_diff {
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Editor - commit driver for "git svn set-tree" and dcommit
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
index 046a7a2f31..10edb27732 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package Git::SVN::Fetcher;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs $_placeholder_filename
-            @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder $repo_id/;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_include_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs
+            $_placeholder_filename @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder
+            $repo_id/;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use SVN::Delta;
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@ sub new {
 	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
 	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
 
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.include-paths";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{include_regex} = $v;
+
 	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
 	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
 	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
@@ -117,11 +122,18 @@ sub in_dot_git {
 }
 
 # return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+# This will also check whether the path is explicitly included
 sub is_path_ignored {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
 	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
 	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($self->{include_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{include_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($_include_regex) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$_include_regex!;
+	return 1 if defined($self->{include_regex});
+	return 1 if defined($_include_regex);
 	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
 	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
 	return 0;
@@ -303,11 +315,13 @@ sub change_file_prop {
 sub apply_textdelta {
 	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
 	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_delta');
+	my $suffix = 0;
+	++$suffix while $::_repository->temp_is_locked("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
 	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
 	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
 	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
-	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire('git_blob');
+	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_${$}_$suffix");
 
 	if ($fb->{blob}) {
 		my ($base_is_link, $size);
@@ -512,6 +526,8 @@ sub stash_placeholder_list {
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
index 3cc1c6f081..3f8350a57d 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ package Git::SVN::Log;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
-use Git qw(command command_oneline command_output_pipe command_close_pipe);
+use Git qw(command
+           command_oneline
+           command_output_pipe
+           command_close_pipe
+           get_tz_offset);
 use POSIX qw/strftime/;
 use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
 use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ sub run_pager {
 sub format_svn_date {
 	my $t = shift || time;
 	require Git::SVN;
-	my $gmoff = Git::SVN::get_tz($t);
+	my $gmoff = get_tz_offset($t);
 	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
index 3a6f8af0d9..e940b08505 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ sub ssl_server_trust {
 	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
 	my $choice;
 prompt:
-	print STDERR $may_save ?
+	my $options = $may_save ?
 	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
 	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
 	STDERR->flush;
-	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
-	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
+	$choice = lc(substr(Git::prompt("Certificate problem.\n" . $options) || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice eq 't') {
 		$cred->may_save(undef);
-	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
+	} elsif ($choice eq 'r') {
 		return -1;
-	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice eq 'p') {
 		$cred->may_save($may_save);
 	} else {
 		goto prompt;
@@ -109,9 +109,7 @@ sub username {
 	if (defined $_username) {
 		$username = $_username;
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Username: ";
-		STDERR->flush;
-		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
+		$username = Git::prompt("Username: ");
 	}
 	$cred->username($username);
 	$cred->may_save($may_save);
@@ -120,31 +118,15 @@ sub username {
 
 sub _read_password {
 	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
-	my $password = '';
-	if (exists $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}) {
-		open(PH, "-|", $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}, $prompt);
-		$password = <PH>;
-		$password =~ s/[\012\015]//; # \n\r
-		close(PH);
-	} else {
-		print STDERR $prompt;
-		STDERR->flush;
-		require Term::ReadKey;
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
-		while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
-			last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
-			$password .= $key;
-		}
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		STDERR->flush;
-	}
+	my $password = Git::prompt($prompt, 1);
 	$password;
 }
 
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Prompt - authentication callbacks for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
index 049c97bfaf..a7b0119ee5 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ BEGIN {
 	}
 }
 
+# serf has a bug that leads to a coredump upon termination if the
+# remote access object is left around (not fixed yet in serf 1.3.1).
+# Explicitly free it to work around the issue.
+END {
+	$RA = undef;
+	$ra_invalid = 1;
+}
+
 sub _auth_providers () {
 	my @rv = (
 	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
@@ -295,7 +303,7 @@ sub gs_do_switch {
 	my $full_url = add_path_to_url( $self->url, $path );
 	my ($ra, $reparented);
 
-	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+\w+)?://# ||
 	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
 	     canonicalize_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
 		$_[0] = undef;
@@ -627,6 +635,8 @@ sub skip_unknown_revs {
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Ra - Subversion remote access functions for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
index 8b8cf3755c..3d1a0933a2 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ sub _canonicalize_url_path {
 
 	my @parts;
 	foreach my $part (split m{/+}, $uri_path) {
-		$part =~ s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		$part =~ s/([^!\$%&'()*+,.\/\w:=\@_`~-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
 		push @parts, $part;
 	}
 
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
index 11e9cd9a02..6098135ae2 100644
--- a/perl/private-Error.pm
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ Only one finally block may be specified per try block
 =head2 CONSTRUCTORS
 
 The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
-with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+with the arguments that are passed to its constructor. The elements
 that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
 below, other classes may add to these.
 
@@ -763,13 +763,13 @@ to the constructor.
 
 =item Error::Simple
 
-This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. Its
 constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
 is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
 overload methods.
 
 If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
-this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+this information will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
 of the error object.
 
 This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index eaba15f124..70f19501d0 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 
+char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 static const char *packet_trace_prefix = "git";
 static const char trace_key[] = "GIT_TRACE_PACKET";
 
@@ -47,45 +48,13 @@ static void packet_trace(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int write)
 }
 
 /*
- * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
- * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
- * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
- * would be an error).
- *
- * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
- * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
- * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
- * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
- * process entirely).
- *
- * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
- * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
- */
-ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
-{
-	ssize_t nn = n;
-	while (n) {
-		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
-			n -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!ret)
-			die("write error (disk full?)");
-		die_errno("write error");
-	}
-	return nn;
-}
-
-/*
  * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
  * we'd flush it here
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd)
 {
 	packet_trace("0000", 4, 1);
-	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+	write_or_die(fd, "0000", 4);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -121,7 +90,7 @@ void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -135,13 +104,29 @@ void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
 	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
 }
 
-static int safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size, int return_line_fail)
+static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_size,
+			   void *dst, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		die_errno("read error");
-	else if (ret < size) {
-		if (return_line_fail)
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fd >= 0 && src_buf && *src_buf)
+		die("BUG: multiple sources given to packet_read");
+
+	/* Read up to "size" bytes from our source, whatever it is. */
+	if (src_buf && *src_buf) {
+		ret = size < *src_size ? size : *src_size;
+		memcpy(dst, *src_buf, ret);
+		*src_buf += ret;
+		*src_size -= ret;
+	} else {
+		ret = read_in_full(fd, dst, size);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("read error");
+	}
+
+	/* And complain if we didn't get enough bytes to satisfy the read. */
+	if (ret < size) {
+		if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
 			return -1;
 
 		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
@@ -175,13 +160,14 @@ static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
 	return len;
 }
 
-static int packet_read_internal(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size, int return_line_fail)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len,
+		char *buffer, unsigned size, int options)
 {
 	int len, ret;
 	char linelen[4];
 
-	ret = safe_read(fd, linelen, 4, return_line_fail);
-	if (return_line_fail && ret < 0)
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, linelen, 4, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 	len = packet_length(linelen);
 	if (len < 0)
@@ -193,50 +179,37 @@ static int packet_read_internal(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size, int return_
 	len -= 4;
 	if (len >= size)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
-	ret = safe_read(fd, buffer, len, return_line_fail);
-	if (return_line_fail && ret < 0)
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, buffer, len, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
+
+	if ((options & PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE) &&
+	    len && buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
 	buffer[len] = 0;
 	packet_trace(buffer, len, 0);
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_read(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+static char *packet_read_line_generic(int fd,
+				      char **src, size_t *src_len,
+				      int *dst_len)
 {
-	return packet_read_internal(fd, buffer, size, 1);
+	int len = packet_read(fd, src, src_len,
+			      packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+			      PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+	if (dst_len)
+		*dst_len = len;
+	return len ? packet_buffer : NULL;
 }
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *len_p)
 {
-	return packet_read_internal(fd, buffer, size, 0);
+	return packet_read_line_generic(fd, NULL, NULL, len_p);
 }
 
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
-	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src, size_t *src_len, int *dst_len)
 {
-	int len;
-
-	if (*src_len < 4)
-		return -1;
-	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (!len) {
-		*src_buf += 4;
-		*src_len -= 4;
-		packet_trace("0000", 4, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (*src_len < len)
-		return -2;
-
-	*src_buf += 4;
-	*src_len -= 4;
-	len -= 4;
-
-	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
-	*src_buf += len;
-	*src_len -= len;
-	packet_trace(out->buf, out->len, 0);
-	return len;
+	return packet_read_line_generic(-1, src, src_len, dst_len);
 }
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
index 8cfeb0c31c..0a838d1656 100644
--- a/pkt-line.h
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -5,16 +5,78 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 /*
- * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd);
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_read(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
-ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+/*
+ * Read a packetized line into the buffer, which must be at least size bytes
+ * long. The return value specifies the number of bytes read into the buffer.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer is not NULL (and nor is *src_buffer), it should point to a
+ * buffer containing the packet data to parse, of at least *src_len bytes.
+ * After the function returns, src_buf will be incremented and src_len
+ * decremented by the number of bytes consumed.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer (or *src_buffer) is NULL, then data is read from the
+ * descriptor "fd".
+ *
+ * If options does not contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will die under any
+ * of the following conditions:
+ *
+ *   1. Read error from descriptor.
+ *
+ *   2. Protocol error from the remote (e.g., bogus length characters).
+ *
+ *   3. Receiving a packet larger than "size" bytes.
+ *
+ *   4. Truncated output from the remote (e.g., we expected a packet but got
+ *      EOF, or we got a partial packet followed by EOF).
+ *
+ * If options does contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will not die on
+ * condition 4 (truncated input), but instead return -1. However, we will still
+ * die for the other 3 conditions.
+ *
+ * If options contains PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE, a trailing newline (if
+ * present) is removed from the buffer before returning.
+ */
+#define PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF (1u<<0)
+#define PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE (1u<<1)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buffer, size_t *src_len, char
+		*buffer, unsigned size, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Convenience wrapper for packet_read that is not gentle, and sets the
+ * CHOMP_NEWLINE option. The return value is NULL for a flush packet,
+ * and otherwise points to a static buffer (that may be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls). If the size parameter is not NULL, the length of the
+ * packet is written to it.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *size);
+
+/*
+ * Same as packet_read_line, but read from a buf rather than a descriptor;
+ * see packet_read for details on how src_* is used.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src_buf, size_t *src_len, int *size);
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+extern char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 
 #endif
diff --git a/po/README b/po/README
index c1520e8cde..d8c9111c82 100644
--- a/po/README
+++ b/po/README
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
+       eval_gettext "An error occurred: \$details"; echo
 
    In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
    newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
+       eval_gettextln "An error occurred: \$details"
 
    More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
    page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Perl:
 
        use Git::I18N;
        print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
-       printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+       printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
    Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
 
diff --git a/po/TEAMS b/po/TEAMS
index 1b9e9940eb..107aa5917c 100644
--- a/po/TEAMS
+++ b/po/TEAMS
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ Members:	Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
 		Jan Krüger <jk@jk.gs>
 		Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>
 
+Language:	fr (French)
+Repository:	https://github.com/jnavila/git
+Leader:		Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+Members:	Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>
+
 Language:	is (Icelandic)
 Leader:		Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
 
@@ -46,3 +51,4 @@ Members:	Riku <lu.riku AT gmail.com>
 		Yichao Yu <yyc1992 AT gmail.com>
 		ws3389 <willsmith3389 AT gmail.com>
 		Thynson <lanxingcan AT gmail.com>
+		Wang Sheng <wangsheng2008love@163.com>
diff --git a/po/da.po b/po/da.po
index 20a88ea529..898b18d115 100644
--- a/po/da.po
+++ b/po/da.po
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
index 0e8ed5437a..35a44b9463 100644
--- a/po/de.po
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.4\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-30 12:40+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-10-02 19:35+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-06 14:10+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-07-28 18:42+0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: German <>\n"
 "Language: de\n"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
 "appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"Korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum,\n"
-"und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
-"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und einzutragen,\n"
-"oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"Korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis,\n"
+"und benutzen Sie dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
+"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und zu committen,\n"
+"oder benutzen Sie 'git commit -a'."
 
 #: archive.c:10
 msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git archive [Optionen] <Versionsreferenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [Optionen] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
 
 #: archive.c:11
 msgid "git archive --list"
@@ -50,88 +50,218 @@ msgstr "git archive --list"
 msgid ""
 "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr ""
-"git archive --remote <Projektarchiv> [--exec <Programm>] [Optionen] "
-"<Versionsreferenz> [Pfad...]"
+"git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] [Optionen] <Commit-"
+"Referenz> [Pfad...]"
 
 #: archive.c:13
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
-msgstr "git archive --remote <Projektarchiv> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr "Format"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "archive format"
-msgstr "Ausgabeformat"
+msgstr "Archivformat"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1084
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1173
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr "Prefix"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:325
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
-msgstr "stellt einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in der Ausgabe"
+msgstr "stellt einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in dem Archiv"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2390
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2292
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:673
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675 builtin/grep.c:714 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496 builtin/ls-files.c:499 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:152
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "Datei"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
-msgstr "schreibt die Ausgabe in diese Datei"
+msgstr "schreibt das Archiv in diese Datei"
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr "liest .gitattributes aus dem Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:330
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
 msgstr "gibt archivierte Dateien in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe aus"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:331
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr "nur speichern"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:332
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr "schneller komprimieren"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:340
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr "besser komprimieren"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:343
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
-msgstr "listet unterstützte Ausgabeformate auf"
+msgstr "listet unterstützte Archivformate auf"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "repo"
-msgstr "Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "Repository"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
-msgstr "ruft das Archiv von externem Projektarchiv <Projektarchiv> ab"
+msgstr "ruft das Archiv von Remote-Repository <Repository> ab"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr "Programm"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr "Pfad zum externen \"git-upload-archive\"-Programm"
 
 #: attr.c:259
 msgid ""
-"Negative patterns are forbidden in git attributes\n"
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
-"Verneinende Muster sind in Git-Attributen verboten.\n"
-"Benutze '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+"Verneinende Muster werden in Git-Attributen ignoriert.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Branch %s kann nicht sein eigener Upstream-Branch sein."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Name zu lang: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Referenz %s ist "
+"mehrdeutig."
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Branchname."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kann Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches nicht erzwingen."
+
+#: branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Tracking-Informationen nicht einrichten; Startpunkt '%s' ist kein "
+"Branch."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "der angeforderte Upstream-Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: branch.c:220
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, Ihre Arbeit auf einem bereits existierenden\n"
+"Upstream-Branch aufzubauen, sollten Sie \"git fetch\"\n"
+"ausführen, um diesen abzurufen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, einen neuen lokalen Branch zu versenden\n"
+"der seinem externen Gegenstück folgen soll, können Sie\n"
+"\"git push -u\" verwenden, um den Upstream-Branch beim \"push\"\n"
+"zu konfigurieren."
+
+#: branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "mehrdeutiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchpunkt: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:296
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren der Referenz zur Aktualisierung."
+
+#: branch.c:314
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Referenz."
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -143,44 +273,44 @@ msgstr "'%s' sieht nicht wie eine v2 Paketdatei aus"
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Kopfbereich: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:674
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:697
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Dem Projektarchiv fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Versionen:"
+msgstr "Dem Repository fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Commits:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:732 builtin/log.c:1319 builtin/log.c:1535 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:661 sequencer.c:1111 builtin/log.c:331
+#: builtin/log.c:801 builtin/log.c:1399 builtin/log.c:1625 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:156
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "Einrichtung des Revisionsgangs fehlgeschlagen"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält diese %d Referenzen:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Das Paket speichert eine komplette Historie."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "\"rev-list\" abgebrochen"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1215 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1310 builtin/shortlog.c:259
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Argument: %s"
@@ -211,30 +341,30 @@ msgstr "kann '%s' nicht erstellen"
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "Erstellung der Paketindexdatei abgebrochen"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
-msgstr "%s %s ist keine Version!"
+msgstr "%s %s ist kein Commit!"
 
 #: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "Speicher verbraucht"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "Konnte 'git rev-list' nicht ausführen"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben nach rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen von rev-list's Standard-Eingabe: %s"
@@ -306,24 +436,23 @@ msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
 msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
 msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
 
-#: diff.c:111
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%s'\n"
 
-#: diff.c:116
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
 msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%s'\n"
 
-#: diff.c:194
+#: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-"Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
 
-#: diff.c:237
+#: diff.c:260
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
@@ -332,7 +461,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fehler in 'diff.dirstat' Konfigurationsvariable gefunden:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3494
+#: diff.c:3487
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -341,13 +470,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fehler beim Parsen des --dirstat/-X Optionsparameters:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3508
-#,  c-format
+#: diff.c:3501
+#, c-format
 msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-"Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "konnte gpg nicht ausführen"
 
@@ -359,31 +487,45 @@ msgstr "gpg hat die Daten nicht akzeptiert"
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg beim Signieren der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: grep.c:1622
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht erstellen: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Signatur nach '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': konnte nicht lesen %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1639
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s': %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1650
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': read() zu kurz %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos in '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
-msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in deinem $PATH"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in Ihrem $PATH"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -392,30 +534,30 @@ msgstr ""
 "'%s' scheint ein git-Kommando zu sein, konnte aber\n"
 "nicht ausgeführt werden. Vielleicht ist git-%s fehlerhaft?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
-msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf deinem System vorhanden."
+msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf Ihrem System vorhanden."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
-"Warnung: Du hast das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
-"Setze fort unter der Annahme das du '%s' gemeint hast"
+"Warnung: Sie haben das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
+"Setze fort unter der Annahme, dass Sie '%s' gemeint haben"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "automatisch in %0.1f Sekunden..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: '%s' ist kein Git-Kommando. Siehe 'git --help'."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -424,94 +566,99 @@ msgid_plural ""
 "Did you mean one of these?"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du das gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie das gemeint?"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du eines von diesen gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie eines von diesen gemeint?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
 
 #: merge.c:56
 msgid "failed to read the cache"
 msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534
-#: builtin/clone.c:586
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:656
 msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
-msgstr "(ungültige Version)\n"
+msgstr "(ungültiger Commit)\n"
 
 #: merge-recursive.c:206
 #, c-format
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "addinfo_cache für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Bäume"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen des Pfades '%s'%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Entferne %s um Platz für Unterverzeichnis zu schaffen\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": vielleicht ein Verzeichnis/Datei-Konflikt?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "verweigere, da unbeobachtete Dateien in '%s' verloren gehen würden"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "kann Objekt %s '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr "Blob erwartet für %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen einer symbolischen Verknüpfung für '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen eines symbolischen Verweises für '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "weiß nicht was mit %06o %s '%s' zu machen ist"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
-msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung der internen Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung des internen Merges"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zur Datenbank hinzufügen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
-msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Baum"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Verzeichnis"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -520,7 +667,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
 "im Arbeitsbereich gelassen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -529,222 +676,263 @@ msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
 "im Arbeitsbereich bei %s gelassen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "umbenennen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "umbenannt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s ist ein Verzeichnis in %s, füge es stattdessen als %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
 "\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
 msgstr ""
-"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\" "
-"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\"%s"
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\" "
+"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (bleibt unaufgelöst)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. Benenne um %s->%s "
 "in %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "Benenne stattdessen %s nach %s und %s nach %s um"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (umbenennen/hinzufügen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. %s hinzugefügt in "
 "%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Füge zusammengeführte Datei %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Füge stattdessen als %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "kann Objekt %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "Objekt %s ist kein Blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "ändern"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "geändert"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "Inhalt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "hinzufügen/hinzufügen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
-msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis der Zusammenführung existiert bereits)"
+msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis des Merges existiert bereits)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
-msgstr "automatische Zusammenführung von %s"
+msgstr "automatischer Merge von %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:893
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1118
 msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt"
+msgstr "Submodul"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
-msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Zusammenführungskonflikt in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Merge-Konflikt in %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "Entferne %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "Datei/Verzeichnis"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "Verzeichnis/Datei"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s): Es existiert bereits ein Verzeichnis %s in %s. Füge %s als %s "
 "hinzu."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Füge %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
-msgstr "Fataler Fehler bei der Zusammenführung. Sollte nicht passieren."
+msgstr "Fataler Merge-Fehler. Sollte nicht passieren."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "Bereits aktuell!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
-msgstr "Zusammenführen der Bäume %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Zusammenführen der \"Tree\"-Objekte %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "unverarbeiteter Pfad??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung:"
+msgstr "Merge:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
-msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorfahren gefunden"
-msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorfahren gefunden"
+msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit gefunden"
+msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorgänger-Commits gefunden"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung hat keine Version zurückgegeben"
+msgstr "Merge hat keinen Commit zurückgegeben"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:643
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area nicht schreiben."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann uninitialisiertes/unreferenzierte Notiz-Verzeichnis nicht committen."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "      oder: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' befindet sich in Submodul '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' ist hinter einem symbolischen Verweis"
+
+#: remote.c:1788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Version.\n"
-msgstr[1] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Versionen.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commits.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1637
+#: remote.c:1794
 msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git push\" um deine lokalen Versionen herauszubringen)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git push\" um lokale Commits zu publizieren)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1640
+#: remote.c:1797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Version hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commit hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Versionen hinterher, und kann vorgespult "
-"werden.\n"
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commits hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1647
+#: remote.c:1805
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git pull\" um deinen lokalen Zweig zu aktualisieren)\n"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren lokalen Branch zu aktualisieren)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1650
+#: remote.c:1808
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -753,828 +941,1030 @@ msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
-"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
-"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1659
+#: remote.c:1818
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git pull\" um deinen Zweig mit dem externen zusammenzuführen)\n"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren Branch mit dem Remote-Branch "
+"zusammenzuführen)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "Öffnen von /dev/null fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:761 builtin/merge.c:874 builtin/merge.c:984
-#: builtin/merge.c:994
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:986
-#: builtin/merge.c:999
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
 "mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
-"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und trage das Ergebnis ein mit "
-"'git commit'"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und tragen Sie das Ergebnis mit\n"
+"'git commit' ein"
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:869 sequencer.c:952
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach %s schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fehler bei Nachbereitung von %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
-"Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
-msgstr "Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
-msgstr "Trage deine Änderungen ein oder benutze \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
+msgstr ""
+"Tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein oder benutzen Sie \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:355
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht auflösen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:377
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
-msgstr "Konnte zwischengespeicherten Baum nicht aktualisieren\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht parsen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Elternversion %s nicht parsen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:493
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
-msgstr "Deine Bereitstellungsdatei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
-
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+msgstr "Ihre Staging-Area-Datei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:512
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
-msgstr ""
-"Version %s ist eine Zusammenführung, aber die Option -m wurde nicht "
-"angegeben."
+msgstr "Commit %s ist ein Merge, aber die Option -m wurde nicht angegeben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
-msgstr "Version %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Version %s ist keine Zusammenführung."
+msgstr "Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Commit %s ist kein Merge."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
-msgstr "%s: kann Elternversion %s nicht parsen"
+msgstr "%s: kann Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
-msgstr "Kann keine Versionsbeschreibung für %s bekommen"
+msgstr "Kann keine Commit-Beschreibung für %s bekommen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:627
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
-msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zurücksetzen... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"revert\" nicht auf %s ausführen... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht anwenden... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:664
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
-msgstr "leere Menge von Versionen übergeben"
+msgstr "leere Menge von Commits übergeben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:672
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
-msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Staging-Area"
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:677
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
-msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Staging-Area"
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht während eines %s durchführen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:757
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Konnte Zeile %d nicht parsen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:762
 msgid "No commits parsed."
-msgstr "Keine Versionen geparst."
+msgstr "Keine Commits geparst."
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:779
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:786
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Unbenutzbares Instruktionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:814
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Schlüssel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Fehlerhaftes Optionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:850
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" ist bereits im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
-msgstr "versuche \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "versuchen Sie \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Konnte \"sequencer\"-Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:871 sequencer.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Einpacken von %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:890 sequencer.c:1024
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "kein \"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:892
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
-msgstr "kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen"
+msgstr "kann HEAD nicht auflösen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:894
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
+msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:916 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht öffnen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:919
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:920
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "Unerwartetes Dateiende"
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
-msgstr ""
-"gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" Datei der Zweigspitze (HEAD) '%s' ist "
-"beschädigt"
+msgstr "gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" HEAD Datei '%s' ist beschädigt"
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht formatieren."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht in \"cherry-pick\" benutzt werden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1095
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: ungültiger Commit"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1129
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
-msgstr "Kann nicht zu initialer Version zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Revert ausführen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann \"cherry-pick\" nicht in einem leerem Kopf ausführen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Cherry-Pick ausführen."
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git erzeugt normalerweise keine Referenzen die mit\n"
+"40 Hex-Zeichen enden, da diese ignoriert werden wenn\n"
+"Sie diese angeben. Diese Referenzen könnten aus Versehen\n"
+"erzeugt worden sein. Zum Beispiel,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"wobei \"$br\" leer ist und eine 40-Hex-Referenz erzeugt\n"
+"wurde. Bitte prüfen Sie diese Referenzen und löschen\n"
+"Sie sie gegebenenfalls. Unterdrücken Sie diese Meldung\n"
+"indem Sie \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"ausführen."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:1097
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) zeigt auf keinen Zweig"
+msgstr "HEAD zeigt auf keinen Branch"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1100
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein solcher Zweig '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein entferntes Projektarchiv für Zweig '%s' konfiguriert."
+msgstr "Kein Upstream-Branch für Branch '%s' konfiguriert."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1106
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
-msgstr ""
-"Zweig '%s' des entfernten Projektarchivs ist kein gefolgter Ãœbernahmezweig"
+msgstr "Upstream-Branch '%s' ist nicht als Remote-Tracking-Branch gespeichert"
 
 #: wrapper.c:408
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen"
+
+#: wrapper.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "konnte aktuellen Benutzer nicht in Passwort-Datei finden: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:441
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "kein solcher Benutzer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:141
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Nicht zusammengeführte Pfade:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:168 wt-status.c:195
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
-"Bereitstellung)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:170 wt-status.c:197
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
-"Bereitstellung)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:174
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:180
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
 "markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:178
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:189
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "zum Eintragen bereitgestellte Änderungen:"
+msgstr "zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:207
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
-msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Eintragen bereitgestellt sind:"
+msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Commit vorgemerkt sind:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:211
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:214
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
 "Arbeitsverzeichnis zu verwerfen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (trage ein oder verwerfe den unbeobachteten oder geänderten Inhalt in den "
-"Unterprojekten)"
+"  (committen oder verwerfen Sie den unbeobachteten oder geänderten Inhalt in "
+"den Submodulen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git %s <Datei>...\" zum Einfügen in die Eintragung)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git %s <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:245
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "Fehler"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "beide gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "von uns hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "von denen gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "von denen hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "von uns gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "von beiden hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "von beiden geändert:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:286
 msgid "new commits, "
-msgstr "neue Versionen, "
+msgstr "neue Commits, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:288
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "geänderter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:290
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "unbeobachteter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:307
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "neue Datei:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopiert:     %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "gelöscht:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "geändert:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "umbenannt:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "Typänderung: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "unbekannt:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "nicht zusammengeführt:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "Fehler: unbehandelter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:803
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
-msgstr "Du hast nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
+msgstr "Sie haben nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:806
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr " (behebe die Konflikte und führe \"git commit\" aus)"
+msgstr " (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:809
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
-msgstr ""
-"Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber du bist immer noch beim Zusammenführen."
+msgstr "Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber Sie sind immer noch beim Merge."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:812
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git commit\" um die Zusammenführung abzuschließen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git commit\" um den Merge abzuschließen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:822
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "Eine \"am\"-Sitzung ist im Gange."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:825
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Der aktuelle Patch ist leer."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (behebe die Konflikte und führe dann \"git am --resolved\" aus)"
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:831
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git am --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git am --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:833
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git am --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"wiederherzustellen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase von Branch '%s' auf '%s'."
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
-msgstr "Du bist gerade beim Neuaufbau."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:901
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
-msgstr "  (behebe die Konflikte und führe dann \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:903
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git rebase --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:905
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rebase --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig auszuchecken)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"auszuchecken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:918
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
-msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führe \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie teilen gerade einen Commit auf, während ein Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s' im Gange ist."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
-msgstr "Du teilst gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus auf."
+msgstr "Sie teilen gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase auf."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:930
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
-"  (Sobald dein Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber ist, führe \"git rebase --continue"
-"\" aus)"
+"  (Sobald Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert ist, führen Sie \"git rebase --"
+"continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
-msgstr "Du editierst gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus."
+msgstr "Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:942
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git commit --amend\" um die aktuelle Version nachzubessern)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git commit --amend\" um den aktuellen Commit nachzubessern)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:944
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rebase --continue\" sobald deine Änderungen abgeschlossen "
-"sind)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" sobald Ihre Änderungen "
+"abgeschlossen sind)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:954
 msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
-msgstr "Du führst gerade \"cherry-pick\" aus."
+msgstr "Sie führen gerade \"cherry-pick\" aus."
+
+#: wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git cherry-pick --continue"
+"\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git cherry-pick --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git cherry-pick --abort\" um die Cherry-Pick-Operation "
+"abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade an einem Revert von Commit '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:977
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git revert --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git revert --continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führe \"git commit\" aus)"
+#: wt-status.c:982
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git revert --abort\" um die Revert-Operation abzubrechen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche, gestartet von Branch '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:997
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
-msgstr "Du bist gerade beim Halbieren."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1000
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git bisect reset\" um zum ursprünglichen Zweig zurückzukehren)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git bisect reset\" um zum ursprünglichen Branch "
+"zurückzukehren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
-msgstr "Auf Zweig "
+msgstr "Auf Branch "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1180
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "Rebase im Gange; auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1187
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst bei "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst von "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1192
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
-msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Zweig."
+msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Branch."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1209
 msgid "Initial commit"
-msgstr "Initiale Version"
+msgstr "Initialer Commit"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1223
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1225
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr "Ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1229
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.\n"
+"'status -uno' könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten,\n"
+"neue Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien nicht aufgelistet%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1237
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (benutze die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1243
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
-"keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt (benutze \"git add\" und/oder "
+"keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt (benutzen Sie \"git add\" und/oder "
 "\"git commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
-msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt\n"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1254
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
 "track)\n"
 msgstr ""
-"nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien "
-"(benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
+"nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien (benutzen "
+"Sie \"git add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
-msgstr "nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien\n"
+msgstr "nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1260
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
-"nichts einzutragen (Erstelle/Kopiere Dateien und benutze \"git add\" zum "
-"Beobachten)\n"
+"nichts zu committen (Erstellen/Kopieren Sie Dateien und benutzen Sie \"git "
+"add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1263 wt-status.c:1268
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
-msgstr "nichts einzutragen\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1266
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
-"nichts einzutragen (benutze die Option -u, um unbeobachtete Dateien "
+"nichts zu committen (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unbeobachtete Dateien "
 "anzuzeigen)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1270
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
-msgstr "nichts einzutragen, Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen, Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1378
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
-msgstr "HEAD (kein Zweig)"
+msgstr "HEAD (kein Branch)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1384
 msgid "Initial commit on "
-msgstr "Initiale Version auf "
+msgstr "Initialer Commit auf "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1399
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "hinterher "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1402 wt-status.c:1405
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "voraus "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1407
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", hinterher "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [Optionen] [--] [<Pfadspezifikation>...]"
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Verhalten von 'git add %s (oder %s)' ohne ein Pfad-Argument von\n"
+"einem Unterverzeichnis aus wird in Git 2.0 geändert und sollte nicht\n"
+"mehr verwendet werden.\n"
+"Um Dateien des gesamten Projektverzeichnisses hinzuzufügen, führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (oder git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Zur Einschränkung auf das aktuelle Verzeichnis führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (oder git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Mit der aktuellen Version von Git ist das Kommando auf das aktuelle\n"
+"Verzeichnis beschränkt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git add [Optionen] [--] [<Dateimuster>...]"
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben 'git add' weder mit '-A (--all)' noch mit '--ignore-removal'\n"
+"ausgeführt. Das Verhalten des Kommandos ändert sich in Git 2.0 durch\n"
+"Berücksichtigung der gelöschten Pfade.\n"
+"Pfade wie '%s', die im Arbeitsverzeichnis gelöscht wurden, werden in\n"
+"dieser Version von Git ignoriert.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <Pfadspezifikation>', was der aktuelle\n"
+"  Standardwert ist, ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis.\n"
+"* 'git add --all <Pfadspezifikation>' berücksichtigt ebenfalls gelöschte\n"
+"  Pfade.\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git status' aus, um die gelöschten Pfade zu überprüfen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:231
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:252
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung der Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "lösche '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Pfad '%s' befindet sich in Unterprojekt '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
-"Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Bereitstellung:"
+"Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Staging-Area:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:275
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:573 builtin/rm.c:337
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' ist über einem symbolischen Link"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
-msgstr "Konnte die Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Konnte die Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:354
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Konnte Patch nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Leerer Patch. Abgebrochen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:367
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anwenden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:377
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien "
+"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien "
 "ignoriert:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:206
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:451 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:268
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr "Probelauf"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1160
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1483
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:395 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1573 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:397
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr "interaktives Auswählen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1031 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:398 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/reset.c:261
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
-msgstr "interaktiv Bereiche auswählen"
+msgstr "Blöcke interaktiv auswählen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr "aktuelle Unterschiede editieren und anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:400
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr "erlaubt das Hinzufügen andernfalls ignorierter Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:401
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr "aktualisiert beobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:402
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr "speichert nur, dass der Pfad später hinzugefügt werden soll"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:403
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 "fügt Änderungen von allen beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:406
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis (genau wie --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
-msgstr "fügt nichts hinzu, aktualisiert nur die Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "fügt nichts hinzu, aktualisiert nur die Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:409
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr ""
 "überspringt Dateien, die aufgrund von Fehlern nicht hinzugefügt werden "
 "konnten"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:410
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr "prüft ob - auch fehlende - Dateien im Probelauf ignoriert werden"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
-msgstr "Verwende -f wenn du diese wirklich hinzufügen möchtest.\n"
+msgstr "Verwenden Sie -f wenn Sie diese wirklich hinzufügen möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:433
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "keine Dateien hinzugefügt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:439
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "Hinzufügen von Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:478
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
-msgstr "-A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:496
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run benutzt werden."
+"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Nichts spezifiziert, nichts hinzugefügt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
-msgstr "Wolltest du vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
+msgstr "Wollten Sie vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:291 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:235
+#: builtin/add.c:533 builtin/check-ignore.c:161 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:312 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:297
 msgid "index file corrupt"
-msgstr "Bereitstellungsdatei beschädigt"
+msgstr "Staging-Area-Datei beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
+#: builtin/add.c:605 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
@@ -1583,12 +1973,12 @@ msgstr "git apply [Optionen] [<Patch>...]"
 #: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
-msgstr "nicht erkannte Option für Leerzeichen: '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Whitespace-Option: '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
-msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Leerzeichen: '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Whitespace: '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
@@ -1629,17 +2019,17 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null in Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount: unerwartete Zeile: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "Patch-Fragment ohne Kopfbereich bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1654,70 +2044,66 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
 "%d vorangestellte Teile des Pfades entfernt werden (Zeile %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei %s hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei %s hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** Warnung: Datei %s wird leer, aber nicht entfernt."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "Patch mit nutzlosen Informationen bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
-msgstr "konnte symbolische Verknüpfung %s nicht lesen"
+msgstr "konnte symbolischen Verweis %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "Ups"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Zeilenanfang: '%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
@@ -1725,12 +2111,12 @@ msgstr[0] "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeile versetzt)"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeilen versetzt)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Kontext reduziert zu (%ld/%ld) um Patch-Bereich bei %d anzuwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1739,340 +2125,341 @@ msgstr ""
 "bei der Suche nach:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "keine Daten in Binär-Patch für '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Binär-Patch nicht auf '%s' anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 "Binär-Patch für '%s' erzeugt falsches Ergebnis (erwartete %s, bekam %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht auschecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "Pfad %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
-msgstr "%s ist nicht bereitgestellt"
+msgstr "%s ist nicht in der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
-msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Version in der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: falscher Typ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s ist vom Typ %o, erwartete %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s ist bereits bereitgestellt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o) von %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: Patch konnte nicht angewendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Prüfe Patch %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
-msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Bereitstellung entfernen"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Unterprojekt %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Submodul %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte neu erstellte Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "kann internen Speicher für eben erstellte Datei %s nicht erzeugen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "kann für %s keinen Eintrag in den Zwischenspeicher hinzufügen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "schließe Datei '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' mit Modus %o nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch %s sauber angewendet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "interner Fehler"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisung an..."
 msgstr[1] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisungen an..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "Verkürze Name von .rej Datei zu %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d sauber angewendet."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
-msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d zurückgewiesen."
+msgstr "Patch-Block #%d zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "nicht erkannte Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:91
 #: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "Pfad"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet keine Änderungen im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet Änderungen nur im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "Anzahl"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
 "entfernt <Anzahl> vorangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen "
 "Differenzpfaden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "ignoriert hinzugefügte Zeilen des Patches"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird der \"diffstat\" für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt die Anzahl von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen in Dezimalnotation"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird eine Zusammenfassung für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, zeige ob Patch angewendet werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
-"stellt sicher, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Bereitstellung angewendet "
+"stellt sicher, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Staging-Area angewendet "
 "werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
-msgstr "wendet einen Patch an, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitszweig vorzunehmen"
+msgstr ""
+"wendet einen Patch an, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis vorzunehmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch an (Benutzung mit --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
-msgstr ""
-"versucht 3-Wege-Zusammenführung, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden "
-"konnte"
+msgstr "versucht 3-Wege-Merge, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden konnte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
-"erstellt eine temporäre Bereitstellung basierend auf den integrierten "
-"Bereitstellungsinformationen"
+"erstellt eine temporäre Staging-Area basierend auf den integrierten Staging-"
+"Area-Informationen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:462
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "Pfade sind getrennt durch NUL Zeichen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "stellt sicher, dass mindestens <n> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "Aktion"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
-msgstr "ermittelt neue oder geänderte Zeilen die Fehler in Leerzeichen haben"
+msgstr "ermittelt neue oder geänderte Zeilen die Whitespace-Fehler haben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
-msgstr "ignoriert Änderungen in Leerzeichen bei der Suche des Kontextes"
+msgstr "ignoriert Änderungen im Whitespace bei der Suche des Kontextes"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "erwartet keinen Kontext"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
-"hinterlässt zurückgewiesene Patch-Bereiche in den entsprechenden *.rej "
-"Dateien"
+"hinterlässt zurückgewiesene Patch-Blöcke in entsprechenden *.rej Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
-msgstr "erlaubt sich überlappende Patch-Bereiche"
+msgstr "erlaubt sich überlappende Patch-Blöcke"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "toleriert fehlerhaft erkannten fehlenden Zeilenumbruch am Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
-msgstr "vertraut nicht den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Bereiches"
+msgstr "vertraut nicht den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Blocks"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "Wurzelverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "stellt <Wurzelverzeichnis> vor alle Dateinamen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
-msgstr "--3way außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --3way kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
-msgstr "--index außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --index kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
-msgstr "--cached außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --cached kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "kann Patch '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
-msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
-msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
+msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
-msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Fehler in Leerzeichen hinzu."
-msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Fehler in Leerzeichen hinzu."
+msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
@@ -2091,21 +2478,21 @@ msgstr "git archive: Externes Archiv ohne URL"
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: habe ACK/NAK erwartet, aber EOF bekommen"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler am anderen Ende: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: Protokollfehler"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: erwartete eine Spülung (flush)"
 
@@ -2119,418 +2506,500 @@ msgstr "führt 'git bisect next' aus"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
-msgstr "aktualisiert BISECT_HEAD, anstatt die aktuelle Version auszuchecken"
+msgstr "aktualisiert BISECT_HEAD, anstatt den aktuellen Commit auszuchecken"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:26
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr "git blame [Optionen] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] Datei"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:31
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr "[rev-opts] sind dokumentiert in git-rev-list(1)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2276
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr "Zeigt \"blame\"-Einträge schrittweise, während wir sie generieren"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2277
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
-msgstr "Zeigt leere SHA-1 für Grenzversionen (Standard: aus)"
+msgstr "Zeigt leere SHA-1 für Grenz-Commits (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2278
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
-msgstr "Behandelt Ursprungsversionen nicht als Grenzen (Standard: aus)"
+msgstr "Behandelt Ursprungs-Commit nicht als Grenzen (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2279
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr "Zeigt Statistiken zum Arbeitsaufwand"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2280
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr "Zeigt Ausgabebewertung für \"blame\"-Einträge"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2281
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr "Zeigt ursprünglichen Dateinamen (Standard: auto)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2282
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Zeigt ursprüngliche Zeilennummer (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2283
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr "Anzeige in einem Format für maschinelle Auswertung"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2284
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr ""
-"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Versionsinformationen pro Zeile"
+"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Commit-Informationen pro Zeile"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2285
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Benutzt den gleichen Ausgabemodus wie \"git-annotate\" (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2286
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Zeigt unbearbeiteten Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2287
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
-msgstr "Zeigt langen Versions-SHA1 (Standard: aus)"
+msgstr "Zeigt langen Commit-SHA1 (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2288
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Unterdrückt den Namen des Autors und den Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2289
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Zeigt anstatt des Namens die Email-Adresse des Autors (Standard: aus)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2290
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
-msgstr "Ignoriert Unterschiede in Leerzeichen"
+msgstr "Ignoriert Unterschiede im Whitespace"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2291
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr "arbeite länger, um bessere Übereinstimmungen zu finden"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2292
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
-msgstr "Benutzt Revisionen von <Datei> anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
+msgstr "Benutzt Commits von <Datei> anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr "Benutzt Inhalte der <Datei>en als entgültiges Abbild"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392 builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294 builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "score"
 msgstr "Bewertung"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr "Findet kopierte Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr "Findet verschobene Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr "Verarbeitet nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m, gezählt von 1"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
-msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-l] [-f] <Zweigname> [<Startpunkt>]"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-l] [-f] <Branchname> [<Startpunkt>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
-msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r] (-d | -D) <Zweigname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r] (-d | -D) <Branchname>..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
-msgstr "git branch [Optionen] (-m | -M) [<alterZweig>] <neuerZweig>"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] (-m | -M) [<alterBranch>] <neuerBranch>"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"entferne Zweig '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
-"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt "
-"wurde."
+"entferne Branch '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"entferne Zweig '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
-"         '%s', obwohl er mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt wurde."
+"entferne Branch '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', obwohl er mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:167
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
-"Der Zweig '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
-"Wenn du sicher bist diesen Zweig zu entfernen, führe 'git branch -D %s' aus."
+"Der Branch '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
+"Wenn Sie sicher sind diesen Branch zu entfernen, führen Sie 'git branch -D "
+"%s' aus."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:208
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht nachschlagen."
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für HEAD nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:222
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann Zweig '%s' nicht entfernen, da du dich gerade auf diesem befindest."
+"Kann Branch '%s' nicht entfernen, da Sie sich gerade auf diesem befinden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "externer Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch '%s' nicht gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:236
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:250
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des externen Zweiges '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Remote-Branches '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:251
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Zweiges '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Branches '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Externer Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:259
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:361
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:433
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:435
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:439
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:441
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:444
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:447
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:560
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ungültige Referenz ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, Rebase von Branch %s im Gange)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, binäre Suche begonnen bei %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
-msgstr "(kein Zweig)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "Konnte einige Referenzen nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann aktuellen Zweig nicht umbenennen, solange du dich auf keinem befindest."
+"Kann aktuellen Branch nicht umbenennen, solange Sie sich auf keinem befinden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger Zweig-Name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchname: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:663
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
-msgstr "Umbenennung des Zweiges fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Umbenennung des Branches fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:667
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
-msgstr "falsch benannten Zweig '%s' umbenannt"
+msgstr "falsch benannten Branch '%s' umbenannt"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:671
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
-msgstr "Zweig umbenannt zu %s, aber Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist nicht aktualisiert!"
+msgstr "Branch umbenannt zu %s, aber HEAD ist nicht aktualisiert!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:678
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
-"Zweig ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
+"Branch ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
 "fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:693
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "Missgebildeter Objektname %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:717
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Zweig nicht schreiben: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Branch nicht schreiben: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:749
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
-msgstr "Zeigt Hash und Betreff; -vv: zusätzlich externen Übernahmezweig"
+msgstr "Zeigt Hash und Betreff; -vv: zusätzlich Upstream-Branch"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:750
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr "unterdrückt Informationsmeldungen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr "stellt den Ãœbernahmemodus ein (siehe git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:753
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "change upstream info"
-msgstr "ändert Informationen zum externen Übernahmezweig"
+msgstr "ändert Informationen zum Upstream-Branch"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr "verwendet farbliche Ausgaben"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "wirkt auf externe Ãœbernahmezweige"
+msgstr "wirkt auf Remote-Tracking-Branches"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761 builtin/branch.c:767 builtin/branch.c:788
-#: builtin/branch.c:794 builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/commit.c:1377
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1433 builtin/commit.c:1434
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435 builtin/commit.c:1436 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
-msgstr "Version"
+msgstr "Commit"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762 builtin/branch.c:768
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
-msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, welche diese Version beinhalten"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, welche diesen Commit beinhalten"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:774
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr "spezifische Aktionen für \"git-branch\":"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr "listet externe Ãœbernahmezweige und lokale Zweige auf"
+msgstr "listet Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches auf"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:777
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
-msgstr "entfernt vollständig zusammengeführten Zweig"
+msgstr "entfernt vollständig zusammengeführten Branch"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:778
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
-msgstr "löscht Zweig (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
+msgstr "löscht Branch (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:779
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
-msgstr "verschiebt/benennt einen Zweig und dessen Referenzprotokoll um"
+msgstr "verschiebt/benennt einen Branch und dessen Reflog um"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:780
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr ""
-"verschiebt/benennt einen Zweig um, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
+"verschiebt/benennt einen Branch um, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:781
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list branch names"
-msgstr "listet Zweignamen auf"
+msgstr "listet Branchnamen auf"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:782
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
-msgstr "erzeugt das Referenzprotokoll des Zweiges"
+msgstr "erzeugt das Reflog des Branches"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:784
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
-msgstr "bearbeitet die Beschreibung für den Zweig"
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Beschreibung für den Branch"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:785
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
-msgstr "erzeuge auch, wenn der Zweig bereits existiert"
+msgstr "erzeuge auch, wenn der Branch bereits existiert"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
-msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, die nicht zusammengeführt sind"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, die nicht zusammengeführt sind"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:794
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only merged branches"
-msgstr "gibt nur Zweige aus, die zusammengeführt sind"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, die zusammengeführt sind"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:798
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
 msgid "list branches in columns"
-msgstr "listet Zweige in Spalten auf"
+msgstr "listet Branches in Spalten auf"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:811
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Konnte Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+msgstr "Konnte HEAD nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:816 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:630
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
+msgstr "HEAD wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:836
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
-msgstr "--column und --verbose sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --column und --verbose sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Branchname erforderlich"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "zu losgelöstem HEAD kann keine Beschreibung hinterlegt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von mehr als einem Branch kann nicht bearbeitet werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Noch kein Commit in Branch '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht vorhanden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches für eine Umbenennen-Operation angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches angegeben um Upstream-Branch zu setzen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:887
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen neuen Upstream-Branch von HEAD zu %s setzen, da dieser auf\n"
+"keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' existiert nicht"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"zu viele Branches angegeben um Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch zu entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch von HEAD nicht entfernen, da dieser\n"
+"auf keinen Branch zeigt."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:899
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' hat keinen externen Ãœbernahmezweig gesetzt"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' hat keinen Upstream-Branch gesetzt"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:914
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD' darf nicht manuell erstellt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' machen mit einem Zweignamen keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' können nicht gemeimsam mit einem "
+"Branchnamen verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:917
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
 "track or --set-upstream-to\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutze --track "
-"oder --set-upstream-to\n"
+"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutzen Sie --"
+"track oder --set-upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:934
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2538,15 +3007,15 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Wenn du wolltest, dass '%s' den Zweig '%s' als externen Ãœbernahmezweig hat, "
-"führe aus:\n"
+"Wenn Sie wollten, dass '%s' den Branch '%s' als Upstream-Branch hat, führen "
+"Sie aus:\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:935
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:936
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
@@ -2558,51 +3027,51 @@ msgstr "%s ist in Ordnung\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:56
 msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
-msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Projektarchiv benötigt."
+msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Repository benötigt."
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:60
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
-msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Projektarchiv benötigt."
+msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Repository benötigt."
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:285
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<Art>|--textconv) <Objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:286
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <Liste_von_Objekten>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:323
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr "<Art> kann sein: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:324
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr "zeigt Objektart"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:325
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr "zeigt Objektgröße"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn kein Fehler aufgetreten ist"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:328
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr "ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:330
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr "führt eine Textkonvertierung auf den Inhalt von Blob-Objekten aus"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:332
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 "Anzeige von Informationen und Inhalt von Objekten, gelesen von der Standard-"
 "Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:335
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 "Anzeige von Informationen über Objekte, gelesen von der Standard-Eingabe"
@@ -2613,7 +3082,8 @@ msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | Attribut...] [--] Pfadname..."
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:12
 msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
-msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | Attribut...] < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | Attribut...] < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:19
 msgid "report all attributes set on file"
@@ -2621,23 +3091,73 @@ msgstr "gibt alle Attribute einer Datei aus"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:20
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
-msgstr "verwendet .gitattributes nur von der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "verwendet .gitattributes nur von der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr "liest Dateinamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
 msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
 msgstr "Eingabepfade sind durch ein NUL Zeichen abgeschlossen"
 
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1054 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "zeigt Eingabe-Pfade ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:143
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "Angabe von Pfadnamen kann nicht gemeinsam mit --stdin verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option -z kann nur mit --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:148
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "kein Pfad angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:152
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "Die Option --quiet ist nur mit einem einzelnen Pfadnamen gültig."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --quiet und --verbose können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching ist nur mit --verbose zulässig"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [Optionen] <Kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "liest ebenfalls Kontakte von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Kontakt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "keine Kontakte angegeben"
+
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git checkout-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
 msgid "check out all files in the index"
-msgstr "checkt alle Dateien in der Bereitstellung aus"
+msgstr "checkt alle Dateien in der Staging-Area aus"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
 msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
@@ -2647,7 +3167,7 @@ msgstr "erzwingt das Ãœberschreiben bereits existierender Dateien"
 msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
 msgstr ""
 "keine Warnung für existierende Dateien, und Dateien, die sich nicht in der "
-"Bereitstellung befinden"
+"Staging-Area befinden"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
 msgid "don't checkout new files"
@@ -2655,7 +3175,7 @@ msgstr "checkt keine neuen Dateien aus"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
 msgid "update stat information in the index file"
-msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen in der Bereitstellungsdatei"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen in der Staging-Area-Datei"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
 msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
@@ -2680,112 +3200,113 @@ msgstr "kopiert Dateien von dem benannten Stand"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:25
 msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
-msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] <Zweig>"
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] <Branch>"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:26
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
-msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] [Zweig>] -- <Datei>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] [<Branch>] -- <Datei>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht unsere Version."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht deren Version."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht alle notwendigen Versionen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht die notwendigen Versionen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s': kann nicht zusammenführen"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Ergebnis der Zusammenführung von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Ergebnis von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
-msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit Pfaden benutzt werden"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit Pfaden verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' benutzt werden"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
-msgstr "Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Zweig '%s' wechseln"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
-msgstr "beschädigte Bereitstellungsdatei"
+msgstr "beschädigte Staging-Area-Datei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst deine aktuelle Bereitstellung auflösen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst Ihre aktuelle Staging-Area auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Konnte \"reflog\" für '%s' nicht durchführen\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Setze Zweig '%s' zurück\n"
+msgstr "Setze Branch '%s' neu\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:649
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Bereits auf '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu zurückgesetztem Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu umgesetzten Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618 builtin/checkout.c:955
+#: builtin/checkout.c:655 builtin/checkout.c:997
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu einem neuen Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu einem neuem Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:657
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... und %d weitere.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:719
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2798,17 +3319,17 @@ msgid_plural ""
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Version hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Commit hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Branches:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Versionen hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Commits hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Branches:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2817,247 +3338,350 @@ msgid ""
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du diese durch einen neuen Zweig behalten möchtest, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Branch behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
 "ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
 "\n"
-" git branch neuer_zweig_name %s\n"
+" git branch neuer_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:767
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "interner Fehler im Revisionsgang"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:771
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
-msgstr "Vorherige Position der Zweigspitze (HEAD) war"
+msgstr "Vorherige Position von HEAD war"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:798 builtin/checkout.c:992
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "du bist auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
+msgstr "Sie sind auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Referenz: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
-msgstr "Referenz ist kein Baum: %s"
+msgstr "Referenz ist kein \"Tree\"-Objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "Pfade können nicht mit dem Wechseln von Zweigen benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Pfade können nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:967 builtin/checkout.c:971
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/checkout.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit dem Wechseln von Zweigen benutzt werden"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:978 builtin/checkout.c:983
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1017 builtin/checkout.c:1020 builtin/checkout.c:1025
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
-msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' benutzt werden"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
-msgstr "Kann Zweig nicht zu Nicht-Version '%s' wechseln"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr "unterdrückt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+msgstr "Kann Branch nicht zu Nicht-Commit '%s' wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013 builtin/checkout.c:1015 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1055 builtin/checkout.c:1057 builtin/clone.c:89
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
-msgstr "Zweig"
+msgstr "Branch"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
-msgstr "erzeugt und checkt einen neuen Zweig aus"
+msgstr "erzeugt und checkt einen neuen Branch aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
-msgstr "erzeugt/setzt neu und checkt einen Zweig aus"
+msgstr "erzeugt/setzt um und checkt einen Branch aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
-msgstr "erzeugt Referenzprotokoll für den neuen Zweig"
+msgstr "erzeugt das Reflog für den neuen Branch"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
-msgstr "setzt die Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu benannter Version"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD zu benanntem Commit"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
-msgstr "setzt Informationen zum externen Übernahmezweig für den neuen Zweig"
+msgstr "setzt Informationen zum Upstream-Branch für den neuen Branch"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new branch"
-msgstr "neuer Zweig"
+msgstr "neuer Branch"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new unparented branch"
-msgstr "neuer Zweig ohne Elternversion"
+msgstr "neuer Branch ohne Eltern-Commit"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1022
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checkt unsere Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checkt ihre Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr "erzwingt Auschecken (verwirft lokale Änderungen)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
-msgstr "führt eine 3-Wege-Zusammenführung mit dem neuen Zweig aus"
+msgstr "führt einen 3-Wege-Merge mit dem neuen Branch aus"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr "aktualisiert ignorierte Dateien (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1029 builtin/log.c:1116 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071 builtin/log.c:1208 parse-options.h:249
 msgid "style"
 msgstr "Stil"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1072
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr "Konfliktstil (merge oder diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1075
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikationen ignorieren Einstellungen zum partiellen Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 msgstr "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1057
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1101
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "-b, -B und --orphan schliessen sich gegenseitig aus"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -b, -B und --orphan schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1074
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1118
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
-msgstr "--track benötigt einen Zweignamen"
+msgstr "Bei der Option --track muss ein Branchname angegeben werden."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
-msgstr "Vermisse Zweignamen; versuche -b"
+msgstr "Vermisse Branchnamen; versuchen Sie -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikation"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1123
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1167
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Zweig '%s' wechseln.\n"
-"Hast du beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Version aufgelöst "
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln.\n"
+"Haben Sie beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Commit aufgelöst "
 "werden kann?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1172
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1132
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1176
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force und --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
-"du aus der Bereitstellung auscheckst."
+"Sie aus der Staging-Area auschecken."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ãœberspringe Repository %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde Repository %s überspringen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:293
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - nummeriertes Element auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Prefix auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) nichts auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:297
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - einzelnes Element auswählen\n"
+"3-5        - Bereich von Elementen auswählen\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - mehrere Bereiche auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Prefix auswählen\n"
+"-...       - angegebenes Element abwählen\n"
+"*          - alle Elemente auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) Auswahl beenden"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Wie bitte (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ignorier-Muster eingeben>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "WARNUNG: Kann keine Einträge finden die Muster entsprechen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:716
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Wählen Sie Einträge zum Löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "'%s' löschen? "
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
+#: builtin/clean.c:781
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tschüss."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
+#: builtin/clean.c:789
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - Clean starten\n"
+"filter by pattern   - Einträge von Löschung ausschließen\n"
+"select by numbers   - Auswahl von Einträgen über Nummern\n"
+"ask each            - jede Löschung bestätigen (wie \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - Clean beenden\n"
+"help                - diese Meldung anzeigen\n"
+"?                   - Hilfe zur Auswahl mittels Eingabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:816
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandos ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Was nun"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:825
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Würde das folgende Element entfernen:"
+msgstr[1] "Würde die folgenden Elemente entfernen:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:842
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Keine Dateien mehr zum Löschen, beende."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
 msgid "do not print names of files removed"
 msgstr "gibt keine Namen von gelöschten Dateien aus"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
 msgid "force"
 msgstr "erzwingt Aktion"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "interaktives Clean"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
 msgid "remove whole directories"
 msgstr "löscht ganze Verzeichnisse"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:717
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "pattern"
 msgstr "Muster"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
 msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
 msgstr "fügt <Muster> zu den Regeln für ignorierte Pfade hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
 msgid "remove ignored files, too"
 msgstr "löscht auch ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
 msgid "remove only ignored files"
 msgstr "löscht nur ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x und -X können nicht zusammen benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -x und -X können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f gegeben; "
-"Säuberung verweigert"
+"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -f gegeben; "
+"\"clean\" verweigert"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f "
-"gegeben; Säuberung verweigert"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -"
+"f gegeben; \"clean\" verweigert"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
-msgstr "git clone [Optionen] [--] <Projektarchiv> [<Verzeichnis>]"
+msgstr "git clone [Optionen] [--] <Repository> [<Verzeichnis>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:462
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr "erzwingt Fortschrittsanzeige"
 
@@ -3067,27 +3691,27 @@ msgstr "kein Auschecken"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
 msgid "create a bare repository"
-msgstr "erstellt ein bloßes Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "erstellt ein Bare-Repository"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:72
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
-msgstr "erstellt ein Spiegelarchiv (impliziert bloßes Projektarchiv)"
+msgstr "erstellt ein Spiegelarchiv (impliziert --bare)"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:74
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
-msgstr "um von einem lokalen Projektarchiv zu klonen"
+msgstr "um von einem lokalen Repository zu klonen"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:76
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
-msgstr "benutzt lokal keine harten Links, immer Kopien"
+msgstr "verwendet lokal keine harten Verweise, immer Kopien"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:78
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
-msgstr "Einrichtung als verteiltes Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "Einrichtung als verteiltes Repository"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
-msgstr "initialisiert Unterprojekte im Klon"
+msgstr "initialisiert Submodule im Klon"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
 msgid "template-directory"
@@ -3099,7 +3723,7 @@ msgstr "Verzeichnis, von welchem die Vorlagen verwendet werden"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:86
 msgid "reference repository"
-msgstr "referenziert Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "referenziert Repository"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
 msgid "name"
@@ -3107,18 +3731,17 @@ msgstr "Name"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:88
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
-msgstr "benutzt <Name> statt 'origin' für externes Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "verwendet <Name> statt 'origin' für Upstream-Repository"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:90
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-"checkt <Zweig> aus, anstatt Zweigspitze (HEAD) des externen Projektarchivs"
+msgstr "checkt <Branch> aus, anstatt HEAD des Remote-Repositories"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:92
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:661
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr "Tiefe"
 
@@ -3128,7 +3751,7 @@ msgstr "erstellt einen flachen Klon mit dieser Tiefe"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:96
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
-msgstr "klont nur einen Zweig, Zweigspitze (HEAD) oder --branch"
+msgstr "klont nur einen Branch, HEAD oder --branch"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
@@ -3136,7 +3759,7 @@ msgstr ".git-Verzeichnis"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
-msgstr "separiert Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsbaum"
+msgstr "separiert Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:99
 msgid "key=value"
@@ -3144,124 +3767,162 @@ msgstr "Schlüssel=Wert"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:100
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
-msgstr "setzt Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Projektarchivs"
+msgstr "setzt Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Repositories"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:253
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "Referenziertes Projektarchiv '%s' ist kein lokales Verzeichnis."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist kein lokales Repository."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:318 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s existiert und ist kein Verzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Verknüpfung '%s' nicht erstellen"
+msgstr "Konnte Verweis '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Datei nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "Fertig.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen erfolgreich, Auschecken ist aber fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+"Sie können mit 'git status' prüfen, was ausgecheckt worden ist\n"
+"und das Auschecken mit 'git checkout -f HEAD' erneut versuchen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
-msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden externer Zweig %s nicht finden."
+msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden Remote-Branch %s nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Repository hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "done\n"
+msgstr "Fertig\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:621
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Externe Zweigspitze (HEAD) bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz "
-"und kann nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
+"Externer HEAD bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz und kann "
+"nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:652
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis konnte nicht ausgecheckt werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:760
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
-msgstr "Du musst ein Projektarchiv zum Klonen angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Repository zum Klonen angeben."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
-msgstr "--bare und --origin %s Optionen sind inkompatibel."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --origin %s sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --separate-git-dir sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:791
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "Projektarchiv '%s' existiert nicht."
+msgstr "Repository '%s' existiert nicht."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
-msgstr "--depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutze stattdessen file://."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutzen Sie "
+"stattdessen file://"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:798
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local wird ignoriert"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:808
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "Zielpfad '%s' existiert bereits und ist kein leeres Verzeichnis."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "Arbeitsbaum '%s' existiert bereits."
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' existiert bereits."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:831 builtin/clone.c:843
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte führende Verzeichnisse von '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:834
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Klone in bloßes Projektarchiv '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone in Bare-Repository '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klone nach '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Weiß nicht wie %s zu klonen ist."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
-msgstr "externer Zweig %s nicht im anderen Projektarchiv %s gefunden"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s nicht im Upstream-Repository %s gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:949
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
-msgstr "Du scheinst ein leeres Projektarchiv geklont zu haben."
+msgstr "Sie scheinen ein leeres Repository geklont zu haben."
 
 #: builtin/column.c:9
 msgid "git column [options]"
@@ -3293,17 +3954,17 @@ msgstr "Abstand zwischen Spalten"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
-msgstr "Option --command muss zuerst angegeben werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --command muss an erster Stelle stehen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git commit [Optionen] [--] <Dateimuster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:35
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git status [Optionen] [--] <Dateimuster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:40
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:45
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3316,137 +3977,152 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Dein Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
-"deines Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfe, dass diese\n"
-"zutreffend sind. Du kannst diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem du diese\n"
-"explizit setzt:\n"
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen:\n"
 "\n"
-"    git config --global user.name \"Dein Name\"\n"
-"    git config --global user.email deine@emailadresse.de\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ihr Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email ihre@emailadresse.de\n"
 "\n"
-"Nachdem du das getan hast, kannst du deine Identität für diese Version "
+"Nachdem Sie das getan hast, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit "
 "ändern mit:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:57
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du fragtest die jüngste Version nachzubessern, aber das würde diese leer\n"
-"machen. Du kannst Dein Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder die\n"
-"Version mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
+"Sie fragten den jüngsten Commit nachzubessern, aber das würde diesen leer\n"
+"machen. Sie können Ihr Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder diesen\n"
+"Commit mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:62
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Der letzte \"cherry-pick\" ist jetzt leer, möglicherweise durch eine "
 "Konfliktauflösung.\n"
-"Wenn du dies trotzdem eintragen willst, benutze:\n"
+"Wenn Sie dies trotzdem committen wollen, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Andernfalls benutze bitte 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:258
+#: builtin/commit.c:69
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Andernfalls benutzen Sie bitte 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie diesen Commit auslassen möchten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Benutzen Sie anschließend \"git cherry-pick --continue\", um die\n"
+"Cherry-Pick-Operation mit den verbleibenden Commits fortzusetzen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:279
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des Baum-Objektes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:300
+#: builtin/commit.c:321
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
-msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellung nicht erstellen."
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:306
+#: builtin/commit.c:327
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:410
+#: builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:381 builtin/commit.c:431
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "Konnte new_index Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
-"Gange ist."
+msgstr "Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:393
+#: builtin/commit.c:414
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im "
-"Gange ist."
+"Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:403
+#: builtin/commit.c:424
 msgid "cannot read the index"
-msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:423
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
-msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:511 builtin/commit.c:517
+#: builtin/commit.c:535 builtin/commit.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
-msgstr "Ungültige Version: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Commit: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:540
+#: builtin/commit.c:563
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "Fehlerhafter --author Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:560
+#: builtin/commit.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehlerhafte Identifikations-String: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter Ident-String: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:598 builtin/commit.c:631 builtin/commit.c:954
+#: builtin/commit.c:621 builtin/commit.c:654 builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht nachschlagen"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht nachschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/shortlog.c:271
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(lese Log-Nachricht von Standard-Eingabe)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:612
+#: builtin/commit.c:635
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "Konnte Log nicht von Standard-Eingabe lesen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:616
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Log-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:622
+#: builtin/commit.c:645
 msgid "commit has empty message"
-msgstr "Version hat eine leere Beschreibung"
+msgstr "Commit hat eine leere Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:661
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:642
+#: builtin/commit.c:665
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte SQUASH_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:646
+#: builtin/commit.c:669
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:707
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not write commit template"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsvorlage nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Vorlage nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3456,12 +4132,12 @@ msgid ""
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du eine Zusammenführung ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, lösche bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen Merge.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:723
+#: builtin/commit.c:746
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3471,688 +4147,709 @@ msgid ""
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du ein \"cherry-pick\" ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, lösche bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen \"cherry-pick\".\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:735
+#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
-"die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Versionsbeschreibung\n"
-"bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
+"die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:740
+#: builtin/commit.c:763
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen, die\n"
-"mit '#' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn du möchtest, kannst du diese "
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen, "
+"die\n"
+"mit '%c' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn Sie möchten, können Sie diese "
 "entfernen.\n"
-"Eine leere Versionsbeschreibung bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Eine leere Beschreibung bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sAutor:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:760
+#: builtin/commit.c:783
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
-msgstr "%sEintragender: %s"
+msgstr "%sCommit-Ersteller: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:780
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 msgid "Cannot read index"
-msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:817
+#: builtin/commit.c:845
 msgid "Error building trees"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der Zweige"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:832 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:860 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "Bitte liefere eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:929
+#: builtin/commit.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein existierender Autor mit '%s' gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:944 builtin/commit.c:1148
+#: builtin/commit.c:972 builtin/commit.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Modus '%s' für unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:984
+#: builtin/commit.c:1009
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und -z sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1039
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
-msgstr "Verwendung von --reset-author und --author macht keinen Sinn."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --reset-author und --author können nicht gemeinsam verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:995
+#: builtin/commit.c:1050
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
-msgstr "Du hast nichts zum nachbessern."
+msgstr "Sie haben nichts für \"--amend\"."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "Eine Zusammenführung ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
+msgstr "Ein Merge ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1003
+#: builtin/commit.c:1058
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam benutzt werden."
+"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
-msgstr "Nur eines von -c/-C/-F/--fixup kann benutzt werden."
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine Option von -c/-C/-F/--fixup verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
-msgstr "Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1023
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
-"Nur eines von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kann benutzt "
-"werden."
+"Es kann nur eine Option von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1097
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
-msgstr "--include/--only machen ohne Pfade keinen Sinn."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --include und --only können nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1099
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
-"Klug... die letzte Version mit einer unsauberen Bereitstellung nachbessern."
+"Klug... den letzten Commit mit einer geänderten Staging-Area nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1101
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 "Explizite Pfade ohne -i oder -o angegeben; unter der Annahme von --only "
 "Pfaden..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1111 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger \"cleanup\" Modus %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1061
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
-msgstr "Pfade mit -a machen keinen Sinn."
+msgstr "Die Option -a kann nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1067 builtin/commit.c:1202
-msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
-msgstr "--long und -z sind inkompatibel"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1162 builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1222 builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "show status concisely"
 msgstr "zeigt Status im Kurzformat"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1224 builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "show branch information"
-msgstr "zeigt Zweiginformationen"
+msgstr "zeigt Branchinformationen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1226 builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr "maschinenlesbare Ausgabe"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169 builtin/commit.c:1404
+#: builtin/commit.c:1229 builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "show status in long format (default)"
 msgstr "zeigt Status im Langformat (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1172 builtin/commit.c:1407
+#: builtin/commit.c:1232 builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr "schließt Einträge mit NUL-Zeichen ab"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1174 builtin/commit.c:1410 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1234 builtin/commit.c:1467 builtin/fast-export.c:667
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr "Modus"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1175 builtin/commit.c:1410
+#: builtin/commit.c:1235 builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt nicht beobachtete Dateien, optionale Modi: all, normal, no. (Standard: "
 "all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1238
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1179 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1239 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "wann"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1180
+#: builtin/commit.c:1240
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
-"ignoriert Änderungen in Unterprojekten, optional wenn: all, dirty, "
-"untracked. (Standard: all)"
+"ignoriert Änderungen in Submodulen, optional wenn: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Standard: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1242
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr "listet unbeobachtete Dateien in Spalten auf"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1256
+#: builtin/commit.c:1313
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
-msgstr "Konnte neu erstellte Version nicht nachschlagen."
+msgstr "Konnte neu erstellten Commit nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1258
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
-msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellte Version nicht analysieren."
+msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellten Commit nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1299
+#: builtin/commit.c:1356
 msgid "detached HEAD"
-msgstr "losgelöste Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+msgstr "losgelöster HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1301
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
 msgid " (root-commit)"
-msgstr " (Basis-Version)"
+msgstr " (Basis-Commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1425
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
-msgstr "unterdrückt Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreicher Eintragung"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreichem Commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1426
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
-msgstr "zeigt Unterschiede in Versionsbeschreibungsvorlage an"
+msgstr "zeigt Unterschiede in Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage an"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1428
 msgid "Commit message options"
-msgstr "Optionen für Versionsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1429 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr "liest Beschreibung von Datei"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "override author for commit"
-msgstr "überschreibt Autor von Version"
+msgstr "überschreibt Autor eines Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431 builtin/gc.c:178
 msgid "date"
 msgstr "Datum"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "override date for commit"
-msgstr "überschreibt Datum von Version"
+msgstr "überschreibt Datum eines Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr "Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
 msgid "commit message"
-msgstr "Versionsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
-msgstr "verwendet wieder und editiert Beschreibung von der angegebenen Version"
+msgstr "verwendet wieder und editiert Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1434
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
-msgstr "verwendet Beschreibung der angegebenen Version wieder"
+msgstr "verwendet Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wieder"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
-"benutzt eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern der "
-"angegebenen Version"
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern des "
+"angegebenen Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1436
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
-"benutzt eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Zusammenführen "
-"der angegebenen Version"
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung beim \"squash\" des "
+"angegebenen Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1437
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
-msgstr "Setze mich als Autor der Version (benutzt mit -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "Setzt Sie als Autor des Commits (verwendet mit -C/-c/--amend)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381 builtin/log.c:1073 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1438 builtin/log.c:1160 builtin/revert.c:111
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr "fügt 'Signed-off-by:'-Zeile hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1439
 msgid "use specified template file"
-msgstr "benutzt angegebene Vorlagendatei"
+msgstr "verwendet angegebene Vorlagendatei"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1440
 msgid "force edit of commit"
-msgstr "erzwingt Bearbeitung der Version"
+msgstr "erzwingt Bearbeitung des Commits"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "default"
 msgstr "Standard"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr ""
 "wie Leerzeichen und #Kommentare von der Beschreibung getrennt werden sollen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+#: builtin/commit.c:1442
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
-msgstr "fügt Status in die Versionsbeschreibungsvorlage ein"
+msgstr "fügt Status in die Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage ein"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1386 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr "Schlüssel-ID"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1444 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
-msgstr "signiert Version mit GPG"
+msgstr "signiert Commit mit GPG"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1447
 msgid "Commit contents options"
-msgstr "Optionen für Versionsinhalt"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Inhalt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1448
 msgid "commit all changed files"
-msgstr "trägt alle geänderten Dateien ein"
+msgstr "committet alle geänderten Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1449
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
-msgstr "trägt die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zur Bereitstellung ein"
+msgstr "merkt die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zum Commit vor"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
+#: builtin/commit.c:1451
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Änderungen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "commit only specified files"
-msgstr "trägt nur die angegebenen Dateien ein"
+msgstr "committet nur die angegebenen Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr "umgeht \"pre-commit hook\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1454
 msgid "show what would be committed"
-msgstr "zeigt an, was eingetragen werden würde"
+msgstr "zeigt an, was committet werden würde"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1408
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465
 msgid "amend previous commit"
-msgstr "ändert vorherige Version"
+msgstr "ändert vorherigen Commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr "umgeht \"post-rewrite hook\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer leeren Änderung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer Änderung mit einer leeren Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1449
+#: builtin/commit.c:1507
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
-msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht analysieren."
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1545 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Beschädigte MERGE_HEAD-Datei (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1559
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MODE nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsbeschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Beschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
-msgstr "Eintragung abgebrochen; du hast die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
+msgstr "Commit abgebrochen; Sie haben die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
-msgstr "Eintragung aufgrund leerer Versionsbeschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
+msgstr "Commit aufgrund leerer Beschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:832 builtin/merge.c:857
+#: builtin/commit.c:1612 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Versionsobjektes."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Commit-Objektes."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1633
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
-msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht sperren."
+msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht sperren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
-msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht aktualisieren."
+msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1648
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
-"Das Projektarchiv wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
-"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfe, dass deine Festplatte nicht\n"
-"voll und Dein Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führe\n"
+"Das Repository wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
+"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfen Sie, dass Ihre Festplatte nicht\n"
+"voll und Ihr Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führen Sie\n"
 "anschließend \"git reset HEAD\" zu Wiederherstellung aus."
 
 #: builtin/config.c:7
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr "git config [Optionen]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:51
+#: builtin/config.c:52
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr "Ort der Konfigurationsdatei"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:53
 msgid "use global config file"
-msgstr "benutzt globale Konfigurationsdatei"
+msgstr "verwendet globale Konfigurationsdatei"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "use system config file"
-msgstr "benutzt systemweite Konfigurationsdatei"
+msgstr "verwendet systemweite Konfigurationsdatei"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use repository config file"
-msgstr "benutzt Konfigurationsdatei des Projektarchivs"
+msgstr "verwendet Konfigurationsdatei des Repositories"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use given config file"
-msgstr "benutzt die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei"
+msgstr "verwendet die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "Blob-Id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "liest Konfiguration von angegebenem Blob-Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Aktion"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
+#: builtin/config.c:59
 msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gibt Wert zurück: Name [Wert-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:58
+#: builtin/config.c:60
 msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gibt alle Werte zurück: Schlüssel [Wert-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:59
+#: builtin/config.c:61
 msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gibt Werte für den regulären Ausdruck zurück: Name-regex [Wert-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:60
+#: builtin/config.c:62
 msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr "ersetzt alle passenden Variablen: Name Wert [Wert-regex] "
 
-#: builtin/config.c:61
+#: builtin/config.c:63
 msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr "fügt neue Variable hinzu: Name Wert"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:62
+#: builtin/config.c:64
 msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "entfernt eine Variable: Name [Wert-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:63
+#: builtin/config.c:65
 msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "entfernt alle Ãœbereinstimmungen: Name [Wert-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:64
+#: builtin/config.c:66
 msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr "benennt eine Sektion um: alter-Name neuer-Name"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:65
+#: builtin/config.c:67
 msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr "entfernt eine Sektion: Name"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:66
+#: builtin/config.c:68
 msgid "list all"
 msgstr "listet alles auf"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:67
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr "öffnet einen Editor"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:70 builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr "Slot"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr "findet die konfigurierte Farbe: [Standard]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr "findet die Farbeinstellung: [Standard-Ausgabe-ist-Terminal]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr "Typ"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr "Wert ist \"true\" oder \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr "Wert ist eine Dezimalzahl"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr "Wert ist --bool oder --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr "Wert ist ein Pfad (Datei oder Verzeichnisname)"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr "Sonstiges"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr "schließt Werte mit NUL-Byte ab"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr "beachtet \"include\"-Direktiven beim Nachschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <committish>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr "git describe [Optionen] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
-msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s ist nicht verfügbar"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s ist nicht verfügbar"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
-msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiger Objekt-Name"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiges '%s' Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
-msgstr "kein Markierung entspricht exakt '%s'"
+msgstr "kein Tag entspricht exakt '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "suche zur Beschreibung von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "beendete Suche bei %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine annotierten Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Jedoch gab es nicht annotierte Markierungen: versuche --tags."
+"Keine annotierten Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Jedoch gab es nicht-annotierte Tags: versuchen Sie --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Versuche --always oder erstelle einige Markierungen."
+"Keine Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie --always oder erstellen Sie einige Tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
-msgstr "%lu Versionen durchlaufen\n"
+msgstr "%lu Commits durchlaufen\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"mehr als %i Markierungen gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
+"mehr als %i Tags gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
 "Suche bei %s aufgegeben\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
-msgstr "findet die Markierung, die nach der Version kommt"
+msgstr "findet das Tag, das nach Commit kommt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr "protokolliert die Suchstrategie in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr "benutzt jede Referenz in .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr "benutzt alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "verwendet jedes Tag, auch nicht-annotierte"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
-msgstr "benutzt immer langes Format"
+msgstr "verwendet immer langes Format"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "folgt nur erstem Elternteil"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr "gibt nur exakte Ãœbereinstimmungen aus"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
-msgstr "betrachtet die jüngsten <n> Markierungen (Standard: 10)"
+msgstr "betrachtet die jüngsten <n> Tags (Standard: 10)"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "betrachtet nur Markierungen die <Muster> entsprechen"
+msgstr "betrachtet nur Tags die <Muster> entsprechen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
-msgstr "zeigt gekürztes Versionsobjekt, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
+msgstr "zeigt gekürztes Commit-Objekt, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr "Kennzeichen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr ""
-"fügt <Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsbaum hinzu (Standard: \"-dirty\")"
+"fügt <Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsverzeichnis hinzu (Standard: \"-"
+"dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
-msgstr "--long ist inkompatibel mit --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und --abbrev=0 sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty ist inkompatibel mit Versionen"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Commits verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
-msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolischer Link"
+msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolischer Verweis"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:228
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Option: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:305
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
-msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "Kein Git-Repository"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "Objekt '%s' ist ungültig."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "Mehr als %d Zweige angegeben: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:363
+#: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "Mehr als zwei Blobs angegeben: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:371
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
@@ -4161,46 +4858,45 @@ msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr "zeigt Fortschritt nach <n> Objekten an"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
-msgstr "wählt Behandlung von signierten Markierungen"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von signierten Tags"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:671
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
-msgstr "wählt Behandlung von Markierungen, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von Tags, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr "Schreibt Kennzeichen in diese Datei"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:676
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr "Importiert Kennzeichen von dieser Datei"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
-msgstr ""
-"erzeugt künstlich einen Markierungsersteller, wenn die Markierung keinen hat"
+msgstr "erzeugt künstlich einen Tag-Ersteller, wenn das Tag keinen hat"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:680
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
-msgstr "gibt für jede Version den gesamten Baum aus"
+msgstr "gibt für jeden Commit das gesamte Verzeichnis aus"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr "Benutzt die \"done\"-Funktion um den Strom abzuschließen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr "Ãœberspringt Ausgabe von Blob-Daten"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:20
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Projektarchiv> [<Referenzspezifikation>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:21
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
@@ -4208,7 +4904,7 @@ msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] <Gruppe>"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:22
 msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
-msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Projektarchiv> | <Gruppe>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Repository> | <Gruppe>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:23
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
@@ -4216,7 +4912,7 @@ msgstr "git fetch --all [<Optionen>]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:60
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
-msgstr "fordert von allen externen Projektarchiven an"
+msgstr "fordert von allen Remote-Repositories an"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:62
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
@@ -4228,24 +4924,25 @@ msgstr "Pfad des Programms zum Hochladen von Paketen auf der Gegenseite"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:65
 msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
-msgstr "erzwingt das Ãœberschreiben von lokalen Zweigen"
+msgstr "erzwingt das Ãœberschreiben von lokalen Branches"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:67
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
-msgstr "fordert von mehreren externen Projektarchiven an"
+msgstr "fordert von mehreren Remote-Repositories an"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:69
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
-msgstr "fordert alle Markierungen und verbundene Objekte an"
+msgstr "fordert alle Tags und verbundene Objekte an"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:71
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
-msgstr "fordert nicht alle Markierungen an (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "fordert nicht alle Tags an (--no-tags)"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:73
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
 msgstr ""
-"entfernt externe Ãœbernahmezweige, die sich nicht mehr im Fernarchiv befinden"
+"entfernt Remote-Tracking-Branches, die sich nicht mehr im Remote-Repository "
+"befinden"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:74
 msgid "on-demand"
@@ -4253,7 +4950,7 @@ msgstr "bei-Bedarf"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:75
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
-msgstr "kontrolliert rekursive Anforderungen von Unterprojekten"
+msgstr "kontrolliert rekursive Anforderungen von Submodulen"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
@@ -4265,208 +4962,224 @@ msgstr "erlaubt Aktualisierung der \"HEAD\"-Referenz"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:84
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
-msgstr "vertieft die Historie eines flachen Klon"
+msgstr "vertieft die Historie eines flachen Klons"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertiert zu einem vollständigen Repository"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr "Verzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
-msgstr "stellt dies an die Ausgabe der Unterprojekt-Pfade voran"
+msgstr "stellt dies an die Ausgabe der Submodul-Pfade voran"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr "Standard-Modus für Rekursion"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:220
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
-msgstr "Konnte externe Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht finden."
+msgstr "Konnte Remote-Referenz von HEAD nicht finden."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Objekt %s nicht gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:278
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[aktuell]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
-msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann nicht im aktuellen Zweig anfordern)"
+msgstr ""
+"! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann \"fetch\" im aktuellen Branch nicht ausführen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:293 builtin/fetch.c:379
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[zurückgewiesen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:304
 msgid "[tag update]"
-msgstr "[Markierungsaktualisierung]"
+msgstr "[Tag Aktualisierung]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:306 builtin/fetch.c:341 builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:324
 msgid "[new tag]"
-msgstr "[neue Markierung]"
+msgstr "[neues Tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:327
 msgid "[new branch]"
-msgstr "[neuer Zweig]"
+msgstr "[neuer Branch]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:330
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[neue Referenz]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwungen"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:381
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(kein Vorspulen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:412 builtin/fetch.c:718
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Von %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
-"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuche\n"
-"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Zweig zu löschen."
+"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuchen Sie\n"
+"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Branch zu löschen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wird unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wurde unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:589
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[gelöscht]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:590 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(nichts)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
-"Das Anfordern in den aktuellen Zweig %s von einem nicht-bloßen Projektarchiv "
+"Der \"fetch\" in den aktuellen Branch %s von einem nicht-Bare-Repository "
 "wurde verweigert."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:742
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" Wert \"%s\" ist nicht gültig für %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:826
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" wird ignoriert für %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Fordere an von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:930 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht von %s anfordern"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:949
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
-"Kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben. Bitte gebe entweder eine URL\n"
-"oder den Namen des externen Archivs an, von welchem neue\n"
-"Versionen angefordert werden sollen."
+"Kein Remote-Repository angegeben. Bitte geben Sie entweder eine URL\n"
+"oder den Namen des Remote-Repositories an, von welchem neue\n"
+"Commits angefordert werden sollen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:969
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
-msgstr "Du musst den Namen der Markierung angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen den Namen des Tags angeben."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --depth und --unshallow können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1017
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --unshallow kann nicht in einem vollständigen Repository "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1036
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
-msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Projektarchiv als Argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Repository als Argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1038
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "fetch --all macht keinen Sinn mit Referenzspezifikationen"
+msgstr "fetch --all kann nicht mit Refspecs verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
-msgstr "Kein externes Archiv (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1057
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
-"Abholen einer Gruppe mit Angabe von Referenzspezifikationen macht keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Das Abholen einer Gruppe von Remote-Repositories kann nicht mit der Angabe\n"
+"von Refspecs verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
 msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
 "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <Beschreibung>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <Datei>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:701
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:175
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:700
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:179
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:243
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "Anzahl"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr "fügt Historie mit höchstens <n> Einträgen von \"shortlog\" hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr "Alias für --log (veraltet)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr "Text"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
-msgstr "benutzt <Text> als Beschreibungsanfang"
+msgstr "verwendet <Text> als Beschreibungsanfang"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr "Datei zum Einlesen"
 
@@ -4524,7 +5237,7 @@ msgstr "zeigt unreferenzierte Objekte"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:616
 msgid "report tags"
-msgstr "meldet Markierungen"
+msgstr "meldet Tags"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:617
 msgid "report root nodes"
@@ -4532,11 +5245,11 @@ msgstr "meldet Hauptwurzeln"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:618
 msgid "make index objects head nodes"
-msgstr "erzeugt Kopfknoten der Bereitstellungsobjekte"
+msgstr "prüft Objekte in der Staging-Area"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:619
 msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
-msgstr "erzeugt Kopfknoten des Referenzprotokolls (Standard)"
+msgstr "prüft die Reflogs (Standard)"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:620
 msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
@@ -4586,251 +5299,253 @@ msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
-"komprimiert. Du kannst auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
+"Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
+"komprimiert. Sie können auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe \"git help gc\" für weitere Informationen.\n"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
-"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führe 'git prune' aus, um diese "
-"zu löschen."
+"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führen Sie 'git prune' aus, um "
+"diese zu löschen."
 
 #: builtin/grep.c:22
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
-msgstr "git grep [Optionen] [-e] <Muster> [<Version>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [Optionen] [-e] <Muster> [<Commit>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
 
 #: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: Fehler beim Erzeugen eines Thread: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#: builtin/grep.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Verzeichniswechsel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#: builtin/grep.c:442 builtin/grep.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
-msgstr "konnte Zweig (%s) nicht lesen"
+msgstr "konnte \"Tree\"-Objekt (%s) nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#: builtin/grep.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "kann \"grep\" nicht mit Objekten des Typs %s durchführen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#: builtin/grep.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "Schalter '%c' erwartet einen numerischen Wert"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#: builtin/grep.c:567
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:643
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
-msgstr "sucht in der Bereitstellung anstatt im Arbeitsbaum"
+msgstr "sucht in der Staging-Area anstatt im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:645
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr "findet auch in Inhalten, die nicht von Git verwaltet werden"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:647
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "sucht in beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:649
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr "sucht auch in ignorierten Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:652
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
 msgstr "zeigt Zeilen ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr "findet Übereinstimmungen unabhängig von Groß- und Kleinschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:656
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr "sucht nur ganze Wörter"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:658
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr "verarbeitet binäre Dateien als Text"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:660
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr "findet keine Muster in Binärdateien"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:663
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr "durchläuft höchstens <Tiefe> Ebenen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
-msgstr "benutzt erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX"
+msgstr "verwendet erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:670
+#: builtin/grep.c:669
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
-msgstr "benutzt grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX (Standard)"
+msgstr "verwendet grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:673
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr "interpretiert Muster als feste Zeichenketten"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:676
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
-msgstr "benutzt Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke"
+msgstr "verwendet Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:679
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr "zeigt Zeilennummern"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:680
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:681
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:683
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:685
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "zeigt nur Dateinamen anstatt übereinstimmende Zeilen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:687
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr "Synonym für --files-with-matches"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:690
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr "zeigt nur die Dateinamen ohne Ãœbereinstimmungen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:692
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr "gibt NUL-Zeichen nach Dateinamen aus"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:694
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "zeigt, anstatt der Zeilen, die Anzahl der übereinstimmenden Zeilen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:695
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr "hebt Ãœbereinstimmungen hervor"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:697
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr ""
 "gibt eine Leerzeile zwischen Ãœbereinstimmungen in verschiedenen Dateien aus"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:699
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt den Dateinamen nur einmal oberhalb der Ãœbereinstimmungen aus dieser "
 "Datei an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/grep.c:701
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor und nach den Ãœbereinstimmungen an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:705
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor den Ãœbereinstimmungen an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:707
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen nach den Ãœbereinstimmungen an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:708
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr "Kurzform für -C NUM"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:711
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr "zeigt eine Zeile mit dem Funktionsnamen vor Ãœbereinstimmungen an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:713
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr "zeigt die umgebende Funktion an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr "liest Muster von einer Datei"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr "findet <Muster>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:720
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr "kombiniert Muster, die mit -e angegeben wurden"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr "zeigt Ãœbereinstimmungen nur durch Beendigungsstatus an"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr "zeigt nur Ãœbereinstimmungen von Dateien, die allen Mustern entsprechen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:736
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
-msgstr "zeigt geparsten Baum für \"grep\"-Ausdruck"
+msgstr "zeigt geparstes Verzeichnis für \"grep\"-Ausdruck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr "Anzeigeprogramm"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr "zeigt Dateien mit Ãœbereinstimmungen im Anzeigeprogramm"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
+#: builtin/grep.c:742
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr "erlaubt den Aufruf von grep(1) (von dieser Programmversion ignoriert)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/grep.c:743 builtin/show-ref.c:188
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr "zeigt Verwendung"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:811
+#: builtin/grep.c:810
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "keine Muster angegeben"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:866
+#: builtin/grep.c:865
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
-msgstr "--open-files-in-pager arbeitet nur innerhalb des Arbeitsbaums"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --open-files-in-pager kann nur innerhalb des "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnisses verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
-msgstr "--cached oder --untracked kann nicht mit --no-index benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --untracked können nicht mit --no-index verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:894
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index oder --untracked kann nicht mit Versionen benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --no-index und --untracked können nicht mit Commits verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:897
+#: builtin/grep.c:896
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
-"--[no-]exlude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten benutzt werden"
+"Die Option --[no-]exclude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:905
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
-msgstr "sowohl --cached als auch Zweige gegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --cached kann nicht mit \"Tree\"-Objekten verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:60
 msgid ""
@@ -4868,371 +5583,403 @@ msgstr "speichert Datei wie sie ist, ohne Filter"
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr "verarbeitet Datei, als ob sie von diesem Pfad wäre"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr "Anzeige aller vorhandenen Kommandos"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste von allgemein verwendeten Anleitungen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr "zeigt Handbuch"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr "zeigt Handbuch in einem Webbrowser"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr "zeigt Info-Seite"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [Kommando]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [Kommando]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Hilfeformat: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Konnte emacsclient nicht starten."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Konnte Version des emacsclient nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "Version des emacsclient '%d' ist zu alt (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von '%s': %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Pfad für nicht unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Kommando für unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
-
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s': unbekannter Handbuch-Betrachter."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Handbuch-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Informations-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definition von Attributen pro Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Ein Git-Glossar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von bewusst ignorierten, unbeobachteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definition von Submodul-Eigenschaften"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von Commits und Bereichen für Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Eine einführende Anleitung zu Git (für Version 1.5.1 oder neuer)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Eine Übersicht über empfohlene Arbeitsabläufe mit Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Anleitungen sind:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "für `git %s' wurde der Alias `%s' angelegt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "Objekt-Typen passen bei %s nicht zusammen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "Objekt hat unerwarteten Typ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "kann %d Byte nicht lesen"
 msgstr[1] "kann %d Bytes nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "zu frühes Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "verwendete mehr Bytes als verfügbar waren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "Paket ist zu groß für die aktuelle Definition von off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "Paketsignatur stimmt nicht überein"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr "Paketversion %<PRIu32> nicht unterstützt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "Paket hat ein ungültiges Objekt bei Versatz %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "Dekomprimierung gab %d zurück"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt übergelaufen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt liegt außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Objekt-Typ %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Byte"
 msgstr[1] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Bytes"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "ernsthafte Inkonsistenz nach Dekomprimierung"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SHA1 KOLLISION MIT %s GEFUNDEN !"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges Blob-Objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Typ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Fehler in Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Nicht alle Kind-Objekte von %s sind erreichbar"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:838 builtin/index-pack.c:868
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "Konnte Dateiunterschied nicht anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Empfange Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Indiziere Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "Paket ist beschädigt (SHA1 unterschiedlich)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1040
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "kann Paketdatei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1043
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "Paketende enthält nicht verwendbaren Inhalt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von \"parse_pack_objects()\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Löse Unterschiede auf"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1087
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "kann Thread nicht erzeugen: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1129
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Auflösen der Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr "vervollständigt mit %d lokalen Objekten"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr "Unerwartete Prüfsumme für %s (Festplattenfehler?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschied"
 msgstr[1] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1176
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "Konnte angehängtes Objekt (%d) nicht komprimieren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1255
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "lokales Objekt %s ist beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1279
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Paketdatei"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1292
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1300
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann eben erstellte Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schließen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1313
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1324
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "Kann Indexdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr "\"pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>\" ist ungültig"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1363
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads angegeben (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr "keine Unterstützung von Threads, '%s' wird ignoriert"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Indexdatei für Paket '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1474
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1509
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Kann nicht zurück zu Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1557 builtin/index-pack.c:1560
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1572 builtin/index-pack.c:1576
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s ist ungültig"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1590
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
-msgstr "--fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "Name der Paketdatei '%s' endet nicht mit '.pack'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1613
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
-msgstr "--verify ohne Name der Paketdatei angegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --verify wurde ohne Namen der Paketdatei angegeben."
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
@@ -5262,17 +6009,17 @@ msgstr "kann Verzeichnis '%s' nicht öffnen"
 #: builtin/init-db.c:97
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
-msgstr "kann Verknüpfung '%s' nicht lesen"
+msgstr "kann Verweis '%s' nicht lesen"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
-msgstr "zu lange symbolische Verknüpfung %s"
+msgstr "zu langer symbolischer Verweis %s"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:102
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
-msgstr "kann '%s' nicht mit '%s' symbolisch verknüpfen"
+msgstr "kann symbolischen Verweis '%s' auf '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:106
 #, c-format
@@ -5322,7 +6069,7 @@ msgstr "Konnte %s nicht nach %s verschieben"
 #: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Konnte git-Verknüpfung %s nicht erstellen"
+msgstr "Konnte git-Verweis %s nicht erstellen"
 
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
@@ -5332,7 +6079,7 @@ msgstr "Konnte git-Verknüpfung %s nicht erstellen"
 #: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
-msgstr "%s%s Git-Projektarchiv in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-Repository in %s%s\n"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
@@ -5364,10 +6111,9 @@ msgstr "Berechtigungen"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:491
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
-msgstr ""
-"gibt an, dass das Git-Projektarchiv mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
+msgstr "gibt an, dass das Git-Repository mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
 
@@ -5397,364 +6143,385 @@ msgstr "Kann nicht auf aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis zugreifen."
 #: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
-msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsbaum '%s' zugreifen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' zugreifen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [<seit>..<bis>] [[--] <Pfad>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [Commitbereich>] [[--] <Pfad>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
 msgstr "   oder: git show [Optionen] <Objekt>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:124
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr "unterdrückt Ausgabe der Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr "zeigt Quelle"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "verwendet \"mailmap\"-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr "decorate-Optionen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "letzte Ausgabe: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:405 builtin/log.c:497
+#: builtin/log.c:453 builtin/log.c:545
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kann Objekt %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:521
+#: builtin/log.c:569
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:669
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers ohne Wert"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:751
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "Name des Ausgabeverzeichnisses ist zu lang."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kann Patch-Datei %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:712
+#: builtin/log.c:781
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
-msgstr "Brauche genau einen Versionsbereich."
+msgstr "Brauche genau einen Commit-Bereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:720
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 msgid "Not a range."
-msgstr "Kein Versionsbereich."
+msgstr "Kein Commit-Bereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:794
+#: builtin/log.c:891
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Anschreiben benötigt E-Mail-Format"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:867
+#: builtin/log.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:895
+#: builtin/log.c:995
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
-msgstr "git format-patch [Optionen] [<seit> | <Versionsbereich>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [Optionen] [<seit> | <Commitbereich>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:940
+#: builtin/log.c:1040
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Zwei Ausgabeverzeichnisse?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1068
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
-msgstr "benutzt [PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1071
+#: builtin/log.c:1158
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
-msgstr "benutzt [PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr "Ausgabe der Patches in Standard-Ausgabe"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1077
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr "erzeugt ein Deckblatt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1079
+#: builtin/log.c:1166
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
-msgstr "benutzt einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien"
+msgstr "verwendet einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1167
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr "Dateiendung"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1081
+#: builtin/log.c:1168
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr "verwendet <Dateiendung> anstatt '.patch'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1170
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr "beginnt die Nummerierung der Patches bei <n> anstatt bei 1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1085
+#: builtin/log.c:1172
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "kennzeichnet die Serie als n-te Fassung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1174
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
-msgstr "benutzt [<Prefix>] anstatt [PATCH]"
+msgstr "verwendet [<Prefix>] anstatt [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr "speichert erzeugte Dateien in <Verzeichnis>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1180
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr "[PATCH] wird nicht entfernt/hinzugefügt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1094
+#: builtin/log.c:1183
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr "gibt keine binären Unterschiede aus"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1185
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr ""
-"schließt keine Patches ein, die einer Version im Übernahmezweig entsprechen"
+"schließt keine Patches ein, die einem Commit im Upstream-Branch entsprechen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr "zeigt Patchformat anstatt des Standards (Patch + Zusammenfassung)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr "Email-Einstellungen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1101
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "header"
 msgstr "Header"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1191
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr "fügt Email-Header hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103 builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1192 builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "email"
 msgstr "Email"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr "fügt  \"To:\"-Header hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr "fügt \"Cc:\"-Header hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1196
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "Ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"setzt \"From\"-Adresse auf <Ident> (oder Ident des Commit-Erstellers,wenn "
+"fehlend)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr "message-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr "macht aus erster Email eine Antwort zu <message-id>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1109 builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1201 builtin/log.c:1204
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr "Grenze"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1110
+#: builtin/log.c:1202
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr "hängt einen Patch an"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1113
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr "fügt den Patch direkt in die Nachricht ein"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr "aktiviert Nachrichtenverkettung, Stile: shallow, deep"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1119
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr "Signatur"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1120
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr "fügt eine Signatur hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1122
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen der Patches"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1163
+#: builtin/log.c:1288
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Identifikationszeile: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1303
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "-n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1305
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "--subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1218
+#: builtin/log.c:1313
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-only macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-only kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1220
+#: builtin/log.c:1315
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-status macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-status kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1222
+#: builtin/log.c:1317
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
-msgstr "--check macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --check kann nicht verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1245
+#: builtin/log.c:1340
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "Standard-Ausgabe oder Verzeichnis, welches von beidem?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1247
+#: builtin/log.c:1342
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1400
+#: builtin/log.c:1490
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Ausgabedateien."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1449
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
-msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Ãœbernahmezweig> [<Arbeitszweig> [<Limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Upstream> [<Branch> [<Limit>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1504
+#: builtin/log.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Konnte gefolgten, externen Zweig nicht finden, bitte gebe <upstream> manuell "
-"an.\n"
+"Konnte gefolgten Remote-Branch nicht finden, bitte geben Sie <Upstream> "
+"manuell an.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1517 builtin/log.c:1519 builtin/log.c:1531
+#: builtin/log.c:1607 builtin/log.c:1609 builtin/log.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
-msgstr "Unbekannte Version %s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Commit %s"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:408
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-files [Optionen] [<Datei>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
-msgstr "zeigt den Dateistatus mit Markierungen"
+msgstr "zeigt den Dateistatus mit Tags"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
-msgstr "benutzt Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr "zeigt zwischengespeicherten Dateien in der Ausgabe an (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr "zeigt entfernte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr "zeigt geänderte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr "zeigt sonstige Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
-msgstr "zeigt Objektnamen von Inhalten in der Bereitstellung in der Ausgabe an"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Objektnamen von Inhalten, die zum Commit vorgemerkt sind, in der "
+"Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr "zeigt Dateien im Dateisystem, die gelöscht werden müssen, an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr "zeigt nur Namen von 'sonstigen' Verzeichnissen an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr "zeigt keine leeren Verzeichnisse an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr "zeigt nicht zusammengeführte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr "zeigt 'resolve-undo' Informationen an"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr "lässt Dateien aus, die einem Muster entsprechen"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:497
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr "schließt Muster, gelesen von <Datei>, aus"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr "liest zusätzliche pro-Verzeichnis Auschlussmuster aus <Datei>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr "fügt die standardmäßigen Git-Ausschlüsse hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:505
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr "Ausgabe relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr ""
-"behandle es als Fehler, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht in der Bereitstellung "
+"behandle es als Fehler, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht in der Staging-Area "
 "befindet"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:509
 msgid "tree-ish"
-msgstr "Versionsreferenz"
+msgstr "Commit-Referenz"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr ""
-"gibt vor, dass Pfade, die seit <Versionsreferenz> gelöscht wurden, immer "
-"noch vorhanden sind"
+"gibt vor, dass Pfade, die seit <Commit-Referenz> gelöscht wurden, immer noch "
+"vorhanden sind"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:512
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr "zeigt Ausgaben zur Fehlersuche an"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Versionsreferenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
 msgid "only show trees"
-msgstr "zeigt nur Bäume an"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Verzeichnisse an"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
-msgstr "führt Rekursion in Teilbäumen durch"
+msgstr "führt Rekursion in Unterverzeichnissen durch"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
-msgstr "zeigt Bäume bei Rekursion an"
+msgstr "zeigt Verzeichnisse bei Rekursion an"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
@@ -5770,392 +6537,406 @@ msgstr "listet nur Dateinamen auf"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
 msgid "use full path names"
-msgstr "benutzt vollständige Pfadnamen"
+msgstr "verwendet vollständige Pfadnamen"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
 msgstr ""
-"listet den gesamten Baum auf; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis (impliziert "
-"--full-name)"
+"listet das gesamte Verzeichnis auf; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis "
+"(impliziert --full-name)"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:43
 msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
-msgstr "git merge [Optionen] [<Version>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] [<Commit>...]"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:44
 msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
-msgstr "git merge [Optionen] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Version>"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Commit>"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:45
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "Schalter 'm' erfordert einen Wert."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Zusammenführungsstrategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Strategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Verfügbare Strategien sind:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Verfügbare benutzerdefinierte Strategien sind:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
-"zeigt keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss der Zusammenführung "
-"an"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges an"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
-"zeigt eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss der Zusammenführung an"
+msgstr "zeigt eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges an"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr "(Synonym für --stat)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr ""
-"fügt (höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung der "
-"Zusammenführung hinzu"
+"fügt (höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung des Merge-"
+"Commits hinzu"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
-msgstr "erzeugt eine einzelne Version anstatt einer Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "erzeugt einen einzelnen Commit anstatt eines Merges"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
-msgstr ""
-"führt eine Eintragung durch, wenn die Zusammenführung erfolgreich war "
-"(Standard)"
+msgstr "führt einen Commit durch, wenn der Merge erfolgreich war (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
-msgstr "Bearbeitung der Versionsbeschreibung vor der Eintragung"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Beschreibung vor dem Commit"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen (Standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr "bricht ab, wenn kein Vorspulen möglich ist"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "überprüft den genannten Commit auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr "Strategie"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
-msgstr "zu verwendende Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Merge-Strategie"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr "Option=Wert"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
-msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Merge-Strategie"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr ""
-"führt Versionsbeschreibung zusammen (für eine Zusammenführung, die kein "
-"Vorspulen war)"
+"führt Commit-Beschreibung zusammen (für einen Merge, der kein Vorspulen war)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
-msgstr "bricht die sich im Gange befindliche Zusammenführung ab"
+msgstr "bricht den sich im Gange befindlichen Merge ab"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "Konnte \"stash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "\"stash\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "kein gültiges Objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (nichts zu quetschen)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
-msgstr "Quetsche Version -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+msgstr "Quetsche Commit -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schreibe SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schließe SQUASH_MSG ab"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Keine Zusammenführungsbeschreibung -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht "
-"aktualisiert\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Commit-Beschreibung -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
-msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
+msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger branch.%s.mergeoptions String: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
-msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines Baumes fehl"
+msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines \"Tree\"-Objektes fehl"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:656
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
-msgstr "Es wird nur die Zusammenführung von zwei Zweigen behandelt."
+msgstr "Es wird nur der Merge von zwei Branches behandelt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:670
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Unbekannte Option für merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:684
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:773
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte nicht von '%s' lesen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:782
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung wurde nicht eingetragen; benutze 'git commit' um die "
-"Zusammenführung abzuschließen.\n"
+"Merge wurde nicht committet; benutzen Sie 'git commit' um den Merge "
+"abzuschließen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum diese "
-"Zusammenführung erforderlich ist,\n"
-"insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten, externen Zweig mit einem Thema-"
-"Zweig zusammenführt.\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum dieser\n"
+"Merge erforderlich ist, insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten\n"
+"Upstream-Branch mit einem Thema-Branch zusammenführt.\n"
 "\n"
-"Zeilen beginnend mit '#' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung "
-"bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Zeilen beginnend mit '%c' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
-msgstr "Leere Versionsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Leere Commit-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:824
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Wunderbar.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Automatische Zusammenführung fehlgeschlagen; behebe die Konflikte und trage "
-"dann das Ergebnis ein.\n"
+"Automatischer Merge fehlgeschlagen; beheben Sie die Konflikte und committen "
+"Sie dann das Ergebnis.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:905
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
-msgstr "'%s' ist keine Version"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein Commit"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:946
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
-msgstr "Du befindest dich auf keinem Zweig."
+msgstr "Sie befinden sich auf keinem Branch."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:948
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
-msgstr "Kein externes Archiv für den aktuellen Zweig."
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository für den aktuellen Branch."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:950
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Es ist kein externes Standard-Projektarchiv für den aktuellen Zweig "
-"definiert."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:955
-#, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
-msgstr "Kein externer Übernahmezweig für %s von %s"
+"Es ist kein Standard-Upstream-Branch für den aktuellen Branch definiert."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1042 builtin/merge.c:1199
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Tracking-Branch für %s von %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1110
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
-msgstr "Es gibt keine Zusammenführung zum Abbrechen (vermisse MERGE_HEAD)"
+msgstr "Es gibt keinen Merge zum Abbrechen (vermisse MERGE_HEAD)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1126 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1129 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
-msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
+msgstr "Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1133
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1136
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "Du kannst --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
+msgstr "Sie können --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1150
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Du kannst --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
-msgstr "Keine Version angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
+msgstr "Kein Commit angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1189
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann nur exakt eine Version in einem leeren Zweig zusammenführen."
+msgstr "Kann nur exakt einen Commit in einem leeren Branch zusammenführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1192
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
-msgstr "Bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird; kann nicht quetschen."
+msgstr ""
+"Bin auf einem Commit, der noch geboren wird; kann \"squash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1194
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
-msgstr "nicht vorzuspulende Version macht in einem leeren Zweig keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht vorzuspulender Commit kann nicht in einem leeren Branch verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Commit %s hat eine nicht vertrauenswürdige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine ungültige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine gültige GPG-Signatur von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1309
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Aktualisiere %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1348
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
-msgstr "Probiere wirklich triviale \"in-index\"-Zusammenführung...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere wirklich trivialen \"in-index\"-Merge...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1355
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nein.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1387
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Vorspulen nicht möglich, breche ab."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1410 builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
-msgstr "Rücklauf des Zweiges bis zum Ursprung...\n"
+msgstr "Rücklauf des Verzeichnisses bis zum Ursprung...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1414
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
-msgstr "Probiere Zusammenführungsstrategie %s...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere Merge-Strategie %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1480
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
-msgstr "Keine Zusammenführungsstrategie behandelt diese Zusammenführung.\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Strategie behandelt diesen Merge.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1482
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+msgstr "Merge mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1491
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
-msgstr "Benutze \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
+msgstr "Benutzen Sie \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1503
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Automatische Zusammenführung abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor der "
-"Eintragung an\n"
+"Automatischer Merge abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor dem Commit an\n"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:26
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
-msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <Version> <Version>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <Commit> <Commit>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:27
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
-msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <Version>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <Commit>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:28
 msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
-msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Version>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Commit>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:29
 msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
-msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Version> <Version>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Commit> <Commit>"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:98
 msgid "output all common ancestors"
-msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorfahren"
+msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commits"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:99
 msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
-msgstr "findet Vorfahren für eine einzelne n-Wege-Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "findet Vorgänger-Commits für einen einzelnen n-Wege-Merge"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:100
 msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
-msgstr "listet Revisionen auf, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
+msgstr "listet Commits auf, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:102
 msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
-msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorfahre von dem Anderen?"
+msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorgänger-Commit von dem Anderen?"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:8
 msgid ""
@@ -6171,7 +6952,7 @@ msgstr "sendet Ergebnisse zur Standard-Ausgabe"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:34
 msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
-msgstr "benutzt eine diff3 basierte Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "verwendet einen diff3 basierten Merge"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:35
 msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
@@ -6211,7 +6992,7 @@ msgstr "erlaubt fehlende Objekte"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:155
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
-msgstr "erlaubt die Erstellung von mehr als einem Baum"
+msgstr "erlaubt die Erstellung von mehr als einem \"Tree\"-Objekt"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:14
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
@@ -6245,7 +7026,7 @@ msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht über Datei verschieben"
 #: builtin/mv.c:128
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
-msgstr "Huh? %.*s ist in der Bereitstellung?"
+msgstr "Huh? %.*s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt?"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:140
 msgid "source directory is empty"
@@ -6287,47 +7068,51 @@ msgstr "Benenne %s nach %s um\n"
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "Umbenennung von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
-msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] <Version>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] <Commit>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr "zeigt nur Namen an (keine SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
-msgstr "benutzt nur Markierungen um die Versionen zu benennen"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Tags um die Commits zu benennen"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "benutzt nur Referenzen die <Muster> entsprechen"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Referenzen die <Muster> entsprechen"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
-msgstr "listet alle Versionen auf, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
+msgstr "listet alle Commits auf, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr "liest von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
 msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
 msgstr "erlaubt Ausgabe von `undefinierten` Namen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "dereferenziert Tags in der Eingabe (interne Verwendung)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] [list [<Objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6335,12 +7120,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] add [-f] [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-"
 "c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] copy [-f] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6348,286 +7133,260 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] append [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-c "
 "| -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] edit [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] show [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <Strategie> ] <Notiz-"
 "Referenz>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] remove [<Objekt>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [list [<Objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes add [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes copy [<Optionen>] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes append [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes edit [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes show [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "git notes merge [<Optionen>] <Notiz-Referenz>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<Optionen>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<Optionen>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes remove [<Objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes prune [<Optionen>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht starten"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe von 'show' nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht abschließen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
-msgstr "Bitte liefere den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Entferne Notiz für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "Konnte Notiz-Objekt nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Die Notiz-Inhalte wurden in %s belassen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Objektes '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "Kann uninitialisierten/unreferenzierten Notiz-Baum nicht eintragen."
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr ""
-"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehlerhafte Eingabezeile: '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Kopieren der Notizen von '%s' nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Kein Notiz für Objekt %s gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr "Notizinhalte als Zeichenkette"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr "Notizinhalte in einer Datei"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr "Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr "Wiederverwendung und Bearbeitung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr "Wiederverwendung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr "ersetzt existierende Notizen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Konnte Notizen nicht hinzufügen. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s "
-"gefunden. Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"gefunden. Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Überschreibe existierende Notizen für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr "liest Objekte von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr ""
 "lädt Konfiguration für <Kommando> beim Umschreiben von Versionen (impliziert "
 "--stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "zu wenig Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Kann Notizen nicht kopieren. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s gefunden. "
-"Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Keine Notizen für Quell-Objekt %s. Kopie nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Die Optionen -m/-F/-c/-C sind für das Unterkommando 'edit' veraltet.\n"
-"Bitte benutze stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+"Bitte benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
-msgstr "Optionen für Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "Merge-Optionen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
@@ -6635,46 +7394,46 @@ msgstr ""
 "löst Konflikte bei Notizen mit der angegebenen Strategie auf (manual/ours/"
 "theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr "trägt nicht zusammengeführte Notizen ein"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
-"schließt Zusammenführung von Notizen ab, in dem nicht zusammengeführte "
-"Notizen eingetragen werden"
+"schließt Merge von Notizen ab, in dem nicht zusammengeführte Notizen "
+"committet werden"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
-msgstr "bricht Konfliktauflösung bei Zusammenführung von Notizen ab"
+msgstr "bricht Konfliktauflösung beim Merge von Notizen ab"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
-msgstr "bricht Zusammenführung von Notizen ab"
+msgstr "bricht Merge von Notizen ab"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objekt %s hat keine Notiz\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr "der Versuch, eine nicht existierende Notiz zu löschen, ist kein Fehler"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr "liest Objektnamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr "Notiz-Referenz"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
-msgstr "benutzt Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz>"
+msgstr "verwendet Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Unbekanntes Unterkommando: %s"
@@ -6697,12 +7456,12 @@ msgstr "Fehler beim Komprimieren (%d)"
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
-msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Bereitstellungsversion %s"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Staging-Area-Version %s"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültige Bereitstellungsversion '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültige Staging-Area-Version '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
@@ -6774,12 +7533,12 @@ msgstr "verwendet existierende Objekte wieder"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
 msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
-msgstr "benutzt OFS_DELTA Objekte"
+msgstr "verwendet OFS_DELTA Objekte"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
 msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
 msgstr ""
-"benutzt Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Ãœbereinstimmungen bei "
+"verwendet Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Ãœbereinstimmungen bei "
 "Unterschieden"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
@@ -6788,7 +7547,7 @@ msgstr "erzeugt keine leeren Pakete"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
 msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
-msgstr "liest Argumente bezüglich Revisionen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+msgstr "liest Argumente bezüglich Commits von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
 msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
@@ -6801,8 +7560,7 @@ msgstr "schließt Objekte ein, die von jeder Referenz erreichbar sind"
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
 msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
 msgstr ""
-"schließt Objekte ein, die von Einträgen des Referenzprotokolls referenziert "
-"werden"
+"schließt Objekte ein, die von Einträgen des Reflogs referenziert werden"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
 msgid "output pack to stdout"
@@ -6810,8 +7568,7 @@ msgstr "schreibt Paket in die Standard-Ausgabe"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
 msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
-msgstr ""
-"schließt Markierungsobjekte ein, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
+msgstr "schließt Tag-Objekte ein, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
@@ -6839,7 +7596,7 @@ msgstr "Komprimierungsgrad für Paketierung"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
 msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
-msgstr "verbirgt keine Versionen mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\")"
+msgstr "verbirgt keine Commits mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\")"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
 msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
@@ -6859,7 +7616,7 @@ msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:12
 msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
-msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<Zweigspitze>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<head>...]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:132
 msgid "do not remove, show only"
@@ -6875,15 +7632,15 @@ msgstr "lässt Objekte älter als <Zeit> verfallen"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:14
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Projektarchiv> [<Referenzspezifikation>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
-msgstr "Kurzschrift für Markierung ohne <Markierung>"
+msgstr "Kurzschrift für Tag ohne <Tag>"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:64
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
-msgstr "--delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenz-Namen als Ziel"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenznamen als Ziel."
 
 #: builtin/push.c:99
 msgid ""
@@ -6908,19 +7665,19 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Der Name des externen Ãœbernahmezweiges stimmt nicht mit dem Namen deines\n"
-"aktuellen Zweiges überein. Um auf den Übernahmezweig in dem externen\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"Der Name des Upstream-Branches stimmt nicht mit dem Namen Ihres\n"
+"aktuellen Branches überein. Um auf den Upstream-Branch in dem Remote-\n"
+"Repository zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
 "\n"
-"Um auf den Zweig mit dem selben Namen in dem externen Projekarchiv\n"
-"zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"Um auf den Branch mit dem selben Namen im Remote-Repository zu versenden,\n"
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6929,13 +7686,13 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du befindest dich sich im Moment auf keinem Zweig.\n"
-"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (freistehende Zweigspitze (HEAD))\n"
-"Status zu versenden, benutze\n"
+"Sie befinden sich im Moment auf keinem Branch.\n"
+"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (losgelöster HEAD)\n"
+"Status zu versenden, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
-"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-externen-Zweiges>\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-Remote-Branches>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6943,29 +7700,30 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Der aktuelle Zweig %s hat keinen Zweig im externen Projektarchiv.\n"
-"Um den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden und das Fernarchiv als externes\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu verwenden, benutze\n"
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat keinen Upstream-Branch.\n"
+"Um den aktuellen Branch zu versenden und den Remote-Branch\n"
+"als Upstream-Branch zu setzen, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
-msgstr "Der aktuelle Zweig %s hat mehrere externe Zweige, Versand verweigert."
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat mehrere Upstream-Branches, \"push\" verweigert."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:142
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
 "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Du versendest nach '%s', welches kein externes Projektarchiv deines\n"
-"aktuellen Zweiges '%s' ist, ohne mir mitzuteilen, was ich versenden\n"
-"soll, um welchen externen Zweig zu aktualisieren."
+"Sie versenden nach '%s', welches kein Upstream-Repository Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches '%s' ist, ohne mir mitzuteilen, was ich versenden soll, um welchen\n"
+"Remote-Branch zu aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:165
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6985,42 +7743,43 @@ msgstr ""
 "'push.default' ist nicht gesetzt; der implizit gesetzte Wert\n"
 "wird in Git 2.0 von 'matching' nach 'simple' geändert. Um diese Meldung zu\n"
 "unterdrücken und das aktuelle Verhalten nach Änderung des Standardwertes\n"
-"beizubehalten, benutze:\n"
+"beizubehalten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
 "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
 "\n"
-"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu "
-"übernehmen,\n"
-"benutze:\n"
+"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu übernehmen, "
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
 "\n"
-"Führe 'git help config' aus und suche nach 'push.default' für weitere "
-"Informationen.\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git help config' aus und suchen Sie nach 'push.default' für "
+"weitere Informationen.\n"
 "(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutze den ähnlichen "
-"Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls du gelegentlich ältere Versionen von "
-"Git benutzt.)"
+"Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls Sie gelegentlich ältere Versionen "
+"von Git benutzen.)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:225
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast keine Referenzspezifikationen zum Versenden angegeben, und push."
-"default ist \"nothing\"."
+"Sie haben keine Refspec für \"push\" angegeben, und push.default ist "
+"\"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:232
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze deines aktuellen\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führe die\n"
-"externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führen Sie\n"
+"die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie \"push\"\n"
+"erneut ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:238
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -7028,43 +7787,79 @@ msgid ""
 "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn du nicht\n"
-"beabsichtigt hast, diesen Zweig zu versenden, kannst du auch den zu "
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn Sie "
+"nicht\n"
+"beabsichtigt haben, diesen Branch zu versenden, können Sie auch den zu "
 "versendenden\n"
-"Zweig spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
+"Branch spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
 "'simple', 'current'\n"
-"oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden."
+"oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Branch zu versenden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:244
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checke diesen\n"
-"Zweig aus und führe die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull')\n"
-"bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checken Sie\n"
+"diesen Branch aus und führen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammen\n"
+"(z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:250
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Remote-Repository Commits "
+"enthält,\n"
+"die lokal nicht vorhanden sind. Das wird üblicherweise durch einen \"push\" "
+"von\n"
+"Commits auf dieselbe Referenz von einem anderen Repository aus verursacht.\n"
+"Vielleicht müssen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammenzuführen (z.B. 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:257
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Tag bereits\n"
+"im Remote-Repository existiert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:260
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können keine Remote-Referenz aktualisieren, die auf ein Objekt zeigt,\n"
+"das kein Commit ist, oder es auf ein solches Objekt zeigen lassen, ohne\n"
+"die Option '--force' zu verwenden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Versende nach %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Versenden einiger Referenzen nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
-msgstr "ungültiges Projektarchiv '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiges Repository '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:358
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -7076,92 +7871,99 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Kein Ziel zum Versenden konfiguriert.\n"
-"Entweder spezifizierst du die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurierst "
-"ein externes Projektarchiv unter Benutzung von\n"
+"Kein Ziel für \"push\" konfiguriert.\n"
+"Entweder spezifizieren Sie die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurieren "
+"ein Remote-Repository unter Benutzung von\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <Name> <URL>\n"
 "\n"
-"und versendest dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens\n"
+"und führen \"push\" dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens aus\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push <Name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:373
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:374
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --all kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:379
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:380
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:385
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --mirror sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --mirror sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:445
 msgid "repository"
-msgstr "Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "Repository"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:446
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr "versendet alle Referenzen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:447
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr "spiegelt alle Referenzen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:449
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr "löscht Referenzen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
-msgstr ""
-"versendet Markierungen (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror benutzt werden)"
+msgstr "versendet Tags (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror verwendet werden)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "erzwingt Aktualisierung"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "check"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
-msgstr "steuert rekursives Versenden von Unterprojekten"
+msgstr "steuert rekursiven \"push\" von Submodulen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "use thin pack"
-msgstr "benutzt kleinere Pakete"
+msgstr "verwendet kleinere Pakete"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:458 builtin/push.c:459
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr "'receive pack' Programm"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
-msgstr "setzt externes Projektarchiv für \"git pull/status\""
+msgstr "setzt Upstream für \"git pull/status\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:463
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr "entfernt lokal gelöschte Referenzen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:465
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"pre-push hook\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "versendet fehlende, aber relevante Tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:476
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
-msgstr "--delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:478
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
-msgstr "--delete macht ohne irgendeine Referenz keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete kann nur mit Referenzen verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/read-tree.c:36
 msgid ""
@@ -7171,76 +7973,83 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<Prefix>] "
 "[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
-"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Versionsreferenz1> [<Versionsreferenz2> "
-"[<Versionsreferenz3>]])"
+"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Commit-Referenz1> [<Commit-Referenz2> "
+"[<Commit-Referenz3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
-msgstr "schreibt resultierende Bereitstellung nach <Datei>"
+msgstr "schreibt resultierende Staging-Area nach <Datei>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
-msgstr "leert die Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "leert die Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "Merge"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
-msgstr "führt eine Zusammenführung zusätzlich zum Lesen aus"
+msgstr "führt einen Merge zusätzlich zum Lesen aus"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
-msgstr ""
-"3-Wege-Zusammenführung, wenn keine Zusammenführung auf Dateiebene "
-"erforderlich ist"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge, wenn kein Merge auf Dateiebene erforderlich ist"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
-msgstr ""
-"3-Wege-Zusammenführung bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr "genau wie -m, verwirft aber nicht zusammengeführte Einträge"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "<Unterverzeichnis>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
-msgstr "liest den Baum in die Bereitstellung unter <Unterverzeichnis>/"
+msgstr "liest das Verzeichnis in die Staging-Area unter <Unterverzeichnis>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
-msgstr "aktualisiert Arbeitsbaum mit Ergebnis der Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Arbeitsverzeichnis mit dem Ergebnis des Merges"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr "erlaubt explizit ignorierte Dateien zu überschreiben"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
-msgstr "prüft nicht den Arbeitsbaum nach der Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "prüft nicht das Arbeitsverzeichnis nach dem Merge"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
-msgstr "aktualisiert weder die Bereitstellung, noch den Arbeitsbaum"
+msgstr "aktualisiert weder die Staging-Area, noch das Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr "überspringt Anwendung des Filters für spärliches Auschecken"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr "protokolliert Entpacken der Bäume"
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' für '%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:616 builtin/reflog.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
@@ -7250,7 +8059,7 @@ msgid ""
 "git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
 "mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
 msgstr ""
-"git remote add [-t <Zweig>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"git remote add [-t <Branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
 "mirror=<fetch|push>] <Name> <URL>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
@@ -7263,7 +8072,7 @@ msgstr "git remote remove <Name>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
 msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
-msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Branch>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
@@ -7277,12 +8086,11 @@ msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <Name>"
 msgid ""
 "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
 msgstr ""
-"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | "
-"<externesProjektarchiv>)...]"
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | <Remote>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:19
 msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Zweig>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Branch>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
 msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
@@ -7302,11 +8110,11 @@ msgstr "git remote add [<Optionen>] <Name> <URL>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
 msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Zweig>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Branch>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:48
 msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Zweig>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Branch>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:53
 msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
@@ -7318,7 +8126,7 @@ msgstr "git remote prune [<Optionen>] <Name>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:63
 msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
-msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesProjektarchiv>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesRepository>]..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
@@ -7331,7 +8139,7 @@ msgid ""
 "\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
 msgstr ""
 "--mirror ist gefährlich und veraltet; bitte\n"
-"\t benutze stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
+"\t benutzen Sie stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:147
 #, c-format
@@ -7340,11 +8148,11 @@ msgstr "unbekanntes Argument für Option --mirror: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:163
 msgid "fetch the remote branches"
-msgstr "fordert die externen Zweige an"
+msgstr "fordert die Remote-Branches an"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:165
 msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
-msgstr "importiert alle Markierungen und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern"
+msgstr "importiert alle Tags und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:168
 msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
@@ -7352,11 +8160,11 @@ msgstr "oder fordere gar keine Zweige an (--no-tags)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:170
 msgid "branch(es) to track"
-msgstr "Zweige zur Ãœbernahme"
+msgstr "Branch(es) zur Ãœbernahme"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "master branch"
-msgstr "Hauptzweig"
+msgstr "Hauptbranch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:172
 msgid "push|fetch"
@@ -7365,32 +8173,35 @@ msgstr "push|fetch"
 #: builtin/remote.c:173
 msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
 msgstr ""
-"Aufsetzen des Fernarchivs als Spiegelarchiv zum Versenden und Anfordern"
+"Aufsetzen des Remote-Repositories als Spiegel-Repository für \"push\" und "
+"\"fetch\""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
-msgstr "Angabe eines Hauptzweiges macht mit --mirror keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit der Angabe eines Hauptbranches verwendet "
+"werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
 msgstr ""
-"die Angabe von zu folgenden Zweigen macht nur mit dem Anfordern von "
-"Spiegelarchiven Sinn"
+"Die Angabe von zu folgenden Branches kann nur mit dem Anfordern von "
+"Spiegelarchiven verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote %s already exists."
-msgstr "externes Projektarchiv %s existiert bereits"
+msgstr "externes Repository %s existiert bereits"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
-msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein externes Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein Remote-Repository"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptzweig von '%s' nicht einrichten"
+msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptbranch von '%s' nicht einrichten"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:299
 #, c-format
@@ -7400,7 +8211,7 @@ msgstr "mehr als ein %s"
 #: builtin/remote.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Abholungszuordnung für Referenzspezifikation %s nicht bekommen"
+msgstr "Konnte Fetch-Map für Refspec %s nicht bekommen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
@@ -7418,7 +8229,7 @@ msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht an '%s' anhängen."
 #: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote: %s"
-msgstr "Kein solches externes Archiv: %s"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:656
 #, c-format
@@ -7437,10 +8248,9 @@ msgid ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Referenzspezifikation zum "
-"Abholen\n"
+"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Refspec für \"fetch\"\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"\tBitte aktualisiere, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
+"\tBitte aktualisieren Sie, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:683
 #, c-format
@@ -7465,7 +8275,7 @@ msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
 #: builtin/remote.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Zweig %s nicht löschen"
+msgstr "Konnte Branch %s nicht löschen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:834
 msgid ""
@@ -7475,18 +8285,18 @@ msgid_plural ""
 "Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
 "to delete them, use:"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Hinweis: Ein Zweig außerhalb der /refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
+"Hinweis: Ein Branch außerhalb der refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
 "gelöscht;\n"
-"um diesen zu löschen, benutze:"
+"um diesen zu löschen, benutzen Sie:"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Hinweis: Einige Zweige außer der /refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
+"Hinweis: Einige Branches außer der refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
 "entfernt;\n"
-"um diese zu entfernen, benutze:"
+"um diese zu entfernen, benutzen Sie:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:943
 #, c-format
 msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
-msgstr " neu (wird bei nächster Abholung in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
+msgstr " neu (wird bei nächstem \"fetch\" in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:946
 msgid " tracked"
@@ -7494,7 +8304,7 @@ msgstr " gefolgt"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:948
 msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
-msgstr " veraltet (benutze 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
+msgstr " veraltet (benutzen Sie 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:950
 msgid " ???"
@@ -7503,30 +8313,30 @@ msgstr " ???"
 #: builtin/remote.c:991
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
-msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann nicht auf > 1 Zweig neu aufbauen"
+msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann Rebase nicht auf > 1 Branch ausführen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:998
 #, c-format
 msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
-msgstr "baut neu auf externen Zweig %s auf"
+msgstr "Rebase auf Remote-Branch %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1001
 #, c-format
 msgid " merges with remote %s"
-msgstr " führt mit externem Zweig %s zusammen"
+msgstr " führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1002
 msgid "    and with remote"
-msgstr "    und mit externem Zweig"
+msgstr "    und mit Remote-Branch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1004
 #, c-format
 msgid "merges with remote %s"
-msgstr "führt mit externem Zweig %s zusammen"
+msgstr "führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1005
 msgid "   and with remote"
-msgstr "   und mit externem Zweig"
+msgstr "   und mit Remote-Branch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1051
 msgid "create"
@@ -7570,12 +8380,12 @@ msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1091
 msgid "do not query remotes"
-msgstr "keine Abfrage von Fernarchiven"
+msgstr "keine Abfrage von Remote-Repositories"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
-msgstr "* externes Projektarchiv %s"
+msgstr "* Remote-Repository %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1119
 #, c-format
@@ -7594,22 +8404,22 @@ msgstr "  URL zum Versenden: %s"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
-msgstr "  Hauptzweig: %s"
+msgstr "  Hauptbranch: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1139
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  Hauptzweig (externer Hauptzweig ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
+"  Hauptbranch (externer HEAD ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
 "sein):\n"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
 msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
-msgstr[0] "  externer Zweig:%s"
-msgstr[1] "  externe Zweige:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Remote-Branch:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Remote-Branches:%s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
 msgid " (status not queried)"
@@ -7618,8 +8428,8 @@ msgstr " (Zustand nicht abgefragt)"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1163
 msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
 msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
-msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Zweig konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
-msgstr[1] "  Lokale Zweige konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Branch konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Branches konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1171
 msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
@@ -7634,7 +8444,7 @@ msgstr[1] "  Lokale Referenzen konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1199
 msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
-msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Fernarchiv"
+msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Remote-Repository"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1201
 msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
@@ -7642,12 +8452,12 @@ msgstr "entfernt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
-msgstr "Kann Hauptzweig des externen Projektarchivs nicht bestimmen"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD des Remote-Repositories nicht bestimmen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1218
 msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
 msgstr ""
-"Mehrere Hauptzweige im externen Projektarchiv. Bitte wähle explizit einen "
+"Mehrere Hauptbranches im Remote-Repository. Bitte wählen Sie explizit einen "
 "aus mit:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1228
@@ -7678,7 +8488,7 @@ msgstr " %s wurde unreferenziert!"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pruning %s"
-msgstr "entferne veraltete Zweige von %s"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches von %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1282
 #, c-format
@@ -7688,33 +8498,33 @@ msgstr "URL: %s"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [would prune] %s"
-msgstr " * [würde veralteten Zweig entfernen] %s"
+msgstr " * [würde veralteten Branch entfernen] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1298
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
-msgstr "* [veralteten Zweig entfernt] %s"
+msgstr "* [veralteten Branch entfernt] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1321
 msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
-msgstr "entfernt veraltete Zweige im Fernarchiv nach dem Abholen"
+msgstr "entfernt veraltete Branches im Remote-Repository nach \"fetch\""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein solches externes Projektarchiv '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1407
 msgid "add branch"
-msgstr "fügt Zweig hinzu"
+msgstr "fügt Branch hinzu"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
-msgstr "kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben"
+msgstr "kein Remote-Repository angegeben"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1436
 msgid "manipulate push URLs"
-msgstr "manipuliert URLs zum Versenden"
+msgstr "manipuliert URLs für \"push\""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1438
 msgid "add URL"
@@ -7726,7 +8536,8 @@ msgstr "löscht URLs"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
-msgstr "--add --delete macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --add und --delete können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1487
 #, c-format
@@ -7740,7 +8551,7 @@ msgstr "Keine solche URL gefunden: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1497
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
-msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für den Versand bestimmt sind"
+msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für \"push\" bestimmt sind"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1569
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
@@ -7776,21 +8587,21 @@ msgstr "git rerere [clean | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 
 #: builtin/rerere.c:56
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
-msgstr "registriert saubere Auflösungen in der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "registriert saubere Auflösungen in der Staging-Area"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
 msgstr ""
-"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Version>]"
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Commit>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git reset [-q] <Version> [--] <Pfade>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <Commit-Referenz> [--] <Pfade>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr "git reset --patch [<Version>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<Commit-Referenz>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7812,105 +8623,110 @@ msgstr "zusammenführen"
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "keep"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Sie haben keinen gültigen HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes von %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei %s"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann keine '%s' Zurücksetzung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
-"Gange ist."
+msgstr "Kann keinen '%s'-Reset durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr "weniger Ausgaben, meldet nur Fehler"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:253
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
-msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD) und Bereitstellung zurück"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD und Staging-Area um"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:254
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
-msgstr "setzt nur Zweigspitze (HEAD) zurück"
+msgstr "setzt nur HEAD um"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:256 builtin/reset.c:258
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
-msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD), Bereitstellung und Arbeitsbaum zurück"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD, Staging-Area und Arbeitsverzeichnis um"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:260
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
-msgstr "setzt Zweigspitze (HEAD) zurück, behält aber lokale Änderungen"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD um, behält aber lokale Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültigen Commit auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültiges \"Tree\"-Objekt auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:295
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:304
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutze stattdessen 'git reset -- <Pfade>'."
+"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git reset -- "
+"<Pfade>'."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
-msgstr "Eine '%s' Zurücksetzung mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Ein '%s'-Reset mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
-msgstr "'%s' Zurücksetzung ist in einem bloßen Projektarchiv nicht erlaubt"
+msgstr "'%s'-Reset ist in einem Bare-Repository nicht erlaubt"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht zu Version '%s' zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht zu Commit '%s' setzen."
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:342
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [Optionen] -- [<Argumente>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
 msgstr "lässt `--` als Argument"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr "stoppt das Parsen nach dem ersten Argument was keine Option ist"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7922,199 +8738,225 @@ msgstr ""
 "   oder: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<Argumente>...]\n"
 "   oder: git rev-parse [Optionen] [<Argumente>...]\n"
 "\n"
-"Führe \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei erster "
-"Verwendung aus."
+"Führen Sie \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei "
+"erster Verwendung aus."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git revert [options] <Versionsangabe>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [Optionen] <Commit-Angabe>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git revert <Unterkommando>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git cherry-pick [Optionen] <Versionsangabe>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [Optionen] <Commit-Angabe>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git cherry-pick <Unterkommando>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71 builtin/revert.c:94
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s benutzt werden"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "beendet \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "setzt \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf fort"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "bricht \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf ab"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
-msgstr "trägt nicht automatisch ein"
+msgstr "committet nicht automatisch"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:109
 msgid "edit the commit message"
-msgstr "Bearbeitung der Versionsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Commit-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr "Nummer des Elternteils"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "merge strategy"
-msgstr "Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+msgstr "Merge-Strategie"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:115
 msgid "option"
 msgstr "Option"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:116
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
-msgstr "Option für Zusammenführungsstrategie"
+msgstr "Option für Merge-Strategie"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
 msgid "append commit name"
-msgstr "hängt Versionsnamen an"
+msgstr "hängt Commit-Namen an"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
-msgstr "erhält ursprüngliche, leere Versionen"
+msgstr "erhält ursprüngliche, leere Commits"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:130
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
-msgstr "erlaubt Version mit leerer Beschreibung"
+msgstr "erlaubt Commits mit leerer Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
-msgstr "behält redundante, leere Versionen"
+msgstr "behält redundante, leere Commits"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:135
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "Programmfehler"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:225
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:240
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:15
+#: builtin/rm.c:16
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr "git rm [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:64
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"das folgende Submodul (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzt ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Submodule (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzen ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:70
 msgid ""
-"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"\n"
 "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"Unterprojekt '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Unterprojekt hiervon) verwendet\n"
-"ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutze 'rm -rf' wenn du dieses wirklich mitsamt\n"
-"seiner Historie löschen möchtest)"
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:174
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat bereitgestellten Inhalt unterschiedlich zu der Datei und der\n"
-"Zweigspitze (HEAD) (benutze -f um die Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen "
+"unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:180
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat Änderungen in der Bereitstellung\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie -f um die Löschung zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:191
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat lokale Modifikationen\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat lokale Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben lokale Änderungen:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:207
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr "listet keine gelöschten Dateien auf"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:208
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "only remove from the index"
-msgstr "entfernt nur aus der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "entfernt nur aus der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:209
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr "überschreibt die \"up-to-date\" Prüfung"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:210
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr "erlaubt rekursive Entfernung"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:212
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn keine Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:283
+#: builtin/rm.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "'%s' wird nicht ohne -r rekursiv entfernt"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:322
+#: builtin/rm.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht löschen"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr ""
-"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
-"[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<Optionen>] [Commitbereich] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "fehlender Autor: %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:228
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
-msgstr "sortiert die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Versionen pro Autor"
+msgstr "sortiert die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Commits pro Autor"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
-msgstr "Unterdrückt Versionsbeschreibungen, liefert nur Anzahl der Versionen"
+msgstr "Unterdrückt Commit-Beschreibungen, liefert nur Anzahl der Commits"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr "Zeigt die Email-Adresse von jedem Autor"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr "Ausgabe mit Zeilenumbrüchen"
 
@@ -8127,78 +8969,76 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
 "current] [--color[=<Wann>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
-"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] "
-"[(<Revision> | <glob>)...]"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<Commit> "
+"| <glob>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:10
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<Basis>]] [--list] [<Referenz>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr "zeigt externe Ãœbernahmezweige und lokale Zweige an"
+msgstr "zeigt Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches an"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "zeigt externe Ãœbernahmezweige an"
+msgstr "zeigt Remote-Tracking-Branches an"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
-msgstr "färbt '*!+-' entsprechend des Zweiges ein"
+msgstr "färbt '*!+-' entsprechend des Branches ein"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
-msgstr "zeigt <n> weitere Versionen nach dem gemeinsamen Vorfahren"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> weitere Commits nach dem gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr "Synonym für more=-1"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr "unterdrückt Namen"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
-msgstr "bezieht den aktuellen Zweig ein"
+msgstr "bezieht den aktuellen Branch ein"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
-msgstr "benennt Versionen nach ihren Objektnamen"
+msgstr "benennt Commits nach ihren Objektnamen"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
-msgstr "zeigt mögliche Basen für Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "zeigt mögliche Merge-Basen an"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr "zeigt Referenzen die unerreichbar von allen anderen Referenzen sind"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
-msgstr "zeigt Versionen in topologischer Ordnung"
+msgstr "zeigt Commits in topologischer Ordnung"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:672
 msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
-msgstr "zeigt nur Versionen, die sich nicht im ersten Zweig befinden"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Commits, die sich nicht im ersten Branch befinden"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:674
 msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
-msgstr ""
-"zeigt Zusammenführungen, die nur von einer Zweigspitze aus erreichbar sind"
+msgstr "zeigt Merges, die nur von einem Branch aus erreichbar sind"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr "zeigt Versionen, wo kein Elternteil vor seinem Kind kommt"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "topologische Sortierung, Beibehaltung Datumsordnung wo möglich"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr "<n>[,<Basis>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
-msgstr ""
-"zeigt die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Referenzprotokoll beginnend an der Basis"
+msgstr "zeigt die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Reflog beginnend an der Basis"
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
@@ -8212,40 +9052,40 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=Muster] < ref-list"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
-msgstr "zeigt nur Markierungen (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Tags (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
-msgstr "zeigt nur Zweigspitzen (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Branches (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr "strengere Referenzprüfung, erfordert exakten Referenzpfad"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr "zeigt Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "zeigt die HEAD-Referenz, selbst wenn diese ausgefiltert werden würde"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:178
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
-msgstr "dereferenziert Markierungen in Objekt-Identifikationen"
+msgstr "dereferenziert Tags in Objekt-Identifikationen"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr "zeigt nur SHA1 Hash mit <n> Ziffern"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr ""
 "keine Ausgabe der Ergebnisse in die Standard-Ausgabe (nützlich mit --verify)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe, die sich nicht im lokalen "
-"Projektarchiv befinden, an"
+"Repository befinden, an"
 
 #: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
@@ -8280,24 +9120,24 @@ msgstr "Grund für die Aktualisierung"
 msgid ""
 "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
 msgstr ""
-"git tag [-a|-s|-u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Nachricht>|-F <Datei>] "
-"<Markierungsname> [<Zweig>]"
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Nachricht>|-F <Datei>] <Tagname> "
+"[<Commit>]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:23
 msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
-msgstr "git tag -d <Markierungsname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <Tagname>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:24
 msgid ""
 "git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
 "\t\t[<pattern>...]"
 msgstr ""
-"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Version>] [--points-at <Objekt>] \n"
+"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Commit>] [--points-at <Objekt>] \n"
 "\t\t[<Muster>...]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:26
 msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
-msgstr "git tag -v <Markierungsname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <Tagname>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
@@ -8307,191 +9147,185 @@ msgstr "fehlerhaftes Objekt bei '%s'"
 #: builtin/tag.c:207
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
-msgstr "Markierungsname zu lang: %.*s..."
+msgstr "Tagname zu lang: %.*s..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' nicht gefunden."
+msgstr "Tag '%s' nicht gefunden."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Gelöschte Markierung '%s' (war %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' gelöscht (war %s)\n"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Markierung '%s' nicht verifizieren"
+msgstr "Konnte Tag '%s' nicht verifizieren"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Tag-Beschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden behalten; du darfst diese\n"
-"# selbst entfernen wenn du möchtest.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Tag-Beschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden behalten; Sie dürfen diese\n"
+"selbst entfernen wenn Sie möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
-msgstr "konnte Markierung nicht signieren"
+msgstr "konnte Tag nicht signieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
-msgstr "konnte Markierungsdatei nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "konnte Tag-Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "ungültiger Objekt-Typ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
-msgstr "Markierungskopf zu groß."
+msgstr "Tag-Kopf zu groß."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
-msgstr "keine Markierungsbeschreibung?"
+msgstr "keine Tag-Beschreibung?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
-msgstr "Die Markierungsbeschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
+msgstr "Die Tag-Beschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "Option 'points-at' erfordert ein Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Objekt-Name '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
-msgstr "listet Markierungsnamen auf"
+msgstr "listet Tagnamen auf"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
-msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen jeder Markierungsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen jeder Tag-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
-msgstr "löscht Markierungen"
+msgstr "löscht Tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
-msgstr "überprüft Markierungen"
+msgstr "überprüft Tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
-msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Markierungen"
+msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
-msgstr "annotierte Markierung, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
-msgstr "Markierungsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Tag-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
-msgstr "annotierte und GPG-signierte Markierung"
+msgstr "annotiertes und GPG-signiertes Tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
-msgstr "benutzt einen anderen Schlüssel um die Markierung zu signieren"
+msgstr "verwendet einen anderen Schlüssel um das Tag zu signieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
-msgstr "ersetzt die Markierung, wenn sie existiert"
+msgstr "ersetzt das Tag, wenn es existiert"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
-msgstr "zeigt Liste der Markierungen in Spalten"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste der Tags in Spalten"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
-msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Markierungen"
+msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
-msgstr "gibt nur Markierungen aus, die diese Version beinhalten"
+msgstr "gibt nur Tags aus, die diesen Commit beinhalten"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
-msgstr "gibt nur Markierungen von dem Objekt aus"
+msgstr "gibt nur Tags von dem Objekt aus"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column und -n sind inkompatibel"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "-n Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--contains Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--points-at Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "nur eine -F oder -m Option ist erlaubt."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
-msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Markierungsname."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Tagname."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' existiert bereits"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' existiert bereits"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht sperren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Aktualisierte Markierung '%s' (war %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aktualisiert (war %s)\n"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:401
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
@@ -8500,12 +9334,12 @@ msgstr "git update-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
 #: builtin/update-index.c:718
 msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn die Bereitstellung aktualisiert werden "
+"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn die Staging-Area aktualisiert werden "
 "muss"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:721
 msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
-msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Unterprojekte"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Submodule"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:724
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
@@ -8517,12 +9351,12 @@ msgstr "lässt Dateien Verzeichnisse ersetzen, und umgedreht"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
-msgstr "beachtet fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsbaum"
+msgstr "beachtet fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
 msgstr ""
-"aktualisiert, auch wenn die Bereitstellung nicht zusammengeführte Einträge "
+"aktualisiert, auch wenn die Staging-Area nicht zusammengeführte Einträge "
 "beinhaltet"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:733
@@ -8539,7 +9373,7 @@ msgstr "<Modus> <Objekt> <Pfad>"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:742
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
-msgstr "stellt den angegebenen Eintrag zur Eintragung bereit"
+msgstr "merkt den angegebenen Eintrag zum Commit vor"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:746
 msgid "(+/-)x"
@@ -8568,12 +9402,13 @@ msgstr "löscht \"skip-worktree\"-Bit"
 #: builtin/update-index.c:763
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
 msgstr ""
-"fügt nur der Bereitstellung hinzu; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-Datenbank "
-"hinzugefügt"
+"merkt die Änderungen nur zum Commit vor; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-"
+"Datenbank hinzugefügt"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
-msgstr "löscht benannte Pfade, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsbaum befinden"
+msgstr ""
+"löscht benannte Pfade, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsverzeichnis befinden"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
@@ -8585,7 +9420,7 @@ msgstr "liest Liste der zu aktualisierenden Pfade von der Standard-Eingabe"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:773
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
-msgstr "fügt Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe der Bereitstellung hinzu"
+msgstr "merkt Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe zum Commit vor"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:777
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
@@ -8594,12 +9429,11 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:781
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-"aktualisiert nur Einträge, die unterschiedlich zur Zweigspitze (HEAD) sind"
+msgstr "aktualisiert nur Einträge, die unterschiedlich zu HEAD sind"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:785
 msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
-msgstr "ignoriert fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsbaum"
+msgstr "ignoriert fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:788
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
@@ -8611,7 +9445,7 @@ msgstr "(für Fremdprogramme) keine gespeicherten, nicht aufgelöste Konflikte"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:794
 msgid "write index in this format"
-msgstr "schreibt Bereitstellungsdatei in diesem Format"
+msgstr "schreibt Staging-Area-Datei in diesem Format"
 
 #: builtin/update-ref.c:7
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
@@ -8651,11 +9485,11 @@ msgstr "zeigt nur Statistiken"
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
 msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
-msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <Markierung>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <Tag>..."
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
 msgid "print tag contents"
-msgstr "gibt Markierungsinhalte aus"
+msgstr "gibt Tag-Inhalte aus"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:13
 msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
@@ -8667,37 +9501,46 @@ msgstr "<Prefix>/"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:27
 msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
-msgstr "schreibt das Baumobjekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Prefix>"
+msgstr "schreibt das \"Tree\"-Objekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Prefix>"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:30
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr "nur nützlich für Fehlersuche"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
-"Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem spezifischen "
-"Kommando"
+"'git help -a' und 'git help -g' listet verfügbare Unterkommandos und\n"
+"einige Anleitungen zu Git-Konzepten auf. Benutzen Sie 'git help <Kommando>'\n"
+"oder 'git help <Konzept>' um mehr über ein spezifisches Kommando oder\n"
+"Konzept zu erfahren."
+
+#: parse-options.h:144
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "Verfallsdatum"
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:159
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "Kein Effekt (Rückwärtskompatibilität)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:236
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:244
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "benutze <n> Ziffern zur Anzeige von SHA-1s"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:8
 msgid "Add file contents to the index"
-msgstr "stellt Dateiinhalte zur Eintragung bereit"
+msgstr "merkt Dateiinhalte zum Commit vor"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:9
 msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
@@ -8706,40 +9549,41 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:10
 msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
-msgstr "Zeigt an, erstellt oder entfernt Zweige"
+msgstr "Zeigt an, erstellt oder entfernt Branches"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:11
 msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
-msgstr "Checkt Zweige oder Pfade im Arbeitszweig aus"
+msgstr "Checkt Branches oder Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis aus"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:12
 msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
-msgstr "Klont ein Projektarchiv in einem neuen Verzeichnis"
+msgstr "Klont ein Repository in einem neuen Verzeichnis"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:13
 msgid "Record changes to the repository"
-msgstr "Trägt Änderungen in das Projektarchiv ein"
+msgstr "Trägt Änderungen in das Repository ein"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:14
 msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
-msgstr "Zeigt Änderungen zwischen Versionen, Version und Arbeitszweig, etc. an"
+msgstr ""
+"Zeigt Änderungen zwischen Commits, Commit und Arbeitsverzeichnis, etc. an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:15
 msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
-msgstr "Lädt Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Projektarchiv herunter"
+msgstr "Lädt Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Repository herunter"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:16
 msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "Stellt Zeilen dar, die einem Muster entsprechen"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
-"Erstellt ein leeres Git-Projektarchiv oder initialisiert ein bestehendes neu"
+"Erstellt ein leeres Git-Repository oder initialisiert ein bestehendes neu"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
-msgstr "Zeigt Versionshistorie an"
+msgstr "Zeigt Commit-Historie an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:19
 msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
@@ -8748,31 +9592,30 @@ msgstr "Führt zwei oder mehr Entwicklungszweige zusammen"
 #: common-cmds.h:20
 msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
 msgstr ""
-"Verschiebt oder benennt eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder eine symbolische "
-"Verknüpfung um"
+"Verschiebt oder benennt eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder einen symbolischen "
+"Verweis um"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
 msgstr ""
-"Fordert Objekte von einem externen Projektarchiv an und führt sie mit einem "
-"anderen Projektarchiv oder einem lokalen Zweig zusammen"
+"Fordert Objekte von einem externen Repository an und führt sie mit einem "
+"anderen Repository oder einem lokalen Branch zusammen"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
-msgstr "Aktualisiert externe Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten"
+msgstr "Aktualisiert Remote-Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:23
 msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
-msgstr "Baut lokale Versionen auf einem aktuellerem externen Zweig neu auf"
+msgstr "Baut lokale Commits auf einem aktuellerem Upstream-Branch neu auf"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
-msgstr ""
-"Setzt die aktuelle Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu einem spezifizierten Zustand zurück"
+msgstr "Setzt aktuellen HEAD zu einem spezifizierten Zustand"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:25
 msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
-msgstr "Löscht Dateien im Arbeitszweig und von der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "Löscht Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis und von der Staging-Area"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:26
 msgid "Show various types of objects"
@@ -8780,55 +9623,53 @@ msgstr "Zeigt verschiedene Arten von Objekten an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:27
 msgid "Show the working tree status"
-msgstr "Zeigt den Zustand des Arbeitszweiges an"
+msgstr "Zeigt den Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:28
 msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
 msgstr ""
-"Erzeugt, listet auf, löscht oder verifiziert ein mit GPG signiertes "
-"Markierungsobjekt"
+"Erzeugt, listet auf, löscht oder verifiziert ein mit GPG signiertes Tag-"
+"Objekt"
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst die Informationen des Eintragenden setzen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Informationen zum Commit-Ersteller setzen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:95
 msgid ""
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
 msgstr ""
-"Du scheinst seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' die Zweigspitze (HEAD)\n"
-"geändert zu haben.\n"
+"Sie scheinen seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' HEAD geändert zu haben.\n"
 "Keine Zurücksetzung zu ORIG_HEAD."
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du das Problem gelöst hast, führe \"$cmdline --resolved\" aus.\n"
-"Falls du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"$cmdline --skip"
-"\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
-"Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"Wenn Sie das Problem gelöst haben, führen Sie \"$cmdline --continue\" aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der\n"
+"Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
 msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
-msgstr "Kann nicht zu 3-Wege-Zusammenführung zurückfallen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht zu 3-Wege-Merge zurückfallen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Dem Projektarchiv fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf eine 3-Wege-Zusammenführung "
+"Dem Repository fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf einen 3-Wege-Merge "
 "zurückzufallen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:139
 msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
 msgstr ""
-"Verwende Informationen aus der Bereitstellung um einen Basisbaum "
+"Verwende Informationen aus der Staging-Area um einen Basisverzeichnis "
 "nachzustellen"
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
@@ -8836,16 +9677,16 @@ msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
-"Hast du den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
+"Haben Sie den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
 "Er kann nicht auf die Blobs in seiner 'index' Zeile angewendet werden."
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
-msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und der 3-Wege-Zusammenführung..."
+msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und des 3-Wege-Merges..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:179
 msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
-msgstr "Zusammenführung der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Merge der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
 
 #: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
@@ -8868,28 +9709,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "Die -b/--binary Option hat seit Langem keinen Effekt und wird\n"
 "entfernt. Bitte nicht mehr verwenden."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
-"Vorheriges Verzeichnis des Neuaufbaus $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox "
-"gegeben."
+"Vorheriges Rebase-Verzeichnis $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox gegeben."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
-msgstr "Bitte werde dir klar. --skip oder --abort?"
+msgstr "Bitte werden Sie sich klar. --skip oder --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Stray $dotest Verzeichnis gefunden.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\" um es zu entfernen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Es ist keine Auflösung im Gange, es wird nicht fortgesetzt."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
-msgstr ""
-"Unsaubere Bereitstellung: kann Patches nicht anwenden (unsauber: $files)"
+msgstr "Geänderte Staging-Area: kann Patches nicht anwenden (geändert: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8897,67 +9745,67 @@ msgid ""
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Patch ist leer. Wurde er falsch aufgeteilt?\n"
-"Wenn du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"$cmdline --skip"
-"\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+"Wenn Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
 "Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige Email-Adresse."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann nicht interaktiv sein, ohne dass die Standard-Eingabe mit einem "
 "Terminal verbunden ist."
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
-msgstr "Beschreibung der Eintragung ist:"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung ist:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "Anwenden? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Wende an: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Änderungen - hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
-"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Bereitstellen vorhanden sind, könnten\n"
-"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; du könntest diesen Patch\n"
+"Keine Änderungen - haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
+"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Commit vorzumerken sind, könnten\n"
+"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; Sie könnten diesen Patch\n"
 "auslassen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Bereitstellung.\n"
-"Hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
+"Sie haben immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Staging-Area.\n"
+"Haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen -- Patches bereits angewendet."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
@@ -8966,20 +9814,20 @@ msgstr ""
 "Die Kopie des fehlgeschlagenen Patches befindet sich in:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "wende zu leerer Historie an"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:48
 msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
-msgstr "Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:54
 msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Willst du, dass ich es für dich mache [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Wollen Sie, dass ich es für Sie mache [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
@@ -8989,27 +9837,27 @@ msgstr "nicht erkannte Option: '$arg'"
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "'$arg' scheint keine gültige Version zu sein"
+msgstr "'$arg' scheint kein gültiger Commit zu sein"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
-msgstr "Ungültige Zweigspitze (HEAD) - Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird benötigt"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - HEAD wird benötigt"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:130
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuche 'git bisect reset "
-"<gueltigerzweig>'."
+"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset "
+"<gueltigerbranch>'."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
 msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
-msgstr "\"bisect\" auf gesuchtem Zweig nicht möglich"
+msgstr "binäre Suche auf gesuchtem Branch nicht möglich"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:144
 msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
-msgstr "Ungültige Zweigspitze (HEAD) - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:189
 #, sh-format
@@ -9023,7 +9871,7 @@ msgstr "Ungültige Referenz-Eingabe: $arg"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
-msgstr "Bitte rufe 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
+msgstr "Bitte rufen Sie 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:244
 #, sh-format
@@ -9038,22 +9886,23 @@ msgstr "'git bisect bad' kann nur ein Argument entgegennehmen."
 #. this is less optimum.
 #: git-bisect.sh:273
 msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
-msgstr "Warnung: halbiere nur mit einer fehlerhaften Version"
+msgstr "Warnung: binäre Suche nur mit einem fehlerhaften Commit"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:279
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Bist du sicher [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sind Sie sicher [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:289
 msgid ""
 "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"Sie müssen mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
+"angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:292
 msgid ""
@@ -9061,72 +9910,72 @@ msgid ""
 "You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
-"Danach musst du mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version "
+"Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
+"Danach müssen Sie mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
 "angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
-msgstr "Wir sind nicht beim Halbieren."
+msgstr "keine binäre Suche im Gange"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
-msgstr "'$invalid' ist keine gültige Version"
+msgstr "'$invalid' ist kein gültiger Commit"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Konnte die ursprüngliche Zweigspitze (HEAD) '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
-"Versuche 'git bisect reset <Version>'."
+"Konnte den ursprünglichen HEAD '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset <Commit>'."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Keine Log-Datei gegeben"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kann $file nicht für das Abspielen lesen"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
-msgstr "?? Was redest du da?"
+msgstr "?? Was reden Sie da?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "führe $command aus"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "Rückkehrwert $res von '$command' ist < 0 oder >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
-msgstr "Ausführung der Halbierung kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
+msgstr "'bisect run' kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' wurde mit Fehlerwert $res beendet"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
-msgstr "Halbierung erfolgreich ausgeführt"
+msgstr "'bisect run' erfolgreich ausgeführt"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
@@ -9134,96 +9983,117 @@ msgid ""
 "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
 "as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast.\n"
-"Bitte korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
-"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben.\n"
+"Bitte korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis und benutzen Sie dann \n"
+"'git add/rm <Datei>' um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder\n"
+"benutzen Sie 'git commit -a'."
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisiere eine ungeborenen Zweig mit Änderungen, die zur Bereitstellung "
-"hinzugefügt wurden"
+"Aktualisiere einen ungeborenen Branch mit Änderungen, die zum Commit "
+"vorgemerkt sind"
 
 #. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:229
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
 "Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
-"Warnung: Die Anforderung aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Zweiges.\n"
-"Warnung: Spule deinen Arbeitszweig von Version $orig_head vor."
+"Warnung: \"fetch\" aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Branches.\n"
+"Warnung: Spule Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis von Commit $orig_head vor."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:254
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Zweige in einen ungeborenen Zweig zusammenführen"
+msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Branches in einen ungeborenen Branch zusammenführen"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:258
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
-msgstr "kann nicht auf mehrere Zweige neu aufbauen"
+msgstr "kann Rebase nicht auf mehrere Branches ausführen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
 "\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du das Problem aufgelöst hast, führe \"git rebase --continue\" aus.\n"
-"Falls du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"git rebase --"
-"skip\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und den Neuaufbau "
-"abzubrechen,\n"
-"führe \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"git "
+"rebase --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und den Rebase abzubrechen,\n"
+"führen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "\"autostash\" angewendet."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kann $stash_sha1 nicht speichern."
 
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Anwendung von \"autostash\" resultierte in Konflikten.\n"
+"Ihre Änderungen sind im Stash sicher.\n"
+"Sie können jederzeit \"git stash pop\" oder \"git stash drop\" ausführen.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:190
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
-msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Neuaufbau zurückgewiesen."
+msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Rebase zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:195
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
-msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann nicht neu aufbauen."
+msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann Rebase nicht durchführen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:329
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
-msgstr "Die --exec Option muss mit der --interactive Option benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --exec muss mit --interactive verwendet werden."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:334
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
-msgstr "Kein Neuaufbau im Gange?"
+msgstr "Kein Rebase im Gange?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:345
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
-msgstr "Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven "
-"Neuaufbaus benutzt werden."
+msgstr ""
+"Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven Rebase verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:352
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
-msgstr "Kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD nicht lesen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:355
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst alle Zusammenführungskonflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
+"Sie müssen alle Merge-Konflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
 "mittels \"git add\" als aufgelöst markieren"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht zu $head_name zurückgehen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:392
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9236,67 +10106,76 @@ msgid ""
 "valuable there."
 msgstr ""
 "Es sieht so aus, als ob es das Verzeichnis $state_dir_base bereits gibt\n"
-"und es könnte ein anderer Neuaufbau im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
-"probiere bitte\n"
+"und es könnte ein anderer Rebase im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
+"probieren Sie bitte\n"
 "\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
-"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probiere bitte\n"
+"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probieren Sie bitte\n"
 "\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
-"und führe dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
+"und führen Sie dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
 "etwas Schützenswertes vorhanden ist."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:437
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
-msgstr "ungültiger Übernahmezweig $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ungültiger Upstream-Branch $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:461
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
-msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Merge-Basis"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:464 git-rebase.sh:468
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
-msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Merge-Basis"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:473
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
-msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keine gültige Version"
+msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keinen gültigen Commit"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
-msgstr "fatal: Zweig $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+msgstr "fatal: Branch $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:519
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kann \"autostash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "\"autostash\" erzeugt: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
-msgstr "Bitte trage die Änderungen ein oder benutze \"stash\"."
+msgstr "Bitte committen Sie die Änderungen oder benutzen Sie \"stash\"."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:548
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
-msgstr "Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand."
+msgstr "Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:552
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr ""
-"Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand, Neuaufbau erzwungen."
+"Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand, Rebase erzwungen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Änderungen von $mb zu $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
-"Zunächst wird die Zweigspitze zurückgespult, um deine Änderungen\n"
+"Zunächst wird der Branch zurückgespult, um Ihre Änderungen\n"
 "darauf neu anzuwenden..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:582
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "$branch_name zu $onto_name vorgespult."
@@ -9307,15 +10186,15 @@ msgstr "git stash clear mit Parametern ist nicht implementiert"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:74
 msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
-msgstr "Du hast bisher noch keine initiale Version"
+msgstr "Sie haben bisher noch keinen initialen Commit"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:89
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
-msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand der Bereitstellung nicht speichern"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand der Staging-Area nicht speichern"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
 msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
-msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsbaumes nicht speichern"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht speichern"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:140
 msgid "No changes selected"
@@ -9323,11 +10202,16 @@ msgstr "Keine Änderungen ausgewählt"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:143
 msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
-msgstr "Kann temporäre Bereitstellung nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre Staging-Area nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:156
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
-msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsbaumes nicht aufzeichnen"
+msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht aufzeichnen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kann $ref_stash nicht mit $w_commit aktualisieren."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
@@ -9339,333 +10223,533 @@ msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsbaumes nicht aufzeichnen"
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:241
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 "Fehler: unbekannte Option für 'stash save': $option\n"
-"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutze \"git stash save -- "
+"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutzen Sie \"git stash save -- "
 "'$option'\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Keine lokalen Änderungen zum Speichern"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed by "
+"stash save:"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden unbeobachteten Dateien würden NICHT gespeichert werden,\n"
+"müssen aber durch \"stash save\" entfernt werden:"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:270
+msgid ""
+"Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+msgstr ""
+"Abgebrochen. Benutzen Sie entweder die Option --force oder --include-"
+"untracked."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:274
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht initialisieren"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:278
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Status nicht speichern"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:296
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
-msgstr "Kann Änderungen am Arbeitsbaum nicht löschen"
+msgstr "Kann Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht löschen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:395
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Kein \"stash\" gefunden."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:402
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
-msgstr "Zu viele Revisionen angegeben: $REV"
+msgstr "Zu viele Commits angegeben: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:408
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference ist keine gültige Referenz"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
-msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-artige Version"
+msgstr "'$args' ist kein \"stash\"-artiger Commit"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-Referenz"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
-msgstr "unfähig die Bereitstellung zu aktualisieren"
+msgstr "unfähig die Staging-Area zu aktualisieren"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:459
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
-msgstr ""
-"Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang eine Zusammenführung im Gange ist"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang ein Merge im Gange ist"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:467
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
-msgstr "Konflikte in der Bereitstellung. Versuche es ohne --index."
+msgstr "Konflikte in der Staging-Area. Versuchen Sie es ohne --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:469
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsbaum nicht speichern"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Verzeichnis nicht speichern"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:503
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
-msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Bereitstellung herausnehmen"
+msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:518
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
-msgstr "Bereitstellung wurde nicht ausgelagert."
+msgstr "Staging-Area wurde nicht aus dem Stash zurückgeladen."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:535
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Gelöscht ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:536
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Konnte \"stash\"-Eintrag nicht löschen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:543
 msgid "No branch name specified"
-msgstr "Kein Zweigname spezifiziert"
+msgstr "Kein Branchname spezifiziert"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:615
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
-msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung gebe \"git stash apply\" ein)"
+msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung geben Sie \"git stash apply\" ein)"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:89
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "Kann eine Komponente von URL '$remoteurl' nicht extrahieren"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:168
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr ""
-"Keine Unterprojekt-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
+msgstr "Keine Submodul-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
-msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Submodul-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
 msgstr ""
-"Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Unterprojekt-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
+"Relative Pfade können nur von der obersten Ebene des Arbeitsverzeichnisses "
+"benutzt werden."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:316
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' muss absolut sein oder mit ./|../ beginnen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits in der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ist bereits zum Commit vorgemerkt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:337
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
-"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
+"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
-"Benutze -f wenn du diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchtest."
+"Benutzen Sie -f wenn Sie diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchten."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
-msgstr ""
-"Füge existierendes Projektarchiv in '$sm_path' der Bereitstellung hinzu."
+msgstr "Füge existierendes Repository in '$sm_path' der Staging-Area hinzu."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:357
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Repository"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
 msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
-msgstr "Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den "
-"Fernarchiv(en):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den Remote-"
+"Repositories:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:367
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
+"Wenn Sie dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
 "erneut zu klonen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:369
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
-"benutze die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
-"korrekte Projektarchiv ist"
+"benutzen Sie die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
+"korrekte Repository ist"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
 "option."
 msgstr ""
-"oder du dir unsicher bist, was das bedeutet, wähle einen anderen Namen mit "
-"der Option '--name'."
+"oder Sie sich unsicher sind, was das bedeutet, wählen Sie einen anderen "
+"Namenmit der Option '--name'."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:372
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
-msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Unterprojekt '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Submodul '$sm_name'."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:384
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Unfähig Unterprojekt '$sm_path' auszuchecken"
+msgstr "Unfähig Submodul '$sm_path' auszuchecken"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:389
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Hinzufügen von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Submodul '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:394
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registierung von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Eintragen von Submodul '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:451
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Stoppe bei '$sm_path'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Stoppe bei '$prefix$displaypath'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Keine URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' in .gitmodules gefunden"
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Keine URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in .gitmodules gefunden"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:504
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registrierung der URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Eintragen der URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in die "
+"Konfiguration."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:506
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt '$name' ($url) ist für Pfad '$sm_path' registriert"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' in die Konfiguration "
+"eingetragen."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:514
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Registrierung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' "
-"fehlgeschlagen"
+"Fehler bei Änderung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Submodul-Pfad "
+"'$displaypath' in der Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Verwenden Sie '.' wenn Sie wirklich alle Submodule\n"
+"deinitialisieren möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' enthält ein .git-"
+"Verzeichnis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis von Submodul in '$displaypath' enthält lokale Änderungen; "
+"verwenden Sie '-f' um diese zu verwerfen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis '$displaypath' bereinigt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' nicht löschen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein leeres Verzeichnis für Submodul in '$displaypath' erstellen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' wurde aus der Konfiguration "
+"entfernt."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' ist nicht initialisiert\n"
-"Vielleicht möchtest du 'update --init' benutzen?"
+"Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' ist nicht initialisiert.\n"
+"Vielleicht möchten Sie 'update --init' benutzen?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:627
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte aktuelle Version in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht finden"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuellen Commit in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht finden."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:646
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht anfordern"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rebase auf '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht möglich"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': Rebase auf '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:660
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Neuaufbau von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht möglich"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Merge von '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:661
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': neu aufgebaut in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:666
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+"Ausführung von '$command $sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' "
+"fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:672
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht auschecken."
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht auschecken."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad: '$sm_path': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad: '$displaypath': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:695 git-submodule.sh:1017
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
-msgstr "Die --cached Option kann nicht mit der --files Option benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --files können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Modus $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:861
+#: git-submodule.sh:1086
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:864
+#: git-submodule.sh:1089
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:867
+#: git-submodule.sh:1092
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
-"  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht die Versionen $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
+"  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht die Commits $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:892
+#: git-submodule.sh:1117
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "Blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:930
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Unterprojekte geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1155
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submodule geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1157
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Änderungen in Submodul zum Committen:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:932
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Änderungen in Unterprojekt zum Eintragen:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1242
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:1080
+#: git-submodule.sh:1306
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Synchronisiere Unterprojekt-URL für '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisiere Submodul-URL für '$displaypath'"
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --resolved\" "
+#~ "aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Mehr als %d \"Tree\"-Objekte angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Sie können --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submodul '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon) verwendet\n"
+#~ "ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses wirklich "
+#~ "mitsamt\n"
+#~ "seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen\n"
+#~ "(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die "
+#~ "Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "zeigt Commits, bei denen kein Eltern-Commit vor seinem Kind-Commit kommt"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "zeigt Referenz von HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.'status -"
+#~ "uno'"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten, neue"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
+#~ "[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem "
+#~ "spezifischen Kommando"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen in .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "Ups"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
 
 #~ msgid " 0 files changed"
 #~ msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49e0ec14ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,9823 @@
+# French translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>, 2013.
+# Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>, 2013.
+#
+# French translations of common Git words used in this file:
+#
+#   English          |  French
+#   -----------------+---------------------------------
+#   #NN              |  n°NN
+#   a commit         |  un commit
+#   backward         |
+#     compatibility  |  rétrocompatibilité
+#   bare repository  |  dépôt nu
+#   bisect           |  bissection
+#   blob             |  blob
+#   bug              |  bogue
+#   bundle           |  colis
+#   cherry-pick      |  picorer
+#   dangling         |  en suspens
+#   debugging        |  débogage
+#   fast-forward     |  avance rapide
+#   fast-forwarded   |  mis à jour en avance rapide
+#   glob             |  glob
+#   hash             |  hachage
+#   HEAD             |  HEAD (genre féminin)
+#   hook             |  hook
+#   hunk             |  section
+#   merge            |  fusion
+#   pattern          |  motif
+#   repository       |  dépôt
+#   remote           |  distante (ou serveur distant)
+#   revision         |  révision
+#   stash            |  remisage
+#   tag              |  étiquette
+#   template         |  modèle
+#   to checkout      |  extraire
+#   to commit        |  valider
+#   to fetch         |  rapatrier
+#   to prune         |  élaguer
+#   to push          |  pousser
+#   to rebase        |  rebaser
+#   to stash         |  remiser
+#   to track         |  suivre
+#   to unstage       |  désindexer
+#   tree-ish         |  arbre
+#   upstream         |  amont
+#   worktree /       |
+#   work(ing) tree   |  copie de travail
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 08:25+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-27 19:43+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n<=1 ?0 : 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
+
+#: advice.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "astuce: %.*s\n"
+
+#.
+#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+#. * other commands doing a merge do.
+#.
+#: advice.c:83
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
+"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
+"or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+"Corrigez-les dans la copie de travail,\n"
+"et utilisez 'git add/rm <fichier>' si\n"
+"nécessaire pour marquer la résolution et valider,\n"
+"ou utilisez 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [options] <arbre> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] [options] <arbre> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:323
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1126
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "préfixe"
+
+#: archive.c:325
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "préfixer chaque chemin de fichier dans l'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2371
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:665
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:667 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490 builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/notes.c:536
+#: builtin/notes.c:693 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "écrire l'archive dans ce fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "lire .gitattributes dans le répertoire de travail"
+
+#: archive.c:330
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers archivés sur stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:331
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "stockage seulement"
+
+#: archive.c:332
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "compression rapide"
+
+#: archive.c:340
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "compression efficace"
+
+#: archive.c:343
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "lister les formats d'archive supportés"
+
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "récupérer l'archive depuis le dépôt distant <dépôt>"
+
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:615
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "commande"
+
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "chemin vers la commande distante git-upload-archive"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Les motifs de négation sont ignorés dans les attributs git\n"
+"Utilisez '\\!' pour un point d'exclamation littéral."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "La branche %s ne peut pas être sa propre branche amont."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s de %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s depuis %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Suivi de branche non paramétré : le nom est trop long : %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Pas de suivi : information ambiguë pour la référence %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom de branche valide."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Une branche nommée '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Impossible de forcer la mise à jour de la branche courante."
+
+#: branch.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer le suivi de branche ; le point de départ '%s' n'est pas une branche."
+
+#: branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche amont demandée '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: branch.c:205
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez baser votre travail sur une branche\n"
+"amont qui existe déjà sur le serveur distant, vous pourriez\n"
+"devoir lancer \"git fetch\" pour la récupérer.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez pousser une nouvelle branche locale qui suivra\n"
+"sa jumelle distante, vous souhaiterez utiliser \"git push -u\"\n"
+"pour paramétrer le suivi distant en même temps que vous poussez."
+
+#: branch.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet ambigu : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Point d'embranchement invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:281
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de la référence pour mise à jour"
+
+#: branch.c:299
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Échec de l'écriture de la référence"
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ne semble pas être un fichier bundle v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "en-tête non reconnu : %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:676
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Le dépôt ne dispose pas des commits prérequis :"
+
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:651 sequencer.c:1101 builtin/log.c:300
+#: builtin/log.c:770 builtin/log.c:1344 builtin/log.c:1570 builtin/merge.c:349
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:155
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "échec de la préparation du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis contient cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis contient ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Le colis enregistre l'historique complet."
+
+#: bundle.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis exige cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis exige ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:294
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list a disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1255 builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "la référence '%s' est exclue par les options de rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:380
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refus de créer un colis vide."
+
+#: bundle.c:398
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer des objets groupés"
+
+#: bundle.c:416
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "les objets groupés ont disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:441
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "l'index de groupe a disparu"
+
+#: commit.c:50
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser %s"
+
+#: commit.c:52
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s n'est pas un commit !"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "plus de mémoire"
+
+#: connected.c:39
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lancer 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire dans la rev-list : %s"
+
+#: connected.c:56
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer le stdin du rev-list : %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "dans le futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu seconde"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu secondes"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu minute"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu minutes"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu heure"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu heures"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu jour"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu jours"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu semaine"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu semaines"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu an"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ans"
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu an"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu ans"
+
+#: diff.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Impossible d'analyser le pourcentage de modification de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paramètre dirstat inconnu '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valeur inconnue pour la variable de configuration 'diff.submodule' : '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Erreurs dans la variable de configuration 'diff.dirstat' :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3481
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --dirstat/-X :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --submodule : '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:71
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas accepté les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:82
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas pu signer les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un fichier temporaire '%s' : %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire la signature détachée dans '%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: grep.c:1640
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1651
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture tronquée %s"
+
+#: help.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles dans '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:219
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles depuis un autre endroit de votre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:235
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Les commandes git les plus utilisées sont :"
+
+#: help.c:292
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' semble être une commande git, mais elle n'a pas pu\n"
+"être exécutée. Peut-être git-%s est-elle cassée ?"
+
+#: help.c:349
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ahem. Votre système n'indique aucune commande Git."
+
+#: help.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr "ATTENTION : vous avez invoqué une commande Git nommée '%s' qui n'existe pas.\n"
+"Poursuite en supposant que vous avez voulu dire '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "dans %0.1f secondes automatiquement..."
+
+#: help.c:383
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git : '%s' n'est pas une commande git. Voir 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:387
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] "\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire cela ?"
+msgstr[1] "\nVouliez-vous dire un de ceux-là ?"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le cache"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:645
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(mauvais commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de addinfo_cache pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:268
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "erreur de construction des arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le chemin '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s pour faire de la place pour le sous-répertoire\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": peut-être un conflit D/F ?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refus de perdre le fichier non suivi '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob attendu pour %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à l'ouverture de '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à la création du lien symbolique '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ne sait pas traiter %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:922
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Échec à l'exécution de la fusion interne"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter %s à la base de données"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "type d'objet non supporté dans l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de %s laissée dans l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de %s laissée dans l'arbre dans le fichier %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "renommage"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "renommé"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s est un répertoire dans %s ajouté plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : Renommage de \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans la branche \"%s\" et renommage \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (laissé non résolu)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : renommage '%s'->'%s' dans %s. Renommage '%s'->'%s' dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s et de %s en %s à la place"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (renommage/ajout) : Renommage de %s->%s dans %s. %s ajouté dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s fusionné"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Ajout plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "l'objet %s n'est pas un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modification"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modifié"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contenu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "ajout/ajout"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s ignoré (fusion identique à l'existant)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Fusion automatique de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:1029
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sous-module"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s) : Conflit de fusion dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fichier/répertoire"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "répertoire/fichier"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s) : Il y a un répertoire nommé %s dans %s. Ajout de %s comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Échec fatal de fusion, qui ne devrait jamais arriver."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Déjà à jour !"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de fusion des arbres %s et %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Chemin non traité ??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusion :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u ancêtre commun trouvé :"
+msgstr[1] "%u ancêtres communs trouvés :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusion n'a pas retourné de commit"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:658
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire l'index."
+
+#: object.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser l'objet : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:507
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "usage : %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "   ou : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:514
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Le chemin '%s' est dans le sous-module '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' est au delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: remote.c:1781
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1787
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git push\" pour publier vos commits locaux)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1790
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commit, et peut être mise à jour en avance rapide.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commits, et peut être mise à jour en avance rapide.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1798
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour mettre à jour votre branche locale)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1801
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commit différent chacune respectivement.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commits différents chacune respectivement.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1811
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour fusionner la branche distante dans la vôtre)\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:776 builtin/merge.c:889 builtin/merge.c:999
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:335 builtin/merge.c:779
+#: builtin/merge.c:1001 builtin/merge.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr "après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:232
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'\n"
+"puis validez le résultat avec 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:859 sequencer.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'emballage de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:263
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:265
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:268
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Validez vos modifications ou remisez-les pour continuer."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:350
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre le commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:371
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:421
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:487
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Votre fichier d'index n'est pas fusionné."
+
+#: sequencer.c:506
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Le commit %s est une fusion mais l'option -m n'a pas été spécifiée."
+
+#: sequencer.c:514
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Le commit %s n'a pas le parent %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Une branche principale a été spécifiée mais le commit %s n'est pas une fusion."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:535
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'obtenir un message de validation pour %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'annuler %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:622
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'appliquer %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:654
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "l'ensemble de commits spéficifié est vide"
+
+#: sequencer.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec à la lecture de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec du raffraîchissement de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de %s pendant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser la ligne %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Aucun commit analysé."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'instruction inutilisable : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:804
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clé invalide: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:807
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'options malformée : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:840
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un picorage ou un retour est déjà en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:841
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "essayez \"git cherry-pick (--continue|--quit|-- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire de séquenceur %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:946
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Erreur lors de l'emballage de %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:880 sequencer.c:1014
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "aucun picorage ou retour en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:882
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de résoudre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "impossible d'abandonner depuis une branche non encore créée"
+
+#: sequencer.c:906 builtin/apply.c:4060
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:909
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:910
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fin de fichier inattendue"
+
+#: sequencer.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "le fichier HEAD de préparation de picorage '%s' est corrompu"
+
+#: sequencer.c:939
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de formater %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de picorer un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1085
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s : mauvaise révision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1119
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossible d'annuler en tant que commit initial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1120
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de picorer vers une HEAD vide"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1036
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD ne pointe pas sur une branche"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Branche inconnue : '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Aucune branche amont configurée pour la branche '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "La branche amont '%s' n'est pas stockée comme branche de suivi"
+
+#: wrapper.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s' : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:434
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de rechercher l'utilisateur actuel dans le fichier de mots de passe : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:435
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "utilisateur inconnu"
+
+#: wt-status.c:140
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Chemins non fusionnés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git reset %s <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm --cached <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:173
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" si nécessaire pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui seront validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:206
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui ne seront pas validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:210
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:212
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:213
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git checkout -- <fichier>...\" pour annuler les modifications dans la copie de travail)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:215
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr "  (valider ou annuler le contenu non suivi ou modifié dans les sous-modules)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git %s <fichier>...\" pour inclure dans ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:244
+msgid "bug"
+msgstr "bogue"
+
+#: wt-status.c:249
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:250
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "ajouté par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:251
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "supprimé par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "ajouté par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:253
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "supprimé par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "ajouté de deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:255
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modifié des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:285
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nouveaux commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:287
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenu modifié, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:289
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contenu non suivi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgstr "nouveau :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "copié :     %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
+msgstr "supprimé :  %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgstr "modifié :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgstr "renommé :   %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr "nv type :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr "inconnu :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr "non fus. :  %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bogue : état de diff non géré %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:803
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Vous avez des chemins non fusionnés."
+
+#: wt-status.c:806 wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits et lancez \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:809
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tous les conflits sont réglés mais la fusion n'est pas terminée."
+
+#: wt-status.c:812
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit\" pour terminer la fusion)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:822
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Vous êtes au milieu d'une session am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:825
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Le patch actuel est vide."
+
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:831
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:833
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour restaurer la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser."
+
+#: wt-status.c:901
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (résolvez les conflits puis lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:903
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:905
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --abort\" pour extraire la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:918
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont résolus : lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage de la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:930
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (Une fois la copie de travail nettoyée, lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage de la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:942
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit --amend\" pour corriger le commit actuel)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:944
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --continue\" quand vous êtes satisfait de vos modifications)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:954
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de picorer."
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont résolus : lancez \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de rétablir le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (résolvez les conflits et lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:978
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont résolus : lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git revert --abort\" pour annuler le rétablissement)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection, depuis la branche '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:995
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection."
+
+#: wt-status.c:998
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git bisect reset\" pour revenir à la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1173
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sur la branche "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1184
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1186
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée depuis "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actuellement sur aucun branche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1206
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Validation initiale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1220
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1222
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr "L'énumération des fichiers non suivis a duré %.2f secondes. 'status -uno'\n"
+"peut l'accélerer, mais vous devez alors faire attention à ne pas\n"
+"oublier d'ajouter les nouveaux fichiers par vous-même (voir 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1232
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis non listés%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1234
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Aucune modification"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1245
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification n'a été ajoutée à la validation (utilisez \"git add\" ou \"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1248
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1251
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis sont présents (utilisez \"git add\" pour les suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis sont présents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider (créez/copiez des fichiers et utilisez \"git add\" pour les suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1260 wt-status.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1267
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider, la copie de travail est propre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (aucune branche)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Validation initiale sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1396
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "derrière "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1399 wt-status.c:1402
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "devant "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1404
+msgid ", behind "
+msgstr ", derrière "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "echec lors de l'unlink de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [options] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le comportement de 'git add %s (ou %s)' sans argument de chemin depuis un\n"
+"sous-répertoire du projet va changer dans Git 2.0 et ne doit plus être utilisé.\n"
+"Pour ajouter le contenu de toute l'arborescence, lancez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (ou git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour restreindre la commande au répertoire courant, lancez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (ou git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Avec la version actuelle de Git, la commande est restreinte au répertoire courant.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez lancé 'git add' sans '-A (--all)' ni '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"dont le comportement va changer dans Git 2.0 avec le respect des chemins que vous supprimez.\n"
+"Les chemins tels que '%s' qui ont été\n"
+"retirés de votre copie de travail sont ignorés avec cette version de Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <chemin>', qui est l'option par défaut actuelle,\n"
+"  ignore les chemins que vous avez supprimés de votre copie de travail.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <chemin>' permet d'enregistrer aussi les suppressions.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez 'git status' pour vérifier les chemins que vous avez supprimés de votre copie de travail.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status de diff inattendu %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:233
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise à jour des fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "suppression de '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après rafraîchissement de l'index :"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:572 builtin/rm.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' ne correspond à aucun fichier"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:339
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Stat de '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:360
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vide. Abandon."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:376
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Les chemins suivants sont ignorés par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:393 builtin/clean.c:161 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:425 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:206
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "à vide"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/apply.c:4409 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1152 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1518 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "mode verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:396
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sélection interactive"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:397 builtin/checkout.c:1063 builtin/reset.c:258
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "sélection interactive des sections"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:398
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "édition du diff actuel et application"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permettre l'ajout de fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:400
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:401
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "enregistrer seulement le fait que le chemin sera ajouté plus tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:402
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications de tous les fichiers suivis et non suivis"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:405
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorer les chemins effacés dans la copie de travail (identique à --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:407
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "ne pas ajouter, juste rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "sauter seulement les fichiers qui ne peuvent pas être ajoutés du fait d'erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:409
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "vérifier si des fichiers - même manquants - sont ignorés, à vide"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:431
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisez -f si vous voulez réellement les ajouter.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:432
+msgid "no files added"
+msgstr "aucun fichier ajouté"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:438
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:477
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A et -u sont mutuellement incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:495
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "L'option --ignore-missing ne peut être utilisée qu'en complément de --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:525
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Rien de spécifié, rien n'a été ajouté.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Vous vouliez sûrement dire 'git add .' ?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:532 builtin/check-ignore.c:66 builtin/clean.c:204
+#: builtin/commit.c:293 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:604 builtin/apply.c:4505 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
+msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'ignorance d'espce non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de préparer la regexp d'horodatage %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec a retourné %d pour l'entrée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nom de fichier du patch introuvable à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu, %s trouvé à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - nouveau nom de fichier inconsistant à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - ancien nom de fichier inconsistant à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount : ligne inattendue : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de patch sans en-tête à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] "information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de la suppression de %d composant de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+msgstr[1] "information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de la suppression de %d composants de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch corrompu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier %s dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé %s a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attention : le fichier %s devient vide mais n'est pas supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaire corrompu à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaire non reconnu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch totalement incompréhensible à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "lecture du lien symbolique %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "ouverture ou lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "début de ligne invalide : '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d ligne)."
+msgstr[1] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d lignes)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Contexte réduit à (%ld/%ld) pour appliquer le fragment à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr "pendant la recherche de :\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "données de patch binaire manquantes pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "le patch binaire ne s'applique par correctement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "le patch binaire sur '%s' crée un résultat incorrect (%s attendu, mais %s trouvé)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "le patch a échoué : %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "extraction de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3193
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "echec de la lecture de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173 builtin/apply.c:3395
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "le chemin %s a été renommé/supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3254 builtin/apply.c:3409
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s : n'existe pas dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3258 builtin/apply.c:3401 builtin/apply.c:3423
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3263 builtin/apply.c:3417
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s : ne correspond pas à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3365
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "le patch de suppression laisse un contenu dans le fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3434
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s : type erroné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3436
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s est de type %o, mais %o attendu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3537
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3540
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3560
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3565
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3573
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s : le patch ne s'applique pas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3586
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Vérification du patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:124
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "echec de make_cache_entry pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3822
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "suppression de %s dans l'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3850
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgstr "patch corrompu pour le sous-projet %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3854
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "stat du fichier nouvellement créé '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3859
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "création du magasin de stockage pour le fichier nouvellement créé %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3862 builtin/apply.c:3970
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "ajout de l'entrée de cache %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3895
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "fermeture du fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3944
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "écriture du fichier '%s' mode %o impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4031
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s appliqué proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4039
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "erreur interne"
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:4042
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejet..."
+msgstr[1] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejets..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4052
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "troncature du nom de fichier .rej en %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4073
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Section n°%d appliquée proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4076
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Section n°%d rejetée."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4226
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrée non reconnue"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4237
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier d'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4356 builtin/apply.c:4359 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "chemin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "ne pas appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4360
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "supprimer <num> barres obliques des chemins traditionnels de diff"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4366
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorer les additions réalisées par le patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4368
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher le diffstat de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4372
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "afficher le nombre de lignes ajoutées et supprimées en notation décimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4374
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher un résumer de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4376
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, voir si le patch est applicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4378
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "s'assurer que le patch est applicable sur l'index actuel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4380
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "appliquer les patch sans toucher à la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4382
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "appliquer aussi le patch (à utiliser avec ---stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "tenter une fusion à 3 points si le patch ne s'applique pas proprement"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4386
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "construire un index temporaire fondé sur l'information de l'index embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4388 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:456
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "les chemins sont séparés par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4391
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "s'assurer d'au moins <n> lignes de correspondance de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "action"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "détecter des lignes nouvelles ou modifiées qui contiennent des erreurs d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4396 builtin/apply.c:4399
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorer des modifications d'espace lors de la recherche de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4402
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "appliquer le patch en sens inverse"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4404
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "ne pas s'attendre à au moins une ligne de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4406
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "laisser les sections rejetées dans les fichiers *.rej correspondants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4408
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "accepter les recouvrements de sections"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolérer des erreurs de détection de retours chariot manquants en fin de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4414
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "ne pas se fier au compte de lignes dans les en-têtes de section"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4416
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "racine"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "préfixer tous les noms de fichier avec <root>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4439
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4447
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4450
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4466
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "ouverture impossible du patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4480
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d erreur d'espace ignorée"
+msgstr[1] "%d erreurs d'espace ignorées"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4486 builtin/apply.c:4496
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ligne a ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+msgstr[1] "%d lignes ont ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier d'archive '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "impossible de rediriger la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive : Dépôt distant sans URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive : ACK/NACK attendu, EOF reçu"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive : NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erreur distante : %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive : erreur de protocole"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive : vidage attendu"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect --helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "effectuer 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "mettre à jour BISECT_HEAD au lieu d'extraire le commit actuel"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:25
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [options] [options-de-révision] [rev] [--] fichier"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[options-de-révision] sont documentés dans git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2355
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Montrer les entrée de blâme au fur et à mesure de leur découverte, de manière incrémentale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2356
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer un SHA-1 blanc pour les commits de limite (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2357
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Ne pas traiter les commits racine comme des limites (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2358
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Montrer les statistiques de coût d'activité"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2359
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Montrer le score de sortie pour les entrées de blâme"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2360
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Montrer les noms de fichier originaux (Défaut : auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2361
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer les numéros de lignes originaux (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2362
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Afficher dans un format propice à la consommation par machine"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2363
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Afficher en format porcelaine avec l'information de commit par ligne"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2364
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Utiliser le même mode de sortie que git-annotate (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2365
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les horodatages bruts (Défaut: désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2366
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les longs SHA1 de commits (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2367
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Supprimer le nom de l'auteur et l'horodatage (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2368
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher l'e-mail de l'auteur au lieu du nom (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2369
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorer les différences d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2370
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Dépenser des cycles supplémentaires pour trouver une meilleure correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2371
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Utiliser les révisions du fichier <fichier> au lieu d'appeler git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2372
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Utiliser le contenu de <fichier> comme image finale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373 builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "score"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les copies de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les mouvements de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Traiter seulement l'intervalle de ligne n,m en commençant le compte à 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <nomdebranch> [<point-de-départ>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <nomdebranche>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<anciennebranche>] <nouvellebranche>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suppression de la branche '%s' qui a été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', mais pas dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"branche '%s' non supprimée car elle n'a pas été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', même si elle est fusionnée dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche '%s' n'est pas totalement fusionnée.\n"
+"Si vous êtes sur que vous voulez la supprimer, lancez 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Échec de la mise à jour du fichier de config"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser -a avec -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche '%s' sur laquelle vous êtes."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche distante %s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche distante '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche distante %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** référence invalide ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, rebasage de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, bisect a démarré sur %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(détaché de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "l'objet '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "des références n'ont pas pu être lues"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "impossible de renommer la branche actuelle, il n'y en a pas."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branche invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Echec de renommage de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Renommage d'un branche mal nommée '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "La branche a été renommée en %s, mais HEAD n'est pas mise à jour !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "La branche est renommée, mais la mise à jour du fichier de config a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de description de branche : %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Options génériques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "afficher le hachage et le sujet, doublé pour la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "supprimer les messages d'information"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "régler le mode de suivi (voir git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "modifier l'information amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "utiliser la coloration dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "agir sur les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1368 builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/commit.c:1371 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "valider"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui contiennent le commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Actions spécifiques à git-branch :"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher à la fois les branches de suivi et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche totalement fusionnée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche (même non fusionnée)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche et son reflog"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche, même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des branches"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "créer le reflog de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "éditer la description de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "forcer la création (même si la cible existe)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les branches en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de HEAD comme référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:619
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD non trouvée sous refs/heads !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et --verbose sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "le nom de branche est requis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de décrire une HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "impossible d'éditer la description de plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Aucun commit sur la branche '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Aucune branche nommée '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour une opération de renommage"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour spécifier une branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "impossible de spécifier une branche amont de HEAD par %s qui ne pointe sur aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "pas de branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour désactiver un amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "impossible de désactiver une branche amont de HEAD quand elle ne pointe sur aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branche '%s' n'a aucune information de branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "créer manuellement 'HEAD' n'a aucun sens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "les options -a et -r de 'git branch' n'ont pas de sens avec un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr "l'option --set-upstream est obsolète et va disparaître. Utilisez plutôt --track ou --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "\n"
+"Si vous vouliez que '%s' suive '%s', faîtes ceci :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s est correct\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "La création d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Le dépaquetage d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:176
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:177
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <liste_d_objets>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:195
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<type> peut être : blob, tree, commit ou tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:196
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "afficher le type de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:197
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "afficher la taille de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:199
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "sortir avec un code d'erreur nul quand il n'y a aucune erreur"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:200
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "afficher avec mise en forme le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:202
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "pour les objets blob, lancer textconv sur le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:204
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "afficher l'information et le contenu des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:207
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "afficher l'information des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] chemin..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <liste-de-chemins>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "afficher tous les attributs associés au fichier"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "utiliser .gitattributes seulement depuis l'index"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les noms de fichier depuis stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+msgstr "les chemins en entrée sont terminés par le caractère nul"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1044 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "supprimer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "impossible de spécifier les chemins avec --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:149
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z n'a de sens qu'avec l'option --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:151
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "aucun chemin spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:155
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet n'est valide qu'avec un seul chemin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "impossible d'avoir --quiet et --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "extraire tous les fichiers présents dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement des fichiers existants"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "pas d'avertissement pour les fichiers existants et les fichiers absents de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "ne pas extraire les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "mettre à jour l'information de stat dans le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "écrire le contenu dans des fichiers temporaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "lors de la création de fichiers, préfixer par <chaîne>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copier les fichiers depuis l'index nommé"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [options] <branche>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [options] [<branche>] -- <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas notre version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas leur version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a aucune des versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas les versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "chemin '%s' : impossible de fusionner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter le résultat de fusion pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec des mises à jour de chemins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et basculer sur la branche '%s' en même temps."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'est pas fusionné"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "vous devez d'abord résoudre votre index courant"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un reflog pour '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:634
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:644
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Déjà sur '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement et remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650 builtin/checkout.c:987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la nouvelle branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:652
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... et %d en plus.\n"
+
+#. The singular version
+#: builtin/checkout.c:714
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Attention : vous laissez %d commit en retard, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Attention : vous laissez %d commits en retard, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:732
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez les garder en créant une nouvelle branche, c'est le bon moment\n"
+"de le faire avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"git branche nouvelle_branche %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:762
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "erreur interne lors du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:766
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La position précédente de HEAD était"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:793 builtin/checkout.c:982
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Vous êtes sur une branche qui doit encore naître"
+
+#. case (1)
+#: builtin/checkout.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "référence invalide : %s"
+
+#. case (1): want a tree
+#: builtin/checkout.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la référence n'est pas un arbre : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser des chemins avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:999 builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007 builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de basculer de branche vers '%s' qui n'est pas un commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1047 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1046
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "créer et extraire une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1048
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "créer/réinitialiser et extraire une branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1049
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "créer un refog pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1050
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "détacher la HEAD à la validation nommée"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "paramétrer l'information de branche amont pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche sans parent"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire notre version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire leur version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "forcer l'extraction (laisser tomber les modifications locales)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "réaliser une fusion à 3 points avec la nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060 builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers ignorés (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061 builtin/log.c:1158 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "style"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "style de conflit (fusion ou diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "ne pas limiter les spécificateurs de chemins aux seules entrées creuses"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "deuxième chance 'git checkout branche-inexistante'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B et --orphan sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track requiert un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1115
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nom de branche manquant ; essayez -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1150
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "spécification de chemin invalide"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et de basculer sur la branche '%s' en même temps.\n"
+"Souhaitiez-vous extraire '%s' qui ne peut être résolu comme commit ?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach n'accepte pas un argument de chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1166
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force et --merge sont incompatibles lors\n"
+"de l'extraction de l'index."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:20
+msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <motif>] [-x | -X] [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Supprimerait %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignore le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:27
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignorerait le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:28
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression de %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:160
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms des fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "forcer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:164
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "supprimer les répertoires entiers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:165 builtin/describe.c:412 builtin/grep.c:717
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "motif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "ajouter <motif> aux règles ignore"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:167
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "supprimer les fichiers ignorés, aussi"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:169
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:187
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x et -X ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:191
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce positionné à true et ni -n ni -f fourni ; refus de nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:194
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce à true par défaut et ni -n ni -f fourni ; refus de nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [options] [--] <dépôt> [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:65 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/push.c:436
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "forcer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "ne pas créer d'extraction"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68 builtin/clone.c:70 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt miroir (implique dépôt nu)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "pour cloner depuis un dépôt local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "ne pas utiliser de liens durs locaux, toujours copier"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "régler comme dépôt partagé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialiser les sous-modules dans le clone"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "répertoire-modèle"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "répertoire depuis lequel les modèles vont être utilisés"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dépôt de référence"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "utiliser <nom> au lieu de 'origin' pour suivre la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "extraire <branche> au lieu de la HEAD du répertoire distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "chemin vers git-upload-pack sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "créer un clone superficiel de cette profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "cloner seulement une branche, HEAD ou --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "séparer le répertoire git de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "clé=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "régler la configuration dans le nouveau dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' n'est pas un dépôt local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:319 builtin/diff.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "échec du stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existe et n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "échec du stat de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du lien '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la copie vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fait.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:397
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr "Le clone a réussi, mais l'extraction a échoué.\n"
+"Vous pouvez inspecter ce qui a été extrait avec 'git status'\n"
+"et réessayer l'extraction avec 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la branche distante '%s' à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:550
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "le serveur distant n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:610
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "la HEAD distante réfère à une référence non existante, impossible de l'extraire.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:641
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "inpossible d'extraire la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:749
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Trop d'arguments."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:753
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un dépôt à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les options --bare et --origin %s sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:767
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare et --separate-git-dir sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:780
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "le dépôt '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:785
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth est ignoré dans les clones locaux : utilisez plutôt \"file://\"."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "le chemin de destination '%s' existe déjà et n'est pas un répertoire vide."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:805
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "la copie de travail '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:818 builtin/clone.c:830
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer les répertoires de premier niveau dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de la copie de travail '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans le dépôt nu '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:877
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas cloner %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branche distante %s n'a pas été trouvée dans le dépôt amont %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:933
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Vous semblez avoir cloné un dépôt vide."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [options]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "rechercher les variables de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "mise en page à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Largeur maximale"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur la bordure gauche"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur le côté droit"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace entre les colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command doit être le premier argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:34
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [options] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:39
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [options] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:44
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se fondant\n"
+"sur votre nom d'utilisateur et votre nom d'ordinateur. Veuillez vérifier qu'ils sont corrects.\n"
+"Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les paramétrant explicitement :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Votre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email vous@exemple.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour ce commit avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:56
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr "Vous avez demandé de corriger le commit le plus récent, mais le faire le rendrait\n"
+"vide. Vous pouvez répéter votre commande avec --allow-empty, ou vous pouvez\n"
+"supprimer complètement le commit avec \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:61
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le picorage précédent est à présent vide, vraisemblablement dû à une résolution de conflit.\n"
+"Si vous souhaitez tout de même le valider, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+"Sinon, utilisez 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:260
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "échec du dépaquetage de l'objet arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:302
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de créer l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:308
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:341 builtin/commit.c:362 builtin/commit.c:412
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:393
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:395
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant un picorage."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:405
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:425
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:513 builtin/commit.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgstr "commit invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:542
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paramètre --author mal formé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgstr "Chaîne ident mal formée : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:600 builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/commit.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "impossible de rechercher le commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:612 builtin/shortlog.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lecture du message de journal depuis l'entrée standard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:614
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le journal depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:618
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de journal '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:624
+msgid "commit has empty message"
+msgstr "le commit a un message vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:640
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:709
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez une fusion.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez un picorage.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:737
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:742
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront conservées ; vous pouvez les supprimer vous-même\n"
+"si vous le souhaitez. Un message vide abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgstr "%sAuteur :     %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:762
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgstr "%sValidateur : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:819
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la construction des arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:834 builtin/tag.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le message en utilisant l'option -m ou -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:931
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr "Aucun auteur existant trouvé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:946 builtin/commit.c:1140
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fichier non suivi invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:976
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'utilisation simultanée de --reset-author et --author n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:987
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Il n'y a rien à corriger."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:990
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en pleine fusion -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:992
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en plein picorage -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:995
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les options --squash et --fixup ne peuvent pas être utilisées ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1005
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Une seule option parmi -c/-C/-F/--fixup peut être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1007
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'option -m ne peut pas être combinée avec -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author ne peut être utilisé qu'avec -C, -c ou --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1032
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "Une seule option parmi --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch peut être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Aucun chemin avec les options --include/--only n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Malin... correction du dernier avec un index sale."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1038
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1048 builtin/tag.c:575
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059 builtin/commit.c:1194
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154 builtin/commit.c:1390
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1392
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/push.c:426
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1161 builtin/commit.c:1396
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1399
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/fast-export.c:659
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:662 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1167 builtin/commit.c:1402
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1170
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1171 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1248
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1250
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1291
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1293
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366 builtin/gc.c:178
+msgid "date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/merge.c:208 builtin/notes.c:533
+#: builtin/notes.c:690 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1367
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1372
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/log.c:1113 builtin/revert.c:109
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/merge.c:215 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1386
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1389
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1406
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479 builtin/merge.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1512
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1526
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1546 builtin/merge.c:847 builtin/merge.c:872
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567
+msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1571
+msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:7
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:51
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:52
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:15
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un objet '%s' valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:288
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:377
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:402
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:403
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:405
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:415 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:416
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:435
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:461
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:481
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:305
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:348
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:658
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:660
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:663
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:672
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:204
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:262
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:277 builtin/fetch.c:363
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:288
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290 builtin/fetch.c:325 builtin/fetch.c:343
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:314
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:359
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:365
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:396 builtin/fetch.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:405
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:502
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:552
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:553
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:560
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:561 builtin/remote.c:1055
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:678
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:792
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:894
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:896 builtin/remote.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:915
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:935
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1002
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1004
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1023
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:701
+#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+msgid "key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:22
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:179
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:181
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:182
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:22
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:643
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:645
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:652
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:654
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:656
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:683
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:685
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:690
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:697
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:711
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:716
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:718
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:720
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:732
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:734
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:736
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:743
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:811
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:889
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:894
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:905
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:45
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:48
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:54
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:66
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:94
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:107
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:133 builtin/help.c:161 builtin/help.c:170 builtin/help.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:351
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:368
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:376
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:427
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:440
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:462 builtin/help.c:478
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:494
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:202
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:262
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:269
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:304
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:446
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:503
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:542
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:570
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:661 builtin/index-pack.c:667 builtin/index-pack.c:690
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:724 builtin/index-pack.c:733
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:664 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:759
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:761
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:833 builtin/index-pack.c:863
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1004
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1030
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1038
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1049
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1072
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1132
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1142
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1250
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1308
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1319
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1352
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1362 builtin/index-pack.c:1535
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1420
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1422
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1503
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1547 builtin/index-pack.c:1550
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1566
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1580
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1584 builtin/index-pack.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1603
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.
+#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Dépôt git dans %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
+msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
+msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:40
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:103
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:104
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:105
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:106
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:199
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:422 builtin/log.c:514
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:638
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:720
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:736
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:750
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:758
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:860
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:936
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:964
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1009
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1108
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1111
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1115
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1117
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1119
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1120
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1121
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1123
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1125
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1127
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1130
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1133
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1136
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1138
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1140
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1142
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1143
+msgid "header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1144
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145 builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "email"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1145
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1147
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1149
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1150
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1151 builtin/log.c:1154
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1152
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1159
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1161
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1248
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1250
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1258
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1260
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1262
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1285
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1287
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1435
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1484
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1552 builtin/log.c:1554 builtin/log.c:1566
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:402
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:476
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:481
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:491
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:504
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:90
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:183
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:186
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:187
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:189
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:192
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:194
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:200
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:203
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204 builtin/notes.c:866 builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:205
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:242
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:247
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:271 builtin/merge.c:288
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:318
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (rien à compresser)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:365
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:643
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:671
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:827
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:839
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:904
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:963
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:965
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1057 builtin/merge.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1125
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1144 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1151
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1160
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1165
+msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1172
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1204
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1207
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1209
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1271
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1404
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1436
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:1538
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1463
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1540
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:14
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:64
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:65
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:115
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:118
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:140
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:171
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:184
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:187
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:36
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:37
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:42
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:47
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:52
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:53
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:58
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:63
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:68
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:74
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:75
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:80
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:85
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:90
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:143
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:169 builtin/tag.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:188
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:209 builtin/notes.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/tag.c:543
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:271 builtin/notes.c:444 builtin/notes.c:446
+#: builtin/notes.c:506 builtin/notes.c:560 builtin/notes.c:643
+#: builtin/notes.c:648 builtin/notes.c:723 builtin/notes.c:765
+#: builtin/notes.c:967 builtin/tag.c:556
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:298
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: builtin/notes.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:499 builtin/notes.c:553 builtin/notes.c:626
+#: builtin/notes.c:638 builtin/notes.c:711 builtin/notes.c:758
+#: builtin/notes.c:1032
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:512 builtin/notes.c:771
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:534 builtin/notes.c:691
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:537 builtin/notes.c:694
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539 builtin/notes.c:542 builtin/notes.c:696
+#: builtin/notes.c:699 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:697
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:700
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:545 builtin/notes.c:613
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:579
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:584 builtin/notes.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:614
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:616
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:634
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:655
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:863
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:865
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:867
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:871
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:873
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:875
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:970
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:982
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:985
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1066
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1102 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:45
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:64
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:151
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:199
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:206
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
+"before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:212
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:218
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:224
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+"'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:231
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:294
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:332
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:347
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:348
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:353
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:354
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:359
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:419
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:420
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:421
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:423
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:424
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:427
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:428
+msgid "check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:429
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:431
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:432 builtin/push.c:433
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:434
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:437
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:439
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:440
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:450
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:452
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [-t <branche>] [-m <maîtresse>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <ancienne> <nouvelle>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | -d | <branche>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<groupe> | <distante>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <nouvelle-URL> [<ancienne-URL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <nouvelle-URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<options>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<options>] [<groupe> | <distante>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Mise à jour de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror est dangereux et obsolète ; merci\n"
+"\t d'utiliser --mirror=fetch ou --mirror=push à la place"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument miroir inconnu : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "rapatrier les branches distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importer toutes les étiquettes et les objets associés lors du rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ou ne rapatrier aucune étiquette (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branche(s) à suivre"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branche maîtresse"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "paramétrer la distante comme miroir pour pousser ou pour rapatrier depuis"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "spécifier une branche maîtresse n'a pas de sens avec --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "spécifier les branches à suivre n'a de sens qu'avec des miroirs de rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "la distante %s existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom valide de distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer la maîtresse '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "plus d'un %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(correspond)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s' à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Distante inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de renommer la section de configuration '%s' en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la section de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise à jour du refspec de rapatriement qui n'est pas par défaut\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tMerci de mettre à jour la configuration si nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de définir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de suppression de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de création de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Note : Une branche en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'a pas été supprimée ;\n"
+"pour la supprimer, utilisez :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Note : Plusieurs branches en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'ont pas été supprimées ;\n"
+"pour les supprimer, utilisez :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nouveau (le prochain rapatriement (fetch) stockera dans remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " suivi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " dépassé (utilisez 'git remote prune' pour supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge invalide ; ne peut pas rebaser sur plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "rebase sur la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "créer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "supprimer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "peut être mis à jour en avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "le local n'est pas à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "ne pas interroger les distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de rapatriement : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(pas d'URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL push : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branche HEAD : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  Branche HEAD (la HEAD distante est ambiguë, peut être l'une des suivantes) :\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche distante :%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches distantes :%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (statut non demandé)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche locale configurée pour 'git pull' :"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches locales configurées pour 'git pull' :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Les références locales seront reflétées par 'git push'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Référence locale configurée pour 'git push'%s :"
+msgstr[1] "  Références locales configurées pour 'git push'%s :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "définir refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD selon la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "supprimer refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de déterminer la HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Il y a de multiples branches HEAD distantes. Merci d'en choisir une explicitement avec :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Référence non valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s deviendra en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s est devenu en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Élagage de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [serait élagué] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [élagué] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "élaguer les distants après le rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Pas de serveur remote '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "ajouter une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "pas de serveur distant spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuler les URLs push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "ajouter une URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "supprimer des URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete n'a aucun sens"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Motif d'URL ancien invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Pas d'URL trouvée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "être verbeux : doit être placé avant une sous-commande"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objet> <remplacement>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "afficher les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "remplacer la référence si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget chemin... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "enregistrer des résolutions propres dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre> [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre>] [--] [<chemins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "merge"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas une HEAD valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"reset %s\" au milieu d'une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:248
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "être silencieux, afficher seulement les erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:250
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD et l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "réinitialiser seulement HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:253 builtin/reset.c:255
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD, l'index et la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:257
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD mais garder les changements locaux"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme une révision valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278 builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme un arbre valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch est incompatible avec --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:301
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "--mixed avec des chemins est obsolète ; utilisez 'git reset -- <paths>' à la place."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"%s reset\" avec des chemins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "Le \"%s reset\" n'est pas permis dans un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de réinitialiser le fichier d'index à la révision '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:339
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après reset :"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<arguments>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "garder le `--` passé en argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "arrêt de l'analyse après le premier argument qui n'est pas une option"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<arguments>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse [options] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" pour plus d'information sur l'utilisation principale."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [options] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [options] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "mettre fin au retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprendre le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "annuler le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "ne pas valider automatiquement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "éditer le message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "numéro de parent"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:113
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:125
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "ajouter le nom de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:126
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "préserver les validations vides initialement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "autoriser les validations avec des messages vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "garder les validations redondantes, vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:133
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erreur du programme"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:223
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:238
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "le picorage a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:15
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [options] [--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"le sous-module '%s' (ou un des sous-modules imbriqués) utilise un répertoire .git\n"
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous souhaitez vraiment le supprimer avec tout son historique)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' a du contenu indexé différent du fichier et de HEAD\n"
+"(utilisez -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:180
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' a des changements dans l'index\n"
+"(utilisez --cached pour garder le fichier, ou -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' a des modifications locales\n"
+"(utilisez --cached pour garder le fichier, ou -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:207
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:208
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:209
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "outrepasser la vérification des fichiers à jour"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:210
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "autoriser la suppression récursive"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:212
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "sortir avec un statut zéro même si rien ne correspondait"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:283
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "pas de suppression récursive de '%s' sans -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:322
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm : impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<options>] [<intervalle révisions>] [[--] [<chemin>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Auteur manquant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:227
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "trier la sortie sur le nombre de validations par auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:229
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Supprimer les descriptions de validation, fournit seulement le nombre de validations"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:231
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Afficher l'adresse e-mail de chaque auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Couper les lignes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color[=<quand>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<révision> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "couleur '*!+-' correspondant à la branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "afficher <n> validations de plus après l'ancêtre commun"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonyme de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclure la branche courante"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "nommer les validations avec leurs noms d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "afficher les bases possibles de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "afficher les références non accessibles depuis toute autre référence"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "afficher les validations dans l'ordre topologique"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les validations qui ne sont pas sur la première branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:673
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "afficher les fusions accessibles depuis une seule pointe"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:675
+msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgstr "afficher les validations où aucun parent ne vient avant ses enfants"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:677
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "afficher les <n> plus récentes entrées de ref-log en commençant à la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr "git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [motif*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=motif] < liste-références"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes (peut être combiné avec des têtes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les têtes (peut être combiné avec des étiquettes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "vérification de référence plus stricte, requiert un chemin de référence exact"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
+msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+msgstr "afficher la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en IDs d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "afficher seulement le hachage SHA1 en utilisant <n> chiffres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les résultats sur la sortie standard (pratique avec --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "afficher les références de l'entrée standard qui ne sont pas dans le dépôt local"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [options] nom [référence]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] nom"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "supprimer le message d'erreur pour une référence non symbolique (détachée)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "raccourcir l'affichage de la référence"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raison"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raison de la mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr "git tag [-a|-s|-u <id-clé>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <nométiquette> [<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <objet>] \n"
+"\t\t[<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objet malformé à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'étiquette trop long : %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "étiquette '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' supprimée (elle était %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de vérifier l'étiquette '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrire un message pour l'étiquette\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrire un message pour l'étiquette\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront gardées ; vous pouvez les retirer vous-même si vous le souhaitez.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossible de signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "mauvais type d'objet."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "en-tête d'étiquette trop gros."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "pas de message pour l'étiquette ?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Le message pour l'étiquette a été laissé dans %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "le commutateur 'points-at' requiert un objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "affiche <n> lignes de chaque message d'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "supprimer des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "vérifier des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Options de création de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée, nécessite un message"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "message pour l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée et signée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "utiliser une autre clé pour signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "remplacer l'étiquette si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "afficher la liste des étiquettes sous forme de colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui contiennent la validation"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option -n est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --contains est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --points-at est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "une seule option -F ou -m est autorisée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom d'étiquette valide."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de verrouiller la référence"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de mettre à jour la référence"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' mise à jour (elle était %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [options] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "continuer de rafraîchir même si l'index a besoin d'une mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "rafraîchir : ignorer les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ne pas ignorer les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "laisser les fichiers remplacer des répertoires et vice-versa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "aviser des fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "rafraîchir même si l'index contient des entrées non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "rafraîchir l'information de stat"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "comme --refresh, mais en ignorant l'option assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<mode> <objet> <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter l'entrée spécifiée dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "outrepasser le bit exécutable pour les fichiers listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"non changeants\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"index seulement\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "ajouter seulement à l'index ; ne pas ajouter le contenu dans la base de données des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "supprimer les chemins nommés même s'ils sont présents dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "avec --stdin : les lignes en entrée sont terminées par des octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins à mettre à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter les entrées depuis l'entrée standard à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "repeupler les étapes n°2 et n°3 pour les chemins listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "mettre à jour seulement les entrées qui diffèrent de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "afficher les actions sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(pour porcelaines) oublier les conflits sauvés et non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "écrire l'index dans ce format"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options] -d <nomréférence> [<anciennevaleur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options]    <nomréférence> <nouvellevaleur> [<anciennevaleur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers d'information à partir de zéro"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les statistiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <étiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<préfixe>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<préfixe>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet arbre pour un sous-répertoire <préfixe>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "seulement utile pour le débogage"
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' et 'git help -g' listent les sous-commandes disponibles et\n"
+"quelques concepts. Voir 'git help <command>' ou 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"pour en lire plus à propos d'une commande spécifique ou d'un concept."
+
+#: parse-options.h:156
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "sans action (rétrocompatibilité)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "être plus verbeux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "être plus silencieux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "utiliser <n> chiffres pour afficher les SHA-1s"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Ajouter le contenu du fichier dans l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Rechercher de manière binaire le changement qui a introduit un bogue"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Lister, créer ou supprimer des branches"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Extraire une branche ou des chemins dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Cloner un dépôt dans un nouveau répertoire"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les changements dans le dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Afficher les changements entre les validations, entre validation et copie de travail, etc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Télécharger les objets et références depuis un autre dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Afficher les lignes correspondant à un motif"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Créer un dépôt Git vide ou réinitialiser un existant"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Afficher l'historique des validations"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Joindre deux ou plusieurs historiques de développement ensemble"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Déplacer ou renommer un fichier, un répertoire, ou un lien symbolique"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Rapatrier et fusionner avec un autre dépôt ou une branche locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour les références distantes ainsi que les objets associés"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Reporter en avant les validations locales dans la tête en amont mise à jour"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la HEAD courante à l'état spécifié"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Supprimer les fichiers de la copie de travail et de l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Afficher différents types d'objects"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Afficher le statut de la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Créer, lister, supprimer ou vérifier un objet d'étiquette signé avec GPG"
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Vous devez d'abord définir vos informations de validateur"
+
+#: git-am.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous semblez avoir déplacé la HEAD depuis le dernier échec de 'am'.\n"
+"Pas de retour à ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:105
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"$cmdline --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:121
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de retourner à une fusion 3-way."
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "Le dépôt n'a pas les blobs nécessaires pour un retour à une fusion 3-way."
+
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Utilisation de l'information de l'index pour reconstruire un arbre de base..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Avez-vous édité le patch à la main ?\n"
+"Il ne s'applique pas aux blobs enregistrés dans son index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:163
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retour à un patch de la base et fusion 3-way..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Échec de fusion dans les changements."
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Seulement une série de patches StGIT peut être appliquée à la fois"
+
+#: git-am.sh:361
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Le format de patch $patch_format n'est pas supporté."
+
+#: git-am.sh:363
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Échec de détection du format du patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"L'option -b/--binary ne fait plus rien depuis longtemps,\n"
+"et elle sera supprimée. Merci de ne plus l'utiliser."
+
+#: git-am.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "le répertoire précédent de rebasage $dotest existe toujours mais mbox donnée."
+
+#: git-am.sh:482
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Décidez-vous. --skip ou --abort ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:509
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Pas de résolution de l'opération en cours, nous ne sommes pas dans une reprise."
+
+#: git-am.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Index sale : impossible d'appliquer des patches (sales : $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:679
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Le patch est vide.  Était-il mal découpé ?\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez plutôt \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:706
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Le patch n'a pas d'adresse e-mail valide."
+
+#: git-am.sh:753
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr "impossible d'être interactif sans entrée standard connectée à un terminal."
+
+#: git-am.sh:757
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Le corps de la validation est :"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:764
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Appliquer ? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Application : $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:821
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:829
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez toujours des chemins non fusionnés dans votre index\n"
+"auriez-vous oublié de faire 'git add' ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:845
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Pas de changement -- Patch déjà appliqué."
+
+#: git-am.sh:855
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Le patch a échoué à $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:858
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie du patch qui a échoué se trouve dans :\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:876
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "application à un historique vide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Souhaitez-vous que je le fasse pour vous [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "option inconnue : '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' ne semble être une révision valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - j'ai besoin d'une HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr "L'extraction de '$start_head' a échoué. Essayez 'git bisect reset <branchevalide>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - référence symbolique douteuse"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Mauvais argument pour bisect_write : $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Merci d'appeler 'bisect_state' avec au moins un argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:250
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' n'accepte qu'un seul argument."
+
+#. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+#. this is less optimum.
+#: git-bisect.sh:273
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Attention : bissection avec seulement une mauvaise validation."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:279
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Êtes-vous sûr [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:289
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Puis vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Pas de bissection en cours."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' n'est pas une validation valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'extraction de la HEAD d'origine '$branch'.\n"
+"Essayez 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Pas de fichier de log donné"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "impossible de lire $file pour rejouer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de quoi parlez-vous ?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "lancement de $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"le code retour $res de '$command' est < 0 ou >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "la bissection ne peut plus continuer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' a retourné le code erreur $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "succès de la bissection"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+"Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés.\n"
+"Merci de corriger dans votre copie de travail, et utilisez alors 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"si nécessaire pour marquer comme résolu, ou utilisez 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:203
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr "mise à jour d'une branche non encore créée avec les changements ajoutés dans l'index"
+
+#. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+#. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+#. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+#. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+#: git-pull.sh:235
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Attention : fetch a mis à jour la tête de la branche courante.\n"
+"Attention : mise à jour en avance rapide de votre copie de travail\n"
+"Attention : depuis la validation $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:260
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de fusionner de multiples branches sur une tête vide"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:264
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Impossible de rebaser sur de multiples branches"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:53
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"git rebase --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour extraire la branche d'origine et stopper le rebasage, lancez \"git rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Le hook pre-rebase a refusé de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Il semble que git-am soit en cours. Impossible de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:296
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "L'option --exec doit être utilisée avec l'option --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:301
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Pas de rebasage en cours ?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:312
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "L'action --edit-todo peut seulement être utilisée lors d'un rebasage interactif."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:319
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:322
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez éditer tous les conflits de fusion et\n"
+"les marquer comme résolus avec git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir à $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Il semble qu'il y ait déjà un répertoire $state_dir_base, et je me demande\n"
+"si vous n'êtes pas au milieu d'un autre rebasage.  Si c'est le cas,\n"
+"merci d'essayer\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Si ça n'est pas le cas, merci de\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"et relancer à nouveau.  Je m'arrête au cas où vous auriez quelque chose\n"
+"d'important ici."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "invalide $upstream_name en amont"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il y a plus d'une base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il n'y a pas de base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Ne pointe pas sur une validation valide : $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal : pas de branche : $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:483
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Merci de les valider ou de les remiser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour, rebasage forcé."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Changements de $mb sur $onto :"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "Premièrement, retour de head pour rejouer votre travail par-dessus..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name mise à jour en avance rapide sur $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear avec des paramètres n'est pas implémenté"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas encore la validation initiale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:140
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Aucun changement sélectionné"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:143
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'index temporaire (ne peut pas se produire)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:156
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Impossible d'enregistrer l'état de la copie de travail"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:202
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"erreur: option inconnue pour 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Pour fournir un message, utilisez git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:223
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Pas de changements en local à sauver"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:227
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossible d'initialiser le remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:235
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver le statut courant"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer les changements de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:352
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Pas de remisage trouvé."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Trop de révisions spécifiées : $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:365
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference n'est pas une référence valide"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:393
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une validation de type remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une référence de remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:412
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossible de rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:416
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer un remisage au milieu d'une fusion"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:424
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Conflits dans l'index. Essayez sans --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:426
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'arbre d'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:460
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Impossible de désindexer les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:475
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} supprimé ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:493
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Impossible de supprimer l'entrée de stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:500
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Aucune branche spécifiée"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:571
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Pour les restaurer tapez \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:91
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer un composant de l'URL '$remoteurl'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:196
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Pas de mappage du sous-module trouvé dans .gitmodules pour le chemin '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:239
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Le clonage de '$url' dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path' a échoué"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:251
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Le répertoire Git '$a' fait partie du chemin de sous-module '$b' ou vice-versa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "L'URL de dépôt '$repo' doit être absolu ou commencer par ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:366
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le chemin suivant est ignoré par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Utilisez -f si vous voulez vraiment l'ajouter."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:388
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Ajout du dépôt existant à '$sm_path' dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:390
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà et n'est pas un dépôt git valide"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:398
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "Un répertoire git pour '$sm_name' est trouvé en local avec le(s) serveur(s) distant(s) :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:400
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Si vous voulez réutiliser ce répertoire git local au lieu de cloner à nouveau depuis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:402
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "utilisez l'option '--force'. Si le répertoire local git n'est pas le dépôt correct"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "ou vous ne savez pas ce que cela signifie de choisir un autre nom avec l'option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Réactivation du répertoire git local pour le sous-module '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'extraire le sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'ajout du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:431
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:474
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Entrée dans '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:488
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Arrêt sur '$sm_path' ; le script a retourné un statut non nul."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "URL non trouvé pour le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path' dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:541
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement de l'URL pour le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:543
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Sous-module '$name' ($url) enregistré pour le chemin '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:551
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du mode de mise à jour pour le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:588
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Utilisez '.' si vous voulez vraiment réinitialiser tous les sous-modules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "La copie de travail du sous-module '$sm_path' contient un répertoire .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son historique)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:610
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$sm_path' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "La copie de travail du sous-module '$sm_path' contient des modifications locales; utilisez '-f' pour les annuler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:613
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Répertoire '$sm_path' nettoyé"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la copie de travail du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire vide du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:626
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Le sous-module '$name' ($url) n'est pas enregistré pour le chemin '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:731
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' non initialisé\n"
+"Peut-être souhaitez-vous utiliser 'update --init' ?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:744
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la révision courante dans le chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:791
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rebaser '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:792
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' : rebasé dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:797
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de fusionner '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:798
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' : fusionné dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'extraire '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:804
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' : '$sha1' extrait"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:831
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:939
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'option --cached ne peut pas être utilisée avec l'option --files"
+
+#. unexpected type
+#: git-submodule.sh:979
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode $mod_dst inattendu"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:997
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attention : $name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1000
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attention : $name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1003
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attention : $name ne contient pas les validations $sha1_src et $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1028
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Sous-modules modifiés mais non mis à jour :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1068
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Changements du sous-module à valider :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1153
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1216
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Synchronisation de l'URL sous-module pour '$prefix$sm_path'"
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
index 430d033aad..c91e197521 100644
--- a/po/git.pot
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-30 12:40+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-06 14:10+0800\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=INTEGER; plural=EXPRESSION;\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -52,80 +52,194 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1084
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1173
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:325
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2390
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2292
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:673
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675 builtin/grep.c:714 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496 builtin/ls-files.c:499 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:152
 msgid "file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:330
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:331
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:332
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:340
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:343
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: attr.c:259
 msgid ""
-"Negative patterns are forbidden in git attributes\n"
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:220
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:296
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:314
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -136,7 +250,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:674
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:697
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
@@ -145,27 +259,27 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:732 builtin/log.c:1319 builtin/log.c:1535 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:661 sequencer.c:1111 builtin/log.c:331
+#: builtin/log.c:801 builtin/log.c:1399 builtin/log.c:1625 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:156
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
@@ -173,7 +287,7 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1215 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1310 builtin/shortlog.c:259
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -204,12 +318,12 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr ""
@@ -218,16 +332,16 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -299,41 +413,41 @@ msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:111
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:116
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:194
+#: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:237
+#: diff.c:260
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:3494
+#: diff.c:3487
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:3508
+#: diff.c:3501
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -345,59 +459,73 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1622
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1639
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1650
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -407,12 +535,17 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: merge.c:56
 msgid "failed to read the cache"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534
-#: builtin/clone.c:586
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:656
 msgid "unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -426,275 +559,315 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
 "in tree."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
 "in tree at %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
 "\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:893
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1118
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:643
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: object.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1637
+#: remote.c:1794
 msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1640
+#: remote.c:1797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -702,11 +875,11 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1647
+#: remote.c:1805
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1650
+#: remote.c:1808
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -717,261 +890,289 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1659
+#: remote.c:1818
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:761 builtin/merge.c:874 builtin/merge.c:984
-#: builtin/merge.c:994
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:986
-#: builtin/merge.c:999
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:869 sequencer.c:952
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:355
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:377
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:493
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:512
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:627
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:664
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:672
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:677
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:757
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:762
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:779
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:786
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:814
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:850
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:871 sequencer.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:890 sequencer.c:1024
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:892
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:894
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:916 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:919
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:920
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1095
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1129
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1097
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1100
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1106
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
@@ -981,509 +1182,621 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:441
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:141
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:168 wt-status.c:195
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:170 wt-status.c:197
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:174
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:180
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:178
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:189
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:207
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:211
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:214
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:245
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:286
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:288
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:290
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:307
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:803
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:806
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:809
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:812
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:822
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:825
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:831
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:833
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:901
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:903
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:905
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:918
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:930
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:942
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:944
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:954
 msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:977
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:982
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:997
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1000
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1180
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1187
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1192
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1209
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1223
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1225
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1229
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1237
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1243
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1254
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
 "track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1260
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1263 wt-status.c:1268
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1266
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1270
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1378
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1384
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1399
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1402 wt-status.c:1405
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1407
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
 #, c-format
-msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:231
-msgid "updating files failed"
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
-msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:252
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:275
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:573 builtin/rm.c:337
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:354
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:367
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:377
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:206
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:451 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:268
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1160
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1483
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:395 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1573 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:397
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1031 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:398 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/reset.c:261
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:400
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:401
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:402
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:403
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:406
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:409
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:410
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:433
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:439
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:478
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:496
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:291 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:235
+#: builtin/add.c:533 builtin/check-ignore.c:161 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:312 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:297
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
+#: builtin/add.c:605 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1536,17 +1849,17 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1557,400 +1870,396 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
 "%.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:91
 #: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:462
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1974,21 +2283,21 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2004,399 +2313,476 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:26
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:31
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2276
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2277
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2278
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2279
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2280
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2281
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2282
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2283
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2284
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2285
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2286
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2287
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2288
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2289
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2290
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2291
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2292
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392 builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294 builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "score"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:167
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:208
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:222
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:236
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:250
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:251
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:259
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:361
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:433
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:435
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:439
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:441
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:444
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:447
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:560
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:663
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:667
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:671
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:678
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:693
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:717
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:749
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:750
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:753
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761 builtin/branch.c:767 builtin/branch.c:788
-#: builtin/branch.c:794 builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/commit.c:1377
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1433 builtin/commit.c:1434
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435 builtin/commit.c:1436 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762 builtin/branch.c:768
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:774
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:777
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:778
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:779
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:780
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:781
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:782
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:784
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:785
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:794
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:798
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:811
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:816 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:630
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:836
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:887
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:899
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:914
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:917
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
 "track or --set-upstream-to\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:934
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2404,12 +2790,12 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:935
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:936
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -2427,43 +2813,43 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:285
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:286
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:323
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:324
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:325
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:328
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:330
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:332
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:335
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2483,14 +2869,63 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
 msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1054 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:143
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:148
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:152
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr ""
@@ -2543,106 +2978,106 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:649
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618 builtin/checkout.c:955
+#: builtin/checkout.c:655 builtin/checkout.c:997
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:657
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:719
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2657,7 +3092,7 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2667,232 +3102,315 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:767
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:771
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:798 builtin/checkout.c:992
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:967 builtin/checkout.c:971
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/checkout.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:978 builtin/checkout.c:983
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1017 builtin/checkout.c:1020 builtin/checkout.c:1025
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013 builtin/checkout.c:1015 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1055 builtin/checkout.c:1057 builtin/clone.c:89
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1022
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1029 builtin/log.c:1116 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071 builtin/log.c:1208 parse-options.h:249
 msgid "style"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1072
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1075
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1057
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1101
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1074
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1118
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1123
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1167
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1172
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1132
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1176
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-msgid "remove whole directories"
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:717
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
-msgid "pattern"
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
-msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
-msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+#: builtin/clean.c:293
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
-msgid "remove only ignored files"
+#: builtin/clean.c:297
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+#: builtin/clean.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+#: builtin/clean.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+#: builtin/clean.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:716
+msgid "Select items to delete"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:756
 #, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgid "remove %s? "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
+#: builtin/clean.c:781
+msgid "Bye."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:789
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:816
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:825
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:842
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:186
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:462
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2952,7 +3470,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:661
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2980,118 +3498,151 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:253
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:318 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "done\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:621
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:652
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:760
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:791
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:798
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:808
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:831 builtin/clone.c:843
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:834
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:949
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3127,15 +3678,15 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:35
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:40
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:45
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3149,110 +3700,123 @@ msgid ""
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:57
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:62
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:258
+#: builtin/commit.c:69
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:279
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:300
+#: builtin/commit.c:321
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:306
+#: builtin/commit.c:327
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:410
+#: builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:381 builtin/commit.c:431
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:393
+#: builtin/commit.c:414
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:403
+#: builtin/commit.c:424
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:423
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:511 builtin/commit.c:517
+#: builtin/commit.c:535 builtin/commit.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:540
+#: builtin/commit.c:563
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:560
+#: builtin/commit.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:598 builtin/commit.c:631 builtin/commit.c:954
+#: builtin/commit.c:621 builtin/commit.c:654 builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/shortlog.c:271
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:612
+#: builtin/commit.c:635
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:616
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:622
+#: builtin/commit.c:645
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:661
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:642
+#: builtin/commit.c:665
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:646
+#: builtin/commit.c:669
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:707
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3262,7 +3826,7 @@ msgid ""
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:723
+#: builtin/commit.c:746
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3272,364 +3836,366 @@ msgid ""
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:735
+#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:740
+#: builtin/commit.c:763
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:760
+#: builtin/commit.c:783
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:780
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:817
+#: builtin/commit.c:845
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:832 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:860 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:929
+#: builtin/commit.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:944 builtin/commit.c:1148
+#: builtin/commit.c:972 builtin/commit.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:984
+#: builtin/commit.c:1009
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1039
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:995
+#: builtin/commit.c:1050
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1003
+#: builtin/commit.c:1058
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1023
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1097
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1099
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1101
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1111 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1061
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1067 builtin/commit.c:1202
-msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1162 builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1222 builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "show status concisely"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1224 builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1226 builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169 builtin/commit.c:1404
+#: builtin/commit.c:1229 builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "show status in long format (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1172 builtin/commit.c:1407
+#: builtin/commit.c:1232 builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1174 builtin/commit.c:1410 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1234 builtin/commit.c:1467 builtin/fast-export.c:667
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1175 builtin/commit.c:1410
+#: builtin/commit.c:1235 builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1238
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1179 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1239 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "when"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1180
+#: builtin/commit.c:1240
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1242
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1256
+#: builtin/commit.c:1313
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1258
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1299
+#: builtin/commit.c:1356
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1301
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1425
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1426
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1428
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1429 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431 builtin/gc.c:178
 msgid "date"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1434
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1436
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1437
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381 builtin/log.c:1073 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1438 builtin/log.c:1160 builtin/revert.c:111
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1439
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1440
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "default"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+#: builtin/commit.c:1442
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1386 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1444 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1447
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1448
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1449
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
+#: builtin/commit.c:1451
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1454
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1408
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1449
+#: builtin/commit.c:1507
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1545 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1559
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:832 builtin/merge.c:857
+#: builtin/commit.c:1612 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1633
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1648
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3640,250 +4206,266 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:51
+#: builtin/config.c:52
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:53
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
-msgid "Action"
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "blob-id"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:57
-msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:58
-msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgid "Action"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:59
-msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:60
-msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:61
-msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:62
-msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:63
-msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:64
-msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:65
-msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:66
-msgid "list all"
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:70 builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
@@ -3891,31 +4473,26 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:228
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:305
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:363
+#: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:371
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
@@ -3924,39 +4501,39 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:671
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:676
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:680
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4028,166 +4605,178 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:220
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:278
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:293 builtin/fetch.c:379
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:304
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:306 builtin/fetch.c:341 builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:324
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:327
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:330
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:381
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:412 builtin/fetch.c:718
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:589
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:590 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:742
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:826
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:930 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:949
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:969
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1017
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1036
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1038
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1057
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4195,29 +4784,29 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:701
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:175
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:700
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:179
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:243
 msgid "n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4352,225 +4941,220 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#: builtin/grep.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#: builtin/grep.c:442 builtin/grep.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#: builtin/grep.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#: builtin/grep.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#: builtin/grep.c:567
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:643
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:645
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:647
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:649
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:652
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:656
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:658
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:660
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:663
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:670
+#: builtin/grep.c:669
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:673
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:676
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:679
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:680
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:681
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:683
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:685
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:687
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:690
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:692
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:694
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:695
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:697
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:699
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/grep.c:701
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:705
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:707
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:708
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:711
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:713
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:720
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:736
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
+#: builtin/grep.c:742
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/grep.c:743 builtin/show-ref.c:188
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:811
+#: builtin/grep.c:810
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:866
+#: builtin/grep.c:865
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:894
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:897
+#: builtin/grep.c:896
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:905
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4608,364 +5192,396 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:838 builtin/index-pack.c:868
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1040
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1043
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1087
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1129
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1176
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1255
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1279
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1292
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1300
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1313
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1324
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1363
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1474
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1509
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1557 builtin/index-pack.c:1560
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1572 builtin/index-pack.c:1576
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1590
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1613
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5087,8 +5703,8 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:467
 msgid ""
-"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
-"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:490
@@ -5099,7 +5715,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5129,244 +5745,260 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:124
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:405 builtin/log.c:497
+#: builtin/log.c:453 builtin/log.c:545
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:521
+#: builtin/log.c:569
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:669
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:751
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:712
+#: builtin/log.c:781
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:720
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:794
+#: builtin/log.c:891
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:867
+#: builtin/log.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:895
+#: builtin/log.c:995
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:940
+#: builtin/log.c:1040
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1068
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1071
+#: builtin/log.c:1158
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1077
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1079
+#: builtin/log.c:1166
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1167
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1081
+#: builtin/log.c:1168
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1170
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1085
+#: builtin/log.c:1172
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1174
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1180
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1094
+#: builtin/log.c:1183
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1185
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1101
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1191
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103 builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1192 builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "email"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1196
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1109 builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1201 builtin/log.c:1204
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1110
+#: builtin/log.c:1202
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1113
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1119
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1120
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1122
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1163
+#: builtin/log.c:1288
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1303
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1305
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1218
+#: builtin/log.c:1313
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1220
+#: builtin/log.c:1315
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1222
+#: builtin/log.c:1317
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1245
+#: builtin/log.c:1340
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1247
+#: builtin/log.c:1342
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1400
+#: builtin/log.c:1490
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1449
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1504
+#: builtin/log.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1517 builtin/log.c:1519 builtin/log.c:1531
+#: builtin/log.c:1607 builtin/log.c:1609 builtin/log.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -5375,91 +6007,91 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:497
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:505
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:509
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:512
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5511,305 +6143,327 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:656
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:670
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:684
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:773
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:782
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:824
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:905
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:946
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:948
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:950
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:955
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1042 builtin/merge.c:1199
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1110
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1126 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1129 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1133
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1136
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1150
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1189
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1192
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1194
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1309
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1348
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1355
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1387
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1410 builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1414
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1480
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1482
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1491
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1503
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -5974,374 +6628,352 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
 msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6564,7 +7196,7 @@ msgid ""
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6574,7 +7206,7 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6583,12 +7215,12 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:142
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6596,7 +7228,7 @@ msgid ""
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:165
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6614,20 +7246,20 @@ msgid ""
 "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:225
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:232
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:238
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6635,30 +7267,50 @@ msgid ""
 "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:244
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:250
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:257
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:260
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:358
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -6671,79 +7323,87 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:373
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:374
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:379
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:380
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:385
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:445
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:446
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:447
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:449
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "check"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:458 builtin/push.c:459
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:463
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:465
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:476
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:478
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6754,70 +7414,80 @@ msgid ""
 "index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:616 builtin/reflog.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr ""
@@ -7338,11 +8008,11 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
@@ -7365,102 +8035,108 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:253
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:254
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:256 builtin/reset.c:258
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:260
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:295
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:304
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:342
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7470,7 +8146,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
@@ -7478,174 +8154,196 @@ msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71 builtin/revert.c:94
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:109
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:115
 msgid "option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:116
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:130
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:135
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:225
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:240
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:15
+#: builtin/rm.c:16
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:64
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:70
 msgid ""
-"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"\n"
 "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:174
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:180
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:191
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:207
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:208
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:209
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:210
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:212
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:283
+#: builtin/rm.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:322
+#: builtin/rm.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:228
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7661,47 +8359,47 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7714,56 +8412,56 @@ msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:11
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:178
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7840,159 +8538,157 @@ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -8169,23 +8865,30 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:144
+msgid "expiry date"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:159
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:236
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:244
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8226,7 +8929,7 @@ msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
@@ -8242,7 +8945,7 @@ msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
@@ -8286,7 +8989,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
@@ -8336,25 +9039,32 @@ msgid ""
 "it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8362,60 +9072,60 @@ msgid ""
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8507,59 +9217,59 @@ msgid ""
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8574,7 +9284,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8582,7 +9292,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:229
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -8590,15 +9300,15 @@ msgid ""
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:254
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:258
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -8606,42 +9316,58 @@ msgid ""
 "\"."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:190
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:195
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:329
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:334
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:345
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:352
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:355
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:392
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -8654,56 +9380,65 @@ msgid ""
 "valuable there."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:437
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:461
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:464 git-rebase.sh:468
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:473
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:519
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:548
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:552
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:582
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr ""
@@ -8736,6 +9471,11 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -8746,126 +9486,141 @@ msgstr ""
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:241
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed by "
+"stash save:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:270
+msgid ""
+"Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:274
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:278
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:296
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:395
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:402
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:408
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:459
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:467
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:469
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:503
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:518
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:535
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:536
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:543
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:615
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:89
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:168
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:316
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:337
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -8873,180 +9628,244 @@ msgid ""
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:357
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
 msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:367
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:369
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
 "option."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:372
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:384
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:389
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:394
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:451
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:504
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:506
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:514
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:627
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:646
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:660
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:661
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:666
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:672
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:695 git-submodule.sh:1017
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:861
+#: git-submodule.sh:1086
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:864
+#: git-submodule.sh:1089
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:867
+#: git-submodule.sh:1092
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:892
+#: git-submodule.sh:1117
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:930
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1155
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1157
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:932
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1242
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:1080
+#: git-submodule.sh:1306
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/it.po b/po/it.po
index fe61f1a3f3..9080219446 100644
--- a/po/it.po
+++ b/po/it.po
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/nl.po b/po/nl.po
index e1399e2b6d..ad31c66cdf 100644
--- a/po/nl.po
+++ b/po/nl.po
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/pt_PT.po b/po/pt_PT.po
index 517ec29a4a..689ad1b0fe 100644
--- a/po/pt_PT.po
+++ b/po/pt_PT.po
@@ -2312,7 +2312,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Nenhum nome encontrado, não descreve nada."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
index ee6b0fcf51..dcf579b8d4 100644
--- a/po/sv.po
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Swedish translations for Git.
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.4\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-30 12:40+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-11-30 10:49+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-06 14:10+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-06 12:37+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
 "Language: sv\n"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -57,82 +57,206 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr "git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr "fmt"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr "arkivformat"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1084
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1173
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr "prefix"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:325
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr "lägg till prefix till varje sökväg i arkivet"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2390
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2292
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:673
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675 builtin/grep.c:714 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496 builtin/ls-files.c:499 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:152
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "fil"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr "skriv arkivet till filen"
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr "läs .gitattributes i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:330
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
 msgstr "rapportera arkiverade filer på standard fel"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:331
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr "endast spara"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:332
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr "komprimera snabbare"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:340
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr "komprimera bättre"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:343
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
 msgstr "visa understödda arkivformat"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr "arkiv"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr "hämta arkivet från fjärrarkivet <arkiv>"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr "kommando"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr "sökväg till kommandot git-upload-archive på fjärren"
 
 #: attr.c:259
 msgid ""
-"Negative patterns are forbidden in git attributes\n"
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
-"Negativa mönster är förbjudna i git-attribut\n"
+"Negativa mönster ignoreras i git-attribut\n"
 "Använd '\\!' för att inleda med ett utropstecken."
 
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Ställer inte in grenen %s som sin egen uppströmsgren."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Spårning har inte ställts in: namnet för långt: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Spårar inte: tvetydig information för referensen %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt grennamn."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte tvinga uppdatering av aktuell gren."
+
+#: branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte ställa in spårning; startpunkten \"%s\" är inte en gren."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "den efterfrågade uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: branch.c:220
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt basera ditt arbete på en uppströmsgren\n"
+"som redan finns på fjärren kan du behöva köra \"git fetch\"\n"
+"för att hämta den.\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt sända in en ny lokal gren som skall\n"
+"spåra dess fjärrmotsvarighet kan du använda \"git push -u\"\n"
+"för att ställa in uppströmskonfigurationen när du sänder in."
+
+#: branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är tvetydigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Avgreningspunkten är inte giltig: \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:296
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Misslyckades låsa referens för uppdatering"
+
+#: branch.c:314
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Misslyckades skriva referens"
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -143,7 +267,7 @@ msgstr "'%s' ser inte ut som en v2-bundle-fil"
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "okänt huvud: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:674
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:697
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
@@ -152,35 +276,35 @@ msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr "Arkivet saknar dessa nödvändiga incheckningar:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:732 builtin/log.c:1319 builtin/log.c:1535 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:661 sequencer.c:1111 builtin/log.c:331
+#: builtin/log.c:801 builtin/log.c:1399 builtin/log.c:1625 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:156
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller %d referens"
-msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller %d referenser"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) dessa %d referenser:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Paketet (bundlen) beskriver en komplett historik."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens"
-msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list dog"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1215 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1310 builtin/shortlog.c:259
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
@@ -211,12 +335,12 @@ msgstr "kan inte skapa \"%s\""
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack dog"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka %s"
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
@@ -225,16 +349,16 @@ msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "minnet slut"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte köra \"git rev-list\""
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva till rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte stänga rev-list:s standard in: %s"
@@ -306,22 +430,22 @@ msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
 msgstr[0] "%lu år sedan"
 msgstr[1] "%lu år sedan"
 
-#: diff.c:111
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: diff.c:116
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
 msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: diff.c:194
+#: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
 msgstr "Okänt värde för konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.submodule\": \"%s\""
 
-#: diff.c:237
+#: diff.c:260
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
@@ -330,7 +454,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hittade fel i konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.dirstat\":\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3494
+#: diff.c:3487
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -339,12 +463,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --dirstat/-X;\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3508
+#: diff.c:3501
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --submodule: \"%s\""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "kunde inte köra gpg."
 
@@ -356,31 +480,45 @@ msgstr "gpg godtog inte data"
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg misslyckades signera data"
 
-#: grep.c:1622
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporära filen \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skriva fristående signatur till \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kunde inte läsa %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1639
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1650
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": kort läsning %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "git-kommandon tillgängliga i \"%s\""
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "git-kommandon från andra platser i din $PATH"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -389,11 +527,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "\"%s\" verkar vara ett git-kommando, men vi kan inte\n"
 "köra det. Kanske git-%s är trasigt?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "Oj då. Ditt system rapporterar inga Git-kommandon alls."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -402,17 +540,17 @@ msgstr ""
 "VARNING: Du anropade ett Git-kommando vid namn \"%s\", som inte finns.\n"
 "Fortsätter under förutsättningen att du menade \"%s\""
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "automatiskt om %0.1f sekunder..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: \"%s\" är inte ett git-kommando. Se \"git --help\"."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -426,12 +564,17 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "Menade du ett av dessa?"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
 #: merge.c:56
 msgid "failed to read the cache"
 msgstr "misslyckads läsa cachen"
 
-#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534
-#: builtin/clone.c:586
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:656
 msgid "unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
@@ -445,70 +588,70 @@ msgstr "(felaktig incheckning)\n"
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "addinfo_cache misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "fel vid byggande av träd"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa sökvägen \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort %s för att göra plats för underkatalog\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": kanske en K/F-konflikt?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "vägrar förlora ospårad fil vid \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s: \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr "blob förväntades för %s \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta skapa symboliska länken \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "vet inte hur %06o %s \"%s\" skall hanteras"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "Misslyckades exekvera intern sammanslagning"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till %s till databasen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "objekttyp som ej stöds upptäcktes i trädet"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -517,7 +660,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
 "i trädet."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -526,20 +669,20 @@ msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
 "i trädet vid %s."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "namnbyte"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "namnbytt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s är en katalog i %s lägger till som %s istället"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -548,180 +691,220 @@ msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" på grenen \"%s\" "
 "namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" i \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (lämnad olöst)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. Namnbyte %s->%s i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s och %s till %s istället"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/tillägg): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. %s tillagd i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Lägger till sammanslagen %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Lägger till som %s iställer"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "objektet %s är inte en blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "ändra"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "ändrad"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "innehåll"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "tillägg/tillägg"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "Hoppade över %s (sammanslagen samma som befintlig)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "Slår ihop %s automatiskt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:893
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1118
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "undermodul"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Sammanslagningskonflikt i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "Tar bort %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "fil/katalog"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "katalog/fil"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s): Det finns en katalog med namnet %s i %s. Lägger till %s som %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Lägger till %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "Ödesdigert sammanslagningsfel, borde inte inträffa."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "Redan à jour!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "sammanslagning av träden %s och %s misslyckades"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "Obehandlad sökväg??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "Slår ihop:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "hittade %u gemensam förfader:"
 msgstr[1] "hittade %u gemensamma förfäder:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "sammanslagningen returnerade ingen incheckning"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:643
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: object.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka objektet: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "användning: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "     eller: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-TAL"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Sökvägen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: remote.c:1788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckning.\n"
 msgstr[1] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1637
+#: remote.c:1794
 msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git push\" för att publicera dina lokala incheckningar)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1640
+#: remote.c:1797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -731,11 +914,11 @@ msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckningar, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1647
+#: remote.c:1805
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att uppdatera din lokala gren)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1650
+#: remote.c:1808
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -750,23 +933,32 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
 "och har %d respektive %d olika incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1659
+#: remote.c:1818
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att slå ihop fjärrgrenen med din egen)\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:761 builtin/merge.c:874 builtin/merge.c:984
-#: builtin/merge.c:994
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) misslyckades"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:986
-#: builtin/merge.c:999
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -774,7 +966,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -784,232 +976,260 @@ msgstr ""
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\"\n"
 "och checka in resultatet med \"git commit\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:869 sequencer.c:952
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"cherry-pick\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"revert\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:355
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte bestämma HEAD:s incheckning\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:377
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera cacheträd\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:493
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Din indexfil har inte slagits ihop."
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:512
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "Incheckning %s är en sammanslagning, men flaggan -m angavs inte."
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte förälder %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "Huvudlinje angavs, men incheckningen %s är inte en sammanslagning"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta incheckningsmeddelande för %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:627
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte ångra %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tillämpa %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:664
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "den angivna uppsättningen incheckningar är tom"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:672
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades läsa indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:677
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades uppdatera indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "kan inte %s under en %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:757
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka rad %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:762
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar lästes."
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:779
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:786
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Oanvändbart manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:814
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig nyckel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt värde för %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Trasigt manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:850
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "en \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår redan"
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "testa \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa \"sequencer\"-katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:871 sequencer.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:890 sequencer.c:1024
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "ingen \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår"
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:892
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "kan inte bestämma HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:894
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "kan inte avbryta från en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:916 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:919
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:920
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "oväntat filslut"
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "sparad HEAD-fil från före \"cherry-pick\", \"%s\", är trasig"
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte formatera %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" på typen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1095
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: felaktig revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1129
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Kan inte ångra som första incheckning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" i ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git skapar normalt aldrig referenser som slutar med 40 hexadecimala\n"
+"tecken, då detta ignoreras när du anger 40-hex enbart. Dessa\n"
+"referenser kan skapas av misstag. Till exempel, för\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"där \"$br\" på något sätt blivit tomt och en 40-hex-referens skapats.\n"
+"Undersök referenserna och ta kanske bort dem. Stäng av meddelandet\n"
+"genom att köra \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1097
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD pekar inte på en gren"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1100
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "Okänd gren: \"%s\""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för grenen \"%s\""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1106
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr "Uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
@@ -1019,307 +1239,387 @@ msgstr "Uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\": %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\""
+
+#: wrapper.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte slå upp aktuell användare i passwd-filen: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:441
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "okänd användare"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:141
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Ej sammanslagna sökvägar:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:168 wt-status.c:195
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git reset %s <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:170 wt-status.c:197
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rm --cached <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:174
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:180
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" som lämpligt för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:178
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rm <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:189
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Ändringar att checka in:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:207
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "Ändringar ej i incheckningskön:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:211
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:214
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git checkout -- <fil>...\" för att förkasta ändringar i "
 "arbetskatalogen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (checka in eller förkasta ospårat eller ändrat innehåll i undermoduler)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i det som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:245
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "borttaget av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "tillagt av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "borttaget av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "tillagt av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "borttaget av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "tillagt av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "ändrat av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:286
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "nya incheckningar, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:288
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "ändrat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:290
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "ospårat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:307
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "ny fil:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopierad:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "borttagen:  %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "ändrad:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "namnbyte:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "typbyte:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "okänd:      %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "osammansl.: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "programfel: diff-status %c ej hanterad"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:803
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "Du har ej sammanslagna sökvägar."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:806
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör \"git commit\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:809
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "Alla konflikter har rättats men du är fortfarande i en sammanslagning."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:812
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra sammanslagningen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:822
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en körning av \"git am\"."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:825
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Aktuell patch är tom."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:831
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git am --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:833
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git am --abort\" för att återställa ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på att ombasera grenen \"%s\" ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "Du håller på med en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:901
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:903
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:905
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --abort\" för att checka ut ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:918
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning i en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:930
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (Så fort din arbetskatalog är ren, kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att redigera en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Du håller på att redigera en incheckning under en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:942
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git commit --amend\" för att lägga till på aktuell incheckning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:944
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --continue\" när du är nöjd med dina ändringar)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:954
 msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
 msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\"."
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git cherry-pick --abort\" för att avbryta \"cherry-pick\"-"
+"operationen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med att ångra incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:977
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git revert --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:982
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git revert --abort\" för att avbryta ångrandet)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\", startad från grenen \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:997
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\"."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1000
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git bisect reset\" för att komma tillbaka till ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "PÃ¥ grenen "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1180
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "ombasering pågår; ovanpå"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1187
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad vid "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad från "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1192
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren för närvarande."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1209
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Första incheckning"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1223
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr "Ospårade filer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1225
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr "Ignorerade filer"
 
+#: wt-status.c:1229
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna upp ospårade filer. \"status -uno\"\n"
+"kan gå snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så du inte glömmer\n"
+"lägga till nya filer själv (se \"git help status\")."
+
 # %s är nästa sträng eller tom.
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1235
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Ospårade filer visas ej%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1237
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr " (använd flaggan -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1243
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 "inga ändringar att checka in (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a"
 "\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1254
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
@@ -1328,213 +1628,280 @@ msgstr ""
 "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns (spåra med \"git add"
 "\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1260
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in (skapa/kopiera filer och spåra med \"git add\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1263 wt-status.c:1268
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1266
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1270
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in, arbetskatalogen ren\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1378
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (ingen gren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1384
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Första incheckning på "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1399
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "efter "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1402 wt-status.c:1405
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "före "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1407
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", efter "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git add [flaggor] [--] <filmönster>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Beteendet för \"git add %s (eller %s)\" utan sökvägsargument från en\n"
+"underkatalog i ett träd kommer ändras i Git 2.0 och bör inte längre "
+"användas.\n"
+"För att lägga till innehållet för hela trädet, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (eller git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"För att begränsa kommandot till aktuell katalog, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (eller git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"I nuvarande version av Git begränsas kommandot till aktuell katalog.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du körde \"git add\" utan varken \"-A (--all)\" eller \"--ignore-removal\".\n"
+"Beteendet kommer ändras i Git 2.0 vad gäller sökvägar du tagit bort.\n"
+"Sökvägar som \"%s\", som har\n"
+"tagits bort från din arbetskatalog ignoreras i den här versionen av Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --ignore-removal <sökväg>\", som är förvalet just nu,\n"
+"  ignorerar sökvägar du har tagit bort från arbetskatalogen.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --all <sökväg>\" låter dig även registrera borttagningarna.\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git status\" för att kontrollera sökvägarna du tagit bort från\n"
+"arbetskatalogen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "diff-status %c förväntades inte"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:231
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:252
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades uppdatera filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "ta bort \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Sökvägen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "Ospårade ändringar efter att ha uppdaterat indexet:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:275
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:573 builtin/rm.c:337
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "\"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:354
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva patch"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Tom patch. Avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:367
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:377
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr "Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:206
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:451 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:268
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr "testkörning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1160
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1483
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:395 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1573 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "var pratsam"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:397
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr "plocka interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1031 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:398 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/reset.c:261
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
 msgstr "välj stycken interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr "redigera aktuell diff och applicera"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:400
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr "tillåt lägga till annars ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:401
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr "uppdatera spårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:402
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr "registrera endast att sökvägen kommer läggas till senare"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:403
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "lägg till ändringar från alla spårade och ospårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:406
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorera sökvägar borttagna i arbetskatalogen (samma som --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr "lägg inte till, uppdatera endast indexet"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:409
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr "hoppa bara över filer som inte kan läggas till på grund av fel"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:410
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr "se om - även saknade - filer ignoreras i testkörning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till dem.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:433
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "inga filer har lagts till"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:439
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades lägga till filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:478
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A och -u är ömsesidigt inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:496
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "Flaggan --ignore-missing kan endast användas tillsammans med --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Inget angivet, inget tillagt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "Kanske menade du att skriva \"git add .\"?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:291 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:235
+#: builtin/add.c:533 builtin/check-ignore.c:161 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:312 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:297
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "indexfilen trasig"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
+#: builtin/add.c:605 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
@@ -1587,17 +1954,17 @@ msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande gammalt filnamn på rad %d"
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount: förväntade rad: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "patch-fragment utan huvud på rad %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1613,82 +1980,78 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "sökvägskomponenter\n"
 "tas bort (rad %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "ny fil beror på gammalt innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "borttagen fil har fortfarande innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "trasig patch på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "nya filen %s beror på gammalt innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "borttagna filen %s har fortfarande innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** varning: filen %s blir tom men har inte tagits bort"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "trasig binärpatch på rad %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "binärpatchen på rad %d känns inte igen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "patch med bara skräp på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa symboliska länken %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "hoppsan"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "felaktig inledning på rad: \"%c\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rad)."
 msgstr[1] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rader)."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Sammanhang reducerat till (%ld/%ld) för att tillämpa fragment vid %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1697,318 +2060,318 @@ msgstr ""
 "vid sökning efter:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "saknar binära patchdata för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "binärpatchen kan inte tillämpas på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr "binärpatchen på \"%s\" ger felaktigt resultat (förväntade %s, fick %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "patch misslyckades: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "kan inte checka ut %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "sökvägen %s har ändrat namn/tagits bort"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s: finns inte i indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s: motsvarar inte indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "patch för borttagning lämnar kvar filinnehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: fel typ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s har typen %o, förväntade %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s: finns redan i indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s: finns redan i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o) för %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: patchen kan inte tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Kontrollerar patchen %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "kan inte ta bort %s från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "trasig patch för underprojektet %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "trasig patch för undermodulen %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta status på nyligen skapade filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "kan inte skapa säkerhetsminne för nyligen skapade filen %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "kan inte lägga till cachepost för %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "stänger filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "kan inte skriva filen \"%s\" läge %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Tillämpade patchen %s rent."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "internt fel"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserad..."
 msgstr[1] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserade..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "trunkerar .rej-filnamnet till %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Stycke %d tillämpades rent."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "Refuserar stycke %d."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "indata känns inte igen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa indexfilen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:91
 #: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "tillämpa inte ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "tillämpa ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "antal"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr "ta bort <antal> inledande snedstreck från traditionella diff-sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "ignorera tillägg gjorda av patchen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut diffstat för indata"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr "visa antal tillagda och borttagna rader decimalt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut en summering av indata"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, se om patchen kan tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "se till att patchen kan tillämpas på aktuellt index"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "tillämpa en patch utan att röra arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "tillämpa också patchen (använd med --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "försök en trevägssammanslagning om patchen inte kan tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr "bygg ett temporärt index baserat på inbyggd indexinformation"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:462
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med NUL-tecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "se till att åtminstone <n> rader sammanhang är lika"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "åtgärd"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "detektera nya eller ändrade rader som har fel i blanktecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "ignorera ändringar i blanktecken för sammanhang"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "tillämpa patchen baklänges"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "förvänta inte minst en rad sammanhang"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "lämna refuserade stycken i motsvarande *.rej-filer"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "tillåt överlappande stycken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "tolerera felaktigt detekterade saknade nyradstecken vid filslut"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "lite inte på antalet linjer i styckehuvuden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "rot"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "lägg till <rot> i alla filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna patchen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
 msgstr[1] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -2032,21 +2395,21 @@ msgstr "git archive: Fjärr utan URL"
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade ACK/NAK, fick EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "fjärrfel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: protokollfel"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade en tömning (flush)"
 
@@ -2062,123 +2425,123 @@ msgstr "utför 'git bisect next'"
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
 msgstr "uppdatera BISECT_HEAD istället för att checka ut aktuell incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:26
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr "git blame [flaggor] [rev-flaggor] [rev] [--] fil"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:31
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr "[rev-flaggor] dokumenteras i git-rev-list(1)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2276
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr "Visa klandringsposter när vi hittar dem, interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2277
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa blank SHA-1 för gränsincheckningar (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2278
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Behandla inte rotincheckningar som gränser (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2279
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr "Visa statistik över arbetskostnad"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2280
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr "Visa utdatapoäng för klandringsposter"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2281
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr "Visa originalfilnamn (Standard: auto)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2282
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa ursprungligt radnummer (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2283
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr "Visa i ett format avsett för maskinkonsumtion"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2284
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr "Visa porslinsformat med per-rad-incheckningsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2285
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Använd samma utdataläge som git-annotate (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2286
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa rå tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2287
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa lång inchecknings-SHA1 (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2288
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Undertryck författarnamn och tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2289
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa författarens e-post istället för namn (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2290
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2291
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr "Slösa extra cykler med att hitta bättre träff"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2292
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr "Använd revisioner från <fil> istället för att anropa git-rev-list"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr "Använd <fil>s innehåll som slutgiltig bild"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392 builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294 builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "score"
 msgstr "poäng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr "Hitta kopierade rader inuti och mellan filer"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr "Hitta flyttade rader inuti och mellan filer"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr "Behandla endast radintervallet n,m, med början på 1"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-l] [-f] <grennamn> [<startpunkt>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r] (-d | -D) <grennamn>..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] (-m | -M) [<gammal_gren>] <ny_gren>"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -2187,7 +2550,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "tar bort grenen \"%s\" som har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", men ännu inte slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -2196,12 +2559,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "tar inte bort grenen \"%s\" som inte har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", trots att den har slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:167
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -2210,253 +2573,332 @@ msgstr ""
 "Grenen \"%s\" har inte slagits samman i sin helhet.\n"
 "Om du är säker på att du vill ta bort den, kör \"git branch -D %s\"."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:208
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:222
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "fjärrgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:236
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:250
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av fjärrgrenen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:251
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av grenen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Tog bort fjärrgrenen %s (var %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:259
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Tog bort grenen %s (var %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:361
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" pekar inte på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:433
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:435
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:439
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: före %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:441
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[före %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:444
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: före %d, bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:447
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[före %d, bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:560
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ogiltig ref ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, ombaserar %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, \"bisect\" startad på %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(frånkopplad från %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(ingen gren)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" pekar på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "vissa referenser kunde inte läsas"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 "kunde inte byta namn på aktuell gren när du inte befinner dig på någon."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt namn på gren: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:663
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades byta namn på gren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:667
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "Bytte bort namn på en felaktigt namngiven gren \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:671
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt till %s, men HEAD har inte uppdaterats!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:678
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt, men misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfilen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:693
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:717
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:749
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr "visa hash och ärenderad, ange två gånger för uppströmsgren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:750
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr "undertryck informationsmeddelanden"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr "ställ in spårningsläge (se git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:753
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr "använd färgad utdata"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "arbeta på fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761 builtin/branch.c:767 builtin/branch.c:788
-#: builtin/branch.c:794 builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/commit.c:1377
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1433 builtin/commit.c:1434
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435 builtin/commit.c:1436 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762 builtin/branch.c:768
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr "visa endast grenar som innehåller incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:774
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr "Specifika git-branch-åtgärder:"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "visa både fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:777
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr "ta bort helt sammanslagen gren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:778
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr "ta bort gren (även om inte helt sammanslagen)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:779
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren och dess reflogg"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:780
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren, även om målet finns"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:781
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr "lista namn på grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:782
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr "skapa grenens reflogg"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:784
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr "redigera beskrivning för grenen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:785
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr "tvinga skapande (när den redan finns)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr "visa endast ej sammanslagna grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:794
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:798
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr "visa grenar i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:811
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Misslyckades slå upp HEAD som giltig referens"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:816 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:630
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD hittades inte under refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:836
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column och --verbose är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:887
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "grennamn krävs"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte beskriva frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "kan inte redigera beskrivning för mer än en gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar på grenen \"%s\" ännu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Ingen gren vid namnet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "för många grenar för namnbyte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att byta uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte sätta uppström för HEAD till %s när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" finns inte"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:899
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att ta bort uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte ta bort uppström för HEAD när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" har ingen uppströmsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:914
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"HEAD\" manuellt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 "flaggorna -a och -r på \"git branch\" kan inte anges tillsammans med ett "
 "grennamn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:917
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
@@ -2465,7 +2907,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Flaggan --set-upstream rekommenderas ej och kommer tas bort. Använd --track "
 "eller --set-upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:934
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2476,12 +2918,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Om du vill göra så att \"%s\" spårar \"%s\" gör du så här:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:935
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:936
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
@@ -2499,43 +2941,43 @@ msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att skapa ett paket (bundle)."
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att packa upp ett paket (bundle)."
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:285
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<typ>|--textconv) <objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:286
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <objektlista>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:323
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr "<typ> kan vara en av: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:324
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr "visa objekttyp"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:325
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr "visa objektstorlek"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr "avsluta med noll när det inte uppstått något fel"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:328
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr "visa objektets innehåll snyggt"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:330
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr "för blob-objekt, kör textconv på objektets innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:332
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "visa information och innehåll för objekt som listas på standard in"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:335
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "visa information för objekt som listas på standard in"
 
@@ -2555,14 +2997,63 @@ msgstr "visa alla attribut som satts på filen"
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr "använd .gitattributes endast från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr "läs filnamn från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
 msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
 msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
 
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1054 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "visa indatasökvägar som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:143
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "kan inte ange sökvägsnamn med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z kan endast användas tillsammans med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:148
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "ingen sökväg angavs"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:152
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet kan endast användas med ett enkelt sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "kan inte använda både --quiet och --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching är endast giltig med --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [flaggor] <kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "läs även kontakter från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka kontakt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "inga kontakter angavs"
+
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git checkout-index [flaggor] [--] [<fil>...]"
@@ -2615,106 +3106,106 @@ msgstr "git checkout [flaggor] <gren>"
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr "git checkout [flaggor] [<gren>] -- <fil>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte vår version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte deras version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte alla nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "sökväg \"%s\": kan inte slå ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till sammanslagningsresultat för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid uppdatering av sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "indexfilen är trasig"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte slagits ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "du måste lösa ditt befintliga index först"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Kan inte skapa referenslog för \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Återställ gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:649
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Redan på \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till och nollställde grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618 builtin/checkout.c:955
+#: builtin/checkout.c:655 builtin/checkout.c:997
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till en ny gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:657
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... och %d till.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:719
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2737,7 +3228,7 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2752,136 +3243,136 @@ msgstr ""
 " git branch nytt_grennamn %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:767
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "internt fel vid genomgång av revisioner (revision walk)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:771
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Tidigare position för HEAD var"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:798 builtin/checkout.c:992
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Du är på en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig referens: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "referensen är inte ett träd: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "sökvägar kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:967 builtin/checkout.c:971
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/checkout.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:978 builtin/checkout.c:983
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1017 builtin/checkout.c:1020 builtin/checkout.c:1025
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte växla gren till icke-incheckningen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013 builtin/checkout.c:1015 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1055 builtin/checkout.c:1057 builtin/clone.c:89
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr "gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr "skapa och checka ut en ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr "skapa/nollställ och checka ut en gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr "skapa reflogg för ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr "sätt uppströmsinformation för ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr "ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr "ny gren utan förälder"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1022
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checka ut vår version för ej sammanslagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checka ut deras version för ej sammanslagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr "tvinga utcheckning (kasta bort lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr "utför en 3-vägssammanslagning för den nya grenen"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr "uppdatera ignorerade filer (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1029 builtin/log.c:1116 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071 builtin/log.c:1208 parse-options.h:249
 msgid "style"
 msgstr "stil"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1072
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr "konfliktstil (merge eller diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1075
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "begränsa inte sökvägar till endast glesa poster"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 msgstr "förutspå \"git checkout gren-saknas\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1057
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1101
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
 msgstr "-b, -B och --orphan är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1074
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1118
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track behöver ett namn på en gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Grennamn saknas; försök med -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "felaktig sökvägsangivelse"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1123
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1167
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
@@ -2890,12 +3381,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt.\n"
 "Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en utcheckning?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1172
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1132
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1176
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
@@ -2903,90 +3394,193 @@ msgstr ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force och --merge är inkompatibla när\n"
 "du checkar ut från indexet."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] "
+"<sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Hoppar över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle hoppa över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:293
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en numrerad post\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"           - (tomt) markera ingenting"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:297
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
 msgstr ""
-"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] <sökvägar>..."
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en ensam post\n"
+"3-5        - markera ett intervall med poster\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - markera flera intervall\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"-...       - avmarkera specifika poster\n"
+"*          - välj alla poster\n"
+"           - (tomt) avsluta markering"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Vadå (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ange ignoreringsmönster>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "VARNING: Hittar inte poster som motsvarar: %s"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
+#: builtin/clean.c:716
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Välj poster att ta bort"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "ta bort %s?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:781
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Hej då."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:789
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - börja städa\n"
+"filter by pattern   - uteslut poster från borttagning\n"
+"select by numbers   - markera poster som ska tas bort med siffror\n"
+"ask each            - bekräfta varje borttagning (som \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - sluta städa\n"
+"help                - denna skärm\n"
+"?                   - hjälp för kommandoval"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:816
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandon ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Vad nu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:825
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Skulle ta bort följande post:"
+msgstr[1] "Skulle ta bort följande poster:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:842
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Inga fler filer att städa, avslutar."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
 msgid "do not print names of files removed"
 msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
 msgid "force"
 msgstr "tvinga"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "städa interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
 msgid "remove whole directories"
 msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:717
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "pattern"
 msgstr "mönster"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
 msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
 msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
 msgid "remove ignored files, too"
 msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
 msgid "remove only ignored files"
 msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
 msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
+"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -i, -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
 "städa"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; "
-"vägrar städa"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true och varken -i, -n eller -f "
+"angavs; vägrar städa"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr "git clone [flaggor] [--] <arkiv> [<kat>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:462
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr "tvinga förloppsrapportering"
 
@@ -3046,7 +3640,7 @@ msgstr "checka ut <gren> istället för fjärrens HEAD"
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:661
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr "djup"
 
@@ -3074,119 +3668,155 @@ msgstr "nyckel=värde"
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr "ställ in konfiguration i det nya arkivet"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:253
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte en lokal katalog."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte ett lokalt arkiv."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:318 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s finns och är ingen katalog"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa länken \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades kopiera filen till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "klart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen lyckades, men utcheckningen misslyckades.\n"
+"Du kan inspektera det som checkades ut med \"git status\"\n"
+"och försöka checka ut igen med \"git checkout -f HEAD\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärrgrenen %s för att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Kontrollerar anslutning..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "fjärren sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "done\n"
+msgstr "klart\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:621
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "HEAD hos fjärren pekar på en obefintlig referens, kan inte checka ut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:652
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "kunde inte checka ut arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:760
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "För många argument."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Du måste ange ett arkiv att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --origin %s är inkompatibla."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --separate-git-dir är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:791
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "arkivet \"%s\" finns inte"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth ignoreras i lokala kloningar; använd file:// istället"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:798
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local ignoreras"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:808
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "destinationssökvägen \"%s\" finns redan och är inte en tom katalog."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "arbetsträdet \"%s\" finns redan."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:831 builtin/clone.c:843
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa inledande kataloger för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:834
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till ett naket arkiv \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Vet inte hur man klonar %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "Fjärrgrenen %s hittades inte i uppströmsarkivet %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:949
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Du verkar ha klonat ett tomt arkiv."
 
@@ -3222,15 +3852,15 @@ msgstr "Spaltfyllnad mellan spalter"
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command måste vara första argument"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git commit [flaggor] [--] <filmöster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:35
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git status [flaggor] [--] <filmönster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:40
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:45
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3255,7 +3885,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:57
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3265,109 +3895,127 @@ msgstr ""
 "blir den tom. Du kan köra kommandot på nytt med --allow-empty, eller\n"
 "så kan du ta bort incheckningen helt med \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:62
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Den tidigare \"cherry-pick\":en är nu tom, kanske på grund av en löst\n"
 "konflikt. Om du vill checka in den ändå använder du:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Annars använder du \"git reset\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:258
+#: builtin/commit.c:69
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Använd annars \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Om du vill hoppa över incheckningen, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"\"git cherry-pick --continue\" kommer därefter att återuppta\n"
+"cherry-pick för återstående incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:279
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "misslyckades packa upp HEAD:s trädobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:300
+#: builtin/commit.c:321
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:306
+#: builtin/commit.c:327
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktiv tilläggning misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:410
+#: builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:381 builtin/commit.c:431
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva filen new_index"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:393
+#: builtin/commit.c:414
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en cherry-pick."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:403
+#: builtin/commit.c:424
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:423
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:511 builtin/commit.c:517
+#: builtin/commit.c:535 builtin/commit.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig incheckning: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:540
+#: builtin/commit.c:563
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "felformad \"--author\"-flagga"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:560
+#: builtin/commit.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktig indragningssträng: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:598 builtin/commit.c:631 builtin/commit.c:954
+#: builtin/commit.c:621 builtin/commit.c:654 builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp incheckningen %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/shortlog.c:271
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(läser loggmeddelande från standard in)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:612
+#: builtin/commit.c:635
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa logg från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:616
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa loggfilen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:622
+#: builtin/commit.c:645
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "incheckningen har ett tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:661
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:642
+#: builtin/commit.c:665
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:646
+#: builtin/commit.c:669
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:707
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsmall"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3382,7 +4030,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:723
+#: builtin/commit.c:746
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3397,157 +4045,160 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:735
+#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter "
+"incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:740
+#: builtin/commit.c:763
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
 "Ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sFörfattare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:760
+#: builtin/commit.c:783
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sIncheckare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:780
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "Kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:817
+#: builtin/commit.c:845
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Fel vid byggande av träd"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:832 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:860 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Ange meddelandet en av flaggorna -m eller -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:929
+#: builtin/commit.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Hittade ingen befintlig författare med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:944 builtin/commit.c:1148
+#: builtin/commit.c:972 builtin/commit.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ogiltigt läge för ospårade filer: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:984
+#: builtin/commit.c:1009
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1039
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte använda både --reset-author och --author"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:995
+#: builtin/commit.c:1050
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Du har inget att utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning -- kan inte utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en cherry-pick -- kan inte utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1003
+#: builtin/commit.c:1058
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Flaggorna --squash och --fixup kan inte användas samtidigt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Endast en av -c/-C/-F/--fixup kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Flaggan -m kan inte kombineras med -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1023
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr "--reset-author kan endast användas med -C, -c eller --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 "Endast en av --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1097
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Du måste ange sökvägar tillsammans med --include/--only."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1099
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "Smart... utöka den senaste med smutsigt index."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1101
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "Explicita sökvägar angavs utan -i eller -o; antar --only sökvägar..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1111 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt städningsläge %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1061
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med -a."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1067 builtin/commit.c:1202
-msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
-msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1162 builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1222 builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "show status concisely"
-msgstr "vis koncis status"
+msgstr "visa koncis status"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1224 builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr "visa information om gren"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1226 builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr "maskinläsbar utdata"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169 builtin/commit.c:1404
+#: builtin/commit.c:1229 builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "show status in long format (default)"
 msgstr "visa status i långt format (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1172 builtin/commit.c:1407
+#: builtin/commit.c:1232 builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr "terminera poster med NUL"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1174 builtin/commit.c:1410 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1234 builtin/commit.c:1467 builtin/fast-export.c:667
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr "läge"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1175 builtin/commit.c:1410
+#: builtin/commit.c:1235 builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr "visa ospårade filer, valfria lägen: alla, normal, no. (Standard: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1238
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr "visa ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1179 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1239 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "när"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1180
+#: builtin/commit.c:1240
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
@@ -3555,217 +4206,217 @@ msgstr ""
 "ignorera ändringar i undermoduler, valfritt när: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1242
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr "visa ospårade filer i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1256
+#: builtin/commit.c:1313
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1258
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1299
+#: builtin/commit.c:1356
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "frånkopplad HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1301
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (rotincheckning)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1425
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr "undertryck sammanfattning efter framgångsrik incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1426
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr "visa diff i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1428
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningsmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1429 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr "läs meddelande från fil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "author"
 msgstr "författare"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr "överstyr författare för incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431 builtin/gc.c:178
 msgid "date"
 msgstr "datum"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr "överstyr datum för inchecknignen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr "meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr "återanvänd och redigera meddelande från angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1434
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr "återanvänd meddelande från angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att fixa angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1436
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att slå ihop med angiven "
 "incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1437
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr "jag är nu författare av incheckningen (används med -C/-c/--amend)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381 builtin/log.c:1073 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1438 builtin/log.c:1160 builtin/revert.c:111
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr "lägg till Signed-off-by:"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1439
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr "använd angiven mallfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1440
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr "tvinga redigering av incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "default"
 msgstr "standard"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr "hur blanksteg och #kommentarer skall tas bort från meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+#: builtin/commit.c:1442
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr "inkludera status i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1386 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr "nyckel-id"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1444 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr "GPG-signera incheckning"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1447
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningens innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1448
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr "checka in alla ändrade filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1449
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr "lägg till angivna filer till indexet för incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr "lägg till filer interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
+#: builtin/commit.c:1451
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr "lägg till ändringar interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr "checka endast in angivna filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr "förbigå pre-commit-krok"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1454
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr "visa vad som skulle checkas in"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1408
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr "lägg till föregående incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr "förbigå post-rewrite-krok"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr "ok att registrera en tom ändring"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr "ok att registrera en ändring med tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1449
+#: builtin/commit.c:1507
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka HEAD:s incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1545 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Trasig MERGE_HEAD-fil (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1559
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelande: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter incheckning; meddelandet inte redigerat.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter på grund av tomt incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:832 builtin/merge.c:857
+#: builtin/commit.c:1612 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1633
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte låsa HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1648
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3780,171 +4431,183 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr "git config [flaggor]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:51
+#: builtin/config.c:52
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr "Konfigurationsfilens plats"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:53
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr "använd global konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr "använd systemets konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr "använd arkivets konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr "använd angiven konfigurationsil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "läs konfiguration från givet blob-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Åtgärd"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
+#: builtin/config.c:59
 msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta värde: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:58
+#: builtin/config.c:60
 msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta alla värden: nyckel [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:59
+#: builtin/config.c:61
 msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta värden för reguttr: namn-reguttr [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:60
+#: builtin/config.c:62
 msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr "ersätt alla motsvarande variabler: namn värde [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:61
+#: builtin/config.c:63
 msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr "lägg till en ny variabel: namn värde"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:62
+#: builtin/config.c:64
 msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "ta bort en variabel: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:63
+#: builtin/config.c:65
 msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "ta bort alla träffar: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:64
+#: builtin/config.c:66
 msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr "byt namn på sektion: gammalt-namn nytt-namn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:65
+#: builtin/config.c:67
 msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr "ta bort en sektion: namn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:66
+#: builtin/config.c:68
 msgid "list all"
 msgstr "visa alla"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:67
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr "öppna textredigeringsprogram"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:70 builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr "plats"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr "hitta den inställda färgen: [default]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr "hitta färginställningen: [stdout-is-tty]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr "Typ"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr "värdet är \"true\" eller \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr "värdet är ett decimalt tal"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr "värdet är --bool eller --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr "värdet är en sökväg (fil- eller katalognamn)"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr "Andra"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr "terminera värden med NUL-byte"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr "respektera inkluderingsdirektiv vid uppslag"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr "git describe [flaggor] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s inte tillgänglig"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s har inget inbäddat namn"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" är i verkligheten \"%s\" här"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s är inte ett giltigt \"%s\"-objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "ingen tagg motsvarar \"%s\" exakt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "söker för att beskriva %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "avslutade sökning på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -3953,7 +4616,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inga annoterade taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Det finns dock oannoterade taggar: testa --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -3962,12 +4625,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inga taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Testa --always, eller skapa några taggar."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "traverserade %lu incheckningar\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -3976,92 +4639,91 @@ msgstr ""
 "mer än %i taggar hittades; listar de %i senaste\n"
 "gav upp sökningen vid %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr "hitta taggen som kommer efter incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr "felsök sökstrategin på standard fel"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "använd alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "använd alla taggar, även oannoterade"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr "använd alltid långt format"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "följ endast första föräldern"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr "skriv endast ut exakta träffar"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
 msgstr "överväg de <n> nyaste taggarna (standard: 10)"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "överväg endast taggar som motsvarar <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
 msgstr "visa förkortade incheckningsobjekt som standard"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr "märke"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr "lägg till <märke> på lortigt arbetsträd (standard: \"-dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long är inkompatibel med --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"committish\"-värden"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"commit-ish\"-värden"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "\"%s\": inte en normal fil eller symbolisk länk"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:228
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "ogiltig flagga: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:305
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Inte ett git-arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "objektet \"%s\" som angavs är felaktigt."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:363
+#: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "mer än två blobbar angavs: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:371
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
@@ -4070,39 +4732,39 @@ msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-flaggor]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr "visa förlopp efter <n> objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr "välj hantering av signerade taggar"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:671
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr "välj hantering av taggar som har taggfiltrerade objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr "Dump märken till filen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:676
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr "Importera märken från filen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr "Fejka taggare när taggen saknar en"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:680
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr "Skriv ut hela trädet för varje incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr "Använd done-funktionen för att avsluta strömmen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr "Hoppa över skrivning av blob-data"
 
@@ -4174,88 +4836,92 @@ msgstr "tillåt uppdatering av HEAD-referens"
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr "fördjupa historik för grund klon"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertera till komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr "kat"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr "lägg till i början av undermodulens sökvägsutdata"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr "standardläge för rekursion"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:220
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärr-referensen HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "objektet %s hittades inte"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:278
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[àjour]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kan inte hämta i aktuell gren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:293 builtin/fetch.c:379
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[refuserad]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:304
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[uppdaterad tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:306 builtin/fetch.c:341 builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:324
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[ny tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:327
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[ny gren]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:330
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ny ref]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "tvingad uppdatering"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:381
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(ej snabbspolad)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:412 builtin/fetch.c:718
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Från %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -4264,55 +4930,55 @@ msgstr ""
 "vissa lokala referenser kunde inte uppdateras; testa att köra\n"
 " \"git remote prune %s\" för att ta bort gamla grenar som står i konflikt"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:589
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[borttagen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:590 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(ingen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "Vägrar hämta till aktuell gren %s i ett icke-naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:742
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" och värdet \"%s\" är inte giltigt för %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:826
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" ignoreras för %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Hämtar %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:930 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:949
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -4320,24 +4986,32 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inget fjärrarkiv angavs. Ange antingen en URL eller namnet på ett\n"
 "fjärrarkiv som nya incheckningar skall hämtas från."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:969
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Du måste ange namnet på en tagg."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth och --unshallow kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1017
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow kan inte användas på ett komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1036
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all tar inte namnet på ett arkiv som argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1038
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "fetch --all kan inte anges med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "Fjärren eller fjärrgruppen finns inte: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1057
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta från grupp och ange referensspecifikationer"
 
@@ -4346,29 +5020,29 @@ msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
 "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <meddelande>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <fil>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:701
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:175
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:700
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:179
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:243
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr "fyll i loggen med som mest <n> poster från shortlog"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr "alias för --log (avråds)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr "text"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr "inled meddelande med <text>"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr "fil att läsa från"
 
@@ -4507,225 +5181,220 @@ msgstr "git grep [flaggor] [-e] <mönster> [<rev>...] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: misslyckades skapa tråd. %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#: builtin/grep.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte byta katalog (chdir): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#: builtin/grep.c:442 builtin/grep.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa träd (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#: builtin/grep.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte \"grep\" från objekt av typen %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#: builtin/grep.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"%c\" antar ett numeriskt värde"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#: builtin/grep.c:567
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:643
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr "sök i indexet istället för i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:645
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr "sök i innehål som inte hanteras av git"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:647
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "sök i både spårade och ospårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:649
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr "sök även i ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:652
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
-msgstr "vis rader som inte träffas"
+msgstr "visa rader som inte träffas"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr "skiftlägesokänslig sökning"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:656
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr "matcha endast mönster vid ordgränser"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:658
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr "hantera binärfiler som text"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:660
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr "träffa inte mönster i binärfiler"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:663
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr "gå som mest ned <djup> nivåer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr "använd utökade POSIX-reguljära uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:670
+#: builtin/grep.c:669
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr "använd grundläggande POSIX-reguljära uttryck (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:673
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr "tolka mönster som fixerade strängar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:676
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr "använd Perlkompatibla reguljära uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:679
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr "visa radnummer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:680
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr "visa inte filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:681
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr "visa filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:683
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr "visa filnamn relativa till toppkatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:685
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "visa endast filnamn istället för träffade rader"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:687
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr "synonym för --files-with-matches"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:690
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr "visa endast namn på filer utan träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:692
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr "skriv NUL efter filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:694
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "visa antal träffar istället för träffade rader"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:695
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr "ljusmarkera träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:697
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr "skriv tomma rader mellan träffar från olika filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:699
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr "visa filnamn endast en gång ovanför träffar från samma fil"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/grep.c:701
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före och efter träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:705
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:707
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang efter träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:708
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr "genväg för -C NUM"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:711
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr "visa en rad med funktionsnamnet före träffen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:713
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr "visa den omkringliggande funktionen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr "läs mönster från fil"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr "träffa <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:720
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr "kombinera mönster som anges med -e"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr "ange träff med slutstatuskod utan utdata"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr "visa endast träffar från filer som träffar alla mönster"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:736
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
 msgstr "visa analysträd för grep-uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr "bläddrare"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr "visa träffade filer i filbläddraren"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
+#: builtin/grep.c:742
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr "tillåt anropa grep(1) (ignoreras av detta bygge)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/grep.c:743 builtin/show-ref.c:188
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr "visa användning"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:811
+#: builtin/grep.c:810
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "inget mönster angavs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:866
+#: builtin/grep.c:865
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager fungerar endast i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached och --untracked kan inte användas med --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:894
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr "--no-index och --untracked kan inte användas med revisioner."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:897
+#: builtin/grep.c:896
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard kan inte användas för spårat innehåll."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:905
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "både --cached och träd angavs."
 
@@ -4765,50 +5434,54 @@ msgstr "spara filen som den är utan filer"
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr "hantera filen som om den kom från sökvägen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr "visa alla tillgängliga kommandon"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "lista användbara vägledningar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr "visa manualsida"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr "visa manual i webbläsare"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr "visa info-sida"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [kommando]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [kommando]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "okänt hjälpformat: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Misslyckades starta emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka emacsclient-version."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "emacsclient version \"%d\" för gammal (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "exec misslyckades för \"%s\": %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4817,7 +5490,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\"%s\": sökväg för man-visare som ej stöds.\n"
 "Använd \"man.<verktyg>.cmd\" istället."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4826,307 +5499,335 @@ msgstr ""
 "\"%s\": kommando för man-visare som stöds.\n"
 "Använd \"man.<verktyg>.path\" istället."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "\"%s\": okänd man-visare."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "ingen man-visare hanterade förfrågan"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "ingen info-visare hanterade förfrågan"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definierar attribut per sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "En Git-ordlista"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Ange avsiktligen ospårade filer att ignorera"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Ange egenskaper för undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Ange versioner och intervall i Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Introduktion till Git (för version 1.5.1 och senare)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Översikt över rekommenderade arbetsflöden med Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "De vanliga Git-vägledningarna är:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "användning: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "\"git %s\" är ett alias för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "objekttyp stämmer inte överens vid %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "objekt av oväntad typ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
 msgstr[1] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "tidigt filslut"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "indataläsfel"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "använde fler byte än tillgängligt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "paket för stort för nuvarande definition av off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna paketfilen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "paketsignatur stämmer inte överens"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr "paketversion %<PRIu32> stöds ej"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "paketet har felaktigt objekt vid index %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "inflate returnerade %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "indexvärdespill för deltabasobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "deltabasindex utanför gränsen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "okänd objekttyp %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "kan inte utföra \"pread\" på paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
 msgstr[1] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "allvarlig inflate-inkonsekvens"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SHA1-KOLLISION UPPTÄCKT VID %s !"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa befintligt objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "ogiltigt blob-objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "ogiltigt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Fel i objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Inte alla barnobjekt för %s kan nås"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:838 builtin/index-pack.c:868
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "misslyckades tillämpa delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Tar emot objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Skapar index för objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "paketet är trasigt (SHA1 stämmer inte)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1040
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "kan inte utföra \"fstat\" på paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1043
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "paket har skräp i slutet"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett i parse_pack_objects()"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Analyserar delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1087
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa tråd: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1129
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr "slutfördes med %d lokala objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr "Oväntad svanschecksumma för %s (trasig disk?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "paketet har %d oanalyserat delta"
 msgstr[1] "paketet har %d oanalyserade delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1176
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "kunde inte utföra \"deflate\" på tillagt objekt (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1255
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "lokalt objekt %s är trasigt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1279
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "fel vid stängning av paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1292
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta skriva \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1300
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "akn inte stänga skriven \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1313
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "kan inte spara paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1324
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "kan inte spara indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr "felaktig pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1363
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr "trådstöd saknas, ignorerar %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paketfil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintligt paket-idx-fil för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1474
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
 msgstr[1] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
 msgstr[1] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1509
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Kan inte gå tillbaka till arbetskatalogen (cwd)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1557 builtin/index-pack.c:1560
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1572 builtin/index-pack.c:1576
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "felaktig %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1590
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin kan inte användas med --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "paketfilnamnet \"%s\" slutar inte med \".pack\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1613
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "--verify angavs utan paketfilnamn"
 
@@ -5262,7 +5963,7 @@ msgstr "behörigheter"
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr "ange att git-arkivet skall delas bland flera användare"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr "var tyst"
 
@@ -5294,244 +5995,260 @@ msgstr "Kan inte komma åt aktuell arbetskatalog"
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte komma åt arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<sedan>..<till>] [[--] <sökväg>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
 msgstr "     eller: git show [flaggor] <objekt>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:124
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr "undertryck diff-utdata"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr "visa källkod"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Använd e-postmappningsfil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr "dekoreringsflaggor"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Slututdata: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:405 builtin/log.c:497
+#: builtin/log.c:453 builtin/log.c:545
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:521
+#: builtin/log.c:569
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Okänd typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:669
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers utan värde"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:751
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "namnet på utdatakatalogen är för långt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna patchfilen %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:712
+#: builtin/log.c:781
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Behöver precis ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:720
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Inte ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:794
+#: builtin/log.c:891
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Omslagsbrevet behöver e-postformat"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:867
+#: builtin/log.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "tokigt in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:895
+#: builtin/log.c:995
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr "git format-patch [flaggor] [<sedan> | <revisionsintervall>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:940
+#: builtin/log.c:1040
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Två utdatakataloger?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1068
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr "använd [PATCH n/m] även för en ensam patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1071
+#: builtin/log.c:1158
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr "använd [PATCH] även för flera patchar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr "skriv patcharna på stnadard ut"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1077
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr "generera ett följebrev"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1079
+#: builtin/log.c:1166
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr "använd enkel nummersekvens för utdatafilnamn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1167
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr "sfx"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1081
+#: builtin/log.c:1168
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr "använd <sfx> istället för \".patch\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1170
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr "börja numrera patchar på <n> istället för 1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1085
+#: builtin/log.c:1172
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "markera serien som N:te försök"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1174
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr "Använd [<prefix>] istället för [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr "spara filerna i <katalog>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1180
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr "ta inte bort eller lägg till [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1094
+#: builtin/log.c:1183
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr "skriv inte binära diffar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1185
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr "ta inte med patchar som motsvarar en uppströmsincheckning"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr "visa patchformat istället för standard (patch + stat)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr "E-post"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1101
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "header"
 msgstr "huvud"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1191
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr "lägg till e-posthuvud"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103 builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1192 builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "email"
 msgstr "epost"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr "Lägg till mottagarhuvud (\"To:\")"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr "Lägg till kopiehuvud (\"Cc:\")"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1196
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "sätt Från-adress till <ident> (eller incheckare om ident saknas)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr "meddelande-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr "Gör det första brevet ett svar till <meddelande-id>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1109 builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1201 builtin/log.c:1204
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr "gräns"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1110
+#: builtin/log.c:1202
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr "bifoga patchen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1113
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr "gör patchen ett inline-objekt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr "aktivera brevtrådning, typer: shallow, deep"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1119
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr "signatur"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1120
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr "lägg till signatur"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1122
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr "visa inte filnamn för patchar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1163
+#: builtin/log.c:1288
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig ident-rad: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1303
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1305
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1218
+#: builtin/log.c:1313
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-only"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1220
+#: builtin/log.c:1315
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-status"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1222
+#: builtin/log.c:1317
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --check"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1245
+#: builtin/log.c:1340
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "standard ut, eller katalog, vilken skall det vara?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1247
+#: builtin/log.c:1342
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1400
+#: builtin/log.c:1490
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Misslyckades skapa utdatafiler"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1449
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<uppström> [<huvud> [<gräns>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1504
+#: builtin/log.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta en spårad fjärrgren, ange <uppström> manuellt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1517 builtin/log.c:1519 builtin/log.c:1531
+#: builtin/log.c:1607 builtin/log.c:1609 builtin/log.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
@@ -5540,91 +6257,91 @@ msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-files [flaggor] [<fil>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr "identifiera filstatus med taggar"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr "använd små bokstäver för \"anta oförändrade\"-filer"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr "visa cachade filer i utdata (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr "visa borttagna filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr "visa modifierade filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr "visa andra filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr "visa ignorerade filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr "visa köat innehålls objektnamn i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr "visa filer i filsystemet som behöver tas bort"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr "visa endast namn för \"andra\" kataloger"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr "visa inte tomma kataloger"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr "visa ej sammanslagna filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr "visa \"resolve-undo\"-information"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr "hoppa över filer som motsvarar mönster"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:497
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr "exkludera mönster som läses från <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr "läs ytterligare per-katalog-exkluderingsmönster från <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr "lägg till git:s standardexkluderingar"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:505
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr "gör utdata relativ till projektets toppkatalog"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr "om en <fil> inte är indexet, betrakta det som ett fel"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:509
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr "träd-igt"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr "låtsas att sökvägar borttagna sedan <träd-igt> fortfarande finns"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:512
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr "visa felsökningsutdata"
 
@@ -5676,227 +6393,227 @@ msgstr "git merge [flaggor] <meddelande> HEAD <incheckning>"
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"m\" behöver ett värde"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta sammanslagningsstrategin \"%s\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Tillgängliga strategier är:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Tillgängliga skräddarsydda strategier är:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "visa inte en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "visa en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr "(synonym till --stat)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr ""
 "lägg till (som mest <n>) poster från shortlog till incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr "skapa en ensam incheckning istället för en sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr "utför en incheckning om sammanslagningen lyckades (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr "redigera meddelande innan incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr "avbryt om snabbspolning inte är möjlig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr "strategi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi att använda"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr "alternativ=värde"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr "alternativ för vald sammanslagningsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande för (icke snabbspolande) sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr "avbryt den pågående sammanslagningen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "kunde köra stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "inte ett giltigt objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (inget att platta till)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Tillplattningsincheckning -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Skriver SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Avslutar SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Inget sammanslagningsmeddelande -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" verkar inte peka på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig branch.%s.mergeoptions-sträng: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree misslyckades skriva ett träd"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:656
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Hanterar inte något annat än en sammanslagning av två huvuden."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:670
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Felaktig flagga för merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:684
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:773
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:782
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Checkar inte in sammanslagningen; använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra "
 "den.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för att förklara varför sammanslagningen\n"
 "är nödvändig, speciellt om den slår in en uppdaterad uppström i en\n"
 "temagren.\n"
 "\n"
-"Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
 "avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Tomt incheckningsmeddelande."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:824
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Underbart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Kunde inte slå ihop automatiskt; fixa konflikter och checka in resultatet.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:905
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:946
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:948
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen fjärr för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:950
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:955
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Ingen fjärrspårande gren för %s från %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1042 builtin/merge.c:1199
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1110
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "Det finns ingen sammanslagning att avbryta (MERGE_HEAD saknas)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1126 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5904,11 +6621,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1129 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1133
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5916,79 +6633,103 @@ msgstr ""
 "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1136
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --squash med --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1150
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "Ingen incheckning angiven och merge.defaultToUpstream är ej satt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1189
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan endast slå ihop en enda incheckning i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1192
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Stöder inte en tillplattningsincheckning på ett tomt huvud ännu"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1194
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "Icke-snabbspolad incheckning kan inte användas med ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1309
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en obetrodd GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en felaktig GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte någon GPG-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s har en korrekt GPG-signatur av %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterar %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1348
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker riktigt enkel sammanslagning i indexet...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1355
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nej.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1387
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Kan inte snabbspola, avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1410 builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Återspolar trädet till orört...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1414
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker sammanslagninsstrategin %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1480
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Ingen sammanslagningsstrategi hanterade sammanslagningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1482
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Sammanslagning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1491
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Använder %s för att förbereda lösning för hand.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1503
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6155,47 +6896,51 @@ msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s\n"
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades byta namn på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] <incheckning>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr "skriv endast namn (ingen SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr "använd endast taggar för att namnge incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "använd endast referenser som motsvarar <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr "lista alla incheckningar som kan nås alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr "läs från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
 msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
 msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar i indata (används internt)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] [list [<objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6203,12 +6948,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] add [-f] [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -"
 "C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] copy [-f] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6216,226 +6961,200 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] append [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -C) "
 "<objekt>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] edit [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] show [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategi> ] "
 "<anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] remove [<objekt>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [list [<objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes add [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes copy [<flaggor>] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<från-objekt> <till-objekt>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes append [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes edit [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes show [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "git notes merge [<flaggor>] <anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes remove [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes prune [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte starta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa utdata från \"show\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte avsluta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "Ange innehåll för anteckningen med antingen -m eller -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort anteckning för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Anteckningens innehåll har lämnats kvar i %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig referens."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Felaktig indatarad: \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades kopiera anteckningar från \"%s\" till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Inga anteckningar hittades för objektet %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll som sträng"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll i en fil"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr "objekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr "återanvänd och redigera angivet anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr "återanvänd angivet anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr "ersätt befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6444,24 +7163,24 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kan inte lägga till anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för "
 "objektet %s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Skriver över befintliga anteckningar för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr "läs objekt från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr "läs omskrivningsinställning för <kommando> (implicerar --stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "för få parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6470,12 +7189,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kan inte kopiera anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för objektet "
 "%s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Anteckningar på källobjektet %s saknas. Kan inte kopiera."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -6484,15 +7203,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "Flaggorna -m/-F/-c/-C rekommenderas inte för underkommandot \"edit\".\n"
 "Använd \"git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C\" istället.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr "Flaggor för sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
@@ -6500,46 +7219,46 @@ msgstr ""
 "läs konflikter i anteckningar med angiven strategi (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr "Checkar in ej sammanslagna anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 "färdigställ sammanslagning av anteckningar genom att checka in ej "
 "sammanslagna anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr "Avbryt lösning av sammanslagning av anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr "avbryt sammanslagning av anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objektet %s har ingen anteckning\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr "försök att ta bort icke-existerande anteckningar är inte ett fel"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr "läs objektnamn från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr "anteckningar-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "använd anteckningar från <anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Okänt underkommando: %s"
@@ -6775,7 +7494,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6790,7 +7509,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<namn-på-fjärrgren>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6803,12 +7522,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s har flera uppströmsgrenar, vägrar sända."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:142
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6819,7 +7538,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "aktuella grenen \"%s\", utan att tala om för mig vad som\n"
 "skall sändas för att uppdatera fjärrgrenen."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:165
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6853,26 +7572,26 @@ msgstr ""
 "liknande läget \"current\" istället för \"simple\" om du ibland använder\n"
 "äldre versioner av Git.)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:225
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Du angav inga referensspecifikationer att sända, och push.default är "
 "\"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:232
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på din befintliga gren är bakom\n"
-"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Slå ihop fjärrändringarna (t.ex. \"git pull\")\n"
-"innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex\n"
+"\"git pull ....\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:238
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6886,34 +7605,63 @@ msgstr ""
 "endast\n"
 "sända aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:244
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en gren som sänds in är bakom dess\n"
-"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och slå ihop fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
-"\"git pull\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
+"\"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:250
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då fjärren innehåller ändringar som du inte\n"
+"har lokalt. Det beror oftast på att ett annat arkiv har sänt in samma\n"
+"referenser. Det kan vara en idé att först integrera fjärrändringarna\n"
+"(t.ex. \"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forwards\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:257
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Uppdateringarna avvisades eftersom taggen redan finns på fjärren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:260
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte uppdatera en fjärr-referens som pekar på ett objekt som\n"
+"inte är en incheckning, eller uppdatera en fjärr-referens så att den\n"
+"pekar på något som inte är en incheckning, utan att använda flaggan\n"
+"\"--force\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Sänder till %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades sända vissa referenser till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "felaktigt arkiv \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:358
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -6934,79 +7682,87 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push <namn>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:373
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:374
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:379
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:380
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:385
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --mirror är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:445
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr "arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:446
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr "sänd alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:447
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr "spegla alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:449
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr "ta bort referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr "sänd taggar (kan inte användas med --all eller --mirror)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "tvinga uppdateringar"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "check"
 msgstr "kontrollera"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr "styr rekursiv insändning av undermoduler"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr "använd tunna paket"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:458 builtin/push.c:459
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr "program för att ta emot paket"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr "ställ in uppström för git pull/status"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:463
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr "ta bort lokalt borttagna referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:465
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-push-krok"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "sänd in saknade men relevanta taggar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:476
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete är imkompatibel med --all, --mirror och --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:478
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete kan inte användas utan referenser"
 
@@ -7020,70 +7776,80 @@ msgstr ""
 "[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
 "index-output=<fil>] (--empty | <träd-igt1> [<träd-igt2> [<träd-igt3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr "skriv resulterande index till <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr "töm bara indexet"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr "Sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr "utför en sammanslagning i tillägg till en läsning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning om sammanslagning på filnivå ej krävs"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
 msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning när det finns tillägg och borttagningar"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr "som -m, men kasta bort ej sammanslagna poster"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "<underkatalog>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "läs in trädet i indexet under <underkatalog>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr "uppdatera arbetskatalogen med resultatet från sammanslagningen"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr "tillåt explicit ignorerade filer att skrivas över"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr "kontrollera inte arbetskatalogen efter sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr "uppdatera inte indexet eller arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr "hoppa över att applicera filter för gles utcheckning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr "felsök unpack-trees"
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" för \"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:616 builtin/reflog.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
@@ -7617,12 +8383,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<incheckning>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git reset [-q] <incheckning> [--] <sökvägar>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <träd-igt> [--] <sökvägar>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr "git reset --patch [<incheckning>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<träd-igt>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7644,103 +8410,109 @@ msgstr "sammanslagning"
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "behåll"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Du har inte en giltig HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en %s återställning mitt i en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr "var tyst, rapportera endast fel"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:253
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD och index"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:254
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr "återställ endast HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:256 builtin/reset.c:258
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD, index och arbetskatalog"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:260
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD men behåll lokala ändringar"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig revision."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som ett giltigt träd."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:295
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:304
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "--mixed rekommenderas inte med sökvägar; använd \"git reset -- <sökvägar>\"."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Kan inte göra %s återställning med sökvägar."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s återställning tillåts inte i ett naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte återställa indexfilen till versionen \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:342
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<argument>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
 msgstr "behåll \"--\" sänt som argument"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr "sluta tolka efter första argument som inte är flagga"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7756,192 +8528,216 @@ msgstr ""
 "varianten."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git revert [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git revert <underkommando>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git cherry-pick [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git cherry-pick <underkommando>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71 builtin/revert.c:94
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s kan inte användas med %s"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "avsluta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "Ã¥teruppta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "avbryt revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr "checka inte in automatiskt"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:109
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr "redigera incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr "nummer på förälder"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:115
 msgid "option"
 msgstr "alternativ"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:116
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr "alternativ för sammanslagningsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr "lägg till incheckningsnamn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr "behåll incheckningar som börjar som tomma"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:130
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr "tillåt incheckningar med tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr "behåll redundanta, tomma incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:135
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:225
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:240
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:15
+#: builtin/rm.c:16
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr "git rm [flaggor] [--] <fil>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:64
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande undermodul (eller en av dess nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande undermoduler (eller en av deras nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:70
 msgid ""
-"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"\n"
 "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
-"katalog\n"
+"\n"
 "(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:174
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande fil har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande filer har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har köat ändringar som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD\n"
+"\n"
 "(använd -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:180
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
-"(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har ändringar köade i indexet:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:191
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har lokala ändringar\n"
+"\n"
 "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:207
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har lokala ändringar:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har lokala ändringar:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr "lista inte borttagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:208
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr "ta bara bort från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:209
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr "överstyr àjour-testet"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:210
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr "tillåt rekursiv borttagning"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:212
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr "avsluta med nollstatus även om inget träffades"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:283
+#: builtin/rm.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "tar inte bort \"%s\" rekursivt utan -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:322
+#: builtin/rm.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: kan inte ta bort %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr ""
-"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Författare saknas: %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:228
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr "sortera utdata enligt antal incheckningar per författare"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr "Undertryck beskrivningar, visa bara antal incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr "Visa e-postadress för varje författare"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr "Radbryt utdata"
 
@@ -7961,47 +8757,47 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<bas>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "visa fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "visa fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
 msgstr "färga \"*!+-\" enligt grenen"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr "visa <n> ytterligare incheckningar efter gemensam anfader"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr "synonym till more=-1"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr "undertyck namnsträngar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr "inkludera aktuell gren"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr "namnge incheckningar med deras objektnamn"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr "visa möjliga sammanslaningsbaser"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr "visa referenser som inte kan nås från någon annan referens"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr "visa incheckningar i topologisk ordning"
 
@@ -8014,14 +8810,14 @@ msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
 msgstr "visa sammanslagningar som endast kan nås från en spets"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sortera topologiskt, behåll datumordning när möjligt"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr "<n>[,<bas>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
 msgstr "visa <n> nyaste refloggposter med början på bas"
 
@@ -8037,35 +8833,35 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mönster] < reflista"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar (kan kombineras med huvuden)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr "visa endast huvuden (kan kombineras med taggar)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr "striktare referenskontroll, kräver exakt referenssökväg"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "visa HEAD-refrens, även när den skulle filtreras ut"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:178
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr "avreferera taggar till objekt-id"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr "visa SHA1-hash endast med <n> siffror"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr "visa inte resultat på standard ut (användbart med --verify)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr "visa referenser från standard in som inte finns i lokalt arkiv"
 
@@ -8146,170 +8942,164 @@ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte bekräfta taggen \"%s\""
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" ignoreras.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" ignoreras.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
-"# du vill.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
+"du vill.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "kunde inte signera taggen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva tagg-filen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "felaktig objekttyp"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tagghuvud för stort."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "inget taggmeddelande?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet har lämnats i %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "flaggan \"points-at\" behöver ett object"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr "lista taggnamn"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader från varje taggmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr "ta bort taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr "verifiera taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för att skapa taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr "annoterad tagg, behöver meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr "taggmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr "annoterad och GPG-signerad tagg"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr "använd annan nyckel för att signera taggen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr "ersätt taggen om den finns"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr "lista taggar i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för listning av taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar som innehåller incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar för objektet"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column och -n är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan -n är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --contains är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --points-at är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "endast en av flaggorna -F eller -m tillåts."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt taggnamn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterad tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
@@ -8486,24 +9276,33 @@ msgstr "visa trädobjekt för underkatalogen <prefix>"
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr "endast användbart vid felsökning"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
-"Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+"\"git help -a\" och \"git help -g\" visar tillgängliga underkommandon och\n"
+"några konceptvägledningar. Se \"git help <kommando>\" eller \"git help\n"
+"<koncept>\" för att läsa mer om specifika underkommandon och koncept."
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:144
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "giltig till"
+
+#: parse-options.h:159
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "ingen funktion (bakåtkompatibilitet)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:236
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "var mer pratsam"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "var mer tyst"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:244
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "använd <n> siffror för att visa SHA-1:or"
 
@@ -8544,8 +9343,8 @@ msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "Visa rader som motsvarar mönster"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "Skapa tomt git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Skapa tomt Git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
@@ -8560,8 +9359,8 @@ msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
 msgstr "Flytta eller byt namn på en fil, katalog eller symbolisk länk"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "Hämta från och slå ihop med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Hämta från och integrera med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
@@ -8606,11 +9405,11 @@ msgstr ""
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 
@@ -8666,25 +9465,34 @@ msgstr ""
 "Flaggan -b/--binary har varit utan funktion länge, och\n"
 "kommer tas bort. Vi ber dig att inte använda den längre."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "tidigare rebase-katalog $dotest finns fortfarande, men mbox angavs."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Bestäm dig. --skip eller --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Kvarbliven katalog $dotest hittades.\n"
+"Använd \"git am --abort\" för att ta bort den."
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Lösningsoperation pågår inte, vi återupptar inte."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte tillämpa patchar (smutsiga: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8695,32 +9503,32 @@ msgstr ""
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "kan inte vara interaktiv om standard in inte är ansluten till en terminal."
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "Tillämpa? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Tillämpar: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -8730,7 +9538,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
 "introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
@@ -8738,16 +9546,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index\n"
 "glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan tillämpats."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
@@ -8756,7 +9564,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "En kopia av patchen som misslyckades finns i:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "tillämpar på en tom historik"
 
@@ -8856,16 +9664,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Du måste sedan ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
 "(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "\"$invalid\" är inte en giltig incheckning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
@@ -8874,25 +9682,25 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kunde inte checka ut original-HEAD \"$branch\".\n"
 "Försök \"git bisect reset <incheckning>\"."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Ingen loggfil angiven"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa $file för uppspelning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? vad menar du?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "kör $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8901,11 +9709,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
 "felkod $res från \"$command\" är < 0 eller >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen kan inte fortsätta längre"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8914,7 +9722,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
 "\"bisect_state $state\" avslutades med felkoden $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen lyckades"
 
@@ -8932,7 +9740,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet"
 
@@ -8940,7 +9748,7 @@ msgstr "uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet"
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:229
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -8951,15 +9759,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "Varning: snabbspolar din arbetskatalog från\n"
 "Varning: incheckningen $orig_head."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:254
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop flera grenar i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:258
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en \"rebase\" ovanpå flera grenar"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -8970,31 +9778,50 @@ msgstr ""
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"git rebase --abort\"."
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Tillämpade autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara $stash_sha1"
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tillämpning av autostash gav konflikter.\n"
+"Dina ändringar är säkra i stashen.\n"
+"Du kan när som helst använda \"git stash pop\" eller \"git stash drop\".\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:190
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr "Kroken pre-rebase vägrade ombaseringen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:195
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr "Det verkar som en git-am körs. Kan inte ombasera."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:329
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "Flaggan --exec måste användas tillsammans med flaggan --interactive"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:334
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "Ingen ombasering pågår?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:345
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr "Åtgärden --edit-todo kan endast användas under interaktiv ombasering."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:352
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "Kan inte läsa HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:355
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -9002,12 +9829,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Du måste redigera alla sammanslagningskonflikter och\n"
 "därefter markera dem som lösta med git add"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Kunde inte flytta tillbaka till $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:392
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9028,57 +9855,66 @@ msgstr ""
 "och kör programmet igen. Jag avslutar ifall du fortfarande har\n"
 "något av värde där."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:437
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "ogiltig uppström $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:461
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr "$onto_name: mer än en sammanslagningsbas finns"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:464 git-rebase.sh:468
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr "$onto_name: ingen sammanslagningsbas finns"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:473
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "Peka på en giltig incheckning: $onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "ödesdigert: ingen sådan gren: $branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:519
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra \"autostash\""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Skapade autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr "Checka in eller använd \"stash\" på dem."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:548
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:552
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour, ombasering framtvingad."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Ändringar från $mb till $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 "Först, spolar tillbaka huvudet för att spela av ditt arbete ovanpå det..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:582
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "Snabbspolade $branch_name till $onto_name."
@@ -9111,6 +9947,11 @@ msgstr "Kan inte ta bort temporärt index (kan inte inträffa)"
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera $ref_stash med $w_commit"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9121,7 +9962,7 @@ msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:241
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
@@ -9130,120 +9971,139 @@ msgstr ""
 "fel: felaktig flagga för \"stash save\": $option\n"
 "     För att ange ett meddelande, använd git stash save -- \"$option\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Inga lokala ändringar att spara"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed by "
+"stash save:"
+msgstr ""
+"Följande ospårade ändringar skulle INTE sparas utan måste tas bort med "
+"\"stash save\":"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:270
+msgid ""
+"Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+msgstr ""
+"Avbryter. Överväg att använda antingen flaggan --force eller --include-"
+"untracked."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:274
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Kan inte initiera \"stash\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:278
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuell status"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:296
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändringar i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:395
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Ingen \"stash\" hittades."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:402
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr "För många revisioner angivna: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:408
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference är inte en giltig referens."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-liknande incheckning"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-referens"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "kan inte uppdatera indexet"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:459
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "Kan inte tillämpa en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:467
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "Konflikter i indexet. Testa utan --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:469
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "Kunde inte spara indexträd"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:503
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändrade filer ur kön"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:518
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Indexet har inte tagits ur kön."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:535
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Kastade ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:536
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Kunde inte kasta \"stash\"-post"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:543
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Inget grennamn angavs"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:615
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(För att återställa dem, skriv \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:89
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta bort en komponent från url:en \"$remoteurl\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:168
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 "Hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades klona \"$url\" till undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i underkatalogsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
+msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i undermodulsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Relativ sökväg kan enfast användas från arbetskatalogens toppnivå"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:316
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "arkiv-URL: \"$repo\" måste vara absolut eller börja med ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:337
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9254,22 +10114,22 @@ msgstr ""
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till den"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "Lägger till befintligt arkiv i \"$sm_path\" i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:357
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
 msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr "En git-katalog för \"$sm_name\" hittades lokalt med fjärr(ar):"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:367
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
@@ -9277,14 +10137,14 @@ msgstr ""
 "För att återanvända den lokala git-katalogen istället för att på nytt klona "
 "från"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:369
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
 "använd flaggan \"--force\". Om den lokala git-katalogen inte är riktigt arkiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
@@ -9293,153 +10153,320 @@ msgstr ""
 "eller om du är osäker på vad det innebär, välj nytt namn med flaggan \"--name"
 "\"."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:372
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
 msgstr "Aktiverar lokal git-katalog för undermodulen \"$sm_name\" på nytt."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:384
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:389
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:394
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "GÃ¥r in i \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "GÃ¥r in i \"$prefix$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:451
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr ""
-"Stoppar på \"$sm_path\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild från noll."
+"Stoppar på \"$prefix$displaypath\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild "
+"från noll."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\" i .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath"
+"\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Använd \".\" om du verkligen vill avinitiera alla undermoduler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" innehåller katalogen \".git\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" har lokala ändringar; \"-f\" "
+"kastar bort dem"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\" i .gitmodules"
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rensade katalogen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:504
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för underkatalogsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:506
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa tom undermodulskatalog \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:514
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) avregistrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Undermodulen \"$sm_path\" har inte initierats\n"
+"Undermodulen \"$displaypath\" har inte initierats\n"
 "Kanske du vill köra \"update --init\"?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:627
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:646
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:660
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:661
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:666
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:672
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades köra \"$command $sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:695 git-submodule.sh:1017
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": \"$command $sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "Flaggan --cached kan inte användas med flaggan --files"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "oväntat läge $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:861
+#: git-submodule.sh:1086
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:864
+#: git-submodule.sh:1089
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:867
+#: git-submodule.sh:1092
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckningar $sha1_src och $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningarna $sha1_src och "
+"$sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:892
+#: git-submodule.sh:1117
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:930
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1155
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1157
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:932
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1242
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:1080
+#: git-submodule.sh:1306
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$displaypath\""
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
+#~ "katalog\n"
+#~ "(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
+#~ "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga "
+#~ "borttagning)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna ospårade filer. \"status -uno\""
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "kanske gör det snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så att du"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "inte glömmer lägga till filer själv (se \"git help status\")"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "hoppsan"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
 
 #~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
 #~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
@@ -9527,9 +10554,6 @@ msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 #~ msgid "# Changed but not updated:"
 #~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
 
-#~ msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
-#~ msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
-
 #~ msgid "path '%s' does not have all 3 versions"
 #~ msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte alla 3 versionerna"
 
@@ -9553,73 +10577,3 @@ msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
 #~ msgid "Failed to write current notes tree to database"
 #~ msgstr "Kunde inte skriva aktuellt anteckningsträd till databasen"
-
-# FIXME: Untranslatable!
-#
-#~ msgid "Refusing to %s notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-#~ msgstr "Vägrar %s anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
-
-#~ msgid "add"
-#~ msgstr "add"
-
-#~ msgid "copy"
-#~ msgstr "copy"
-
-#~ msgid "show"
-#~ msgstr "show"
-
-#~ msgid "remove"
-#~ msgstr "remove"
-
-#~ msgid "prune"
-#~ msgstr "prune"
-
-#~ msgid "The current branch %s is not tracking anything."
-#~ msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s spårar ingenting."
-
-#~ msgid "No destination configured to push to."
-#~ msgstr "Har inte ställt in någon destination att sända till."
-
-#~ msgid "Reflog action message too long: %.*s..."
-#~ msgstr "Reflog-händelsemeddelande för långt: %.*s..."
-
-#~ msgid "Could not read commit message of %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelandet för %s"
-
-#~ msgid "Could not extract author email from %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte hämta författarens e-postadress från %s"
-
-#~ msgid "Could not extract author time from %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte hämta författartid från %s"
-
-#~ msgid "No author information found in %s"
-#~ msgstr "Hittade ingen författarinformation i %s"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --signoff"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --signoff"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --no-commit"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --no-commit"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with -x"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med -x"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --edit"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --edit"
-
-#~ msgid "committer info too long."
-#~ msgstr "incheckarinformation för lång."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ "# Write a tag message\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ "# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-
-#~ msgid "signing key value too long (%.10s...)"
-#~ msgstr "signeringsnyckelvärdet för långt (%.10s...)"
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
index 2ccdf869c4..11b4912791 100644
--- a/po/vi.po
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 # Vietnamese translation for GIT-CORE.
-# Copyright (C) 2012, Trần Ng�c Quân.
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
-# First translated by Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012.
+# First translated by Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012-2013.
 # Nguyễn Thái Ng�c Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>, 2012.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git-v1.8.0.1-347-gf94c3\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git-v1.8.4-rc1-22-gb8ecf23\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-30 12:40+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-11-30 13:40+0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-06 14:10+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-06 14:28+0700\n"
 "Last-Translator: Trần Ng�c Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
 "Language: vi\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Team-Website: <http://translationproject.org/team/vi.html>\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=1;\n"
 "X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
 "X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.5\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -37,9 +38,9 @@ msgid ""
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 "Sửa chúng trong cây làm việc,\n"
-"và sau đó dùng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>� dành riêng\n"
+"và sau đó dùng lệnh \"git add/rm <tập-tin>\" dành riêng\n"
 "cho việc đánh dấu tập tin cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao,\n"
-"hoặc là dùng lệnh “git commit -a�."
+"hoặc là dùng lệnh \"git commit -a\"."
 
 #: archive.c:10
 msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
@@ -60,81 +61,207 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr "git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr "fmt"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr "định dạng lưu trữ"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1084
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1173
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr "ti�n tố"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:325
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr "nối thêm ti�n tố vào từng đư�ng dẫn tập tin trong kho lưu"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2390
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/config.c:55 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:715 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2292
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:673
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675 builtin/grep.c:714 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496 builtin/ls-files.c:499 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:152
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "tập-tin"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr "ghi kho lưu vào tập tin này"
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr "đ�c .gitattributes trong thư mục làm việc"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:330
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
-msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi chuẩn)"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn)"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:331
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr "chỉ lưu (không nén)"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:332
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr "nén nhanh hơn"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:340
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr "nén nh� hơn"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:343
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
 msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu nén được hỗ trợ"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr "kho"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr "nhận kho lưu từ kho chứa <kho> trên máy chủ"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr "lệnh"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến lệnh git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
 
 #: attr.c:259
 msgid ""
-"Negative patterns are forbidden in git attributes\n"
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
-"Mấu dạng phủ định bị cấm chỉ dùng trong các thuộc tính của git\n"
-"Dùng '\\!' cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than."
+"Các mẫu dạng phủ định bị cấm dùng cho các thuộc tính của git\n"
+"Dùng “\\!� cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than dẫn đầu."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Chưa cài đặt nhánh %s như là thượng nguồn (upstream) của nó."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết tham chiếu máy chủ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết tham chiếu nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Theo vết chưa được cài đặt: tên quá dài: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Không theo vết: thông tin chưa rõ ràng cho tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "“%s� không phải là một tên nhánh hợp lệ."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "�ã có nhánh mang tên “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Không thể ép buộc cập nhật nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cài đặt thông tin theo vết; điểm bắt đầu “%s� không phải là một "
+"nhánh."
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh dòng ngược đã yêu cầu “%s� chưa sẵn có"
+
+#: branch.c:220
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định trên cơ sở công việc của bạn trên nhánh dòng ngược\n"
+"(upstream) cái mà đã sẵn có trên máy chủ, bạn cần chạy\n"
+"lệnh \"git fetch\" để lấy nó v�.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định push lênh một nhánh nội bộ mới cái mà\n"
+"sẽ theo dõi bản đối chiếu máy chủ của nó, bạn cần dùng lệnh\n"
+"\"git push -u\" để đặt cấu hình dòng ngược bạn muốn push."
+
+#: branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Tên đối tượng chưa rõ ràng: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s�."
+
+#: branch.c:296
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa tham chiếu (ref) để cập nhật"
+
+#: branch.c:314
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi ghi tham chiếu (ref)"
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -146,44 +273,44 @@ msgstr "“%sâ€� không giống nhÆ° tập tin v2 bundle (định dạng dump cá
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "phần đầu (header) không được thừa nhận: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:674
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:697
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể mở “%s�"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Khó chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
+msgstr "Kho chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:732 builtin/log.c:1319 builtin/log.c:1535 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:661 sequencer.c:1111 builtin/log.c:331
+#: builtin/log.c:801 builtin/log.c:1399 builtin/log.c:1625 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:156
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt gặp lỗi"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
-msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa tham chiếu (ref) này:"
+msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (ref):"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Lệnh bundle ghi lại toàn bộ lịch sử."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu (refs) này"
-msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu này:"
+msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list đã chết"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1215 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1310 builtin/shortlog.c:259
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận: %s"
@@ -214,12 +341,12 @@ msgstr "không thể tạo “%s�"
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack đã chết"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
-msgstr "không thể phân tích %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp %s"
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần commit!"
@@ -228,16 +355,16 @@ msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần commit!"
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "hết bộ nhớ"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "Không thể chạy “git rev-list�"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi vào rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đầu vào chuẩn stdin của rev-list: %s"
@@ -309,22 +436,22 @@ msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
 msgstr[0] "%lu năm trước"
 msgstr[1] "%lu năm trước"
 
-#: diff.c:111
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
-msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt b� phần trăm '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt b� phần trăm “%s�\n"
 
-#: diff.c:116
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
-msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat “%s�\n"
 
-#: diff.c:194
+#: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
-msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule�: `%s'"
+msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule�: “%s�"
 
-#: diff.c:237
+#: diff.c:260
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
@@ -333,7 +460,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình “diff.dirstat�:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3494
+#: diff.c:3487
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -342,48 +469,62 @@ msgstr ""
 "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy ch�n --dirstat/-X:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3508
+#: diff.c:3501
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy ch�n --submodule: `%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy ch�n --submodule: “%s�"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "không thể chạy gpg."
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:71
 msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
-msgstr "gpg đã không đồng ý dữ liệu"
+msgstr "gpg đã không chấp nhận dữ liệu"
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:82
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg gặp lỗi khi ký dữ liệu"
 
-#: grep.c:1622
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm th�i “%s�: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi chữ ký đính kèm vào “%s�: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "“%s�: không thể đ�c %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1639
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "“%s�: %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1650
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "“%s�: đ�c ngắn %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
-msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng trong “%s�"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có trong thư mục “%s�:"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng từ một nơi khác trong $PATH của bạn"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -392,11 +533,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "“%s� trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
 "thể thực thi nó. Có lẽ là lệnh git-%s đã bị h�ng?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "�i chà. Hệ thống của bạn báo rằng chẳng có lệnh Git nào cả."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -405,17 +546,17 @@ msgstr ""
 "CẢNH B�O: Bạn đã g�i lệnh Git có tên “%s�, mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
 "Giả định rằng ý bạn là “%s�"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "trong %0.1f giây một cách tự động..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: “%s� không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem “git --help�."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -429,12 +570,17 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "Có phải ý bạn là một trong số những cái này không?"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
 #: merge.c:56
 msgid "failed to read the cache"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đ�c bộ nhớ tạm"
 
-#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534
-#: builtin/clone.c:586
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:656
 msgid "unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
@@ -448,70 +594,70 @@ msgstr "(commit sai)\n"
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đư�ng dẫn “%s�%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Gỡ b� %s để tạo chỗ (room) cho thư mục con\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": có lẽ là một xung đột D/F?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo vết tại “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng %s “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện trộn nội bộ"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Không thể thêm %s vào cơ sở dữ liệu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không được hỗ trợ trong cây (tree)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -520,7 +666,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
 "còn lại trong cây (tree)."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -529,20 +675,20 @@ msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
 "còn lại trong cây (tree) tại %s."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "đổi tên"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "đã đổi tên"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s là một thư mục trong %s thay vào đó thêm vào như là %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -551,182 +697,224 @@ msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): �ổi tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong nhánh \"%s\" đổi "
 "tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s. �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "�ang đổi tên %s thành %s thay vì %s thành %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (đổi-tên/thêm): �ổi tên %s->%s trong %s. %s được thêm vào trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Thêm hòa trộn %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Thay vào đó thêm vào %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "đối tượng %s không phải là một blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "sửa đổi"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "đã sửa"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "ná»™i dung"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "thêm/thêm"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "�ã b� qua %s (đã có sẵn lần hòa trộn này)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "Tự-động-hòa-trộn %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:893
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1118
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "mô-đun-con"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "XUNG �ỘT (%s): Xung đột hòa trộn trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "�ang xóa %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "tập-tin/thư-mục"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "thư-mục/tập tin"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG �ỘT (%s): Ở đây không có thư mục nào có tên %s trong %s. Thêm %s như là "
 "%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Thêm \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "Việc hòa trộn h�ng nghiêm tr�ng, không nên để xảy ra."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "�ã cập nhật rồi!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "hòa trộn cây (tree) %s và %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn chưa được xử lý??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "�ang trộn:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
 msgstr[1] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "hòa trộn không trả v� lần chuyển giao (commit) nào"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:643
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu "
+"cây ghi chú"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s�"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài của refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s�"
+
+#: object.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng: “%s�"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "cách dùng: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "     hoặc: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-S�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn “%s� thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s�"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "“%s� nằm ngoài một liên kết tượng trưng"
+
+#: remote.c:1788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s� bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s� bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1637
+#: remote.c:1794
 msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git push\" để xuất bản các lần chuyển giao nội bộ của bạn)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1640
+#: remote.c:1797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -738,11 +926,11 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau “%s� bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
 "được fast-forward.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1647
+#: remote.c:1805
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git pull\" để cập nhật nhánh nội bộ của bạn)\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1650
+#: remote.c:1808
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -758,25 +946,34 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "Your branch and “%s� have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1659
+#: remote.c:1818
 msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git pull\" để hòa trộn nhánh trên máy chủ vào trong nhánh của "
 "bạn)\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:761 builtin/merge.c:874 builtin/merge.c:984
-#: builtin/merge.c:994
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) gặp lỗi"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi"
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:764 builtin/merge.c:986
-#: builtin/merge.c:999
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi vào “%s�"
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -784,7 +981,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đư�ng dẫn đã sửa\n"
 "với lệnh “git add <đư�ng_dẫn>� hoặc “git rm <đư�ng_dẫn>�"
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -794,236 +991,266 @@ msgstr ""
 "với lệnh “git add <đư�ng_dẫn>� hoặc “git rm <đư�ng_dẫn>�\n"
 "và chuyển giao (commit) kết quả bằng lệnh “git commit�"
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:869 sequencer.c:952
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi vào %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Lỗi bao b�c %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh cherry-pick."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh revert."
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "Chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi của bạn hay stash chúng để xử lý."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:355
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân giải commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:377
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Không thể cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) cha mẹ %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:493
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Tập tin lưu mục lục của bạn không được hòa trộn."
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:512
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy ch�n -"
 "m."
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có cha mẹ %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Luồng chính được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là một "
-"lần hòa trộn."
+"Luồng chính đã được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là "
+"một lần hòa trộn."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao mẹ của %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Không thể lấy thông điệp lần chuyển giao (commit) cho %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:627
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể revert %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:664
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) trống rỗng đặt là hợp quy cách"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:672
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi đ�c bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:677
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi khi làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Không thể %s trong khi %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:757
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Không phân tích được dòng %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:762
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao (commit) nào được phân tích."
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:779
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:786
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng chỉ thị không thể dùng được: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:814
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Khóa không đúng: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng tùy ch�n dị hình: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:850
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "một thao tác cherry-pick hoặc revert đang được thực hiện"
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "hãy thử \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục xếp dãy %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:871 sequencer.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Lỗi bao b�c %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:890 sequencer.c:1024
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert trong tiến trình"
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:892
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "không thể phân giải HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:894
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "không thể hủy b� từ một nhánh mà nó còn chưa được tạo ra"
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:916 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:919
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:920
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "kết thúc tập tin đột xuất"
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "tập tin HEAD “pre-cherry-pick� đã lưu “%s� bị h�ng"
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Không thể định dạng %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể cherry-pick một %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1095
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: điểm xét duyệt sai"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1129
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Không thể revert một lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể cherry-pick vào một đầu (head) trống rỗng"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git thư�ng không bao gi� tạo tham chiếu mà nó kết thúc với 40 ký tự hex\n"
+"bởi vì nó sẽ bị b� qua khi bạn chỉ định 40-hex. Những tham chiếu này\n"
+"có lẽ được tạo ra bởi một sai sót nào đó. Ví dụ,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"với \"$br\" không hiểu lý do vì sao trống rỗng và một tham chiếu 40-hex được "
+"tạo ra.\n"
+"Xin hãy kiểm tra những tham chiếu này và có thể xóa chúng đi. Tắt l�i nhắn "
+"này\n"
+"bằng cách chạy lệnh \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1097
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1100
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s�"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn (upstream) được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s�"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1106
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
@@ -1035,318 +1262,403 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s�: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s�"
+
+#: wrapper.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "không tìm thấy ngư�i dùng hiện tại trong tập tin passwd: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:441
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "không có ngư�i dùng như vậy"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:141
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:168 wt-status.c:195
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>...\" để b� một stage (trạng thái))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:170 wt-status.c:197
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>...\" để b� trạng thái (stage))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:174
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:180
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" như là một cách  thích hợp để đánh dấu "
 "là cần được giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:178
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:189
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Những thay đổi sẽ được chuyển giao:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:207
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 "Các thay đổi không được đặt trạng thái (stage) cho lần chuyển giao (commit):"
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:211
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì cần chuyển giao "
 "(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:214
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git checkout -- <tập-tin>...\" để b� thay đổi trong thư mục làm "
 "việc)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (chuyển giao (commit) hoặc là loại b� các nội dung không-bị-theo-vết hay "
 "đã bị chỉnh sửa trong mô-đun-con)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git %s <tập-tin>...\" để thêm vào những gì cần chuyển giao "
 "(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:245
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "lá»—i"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "bị xóa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "added by us:"
-msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "bị xóa đi bởi h�:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi h�:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "deleted by us:"
-msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "bị sửa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:286
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) mới, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:288
 msgid "modified content, "
-msgstr "nội dung được sửa đổi, "
+msgstr "nội dung bị sửa đổi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:290
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:307
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "tập tin mới:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "đã sao chép:     %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "đã xóa:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "đã sửa đổi:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "đã đổi tên:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "đổi-kiểu: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "không hiểu:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "chưa hòa trộn:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "lỗi: không lấy được trạng thái lệnh diff %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:803
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "Bạn có những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:806
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột sau đó chạy \"git commit\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:809
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "Tất cả các xung đột đã được giải quyết nhưng bạn vẫn đang hòa trộn."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:812
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit\" để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:822
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên “am�."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:825
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Miếng vá hiện tại bị trống rỗng."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:831
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để b� qua lần vá này)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để b� qua miếng vá này)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:833
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --abort\" để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase (tái cấu trúc)."
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:901
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:903
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --skip\" để b� qua lần vá này)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:905
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --abort\" để check-out nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:918
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc chia tách một lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"trong khi đang rebase nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn hiện tại đang cắt đôi một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang thực hiện việc "
 "rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:930
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 "  (Một khi thư mục làm việc của bạn đã g�n gàng, chạy \"git rebase --continue"
 "\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc sửa chữa một lần chuyển giao (commit) trong "
+"khi đang rebase nhánh “%s� trên “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện đang sửa một lần chuyển giao trong khi bạn thực hiện rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:942
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git commit --amend\" để tu bổ lần chuyển giao (commit) hiện tại)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:944
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git rebase --continue\" một khi bạn cảm thấy hài lòng v� những "
 "thay đổi của mình)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:954
 msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick."
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git cherry-pick --abort\" để hủy b� thao tác cherry-pick)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác revert lần chuyển giao “%s�."
+
+#: wt-status.c:977
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:982
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git revert --abort\" để hủy b� thao tác revert)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác di chuyển nửa bước (bisect), bắt đầu từ "
+"nhánh “%s�."
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:997
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (chia đôi)."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1000
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git bisect reset\" để quay trở lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "Trên nhánh "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1180
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase đang được thực hiện: lên trên"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1187
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách r�i tại"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách r�i từ"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1192
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Hiện tại chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1209
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi đầu"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1223
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1225
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr "Những tập tin bị l� đi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1229
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Cần %.2f giây để liệt kê tất cả các tập tin chưa được theo dõi. “status -"
+"uno�\n"
+"có lẽ làm nó nhanh hơn, nhưng bạn phải cẩn thận đừng quên mình phải\n"
+"tự thêm các tập tin mới (xem “git help status�.."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Những tập tin không bị theo vết không được liệt kê ra %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1237
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr " (dùng tùy ch�n -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1243
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1248
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào commit (dùng \"git add\" và/hoặc \"git "
 "commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1251
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1254
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
@@ -1355,225 +1667,295 @@ msgstr ""
 "không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
 "không được theo dấu vết hiện diện (dùng \"git add\" để đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
 "không được theo dấu vết hiện diện\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1260
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 " không có gì để commit (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và dùng \"git add\" để theo "
 "dõi dấu vết)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1263 wt-status.c:1268
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1266
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit) (dùng -u để b� các tập tin cần theo dấu "
 "vết)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1270
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit), thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1378
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (không nhánh)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1384
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo trên "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1399
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "đằng sau "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1402 wt-status.c:1405
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "phía trước "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1407
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", đằng sau "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "b� liên kết (unlink) %s không thành công"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git add [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [các-tùy-ch�n] [--]  <pathspec>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cách ứng xử của lệnh “git add %s (hay %s)� khi không có tham số đư�ng dẫn "
+"từ\n"
+"thư-mục con của cây sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0 và không thể sử dụng như thế "
+"nữa.\n"
+"�ể thêm nội dung cho toàn bộ cây, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (hay git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"�ể hạn chế lệnh cho thư-mục hiện tại, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (hay git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Với phiên bản hiện tại của Git, lệnh bị hạn chế cho thư-mục hiện tại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chạy “git add� mà không có “-A (--all)� cũng không “--ignore-removal�,\n"
+"cách ứng xử của nó sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0: nó quan tâm đến các đư�ng dẫn "
+"mà\n"
+"bạn đã gỡ b�. Các đư�ng dẫn như là “%s� cái mà\n"
+"bị gỡ b� từ cây làm việc của bạn thì bị b� qua với phiên bản này của Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>�, cái hiện tại là mặc định,\n"
+"  b� qua các đư�ng dẫn bạn đã gỡ b� từ cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --all <pathspec>� sẽ đồng th�i giúp bạn ghi lại việc d�i đi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy “git status� để kiểm tra các đư�ng dẫn bạn đã gỡ b� từ cây làm việc của "
+"bạn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "trạng thái lệnh diff không như mong đợi %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:231
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:252
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "gỡ b� “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn “%s� thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s�"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 "Các thay đổi không được lưu trạng thái sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:275
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:573 builtin/rm.c:337
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "pathspec “%s� không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "“%s� nằm ngoài một liên kết tượng trưng"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
-msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s� để ghi."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:354
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi ra miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái v� “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. �ã b� qua."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:367
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:377
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Các đư�ng dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị l� đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
 "của bạn:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:206
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:451 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:268
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr "chạy thử"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1160
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1483
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:395 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1573 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "chi tiết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:397
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1031 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:398 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/reset.c:261
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
 msgstr "ch�n “hunks� một cách tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr "sửa diff hiện nay và áp dụng nó"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:400
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr "cho phép thêm các tập tin bị b� qua khác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:401
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin được theo vết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:402
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr "chỉ ghi lại sự việc mà đư�ng dẫn sẽ được thêm vào sau"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:403
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 "thêm các thay đổi từ tất cả các tập tin có cũng như không được theo dõi dấu "
 "vết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:406
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"l� đi các đư�ng dẫn bị gỡ b� trong cây thư mục làm việc (giống với --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr "không thêm, chỉ làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:409
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr "chie b� qua những tập tin mà nó không thể được thêm vào bởi vì gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:410
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr ""
 "kiểm tra xem - thậm chí thiếu - tập tin bị b� qua trong quá trình chạy thử"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng tùy ch�n -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm chúng vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:433
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "chưa có tập tin nào được thêm vào"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:439
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "thêm tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:478
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A và -u xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:496
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được dùng cùng với --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Không có gì được chỉ ra, không có gì được thêm vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "Có lẽ bạn muốn là “git add .� phải không?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:291 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:235
+#: builtin/add.c:533 builtin/check-ignore.c:161 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:312 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:297
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị h�ng"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:370
+#: builtin/add.c:605 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
@@ -1626,19 +2008,19 @@ msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin cũ mâu thuấn trên dòng %d
 #: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
-msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - mong đợi /dev/null trên dòng %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - cần /dev/null trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
-msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không được mong đợi: %.*s"
+msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không cần: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá phân mảnh mà không có phần đầu tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1653,82 +2035,78 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ b� đi %d trong "
 "thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đư�ng dẫn (dòng %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá h�ng tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới %s phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa %s vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** cảnh báo: tập tin %s trở nên trống rỗng nhưng không bị xóa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân sai h�ng tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được nhận ra tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "vá chỉ với “garbage� tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c liên kết tượng trưng %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đ�c hay ghi %s"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "ôi?"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đ�c %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: “%c�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 msgstr[1] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Nội dung bị giảm xuống (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1737,325 +2115,325 @@ msgstr ""
 "Trong khi đang tìm kiếm cho:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 "vá nhị phân cho “%s� tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong ch� %s, lại nhận "
 "%s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "vá gặp lỗi: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "không thể \"checkout\" %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "đ�c %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn %s đã bị xóa/đổi tên"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s: không tồn tại trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s: không khớp trong mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "loại b� miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: sai kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s có kiểu %o, mong ch� %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s: đã có từ trước trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o) của %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: miếng vá không được áp dụng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "�ang kiểm tra miếng vá %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "không thể gỡ b� %s từ mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "miếng vá sai h�ng cho dự án con (subproject) %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "miếng vá sai h�ng cho mô-đun-con (subproject) %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái v� tập tin %s mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "không thể tạo “backing store� cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ tạm cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "đang đóng tập tin “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin “%s� chế độ (mode) %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "�ã áp dụng miếng và %s một cách sạch sẽ."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "lá»—i ná»™i bá»™"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "�ang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 msgstr[1] "�ang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "đang cắt cụt tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Khối nhớ #%d được áp dụng g�n gàng."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "hunk #%d bị từ chối."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "không thừa nhận đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c tập tin lưu bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:91
 #: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "đư�ng-dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "không áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đư�ng dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đư�ng dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "số"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr "gỡ b� <số> phần dẫn đầu (slashe) từ đư�ng dẫn diff cổ điển"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "l� đi phần phụ thêm tạo ra bởi miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả cho đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng miếng vá, hãy xem xem miếng vá có thích hợp không"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "hãy chắc chắn là miếng vá thích hợp với bảng mục lục hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "áp dụng một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr ""
 "đồng th�i áp dụng miếng vá (dùng với tùy ch�n --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "thử hòa trộn kiểu three-way nếu việc vá không thể thực hiện được"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 "xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm th�i trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:462
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn bị ngăn cách bởi ký tự NULL"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "đảm bảo rằng có ít nhất <n> dòng nội dung khớp"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "hành động"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "tìm thấy một dòng mới hoặc bị sửa đổi mà nó có lỗi do khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "l� đi sự thay đổi do khoảng trắng khi quét nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "áp dụng miếng vá theo chi�u ngược"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "đừng hy v�ng có ít nhất một dòng nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "để lại khối dữ liệu bị từ chối trong các tập tin *.rej tương ứng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "cho phép chồng khối nhớ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr ""
 "đã dò tìm thấy dung sai không chính xác thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "không tin số lượng dòng trong phần đầu khối dữ liệu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "root"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "treo thêm <root> vào tất cả các tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 msgstr[1] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -2079,21 +2457,21 @@ msgstr "git archive: Máy chủ không có địa chỉ URL"
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: mong đợi ACK/NAK, nhận EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "lỗi máy chủ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: lỗi giao thức"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: đã mong ch� một flush"
 
@@ -2111,125 +2489,125 @@ msgstr ""
 "cập nhật BISECT_HEAD thay vì lấy ra (checking out) lần chuyển giao (commit) "
 "hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:26
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr "git blame [các-tùy-ch�n] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:31
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr "[rev-opts] được mô tả trong git-rev-list(1)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2276
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr "Hiển thị các mục “blame� như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2277
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 "Hiển thị SHA-1 trắng cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2278
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Không coi các lần chuyển giao gốc là giới hạn (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2279
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê công sức làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2280
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin “blame�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2281
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị tên tập tin gốc (Mặc định: auto)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2282
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị số dòng gốc (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2283
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr "Hiển thị ở định dạng đã thiết kế cho sự tiêu dùng bằng máy"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2284
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng “porcelain� với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2285
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Dùng cùng chế độ xuất ra vóigit-annotate (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2286
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị dấu vết th�i gian dạng thô (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2287
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị SHA1 của lần chuyển giao (commit) dạng dài (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2288
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Không hiển thị tên tác giả và dấu vết th�i gian (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2289
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử của tác giả thay vì tên (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2290
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr "B� qua các khác biệt do khoảng trắng gây ra"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2291
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr "Tiêu thụ thêm năng tài nguyên máy móc để tìm kiếm tốt hơn nữa"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2292
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr ""
 "Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì g�i “git-rev-list�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr "Sử dụng nội dung của <tập tin> như là ảnh cuối cùng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392 builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294 builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "score"
 msgstr "điểm số"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr "Tìm các bản sao chép dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr "Tìm các di chuyển dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2394
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m, tính từ 1"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-ch�n] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-ch�n] [-l] [-f] <tên-nhánh> [<điểm-đầu>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-ch�n] [-r] (-d | -D) <tên-nhánh> ..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-ch�n] (-m | -M) [<nhánh-cũ>] <nhánh-mới>"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -2238,7 +2616,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "đang xóa nhánh “%s� mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
 "         “%s�, nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -2247,12 +2625,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "không xóa nhánh “%s� cái mà chưa được hòa trộn vào\n"
 "         “%s�, cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:167
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -2261,252 +2639,333 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nhánh “%s� không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
 "Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh “git branch -D %s�."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:208
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr "không thể dùng tùy ch�n -a với -d"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:222
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh “%s� cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:236
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:250
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh máy chủ “%s�"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh trên máy chủ “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:251
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Lỗi khi xoá b� nhánh “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:258
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh trên máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:259
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Nhánh “%s� đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:361
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "nhánh “%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:433
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:435
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:439
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:441
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:444
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: trÆ°á»›c %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:447
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[trÆ°á»›c %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:560
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** tham chiếu sai ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, đang rebase %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, bisect được bắt đầu tại %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(được tách r�i từ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(không nhánh)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "đối tượng “%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "một số tham chiếu đã không thể đ�c được"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "không thể đổi tên nhánh hiện hành trong khi nó chẳng ở đâu cả."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "Sai tên nhánh: “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:663
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "�ổi tên nhánh gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:667
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "�ã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh “%s� đi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:671
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên thành %s, nhưng HEAD lại không được cập nhật!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:678
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên, nhưng cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:693
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:717
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào mẫu mô tả nhánh: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n chung"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:749
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr "hiển thị mã băm và chủ đ�, đưa ra hai lần cho nhánh thượng nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:750
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr "Thu hồi các thông điệp thông tin"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr "cài đặt chế độ theo vết (xem git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:753
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr "sử dụng kết xuất có tô màu"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh “remote-tracking�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761 builtin/branch.c:767 builtin/branch.c:788
-#: builtin/branch.c:794 builtin/commit.c:1376 builtin/commit.c:1377
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378 builtin/commit.c:1379 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1433 builtin/commit.c:1434
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435 builtin/commit.c:1436 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762 builtin/branch.c:768
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:774
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr "Hành động git-branch:"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh “remote-tracking� và nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:777
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr "xóa một cách đầy đủ nhánh đã hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:778
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr "xoá nhánh (cho dù là chưa được hòa trộn)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:779
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr "di chuyển hay đổi tên một nhánh và reflog của nó"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:780
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr "di chuyển hoặc đổi tên một nhánh, thậm chí cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:781
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr "liệt kê các tên nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:782
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr "tạo reflog của nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:784
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr "sửa mô tả cho nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:785
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr "ép buộc tạo (khi đã sẵn tồn tại rồi)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:794
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:798
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr "liệt kê các nhánh trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:811
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:816 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:630
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "không tìm thấy HEAD ở dưới refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:836
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và --verbose xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:887
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cần tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đưa ra mô tả HEAD đã tách r�i"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "không thể sửa mô tả cho nhi�u hơn một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Vẫn chưa chuyển giao trên nhánh “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào có tên “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh dành cho thao tác đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh được đặt cho dòng ngược (upstream) mới"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể đặt dòng ngược (upstream) của HEAD thành %s khi mà nó chẳng chỉ "
+"đến nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "nhánh “%s� chưa sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:899
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhi�u nhánh để b� đặt ngược dòng (upstream)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể b� đặt ngược dòng (upstream) của HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào "
+"cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
 msgstr "Nhánh “%s� không có thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:914
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "không hợp lý khi tạo “HEAD� thủ công "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 "hai tùy ch�n -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh “git branch� không hợp lý đối với tên "
 "nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:917
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
@@ -2515,7 +2974,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "C� --set-upstream bị phản đối và sẽ bị xóa b�. Nên dùng --track hoặc --set-"
 "upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:934
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2526,12 +2985,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nếu bạn muốn “%s� theo dõi “%s�, thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:935
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:936
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
@@ -2549,44 +3008,44 @@ msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để mà tạo một bundle."
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để mà bung một bundle."
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:285
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<kiểu>|--textconv) <đối tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:286
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <danh-sách-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:323
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr "<kiểu> là một trong số: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:324
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr "hiển thị kiểu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:325
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr "hiển thị kích thước đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr "thoát với 0 khi không có lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:328
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr "in nội dung đối tượng dạng dễ đ�c"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:330
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr "với đối tượng blob, chạy lệnh textconv trên nội dung của đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:332
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị thông tin và nội dung của các đối tượng lấy từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:335
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "hiển thị các thông tin v� đối tượng fed  từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
@@ -2607,14 +3066,63 @@ msgstr "báo cáo tất cả các thuộc tính đặt trên tập tin"
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr "chỉ sử dụng .gitattributes từ bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr "đ�c tên tập tin từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
 msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
 msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
 
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1054 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "hiển thị những đư�ng dẫn đầu vào không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:143
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "không thể chỉ định các tên đư�ng dẫn với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z chỉ hợp lý với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:148
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "chưa ghi rõ đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:152
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet chỉ hợp lệ với tên đư�ng dẫn đơn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "không thể dùng cả hai tùy ch�n --quiet và --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "tùy-ch�n --non-matching chỉ hợp lệ khi dùng với --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [các-tùy-ch�n] <danh-bạ>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "đồng th�i đ�c các danh bạ từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích danh bạ: “%s�"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra danh bạ"
+
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git checkout-index [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] [<tập-tin>...]"
@@ -2668,107 +3176,107 @@ msgstr "git checkout [các-tùy-ch�n] <nhánh>"
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr "git checkout [các-tùy-ch�n] [<nhánh>] -- <tập-tin>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản của chúng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s�: không thể hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr "“%s� không thể được sử dụng với các đư�ng dẫn cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "“%s� không thể được sử dụng với %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr ""
 "Không thể cập nhật các đư�ng dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh “%s� cùng một lúc."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị h�ng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn “%s� không được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "bạn cần phải giải quyết bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã!"
+msgstr "bạn cần phải phân giải bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện gi� tại"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�ặt lại nhánh “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:649
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�ã sẵn sàng trên “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�ã chuyển tới và reset nhánh “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618 builtin/checkout.c:955
+#: builtin/checkout.c:655 builtin/checkout.c:997
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�ã chuyển đến nhánh mới “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:657
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�ã chuyển đến nhánh “%s�\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... và nhi�u hơn %d.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:719
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2793,7 +3301,7 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2809,138 +3317,138 @@ msgstr ""
 " git branch tên_nhánh_mới %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:767
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
-msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại"
+msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:771
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Vị trí kế trước của HEAD là"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:798 builtin/checkout.c:992
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Bạn tại nhánh mà nó chưa h� được sinh ra"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "tham chiếu sai: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là một cây (tree):%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "các đư�ng dẫn không thể dùng cùng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:967 builtin/checkout.c:971
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/checkout.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "“%s� không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:978 builtin/checkout.c:983
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1017 builtin/checkout.c:1020 builtin/checkout.c:1025
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr "“%s� không thể được sử dụng với “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một non-commit “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013 builtin/checkout.c:1015 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1055 builtin/checkout.c:1057 builtin/clone.c:89
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr "nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr "tạo và checkout một nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr "create/reset và checkout một nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr "tạo reflog cho nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr "r�i b� HEAD tại lần chuyển giao danh nghĩa"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr "đặt thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream) cho nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr "nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr "nhánh mồ côi mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1022
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 "lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng ta cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 "lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng h� cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr "ép buộc lấy ra (checkout) (b� đi những thay đổi nội bộ)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr "thực hiện hòa trộn kiểu 3-way với nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin bị b� qua (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1029 builtin/log.c:1116 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071 builtin/log.c:1208 parse-options.h:249
 msgid "style"
 msgstr "kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1072
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr "xung đột kiểu (hòa trộn hay diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1075
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "không giới hạn pathspecs chỉ thành các mục thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai “git checkout không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1057
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1101
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n -b|-B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1074
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1118
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track cần tên một nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên nhánh; hãy thử -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đã cho không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1123
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1167
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
@@ -2950,12 +3458,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bạn đã có ý định checkout “%s� cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
 "chuyển giao (commit)?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1172
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đư�ng dẫn “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1132
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1176
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
@@ -2963,89 +3471,192 @@ msgstr ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force và --merge là xung khắc với nhau khi\n"
 "checkout bảng mục lục (index)."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đư�ng-dẫn>..."
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đư�ng-dẫn>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Có thể gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang b� qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Nên b� qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ b� %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:293
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp v� nhắc:\n"
+"1          - ch�n một mục được đánh số\n"
+"foo        - ch�n mục trên cơ sở ti�n tố duy nhất\n"
+"           - (trống rỗng) không ch�n gì cả"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:297
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp v� nhắc:\n"
+"1          - ch�n một mục đơn\n"
+"3-5        - ch�n một vùng\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - ch�n nhi�u vùng\n"
+"foo        - ch�n mục dựa trên ti�n tố duy nhất\n"
+"-...       - không ch�n các mục đã chỉ ra\n"
+"*          - ch�n tất\n"
+"           - (trống rỗng) kết thúc việc ch�n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hả (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Mẫu để l�c các tập tin cần l� đi đầu vào>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "CẢNH B�O: Không tìm thấy các mục được khớp bởi: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:716
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Ch�n mục muốn xóa"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
+#: builtin/clean.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "gỡ b� “%s�?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:781
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tạm biệt."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:789
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - bắt đầu d�n dẹp\n"
+"filter by pattern   - loại trừ các mục kh�i việc xóa\n"
+"select by numbers   - ch�n các mục cần xóa bằng số\n"
+"ask each            - xác nhận trước mỗi lần xóa (giống như \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - dừng việc d�n dẹp lại\n"
+"help                - hiển thị chính trợ giúp này\n"
+"?                   - trợ giúp dành cho ch�n bằng cách nhắc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:816
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Lệnh ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Gi� thì sao"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:825
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Có muốn gỡ b� mục sau đây không:"
+msgstr[1] "Có muốn gỡ b� các mục sau đây không:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:842
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Không còn tập-tin nào để d�n dẹp, đang thoát ra."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
 msgid "do not print names of files removed"
 msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ b�"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
 msgid "force"
 msgstr "ép buộc"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
 msgid "remove whole directories"
 msgstr "gỡ b� toàn bộ thư mục"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:717
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "pattern"
 msgstr "mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
 msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
 msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc b� qua"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
 msgid "remove ignored files, too"
 msgstr "đồng th�i gỡ b� cả các tập tin bị b� qua"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
 msgid "remove only ignored files"
 msgstr "chỉ gỡ b� những tập tin bị b� qua"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
 msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng một lúc với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n  -n mà cũng "
+"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n -n mà cũng "
 "không -f; từ chối lệnh d�n dẹp (clean)"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n  -n "
-"mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh d�n dẹp (clean)"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Có thể gỡ b� %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "�ang gỡ b� %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ b� %s"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt là true và không đưa ra tùy ch�n -n mà "
+"cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh d�n dẹp (clean)"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr "git clone [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <kho> [<t.mục>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:462
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr "ép buộc báo cáo tiến trình"
 
@@ -3105,7 +3716,7 @@ msgstr "lấy ra nhánh (checkout <nhánh>) thay vì HEAD của máy chủ"
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đến git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:662
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:661
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr "độ sâu"
 
@@ -3133,118 +3744,154 @@ msgstr "khóa=giá trị"
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr "đặt cấu hình bên trong một kho chứa mới"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:253
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� không phải là một thư mục nội bộ."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s� không phải là một kho nội bộ."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:318 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái v�) “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s tồn tại nhưng không phải là một thư mục"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái v�) %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo được liên kết m�m %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi chép tập tin tới “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "hoàn tất.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc nhân bản thành công, nhưng checkout gặp lỗi.\n"
+"Bạn kiểm tra kỹ xem cái gì được lấy ra bằng lệnh “git status�\n"
+"và thử checkout với lệnh “git checkout -f HEAD�\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ %s để nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "�ang kiểm tra kết nối..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "máy chủ đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "done\n"
+msgstr "xong.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:621
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "refers HEAD máy chủ  chỉ đến ref không tồn tại, không thể checkout.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:652
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra (checkout) cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:760
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Có quá nhi�u đối số."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định một kho để mà nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "tùy ch�n --bare và --origin %s xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --bare và --separate-git-dir xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:791
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "kho chứa “%s� chưa tồn tại"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth bị l� đi khi nhân bản nội bộ; hãy sử dụng file:// để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:798
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local bị l� đi"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:808
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "đư�ng dẫn đích “%s� đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "cây làm việc “%s� đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:831 builtin/clone.c:843
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:834
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "�ang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare “%s�...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "�ang nhân bản thành “%s�...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để nhân bản (clone) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong thượng nguồn (upstream) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:949
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Bạn hình như là đã nhân bản một kho trống rỗng."
 
@@ -3280,15 +3927,15 @@ msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng giữa các cột"
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command phải là đối số đầu tiên"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git commit [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:35
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <pathspec>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git status [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:40
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <pathspec>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:45
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3316,7 +3963,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:57
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3329,114 +3976,132 @@ msgstr ""
 "hoặc là bạn gỡ b� các lần chuyển giao một cách hoàn toàn bằng lệnh:\n"
 "\"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:62
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung "
 "Ä‘á»™t.\n"
-"Nếu bạn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, sử dụng:\n"
+"Nếu bạn vẫn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, sử dụng:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Nếu không, hãy thử dùng “git reset�\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:258
+#: builtin/commit.c:69
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Nếu không được thì dùng lệnh \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn b� qua lần chuyển giao này thì dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Thế thì \"git cherry-pick --continue\" sẽ phục hồi lại việc cherry-pick\n"
+"những lần chuyển giao còn lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:279
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tháo dỡ HEAD đối tượng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:300
+#: builtin/commit.c:321
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "không thể tạo bảng mục lục tạm th�i"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:306
+#: builtin/commit.c:327
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "việc thêm tương tác gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:339 builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:410
+#: builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:381 builtin/commit.c:431
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới (new_index)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa "
 "trá»™n."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:393
+#: builtin/commit.c:414
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-"
 "pick."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:403
+#: builtin/commit.c:424
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "không đ�c được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:423
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục tạm th�i"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:511 builtin/commit.c:517
+#: builtin/commit.c:535 builtin/commit.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:540
+#: builtin/commit.c:563
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "đối số --author bị dị hình"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:560
+#: builtin/commit.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "Chuỗi thụt l� đầu dòng dị hình: “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:598 builtin/commit.c:631 builtin/commit.c:954
+#: builtin/commit.c:621 builtin/commit.c:654 builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "không thể tìm kiếm commit (lần chuyển giao) %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/shortlog.c:271
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(đang đ�c thông điệp nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:612
+#: builtin/commit.c:635
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:616
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "không đ�c được tệp nhật ký “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:622
+#: builtin/commit.c:645
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) có ghi chú trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#: builtin/commit.c:661
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:642
+#: builtin/commit.c:665
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:646
+#: builtin/commit.c:669
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:707
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3451,7 +4116,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:723
+#: builtin/commit.c:746
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3466,393 +4131,395 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:735
+#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
 "được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng “#� sẽ được b� qua, phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy b� "
-"lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua, nếu phần chú thích rỗng sẽ hủy b� lần "
+"chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:740
+#: builtin/commit.c:763
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn.Những dòng "
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
 "được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng “#� sẽ được b� qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn.\n"
-"Phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy b� lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn thế.\n"
+"Phần chú thích này nếu trống rỗng sẽ hủy b� lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#: builtin/commit.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sTác giả:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:760
+#: builtin/commit.c:783
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sNgư�i chuyển giao (commit): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:780
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "không đ�c được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:817
+#: builtin/commit.c:845
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:832 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:860 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Xin hãy áp dụng thông điệp sử dụng hoặc là tùy ch�n -m hoặc là -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:929
+#: builtin/commit.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:944 builtin/commit.c:1148
+#: builtin/commit.c:972 builtin/commit.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin không bị theo vết không hợp lệ “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:984
+#: builtin/commit.c:1009
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "hai tùy ch�n -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1039
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Sử dụng cả hai tùy ch�n --reset-author và --author không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:995
+#: builtin/commit.c:1050
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Không có gì để amend (tu bổ) cả."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu "
 "bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1003
+#: builtin/commit.c:1058
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Các tùy ch�n --squash và --fixup không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Chỉ một tùy ch�n trong số -c/-C/-F/--fixup được sử dụng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n -m không thể được tổ hợp cùng với -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1023
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 "--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy ch�n -C, -c hay --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 "Chỉ một trong các tùy ch�n --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được "
 "sử dụng."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1097
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Không đư�ng dẫn với các tùy ch�n --include/--only không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1099
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "Gi�i...  tu bổ cái cuối với bảng mục lục phi nghĩa."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1101
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 "Những đư�ng dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy ch�n -i cũng không -o; đang "
 "giả định --only những-đư�ng-dẫn..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1056 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1111 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Chế độ d�n dẹp không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1061
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Các đư�ng dẫn với tùy ch�n -a không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1067 builtin/commit.c:1202
-msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
-msgstr "hai tùy ch�n -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1162 builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1222 builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "show status concisely"
 msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở dạng súc tích"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1164 builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1224 builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr "hiển thị thông tin nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1402 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1226 builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr "kết xuất dạng máy-có-thể-đ�c"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169 builtin/commit.c:1404
+#: builtin/commit.c:1229 builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "show status in long format (default)"
 msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở định dạng dài (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1172 builtin/commit.c:1407
+#: builtin/commit.c:1232 builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr "chấm dứt các mục bằng NUL"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1174 builtin/commit.c:1410 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1234 builtin/commit.c:1467 builtin/fast-export.c:667
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr "chế độ"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1175 builtin/commit.c:1410
+#: builtin/commit.c:1235 builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi  dấu vết, các chế độ tùy ch�n:  all, "
 "normal, no. (Mặc định: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1238
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin ẩn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1179 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1239 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "khi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1180
+#: builtin/commit.c:1240
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
-"b� qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun con, tùy ch�n khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"b� qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun-con, tùy ch�n khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Mặc định: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1242
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các tập-tin chưa được theo dõi trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1256
+#: builtin/commit.c:1313
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao (commit) mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1258
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 "không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1299
+#: builtin/commit.c:1356
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "đã r�i kh�i HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1301
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (root-commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1425
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr "không hiển thị tổng kết sau khi chuyển giao thành công"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1426
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr "hiển thị sự khác biệt trong mẫu tin nhắn chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1428
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr "Các tùy ch�n ghi chú commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1429 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr "đ�c chú thích từ tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "author"
 msgstr "tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr "ghi đè tác giả cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431 builtin/gc.c:178
 msgid "date"
 msgstr "ngày tháng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1374
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr "ghi đè ngày tháng cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr "thông điệp"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1375
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr "chú thích của lần commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho nhưng có cho sửa chữa"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1434
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng ghi chú có định dạng autosquash để sửa chữa lần chuyển giao đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1436
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng l�i nhắn có định dạng tự động nén để nén lại các lần chuyển giao đã chỉ "
 "ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1437
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr ""
 "lần chuyển giao nhận tôi là tác giả (được dùng với tùy ch�n -C/-c/--amend)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381 builtin/log.c:1073 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1438 builtin/log.c:1160 builtin/revert.c:111
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr "thêm dòng Signed-off-by:"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1439
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin mẫu đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1440
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr "ép buộc sửa lần commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "default"
 msgstr "mặc định"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1384 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr "làm thế nào để cắt b� khoảng trắng và #ghichú từ mẩu tin nhắn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+#: builtin/commit.c:1442
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr "bao gồm các trạng thái ghi mẫu ghi chú chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1386 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr "id khóa"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1444 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr "ký lần commit dùng GPG"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1447
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr "Các tùy nội dung ghi chú commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1448
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr "chuyển giao tất cả các tập tin có thay đổi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1449
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục để chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr "thêm các tập-tin bằng tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
+#: builtin/commit.c:1451
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr "thêm các thay đổi bằng tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr "chỉ chuyển giao các tập tin đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) pre-commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1454
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr "hiển thị xem cái gì có thể được chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1408
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr "tu bổ (amend) lần commit trước"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) post-rewrite"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr "ok để ghi lại một thay đổi trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr "ok để ghi các thay đổi với l�i nhắn trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1449
+#: builtin/commit.c:1507
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1545 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "không thể mở “%s� để đ�c"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Tập tin MERGE_HEAD sai h�ng (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1559
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c thông điệp (message) commit (lần chuyển giao): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "�ang b� qua việc chuyển giao (commit); bạn đã không biên soạn thông điệp "
 "(message).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "�ang b� qua lần chuyển giao (commit) bởi vì thông điệp của nó trống rỗng.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:832 builtin/merge.c:857
+#: builtin/commit.c:1612 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi đối tượng chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1633
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "không thể khóa HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1648
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3867,171 +4534,183 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr "git config [các-tùy-ch�n]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:51
+#: builtin/config.c:52
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr "Vị trí tập tin cấu hình"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:53
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr "đặt tập tin cấu hình cần toàn cục"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình hệ thống"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình của kho"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "đ�c cấu hình từ đối tượng blob đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Hành động"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
+#: builtin/config.c:59
 msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy giá-trị: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:58
+#: builtin/config.c:60
 msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy tất cả giá-trị: khóa [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:59
+#: builtin/config.c:61
 msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy giá trị cho regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:60
+#: builtin/config.c:62
 msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr "thay thế tất cả các biến khớp mẫu: tên giá-trị [value_regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:61
+#: builtin/config.c:63
 msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr "thêm biến mới: tên giá-trị"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:62
+#: builtin/config.c:64
 msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gỡ b� biến: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:63
+#: builtin/config.c:65
 msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gỡ b� m�i cái khớp: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:64
+#: builtin/config.c:66
 msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr "đổi tên chương: tên-cũ tên-mới"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:65
+#: builtin/config.c:67
 msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr "gỡ b� chương: tên"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:66
+#: builtin/config.c:68
 msgid "list all"
 msgstr "liệt kê tất"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:67
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr "mở một trình biên soạn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68 builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:70 builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr "khe"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr "tìm cấu hình màu sắc: [mặc định]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr "tìm các cài đặt v� màu sắc: [stdout-là-tty]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr "Kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr "giá trị là \"true\" hoặc \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr "giá trị ở dạng số thập phân"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr "giá trị là --bool hoặc --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr "giá trị là đư�ng dẫn (tên tập tin hay thư mục)"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr "Khác"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr "chấm dứt giá trị với byte NUL"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr "tôn tr�ng kể cà các hướng trong tìm kiếm"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-ch�n] <committish>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho ngư�i đ�c"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-ch�n] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "thẻ đã được ghi chú %s không sẵn để dùng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "thẻ được chú giải %s không có tên nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "thẻ “%s� đã thực sự ở đây “%s� rồi"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng %s hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng “%s� hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "�ang tìm kiếm để mô tả %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "việc tìm kiếm đã kết thúc tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4040,7 +4719,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là “%s�.\n"
 "Tuy nhiên, ở đây có những thẻ không được chú giải: hãy thử --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4049,12 +4728,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả “%s�.\n"
 "Hãy thử --always, hoặt tạo một số thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "đã xuyên %lu qua lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -4063,60 +4742,64 @@ msgstr ""
 "tìm thấy nhi�u hơn %i thẻ (tag); đã liệt kê %i gần đây nhất\n"
 "b� đi tìm kiếm tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr "tìm các thẻ mà nó đến trước lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr "chiến lược tìm kiếm trên đầu ra lỗi chuẩn stderr"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "dùng ref bất kỳ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "dùng thẻ bất kỳ, cả khi “unannotated�"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr "luôn dùng định dạng dài"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "chỉ theo cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr "chỉ xuất những gì khớp chính xác"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
 msgstr "coi như  <n> thẻ gần đây nhất (mặc định: 10)"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "chỉ cân nhắc đến những thẻ khớp với  <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
 msgstr "hiển thị đối tượng chuyển giao vắn tắt như là fallback"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr "dấu"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr "thêm <dấu> trên cây thư mục làm việc bẩn (mặc định \"-dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long là xung khắc với tùy ch�n --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy ch�n dành cho chuyển giao (commit)"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
@@ -4124,31 +4807,26 @@ msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy ch�n dành cho chuyển giao (
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "“%s�: không phải tập tin bình thư�ng hay liên kết tượng trưng"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:228
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "tùy ch�n sai: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:305
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Không phải là kho git"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "đối tượng đã cho “%s� không hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhi�u hơn %d cây (tree): “%s�"
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:363
+#: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "đã cho nhi�u hơn hai đối tượng blob: “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:371
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s�."
@@ -4157,39 +4835,39 @@ msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s�."
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr "hiển thị tiến triển sau <n> đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr "ch�n đi�u khiển của thẻ đã ký"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:671
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr "ch�n sự xử lý của các thẻ, cái mà đánh thẻ các đối tượng được l�c ra"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr "�ổ các đánh dấu này vào tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:676
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr "nhập vào đánh dấu từ tập tin này"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr "Làm giả một cái thẻ khi thẻ bị thiếu một cái"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:680
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr "Xuất ra toàn bộ cây cho mỗi lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr "Sử dụng tính năng done để chấm dứt luồng dữ liệu"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr "B� qua kết xuất của dữ liệu blob"
 
@@ -4211,7 +4889,7 @@ msgstr "git fetch --all [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:60
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
-msgstr "fetch từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+msgstr "lấy v� từ tất cả các máy chủ"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:62
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
@@ -4227,15 +4905,15 @@ msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên nhánh nội bộ"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:67
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
-msgstr "fetch từ nhi�u máy chủ cùng lúc"
+msgstr "lấy từ nhi�u máy chủ cùng lúc"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:69
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
-msgstr "lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:71
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
-msgstr "không lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "không lấy tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:73
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
@@ -4249,7 +4927,7 @@ msgstr "khi-cần"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:75
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
-msgstr "đi�u khiển việc lấy v� (fetch) đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
+msgstr "đi�u khiển việc lấy v� đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
@@ -4257,94 +4935,98 @@ msgstr "giữ các gói đã tải v�"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:81
 msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
-msgstr "cho phép cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
+msgstr "cho phép cập nhật th.chiếu HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:84
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr "làm sâu hơn lịch sử của bản sao"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "chuyển đổi hoàn toàn sang kho git"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr "tmục"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr "soạn sẵn cái này cho kết xuất đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr "chế độ mặc định cho đệ qui"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:220
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy máy chủ cho tham chiếu HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:278
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[đã cập nhật]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy) v� nhánh hiện hành)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:293 builtin/fetch.c:379
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[Bị từ chối]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:304
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[cập nhật thẻ]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:306 builtin/fetch.c:341 builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:324
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[thẻ mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:327
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[nhánh mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:330
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ref (tham chiếu) mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "cưỡng bức cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:381
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(non-fast-forward)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:412 builtin/fetch.c:718
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Từ %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -4353,57 +5035,57 @@ msgstr ""
 "một số tham chiếu (refs) nội bộ không thể được cập nhật; hãy thử chạy\n"
 " “git remote prune %s� để b� đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:589
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[đã xóa]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:590 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(không)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 "Từ chối việc lấy (fetch) vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không "
 "phải kho trần (bare)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#: builtin/fetch.c:742
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy v� (fetch) từ %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy v� từ %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n \"%s\" có giá trị \"%s\" là không hợp lệ cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:826
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n \"%s\" bị b� qua với %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
-msgstr "�ang lấy (fetch) %s\n"
+msgstr "�ang lấy v� %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:930 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
-msgstr "không thể fetch (lấy) %s"
+msgstr "không thể lấy v� %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:949
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -4411,24 +5093,32 @@ msgstr ""
 "Chưa chỉ ra kho chứa máy chủ.  Xin hãy chỉ định hoặc là URL hoặc\n"
 "tên máy chủ từ cái mà những điểm xét duyệt mới có thể được fetch (lấy v�)."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:969
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Bạn phải định rõ tên thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "tùy ch�n --depth và --unshallow không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1017
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow trên kho hoàn chỉnh là không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1036
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "lệnh lấy v� \"fetch --all\" không lấy đối số kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1038
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "lệnh lấy v� \"fetch --all\" không hợp lý với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "không có nhóm máy chủ hay máy chủ như thế: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1057
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Việc lấy v� cả một nhóm và chỉ định refspecs không hợp lý"
 
@@ -4437,29 +5127,29 @@ msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
 "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <thông điệp>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <tập-tin>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:701
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:175
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:700
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:179
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:243
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh “shortlog�"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr "bí danh cho --log (không được dùng)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr "văn bản"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr "dùng <văn bản thư�ng> để bắt đầu ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr "tập tin để đ�c dữ liệu từ đó"
 
@@ -4599,228 +5289,223 @@ msgstr "git grep [các-tùy-chá»�n] [-e] <mẫu> [<rev>...] [[--] <Ä‘Æ°á»�ng-dáº
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: gặp lỗi tạo tuyến (thread): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#: builtin/grep.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi với lệnh chdir: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#: builtin/grep.c:442 builtin/grep.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c cây (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#: builtin/grep.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "không thể thực hiện lệnh grep (l�c tìm) từ đối tượng thuộc kiểu %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#: builtin/grep.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
-msgstr "chuyển đến `%c' cần một giá trị bằng số"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “%c� cần một giá trị bằng số"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#: builtin/grep.c:567
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "không mở được “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:643
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr "tìm trong bảng mục lục thay vì trong cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:645
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr "tìm trong nội dung không được quản lý bởi git"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:647
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "tìm kiếm các tập tin được và chưa được theo dõi dấu vết"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:649
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr "tìm cả trong các tập tin đã bị l� đi"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:652
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
 msgstr "hiển thị  những dòng không khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr "phân biệt chữ hoa/thư�ng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:656
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr "chỉ khớp mẫu tại đư�ng ranh giới từ"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:658
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân như là dạng văn bản thư�ng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:660
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr "không khớp mẫu trong các tập tin nhị phân"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:663
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr "giảm xuống ít nhất mức <sâu>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:667
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr "dùng biểu thức chính qui POSIX có mở rộng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:670
+#: builtin/grep.c:669
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy kiểu POSIX (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:673
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr "diễn dịch các mẫu như là chuỗi cố định"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:676
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy tương thích Perl"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:679
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr "hiển thị số của dòng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:680
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr "không hiển thị tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:681
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:683
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr "hiển thị tên tập tin tương đối với thư mục đỉnh (top)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:685
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên tập tin thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:687
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --files-with-matches"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:690
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên cho những tập tin không khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:692
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr "thêm NUL vào sau tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:694
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "hiển thị số lượng khớp thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:695
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr "tô sáng cái khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:697
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr "hiển thị dòng trống giữa các lần khớp từ các tập tin khác biệt"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:699
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị tên tập tin một lần phía trên các lần khớp từ cùng một tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/grep.c:701
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung phía trước và sau các lần khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:705
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung trước khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:707
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung sau khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:708
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr "Dạng tắt cho -C S�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:711
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị dòng vói tên hàm trước các lần khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:713
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr "hiển thị hàm bao quanh"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr "đ�c mẫu từ tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr "match <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:720
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr "tổ hợp mẫu được chỉ ra với tùy ch�n -e"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr "đưa ra gợi ý với trạng thái thoát mà không có kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những cái khớp từ tập tin mà nó khớp toàn bộ các mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:736
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
 msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức “grep� (tìm kiếm)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr "trang giấy"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khớp trong trang giấy"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
+#: builtin/grep.c:742
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr "cho phép g�i grep(1) (bị b� qua bởi lần dịch này)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744 builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/grep.c:743 builtin/show-ref.c:188
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr "hiển thị cách dùng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:811
+#: builtin/grep.c:810
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "chưa chỉ ra mẫu."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:866
+#: builtin/grep.c:865
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager chỉ làm việc trên cây-làm-việc"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached hay --untracked không được sử dụng với --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:894
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 "--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy ch�n liên "
 "quan đến revs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:897
+#: builtin/grep.c:896
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard không thể sử dụng cho nội dung lưu dấu vết."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:905
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "cả hai --cached và các cây phải được chỉ ra."
 
@@ -4860,50 +5545,54 @@ msgstr "lưu các tập tin mà nó không có các bộ l�c"
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr "xử lý tập tin như là nó đang ở thư mục này"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các câu lệnh ngư�i dùng có thể sử dụng"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các hướng dẫn hữu dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr "hiển thị trang man"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr "hiển thị hướng dẫn sử dụng trong trình duyệt web"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr "hiện trang info"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [lệnh]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [lệnh]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Lỗi khởi chạy emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích phiên bản emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient “%d� quá cũ (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi “%s�: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4912,7 +5601,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "“%s�: đư�ng dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
 "Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.cmd� để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4921,307 +5610,335 @@ msgstr ""
 "“%s�: cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
 "Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.path� để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "“%s�: không rõ chương trình xem man."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng manpage tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng info tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "�ịnh nghĩa các thuộc tính cho mỗi đư�ng dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Thuật ngữ chuyên môn Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Chỉ định các tập tin không cần theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "�ịnh nghĩa thuộc tính mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Chỉ định điểm xét duyệt và vùng cho Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Hướng dẫn cách dùng Git ở mức cơ bản (bản 1.5.1 hay mới hơn)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Tổng quan v� luồng công việc khuyến nghị nên dùng với Git."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Các chỉ dẫn chung v� cách dùng Git là:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "cách sử dụng: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
-msgstr "`git %s' được đặt bí danh thành `%s'"
+msgstr "“git %s� được đặt bí danh thành “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không khớp tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "đối tượng của kiểu không mong đợi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "không thể đi�n vào %d byte"
 msgstr[1] "không thể đi�n vào %d byte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "vừa đúng lúc EOF"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "lỗi đ�c ở đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "sử dụng nhi�u hơn số lượng byte mà nó sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "pack quá lớn so với định nghĩa hiện tại của kiểu off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể tạo “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể mở packfile “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "chữ ký cho pack không khớp"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr "không hỗ trợ phiên bản pack %<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "pack có đối tượng sai khoảng bù (offset) %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "xả nén trả v� %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "tràn giá trị khoảng bù cho đối tượng delta cơ sở"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "khoảng bù cơ sở cho delta nằm ngoài phạm vi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "không hiểu kiểu đối tượng %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "không thể chạy hàm pread cho tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 msgstr[1] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "sự mâu thuẫn xả nén nghiêm tr�ng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SỰ VA CHẠM SHA1 �à XẢY RA VỚI %s!"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "đối tượng blob không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "%s không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Lỗi trong đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Không phải tất cả các đối tượng con của %s là có thể với tới được"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:838 builtin/index-pack.c:868
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi áp dụng delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "�ang nhận v� các đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Các đối tượng bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "pack bị sai h�ng (SHA1 không khớp)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1040
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "không thể fstat packfile"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1043
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "pack có phần thừa ở cuối"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ khi chạy hàm parse_pack_objects()"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "�ang phân giải các delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1087
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "không thể tạo tuyến: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1129
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr "đầy đủ với %d đối tượng nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr "Tổng kiểm tra tail không như mong đợi cho %s (đĩa h�ng?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 msgstr[1] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1176
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "không thể xả đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1255
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "đối tượng nội bộ %s bị h�ng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1279
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1292
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1300
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1313
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1324
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu trữ tập tin ghi mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr "sai pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1363
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr "số tuyến chỉ ra không hợp lệ (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr "không hỗ trợ đa tuyến, b� qua %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin pack đã sẵn có “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin “pack idx� cho “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1474
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "chi�u dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "chi�u dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1509
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Không thể quay lại cwd"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1557 builtin/index-pack.c:1560
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1572 builtin/index-pack.c:1576
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s sai"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1590
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin không thể được dùng mà không có --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "tên tập tin packfile “%s� không được kết thúc bằng đuôi “.pack�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1613
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "dùng tùy ch�n --verify mà không đưa ra tên packfile"
 
@@ -5357,7 +6074,7 @@ msgstr "các quy�n"
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr "chỉ ra cái mà kho git được chia sẻ giữa nhi�u ngư�i dùng"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr "im lặng"
 
@@ -5389,238 +6106,255 @@ msgstr "Không thể truy cập thư mục làm việc hiện hành"
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<kể-từ>..<cho-đến>] [[--] <đư�ng-dẫn>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<vùng xem xét>] [[--] <đư�ng-dẫn>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
-msgstr "   or: git show [các-tùy-ch�n] <đối-tượng>..."
+msgstr "  hay: git show [các-tùy-ch�n] <đối-tượng>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:124
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr "chặn m�i kết xuất từ diff"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr "hiển thị mã nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tập tin ánh xạ thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr "các tùy ch�n trang trí"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Kết xuất cuối cùng: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:405 builtin/log.c:497
+#: builtin/log.c:453 builtin/log.c:545
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:521
+#: builtin/log.c:569
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Không nhận ra kiểu: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:669
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers không có giá trị cụ thể"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:687
+#: builtin/log.c:751
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "tên của thư mục kết xuất quá dài"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin miếng vá: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:712
+#: builtin/log.c:781
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Cần chính xác một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:720
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Không phải là một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:794
+#: builtin/log.c:891
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "�Cover letter� cần cho định dạng thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:867
+#: builtin/log.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "in-reply-to điên rồ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:895
+#: builtin/log.c:995
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr "git format-patch [các-tùy-ch�n] [<kể-từ> | <vùng-xem-xét>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:940
+#: builtin/log.c:1040
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Hai thư mục kết xuất?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1068
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr "dùng [PATCH n/m] ngay cả với miếng vá đơn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1071
+#: builtin/log.c:1158
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr "dùng [V�] ngay cả với các miếng vá phức tạp"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr "hiển thị miếng vá ra đầu ra chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1077
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr "tạo bì thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1079
+#: builtin/log.c:1166
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr "sử dụng chỗi dãy số dạng đơn giản cho tên tập-tin xuất ra"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1167
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr "sfx"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1081
+#: builtin/log.c:1168
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho “.patch�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1170
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr "bắt đầu đánh số miếng vá từ <n> thay vì 1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1085
+#: builtin/log.c:1172
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "đánh dấu chuỗi nối tiếp dạng thứ-N re-roll"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1174
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr "Dùng [<ti�n-tố>] thay cho [V�]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1088
+#: builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr "lưu các tập tin kết quả trong <t.mục>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1180
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr "không strip/add [V�]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1094
+#: builtin/log.c:1183
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr "không kết xuất diff (những khác biệt) nhị phân"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1185
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr "không bao gồm miếng vá khớp với một lần chuyển giao thượng nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr "hiển thị định dạng miếng vá thay vì mặc định (miếng vá + thống kê)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr "L�i nhắn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1101
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "header"
 msgstr "đầu đ� thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1191
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr "thêm đầu đ� thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103 builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1192 builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "email"
 msgstr "thư điện tử"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr "thêm To: đầu đ� thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr "thêm Cc: đầu đ� thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1196
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "thụt l�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"đặt `�ịa chỉ gửi' thành <thụ l�> (hoặc thụt l� ngư�i commit nếu b� quên)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr "message-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr "dùng thư đầu tiên để trả l�i <message-id>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1109 builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1201 builtin/log.c:1204
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr "ranh giá»›i"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1110
+#: builtin/log.c:1202
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr "đính kèm miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1113
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr "dùng miếng vá làm nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr "cho phép luồng l�i nhắn, kiểu: “shallow�, “deep�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1119
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr "chữ ký"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1120
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr "thêm chữ ký"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1122
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr "không hiển thị các tên tập tin của miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1163
+#: builtin/log.c:1288
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "thông tin ngư�i chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "dòng thụt l� không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1208
+#: builtin/log.c:1303
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n và  -k loại từ lẫn nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1210
+#: builtin/log.c:1305
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix và -k xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1218
+#: builtin/log.c:1313
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1220
+#: builtin/log.c:1315
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1222
+#: builtin/log.c:1317
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1245
+#: builtin/log.c:1340
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "đầu ra chuẩn, hay thư mục, ch�n cái nào?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1247
+#: builtin/log.c:1342
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1400
+#: builtin/log.c:1490
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo các tập tin kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1449
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<thượng-nguồn> [<head> [<giới-hạn>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1504
+#: builtin/log.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
@@ -5628,7 +6362,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng bị theo vết, hãy chỉ định <thượng-nguồn> một cách "
 "thủ công.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1517 builtin/log.c:1519 builtin/log.c:1531
+#: builtin/log.c:1607 builtin/log.c:1609 builtin/log.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao (commit) %s"
@@ -5637,94 +6371,94 @@ msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao (commit) %s"
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-files [các-tùy-ch�n] [<tập-tin>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr "nhận dạng các trạng thái tập tin với thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng chữ cái viết thư�ng cho các tập tin “assume unchanged� (giả định không "
 "thay đổi)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin được nhớ tạm vào đầu ra (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã xóa trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã bị sửa đổi ra kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khác trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin bị b� qua trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị tên đối tượng của nội dung được lưu trạng thái ở kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin trên hệ thống tập tin mà nó cần được gỡ b�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục “khác�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr "không hiển thị thư mục rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin chưa hòa trộn trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr "hiển thị thông tin resolve-undo"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr "b� qua những tập tin khớp với một mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:497
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr "mẫu loại trừ được đ�c từ <tập tin>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr "đ�c thêm các mẫu ngoại trừ mỗi thư mục trong <tập tin>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr "thêm loại trừ tiêu chuẩn kiểu git"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:505
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr "làm cho kết xuất liên quan đến thư mục ở mức cao nhất (gốc) của dự án"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr "nếu <tập tin> bất kỳ không ở trong bảng mục lục, xử lý nó như một lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:509
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr "tree-ish"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr ""
 "giả định rằng các đư�ng dẫn đã bị gỡ b� kể từ <tree-ish> nay vẫn hiện diện"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:512
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr "hiển thị dữ liệu gỡ lỗi"
 
@@ -5776,231 +6510,231 @@ msgstr "git merge [các-tùy-ch�n] <tin-nhắn> HEAD <commit>"
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
-msgstr "switch `m' yêu cầu một giá trị"
+msgstr "switch “m� yêu cầu một giá trị"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn “%s�.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Các chiến lược sẵn sàng là:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Các chiến lược tùy chỉnh sẵn sàng là:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "không hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của lần hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr "(đồng nghĩa với --stat)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr "thêm (ít nhất <n>) mục từ shortlog cho ghi chú chuyển giao hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr "tạo một lần chuyển giao (commit) đưon thay vì thực hiện việc hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr "thực hiện chuyển giao nếu hòa trộn thành công (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr "sửa chú thích trước khi chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr "cho phép fast-forward (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr "b� qua nếu fast-forward không thể được"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr "chiến lược"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn sẽ dùng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr "tùy_ch�n=giá_trị"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr "tùy ch�n cho chiến lược hòa trộn đã ch�n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr ""
 "hòa trộn ghi chú của lần chuyển giao (dành cho hòa trộn non-fast-forward)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr "bãi b� quá trình hòa trộn hiện tại đang thực hiện"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "không thể chạy stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "không phải là một đối tượng hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (không có gì để squash)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Squash commit -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "�ang ghi SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Hoàn thành SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Không thông điệp hòa trộn -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "“%s� không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Chuá»—i branch.%s.mergeoptions sai: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "lệnh git write-tree gặp lỗi khi ghi một cây"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:656
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Không cầm nắm gì ngoài hai head hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:670
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu tùy ch�n cho merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:684
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "không thể ghi %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:773
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c từ “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:782
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao (commit); sử dụng lệnh “git commit� để "
 "hoàn tất việc hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:788
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần "
 "thiết,\n"
-"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn thượng nguồn đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
+"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn ngược dòng đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
 "topic.\n"
 "\n"
-"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “#� sẽ được b� qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
 "rá»—ng\n"
-"sẽ làm hủy b� lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"sẽ hủy b� lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:812
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Chú thích của lần commit (chuyển giao) bị trống rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:824
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Thần kỳ.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao "
 "(commit) kết quả.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:905
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "%s không phải là một lần commit (chuyển giao)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:946
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "không phải nhánh hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:948
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Không có máy chủ cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:950
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:955
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Không nhánh mạng theo vết cho %s từ %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1042 builtin/merge.c:1199
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1110
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 "Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy b� giữa chừng cả (thiếu MERGE_HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1126 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -6008,11 +6742,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1129 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1133
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -6020,85 +6754,108 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1136
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --squash với --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1150
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 "Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao (commit) và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được "
 "đặt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1189
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 "Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao (commit) vào một "
 "head rá»—ng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1192
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Squash commit vào một head trống rỗng vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1194
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 "Chuyển giao (commit) không-fast-forward không hợp lý ở trong một head trống "
 "rá»—ng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1309
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG không đáng tin, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG sai, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG tốt bởi %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "�ang cập nhật %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1348
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "�ang thử hòa trộn kiểu “trivial in-index�...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1355
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Không.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1387
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Thực hiện lệnh fast-forward là không thể được, đang b� qua."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1410 builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "�ang tua lại cây thành th�i xa xưa...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1414
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "�ang thử chiến lược hòa trộn %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1480
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Không có chiến lược hòa trộn nào được nắm giữ (handle) sự hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1482
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Hòa trộn với chiến lược %s gặp lỗi.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1491
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng %s để chuẩn bị giải quyết bằng tay.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1503
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6267,48 +7024,52 @@ msgstr "�ổi tên %s thành %s\n"
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "đổi tên %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-ch�n] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-ch�n] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên (không SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr "chỉ dùng các thẻ để đặt tên cho các lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "chỉ sử dụng các tham chiếu (refs) khớp với <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr ""
 "liệt kê tất cả các lần chuyển giao có thể đ�c được từ tất cả các tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr "đ�c từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
 msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
-msgstr "cho phép hiển thị các tên `chưa định nghĩa`"
+msgstr "cho phép hiển thị các tên “chưa định nghĩa“"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "bãi b� tham chiếu các thẻ trong đầu vào (dùng nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<đối-tượng>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6316,11 +7077,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <l�i-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | "
 "-C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6328,228 +7089,200 @@ msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <l�i-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | -"
 "C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <chiến-lược> ] <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<đối-tượng>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [list [<đối tượng>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes add [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes copy [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes append [<các-tùy-ch�n>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes edit [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes show [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "git notes merge [<các-tùy-ch�n>] <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes remove [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes prune [<các-tùy-ch�n>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể khởi chạy “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "không thể fdopen “show� (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "không thể đ�c kết xuất “show�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đư�ng ống cho lệnh “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 "Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy ch�n -m hoặc là -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "�ang gỡ b� ghi chú (note) cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "không thể ghi đối tượng ghi chú (note)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đ�c hay ghi “%s�"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đ�c “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết “%s� như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đ�c đối tượng “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr ""
-"Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu "
-"cây ghi chú"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s�"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài của refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s�"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Dòng nhập vào dị hình: “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ “%s� tới “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "quá nhi�u đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "không tìm thấy ghi chú cho đối tượng %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một chuỗi"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr "đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr "dùng lại nhưng có sửa chữa đối tượng note đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr "dùng lại đối tượng ghi chú (note) đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr "thay thế ghi chú trước"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6558,24 +7291,24 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không thể thêm các ghi chú. �ã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối tượng "
 "%s. Sử dụng tùy ch�n “-f� để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "�ang ghi đè lên ghi chú cũ cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr "đ�c các đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr "tải cấu hình chép lại cho <lệnh> (ngầm định là --stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "quá ít đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6584,12 +7317,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. �ã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối "
 "tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy ch�n “-f� để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Thiếu ghi chú trên đối tượng nguốn %s. Không thể sao chép."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -6598,15 +7331,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "Các tùy ch�n -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con “edit�.\n"
 "Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: “git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C�.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n chung"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n v� hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
@@ -6614,46 +7347,46 @@ msgstr ""
 "phân giải các xung đột “notes� sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
 "theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr "Chuyển giao các note chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 "các note cuối cùng được hòa trộn bởi các note chưa hòa trộn của lần chuyển "
 "giao"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr "Hủy b� phân giải ghi chú (note) hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr "b� qua hòa trộn các ghi chú (note)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "�ối tượng %s không có ghi chú (note)\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr "cố gắng gỡ b� một note chưa từng tồn tại không phải là một lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr "đ�c tên đối tượng từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr "notes_ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "dùng “notes� từ <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu câu lệnh con: %s"
@@ -6894,7 +7627,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6909,7 +7642,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<tên-của-nhánh-máy-chủ>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6923,12 +7656,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có đa nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream), từ chối push."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:142
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6940,7 +7673,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "nhánh hiện tại “%s� của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
 "để cập nhật nhánh máy chủ nào."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:165
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6973,28 +7706,28 @@ msgstr ""
 "tá»±\n"
 "“current� thay vì “simple� nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:225
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để push, và push.default là \"không là "
 "gì cả\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:232
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
 "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ (v.d. “git "
-"pull�)\n"
+"pull...�)\n"
 "trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần “Note about fast-forwards� từ lệnh “git push --help� để có "
-"thông tin chi tiết."
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� từ lệnh “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:238
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -7009,36 +7742,67 @@ msgstr ""
 "thành “simple�, “current� hoặc “upstream� để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
 "thôi."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:244
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
 "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi "
 "từ máy chủ\n"
-"(v.d. “git pull�) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần “Note about fast-forwards� từ lệnh “git push --help� để có "
-"thông tin chi tiết."
+"(v.d. “git pull ...�) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� từ lệnh “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:250
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì máy chủ có chứa công việc mà bạn không\n"
+"có ở máy nội bộ của mình. Lỗi này thư�ng có nguyên nhân bởi kho khác đẩy\n"
+"dữ liệu lên cùng một tham chiếu. Bạn có lẽ muốn hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ(v.d. “git pull...�) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards� từ lệnh “git push --help� để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:257
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì thẻ đã sẵn có từ trước trên máy chủ."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:260
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật một tham chiếu trên máy chủ mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng "
+"không\n"
+"phải chuyển giao, hoặc cập nhật một tham chiếu máy chủ để nó chỉ đến đối "
+"tượng\n"
+"không phải chuyển giao, mà không sử dụng tùy ch�n “--force�.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "�ang push (đẩy) lên %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi push (đẩy lên) một số tham chiếu (ref) đến “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "repository (kho) sai “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:358
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -7059,80 +7823,88 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push <tên>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:373
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:374
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:379
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:380
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:385
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --mirror xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:445
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr "kho"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:446
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr "push tất cả refs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:447
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr "mirror tất cả refs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:449
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr "xóa refs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr ""
 "các thẻ push (không thể sử dụng cùng với các tùy ch�n --all hay --mirror)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "ép buộc cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "check"
 msgstr "kiểm tra"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr "đi�u khiển việc đẩy lên (push) đệ qui của mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:458 builtin/push.c:459
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr "nhận v� chương trình pack"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr "đặt thượng nguồn (upstream) cho git pull/status"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:463
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu (refs) bị gỡ b�"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:465
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua “pre-push hook�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "push bị trượt nhưng các thẻ thích hợp"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:476
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete là xung khắc với các tùy ch�n --all, --mirror và --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:478
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete không hợp lý nếu không có bất kỳ tham chiếu (refs) nào"
 
@@ -7147,71 +7919,81 @@ msgstr ""
 "[--index-output=<tập-tin>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-"
 "ish3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr "ghi mục lục kết quả vào <tập-tin>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr "chỉ với bảng mục lục trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr "Hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr "thực hiện một hòa trộn thêm vào việc đ�c"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr ""
 "hòa trộn kiểu “3-way� nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
 msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của “adds� và “removes�"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr "giống với -m, nhưng b� qua các mục chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "<thư-mục-con>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "đ�c cây vào trong bảng mục lục dưới <thư_mục_con>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr "cập nhật cây làm việc với kết quả hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr "cho phép các tập tin rõ ràng bị l� đi được ghi đè"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr "không kiểm tra cây làm việc sau hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr "không cập nhật bảng mục lục hay cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr "b� qua áp dụng bộ l�c lấy ra (checkout) thưa thớt"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr "gỡ lỗi unpack-trees"
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "%s' cho '%s' không phải là dấu th�i gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:616 builtin/reflog.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "“%s� không phải là dấu th�i gian hợp lệ"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
@@ -7372,11 +8154,11 @@ msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho refspec %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
-msgstr "(mẫu)"
+msgstr "(khá»›p)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:452
 msgid "(delete)"
-msgstr "(xoá)"
+msgstr "(xóa)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
 #, c-format
@@ -7655,7 +8437,7 @@ msgstr " * [nên xén bớt] %s"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1298
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
-msgstr " *[đã xén bớ] %s"
+msgstr " *[đã bị xén] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1321
 msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
@@ -7747,12 +8529,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <các-đư�ng-dẫn>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <đư�ng-dẫn>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<các-đư�ng-dẫn>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<các-đư�ng-dẫn>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7774,104 +8556,110 @@ msgstr "hòa trộn"
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "giữ lại"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện gi� tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Không thể đ�c bảng mục lục"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Những thay đổi bị b� trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện một %s reset ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr "làm việc ở chế độ im lặng, chỉ hiển thị khi có lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:253
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr "đặt lại (reset) HEAD và bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:254
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr "chỉ đặt lại (reset) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:256 builtin/reset.c:258
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr "đặt lại HEAD, bảng mục lục và cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:260
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr "đặt lại HEAD nhưng giữ lại các thay đổi nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s�."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s� như là một cây (tree) hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:295
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch xung khắc với --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:304
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "--mixed với các đư�ng dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh “git "
 "reset -- <đư�ng_dẫn>�."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh %s reset với các đư�ng dẫn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s reset không được phép trên kho bare (trên máy chủ)"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét lại “%s�."
+msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét duyệt “%s�."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:342
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi bị b� trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [các-tùy-ch�n] -- [<th.số>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
-msgstr "giữ `--` chuyển qua làm tham số"
+msgstr "giữ “--“ chuyển qua làm tham số"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr "dừng phân tích sau đối số đầu tiên không có tùy ch�n"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7886,191 +8674,219 @@ msgstr ""
 "Chạy lệnh \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" để có thêm thông tin v� cách dùng."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git revert [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit-ish>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git revert <lệnh-con>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git cherry-pick [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [các-tùy-ch�n] <commit-ish>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git cherry-pick <lệnh-con>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71 builtin/revert.c:94
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s không thể được sử dụng với %s"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "kết thúc cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "phục hồi lại cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr "không commit một cách tự động."
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:109
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr "sửa lại chú thích cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr "số của cha mẹ"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:115
 msgid "option"
 msgstr "tùy ch�n"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:116
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr "tùy ch�n cho chiến lược hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr "nối thêm tên lần chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr "cho phép fast-forward"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr "cấm khởi tạo lần chuyển giao trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:130
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr "chấp nhận chuyển giao (commit) mà không ghi chú gì"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr "giữ lại các lần chuyển giao dư thừa, rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:135
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "lỗi chương trình"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:225
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "revert gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:240
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "cherry-pick gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:15
+#: builtin/rm.c:16
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr "git rm [các-tùy-ch�n] [--] <tập-tin>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:64 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:64
 msgid ""
-"submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"các mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:70
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"mô-đun-con '%s' (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
-"(dùng 'rm -rf' nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"\n"
+"(dùng /\"rm -rf/\" nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
 "chúng)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:174
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"“%s� có nội dung được lưu trạng thái khác biệt từ cả tập tin và cả HEAD\n"
-"(dùng tùy ch�n -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"các tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:180
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"“%s� có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
-"(dùng tùy ch�n --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
+"\n"
+"(dùng -f để buộc gỡ b�)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:191
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+msgstr[1] "các tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"“%s� có các thay đổi nội bộ\n"
+"\n"
 "(dùng tùy ch�n --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:207
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
+msgstr[1] "những tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr "không liệt kê các tập tin đã gỡ b�"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:208
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr "chỉ gỡ b� từ mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:209
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr "ghi đè lên kiểm tra cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:210
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr "cho phép gỡ b� đệ qui"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:212
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr "thoát ra với trạng thái khác không thậm chí nếu không có gì khớp"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:283
+#: builtin/rm.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "không thể gỡ b� “%s� một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy ch�n -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:322
+#: builtin/rm.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: không thể gỡ b� %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [các-tùy-ch�n] [<vùng-xét-duyệt>] [[--] [<đư�ng-dẫn>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên tác giả: %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:228
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr "sắp xếp kết xuất tuân theo số lượng chuyển giao trên mỗi tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr "Chặn m�i mô tả lần chuyển giao, chỉ đưa ra số lượng lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử cho từng tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr "Ngắt dòng khi quá dài"
 
@@ -8090,47 +8906,47 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<n�n>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking và nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
 msgstr "màu “*!+-� tương ứng với nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr "hiển thị thêm <n> lần chuyển giao sau cha mẹ chung"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr "đồng nghĩa với more=-1"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr "chặn các chuỗi đặt tên"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr "bao gồm nhánh hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr "đặt tên các lần chuyển giao bằng các tên của đối tượng của chúng"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr "hiển thị m�i cơ sở có thể dùng để hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tham chiếu không thể được đ�c bởi bất kỳ tham chiếu khác"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao theo thứ tự tôpô"
 
@@ -8143,14 +8959,14 @@ msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
 msgstr "hiển thị các lần hòa trộn có thể đ�c được chỉ từ một đầu mút"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sắp xếp hình thái h�c, bảo trì thứ tự ngày nếu có thể"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr "<n>[,<cơ sở>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục “ref-log� gần nhất kể từ n�n (base)"
 
@@ -8166,38 +8982,38 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mẫu] < ref-list"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:165
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thẻ (có thể tổ hợp cùng với đầu)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:166
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị đầu (có thể tổ hợp cùng với thẻ)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:167
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr ""
 "việc kiểm tra tham chiếu chính xác, đòi h�i chính xác đư�ng dẫn tham chiếu "
 "(ref)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:170 builtin/show-ref.c:172
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu HEAD, ngay cả khi nó đã được l�c ra"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:174
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:178
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr "bãi b� tham chiếu các thẻ thành ra các ID đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:176
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị mã băm SHA1 sử dụng <n> chữ số"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr ""
 "không hiển thị kết quả ra đầu ra chuẩn (stdout) (chỉ hữu dụng với --verify)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị các tham chiếu (refs) từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) cái mà không ở "
@@ -8280,170 +9096,164 @@ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ “%s�"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “#� sẽ được b� qua.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “#� sẽ được b� qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c� sẽ được b� qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
 "nếu muốn.\n"
-"#\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "không thể ký thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin lưu thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng sai."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "đầu thẻ (tag) quá lớn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "không có thông điệp (message) cho thẻ (tag)?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "chuyển đến “points-at� yêu cần một đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình “%s�"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên các thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng cho mỗi ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr "xóa thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr "thẩm tra thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n tạo tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr "để chú giải cho thẻ, cần một l�i ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr "tin nhắn cho thẻ (tag)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr "thẻ chú giải và ký kiểu GPG"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr "dùng kháo khác để ký thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr "thay thế nếu tag đó đã có trước"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách thẻ trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr "Các tùy ch�n liệt kê thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các thẻ của đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và -n xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy ch�n -n chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy ch�n --contains chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy ch�n --points-at chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "chỉ có một tùy ch�n -F hoặc -m là được phép."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "quá nhi�u đối số"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "“%s� không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "Thẻ “%s� đã tồn tại rồi"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể khóa ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "�ã cập nhật thẻ “%s� (trước là %s)\n"
@@ -8624,24 +9434,33 @@ msgstr "ghi đối tượng cây (tree) cho <ti�n tố> thư mục con"
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr "chỉ hữu ích khi cần gỡ lỗi"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
-"Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>� để có thêm thông tin v� lệnh được chỉ ra."
+"“git help -a� và “git help -g� liệt kê các câu lệnh con sẵn có và một số\n"
+"hướng dẫn v� khái niệm. Xem “git help <lệnh>� hay “git help <khái-niệm>�\n"
+"để xem các đặc tả cho lệnh hay khái niệm cụ thể."
+
+#: parse-options.h:144
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "ngày hết hạn"
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:159
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "no-op (tương thích ngược)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:236
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "chi tiết hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "im lặng hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:244
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "sử dụng <n> chữ số để hiển thị SHA-1s"
 
@@ -8659,7 +9478,7 @@ msgstr "Liệt kê, tạo hay là xóa các nhánh"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:11
 msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
-msgstr "Lấy ra (checkout) một nhánh hay các đư�ng dẫn tới cây làm việc"
+msgstr "Lấy ra một nhánh hay các đư�ng dẫn tới cây làm việc"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:12
 msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
@@ -8672,53 +9491,50 @@ msgstr "Ghi các thay đổi vào kho chứa"
 #: common-cmds.h:14
 msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
 msgstr ""
-"Hiển thị các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao (commit), commit và cây làm "
-"việc, v.v.."
+"Xem các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao,\n"
+"               giữa một lần chuyển giao và cây làm việc, v.v.."
 
 #: common-cmds.h:15
 msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
-msgstr "Các đối tượng và tham chiếu được tải v� từ kho chứa khác"
+msgstr "Tải v� các đối tượng và tham chiếu từ kho chứa khác"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:16
 msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "In ra những dòng khớp với một mẫu"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr ""
-"Tạo một kho git trống rỗng hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Tạo một kho git mới hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
-msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao (commit)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:19
 msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
-msgstr ""
-"Hợp nhất hai hay nhi�u hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển phần m�m lại với "
-"nhau"
+msgstr "Hợp nhất hai hay nhi�u hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:20
 msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
-msgstr "Di chuyển, đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hay liên kết tượng trưng"
+msgstr "Di chuyển hay đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hoặc liên kết m�m"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "Lấy v� (fetch) và hòa trộn với kho khác hay nhánh nội bộ"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Lấy v� và hợp nhất với kho khác hay một nhánh nội bộ"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
-msgstr ""
-"Cập nhật tham chiếu (refs) máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+msgstr "Cập nhật th.chiếu máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:23
 msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
 msgstr ""
-"Forward-port những lần chuyển giao nội bộ tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
+"Chuyển tiếp những lần chuyển giao nội bộ\n"
+"               tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
-msgstr "�ặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành một trạng thái được chỉ ra"
+msgstr "�ặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành trạng thái đã cho"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:25
 msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
@@ -8734,9 +9550,7 @@ msgstr "Hiển thị trạng thái cây làm việc"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:28
 msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
-msgstr ""
-"Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ (tag) mà nó được ký sử dụng "
-"GPG"
+msgstr "Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ được ký bằng GPG"
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
@@ -8753,11 +9567,11 @@ msgstr ""
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đ� này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đ� này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "Nếu bạn có ý định b� qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip"
 "\".\n"
 "�ể phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy "
@@ -8813,26 +9627,34 @@ msgstr ""
 "Tùy ch�n -b/--binary đã không dùng từ lâu rồi, và\n"
 "nó sẽ được b� đi. Xin đừng sử dụng nó thêm nữa."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "thư mục rebase trước $dotest vẫn chưa sẵn sàng nhưng mbox được đưa ra."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Xin hãy rõ ràng. --skip hay --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
-msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
 msgstr ""
-"Thao tác phân giải không đang được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+"Tìm thấy thư mục lạc $dotest.\n"
+"Dùng \"git am --abort\" để loại b� nó đi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:528
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục sai: không thể áp dụng các miếng vá (sai: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8845,34 +9667,34 @@ msgstr ""
 "�ể phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --"
 "abort\"."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ e-mail hợp lệ."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Thân của lần chuyển giao (commit) là:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
 "�p dụng? đồng ý [y]/không [n]/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất "
 "cả [a] "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "�ang áp dụng (miếng vá): $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -8883,7 +9705,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn b� qua miếng "
 "vá này."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
@@ -8891,16 +9713,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bạn vẫn có những đư�ng dẫn chưa được hòa trộn trong bảng mục lục của mình\n"
 "bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add� à?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Không thay đổi gì cả -- Miếng vá đã được áp dụng rồi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Vá gặp lỗi tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
@@ -8909,7 +9731,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bản sao chép của miếng vá mà nó gặp lỗi thì được tìm thấy trong:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "áp dụng vào một lịch sử trống rỗng"
 
@@ -8932,7 +9754,7 @@ msgstr "không công nhận tùy ch�n: “$arg�"
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "�$arg� không có vẻ như là một sự xét lại hợp lệ"
+msgstr "�$arg� không có vẻ như là một điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
@@ -9010,16 +9832,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "sai.\n"
 "(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect bad\" và \"git bisect good\" cho chúng.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "Chúng tôi không bisect."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "�$invalid� không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
@@ -9028,25 +9850,25 @@ msgstr ""
 "Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của “$branch�.\n"
 "Hãy thử “git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>�."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tập tin ghi nhật ký"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "không thể đ�c $file để thao diễn lại"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? bạn đang nói gì thế?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "đang chạy lệnh $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -9055,11 +9877,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
 "mã trả v� $res từ lệnh “$command� là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "bisect không thể tiếp tục thêm được nữa"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -9068,7 +9890,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
 "�bisect_state $state� đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "bisect chạy thành công"
 
@@ -9088,7 +9910,7 @@ msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 "Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 "đang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào "
@@ -9098,7 +9920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:229
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -9109,15 +9931,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cảnh báo: đang fast-forward cây làm việc của bạn từ\n"
 "Cảnh báo: commit $orig_head."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:254
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn nhi�u nhánh và trong một head trống rỗng"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:258
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh rebase (cơ cấu lại) trên nhi�u nhánh"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -9130,35 +9952,55 @@ msgstr ""
 "�ể phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"git "
 "rebase --abort\"."
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "�ã áp dụng autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Không thể lưu $stash_sha1"
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"�p dụng autostash có hiệu quả trong các xung đột.\n"
+"Các thay đổi của bạn an toàn trong stash (tạm cất đi).\n"
+"Bạn có thể chạy lệnh \"git stash pop\" hay \"git stash drop\" bất kỳ lúc "
+"nào.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:190
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr "Móc (hook) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:195
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr ""
 "Hình như đang trong quá trình thực hiện lệnh git-am. Không thể chạy lệnh "
 "rebase."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:329
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n --exec phải được sử dụng cùng với tùy ch�n --interactive"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:334
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "Không có tiến trình rebase nào phải không?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:345
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr ""
 "Hành động “--edit-todo� chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình “rebase� (sửa lịch "
 "sử) tương tác."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:352
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể đ�c HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:355
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -9166,12 +10008,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "Bạn phải sửa tất cả các lần hòa trộn xung đột và sau\n"
 "đó đánh dấu chúng là cần xử lý sử dụng lệnh git add"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Không thể quay trở lại $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:392
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9194,57 +10036,66 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "TÔI: là lệnh bạn vừa g�i!"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:437
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "thượng nguồn không hợp lệ $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:461
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhi�u hơn một n�n móng hòa trộn"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:464 git-rebase.sh:468
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có n�n móng hòa trộn nào"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:473
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "Không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: $onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "nghiêm tr�ng: không có nhánh như thế: $branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:519
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Không thể autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "�ã tạo autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr "Xin hãy commit hoặc tạm cất (stash) chúng."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:548
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:552
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi, lệnh rebase ép buộc."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Thay đổi từ $mb thành $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 "Trước tiên, di chuyển head để xem lại các công việc trên đỉnh của nó..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:582
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "Fast-forward $branch_name thành $onto_name."
@@ -9278,6 +10129,11 @@ msgstr "Không thể gỡ bá»� bảng mục lục tạm thá»�i (không thể xáº
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây làm việc hiện hành"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật $ref_stash với $w_commit"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9288,132 +10144,153 @@ msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây làm việc hiện hành"
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:241
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 "lỗi: không hiểu tùy ch�n cho “stash save�: $option\n"
-"       �ể cung cấp một thông điệp, sử dụng git stash save -- “$option�"
+"     �ể dùng thông điệp có chứa -- ở đầu, sử dụng git stash save -- \"$option"
+"\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Không có thay đổi nội bộ nào được ghi lại"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed by "
+"stash save:"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tập tin chưa được theo dõi sau đây KHÔNG được ghi lại nhưng cần được gỡ "
+"b� bởi việc ghi lại stash:"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:270
+msgid ""
+"Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+msgstr ""
+"Bãi b�. Cân nhắc dùng một trong hai tùy ch�n --force và --include-untracked."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:274
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Không thể khởi tạo stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:278
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái hiện hành"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:296
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� các thay đổi cây-làm-việc"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:395
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy stash nào."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:402
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
-msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhi�u điểm xét lại: $REV"
+msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhi�u điểm xét duyệt: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:408
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr "�$args� không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) giống-stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "�$args� không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "không thể làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:459
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "Không thể áp dụng một stash ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:467
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "Xung đột trong bảng mục lục. Hãy thử mà không dùng tùy ch�n --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:469
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại cây chỉ mục"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:503
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Không thể b� trạng thía của các tập tin đã được sửa chữa"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:518
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục đã không được b� stash."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:535
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
-msgstr "�ã hạ xuống ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "�ã xóa ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:536
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Không thể xóa b� mục stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:543
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:615
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(�ể phục hồi lại chúng hãy gõ \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:89
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "không thể tháo b� một thành phần ra kh�i “$remoteurl� url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:168
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 "Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đư�ng dẫn "
 "“$sm_path�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "Nhân bản “$url� vào đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path� gặp lỗi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
 "Gitdir “$a� là bộ phận của đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$b� hoặc \"vice versa\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:316
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"�ư�ng dẫn tương đối chỉ có thể dùng từ thư mục ở mức cao nhất của cây làm "
+"việc"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
 "repo URL: “$repo� phải là đư�ng dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "�$sm_path� thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:337
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9425,196 +10302,361 @@ msgstr ""
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Sử dụng -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm nó vào."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:355
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "�ang thêm repo có sẵn tại “$sm_path� vào bảng mục lục"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:357
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "�$sm_path� đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
 msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr ""
-"Thư mục git cho '$sm_name' được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
+"Thư mục git cho “$sm_name� được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:367
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
 msgstr "Nếu bạn muốn dùng lại thư mục git nội bộ này thay vì nhân bản từ nó"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:369
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
 msgstr ""
-"dùng tùy ch�n '--force'. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
+"dùng tùy ch�n “--force�. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
 "option."
 msgstr ""
-"hay bạn không chắc chắn đi�u đó có nghĩa gì ch�n tên khác với tùy ch�n '--"
-"name'."
+"hay bạn không chắc chắn đi�u đó có nghĩa gì ch�n tên khác với tùy ch�n “--"
+"name�."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:372
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
 msgstr ""
-"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con '$sm_name'."
+"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con “$sm_name�."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:384
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun con “$sm_path�"
+msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:389
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun con “$sm_path�"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:394
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun con “$sm_path�"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�ang vào “$prefix$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "�ang nhập “$prefix$sm_path�"
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Dừng lại tại “$prefix$displaypath�; script trả v� trạng thái khác không."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:451
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Dừng lại tại “$sm_path�; script trả v� trạng thái khác không."
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath� trong .gitmodules"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name� ($url) được đăng ký cho đư�ng dẫn “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Không tìm thấy url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path� trong .gitmodules"
+"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:504
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Dùng “.� nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� m�i mô-đun-con"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:506
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name� ($url) được đăng ký cho đư�ng dẫn “$sm_path�"
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath� có chứa thư mục .git"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:514
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+"(dùng “rm -rf� nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:614
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath� chứa các thay đổi nội bộ; hãy dùng “-"
+"f� để loại b� chúng đi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�ã tạo thư mục '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục mô-đun-con rỗng “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name� ($url) được b� đăng ký cho đư�ng dẫn “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path� chưa được khởi tạo\n"
+"�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath� chưa được khởi tạo.\n"
 "Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh “update --init�?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:627
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Không tìm thấy điểm xét lại hiện hành trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+"Không tìm thấy điểm xét duyệt hiện hành trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:646
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Không thể lấy v� (fetch) trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:660
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể rebase “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy v� (fetch) trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:661
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�: được rebase vào trong “$sha1�"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể rebase “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:666
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: được rebase vào trong “$sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:667
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1�"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:672
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Thực hiện không thành công lệnh “$command $sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$prefix$sm_path�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�: được checkout “$sha1�"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path�: “$command $sha1�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:695 git-submodule.sh:1017
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể checkout “$sha1� trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:803
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�ư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�: đã checkout “$sha1�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "Tùy ch�n --cached không thể dùng cùng với tùy ch�n --files"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "chế độ không như mong ch� $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:861
+#: git-submodule.sh:1086
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:864
+#: git-submodule.sh:1089
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:867
+#: git-submodule.sh:1092
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
-"  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src và "
-"$sha1_dst"
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"$sha1_src và $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:892
+#: git-submodule.sh:1117
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:930
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Các mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1155
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:932
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Những thay đổi mô-đun-con được chuyển giao (commit):"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1157
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con thay đổi đã được chuyển giao (commit):"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:1080
+#: git-submodule.sh:1242
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1306
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho “$displaypath�"
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhi�u hơn %d cây (tree): “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "mô-đun-con “%s� (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
+#~ "(dùng “rm -rf� nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ b� nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+#~ "chúng)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "“%s� có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+#~ "(dùng tùy ch�n --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ b�)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Không thể lấy v� (fetch) trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path�"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đư�ng dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path�"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Cần %.2f giây để đếm các tập tin chưa được theo vết.  “status -uno�"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "có thể làm nó nhanh lên, nhưng bạn phải cẩn tr�ng đừng quên thêm nó vào"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "tập tin mới của chính bạn (xem “git help status�.."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>� để có thêm thông tin v� lệnh được chỉ ra."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "thông tin ngư�i chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "không thể fdopen “show� (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đư�ng ống cho lệnh “show� cho đối tượng “%s�"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "ôi?"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể gỡ b� %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đ�c bảng mục lục"
 
 #~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
 #~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index 46d158ffd1..1a042af111 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Chinese translations for Git package
 # Git 软件包的简体中文翻译.
-# Copyright (C) 2012 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
 # Contributers:
 #   - Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-15 10:21+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-07 17:56+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-06 14:10+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-06 14:45+0800\n"
 "Last-Translator: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: GitHub <https://github.com/gotgit/git/>\n"
 "Language: zh_CN\n"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "�示：%.*s\n"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ msgstr "�示：%.*s\n"
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -43,93 +43,218 @@ msgstr ""
 "或使用 'git commit -a'。"
 
 #: archive.c:10
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [选项] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
 
 #: archive.c:11
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git archive --list"
-msgstr "git archive：NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
 
 #: archive.c:12
 msgid ""
 "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] [选项] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
 
 #: archive.c:13
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "fmt"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "格�"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:323
 msgid "archive format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "归档格�"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1079
+#: archive.c:324 builtin/log.c:1173
 msgid "prefix"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�缀"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:325
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为归档中�个路径�加上�缀"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2332
-#: builtin/blame.c:2333 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:800 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2292
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:673
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675 builtin/grep.c:714 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:496 builtin/ls-files.c:499 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:152
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "文件"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:327 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "归档写入此文件"
 
-#: archive.c:328
-#, fuzzy
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
-msgstr "%s：已�存在于工作区中"
+msgstr "读�工作区中的 .gitattributes"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:330
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在标准错误上报告归档文件"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:331
 msgid "store only"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�存储"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:332
 msgid "compress faster"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "压缩速度更快"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:340
 msgid "compress better"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "压缩效果更好"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:343
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出支�的归档格�"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "repo"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "版本库"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从远程版本库（<版本库>）��归档文件"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:616
-#, fuzzy
+#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
-msgstr "�行 $command"
+msgstr "命令"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:348 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-archive 命令的路径"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
+"负值模版在 git attributes 中被忽略\n"
+"当字符串确实�以感��开始时，使用 '\\!'。"
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "未设置分支 %s 作为它自己的上游。"
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为使用�基�跟踪�自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为跟踪�自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用�基�跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "跟踪未设置：�字太长：%s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "未跟踪：引用 %s 有歧义"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的分支�称。"
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "一个分支� '%s' 已�存在。"
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "无法强制更新当�分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "无法设置跟踪信�；起始点 '%s' �是一个分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "请求的上游分支 '%s' �存在"
+
+#: branch.c:220
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划基于远程一个现存的上游分支开始你的工作，\n"
+"您�能需�执行 \"git fetch\" �获�分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划推�一个能与对应远程分支建立跟踪的新的本地分支，\n"
+"您�能需�使用 \"git push -u\" 推�分支并�置和上游的关�。"
+
+#: branch.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "�是一个有效的对象�：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "歧义的对象�：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "无效的分支点：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:296
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "无法为更新�定引用"
+
+#: branch.c:314
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "�能写引用"
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -141,7 +266,7 @@ msgstr "'%s' ��是一个 v2 版本的包文件"
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "未能识别的包头：%s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:714
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:697
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "�能打开 '%s'"
@@ -150,35 +275,35 @@ msgstr "�能打开 '%s'"
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr "版本库缺少这些必备的�交："
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:557 sequencer.c:989 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:661 sequencer.c:1111 builtin/log.c:331
+#: builtin/log.c:801 builtin/log.c:1399 builtin/log.c:1625 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:156
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "版本�历设置失败"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包中�有 %d 个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包中�有 %d 个引用"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包中�有这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包中�有 %d 个引用："
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "这个包记录一个完整历�。"
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包需�这个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包需� %d 个这些引用"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包需�这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包需� %d 个引用："
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list 终止"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1310 builtin/shortlog.c:259
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "未能识别的�数：%s"
@@ -209,12 +334,12 @@ msgstr "�能创建 '%s'"
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack 终止"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "�能解� %s"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s �是一个�交!"
@@ -223,16 +348,16 @@ msgstr "%s %s �是一个�交!"
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "内存耗尽"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "�能执行 'git rev-list'"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "无法写入 rev-list：%s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "无法关闭 rev-list 的标准输入：%s"
@@ -305,19 +430,24 @@ msgstr[0] "%lu 年�"
 msgstr[1] "%lu 年�"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  无法解� dirstat 阈值 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  无法解� dirstat 截止（cut-off）百分比 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  未知 dirstat �数 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  未知的 dirstat �数 '%s'\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "�置�� 'diff.submodule' 未知的�值：'%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -325,32 +455,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "�现�置�� 'diff.dirstat' 中的错误：\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1401
-msgid " 0 files changed"
-msgstr " 0 个文件被修改"
-
-#: diff.c:1405
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
-msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
-
-#: diff.c:1422
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] "，�入 %d 行(+)"
-msgstr[1] "，�入 %d 行(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1433
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] "，删除 %d 行(-)"
-msgstr[1] "，删除 %d 行(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3460
+#: diff.c:3487
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -359,7 +464,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "无法解� --dirstat/-X 选项的�数：\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解� --submodule 选项的�数：'%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "�能执行 gpg。"
 
@@ -371,31 +481,45 @@ msgstr "gpg 没有接�数�"
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg 无法为数�签�"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "�能创建临时文件 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "无法将分离�签�写入 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: grep.c:1623
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：无法读� %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：%s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1651
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：读��完整 %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "在 '%s' 下�用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "在 $PATH 路径中的其他地方�用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有："
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -404,11 +528,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "'%s' �是一个 git 命令，但�无法�行。\n"
 "�能是 git-%s ��？"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "唉呀，您的系统中未�现 Git 命令。"
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -417,17 +541,17 @@ msgstr ""
 "警告：您�行一个�存在的 Git 命令 '%s'。继续执行�定您���行的\n"
 "是 '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "在 %0.1f 秒钟�自动�行..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git：'%s' �是一个 git 命令。�� 'git --help'。"
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -441,6 +565,20 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "您指的是这其中的�一个么？"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "无法读�缓存"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:365 builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/clone.c:656
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
@@ -451,70 +589,70 @@ msgstr "（��交）\n"
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "为路径 '%s' addinfo_cache 失败"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "无法创建路径 '%s'%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "删除 %s 以便为�目录留出空间\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr "：�能是一个目录/文件冲�？"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "拒�丢弃 '%s' 中的未跟踪文件"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "�能读�对象 %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
-msgstr "%s '%s' 应为二进制对象（blob）"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 应为数�（blob）对象"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建符�链接 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "�知�如何处� %06o %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "无法执行内部�并"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "�能添加 %s 至对象库"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "在树中有�支�的对象类型"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -523,7 +661,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "冲�（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
 "的版本被�留。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -532,20 +670,20 @@ msgstr ""
 "冲�（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
 "的版本�留于 %8$s 中。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "�命�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "�命�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s 是 %s 中的一个目录而以 %s 为�被添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -554,177 +692,221 @@ msgstr ""
 "冲�（�命�/�命�）：在分支 \"%3$s\" 中�命� \"%1$s\"->\"%2$s\"，在分支 "
 "\"%6$s\" 中�命� \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr "（留下未解决）"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "冲�（�命�/�命�）：在 %3$s 中�命� %1$s->%2$s，在 %6$s 中�命� %4$s->"
 "%5$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
-msgstr "而是�命� %s 至 %s 以� %s 至 %s"
+msgstr "而是�命� %s 至 %s，以� %s 至 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr "冲�（�命�/添加）：在 %3$s 中�命� %1$s->%2$s。在 %5$s 中添加 %4$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "添加�并�的 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "而是以 %s 为�添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
-msgstr "对象 %s �是一个二进制对象（blob）"
+msgstr "对象 %s �是一个数�（blob）对象"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "修改"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "修改"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "内容"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "添加/添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "略过 %s（已��过相��并）"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "自动�并 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1118
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "�模组"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "冲�（%s）：�并冲�于 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "删除 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "文件/目录"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "目录/文件"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr "冲�（%1$s）：在 %3$s 中有一个�为 %2$s 的目录。以 %5$s 为�添加 %4$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "添加 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "严�的�并错误，�应�生。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "已�是最新的�"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "无法�并树 %s 和 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "未处�的路径??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "�并："
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "�现 %u 个共�祖先："
 msgstr[1] "�现 %u 个共�祖先："
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "�并未返回�交"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "�能解�对象 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "�能写入索引。"
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "�能�交未�始化/未引用的注解树"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�的 notes.rewriteMode 值：'%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "拒�� %s（在 refs/notes/ 之外）写入注解"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "�的 %s 值：'%s'"
+
+#: object.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "�能解�对象：%s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:489
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:507
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "用法：%s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:511
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "  或：%s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:514
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:548
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-æ•°å­—"
+
+#: pathspec.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' �于符�链接中"
+
+#: remote.c:1788
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个�交。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个�交。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1794
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git push\" ��布您的本地�交）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1797
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -732,7 +914,12 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] "您的分支�� '%s' 共 %d 个�交，并且�以快进。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支�� '%s' 共 %d 个�交，并且�以快进。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: remote.c:1805
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" �更新您的本地分支）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1808
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -747,19 +934,33 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "您的分支和 '%s' 出现了�离，\n"
 "并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处��的�交。\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: remote.c:1818
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" ��并远程分支）\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "�能打开 /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "�能调用 dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "�能为写入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "�能写入 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -767,7 +968,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "冲�解决完毕�，用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "命令标记修正�的文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -776,794 +977,958 @@ msgstr ""
 "冲�解决完毕�，用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "对修正�的文件�标记，然�用 'git commit' �交"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:765 sequencer.c:848
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:869 sequencer.c:952
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "�能写入 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被拣选�作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被还原�作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "�交您的修改或�存进度��继续。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s：无法写入新索引文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:355
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "�能解� HEAD �交\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:377
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "�能更新缓存\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:327
+#: sequencer.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "�能解��交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "�能解�父�交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
+#: sequencer.c:493
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "您的索引文件未完��并。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:401
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:416
+#: sequencer.c:512
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "�交 %s 是一个�并�交但未�供 -m 选项。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:424
+#: sequencer.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "�交 %s 没有父�交 %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:428
+#: sequencer.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "指定了主线但�交 %s �是一个�并。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:439
+#: sequencer.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s：�能解�父�交 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:443
+#: sequencer.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "�能得到 %s 的�交说明"
 
-#: sequencer.c:527
+#: sequencer.c:627
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "�能还原 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:528
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "�能应用 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:560
+#: sequencer.c:664
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "�供了空的�交集"
 
-#: sequencer.c:568
+#: sequencer.c:672
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s：无法读�索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:677
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s：无法刷新索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:631
+#: sequencer.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "无法 %s 在一个 %s 过程中"
 
-#: sequencer.c:653
+#: sequencer.c:757
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "�能解�第 %d 行。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:762
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "没有�交被解�。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:671
+#: sequencer.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "�能打开 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:779
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "�能读� %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:682
+#: sequencer.c:786
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "无用的指令表�：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:710
+#: sequencer.c:814
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "无效键�：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:713
+#: sequencer.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "%s 的值无效：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:725
+#: sequencer.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "�法的选项表�：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:746
+#: sequencer.c:850
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "一个拣选或还原�作已在进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:747
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "�试 \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "�能创建�列目录 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:767 sequencer.c:852
+#: sequencer.c:871 sequencer.c:956
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:786 sequencer.c:920
+#: sequencer.c:890 sequencer.c:1024
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "拣选或还原�作并未进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:788
+#: sequencer.c:892
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "�能解� HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:790
+#: sequencer.c:894
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "�能从尚未建立的分支终止"
 
-#: sequencer.c:812 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:916 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "�能打开 %s：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:919
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "�能读� %s：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:816
+#: sequencer.c:920
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "�外的文件结�"
 
-#: sequencer.c:822
+#: sequencer.c:926
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "�存拣选�交�的 HEAD 文件 '%s' ��"
 
-#: sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:949
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "�能格�化 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1007
+#: sequencer.c:1092
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s：�能拣选一个%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1095
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s：错误的版本"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1129
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "�能作为�始�交还原"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1008
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "�能拣选到空分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git 通常�会创建一个以40��六进制字符命�的引用，因为当你�供40�\n"
+"�六进制字符时将被忽略。�过这些引用也�能被错误地创建。例如：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"当 \"$br\" 空白时一个40��六进制的引用将被创建。请检查这些引用，\n"
+"�能需�删除它们。用 \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"命令关闭本消�通知。"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1097
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有指�一个分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1100
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "没有此分支：'%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1106
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr "上游分支 '%s' 没有存储为一个远程跟踪分支"
 
 #: wrapper.c:408
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#, c-format
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
-msgstr "�能创建 '%s'"
+msgstr "�能访问 '%s'：%s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "�能访问 '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:440
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
-msgstr "无法在 passwd 文件中查询到该用户：%s"
+msgstr "无法在�令文件中查询到当�用户：%s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:441
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "无此用户"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:141
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "未�并的路径："
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:168 wt-status.c:195
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git reset %s <file>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:170 wt-status.c:197
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm --cached <file>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:174
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <file>...\" 标记解决方案）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:176 wt-status.c:180
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  （酌情使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:178
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:189
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "��交的�更："
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:207
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "尚未暂存以备�交的�更："
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:211
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <file>...\" 更新��交的内容）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:213
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 更新��交的内容）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:214
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git checkout -- <file>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr "  （�交或丢弃�模组中未跟踪或修改的内容）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git %s <file>...\" 以包���交的内容）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:245
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "bug"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "�方删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:251
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "由我们添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "由他们删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:253
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "由他们添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "由我们删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "�方添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "�方修改："
 
 #  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:286
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "新�交, "
 
 #  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:288
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "修改的内容, "
 
 #  译者：末尾两个字节�能被删�，如果翻译为中文标点会出现�个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:290
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "未跟踪的内容, "
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:307
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "新文件：    %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "拷�：      %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:313
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "删除：      %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "修改：      %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "�命�：    %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:322
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "类型�更：  %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "未知：      %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "未�并：    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:331
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "bug：未处�的差异状� %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:803
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "您有尚未�并的路径。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:806
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git commit\"）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:809
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "所有冲�已解决但您�处于�并中。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:812
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit\" 结��并）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:822
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "您正处于一个 am 过程中。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:825
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "当�的补�为空。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git am --resolved\"）"
+#: wt-status.c:829
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git am --continue\"）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:831
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --skip\" 跳过此补�）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:833
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --abort\" ��原有分支）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:893 wt-status.c:910
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s'。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:898 wt-status.c:915
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "您正在�基。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:901
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:903
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --skip\" 跳过此补�）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:905
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --abort\" 以检出原有分支）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:918
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:922
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s' 过程中拆分一个�交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:927
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "您正在�基过程中拆分一个�交。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:930
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  （一旦您工作目录�交干净�，�行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' �基到 '%s' 过程中编辑一个�交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:939
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "您正在�基过程中编辑一个�交。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:942
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit --amend\" 修补当��交）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:944
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr "  （当您对您的修改满��执行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
+#: wt-status.c:954
 msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
 msgstr "您正在�拣选�作。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  （解决所有冲��，执行 \"git commit\"）"
+#: wt-status.c:958
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:961
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git cherry-pick --abort\" 以�消拣选�作）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "您正在�转�交 %s 。"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:977
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲�并�行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:980
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲�已解决：�行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#: wt-status.c:982
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git revert --abort\" 以�消�转�交�作）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在从分支 '%s' 开始�二分查找。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:997
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr "您正在�二分查找。"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1000
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr "  （使用 \"git bisect reset\" 以回到原有分支）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1173
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "�于分支 "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1180
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "�基正在进行中；至 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1187
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "头指针分离于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1189
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "头指针分离自 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1192
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "当��在任何分支上。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1209
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "�始�交"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
-#, fuzzy
+#: wt-status.c:1223
 msgid "Untracked files"
-msgstr "未跟踪的"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
-#, fuzzy
+#: wt-status.c:1225
 msgid "Ignored files"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+msgstr "忽略的文件"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1229
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno' 也许能�高速度，\n"
+"但您需��心��忘了添加新文件（�� 'git help status'）。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1235
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "未跟踪的文件没有列出%s"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1237
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr "（使用 -u �数显示未跟踪的文件）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1243
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "没有修改"
 
-#  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1028
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1248
+#, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
-msgstr "（使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\"）"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入�交（使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\"）\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1251
+#, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
-msgstr "修改尚未加入�交%s\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入�交\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1254
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
 "track)\n"
-msgstr "空�交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgstr "�交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
-msgstr "空�交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgstr "�交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件\n"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1040
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1260
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
-msgstr "（新建/拷�的文件使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）"
+msgstr "无文件��交（创建/拷�文件并使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1263 wt-status.c:1268
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
-msgstr "无须�交%s\n"
+msgstr "无文件��交\n"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1046
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1266
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
-msgstr "（使用 -u 显示未跟踪文件）"
+msgstr "无文件��交（使用 -u 显示未跟踪的文件）\n"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1050
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1270
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
-msgstr "（干净的工作区）"
+msgstr "无文件��交，干净的工作区\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1378
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD（�分支）"
 
 #  译者：注����尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1384
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "�始�交于 "
 
 #  译者：注����尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1399
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "�� "
 
 #  译者：注����尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1402 wt-status.c:1405
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "领先 "
 
 #  译者：注����尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1407
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr "，�� "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:351
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [选项] [--] <路径匹�>..."
+
+#  译者：字符串首行行首�添加“warning: �字串，故此首行�较其余行短
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"在 Git 2.0 版本，�于一个�目录下�带任何路径�数地执行命令\n"
+"'git add %s (或 %s)' 的行为将被改�，���继续使用了。\n"
+"如果�添加整个目录树的内容，执行：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (或 git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"如果��制该命令�作用于当�目录，执行：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (或 git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"对于当�版本的 Git，这�命令�作用于当�目录。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您在�行 'git add' 时没有指定 '-A (--all)' 或 '--ignore-removal'，\n"
+"针对其中本地移除路径的行为将在 Git 2.0 版本库�生�化。\n"
+"�本地工作区移除的路径 '%s'\n"
+"在此版本的 Git 中被忽略。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>'，是当�版本的默认�作，\n"
+"  忽略您本地工作区中移除的文件。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' 将让您�时对删除�作进行记录。\n"
+"\n"
+"�行 'git status' �检查您本地工作区中移除的路径。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "�外的差异状� %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:229
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:252
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "更新文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "删除 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:253
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "刷新索引之�尚未被暂存的�更："
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:186
+#: builtin/add.c:256 builtin/add.c:573 builtin/rm.c:337
 #, c-format
 msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未匹�任何文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' �于符�链接中"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:339
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "�能读�索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "�能打开 '%s' 以写入。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:354
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "�能生�补�"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "�能查看文件状� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "空补�。异常终止。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:367
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "�能应用 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:377
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr "下列路径根�您的一个 .gitignore 文件而被忽略：\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:133
+#: builtin/add.c:394 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:451 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:268
 msgid "dry run"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "演习"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1187
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1477
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:395 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1220 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:613
+#: builtin/log.c:1573 builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "冗长输出"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/add.c:397
 msgid "interactive picking"
-msgstr "交互�添加失败"
+msgstr "交互�拣选"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:398 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/reset.c:261
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "交互�挑选数��"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "编辑当�差异并应用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:400
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许添加忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/add.c:401
 msgid "update tracked files"
-msgstr "无法存储包文件"
+msgstr "更新已跟踪的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:402
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�记录，该路径���添加"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:403
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加所有改�的已跟踪文件和未跟踪文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
-#, fuzzy
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:406
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "忽略工作区中移除的路径（和 --no-all 相�）"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:408
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
-msgstr "git %s：无法刷新索引"
+msgstr "�添加，�刷新索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:409
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过因出错�能添加的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:410
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检查在演习模�下文件（�使�存在）是�被忽略"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:432
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "使用 -f �数如果您确实�添加它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:433
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "没有文件被添加"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:439
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "添加文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:478
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A 和 -u 选项互斥"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:496
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing �能和 --dry-run �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "没有指定文件，也没有文件被添加。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "也许您想�执行 'git add .'？\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:289 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:533 builtin/check-ignore.c:161 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:312 builtin/mv.c:82 builtin/rm.c:297
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "索引文件��"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:605 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "无法写入新索引文件"
 
@@ -1616,17 +1981,17 @@ msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上旧文件��一致"
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行处应为 /dev/null"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount：�外的行：%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "第 %d 行的补�片段没有头信�：%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1637,82 +2002,78 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] "当移除 %d 个�导路径� git diff 头缺�文件�信�（第 %d 行）"
 msgstr[1] "当移除 %d 个�导路径� git diff 头缺�文件�信�（第 %d 行）"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件�赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件�有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "补�在第 %d 行��"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件 %s �赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件 %s �有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** 警告：文件 %s �为空文件但并未删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "二进制补�在第 %d 行��：%.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "未能识别的二进制补��于第 %d 行"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "补�文件的第 %d 行�有垃圾数�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "无法读�符�链接 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "�能打开或读� %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "å“Žå“Ÿ"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "无效的行首字符：'%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
-msgstr[0] "� #%d �功应用于 %d (�移 %d 行）"
-msgstr[1] "� #%d �功应用于 %d (�移 %d 行）"
+msgstr[0] "� #%d �功应用于 %d（�移 %d 行）"
+msgstr[1] "� #%d �功应用于 %d（�移 %d 行）"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "上下文�少到（%ld/%ld）以在第 %d 行应用补�片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1721,319 +2082,318 @@ msgstr ""
 "当查询：\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "缺失 '%s' 的二进制补�数�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "二进制补�未应用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补�产生了�正确的结果（应为 %s，�为 %s）"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "打补�失败：%s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "�能检出 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "读� %s 失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "路径 %s 已�被�命�/删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s：�存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s：%s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s：和索引�匹�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "移除补��留下了文件内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s：错误类型"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o，应为 %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s：已�存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s：已�存在于工作区中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模�（%1$o）和旧模�（%3$o）�匹�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模�（%1$o）和 %4$s 的旧模�（%3$o）�匹�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s：补�未应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "检查补� %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:216 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry �作失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "�能从索引中移除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "�项目 %s ��的补�"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "�模组 %s ��的补�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "�能枚举新建文件 '%s' 的状�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "�能为新建文件 %s 创建�端存储"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 添加缓存�目"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "关闭文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "�能写文件 '%s' �� %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "�功应用补� %s。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "内部错误"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "应用 %%s 个补�，其中 %d 个被拒�..."
 msgstr[1] "应用 %%s 个补�，其中 %d 个被拒�..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "截短 .rej 文件�为 %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "第 #%d 个片段�功应用。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "拒�第 #%d 个片段。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "未能识别的输入"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "无法读�索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:91
 #: builtin/fetch.c:63
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "路径"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "��应用与给出路径�匹�的�更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "应用与给出路径�匹�的�更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "æ•°å­—"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
-msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除 <数字> 个�导路径"
+msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除指定数�的�导斜线"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "忽略补�中的添加的文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr "�应用补�，而是显示输入的差异统计（diffstat）"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
-msgstr "以数字方�显示添加或删除行的数�"
+msgstr "以�进制数显示添加和删除的行数"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "�应用补�，而是显示输入的概�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "�应用补�，而是查看补�是��应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "确认补��以应用到当�索引"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "应用补�而�修改工作区"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "还应用此补�（与 --stat/--summary/--check 选项�时使用）"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "如果一个补��能应用则�试三路�并"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr "创建一个临时索引基于嵌入的索引信�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:462
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "确�至少匹� <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "动作"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "检查新增和修改的行中间的空白字符滥用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "查找上下文时忽略空白字符的�更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "��应用补�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "无需至少一行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "将拒�的补�片段�存在对应的 *.rej 文件中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "�许��的补�片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "�许�正确的文件末尾�行符"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "�信任补�片段的头信�中的行�"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "根目录"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "为所有文件��添加 <根目录>"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "�能打开补� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "抑制下�有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 msgstr[1] "抑制下�有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -2057,158 +2417,154 @@ msgstr "git archive：未�供远程URL"
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive：应为ACK/NACK，�得到EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive：NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "远程错误：%s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive：�议错误"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive：应为刷新"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
 msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
 msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "执行 'git bisect next'"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新 BISECT_HEAD 而�检出当��交"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:26
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git blame [选项] [版本选项] [版本] [--] 文件"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:31
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "[版本选项] 的文档记录在 git-rev-list(1) 中"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2316
+#: builtin/blame.c:2276
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "增��地显示�现的 blame �目"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2317
+#: builtin/blame.c:2277
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "边界�交显示空的 SHA-1（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2318
+#: builtin/blame.c:2278
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�把根�交作为边界（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2319
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2279
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
-msgstr "显示工作区状�"
+msgstr "显示命令消耗统计"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2320
+#: builtin/blame.c:2280
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示判断 blame �目�移的得分诊断信�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2321
+#: builtin/blame.c:2281
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始文件�（默认：自动）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2322
+#: builtin/blame.c:2282
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始的行�（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2323
+#: builtin/blame.c:2283
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示为一个适�机器读�的格�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2324
+#: builtin/blame.c:2284
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为�一行显示机器适用的�交信�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2325
+#: builtin/blame.c:2285
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用和 git-annotate 相�的输出模�（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2326
+#: builtin/blame.c:2286
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始时间戳（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2327
+#: builtin/blame.c:2287
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示长的SHA1�交�（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2328
+#: builtin/blame.c:2288
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��作者�字和时间戳（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2329
+#: builtin/blame.c:2289
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示作者的邮箱而�是�字（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2330
+#: builtin/blame.c:2290
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略空白差异"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2331
+#: builtin/blame.c:2291
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "花费�外的循环�找到更好的匹�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2332
+#: builtin/blame.c:2292
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用�自 <file> 的修订集而�是调用 git-rev-list"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2333
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2293
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
-msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+msgstr "使用 <file> 的内容作为最终的图片"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2334 builtin/blame.c:2335
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294 builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "score"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "得分"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2334
+#: builtin/blame.c:2294
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到文件内�跨文件的行拷�"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2335
+#: builtin/blame.c:2295
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到文件内�跨文件的行移动"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2336
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "n,m"
-msgstr "æ•°å­—"
+msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2336
+#: builtin/blame.c:2296
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�处�行范围在 n 和 m 之间的，从 1 开始"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-l] [-f] <分支�> [<起始点>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r] (-d | -D) <分支�>..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git branch [选项] (-m | -M) [<旧分支>] <新分支>"
 
 #  译者：��原�行格�，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串�长
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -2218,7 +2574,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "         '%s'，但未�并到 HEAD。"
 
 #  译者：��原�行格�，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串�长
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -2227,294 +2583,368 @@ msgstr ""
 "并未删除分支 '%s'， 虽然它已��并到 HEAD，\n"
 "         然而�尚未被�并到分支 '%s' 。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:181
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指�的�交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"分支 '%s' 没有完全�并。\n"
+"如果您确认�删除它，执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr "�能将 -a 和 -d �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:187
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指�的�交对象"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr "无法删除您当�所在的分支 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未�现。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:204
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr "分支 '%s' 未�现。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:211
-#, c-format
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指�的�交对象"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:217
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
-msgstr ""
-"分支 '%s' 没有完全�并。\n"
-"如果您确认�删除它，执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除远程分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除远程分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:240
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:338
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "分支 '%s' 未指�一个�交"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:410
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s：�� %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:412
+#: builtin/branch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[�� %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:416
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s：领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:418
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:421
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s：领先 %d，�� %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:424
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d，�� %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:537
+#: builtin/branch.c:490
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 无效引用 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "（�分支，正�基 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "（�分支，二分查找开始于 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "（分离自 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "（�分支）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:602
+#: builtin/branch.c:637
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "对象 '%s' 没有指�一个�交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:669
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "一些引用�能读�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:682
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "无法�命�当�分支因为�处于任何分支上。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的分支�：'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:640
+#: builtin/branch.c:707
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "分支�命�失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:644
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "�命�掉一个错误命�的旧分支 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:715
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "分支�命�为 %s，但 HEAD 没有更新�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:655
+#: builtin/branch.c:722
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "分支被�命�，但更新 config 文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:670
+#: builtin/branch.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "�法的对象� %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:694
+#: builtin/branch.c:761
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "�能写分支�述模版：%s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:724
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:791
 msgid "Generic options"
-msgstr "无效选项：%s"
+msgstr "通用选项"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:726
+#: builtin/branch.c:793
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示哈希值和主题，若�数出现两次则显示上游分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:727
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示信�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:728
+#: builtin/branch.c:795
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "设置跟踪模�（�� git-pull(1)）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:730
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "change upstream info"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "改�上游信�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:734
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "use colored output"
-msgstr "�能输出�定�"
+msgstr "使用彩色输出"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:735
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:802
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "作用于远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:738 builtin/branch.c:744 builtin/branch.c:765
-#: builtin/branch.c:771 builtin/commit.c:1395 builtin/commit.c:1396
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397 builtin/commit.c:1398 builtin/tag.c:470
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:805 builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:832
+#: builtin/branch.c:838 builtin/commit.c:1433 builtin/commit.c:1434
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435 builtin/commit.c:1436 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
-msgstr "（��交）\n"
+msgstr "�交"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:739 builtin/branch.c:745
+#: builtin/branch.c:806 builtin/branch.c:812
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打�包�该�交的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "具体的 git-branch 动作："
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:752
+#: builtin/branch.c:819
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出远程跟踪�本地分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:754
+#: builtin/branch.c:821
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除完全�并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:755
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除分支（�使没有�并）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:756
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "移动/�命�一个分支，以�它的引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "移动/�命�一个分支，�使目标已存在"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list branch names"
-msgstr "无效的分支�：'%s'"
+msgstr "列出分支�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:759
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建分支的引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "标记分支的�述"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
-msgstr "远程 %s 已�存在。"
+msgstr "强制创建（当已�存在）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:765
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
-msgstr "无法移除分支 %s"
+msgstr "�打�没有�并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:771
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only merged branches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打��并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:842
 msgid "list branches in columns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以列的方�显示分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法将 HEAD 解�为有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:793 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:860 builtin/clone.c:630
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有�于 /refs/heads 之下�"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#: builtin/branch.c:883
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 --verbose �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:864
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/branch.c:889 builtin/branch.c:928
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "必须�供分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:904
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "�能�分离头指针�供�述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:909
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "�能为一个以上的分支编辑�述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 尚无�交。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:919
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "没有分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:934
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "为�命��作�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:939
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "为设置新上游�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法设置 HEAD 的上游为 %s，因为 HEAD 没有指�任何分支。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946 builtin/branch.c:968 builtin/branch.c:990
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "版本库 '%s' �存在"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' �存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:962
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "为�消上游设置�作�供了太多的分支�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法�消 HEAD 的上游设置因为它没有指�一个分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:876
+#: builtin/branch.c:972
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有上游信�"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:987
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "手工创建 'HEAD' 没有�义"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:891
+#: builtin/branch.c:993
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr "'git branch' 的 -a 和 -r 选项带一个分支��数没有�义"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:894
+#: builtin/branch.c:996
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
 "track or --set-upstream-to\n"
 msgstr ""
+"选项 --set-upstream 已弃用并将被移除。考虑使用 --track 或 --set-upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:911
+#: builtin/branch.c:1013
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果你想用 '%s' 跟踪 '%s', 这么�：\n"
+"\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:912
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/branch.c:1014
+#, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
-msgstr "  HEAD分支：%s"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:913
+#: builtin/branch.c:1015
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
@@ -2529,238 +2959,272 @@ msgstr "需�一个版本库�创建包。"
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "需�一个版本库�解包。"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:285
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<类型>|--textconv) <对象>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:286
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <对象列表>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:323
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<类型> �以是其中之一：blob�tree�commit�tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:324
 msgid "show object type"
-msgstr "�的对象类型。"
+msgstr "显示对象类型"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:325
 msgid "show object size"
-msgstr "�对象 %s"
+msgstr "显示对象大�"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当没有错误时退出并返回零"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:328
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "美观地打�对象的内容"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:330
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对于数�（blob）对象，对其内容执行 textconv"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:332
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从标准输入�供的对象的信�和内容"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:335
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
-msgstr "�能从标准输入中读�日志信�"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入�供的对象的信�"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:11
 msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] 路径�..."
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:12
-msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <路径列表>"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:19
 msgid "report all attributes set on file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报告设置在文件上的所有属性"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:20
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使用索引中的 .gitattributes"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读出文件�"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
 msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
-msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
+msgstr "输入路径以null字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1054 builtin/gc.c:177
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "�显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "显示未匹�的输入路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:143
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "�能�时�供路径� --stdin �数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:146
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 需�和 --stdin �数共用�有�义"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:148
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "未指定路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:152
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "�数 --quiet �在�供一个路径�时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "�能�时�供 --quiet 和 --verbose �数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching 选项�在使用 --verbose 时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [选项] <�系地�>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "还从标准输入读��系地�"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "�能解��系地�：%s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "未指定�系地�"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git checkout-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
 msgid "check out all files in the index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检出索引区的所有文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
 msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制覆盖现有的文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
 msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "存在或�在索引中的文件都没有警告"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "don't checkout new files"
-msgstr "�能检出 %s"
+msgstr "�检出新文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "update stat information in the index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+msgstr "更新索引中文件的状�信�"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�路径列表"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
 msgid "write the content to temporary files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将内容写入临时文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
 msgid "string"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "字符串"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
 msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在创建文件时，在��加上<字符串>"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
 msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从指定暂存区中拷出文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:25
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] <分支>"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:26
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] [<分支>] -- <文件>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:117 builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:119 builtin/checkout.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有全部必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:196
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "path '%s'：无法�并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:213
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 '%s' 添加�并结果"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:237 builtin/checkout.c:240 builtin/checkout.c:243
+#: builtin/checkout.c:246
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
-msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' �能在更新路径时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和 %s �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�能�时更新路径并切�到分支'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:266 builtin/checkout.c:458
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "��的索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:329 builtin/checkout.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未�并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:480
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "您需�先解决当�索引的冲�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:601
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�能对 '%s' 执行 reflog �作\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD 目��于"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "�置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:649
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "已��于 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切�并�置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618
+#: builtin/checkout.c:655 builtin/checkout.c:997
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切�到一个新分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:657
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切�到分支 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... �其它 %d 个。\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:719
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2781,7 +3245,7 @@ msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:737
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2796,497 +3260,619 @@ msgstr ""
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:767
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "在版本�历时�到内部错误"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:771
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "之�的 HEAD �置是"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:798 builtin/checkout.c:992
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "您�于一个尚未�始化的分支"
 
 #. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "无效引用：%s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "引用�是一个树：%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:961
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs 和切�分支�兼容。"
+msgstr "路径�能和切�分支�时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964 builtin/checkout.c:968
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和切�分支�时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972 builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:980
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1017 builtin/checkout.c:1020 builtin/checkout.c:1025
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1028
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
-msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' �能和 '%s' �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
-msgstr "无法切�分支到一个��交。"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�能切�分支到一个��交 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1055 builtin/checkout.c:1057 builtin/clone.c:89
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "branch"
-msgstr "�于分支 "
+msgstr "分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1056
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建并检出一个新的分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1058
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建/�置并检出一个分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
-msgstr "列出�创建或删除分支"
+msgstr "为新的分支创建引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�为指�该�交的分离头指针"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
-msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
+msgstr "为新的分支设置上游信�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new branch"
-msgstr "[新分支]"
+msgstr "新分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
 msgid "new unparented branch"
-msgstr "没有当�分支。"
+msgstr "新的没有父�交的分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对尚未�并的文件检出我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对尚未�并的文件检出他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制检出（丢弃本地修改）"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "和新的分支执行三路�并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1025 builtin/merge.c:215
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
-msgstr "更新文件失败"
+msgstr "更新忽略的文件（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026 builtin/log.c:1111 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071 builtin/log.c:1208 parse-options.h:249
 msgid "style"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "风格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1072
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "冲�输出风格（merge 或 diff3）"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1075
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "对路径��稀�检出的�制"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1077
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�者猜测'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1101
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
+msgstr "-b�-B 和 --orphan 是互斥的"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1118
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track 需�一个分支�"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "缺少分支�；�试 -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "无效的路径规格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1120
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1167
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout：更新路径和切�分支�兼容。\n"
-"您是想�检出 '%s' 但未能将其解�为�交么？"
+"�能�时更新路径并切�到分支'%s'。\n"
+"您是想�检出 '%s' 但其未能解�为�交么？"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1172
+#, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
-msgstr "git checkout：--detach �跟路径�数"
+msgstr "git checkout：--detach �能接收路径�数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1129
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1176
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout：在从索引检出时，--ours/--theirs�--force 和 --merge �兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+#: builtin/clean.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <模�>] [-x | -X] [--] <路径>..."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+#: builtin/clean.c:29
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "将忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:293
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
 msgstr ""
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 通过编�选择一个选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"           - （空）什么也�选择"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
+#: builtin/clean.c:297
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
 msgstr ""
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 选择一个选项\n"
+"3-5        - 选择一个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - 选择多个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"-...       - �选特定的选项\n"
+"*          - 选择所有选项\n"
+"           - （空）结�选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "嗯（%s）？"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/clean.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "输入模版以排除�目>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "警告：无法找到和 %s 匹�的�目"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:716
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "选择�删除的�目"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "删除 %s？"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:781
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "��。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:789
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - 开始清�\n"
+"filter by pattern   - 通过模版排除�删除的�目\n"
+"select by numbers   - 通过数字选择�删除的�目\n"
+"ask each            - 针对删除�一询问（就� \"rm -i\"）\n"
+"quit                - �止删除并退出\n"
+"help                - 显示本帮助\n"
+"?                   - 显示如何在�示符下选择的帮助"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:816
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** 命令 ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "请选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:825
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "将删除如下�目："
+msgstr[1] "将删除如下�目："
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:842
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "没有�清�的文件，退出。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "�打�删除文件的�称"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "强制"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "交互�清除"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
 msgid "remove whole directories"
-msgstr "两个输出目录？"
+msgstr "删除整个目录"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:802
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:716
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:493 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "pattern"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模�"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
 msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加<模�>到忽略规则"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
 msgid "remove ignored files, too"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "也删除忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
 msgid "remove only ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�删除忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
 msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
 msgstr "-x 和 -X �能�时使用"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未�供 -n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
+"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未�供 -i�-n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未�供 -n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "无法删除 %s"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "�会删除 %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
-#, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未�供 -i�-n 或 -f 选项，拒�执行清�动作"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git clone [选项] [--] <版本库> [<路径>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:462
 msgid "force progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制显示进度报告"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:66
 msgid "don't create a checkout"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�创建一个检出"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "create a bare repository"
-msgstr "�是一个 git 版本库"
+msgstr "创建一个裸版本库"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:72
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建一个镜�版本库（也是裸版本库）"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:74
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从本地版本库克隆"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:76
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使用本地硬链接，始终�制"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:78
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
-msgstr "�是一个 git 版本库"
+msgstr "设置为共享版本库"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在克隆时�始化�模组"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "template-directory"
-msgstr "文件/目录"
+msgstr "模�目录"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:486
 msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模�目录将被使用"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:86
 msgid "reference repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用版本库"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "name"
-msgstr "�命�"
+msgstr "�称"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:88
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用<�称>而�是 'origin' 去跟踪上游"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:90
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检出<分支>而�是远程HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:92
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-pack 路径"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:747
+#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:661
 msgid "depth"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "深度"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:94
 msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:96
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�克隆一个分支�HEAD 或 --branch"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git目录"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git目录和工作区分离"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:99
 msgid "key=value"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "key=value"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:100
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
-msgstr "记录�更到版本库"
+msgstr "在新版本库中设置�置信�"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:253
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' �是一个本地目录。"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' �是一个本地版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:318 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "无法枚举 '%s' 状�"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s 存在且�是一个目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状�\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:356
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建链接 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法拷�文件至 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:383
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "完�。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:396
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"克隆�功，但是检出失败。\n"
+"您�以通过 'git status' 检查哪些已被检出，然�使用命令\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD' �试\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "�能�现�克隆的远程分支 %s。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "检查连接... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "远程没有��所有必须的对象"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:560
+#, c-format
+msgid "done\n"
+msgstr "完�\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:621
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "远程 HEAD 指�一个�存在的引用，无法检出。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:642
+#: builtin/clone.c:652
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "�能检出工作区"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:760
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "太多�数。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:646
+#: builtin/clone.c:764
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "您必须指定一个版本库�克隆。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:657
+#: builtin/clone.c:775
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "--bare 和 --origin %s 选项�兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:671
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --separate-git-dir 选项�兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:791
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "版本库 '%s' �存在"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:676
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略，改为 file:// �议试试。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:686
+#: builtin/clone.c:798
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local 被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:808
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已�存在，并且�是一个空目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:696
+#: builtin/clone.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "工作区 '%s' 已�存在。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709 builtin/clone.c:723
+#: builtin/clone.c:831 builtin/clone.c:843
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "�能为 '%s' 创建先导目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:712
+#: builtin/clone.c:834
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "�能为 '%s' 创建工作区目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:731
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "克隆到裸版本库 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:733
+#: builtin/clone.c:855
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "正克隆到 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:789
+#: builtin/clone.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "�知�如何克隆 %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:838
+#: builtin/clone.c:942
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "远程分支 %s 在上游 %s 未�现"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:845
+#: builtin/clone.c:949
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "您似乎克隆了一个空版本库。"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:9
 msgid "git column [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git column [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:26
 msgid "lookup config vars"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查找�置��"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "layout to use"
-msgstr "本地已过时"
+msgstr "�使用的布局"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:29
 msgid "Maximum width"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "最大宽度"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:30
 msgid "Padding space on left border"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "左边框的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:31
 msgid "Padding space on right border"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�边框的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:32
 msgid "Padding space between columns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "两列之间的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command 必须是第一个�数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:33
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+#: builtin/commit.c:35
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [选项] [--] <路径匹�>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:38
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+#: builtin/commit.c:40
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [选项] [--] <路径匹�>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:45
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3309,7 +3895,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:57
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3318,109 +3904,127 @@ msgstr ""
 "您�修补最近的�交，但这么�会让它�为空�交。您�以��您的命令并带上\n"
 "--allow-empty 选项，或者您�用命令 \"git reset HEAD^\" 整个删除该�交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:62
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "之�的拣选�作现在是一个空�交，�能是由冲�解决导致的。如果您无论如何\n"
 "也��交，使用命令：\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"�则，请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:256
+#: builtin/commit.c:69
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "�则，请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您想跳过这个�交，使用命令：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"然�执行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\" 继续对其余�交执行拣选\n"
+"�作。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:279
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "无法解包 HEAD 树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/commit.c:321
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "�能创建临时索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:304
+#: builtin/commit.c:327
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "交互�添加失败"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:337 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/commit.c:408
+#: builtin/commit.c:360 builtin/commit.c:381 builtin/commit.c:431
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "无法写 new_index 文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:412
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr "在�并过程中�能�部分�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:414
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr "在拣选过程中�能�部分�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:401
+#: builtin/commit.c:424
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "无法读�索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:421
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "无法写临时索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:510 builtin/commit.c:516
+#: builtin/commit.c:535 builtin/commit.c:541
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "无效的�交：%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:539
+#: builtin/commit.c:563
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "�法的 --author �数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:600
+#: builtin/commit.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "�法的身份字符串：'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638 builtin/commit.c:671 builtin/commit.c:985
+#: builtin/commit.c:621 builtin/commit.c:654 builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "�能查询�交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:650 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:633 builtin/shortlog.c:271
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:652
+#: builtin/commit.c:635
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "�能从标准输入中读�日志信�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:656
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "�能读�日志文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:662
+#: builtin/commit.c:645
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "�交说明为空"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:678
+#: builtin/commit.c:661
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "�能读� MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:682
+#: builtin/commit.c:665
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "�能读� SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:686
+#: builtin/commit.c:669
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "�能读� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "�能写�交模版"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:749
+#: builtin/commit.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3434,7 +4038,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "然��试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:754
+#: builtin/commit.c:746
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3448,375 +4052,375 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t%s\n"
 "然��试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被忽略，而一个空的�交\n"
+"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被忽略，而一个空的�交\n"
 "说明将会终止�交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:771
+#: builtin/commit.c:763
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被�留，您�以删除它们\n"
-"如果您想这样�的�。而一个空的�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
+"请为您的�更输入�交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被�留，如果您原�\n"
+"也�以删除它们。一个空的�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: builtin/commit.c:784
+#: builtin/commit.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%s作者：     %s"
 
 #  译者：为��在输出中对�，注�调整�中空格�
-#: builtin/commit.c:791
+#: builtin/commit.c:783
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%s�交者：   %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:811
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "无法读�索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#: builtin/commit.c:845
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:863 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:860 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "请使用 -m 或者 -F 选项�供�交说明。\n"
+msgstr "请使用 -m 或 -F 选项�供�交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "没有找到匹� '%s' 的作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:975 builtin/commit.c:1175
+#: builtin/commit.c:972 builtin/commit.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的未追踪文件�数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1009
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long 和 -z 选项�兼容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1039
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "�时使用 --reset-author 和 --author 没有�义"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1050
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "您没有�修补的�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1029
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个�并过程中 -- 无法修补�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1031
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个拣选过程中 -- 无法修补�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+#: builtin/commit.c:1058
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup �能�时使用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "�能用一个 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "选项 -m �能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1054
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr "--reset-author �能和 -C�-c 或 --amend �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1071
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr "�能用一个 --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1073
+#: builtin/commit.c:1097
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "�数 --include/--only �跟路径没有�义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1075
+#: builtin/commit.c:1099
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "�明... 在索引�干净下修补最�的�交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1077
+#: builtin/commit.c:1101
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "指定了明确的路径而没有使用 -i 或 -o 选项；认为是 --only paths..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1087 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1111 builtin/tag.c:575
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "无效的清�模� %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1092
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "路径和 -a 选项�时使用没有�义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1189 builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1222 builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "show status concisely"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以简�的格�显示状�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1191 builtin/commit.c:1419
+#: builtin/commit.c:1224 builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "show branch information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示分支信�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1193 builtin/commit.c:1421 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1226 builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/push.c:452
 msgid "machine-readable output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "机器�读的输出"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1229 builtin/commit.c:1461
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "以长格�显示状�（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1196 builtin/commit.c:1423
+#: builtin/commit.c:1232 builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�目以NUL字符结尾"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1198 builtin/commit.c:1426 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1234 builtin/commit.c:1467 builtin/fast-export.c:667
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:670 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1199 builtin/commit.c:1426
+#: builtin/commit.c:1235 builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示未跟踪的文件，“模��的�选�数：all�normal�no。（默认：all）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+#: builtin/commit.c:1238
 msgid "show ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1203 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1239 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "何时"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+#: builtin/commit.c:1240
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
+"忽略�模组的更改，“何时�的�选�数：all�dirty�untracked。（默认：all）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1206
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1242
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
-msgstr "无效的未追踪文件�数 '%s'"
+msgstr "以列的方�显示未跟踪的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1275
+#: builtin/commit.c:1313
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "无法找到新创建的�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1277
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "�能解�新创建的�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1318
+#: builtin/commit.c:1356
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "分离头指针"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:1320
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr "（根�交）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+#: builtin/commit.c:1425
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�交�功��显示概述信�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+#: builtin/commit.c:1426
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在�交说明模�里显示差异"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1428
 msgid "Commit message options"
-msgstr "�能得到 %s 的�交说明"
+msgstr "�交说明选项"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1429 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从文件中读��交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1430
 msgid "override author for commit"
-msgstr "�并未返回�交"
+msgstr "�交时覆盖作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431 builtin/gc.c:178
 msgid "date"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "日期"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "override date for commit"
-msgstr "�并未返回�交"
+msgstr "�交时覆盖日期"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:534
-#: builtin/notes.c:691 builtin/tag.c:457
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
-msgstr "无 tag 说明？"
+msgstr "说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1432
 msgid "commit message"
-msgstr "空�交信�。"
+msgstr "�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�用并编辑指定�交的�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1434
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�用指定�交的�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1435
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格�的�交说明用以修正指定的�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1436
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格�的�交说明用以压缩至指定的�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1399
+#: builtin/commit.c:1437
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "现在将该�交的作者改为我（和 -C/-c/--amend �数共用）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1400 builtin/log.c:1068 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1438 builtin/log.c:1160 builtin/revert.c:111
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加 Signed-off-by: 签�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1401
+#: builtin/commit.c:1439
 msgid "use specified template file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用指定的模�文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1402
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1440
 msgid "force edit of commit"
-msgstr "�并未返回�交"
+msgstr "强制编辑�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1403
+#  译者：�选值，�能翻译（或是原文中笔误，应为 mode）
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441
 msgid "default"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "default"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1403 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1441 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "设置如何删除�交说明里的空格和#注释"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1404
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1442
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
-msgstr "�能写�交模版"
+msgstr "在�交说明模�里包�状�信�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1405 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1443 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "key id"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1406 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1444 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "GPG �交签�"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
+#: builtin/commit.c:1447
 msgid "Commit contents options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�交内容选项"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1410
+#: builtin/commit.c:1448
 msgid "commit all changed files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�交所有改动的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1411
+#: builtin/commit.c:1449
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加指定的文件到索引区等待�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1412
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
 msgid "interactively add files"
-msgstr "交互�添加失败"
+msgstr "交互�添加文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1413
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1451
 msgid "interactively add changes"
-msgstr "交互�添加失败"
+msgstr "交互�添加�更"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "commit only specified files"
-msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
+msgstr "��交指定的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1415
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "绕过 pre-commit 钩�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1416
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1454
 msgid "show what would be committed"
-msgstr "��交的�更："
+msgstr "显示将��交的内容"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1424
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465
 msgid "amend previous commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "修改先�的�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1425
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "绕过 post-rewrite 钩�"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1430
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许一个空�交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许空的�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1464
+#: builtin/commit.c:1507
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "�能解� HEAD �交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1502 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1545 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "�能为读入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "��的 MERGE_HEAD 文件（%s）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1516
+#: builtin/commit.c:1559
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "�能读� MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1535
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "�能读��交说明：%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1549
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "终止�交；您未更改�自模版的�交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "终止�交因为�交说明为空。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1569 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1612 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "无法写�交对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1633
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法�定 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+#: builtin/commit.c:1637
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+#: builtin/commit.c:1648
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3827,177 +4431,185 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:7
 msgid "git config [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git config [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:52
 msgid "Config file location"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�置文件�置"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:53
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "use global config file"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+msgstr "使用全局�置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "use system config file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用系统级�置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:55
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "use repository config file"
-msgstr "需�一个版本库�解包。"
+msgstr "使用版本库级�置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:56
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "use given config file"
-msgstr "未预期的文件结�"
+msgstr "使用指定的�置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:57
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "Action"
-msgstr "动作"
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "数�对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "从给定的数�对象读��置"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:58
-msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "�作"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:59
-msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获�值：name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:60
-msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获得所有的值：key [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:61
-msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "根�正则表达�获得值：name-regex [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:62
-msgid "add a new variable: name value"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "替�所有匹�的��：name value [value_regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:63
-msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "添加一个新的��：name value"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:64
-msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除一个��：name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:65
-msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除所有匹�项：name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:66
-msgid "remove a section: name"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "�命��节：old-name new-name"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:67
-msgid "list all"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "删除一个�节：name"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "列出所有"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "open an editor"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打开一个编辑器"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69 builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:70 builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "slot"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "slot"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到�置的颜色：[默认]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到颜色设置：[stdout-is-tty]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "Type"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类型"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "值是 \"true\" 或 \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "value is decimal number"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "值是�进制数"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "值是 --bool or --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "值是一个路径（文件或目录�）"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "Other"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "其它"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "终止值是NUL字节"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:78
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查询时�照 include 指令递归查找"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "以用户�读的格�显示大�"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [选项] <�交�>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git describe [选项] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 无效"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入�称"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 的确是在 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "�是一个有效的对象� %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s �是一个有效的 '%s' 对象"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "�索�述 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "完��索 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4006,7 +4618,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "没有注释 tag 能�述 '%s'。\n"
 "然而，有�注释 tag：�试 --tags。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4015,12 +4627,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "没有注释 tag 能�述 '%s'。\n"
 "�试 --always，或者创建一些 tag。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "已�历 %lu 个�交\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -4029,62 +4641,64 @@ msgstr ""
 "�现多于 %i 个 tag，列出最近的 %i 个\n"
 "在 %s 放弃�索\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "寻找�交之�的 tag（用于�述�交）"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在标准错误上调试�索策略"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "使用任�引用"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "使用任� tag，�使未带注解"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "始终使用长�交�格�"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "�跟�第一个父�交"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
-msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹� '%s'"
+msgstr "�输出精确匹�"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "考虑最近 <n> 个 tags（默认：10）"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "输出和模�匹�的行"
+msgstr "�考虑匹� <模�> 的 tags"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示简写的�交�作为�备"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "标记"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "若工作区�（有�更）在结尾添加 <标记>（默认：\"-dirty\"）"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long 与 --abbrev=0 �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "没有�现�称，无法�述任何东西。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "--dirty �能与�交�时使用"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
@@ -4092,232 +4706,226 @@ msgstr "--dirty �能与�交�时使用"
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "'%s'：�是一个正规文件或符�链接"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "无效选项：%s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "�是一个 git 版本库"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "�供了无效对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "�供了超过 %d 个树对象：'%s'"
-
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "�供了超过两个二进制对象（blob）：'%s'"
+msgstr "�供了超过两个数�（blob）对象：'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "�供了无法处�的对象 '%s'。"
 
 #: builtin/fast-export.c:22
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:666
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
-msgstr "显示��类型的对象"
+msgstr "在 <n> 个对象之�显示进度"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:668
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "选择如何处�签� tags"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:671
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "选择当 tag 指�被过滤时 tags 的处�方�"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:674
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把标记存储到这个文件"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:676
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从这个文件导入标记"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当 tags 缺少标记者字段时，�装�供一个"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:680
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�次�交都输出整个树"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 done 功能�终止�"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过数�对象的输出"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:20
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用表达�>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:21
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] <组>"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:22
 msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<选项>] [(<版本库> | <组>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:23
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<选项>]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:60
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从所有的远程抓�"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:62
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "追加到 .git/FETCH_HEAD 而�是覆盖它"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:64
 msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "上传包到远程的路径"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:65
 msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制覆盖本地分支"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:67
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从多个远程抓�"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:69
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
-msgstr "更新远程引用和相关的对象"
+msgstr "抓�所有的 tags 和关�对象"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:71
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�抓�任何 tags (--no-tags)"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:73
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
-msgstr "%s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "清除远程已��存在的分支的跟踪分支"
 
+#  译者：�选值，�能翻译
 #: builtin/fetch.c:74
 msgid "on-demand"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "on-demand"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:75
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "控制�模组的递归抓�"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��下载包"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:81
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
-msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
+msgstr "�许更新 HEAD 引用"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:84
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "深化浅克隆的历�"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "转�为一个完整的版本库"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88 builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "dir"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "目录"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
-msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "在�模组路径输出的��加上此目录"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "递归的默认模�"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:220
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "无法�现远程 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "对象 %s 未�现"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:260
+#: builtin/fetch.c:278
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[最新]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274
+#: builtin/fetch.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  （在当�分支下�能获�）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:275 builtin/fetch.c:361
+#: builtin/fetch.c:293 builtin/fetch.c:379
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[已拒�]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:286
+#: builtin/fetch.c:304
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[tagæ›´æ–°]"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:288 builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:341
+#: builtin/fetch.c:306 builtin/fetch.c:341 builtin/fetch.c:359
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  （�能更新本地引用）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:306
+#: builtin/fetch.c:324
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[æ–°tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:309
+#: builtin/fetch.c:327
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[新分支]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:312
+#: builtin/fetch.c:330
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[新引用]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:357
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "�能更新本地引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:357
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:363
+#: builtin/fetch.c:381
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "（�快进�）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:394 builtin/fetch.c:686
+#: builtin/fetch.c:412 builtin/fetch.c:718
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "无法打开 %s：%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:403
+#: builtin/fetch.c:421
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s 未��所有必须的对象\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:489
+#: builtin/fetch.c:520
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "�自 %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:500
+#: builtin/fetch.c:531
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -4327,203 +4935,208 @@ msgstr ""
 " 'git remote prune %s' �删除旧的�有冲�的分支"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
-msgstr "   （%s 将�为悬空状�）"
+msgstr "   （%s 将�为摇摆状�）"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:551
+#: builtin/fetch.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
-msgstr "   （%s 已�为悬空状�）"
+msgstr "   （%s 已�为摇摆状�）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558
+#: builtin/fetch.c:589
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[已删除]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:559 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:590 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "（无）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:676
+#: builtin/fetch.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "拒�获�到�裸版本库的当�分支 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:710
+#: builtin/fetch.c:742
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr "�知�如何从 %s 获�"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#: builtin/fetch.c:823
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 的值 \"%s\" 对于 %s 是无效的"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:790
+#: builtin/fetch.c:826
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 为 %s 所忽略\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:892
+#: builtin/fetch.c:928
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "正在获� %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:894 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:930 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "�能获� %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:913
+#: builtin/fetch.c:949
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr "未指定远程版本库。请通过一个URL或远程版本库�指定，用以获�新�交。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:933
+#: builtin/fetch.c:969
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "您需�指定一个 tag �称。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:985
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1015
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth 和 --unshallow �能�时使用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1017
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "对于一个完整的版本库，�数 --unshallow 没有�义"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1036
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all �能带一个版本库�数"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:987
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1038
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "fetch --all 带引用表达�没有任何�义"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:998
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "没有这样的远程或远程组：%s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1006
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1057
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "获�组并指定引用表达�没有�义"
 
 #: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
 msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:786
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:192
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:700
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:179
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:243
 msgid "n"
-msgstr "æ•°å­—"
+msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��交说明中最多�制指定�目（�并而�的�交）的简短说明"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�数 --log 的别�（已弃用）"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "文本"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 <文本> 作为�交说明的开始"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
-msgstr "�能读 %s"
+msgstr "从文件中读�"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [选项] [<模�>]"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 shells"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 perl"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 python"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用��符适用于 tcl"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
 msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示 <n> 个匹�的引用"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
 msgid "format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "格�"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
 msgid "format to use for the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输出格�"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
 msgid "key"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "key"
 
 #: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
 msgid "field name to sort on"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "排�的字段�"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:608
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [选项] [<对象>...]"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:614
 msgid "show unreachable objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示��达的对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:615
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "show dangling objects"
-msgstr "索引对象中"
+msgstr "显示摇摆的对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:616
 msgid "report tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报告 tags"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:617
 msgid "report root nodes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报告根节点"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:618
 msgid "make index objects head nodes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将索引亦作为检查的头节点"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:619
 msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将引用日志作为检查的头节点（默认）"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:620
 msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "也考虑包和备用对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:621
 msgid "enable more strict checking"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�用更严格的检查"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:623
 msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将摇摆对象写入 .git/lost-found 中"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
 msgid "show progress"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示进度"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:22
 msgid "git gc [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git gc [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:63
 #, c-format
@@ -4537,22 +5150,17 @@ msgstr "�正常的长对象目录 %.*s"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:179
 msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除未引用的对象"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:181
 msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更彻底（增加�行时间）"
 
 #: builtin/gc.c:182
 msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�用自动垃圾回收模�"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
-
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -4561,239 +5169,235 @@ msgstr ""
 "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。您还�以手动�行 \"git gc\"。\n"
 "�� \"git help gc\" 以获�更多信�。\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#: builtin/gc.c:249
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr "有太多��达的�散对象，�行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
 
 #: builtin/grep.c:22
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git grep [选项] [-e] <模�> [<修订>...] [[--] <路径>...]"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep：无法创建线程：%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:454
+#: builtin/grep.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "无法切�目录：%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:530 builtin/grep.c:564
+#: builtin/grep.c:442 builtin/grep.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "无法读�树（%s）"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:578
+#: builtin/grep.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "无法抓��自于 %s 类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:636
+#: builtin/grep.c:550
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "开关 `%c' 期望一个数字值"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:653
+#: builtin/grep.c:567
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "�能打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:728
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在索引区�索而�是在工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:730
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在未被 git 管�的内容中查找"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
-msgstr "（使用 -u �数显示未跟踪的文件）"
+msgstr "在跟踪和未跟踪的文件中�索"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "也在忽略的文件中�索"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:737
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示未匹�的行"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:739
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�区分大�写匹�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:741
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�在��边界匹�模�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把二进制文件当�文本处�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:745
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�在二进制文件中匹�模�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:748
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "最多以指定的深度�下寻找"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:752
+#: builtin/grep.c:666
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用扩展的 POSIX 正则表达�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:755
+#: builtin/grep.c:669
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用基本的 POSIX 正则表达�（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:758
+#: builtin/grep.c:672
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把模�解�为固定的字符串"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:761
+#: builtin/grep.c:675
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:764
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
 msgid "show line numbers"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示行�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:765
+#: builtin/grep.c:679
 msgid "don't show filenames"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示文件�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:766
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show filenames"
-msgstr "%s文件："
+msgstr "显示文件�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:768
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:770
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示文件�而�显示匹�的行"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:772
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "和 --files-with-matches �义"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:775
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示未匹�的文件�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:777
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
-msgstr "为所有文件��添加 <根目录>"
+msgstr "在文件��输出 NUL 字符"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:779
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示总匹�行数，而�显示匹�的行"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:780
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
 msgid "highlight matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "高亮显示匹�项"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:782
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在��文件的匹�项之间打�空行"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:784
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�在�一文件的匹�项的上�显示一次文件�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:787
+#: builtin/grep.c:701
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示匹�项��的 <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:790
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示匹�项� <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:792
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示匹�项� <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:793
+#: builtin/grep.c:707
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "快�键 -C 数字"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:796
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在匹�的��显示一行函数�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:798
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示所在函数的��内容"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:801
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
 msgid "read patterns from file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从文件读�模�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:803
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "match <pattern>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "匹� <模�>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:805
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "组�用 -e �数设定的模�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:817
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�输出，而用退出�标识命中状�"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:819
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示匹�所有模�的文件中的匹�"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "显示 grep 表达�的解�树"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "pager"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分页"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:739
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分页显示匹�的文件"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
+#: builtin/grep.c:742
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许调用 grep(1)（本次构建忽略）"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826 builtin/show-ref.c:201
+#: builtin/grep.c:743 builtin/show-ref.c:188
 msgid "show usage"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示用法"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:917
+#: builtin/grep.c:810
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "未�供模�匹�。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:931
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "�对象 %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:972
+#: builtin/grep.c:865
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 仅用于工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:995
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked �能与 --no-index �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1000
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked �能和版本�时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1003
+#: builtin/grep.c:896
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard �能用于已跟踪内容。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1011
+#: builtin/grep.c:904
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "�时给出了 --cached 和树对象。"
 
@@ -4802,81 +5406,85 @@ msgid ""
 "git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
 "<file>..."
 msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <类型>] [-w] [--path=<文件>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<文件>..."
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:61
 msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <路径列表>"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:72
 msgid "type"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类型"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:72
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "object type"
-msgstr "�的对象类型。"
+msgstr "对象类型"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:73
 msgid "write the object into the object database"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将对象写入对象数�库"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:74
 msgid "read the object from stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:76
 msgid "store file as is without filters"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "原样存储文件�使用过滤器"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:77
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "处�文件并�设其�自于此路径"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
-msgstr "在 '%s' 下�用的 git 命令"
+msgstr "打�所有�用的命令"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "显示有用的指�列表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示 man 手册"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在 web �览器中显示手册"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示 info 手册"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [命令]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "未能识别的帮助格� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "无法�动 emacsclient。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "无法解� emacsclient 版本。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
-msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太� (< 22)。"
+msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太�（< 22）。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "无法执行 '%s'：%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4885,7 +5493,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "'%s'：�支�的 man 手册查看器的路径。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.cmd'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4894,307 +5502,335 @@ msgstr ""
 "'%s': 支�的 man 手册查看器命令。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.path'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有："
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s'：未知的 man 查看器。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 man 查看器处�此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 info 查看器处�此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "定义路径的属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Git �汇表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "忽略指定的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "定义�模组属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "指定 Git 的版本和版本范围"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "一个 Git 教程（针对 1.5.1 或更新版本）"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Git 推�的工作�概览"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "最常用的 Git �导有：\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "用法：%s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "`git %s' 是 `%s' 的别�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "%s 的对象类型�匹�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "�外的类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 msgstr[1] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "过早的文件结�符（EOF）"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "输入上的读错误"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "用掉了超过�用的字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "包太大超过了当� off_t 的定义"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "�能创建 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "包签��匹�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�支�包版本 %<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "包中有错误的对象�于 %lu：%s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "解压缩返回 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "�移值覆盖了 delta 基准对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "delta 基准�移越界"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "未知对象类型 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "无法读�包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "包文件过早结�，缺少 %lu 字节"
 msgstr[1] "包文件过早结�，缺少 %lu 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "解压缩严�的�一致"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "�现 %s 出现 SHA1 冲��"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "�能读 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "�能读�现存对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
-msgstr "无效的二进制对象（blob）%s"
+msgstr "无效的数�（blob）对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "无效的 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "对象中出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "%s 的所有�对象并�都�达"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:838 builtin/index-pack.c:868
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "无法应用 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "接收对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1009
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "索引对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1035
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "包冲�（SHA1 �匹�）"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1040
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "�能枚举包文件状�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1043
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "包的结尾有垃圾数�"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "parse_pack_objects() 中�到���喻的问题"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "处� delta 中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1087
+#, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
-msgstr "grep：无法创建线程：%s"
+msgstr "�能创建线程：%s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1129
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "���喻"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "完� %d 个本地对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对 %s 的尾部校验出现�外（�盘��？）"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 msgstr[1] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1176
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
-msgstr "�能缩�附加对象（%d）"
+msgstr "�能压缩附加对象（%d）"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1255
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "本地对象 %s 已��"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1279
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "关闭包文件时出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1292
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法写�留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1300
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法关闭�留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1313
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "无法存储包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1324
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1357
+#, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
-msgstr "�的索引版本 '%s'"
+msgstr "�的 pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1363
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "指定的线程数无效（%d）"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "没有线程支�，忽略 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1425
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开现存包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1427
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 打开包索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1474
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "� delta：%d 个对象"
 msgstr[1] "� delta：%d 个对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 msgstr[1] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1509
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "无法返回当�工作目录"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1557 builtin/index-pack.c:1560
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1572 builtin/index-pack.c:1576
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "错误选项 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1590
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin �能和 --stdin �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1594 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "包� '%s' 没有以 '.pack' 结尾"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1613
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "--verify 没有�供包��数"
 
@@ -5317,22 +5953,23 @@ msgstr "无法获知当�路径"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:467
 msgid ""
-"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
-"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
 msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<模�目录>] [--shared[=<��>]] "
+"[目录]"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:490
 msgid "permissions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:491
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "指定 git 版本库是多个用户之间共享的"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75
 msgid "be quiet"
-msgstr "更加安�"
+msgstr "��安�"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
@@ -5362,629 +5999,620 @@ msgstr "�能访问当�工作目录"
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "�能访问工作区 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] <路径>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "   或者：git show [选项] <对象>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:124
 msgid "suppress diff output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示差异输出"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "show source"
-msgstr "�的�"
+msgstr "显示�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "使用邮件映射文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
 msgid "decorate options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "修饰选项"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "最终输出：%d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:453 builtin/log.c:545
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:569
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "未知类型：%d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:669
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers 没有值"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:751
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "输出目录�太长"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "无法打开补�文件 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:781
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "�需�一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "�是一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:891
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "信�需�邮件地�格�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:967
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "�正常的 in-reply-to：%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:890
+#: builtin/log.c:995
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git format-patch [选项] [<从> | <修订集范围>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1040
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "两个输出目录？"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1063
+#: builtin/log.c:1155
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH n/m]，�使�有一个补�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1066
+#: builtin/log.c:1158
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH]，�使有多个补�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1070
+#: builtin/log.c:1162
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打�补�到标准输出"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1072
+#: builtin/log.c:1164
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "生�一�附信"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1074
+#: builtin/log.c:1166
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用简�的数字�列作为输出文件�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1167
 msgid "sfx"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�缀"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1076
+#: builtin/log.c:1168
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 <�缀> 代替 '.patch'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1078
+#: builtin/log.c:1170
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "补�以 <n> 开始编�，而�是1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1172
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "标记补�系列是第几次�制"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1174
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [<�缀>] 代替 [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1177
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把结果文件存储在 <dir>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1086
+#: builtin/log.c:1180
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�删除/添加 [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1089
+#: builtin/log.c:1183
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�输出二进制差异"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1185
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�包�已在上游�交中的补�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1093
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示纯补�格�而�默认的（补�+状�）"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1095
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
 msgid "Messaging"
-msgstr "�并："
+msgstr "邮件��"
 
-#  译者：注����尾空格
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "header"
-msgstr "领先 "
+msgstr "header"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1097
+#: builtin/log.c:1191
 msgid "add email header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加邮件头"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098 builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1192 builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "email"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "邮件地�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
 msgid "add To: header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加收件人"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "add Cc: header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加抄�"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1196
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "设置 From 地�为 <ident>（如若��供，用�交者ID�为地�）"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
 msgid "message-id"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "message-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使第一�邮件作为对 <message-id> 的回�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1104 builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1201 builtin/log.c:1204
 msgid "boundary"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "边界"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1202
 msgid "attach the patch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "附件方�添加补�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "inline the patch"
-msgstr "忽略补�中的添加的文件"
+msgstr "内�显示补�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�用邮件线索，风格：浅，深"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1114
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "signature"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "签�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1115
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add a signature"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加一个签�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
-msgstr "无法打开补�文件 %s"
+msgstr "��打�补�文件�"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
+#: builtin/log.c:1288
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "虚�的�交者信� %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "包�无效的身份标识：%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
+#: builtin/log.c:1303
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
+#: builtin/log.c:1305
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1313
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only 无�义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1214
+#: builtin/log.c:1315
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status 无�义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1317
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check 无�义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1340
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "标准输出或目录，哪一个？"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1342
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "�能创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1490
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1443
+#: builtin/log.c:1539
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<上游> [<头> [<�制>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1594
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "�能找到跟踪的远程分支，请手工指定 <upstream>。\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1607 builtin/log.c:1609 builtin/log.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "未知�交 %s"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:408
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [选项] [<文件>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用标签标识文件的状�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用�写字�表示 '�设未改�的' 文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示缓存的文件（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
-msgstr "删除的文件 %s �有内容"
+msgstr "显示已删除的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示已修改的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show other files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示其它文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示暂存区内容的对象�称"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示文件系统需�删除的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示“其他�目录的�称"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
-msgstr "两个输出目录？"
+msgstr "�显示空目录"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示未�并的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示 resolve-undo 信�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:494
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
-msgstr "输出和模�匹�的行"
+msgstr "匹�排除文件的模�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:497
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从 <文件> 中读�排除模�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从 <文件> 读��外的�个目录的排除模�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加标准的 git 排除"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:505
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件�"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果任何 <文件> 都�在索引区，视为错误"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:509
 msgid "tree-ish"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "树或�交"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�装自从 <树或�交> 之�删除的路径�然存在"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:512
 msgid "show debugging data"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示调试数�"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<选项>] <树或�交> [<路径>...]"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
 msgid "only show trees"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示树"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
-msgstr "�基到远程 %s"
+msgstr "递归到�树"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当递归时显示树"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�目以NUL字符终止"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "include object size"
-msgstr "�供了无效对象 '%s'。"
+msgstr "包括对象大�"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
 msgid "list only filenames"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�列出文件�"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
 msgid "use full path names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用文件的全路径"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出整个树；�仅仅当�目录（�� --full-name）"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:43
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [选项] [<�交>...]"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:44
 msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge [选项] <说明> HEAD <�交>"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:45
 msgid "git merge --abort"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "开关 `m' 需�一个值"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr "�能找到�并策略 '%s'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "�用的策略有："
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "�用的自定义策略有："
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在�并的最��显示差异统计"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在�并的最�显示差异统计"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "（和 --stat �义）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在�并�交信�中添加（最多 <n> �）精简�交记录"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
-msgstr "在�并过程中�能�部分�交。"
+msgstr "创建一个�独的�交而�是�一次�并"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果�并�功，执行一次�交（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
-msgstr "尚未暂存以备�交的�更："
+msgstr "在�交�编辑�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
-msgstr "�快进"
+msgstr "�许快进（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果�能快进就放弃�并"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:867 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验�指定的�交是�包�一个有效的 GPG 签�"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "strategy"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "ç­–ç•¥"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
-msgstr "�试�并策略 %s...\n"
+msgstr "�使用的�并策略"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "option=value"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "所选的�并策略的选项"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�并的�交说明（针对�快进��并）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
-msgstr "无法�存当�索引状�"
+msgstr "放弃当�正在进行的�并"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "�能进行进度�存。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "进度�存失败"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "�是一个有效对象：%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "读�树失败"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " （无�压缩）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "压缩�交 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "写入 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "完� SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "无�并信� -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 没有指�一个�交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "�的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字符串：%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree 无法写入一树对象"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "无法读�缓存"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "�能处�两个头�并之外的任何�作。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "merge-recursive 的未知选项：-X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "�能写 %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "�能从 '%s' 读�"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr "未�交�并，使用 'git commit' 完�此次�并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "请输入一个�交信�以解释此�并的必�性，尤其是将一个更新�的上游分支\n"
 "�并到主题分支。\n"
 "\n"
-"以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略，而且空�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略，而且空�交说明将会终止�交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "空�交信�。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "太棒了。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr "自动�并失败，修正冲�然��交修正的结果。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' �是一个�交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "没有当�分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "当�分支没有对应的远程版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "当�分支没有定义默认的上游分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
-#, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
-msgstr "%s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - �能被�并"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "对于 %s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "没有�终止的�并（MERGE_HEAD 丢失）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5992,11 +6620,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "您尚未结�您的�并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。\n"
 "请在�并�先�交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结�您的�并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -6004,183 +6632,203 @@ msgstr ""
 "您尚未结�您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。\n"
 "请在�并�先�交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结�您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "您�能将 --squash 与 --no-ff �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "您�能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only �时使用。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "未指定�交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "�能将一个�交�并到空分支上"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "尚�支�到空分支的压缩�交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "到空分支的�快进��交没有�义"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - �能被�并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个��信的声称�自 %s 的 GPG 签�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个错误的声称�自 %s 的 GPG 签�。"
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "�交 %s 没有一个 GPG 签�。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "�交 %s 有一个�自 %s 的好的 GPG 签�。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "æ›´æ–° %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "�试�常�的索引内�并...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "无。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "无法快进，终止。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "将树回滚至原始状�...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "�试�并策略 %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "没有�并策略处�此�并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "使用策略 %s �并失败。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "使用 %s 以准备手工解决。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr "自动�并进展顺利，按�求在�交��止\n"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:26
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <�交> <�交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:27
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <�交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:28
 msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <�交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:29
 msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <�交> <�交>"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:98
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "output all common ancestors"
-msgstr "�现 %u 个共�祖先："
+msgstr "输出所有共�的祖先"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:99
 msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查找一个多路�并的祖先�交"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:100
 msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示�能被其他访问到的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:102
 msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "第一个是其他的祖先�交么？"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:8
 msgid ""
 "git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
 "file2"
 msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [选项] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:33
 msgid "send results to standard output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将结果��到标准输出"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:34
 msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用基于 diff3 的�并"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:35
 msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用我们的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:37
 msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用他们的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:39
 msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用��版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:42
 msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲�，使用指定长度的标记"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:43
 msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��警告冲�"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:45
 msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为 file1/orig_file/file2 设置标签"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:67
 msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:153
 msgid "input is NUL terminated"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输入以 NUL 字符终止"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "allow missing objects"
-msgstr "接收对象中"
+msgstr "�许丢失的对象"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:155
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许创建一个以上的树"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:14
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git mv [选项] <�>... <目标>"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:64
 msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制移动/�命令，�使目标存在"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:65
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "skip move/rename errors"
-msgstr "程�错误"
+msgstr "跳过移动/�命�错误"
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:108
 #, c-format
@@ -6244,327 +6892,298 @@ msgstr "�命� %s 至 %s\n"
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "�命� '%s' 失败"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] <�交>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打��称（无 SHA-1）"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使用 tags �命��交"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "输出和模�匹�的行"
+msgstr "�使用和 <模�> 相匹�的引用"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出�以从所有引用访问的�交"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从标准输入读�"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
 msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许打� `未定义` 的�称"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:23
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "��解�输入中的 tags（内部使用）"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] add [-f] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对"
+"象>] [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:25
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] copy [-f] <�对象> <目标对象>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] append [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对象"
+">] [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] edit [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] show [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <策略> ] <注解引用>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] remove [<对象>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:39
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [list [<对象>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:44
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<选项>] [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:49
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes copy [<选项>] <�对象> <目标对象>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:50
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<�对象> <目标对象>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:55
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<选项>] [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:60
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes edit [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:65
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes show [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:70
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge [<选项>] <注解引用>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:71
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<选项>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:72
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<选项>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:77
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes remove [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:82
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes prune [<选项>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:87
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "�能为对象 '%s' 开始 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "�能打开 'show' 输出文件�柄"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "�能读� 'show' 的输出"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管�"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 完� 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "�能创建文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "请通过 -m 或 -F 选项为注解�供内容"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "�能写注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "�能读� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:543
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "�能打开或读� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法解� '%s' 为一个有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "无法读�对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "�能�交未�始化/未引用的注解树"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "�的 notes.rewriteMode 值：'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "拒�� %s（在 refs/notes/ 之外）写入注解"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "�的 %s 值：'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "�法的输入行：'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法从 '%s' 到 '%s' 拷�注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "�数太多"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "未�现对象 %s 的注解。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:535 builtin/notes.c:692
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
-msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
+msgstr "注解内容作为一个字符串"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
-msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+msgstr "注解内容到一个文件中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:697
-#: builtin/notes.c:700 builtin/tag.c:476
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
-msgstr "�对象 %s"
+msgstr "对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
-msgstr "�能写注解对象"
+msgstr "�用和编辑指定的注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
-msgstr "�能写注解对象"
+msgstr "�用指定的注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:614
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
-msgstr "�能读�现存对象 %s"
+msgstr "替�已存在的注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "�能添加注解。�现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "覆盖对象 %s 现存注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:615
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
-msgstr "�对象 %s"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�新加载 <命令> 的�置（�� --stdin）"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "�数太少"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "�能拷�注解。�现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "�对象 %s 缺少注解。�能拷�。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -6573,262 +7192,250 @@ msgstr ""
 "�命令 'edit' 的选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已弃用。\n"
 "请�用 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:864
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
-msgstr "无效选项：%s"
+msgstr "通用选项"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:866
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�并选项"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:868
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用指定的策略解决注解冲� (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:870
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�交未�并的注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:872
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "通过�交未�并的注解�完�注解�并"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:874
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "中止注解�并的方案"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:876
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
-msgstr "path '%s'：无法�并"
+msgstr "中止注解�并"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "对象 %s 没有注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:983
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�试删除�存在的注解�是一个错误"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�对象�称"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "注解引用"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1068
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从 <注解引用> 使用注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "未知�命令：%s"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
 msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [选项...] [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
 msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-objects [选项...] base-name [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr "压缩错误 (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2398
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2397
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr "�支�的索引版本 %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2402
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2401
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr "�的索引版本 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2425
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2424
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr "选项 %s �接��定格�"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2429
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2428
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr "�能解�选项 %1$s 的值 '%2$s'"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2448
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2447
 msgid "do not show progress meter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示进度表"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2450
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2449
 msgid "show progress meter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示进度表"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2452
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2451
 msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在对象写入阶段显示进度表"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2454
 msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当进度表显示时类似于 --all-progress"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
 msgid "version[,offset]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "版本[,�移]"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2457
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
 msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用指定的 idx 格�版本�写包索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2460
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2459
 msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
-msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
+msgstr "�个输出包的最大尺寸"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2462
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2461
 msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略从替代对象存储里借用对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2464
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2463
 msgid "ignore packed objects"
-msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
+msgstr "忽略包对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2466
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2465
 msgid "limit pack window by objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�制打包窗�的对象数"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2468
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2467
 msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "除对象数��制外设置打包窗�的内存�制"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2470
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2469
 msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包�许的 delta 链的最大长度"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2472
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2471
 msgid "reuse existing deltas"
-msgstr "处� delta 中"
+msgstr "�用已存在的 deltas"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2474
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2473
 msgid "reuse existing objects"
-msgstr "�能读�现存对象 %s"
+msgstr "�用已存在的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2476
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2475
 msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 OFS_DELTA 对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2478
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2477
 msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用线程查询最佳 delta 匹�"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2480
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2479
 msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�创建空的包输出"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2482
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2481
 msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读�修订��数"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2484
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2483
 msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�制那些尚未打包的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2487
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2486
 msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括�以从任何引用访问到的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2490
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2489
 msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括被引用日志引用到的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2493
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2492
 msgid "output pack to stdout"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输出包到标准输出"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2495
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2494
 msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括引用了打包对象的 tag"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2496
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "维���达的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:141
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497 parse-options.h:141
 msgid "time"
 msgstr "时间"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2499
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498
 msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将比给定 <时间> 新的无法访问的对象解包"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2502
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2501
 msgid "create thin packs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建精简包"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2504
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2503
 msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略�有 .keep 文件的包"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2506
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2505
 msgid "pack compression level"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包压缩级别"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2508
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2507
 msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
-msgstr "�能写�交模版"
+msgstr "���移�覆盖的�交"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
 msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-refs [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
 msgid "pack everything"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包一切"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
 msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除�散的引用（默认）"
 
 #: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
 msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:12
 msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <时间>] [--] [<头>...]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:132
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "do not remove, show only"
-msgstr "�会删除 %s\n"
+msgstr "�删除，�显示"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:133
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "report pruned objects"
-msgstr "�能读�对象 %s"
+msgstr "报告清除的对象"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:136
 msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使早于给定时间的对象过期"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:14
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git push [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用表达�>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:45
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
@@ -6870,7 +7477,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:117
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6884,7 +7491,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6897,12 +7504,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:139
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "当�分支 %s 有多个上游分支，拒�推�。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:142
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6913,7 +7520,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "而没有告诉我�推�什么�更新哪个远程分支。"
 
 #  译者：字符串首行行首�添加“warning: �字串，故此首行�较其余行短
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:165
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6944,23 +7551,23 @@ msgstr ""
 "（'simple' 模�由 Git 1.7.11 版本引入。如果您有时�使用�版本的 Git，\n"
 "为��兼容，请用 'current' 代替 'simple' 模�）"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:225
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr "您没有为推�指定任何引用表达�，并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:232
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "更新被拒�，因为您当�分支的最新�交��于其对应的远程分支。\n"
-"�次推��，先与远程�更�并（如 'git pull'）。详�\n"
+"�次推��，先与远程�更�并（如 'git pull ...'）。详�\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:238
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6972,33 +7579,59 @@ msgstr ""
 "�置�� 'push.default' 设置为 'simple'�'current' 或 'upstream'\n"
 "以便�推�当�分支。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:244
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "更新被拒�，因为推�的一个分支的最新�交��于其对应的远程分支。\n"
-"检出该分支并与远程�更�并（如 'git pull'），然��推�。详�\n"
+"检出该分支并整�远程�更（如 'git pull ...'），然��推�。详�\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:250
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒�，因为远程版本库包�您本地尚�存在的�交。这通常是因为�外\n"
+"一个版本库已�该引用进行了推�。�次推��，您�能需�先整�远程�更\n"
+"（如 'git pull ...'）。\n"
+"详� 'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' �节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:257
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "更新被拒�因为 tag 在远程已�存在。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:260
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果�使用 '--force' �数，您�能更新一个指���交对象的远程引用，\n"
+"也�能更新远程引用让其指�一个��交对象。\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:320
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "推�到 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法推�一些引用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "�的版本库 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:358
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -7011,7 +7644,7 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 "没有�置推�目标。\n"
-"或者通过命令行指定URL，或者用下�命令�置一个远程版本库\n"
+"或通过命令行指定URL，或用下�命令�置一个远程版本库\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
 "\n"
@@ -7019,82 +7652,87 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:373
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --tags �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:374
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all �能和引用表达��时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:379
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror 和 --tags �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:380
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror �能和引用表达��时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:385
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --mirror �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:445
 msgid "repository"
-msgstr "�的版本库 '%s'"
+msgstr "版本库"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:446
 msgid "push all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "推�所有引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:447
 msgid "mirror all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "镜�所有引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:449
 msgid "delete refs"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:450
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "推� tags（�能使用 --all or --mirror）"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "check"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检查"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "控制�模组的递归推�"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "use thin pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用精简打包"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:458 builtin/push.c:459
 msgid "receive pack program"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "接收包程�"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "设置 git pull/status 的上游"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:463
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除本地删除的引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:465
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-push 钩�"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "推�缺失的有关的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:476
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete 与 --all�--mirror � --tags �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:478
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete 未接任何引用没有�义"
 
@@ -7104,155 +7742,160 @@ msgid ""
 "[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
 "index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
 msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<�缀>] [-"
+"u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<文件>] (--empty | <树或�交1> [<树或�交2> [<树或�交3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
-msgstr "��的索引文件"
+msgstr "将索引结果写入 <file>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
-msgstr "�能读�索引"
+msgstr "�是清空索引"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
-msgstr "�并："
+msgstr "�并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "读�之余�执行一个�并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果没有文件级�并需�，执行三路�并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "存在添加和删除时，也执行三路�并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类似于 -m，但丢弃未�并的�目"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
-msgstr "目录/文件"
+msgstr "<�目录>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "读�树对象到索引的 <�目录>/ 下"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用�并的结果更新工作区"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许忽略文件中设定的文件�以被覆盖"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
-msgstr "显示工作区状�"
+msgstr "�并��检查工作区"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�更新索引区和工作区"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过应用稀�检出过滤器"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "调试 unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 的值 '%1$s' �是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:616 builtin/reflog.c:621
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的时间戳"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:12
 msgid ""
 "git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
 "mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
 msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <分支>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <�称> <url>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
 msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote rename <旧�称> <新�称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
 msgid "git remote remove <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote remove <�称>"
 
-#: builtin/remote.c:15
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:42
 msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-head <�称> (-a | -d | <分支>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <�称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:17
 msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <�称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:18
 msgid ""
 "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<组> | <远程>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:19
 msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <�称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
 msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <�称> <新的地�> [<旧的地�>]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
 msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <�称> <新的地�>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
 msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <�称> <地�>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:27
 msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/remote.c:42
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote add [<选项>] <�称> <地�>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
 msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <�称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:48
 msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <�称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:53
 msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote show [<选项>] <�称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:58
 msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote prune [<选项>] <�称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:63
 msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote update [<选项>] [<组> | <远程>]..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
@@ -7273,34 +7916,32 @@ msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr "未知的镜��数：%s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:163
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "fetch the remote branches"
-msgstr "  远程分支：%s"
+msgstr "抓�远程的分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:165
 msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "抓�时导入所有的 tags 和关�对象"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:168
 msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "或�抓�任何 tag（--no-tags）"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:170
 msgid "branch(es) to track"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跟踪的分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:171
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "master branch"
-msgstr "  远程分支：%s"
+msgstr "主线分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:172
 msgid "push|fetch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "push|fetch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:173
 msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把远程设置为用以推�或抓�的镜�"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
@@ -7495,9 +8136,8 @@ msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr "    %-*s 推�至 %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1091
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "do not query remotes"
-msgstr "�会删除 %s\n"
+msgstr "�查询远程"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
@@ -7560,11 +8200,11 @@ msgstr[1] "  为 'git push' �置的本地引用%s："
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1199
 msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "根�远程设置 refs/remotes/<�称>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1201
 msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除 refs/remotes/<�称>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
@@ -7593,13 +8233,13 @@ msgstr "�能设置 %s"
 #: builtin/remote.c:1274
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s will become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 将�为悬空状��"
+msgstr " %s 将�为摇摆状��"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
 #: builtin/remote.c:1275
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s has become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 已�为悬空状��"
+msgstr " %s 已�为摇摆状��"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
@@ -7623,7 +8263,7 @@ msgstr " * [已删除] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1321
 msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "抓��清除远程"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
@@ -7631,9 +8271,8 @@ msgid "No such remote '%s'"
 msgstr "没有此远程 '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1407
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "add branch"
-msgstr "�于分支 "
+msgstr "添加分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
@@ -7641,16 +8280,15 @@ msgstr "未指定远程"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1436
 msgid "manipulate push URLs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�作推� URLS"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1438
 msgid "add URL"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加 URL"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1440
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "delete URLs"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除 URLS"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
@@ -7672,53 +8310,52 @@ msgstr "将�会删除所有�推�URL地�"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1569
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "冗长输出；必须置于�命令之�"
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:17
 msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <对象> <替�物>"
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:18
 msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace -d <对象>..."
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:19
 msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace -l [<模�>]"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:118
+#: builtin/replace.c:121
 msgid "list replace refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出替�的引用"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:119
+#: builtin/replace.c:122
 msgid "delete replace refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除替�的引用"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:120
+#: builtin/replace.c:123
 msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果存在则替�引用"
 
 #: builtin/rerere.c:11
 msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 
 #: builtin/rerere.c:56
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
-msgstr "%s：已�存在于索引中"
+msgstr "在索引中注册干净的解决方案"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<�交>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <树或�交> [--] <路径>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<树或�交>] [--] [<路径>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7740,106 +8377,111 @@ msgstr "�并"
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "��"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "无法找到 HEAD 指�的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "无法找到 %s 指�的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "�能写入新的索引文件。"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD 现在�于 %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "�能读�索引"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "�置�撤出暂存区的�更："
-
 #  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "在�并过程中�能�%s�置�作。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:251
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "安�模�，�报告错误"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:253
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�置 HEAD 和索引"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:254
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "��置 HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:256 builtin/reset.c:258
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�置 HEAD�索引和工作区"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:260
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�置 HEAD 但�存本地�更"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解�为一个有效的版本。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "�能解�对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解�为一个有效的树对象。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:295
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
-msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard,mixed,soft} �兼容"
+msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard�mixed�soft} 选项�兼容"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:304
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用，而是用 'git reset -- <paths>'。"
 
 #  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "�能带路径进行%s�置。"
 
 #  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s��空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "�能对裸版本库进行%s�置"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "�能�置索引文件至版本 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/reset.c:342
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "�置�撤出暂存区的�更："
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "�能写入新的索引文件。"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<�数>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�� `--` 作为一个�数传递"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�到第一个�选项�数��止解�"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7847,198 +8489,219 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
 msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<�数>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse --sq-quote [<选项>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse [options] [<选项>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"�次使用时执行 \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" �获得更多信�。"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [选项] <�交�>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git revert <�命令>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [选项] <�交�>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
-msgstr "拣选失败"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <�命令>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71 builtin/revert.c:94
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s：%s �能和 %s �时使用"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "终止�转或拣选�作"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "继续�转或拣选�作"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�消�转或拣选�作"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
-msgstr "�能作为�始�交还原"
+msgstr "��自动�交"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:109
 msgid "edit the commit message"
-msgstr "空�交信�。"
+msgstr "编辑�交说明"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "parent number"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "父编�"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:114
 msgid "merge strategy"
-msgstr "�试�并策略 %s...\n"
+msgstr "�并策略"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:115
 msgid "option"
-msgstr "动作"
+msgstr "选项"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:116
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
-msgstr "�试�并策略 %s...\n"
+msgstr "�并策略的选项"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:127
 msgid "append commit name"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "追加�交�称"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:128
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
-msgstr "（�快进�）"
+msgstr "�许快进�"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:129
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
-msgstr "�能作为�始�交还原"
+msgstr "�留�始化的空�交"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:130
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
-msgstr "�交说明为空"
+msgstr "�许�交说明为空"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
-msgstr "�并未返回�交"
+msgstr "��多余的�空的�交"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:135
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "程�错误"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:225
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "还原失败"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:240
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "拣选失败"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:14
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:16
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git rm [选项] [--] <文件>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:64
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "如下�模组（或一个其嵌套�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+msgstr[1] "如下�模组（或一个其嵌套�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:70
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 暂存的内容和工作区� HEAD 中的都�一样\n"
-"（使用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它�其全部历�）"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区� HEAD 中的都�一样："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区� HEAD 中的都�一样："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:235
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有�更已暂存至索引中\n"
-"（使用 --cached �存文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 -f 强制删除）"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:239
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+msgstr[1] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:243 builtin/rm.c:254
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有本地修改\n"
-"（使用 --cached �存文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 --cached �留本地文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:134
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:251
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件有本地修改："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件有本地修改："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "do not list removed files"
-msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
+msgstr "�列出删除的文件"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:135
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "only remove from the index"
-msgstr "�能从索引中移除 %s"
+msgstr "�从索引区删除"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:136
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略文件更新状�检查"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:137
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�许递归删除"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:139
+#: builtin/rm.c:274
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使没有匹�，也以零状�退出"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "未�供 -r 选项�会递归删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm：�能删除 %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] [<路径>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "缺少作者：%s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:228
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "根��个作者的�交数�排�"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "���交说明，��供�交数�"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示�个作者的电�邮件地�"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:233
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Linewrap output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "折行输出"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:9
 msgid ""
@@ -8047,162 +8710,171 @@ msgid ""
 "independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
 "<glob>)...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:10
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的和本地的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有�自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�色 '*!+-' 到相应的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示共�祖先�的 <n> 个�交"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "和 more=-1 �义"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示字符串命�"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
-msgstr "没有当�分支。"
+msgstr "包括当�分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
-msgstr "�能写注解对象"
+msgstr "以对象�字命��交"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示�能�并的基线"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示没有任何引用的的引用"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以拓扑顺�显示�交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:672
 msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示�在第一个分支上的�交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:674
 msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示仅一个分支�访问的�并�交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "拓扑方�排�，并尽�能地��日期顺�"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从 base 开始的 <n> �最近的引用日志记录"
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:11
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=模�] < 引用列表"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
-msgstr "--all �能和引用表达��时使用"
+msgstr "�显示 tags（�以和头共用）"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
-msgstr "--all �能和引用表达��时使用"
+msgstr "�显示头（�以和 tags 共用）"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更严格的引用检测，需�精确的引用路径"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:187 builtin/show-ref.c:189
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:176
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用，�使被过滤掉"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:191
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:178
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
-msgstr "引用�是一个树：%s"
+msgstr "转� tags 到对象ID"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:193
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:180
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示使用 <n> 个数字的 SHA1 哈希"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:197
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打�结果到标准输出（例如与 --verify �数共用）"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:186
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从标准输入中读入的�在本地版本库中的引用"
 
 #: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [选项] �称 [引用]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] �称"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:38
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
 msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示�符�（分离的）引用的错误信�"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:39
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "删除符�引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
 msgid "shorten ref output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "简短的引用输出"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
 msgid "reason"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "原因"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:18
 msgid "reason of the update"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新的原因"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:22
 msgid ""
 "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <说明>|-F <文件>] <标签�> [<头>]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:23
 msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag -d <标签�>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:24
 msgid ""
 "git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
 "\t\t[<pattern>...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <�交>] [--points-at <对象>] \n"
+"\t\t[<模�>...]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:26
 msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag -v <标签�>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
@@ -8230,372 +8902,365 @@ msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr "�能校验 tag '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略，您�以删除它们如果您想这样�。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被�留，如果您愿�也�以删除它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "无法签署 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "无法写 tag 文件"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "�的对象类型。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tag 头信�太大。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "无 tag 说明？"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "tag 说明被�留在 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "开关 'points-at' 需�一个对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "�法的对象� '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出tag�称"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�个 tag 信�打� <n> 行"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除 tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "验� tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Tag 创建选项"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
-msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入�称"
+msgstr "注解 tag，需�一个说明"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
-msgstr "无 tag 说明？"
+msgstr "tag 说明"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "注解并 GPG 签�的 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
-msgstr "无法签署 tag"
+msgstr "使用�外的�钥签� tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果存在，替�现有的 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以列的方�显示 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Tag 列表选项"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打�包��交的tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�打�tags对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 -n �兼容"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:521
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "-n 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--contains 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--points-at 选项��许和 -l �时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:533
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "��许一个 -F 或 -m 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:553
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "太多�数"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "'%s' �是一个有效的tag�称。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 已存在"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s：�能�定引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s：�能更新引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "已更新tag '%s'（曾为 %s）\n"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:401
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补�>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:717
+#: builtin/update-index.c:718
 msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当索引需�更新时继续刷新"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+#: builtin/update-index.c:721
 msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "刷新：忽略�模组"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:723
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:724
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
-msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+msgstr "�忽略新的文件"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:725
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
 msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "让文件替�目录（�之亦然）"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:727
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "通知文件从工作区丢失"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:729
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使索引区包�未�并的�目也执行刷新"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+#: builtin/update-index.c:733
 msgid "refresh stat information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "刷新统计信�"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:736
+#: builtin/update-index.c:737
 msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类似于 --refresh，但是忽略 assume-unchanged 设置"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:740
+#: builtin/update-index.c:741
 msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<mode> <object> <path>"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:741
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:742
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
-msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+msgstr "添加指定的�目到索引区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:745
+#: builtin/update-index.c:746
 msgid "(+/-)x"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+#: builtin/update-index.c:747
 msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "覆盖列表里文件的�执行�"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:750
+#: builtin/update-index.c:751
 msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"没有�更\""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+#: builtin/update-index.c:754
 msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除 assumed-unchanged �"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:756
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
 msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"仅索引\""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:759
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
 msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除 skip-worktree �"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�添加到索引区；�添加对象到对象库"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:764
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�使存在工作区里，也删除路径"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:766
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�带 --stdin：输入的行以 null 字符终止"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:768
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
 msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读�日志信�）\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入中读�需�更新的路径列表"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:772
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:773
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
-msgstr "�能从标准输入中读�日志信�"
+msgstr "从标准输入添加�目到索引区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+#: builtin/update-index.c:777
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为指定文件�新生�第2和第3暂存区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�更新与 HEAD ��的�目"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:784
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
 msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略工作区丢失的文件"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+#: builtin/update-index.c:788
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在标准输出显示�作"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:789
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
 msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(for porcelains) 忘记�存的未解决的冲�"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+#: builtin/update-index.c:794
 msgid "write index in this format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以这�格�写入索引区"
 
 #: builtin/update-ref.c:7
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-ref [options] -d <引用�> [<旧值>]"
 
 #: builtin/update-ref.c:8
 msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-ref [options]    <引用�> <新值> [<旧值>]"
 
 #: builtin/update-ref.c:19
 msgid "delete the reference"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除引用"
 
 #: builtin/update-ref.c:21
 msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新 <引用�> 本身而�是它指�的引用"
 
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
 msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
 
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
 msgid "update the info files from scratch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从头开始更新文件信�"
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
 msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "verbose"
 msgstr "冗长输出"
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
 msgid "show statistics only"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "�显示统计"
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
 msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
 msgid "print tag contents"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打� tag 内容"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:13
 msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<�缀>/]"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:26
 msgid "<prefix>/"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<�缀>/"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:27
 msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将 <�缀> �目录内容写到一个树对象"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:30
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "�对调试有用"
+
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
+"命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示�用的�命令和一些指�。��\n"
+"'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <指�>' �查看给定的�命令帮助或指�。"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
-msgstr "�� 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信�。"
+#: parse-options.h:144
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "逾期日期"
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:159
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "空�作（��兼容）"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:236
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "更加详细"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "更加安�"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:244
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "用 <n> �数字显示 SHA-1 哈希值"
 
@@ -8636,8 +9301,8 @@ msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "输出和模�匹�的行"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "创建一个空的 git 版本库或者�新�始化一个"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "创建一个空的 Git 版本库或�新�始化一个已存在的版本库"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
@@ -8652,8 +9317,8 @@ msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
 msgstr "移动或�命�一个文件�目录或符�链接"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "获�并�并�外的版本库或一个本地分支"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "获�并整��外的版本库或一个本地分支"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
@@ -8696,11 +9361,11 @@ msgstr "您好�在上一次 'am' 失败�移动了 HEAD。未回退至 ORIG_H
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"当您解决了此问题�，执行 \"$cmdline --resolved\"。\n"
+"当您解决了此问题�，执行 \"$cmdline --continue\"。\n"
 "如果您想跳过此补�，则执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
 "���原分支并�止打补�，执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
 
@@ -8710,11 +9375,11 @@ msgstr "无法求助于三路�并。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "版本库缺�必�的二进制对象（blob）以进行三路�并。"
+msgstr "版本库缺�必�的数�（blob）对象以进行三路�并。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:139
 msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
-msgstr "更新索引信�以�建基树..."
+msgstr "使用索引��建一个（三路�并的）基础目录树..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
@@ -8722,7 +9387,7 @@ msgid ""
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 "您是�曾手动编辑过您的补�？\n"
-"无法应用补�到索引中的二进制对象（blob）上。"
+"无法应用补�到索引中的数�（blob）对象上。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
@@ -8753,25 +9418,34 @@ msgstr ""
 "�数 -b/--binary 已�很长时间��任何实质�作了，并且将被删除。\n"
 "请���使用它了。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
-msgstr "之�的�基目录 $dotest �然存在但给出了mbox。"
+msgstr "之�的�基目录 $dotest �然存在，但��供了 mbox。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "请下决心。--skip 或是 --abort ？"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"�现了错误的 $dotest 目录。\n"
+"使用 \"git am --abort\" 删除它。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "解决�作未进行，我们�会继续。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "�的索引：�能应用补�（�文件：$files）"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8782,15 +9456,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "如果您想�跳过这个补�，执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
 "���原分支并�止打补�，执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "补�中没有一个有效的邮件地�。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr "标准输入没有和终端关�，�能进行交互��作。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "�交内容为："
 
@@ -8798,16 +9472,16 @@ msgstr "�交内容为："
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "应用？[y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "正应用：$FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -8817,29 +9491,31 @@ msgstr ""
 "如果没有什么�添加到暂存区的，则很�能是其它�交已�引入了相�的�更。\n"
 "您也许想�跳过这个补�。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr "您的索引中�有未�并的路径。您是�忘了执行 'git add'？"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
-msgstr "没有�更 -- 补�已�应用过。"
+msgstr "没有�更 —— 补�已�应用过。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "补�失败于 $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 msgstr ""
+"失败的补�文件副本�于：\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "正应用到一个空历�上"
 
@@ -8938,56 +9614,56 @@ msgstr ""
 "然�需��供我至少一个好版本和一个�版本。\n"
 "（您�以用 \"git bisect bad\" 和 \"git bisect good\" 命令�标识。）"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "我们没有在二分查找。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "'$invalid' �是一个有效的�交"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 "�能检出原始 HEAD '$branch'。\n"
-"�试 'git bisect reset <commit>'。"
+"�试 'git bisect reset <�交>'。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "未�供日志文件"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "�能读� $file ��放"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? 您在说什么?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "�行 $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 "二分查找�行失败：\n"
-"命令 '$command' 的退出� $res 或者�于 0 或者大于等于 128"
+"命令 '$command' 的退出� $res �于 0 或大于等于 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "二分查找�能继续�行"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8996,7 +9672,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "二分查找�行失败：\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' 退出�为 $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "二分查找�行�功"
 
@@ -9014,7 +9690,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Pull ��用，因为您尚有未�并的文件。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:203
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支，�更添加至索引"
 
@@ -9022,7 +9698,7 @@ msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支，�更添加至索引"
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:235
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -9032,15 +9708,15 @@ msgstr ""
 "警告：fetch 更新了当�的分支。您的工作区\n"
 "警告：从原�交 $orig_head 快进。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:260
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "无法将多个分支�并到空分支"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:264
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "无法�基到多个分支"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:52
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -9051,27 +9727,50 @@ msgstr ""
 "如果您想跳过此补�，则执行 \"git rebase --skip\"。\n"
 "���原分支并�止�基，执行 \"git rebase --abort\"。"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "�功应用 autostash。"
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "无法�存 $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"应用 autostash 导致冲�。\n"
+"您的修改安全地�存在 stash 中。\n"
+"您�以在任何时候�行 \"git stash pop\" 或 \"git stash drop\"。\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:190
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr "钩� pre-rebase 拒��基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:164
+#: git-rebase.sh:195
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr "似乎正处于在 git-am 的执行过程中。无法�基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:295
+#: git-rebase.sh:329
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "选项 --exec 必须和选项 --interactive �时使用"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:300
+#: git-rebase.sh:334
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "没有正在进行的�基？"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:313
+#: git-rebase.sh:345
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "动作 --edit-todo �能用在交互��基过程中。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:352
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "�能读� HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:316
+#: git-rebase.sh:355
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -9079,12 +9778,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "您必须编辑所有的�并冲�，然�通过 git add\n"
 "命令将它们标记为已解决"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:334
+#: git-rebase.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "无法移回 $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:350
+#: git-rebase.sh:392
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9103,56 +9802,65 @@ msgstr ""
 "\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
 "然���新执行�基。为��您丢失��数�，我已��止当��作。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#: git-rebase.sh:437
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "无效的上游 $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:419
+#: git-rebase.sh:461
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr "$onto_name: 有一个以上的�并基准"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:422 git-rebase.sh:426
+#: git-rebase.sh:464 git-rebase.sh:468
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr "$onto_name: 没有�并基准"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431
+#: git-rebase.sh:473
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "没有指�一个有效的�交：$onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:454
+#: git-rebase.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "严�错误：无此分支：$branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:474
+#: git-rebase.sh:519
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "无法 autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "创建了 autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr "请�交或为它们�存进度。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:492
+#: git-rebase.sh:548
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "当�分支 $branch_name 是最新的。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:495
+#: git-rebase.sh:552
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "当�分支 $branch_name 是最新的，强制�基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:506
+#: git-rebase.sh:563
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "�更从 $mb 到 $onto："
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr "首先，�置头指针以便在上��放您的工作..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:523
+#: git-rebase.sh:582
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "快进 $branch_name 至 $onto_name。"
@@ -9185,6 +9893,11 @@ msgstr "无法删除临时索引（�应�生）"
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "�能记录工作区状�"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "无法用 $w_commit 更新 $ref_stash"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9195,7 +9908,7 @@ msgstr "�能记录工作区状�"
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:241
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
@@ -9204,119 +9917,134 @@ msgstr ""
 "错误：'stash save' 的未知选项：$option\n"
 "      ��供一个�述信�，使用 git stash save -- '$option'"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "没有��存的本地修改"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:268
+msgid ""
+"The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed by "
+"stash save:"
+msgstr "如下未跟踪文件将�会被�存但是将会因为进度�存而需�被删除："
+
+#: git-stash.sh:270
+msgid ""
+"Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+msgstr "终止。考虑使用 --force 或者 --include-untracked 选项。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:274
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "无法�始化 stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:278
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "无法�存当�状�"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:296
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "无法删除工作区�更"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:395
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "未�现 stash。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:402
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr "指定了太多的版本：$REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:408
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference �是有效的引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr "'$args' �是 stash 样�交"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "'$args' �是一个 stash 引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "无法刷新索引"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:459
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "无法在�并过程中��进度"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:467
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "索引中有冲�。�试�使用 --index。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:469
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "�能�存索引树"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:503
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:518
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "索引的进度没有被��。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:535
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "丢弃了 ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:536
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}：�能丢弃进度�目"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:543
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "未指定分支�"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:615
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "（为��数�输入 \"git stash apply\"）"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "无法从 url '$remoteurl' 剥离一个组件"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "未在 .gitmodules 中�现路径 '$sm_path' 的�模组映射"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "无法克隆 '$url' 到�模组路径 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在�模组路径 '$b' 之下或者相�"
+msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在�模组路径 '$b' 之下或相�"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "�能在工作区的顶级目录中使用相对路径"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "版本库URL：'$repo' 必须是�对路径或以 ./|../ 起始"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已�存在于索引中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9327,159 +10055,422 @@ msgstr ""
 "$sm_path\n"
 "如果您确实想添加它，使用 -f �数。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "添加�于 '$sm_path' 的现存版本库到索引"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已存在且�是一个有效的 git 版本库"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "本地�现 '$sm_name' 的一个 git 目录，与其对应的远程版本库："
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "如果您想�用此本地 git 目录而�是�新克隆自"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "使用 '--force' �数。如果本地 git 目录�是正确的版本库"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "或者您�确定其中�义使用 '--name' �数选择�外一个�称。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "激活本地 git 目录到�模组 '$sm_name'。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "�能检出�模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法添加�模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法注册�模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "�止于 '$prefix$displaypath'，脚本返回�零值。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到�模组路径 '$displaypath' 的 url"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为�模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册 url"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为�模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册更新模�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "�止于 '$sm_path'，脚本返回�零值。"
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "使用 '.' 如果您真的想�对所有�模组�消�始化"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到�模组路径 '$sm_path' 的 url"
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "�模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包�一个 .git 目录"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法为�模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册 url"
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它�其全部历�）"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "�模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包�本地修改；使用 '-f' 丢弃它们"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "�模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "已清除目录 '$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法为�模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册更新模�"
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法移除�模组工作区 '$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�能创建空的�模组目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "�模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"�模组路径 '$sm_path' 没有�始化\n"
+"�模组路径 '$displaypath' 没有�始化\n"
 "也许您想用 'update --init'？"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中找到当�版本"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中找到当�版本"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中获�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中�基 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中获�"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�模组路径 '$sm_path'：�基至 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中�基 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法�并 '$sha1' 到�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：�基至 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�模组路径 '$sm_path'：已�并入 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法�并 '$sha1' 到�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$sm_path' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：已�并入 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "�模组路径 '$sm_path'：检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "在�模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中执行 '$command $sha1' 失败"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在�模组路径 '$displaypath' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "�模组路径 '$displaypath'：检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "选项 --cached �能和选项 --files �时使用"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1066
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "�外的模� $mod_dst"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1086
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包��交 $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_src"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
+#: git-submodule.sh:1089
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包��交 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_dst"
 
 #  译者：注����导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1092
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包��交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包��交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1117
 msgid "blob"
-msgstr "二进制对象"
+msgstr "数�对象"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# �模组已修改但尚未更新："
+#: git-submodule.sh:1155
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "�模组已修改但尚未更新："
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1157
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "��交的�模组�更："
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1242
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "为 '$name' �步�模组 url"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1306
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "为 '$displaypath' �步�模组 url"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "the following submodule (or one of its nested submodule)\n"
+#~ "uses a .git directory:"
+#~ msgid_plural ""
+#~ "the following submodules (or one of its nested submodule)\n"
+#~ "use a .git directory:"
+#~ msgstr[0] "如下�模组（或一个其嵌套的�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+#~ msgstr[1] "如下�模组（或一个其嵌套的�模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+#~ msgstr "无法修改未�并的 .gitmodules，先解决�并冲�"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+#~ msgstr "无法在 .gitmodules 中找到 path=%s 的�节"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+#~ msgstr "�能更新 .gitmodules �目 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+#~ msgstr "无法移除 %s 的 .gitmodules �目"
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "无法在索引中找到 .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "读�更新�的 .gitmodules 失败"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "�能枚举更新�的 .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "�能从索引中移除 .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "添加更新�的 .gitmodules 失败"
+
+#~ msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "将更新� .gitmodules 添加暂存区失败"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+#~ msgstr "�能在 %s 中设置 core.worktree"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  （解决冲�，然��行 \"git am --resolved\"）"
+
+#  译者：注����导空格
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  （解决所有冲��，执行 \"git commit\"）"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "�供了超过 %d 个树对象：'%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "您�能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only �时使用。"
+
+#~ msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+#~ msgstr "嗯？目录 %s 在索引中并且�是�模组？"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "�模组 '%s'（或者它的一个嵌套�模组）使用一个 .git 目录\n"
+#~ "（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它�其全部历�）"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' 有�更已暂存至索引中\n"
+#~ "（使用 --cached �存文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "显示�交时以时间为�且父�交�能领先��交"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用"
+
+#~ msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "�模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
+
+#~ msgid "Change flags"
+#~ msgstr "修改�数"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "NOTE: no more files to clean; press \"t\" to toggle flags of git-clean."
+#~ msgstr "注�：没有�清�的文件；�试按 \"t\" 切� git-clean 的选项。"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "无法递归进�模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [版本选项] [--] [<�交�>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr "�� 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信�。"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p"
+#~ msgstr "BUG: 无法组� %d 和 %p"
+
+#  译者：以下三�实际为一个段�
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno'"
+
+#  译者：为对�，下�两�内容有调整
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "也许能�高速度，但您需��心��忘了添加新文件"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "（�� 'git help status'）。"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs 里的任�引用"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs/tags 里的任� tag"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "�对象 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "虚�的�交者信� %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "�能打开 'show' 输出文件�柄"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管�"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] "，�入 %d 行(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] "，�入 %d 行(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] "，删除 %d 行(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] "，删除 %d 行(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "å“Žå“Ÿ"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "�会删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <�称> (-a | -d | <分支>])"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "�能读�索引"
 
 #  译者：中文字符串拼接，�删除�导空格
 #~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
index 49cb08df96..8c44ceb2c7 100644
--- a/preload-index.c
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	; /* nothing */
 }
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 struct thread_data {
 	pthread_t pthread;
 	struct index_state *index;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int offset, nr;
 };
 
@@ -35,9 +37,7 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 	struct index_state *index = p->index;
 	struct cache_entry **cep = index->cache + p->offset;
 	struct cache_def cache;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, p->pathspec);
 	memset(&cache, 0, sizeof(cache));
 	nr = p->nr;
 	if (nr + p->offset > index->cache_nr)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		if (ce_uptodate(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &p->pathspec))
 			continue;
 		if (threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&cache, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 	} while (--nr > 0);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int threads, i, work, offset;
 	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
@@ -82,10 +82,12 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 		threads = MAX_PARALLEL;
 	offset = 0;
 	work = DIV_ROUND_UP(index->cache_nr, threads);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
 		p->index = index;
-		p->pathspec = pathspec;
+		if (pathspec)
+			copy_pathspec(&p->pathspec, pathspec);
 		p->offset = offset;
 		p->nr = work;
 		offset += work;
@@ -100,7 +102,8 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 }
 #endif
 
-int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int retval = read_index(index);
 
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index 5bdc2e70bc..74563c92b4 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ static int needs_rfc2047_encoding(const char *line, int len,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, size_t len,
 		       const char *encoding, enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
 	static const int max_encoded_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
@@ -355,9 +355,22 @@ static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
 	line_len += strlen(encoding) + 5; /* 5 for =??q? */
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
-		int is_special = is_rfc2047_special(ch, type);
+
+	while (len) {
+		/*
+		 * RFC 2047, section 5 (3):
+		 *
+		 * Each 'encoded-word' MUST represent an integral number of
+		 * characters.  A multi-octet character may not be split across
+		 * adjacent 'encoded- word's.
+		 */
+		const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)line;
+		int chrlen = mbs_chrlen(&line, &len, encoding);
+		int is_special = (chrlen > 1) || is_rfc2047_special(*p, type);
+
+		/* "=%02X" * chrlen, or the byte itself */
+		const char *encoded_fmt = is_special ? "=%02X"    : "%c";
+		int	    encoded_len = is_special ? 3 * chrlen : 1;
 
 		/*
 		 * According to RFC 2047, we could encode the special character
@@ -367,85 +380,113 @@ static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
 		 * causes ' ' to be encoded as '=20', avoiding this problem.
 		 */
 
-		if (line_len + 2 + (is_special ? 3 : 1) > max_encoded_length) {
+		if (line_len + encoded_len + 2 > max_encoded_length) {
+			/* It won't fit with trailing "?=" --- break the line */
 			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
 			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
 		}
 
-		if (is_special) {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
-			line_len += 3;
-		} else {
-			strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-			line_len++;
-		}
+		for (i = 0; i < chrlen; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, encoded_fmt, p[i]);
+		line_len += encoded_len;
 	}
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
 }
 
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *ident,
+				   enum date_mode mode)
+{
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	int tz = 0;
+
+	if (ident->date_begin && ident->date_end)
+		date = strtoul(ident->date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	if (ident->tz_begin && ident->tz_end)
+		tz = strtol(ident->tz_begin, NULL, 10);
+	return show_date(date, tz, mode);
+}
+
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding)
 {
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *line_end;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
-	char *date;
-	int namelen;
-	unsigned long time;
-	int tz;
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 		return;
-	date = strchr(line, '>');
-	if (!date)
+
+	line_end = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, line, line_end - line))
 		return;
-	namelen = ++date - line;
-	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
-	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
+
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (pp->mailmap)
+		map_user(pp->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
-		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
-		int display_name_length;
-		if (!name_tail)
-			return;
-		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
-			name_tail--;
-		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
+		if (pp->from_ident) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "From: ");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, " <");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, mailbuf, maillen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, ">\n");
+			string_list_append(&pp->in_body_headers,
+					   strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+
+			mailbuf = pp->from_ident->mail_begin;
+			maillen = pp->from_ident->mail_end - mailbuf;
+			namebuf = pp->from_ident->name_begin;
+			namelen = pp->from_ident->name_end - namebuf;
+		}
+
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
-		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(line, display_name_length, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
-			add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length,
-						encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(namebuf, namelen, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
+			add_rfc2047(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+				    encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
 			max_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
-		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(line, display_name_length)) {
+		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(namebuf, namelen)) {
 			struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
-			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, line, display_name_length);
+			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, namebuf, namelen);
 			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len,
 							-6, 1, max_length);
 			strbuf_release(&quoted);
 		} else {
-			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, line, display_name_length,
-							-6, 1, max_length);
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+						 -6, 1, max_length);
 		}
-		if (namelen - display_name_length + last_line_length(sb) > max_length) {
+
+		if (max_length <
+		    last_line_length(sb) + strlen(" <") + maillen + strlen(">"))
 			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-			if (!isspace(name_tail[0]))
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " <%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	} else {
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
-			      (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
-			      "    ", namelen, line);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s <%.*s>\n", what,
+			    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0, "    ",
+			    (int)namelen, namebuf, (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	}
+
 	switch (pp->fmt) {
 	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, DATE_RFC2822));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what,
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* notin' */
@@ -501,10 +542,11 @@ static void add_merge_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
-static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *msg,
+			const char *key)
 {
 	int key_len = strlen(key);
-	const char *line = commit->buffer;
+	const char *line = msg;
 
 	while (line) {
 		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
@@ -560,33 +602,94 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 }
 
 char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+		      char **commit_encoding,
 		      const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
 	char *encoding;
+	char *msg = commit->buffer;
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!*output_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	if (!msg) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		msg = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!msg)
+			die("Cannot read commit object %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Expected commit for '%s', got %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), typename(type));
+	}
+
+	if (!output_encoding || !*output_encoding) {
+		if (commit_encoding)
+			*commit_encoding =
+				get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+		return msg;
+	}
+	encoding = get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+	if (commit_encoding)
+		*commit_encoding = encoding;
 	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
-	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding))
-		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
-			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-		else
-			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
-	else
-		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding)) {
+		/*
+		 * No encoding work to be done. If we have no encoding header
+		 * at all, then there's nothing to do, and we can return the
+		 * message verbatim (whether newly allocated or not).
+		 */
+		if (!encoding)
+			return msg;
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we still want to munge the encoding header in the
+		 * result, which will be done by modifying the buffer. If we
+		 * are using a fresh copy, we can reuse it. But if we are using
+		 * the cached copy from commit->buffer, we need to duplicate it
+		 * to avoid munging commit->buffer.
+		 */
+		out = msg;
+		if (out == commit->buffer)
+			out = xstrdup(out);
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * There's actual encoding work to do. Do the reencoding, which
+		 * still leaves the header to be replaced in the next step. At
+		 * this point, we are done with msg. If we allocated a fresh
+		 * copy, we can free it.
+		 */
+		out = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, use_encoding);
+		if (out && msg != commit->buffer)
+			free(msg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This replacement actually consumes the buffer we hand it, so we do
+	 * not have to worry about freeing the old "out" here.
+	 */
 	if (out)
 		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
 
-	free(encoding);
-	return out;
+	if (!commit_encoding)
+		free(encoding);
+	/*
+	 * If the re-encoding failed, out might be NULL here; in that
+	 * case we just return the commit message verbatim.
+	 */
+	return out ? out : msg;
+}
+
+void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (msg != commit->buffer)
+		free(msg);
 }
 
-static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+static int mailmap_name(const char **email, size_t *email_len,
+			const char **name, size_t *name_len)
 {
 	static struct string_list *mail_map;
 	if (!mail_map) {
@@ -601,68 +704,49 @@ static size_t format_person_part(struct strbuf *sb, char part,
 {
 	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
 	const int placeholder_len = 2;
-	int tz;
-	unsigned long date = 0;
-	char person_name[1024];
-	char person_mail[1024];
 	struct ident_split s;
-	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end;
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t maillen, namelen;
 
 	if (split_ident_line(&s, msg, len) < 0)
 		goto skip;
 
-	name_start = s.name_begin;
-	name_end = s.name_end;
-	mail_start = s.mail_begin;
-	mail_end = s.mail_end;
-
-	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
-		snprintf(person_name, sizeof(person_name), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(name_end - name_start), name_start);
-		snprintf(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(mail_end - mail_start), mail_start);
-		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
-		name_start = person_name;
-		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
-		mail_start = person_mail;
-		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
-	}
+	name = s.name_begin;
+	namelen = s.name_end - s.name_begin;
+	mail = s.mail_begin;
+	maillen = s.mail_end - s.mail_begin;
+
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') /* mailmap lookup */
+		mailmap_name(&mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name, namelen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
-		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail, maillen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
 	if (!s.date_begin)
 		goto skip;
 
-	date = strtoul(s.date_begin, NULL, 10);
-
 	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
 		strbuf_add(sb, s.date_begin, s.date_end - s.date_begin);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* parse tz */
-	tz = strtoul(s.tz_begin + 1, NULL, 10);
-	if (*s.tz_begin == '-')
-		tz = -tz;
-
 	switch (part) {
 	case 'd':	/* date */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, dmode));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RFC2822));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RELATIVE));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_ISO8601));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
@@ -684,24 +768,38 @@ struct chunk {
 	size_t len;
 };
 
+enum flush_type {
+	no_flush,
+	flush_right,
+	flush_left,
+	flush_left_and_steal,
+	flush_both
+};
+
+enum trunc_type {
+	trunc_none,
+	trunc_left,
+	trunc_middle,
+	trunc_right
+};
+
 struct format_commit_context {
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
-	unsigned commit_signature_parsed:1;
-	struct {
-		char *gpg_output;
-		char good_bad;
-		char *signer;
-	} signature;
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	enum trunc_type truncate;
 	char *message;
+	char *commit_encoding;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+	int auto_color;
+	int padding;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
 	struct chunk author;
 	struct chunk committer;
-	struct chunk encoding;
 	size_t message_off;
 	size_t subject_off;
 	size_t body_off;
@@ -748,9 +846,6 @@ static void parse_commit_header(struct format_commit_context *context)
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
 			context->committer.off = i + 10;
 			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
-			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
-			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
 		}
 		i = eol;
 	}
@@ -831,23 +926,6 @@ static void parse_commit_message(struct format_commit_context *c)
 	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
 }
 
-static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct name_decoration *d;
-	const char *prefix = " (";
-
-	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
-	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	while (d) {
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
-		d = d->next;
-	}
-	if (prefix[0] == ',')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
-}
-
 static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
 			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
 {
@@ -877,59 +955,6 @@ static void rewrap_message_tail(struct strbuf *sb,
 	c->indent2 = new_indent2;
 }
 
-static struct {
-	char result;
-	const char *check;
-} signature_check[] = {
-	{ 'G', ": Good signature from " },
-	{ 'B', ": BAD signature from " },
-};
-
-static void parse_signature_lines(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	const char *buf = ctx->signature.gpg_output;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(signature_check); i++) {
-		const char *found = strstr(buf, signature_check[i].check);
-		const char *next;
-		if (!found)
-			continue;
-		ctx->signature.good_bad = signature_check[i].result;
-		found += strlen(signature_check[i].check);
-		next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
-		ctx->signature.signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_commit_signature(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int status;
-
-	ctx->commit_signature_parsed = 1;
-
-	if (parse_signed_commit(ctx->commit->object.sha1,
-				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
-		goto out;
-	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
-				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
-	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
-		goto out;
-	ctx->signature.gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
-	parse_signature_lines(ctx);
-
- out:
-	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
-	strbuf_release(&payload);
-	strbuf_release(&signature);
-}
-
-
 static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 				char part,
 				struct reflog_walk_info *log,
@@ -947,7 +972,112 @@ static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 	return format_person_part(sb, part, ident, strlen(ident), dmode);
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t parse_color(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+			  const char *placeholder,
+			  struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+		const char *begin = placeholder + 2;
+		const char *end = strchr(begin, ')');
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+		if (!end)
+			return 0;
+		if (!prefixcmp(begin, "auto,")) {
+			if (!want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color))
+				return end - placeholder + 1;
+			begin += 5;
+		}
+		color_parse_mem(begin,
+				end - begin,
+				"--pretty format", color);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+		return 4;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+		return 6;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+		return 5;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+		return 6;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t parse_padding_placeholder(struct strbuf *sb,
+					const char *placeholder,
+					struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *ch = placeholder;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	int to_column = 0;
+
+	switch (*ch++) {
+	case '<':
+		flush_type = flush_right;
+		break;
+	case '>':
+		if (*ch == '<') {
+			flush_type = flush_both;
+			ch++;
+		} else if (*ch == '>') {
+			flush_type = flush_left_and_steal;
+			ch++;
+		} else
+			flush_type = flush_left;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the next value means "wide enough to that column" */
+	if (*ch == '|') {
+		to_column = 1;
+		ch++;
+	}
+
+	if (*ch == '(') {
+		const char *start = ch + 1;
+		const char *end = start + strcspn(start, ",)");
+		char *next;
+		int width;
+		if (!end || end == start)
+			return 0;
+		width = strtoul(start, &next, 10);
+		if (next == start || width == 0)
+			return 0;
+		c->padding = to_column ? -width : width;
+		c->flush_type = flush_type;
+
+		if (*end == ',') {
+			start = end + 1;
+			end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end || end == start)
+				return 0;
+			if (!prefixcmp(start, "trunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_right;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "ltrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_left;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "mtrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_middle;
+			else
+				return 0;
+		} else
+			c->truncate = trunc_none;
+
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				const char *placeholder,
 				void *context)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
@@ -959,31 +1089,20 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	/* these are independent of the commit */
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'C':
-		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
-			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
-			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-			if (!end)
-				return 0;
-			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
-					end - (placeholder + 2),
-					"--pretty format", color);
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
-			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "(auto)")) {
+			c->auto_color = 1;
+			return 7; /* consumed 7 bytes, "C(auto)" */
+		} else {
+			int ret = parse_color(sb, placeholder, c);
+			if (ret)
+				c->auto_color = 0;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we decided to treat %C<unknown>
+			 * as a literal string, and the previous
+			 * %C(auto) is still valid.
+			 */
+			return ret;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
-			return 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
-			return 6;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
-			return 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-			return 6;
-		} else
-			return 0;
 	case 'n':		/* newline */
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 		return 1;
@@ -1021,6 +1140,10 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			return end - placeholder + 1;
 		} else
 			return 0;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+		return parse_padding_placeholder(sb, placeholder, c);
 	}
 
 	/* these depend on the commit */
@@ -1029,13 +1152,19 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		return 1;
 	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
-		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 			return 1;
+		}
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
 		return 1;
 	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
@@ -1072,7 +1201,8 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, get_revision_mark(NULL, commit));
 		return 1;
 	case 'd':
-		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations(sb, commit, c->auto_color);
 		return 1;
 	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
 		switch(placeholder[1]) {
@@ -1108,23 +1238,29 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	}
 
 	if (placeholder[0] == 'G') {
-		if (!c->commit_signature_parsed)
-			parse_commit_signature(c);
+		if (!c->signature_check.result)
+			check_commit_signature(c->commit, &(c->signature_check));
 		switch (placeholder[1]) {
 		case 'G':
-			if (c->signature.gpg_output)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.gpg_output);
+			if (c->signature_check.gpg_output)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.gpg_output);
 			break;
 		case '?':
-			switch (c->signature.good_bad) {
+			switch (c->signature_check.result) {
 			case 'G':
 			case 'B':
-				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature.good_bad);
+			case 'U':
+			case 'N':
+				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature_check.result);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'S':
-			if (c->signature.signer)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.signer);
+			if (c->signature_check.signer)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.signer);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			if (c->signature_check.key)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
 			break;
 		}
 		return 2;
@@ -1145,7 +1281,8 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
 				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'e':	/* encoding */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		if (c->commit_encoding)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->commit_encoding);
 		return 1;
 	case 'B':	/* raw body */
 		/* message_off is always left at the initial newline */
@@ -1171,7 +1308,111 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t format_and_pad_commit(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				    const char *placeholder,
+				    struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	struct strbuf local_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total_consumed = 0, len, padding = c->padding;
+	if (padding < 0) {
+		const char *start = strrchr(sb->buf, '\n');
+		int occupied;
+		if (!start)
+			start = sb->buf;
+		occupied = utf8_strnwidth(start, -1, 1);
+		padding = (-padding) - occupied;
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		int modifier = *placeholder == 'C';
+		int consumed = format_commit_one(&local_sb, placeholder, c);
+		total_consumed += consumed;
+
+		if (!modifier)
+			break;
+
+		placeholder += consumed;
+		if (*placeholder != '%')
+			break;
+		placeholder++;
+		total_consumed++;
+	}
+	len = utf8_strnwidth(local_sb.buf, -1, 1);
+
+	if (c->flush_type == flush_left_and_steal) {
+		const char *ch = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		while (len > padding && ch > sb->buf) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (*ch == ' ') {
+				ch--;
+				padding++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* check for trailing ansi sequences */
+			if (*ch != 'm')
+				break;
+			p = ch - 1;
+			while (ch - p < 10 && *p != '\033')
+				p--;
+			if (*p != '\033' ||
+			    ch + 1 - p != display_mode_esc_sequence_len(p))
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * got a good ansi sequence, put it back to
+			 * local_sb as we're cutting sb
+			 */
+			strbuf_insert(&local_sb, 0, p, ch + 1 - p);
+			ch = p - 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, ch + 1 - sb->buf);
+		c->flush_type = flush_left;
+	}
+
+	if (len > padding) {
+		switch (c->truncate) {
+		case trunc_left:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    0, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_middle:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding / 2 - 1,
+					    len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_right:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding - 2, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_none:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, local_sb.buf);
+	} else {
+		int sb_len = sb->len, offset = 0;
+		if (c->flush_type == flush_left)
+			offset = padding - len;
+		else if (c->flush_type == flush_both)
+			offset = (padding - len) / 2;
+		/*
+		 * we calculate padding in columns, now
+		 * convert it back to chars
+		 */
+		padding = padding - len + local_sb.len;
+		strbuf_grow(sb, padding);
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb_len + padding);
+		memset(sb->buf + sb_len, ' ', sb->len - sb_len);
+		memcpy(sb->buf + sb_len + offset, local_sb.buf,
+		       local_sb.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&local_sb);
+	c->flush_type = no_flush;
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				 const char *placeholder,
 				 void *context)
 {
 	int consumed;
@@ -1200,7 +1441,10 @@ static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		placeholder++;
 
 	orig_len = sb->len;
-	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (((struct format_commit_context *)context)->flush_type != no_flush)
+		consumed = format_and_pad_commit(sb, placeholder, context);
+	else
+		consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
 	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
 		return consumed;
 
@@ -1250,34 +1494,44 @@ void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
-	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
+	const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
-	context.message = commit->buffer;
-	if (output_enc) {
-		char *enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
-		if (strcmp(enc ? enc : utf8, output_enc)) {
-			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
-			if (!context.message)
-				context.message = commit->buffer;
-		}
-		free(enc);
-	}
+	context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit,
+					  &context.commit_encoding,
+					  output_enc);
 
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
 
-	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
-		free(context.message);
-	free(context.signature.gpg_output);
-	free(context.signature.signer);
+	if (output_enc) {
+		if (same_encoding(utf8, output_enc))
+			output_enc = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (context.commit_encoding &&
+		    !same_encoding(context.commit_encoding, utf8))
+			output_enc = context.commit_encoding;
+	}
+
+	if (output_enc) {
+		int outsz;
+		char *out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len,
+						output_enc, utf8, &outsz);
+		if (out)
+			strbuf_attach(sb, out, outsz, outsz + 1);
+	}
+
+	free(context.commit_encoding);
+	logmsg_free(context.message, commit);
+	free(context.signature_check.gpg_output);
+	free(context.signature_check.signer);
 }
 
-static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static void pp_header(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		      const char *encoding,
 		      const struct commit *commit,
 		      const char **msg_p,
@@ -1302,7 +1556,7 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "parent ")) {
 			if (linelen != 48)
 				die("bad parent line in commit");
 			continue;
@@ -1326,11 +1580,11 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
 		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
 		 */
-		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "author ")) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, line + 7, encoding);
 		}
-		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "committer ") &&
 		    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, line + 10, encoding);
@@ -1338,7 +1592,7 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	}
 }
 
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
@@ -1365,6 +1619,16 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
+	if (need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			if (has_non_ascii(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string)) {
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
 		const char *header_fmt =
 			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -1378,10 +1642,21 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
+
+	if (pp->in_body_headers.nr) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+			free(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&pp->in_body_headers, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
 	strbuf_release(&title);
 }
 
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent)
@@ -1413,13 +1688,13 @@ void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	}
 }
 
-void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			 const struct commit *commit,
 			 struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg;
 	char *reencoded;
 	const char *encoding;
 	int need_8bit_cte = pp->need_8bit_cte;
@@ -1430,10 +1705,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	}
 
 	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-	if (reencoded) {
-		msg = reencoded;
-	}
+	msg = reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		indent = 0;
@@ -1490,7 +1762,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
-	free(reencoded);
+	logmsg_free(reencoded, commit);
 }
 
 void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
diff --git a/prio-queue.c b/prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9f8c6d253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (queue->compare != NULL)
+		die("BUG: prio_queue_reverse() on non-LIFO queue");
+	for (i = 0; i <= (j = (queue->nr - 1) - i); i++) {
+		struct commit *swap = queue->array[i];
+		queue->array[i] = queue->array[j];
+		queue->array[j] = swap;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	free(queue->array);
+	queue->nr = 0;
+	queue->alloc = 0;
+	queue->array = NULL;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *queue, void *thing)
+{
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare = queue->compare;
+	int ix, parent;
+
+	/* Append at the end */
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->array, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
+	queue->array[queue->nr++] = thing;
+	if (!compare)
+		return; /* LIFO */
+
+	/* Bubble up the new one */
+	for (ix = queue->nr - 1; ix; ix = parent) {
+		parent = (ix - 1) / 2;
+		if (compare(queue->array[parent], queue->array[ix],
+			    queue->cb_data) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		thing = queue->array[parent];
+		queue->array[parent] = queue->array[ix];
+		queue->array[ix] = thing;
+	}
+}
+
+void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	void *result, *swap;
+	int ix, child;
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare = queue->compare;
+
+	if (!queue->nr)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!compare)
+		return queue->array[--queue->nr]; /* LIFO */
+
+	result = queue->array[0];
+	if (!--queue->nr)
+		return result;
+
+	queue->array[0] = queue->array[queue->nr];
+
+	/* Push down the one at the root */
+	for (ix = 0; ix * 2 + 1 < queue->nr; ix = child) {
+		child = ix * 2 + 1; /* left */
+		if ((child + 1 < queue->nr) &&
+		    (compare(queue->array[child], queue->array[child + 1],
+			     queue->cb_data) >= 0))
+			child++; /* use right child */
+
+		if (compare(queue->array[ix], queue->array[child],
+			    queue->cb_data) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap = queue->array[child];
+		queue->array[child] = queue->array[ix];
+		queue->array[ix] = swap;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/prio-queue.h b/prio-queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c3cd1f875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef PRIO_QUEUE_H
+#define PRIO_QUEUE_H
+
+/*
+ * A priority queue implementation, primarily for keeping track of
+ * commits in the 'date-order' so that we process them from new to old
+ * as they are discovered, but can be used to hold any pointer to
+ * struct.  The caller is responsible for supplying a function to
+ * compare two "things".
+ *
+ * Alternatively, this data structure can also be used as a LIFO stack
+ * by specifying NULL as the comparison function.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Compare two "things", one and two; the third parameter is cb_data
+ * in the prio_queue structure.  The result is returned as a sign of
+ * the return value, being the same as the sign of the result of
+ * subtracting "two" from "one" (i.e. negative if "one" sorts earlier
+ * than "two").
+ */
+typedef int (*prio_queue_compare_fn)(const void *one, const void *two, void *cb_data);
+
+struct prio_queue {
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare;
+	void *cb_data;
+	int alloc, nr;
+	void **array;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Add the "thing" to the queue.
+ */
+extern void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *, void *thing);
+
+/*
+ * Extract the "thing" that compares the smallest out of the queue,
+ * or NULL.  If compare function is NULL, the queue acts as a LIFO
+ * stack.
+ */
+extern void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *);
+
+extern void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *);
+
+/* Reverse the LIFO elements */
+extern void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *);
+
+#endif /* PRIO_QUEUE_H */
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3971f49f4d..10652b174d 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 #define TP_IDX_MAX      8
 
@@ -112,34 +113,14 @@ static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+static void throughput_string(struct strbuf *buf, off_t total,
 			      unsigned int rate)
 {
-	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
-	if (total > 1 << 30) {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
-			      (int)(total >> 30),
-			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
-		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
-			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
-			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
-	}
-
-	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
-			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else if (rate)
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, total);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, " | ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, rate * 1024);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, "/s");
 }
 
 void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
@@ -183,6 +164,7 @@ void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
 	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
 
 	if (misecs > 512) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		unsigned int count, rate;
 
 		count = total - tp->prev_total;
@@ -197,7 +179,9 @@ void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
 		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
 		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
 
-		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
+		throughput_string(&buf, total, rate);
+		strncpy(tp->display, buf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
 			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
 	}
@@ -253,9 +237,12 @@ void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
 
 		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
 		if (tp) {
+			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
 					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			throughput_string(&strbuf, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			strncpy(tp->display, strbuf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+			strbuf_release(&strbuf);
 		}
 		progress_update = 1;
 		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
index 911229fdf3..45e3db12d5 100644
--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -42,23 +42,6 @@ void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
-{
-	char c;
-
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-	while ((c = *src++)) {
-		if (need_bs_quote(c)) {
-			fputs("'\\", stream);
-			fputc(c, stream);
-			fputc('\'', stream);
-		} else {
-			fputc(c, stream);
-		}
-	}
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-}
-
 void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *dst, const char** argv, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -312,82 +295,27 @@ void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
 	fputc(terminator, fp);
 }
 
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len);
-
-void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-				const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 				FILE *fp, int terminator)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	name = path_relative(name, len, &sb, prefix, prefix_len);
+	name = relative_path(name, prefix, &sb);
 	write_name_quoted(name, fp, terminator);
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-/*
- * Give path as relative to prefix.
- *
- * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
- * returned path.
- */
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len)
-{
-	int off, i;
-
-	if (len < 0)
-		len = strlen(in);
-	if (prefix_len < 0) {
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-		else
-			prefix_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	off = 0;
-	i = 0;
-	while (i < prefix_len && i < len && prefix[i] == in[i]) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			off = i + 1;
-		i++;
-	}
-	in += off;
-	len -= off;
-
-	if (i >= prefix_len)
-		return in;
-
-	strbuf_reset(sb);
-	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
-
-	while (i < prefix_len) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
-		i++;
-	}
-	strbuf_add(sb, in, len);
-
-	return sb->buf;
-}
-
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix)
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *rel = path_relative(in, len, &sb, prefix, -1);
+	const char *rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
 	strbuf_reset(out);
 	quote_c_style_counted(rel, strlen(rel), out, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	if (!out->len)
-		strbuf_addstr(out, "./");
-
 	return out->buf;
 }
 
@@ -463,72 +391,72 @@ int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *sb, const char *quoted, const char **endp)
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
 
-void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	const char nl = '\n';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == nl) {
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-			fputc('n', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, 'n');
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	char c;
 
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		switch (c) {
 		case '[': case ']':
 		case '{': case '}':
 		case '$': case '\\': case '"':
-			fputc('\\', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '\\');
 		default:
-			fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 			break;
 		case '\f':
-			fputs("\\f", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\f");
 			break;
 		case '\r':
-			fputs("\\r", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\r");
 			break;
 		case '\n':
-			fputs("\\n", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\n");
 			break;
 		case '\t':
-			fputs("\\t", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\t");
 			break;
 		case '\v':
-			fputs("\\v", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\v");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 }
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
index 133155a48b..71dcc3aa02 100644
--- a/quote.h
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ struct strbuf;
  * excluding the final null regardless of the buffer size.
  */
 
-extern void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-
 extern void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *, const char *src);
 extern void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *, const char **argv, size_t maxlen);
 
@@ -60,17 +58,16 @@ extern void quote_two_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *, const char *, int);
 extern void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
 extern void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
                                  const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-		const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 		FILE *fp, int terminator);
 
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix);
+extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out);
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
-extern void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index bf7970661f..654a8c58d6 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ static void process_tree(struct tree *tree,
 		else
 			process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void process_tag(struct tag *tag, struct object_array *p,
@@ -152,11 +151,9 @@ static int add_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 
 static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, path);
 	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
 
-	if (!object)
-		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index fda78bc353..6bbe1b1fb3 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static void replace_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache
 {
 	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
 
-	remove_name_hash(old);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, old);
 	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 }
@@ -67,6 +67,61 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
 	add_index_entry(istate, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
+void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	sd->sd_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
+	sd->sd_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
+	sd->sd_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_dev = st->st_dev;
+	sd->sd_ino = st->st_ino;
+	sd->sd_uid = st->st_uid;
+	sd->sd_gid = st->st_gid;
+	sd->sd_size = st->st_size;
+}
+
+int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (sd->sd_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (check_stat) {
+		if (sd->sd_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+			sd->sd_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+			changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+		if (sd->sd_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_STDEV
+	/*
+	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
+	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
+	 * the filesystem is on
+	 */
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (sd->sd_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
+		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
 /*
  * This only updates the "non-critical" parts of the directory
  * cache, ie the parts that aren't tracked by GIT, and only used
@@ -74,15 +129,7 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
  */
 void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_dev = st->st_dev;
-	ce->ce_ino = st->st_ino;
-	ce->ce_uid = st->st_uid;
-	ce->ce_gid = st->st_gid;
-	ce->ce_size = st->st_size;
+	fill_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -91,7 +138,7 @@ void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_compare_data(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	int fd = open(ce->name, O_RDONLY);
@@ -105,7 +152,7 @@ static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
+static int ce_compare_link(const struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	void *buffer;
@@ -126,7 +173,7 @@ static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_compare_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
@@ -143,7 +190,7 @@ static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	return hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
 }
 
-static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_modified_check_fs(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFREG:
@@ -163,7 +210,7 @@ static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_match_stat_basic(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	unsigned int changed = 0;
 
@@ -195,39 +242,11 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	default:
 		die("internal error: ce_mode is %o", ce->ce_mode);
 	}
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
-	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
-		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
-	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-
-#ifdef USE_STDEV
-	/*
-	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
-	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
-	 * the filesystem is on
-	 */
-	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
-		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+	changed |= match_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	/* Racily smudged entry? */
-	if (!ce->ce_size) {
+	if (!ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size) {
 		if (!is_empty_blob_sha1(ce->sha1))
 			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
 	}
@@ -235,23 +254,24 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return changed;
 }
 
-static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 		istate->timestamp.sec &&
 #ifdef USE_NSEC
 		 /* nanosecond timestamped files can also be racy! */
-		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_mtime.sec ||
-		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_mtime.sec &&
-		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_mtime.nsec))
+		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec ||
+		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec &&
+		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec))
 #else
-		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_mtime.sec
+		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec
 #endif
 		 );
 }
 
 int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
-		  struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+		  const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 		  unsigned int options)
 {
 	unsigned int changed;
@@ -307,7 +327,8 @@ int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
 }
 
 int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
-		struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
+		const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
 {
 	int changed, changed_fs;
 
@@ -336,7 +357,7 @@ int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
 	 * then we know it is.
 	 */
 	if ((changed & DATA_CHANGED) &&
-	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_size != 0))
+	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size != 0))
 		return changed;
 
 	changed_fs = ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
@@ -456,7 +477,7 @@ int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
 
 	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
-	remove_name_hash(ce);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 	istate->cache_nr--;
 	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
@@ -468,7 +489,7 @@ int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 }
 
 /*
- * Remove all cache ententries marked for removal, that is where
+ * Remove all cache entries marked for removal, that is where
  * CE_REMOVE is set in ce_flags.  This is much more effective than
  * calling remove_index_entry_at() for each entry to be removed.
  */
@@ -479,7 +500,7 @@ void remove_marked_cache_entries(struct index_state *istate)
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+			remove_name_hash(istate, ce_array[i]);
 		else
 			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
 	}
@@ -622,7 +643,7 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 			if (*ptr == '/') {
 				struct cache_entry *foundce;
 				++ptr;
-				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
+				foundce = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
 				if (foundce) {
 					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
 					startPtr = ptr;
@@ -701,7 +722,7 @@ struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 	return ce;
 }
 
-int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	int len = ce_namelen(a);
 	return ce_namelen(b) == len && !memcmp(a->name, b->name, len);
@@ -975,7 +996,7 @@ int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int opti
 	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
 		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
 		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
-					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	}
 
 	/* Add it in.. */
@@ -1093,7 +1114,8 @@ static void show_file(const char * fmt, const char * name, int in_porcelain,
 	printf(fmt, name);
 }
 
-int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec,
+int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags,
+		  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		  char *seen, const char *header_msg)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1128,7 +1150,7 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 			continue;
 
 		if (pathspec &&
-		    !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		    !match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			filtered = 1;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -1208,14 +1230,14 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int reall
 struct ondisk_cache_entry {
 	struct cache_time ctime;
 	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
+	uint16_t flags;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -1227,15 +1249,15 @@ struct ondisk_cache_entry {
 struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
 	struct cache_time ctime;
 	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	unsigned short flags2;
+	uint16_t flags;
+	uint16_t flags2;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -1256,7 +1278,7 @@ static int verify_hdr(struct cache_header *hdr, unsigned long size)
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
 		return error("bad signature");
 	hdr_version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
-	if (hdr_version < 2 || 4 < hdr_version)
+	if (hdr_version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < hdr_version)
 		return error("bad index version %d", hdr_version);
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
@@ -1318,16 +1340,16 @@ static struct cache_entry *cache_entry_from_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *on
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
 
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.sec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.sec);
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_dev   = ntoh_l(ondisk->dev);
-	ce->ce_ino   = ntoh_l(ondisk->ino);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev   = ntoh_l(ondisk->dev);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino   = ntoh_l(ondisk->ino);
 	ce->ce_mode  = ntoh_l(ondisk->mode);
-	ce->ce_uid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->uid);
-	ce->ce_gid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->gid);
-	ce->ce_size  = ntoh_l(ondisk->size);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->uid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->gid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size  = ntoh_l(ondisk->size);
 	ce->ce_flags = flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
 	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
@@ -1445,7 +1467,7 @@ int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 	istate->version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
 	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
 	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
-	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	istate->initialized = 1;
 
 	if (istate->version == 4)
@@ -1511,12 +1533,12 @@ int discard_index(struct index_state *istate)
 	istate->cache_changed = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
-	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
-	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_name_hash(istate);
 	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
 	istate->initialized = 0;
-
-	/* no need to throw away allocated active_cache */
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1605,7 +1627,7 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	 * The only thing we care about in this function is to smudge the
 	 * falsely clean entry due to touch-update-touch race, so we leave
 	 * everything else as they are.  We are called for entries whose
-	 * ce_mtime match the index file mtime.
+	 * ce_stat_data.sd_mtime match the index file mtime.
 	 *
 	 * Note that this actually does not do much for gitlinks, for
 	 * which ce_match_stat_basic() always goes to the actual
@@ -1644,7 +1666,7 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 		 * file, and never calls us, so the cached size information
 		 * for "frotz" stays 6 which does not match the filesystem.
 		 */
-		ce->ce_size = 0;
+		ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size = 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1654,16 +1676,16 @@ static char *copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
 {
 	short flags;
 
-	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
-	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
-	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_dev);
-	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_ino);
+	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec);
+	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec);
+	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec);
+	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec);
+	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev);
+	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino);
 	ondisk->mode = htonl(ce->ce_mode);
-	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_uid);
-	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
-	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
+	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid);
+	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid);
+	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size);
 	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
 
 	flags = ce->ce_flags;
@@ -1739,7 +1761,7 @@ static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 }
 
 /*
- * Opportunisticly update the index but do not complain if we can't
+ * Opportunistically update the index but do not complain if we can't
  */
 void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lockfile)
 {
@@ -1796,8 +1818,17 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 			continue;
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
 			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
-		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1))
-			return error("cache entry has null sha1: %s", ce->name);
+		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1)) {
+			static const char msg[] = "cache entry has null sha1: %s";
+			static int allow = -1;
+
+			if (allow < 0)
+				allow = git_env_bool("GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1", 0);
+			if (allow)
+				warning(msg, ce->name);
+			else
+				return error(msg, ce->name);
+		}
 		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce, previous_name) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -1896,3 +1927,67 @@ int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name,
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
+
+void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (size)
+		*size = sz;
+	return data;
+}
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv)
+{
+	free(sv->sd);
+	sv->sd = NULL;
+}
+
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return sv->sd == NULL;
+	if (!sv->sd)
+		return 0;
+	return S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !match_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+}
+
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		stat_validity_clear(sv);
+	else {
+		if (!sv->sd)
+			sv->sd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stat_data));
+		fill_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 6cec1c8bdf..ad5d66c8c9 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 /*
  * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
 {
 	int component_len, component_count = 0;
 
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "@"))
+		/* Refname is a single character '@'. */
+		return -1;
+
 	while (1) {
 		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
 		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
@@ -108,7 +113,20 @@ struct ref_entry;
  * (ref_entry->flag & REF_DIR) is zero.
  */
 struct ref_value {
+	/*
+	 * The name of the object to which this reference resolves
+	 * (which may be a tag object).  If REF_ISBROKEN, this is
+	 * null.  If REF_ISSYMREF, then this is the name of the object
+	 * referred to by the last reference in the symlink chain.
+	 */
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * If REF_KNOWS_PEELED, then this field holds the peeled value
+	 * of this reference, or null if the reference is known not to
+	 * be peelable.  See the documentation for peel_ref() for an
+	 * exact definition of "peelable".
+	 */
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 };
 
@@ -157,7 +175,17 @@ struct ref_dir {
 	struct ref_entry **entries;
 };
 
-/* ISSYMREF=0x01, ISPACKED=0x02, and ISBROKEN=0x04 are public interfaces */
+/*
+ * Bit values for ref_entry::flag.  REF_ISSYMREF=0x01,
+ * REF_ISPACKED=0x02, and REF_ISBROKEN=0x04 are public values; see
+ * refs.h.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The field ref_entry->u.value.peeled of this value entry contains
+ * the correct peeled value for the reference, which might be
+ * null_sha1 if the reference is not a tag or if it is broken.
+ */
 #define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x08
 
 /* ref_entry represents a directory of references */
@@ -333,29 +361,26 @@ struct string_slice {
 
 static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
 {
-	struct string_slice *key = (struct string_slice *)key_;
-	struct ref_entry *ent = *(struct ref_entry **)ent_;
-	int entlen = strlen(ent->name);
-	int cmplen = key->len < entlen ? key->len : entlen;
-	int cmp = memcmp(key->str, ent->name, cmplen);
+	const struct string_slice *key = key_;
+	const struct ref_entry *ent = *(const struct ref_entry * const *)ent_;
+	int cmp = strncmp(key->str, ent->name, key->len);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
-	return key->len - entlen;
+	return '\0' - (unsigned char)ent->name[key->len];
 }
 
 /*
- * Return the entry with the given refname from the ref_dir
- * (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return NULL if no
- * such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
+ * Return the index of the entry with the given refname from the
+ * ref_dir (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return -1 if
+ * no such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
  */
-static struct ref_entry *search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
-					const char *refname, size_t len)
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len)
 {
 	struct ref_entry **r;
 	struct string_slice key;
 
 	if (refname == NULL || !dir->nr)
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 
 	sort_ref_dir(dir);
 	key.len = len;
@@ -364,9 +389,9 @@ static struct ref_entry *search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
 		    ref_entry_cmp_sslice);
 
 	if (r == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 
-	return *r;
+	return r - dir->entries;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -380,8 +405,9 @@ static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
 					 const char *subdirname, size_t len,
 					 int mkdir)
 {
-	struct ref_entry *entry = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
-	if (!entry) {
+	int entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	if (entry_index == -1) {
 		if (!mkdir)
 			return NULL;
 		/*
@@ -392,6 +418,8 @@ static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
 		 */
 		entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache, subdirname, len, 0);
 		add_entry_to_dir(dir, entry);
+	} else {
+		entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
 	}
 	return get_ref_dir(entry);
 }
@@ -430,12 +458,67 @@ static struct ref_dir *find_containing_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
  */
 static struct ref_entry *find_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
 {
+	int entry_index;
 	struct ref_entry *entry;
 	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
 	if (!dir)
 		return NULL;
-	entry = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
-	return (entry && !(entry->flag & REF_DIR)) ? entry : NULL;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return NULL;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	return (entry->flag & REF_DIR) ? NULL : entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the entry with the given name from dir, recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  If refname is the name of a directory
+ * (i.e., ends with '/'), then remove the directory and its contents.
+ * If the removal was successful, return the number of entries
+ * remaining in the directory entry that contained the deleted entry.
+ * If the name was not found, return -1.  Please note that this
+ * function only deletes the entry from the cache; it does not delete
+ * it from the filesystem or ensure that other cache entries (which
+ * might be symbolic references to the removed entry) are updated.
+ * Nor does it remove any containing dir entries that might be made
+ * empty by the removal.  dir must represent the top-level directory
+ * and must already be complete.
+ */
+static int remove_entry(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int refname_len = strlen(refname);
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	int is_dir = refname[refname_len - 1] == '/';
+	if (is_dir) {
+		/*
+		 * refname represents a reference directory.  Remove
+		 * the trailing slash; otherwise we will get the
+		 * directory *representing* refname rather than the
+		 * one *containing* it.
+		 */
+		char *dirname = xmemdupz(refname, refname_len - 1);
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, dirname, 0);
+		free(dirname);
+	} else {
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	}
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, refname_len);
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return -1;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+
+	memmove(&dir->entries[entry_index],
+		&dir->entries[entry_index + 1],
+		(dir->nr - entry_index - 1) * sizeof(*dir->entries)
+		);
+	dir->nr--;
+	if (dir->sorted > entry_index)
+		dir->sorted--;
+	free_ref_entry(entry);
+	return dir->nr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -504,28 +587,69 @@ static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
 	dir->sorted = dir->nr = i;
 }
 
-#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
+/* Include broken references in a do_for_each_ref*() iteration: */
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x01
 
+/*
+ * Return true iff the reference described by entry can be resolved to
+ * an object in the database.  Emit a warning if the referred-to
+ * object does not exist.
+ */
+static int ref_resolves_to_object(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return 0;
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_ref is a performance hack: when iterating over references
+ * using the for_each_ref*() functions, current_ref is set to the
+ * current reference's entry before calling the callback function.  If
+ * the callback function calls peel_ref(), then peel_ref() first
+ * checks whether the reference to be peeled is the current reference
+ * (it usually is) and if so, returns that reference's peeled version
+ * if it is available.  This avoids a refname lookup in a common case.
+ */
 static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
 
-static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-		      int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_entry *entry)
+typedef int each_ref_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data);
+
+struct ref_entry_cb {
+	const char *base;
+	int trim;
+	int flags;
+	each_ref_fn *fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Handle one reference in a do_for_each_ref*()-style iteration,
+ * calling an each_ref_fn for each entry.
+ */
+static int do_one_ref(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
+	struct ref_entry_cb *data = cb_data;
+	struct ref_entry *old_current_ref;
 	int retval;
-	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, base))
+
+	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, data->base))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
-		if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
-			return 0; /* ignore broken refs e.g. dangling symref */
-		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
-			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
+	if (!(data->flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN) &&
+	      !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Store the old value, in case this is a recursive call: */
+	old_current_ref = current_ref;
 	current_ref = entry;
-	retval = fn(entry->name + trim, entry->u.value.sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
-	current_ref = NULL;
+	retval = data->fn(entry->name + data->trim, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			  entry->flag, data->cb_data);
+	current_ref = old_current_ref;
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -533,11 +657,11 @@ static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
  * Call fn for each reference in dir that has index in the range
  * offset <= index < dir->nr.  Recurse into subdirectories that are in
  * that index range, sorting them before iterating.  This function
- * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.
+ * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.  fn is
+ * called for all references, including broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
-				  const char *base,
-				  each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
+				    each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(dir->sorted == dir->nr);
@@ -547,10 +671,9 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
 		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
 			struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(entry);
 			sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-			retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(subdir, 0,
-							base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 		} else {
-			retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
+			retval = fn(entry, cb_data);
 		}
 		if (retval)
 			return retval;
@@ -563,12 +686,12 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
  * by refname.  Recurse into subdirectories.  If a value entry appears
  * in both dir1 and dir2, then only process the version that is in
  * dir2.  The input dirs must already be sorted, but subdirs will be
- * sorted as needed.
+ * sorted as needed.  fn is called for all references, including
+ * broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
-				   struct ref_dir *dir2,
-				   const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-				   int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
+				     struct ref_dir *dir2,
+				     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int retval;
 	int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
@@ -579,12 +702,10 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
 		struct ref_entry *e1, *e2;
 		int cmp;
 		if (i1 == dir1->nr) {
-			return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-						      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir2, i2, fn, cb_data);
 		}
 		if (i2 == dir2->nr) {
-			return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-						      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir1, i1, fn, cb_data);
 		}
 		e1 = dir1->entries[i1];
 		e2 = dir2->entries[i2];
@@ -596,14 +717,13 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
 				struct ref_dir *subdir2 = get_ref_dir(e2);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir1);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir2);
-				retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-						subdir1, subdir2,
-						base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+						subdir1, subdir2, fn, cb_data);
 				i1++;
 				i2++;
 			} else if (!(e1->flag & REF_DIR) && !(e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
 				/* Both are references; ignore the one from dir1. */
-				retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e2);
+				retval = fn(e2, cb_data);
 				i1++;
 				i2++;
 			} else {
@@ -622,26 +742,33 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
 			if (e->flag & REF_DIR) {
 				struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(e);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-				retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-						subdir, 0,
-						base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+						subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 			} else {
-				retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e);
+				retval = fn(e, cb_data);
 			}
 		}
 		if (retval)
 			return retval;
 	}
-	if (i1 < dir1->nr)
-		return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-					      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-	if (i2 < dir2->nr)
-		return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-					      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
+ * Load all of the refs from the dir into our in-memory cache. The hard work
+ * of loading loose refs is done by get_ref_dir(), so we just need to recurse
+ * through all of the sub-directories. We do not even need to care about
+ * sorting, as traversal order does not matter to us.
+ */
+static void prime_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR)
+			prime_ref_dir(get_ref_dir(entry));
+	}
+}
+/*
  * Return true iff refname1 and refname2 conflict with each other.
  * Two reference names conflict if one of them exactly matches the
  * leading components of the other; e.g., "foo/bar" conflicts with
@@ -662,14 +789,13 @@ struct name_conflict_cb {
 	const char *conflicting_refname;
 };
 
-static int name_conflict_fn(const char *existingrefname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			    int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int name_conflict_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct name_conflict_cb *data = (struct name_conflict_cb *)cb_data;
-	if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, existingrefname))
+	if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, entry->name))
 		return 0;
-	if (names_conflict(data->refname, existingrefname)) {
-		data->conflicting_refname = existingrefname;
+	if (names_conflict(data->refname, entry->name)) {
+		data->conflicting_refname = entry->name;
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -677,7 +803,7 @@ static int name_conflict_fn(const char *existingrefname, const unsigned char *sh
 
 /*
  * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
- * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in array.  If
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in dir.  If
  * oldrefname is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with oldrefname
  * (e.g., because oldrefname is scheduled for deletion in the same
  * operation).
@@ -691,9 +817,7 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 	data.conflicting_refname = NULL;
 
 	sort_ref_dir(dir);
-	if (do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir, 0, "", name_conflict_fn,
-				   0, DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN,
-				   &data)) {
+	if (do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir, 0, name_conflict_fn, &data)) {
 		error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
 		      data.conflicting_refname, refname);
 		return 0;
@@ -701,6 +825,30 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+struct packed_ref_cache {
+	struct ref_entry *root;
+
+	/*
+	 * Count of references to the data structure in this instance,
+	 * including the pointer from ref_cache::packed if any.  The
+	 * data will not be freed as long as the reference count is
+	 * nonzero.
+	 */
+	unsigned int referrers;
+
+	/*
+	 * Iff the packed-refs file associated with this instance is
+	 * currently locked for writing, this points at the associated
+	 * lock (which is owned by somebody else).  The referrer count
+	 * is also incremented when the file is locked and decremented
+	 * when it is unlocked.
+	 */
+	struct lock_file *lock;
+
+	/* The metadata from when this packed-refs cache was read */
+	struct stat_validity validity;
+};
+
 /*
  * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
  * when doing a full libification.
@@ -708,16 +856,51 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 static struct ref_cache {
 	struct ref_cache *next;
 	struct ref_entry *loose;
-	struct ref_entry *packed;
-	/* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-} *ref_cache;
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed;
+	/*
+	 * The submodule name, or "" for the main repo.  We allocate
+	 * length 1 rather than FLEX_ARRAY so that the main ref_cache
+	 * is initialized correctly.
+	 */
+	char name[1];
+} ref_cache, *submodule_ref_caches;
+
+/* Lock used for the main packed-refs file: */
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+/*
+ * Increment the reference count of *packed_refs.
+ */
+static void acquire_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	packed_refs->referrers++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the reference count of *packed_refs.  If it goes to zero,
+ * free *packed_refs and return true; otherwise return false.
+ */
+static int release_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	if (!--packed_refs->referrers) {
+		free_ref_entry(packed_refs->root);
+		stat_validity_clear(&packed_refs->validity);
+		free(packed_refs);
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
 
 static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
 	if (refs->packed) {
-		free_ref_entry(refs->packed);
+		struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs = refs->packed;
+
+		if (packed_refs->lock)
+			die("internal error: packed-ref cache cleared while locked");
 		refs->packed = NULL;
+		release_packed_ref_cache(packed_refs);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -749,18 +932,18 @@ static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
  */
 static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = ref_cache;
-	if (!submodule)
-		submodule = "";
-	while (refs) {
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	if (!submodule || !*submodule)
+		return &ref_cache;
+
+	for (refs = submodule_ref_caches; refs; refs = refs->next)
 		if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
 			return refs;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
 
 	refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
-	refs->next = ref_cache;
-	ref_cache = refs;
+	refs->next = submodule_ref_caches;
+	submodule_ref_caches = refs;
 	return refs;
 }
 
@@ -771,6 +954,16 @@ void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
 	clear_loose_ref_cache(refs);
 }
 
+/* The length of a peeled reference line in packed-refs, including EOL: */
+#define PEELED_LINE_LENGTH 42
+
+/*
+ * The packed-refs header line that we write out.  Perhaps other
+ * traits will be added later.  The trailing space is required.
+ */
+static const char PACKED_REFS_HEADER[] =
+	"# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n";
+
 /*
  * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
  * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
@@ -804,11 +997,38 @@ static const char *parse_ref_line(char *line, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return line;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read f, which is a packed-refs file, into dir.
+ *
+ * A comment line of the form "# pack-refs with: " may contain zero or
+ * more traits. We interpret the traits as follows:
+ *
+ *   No traits:
+ *
+ *      Probably no references are peeled. But if the file contains a
+ *      peeled value for a reference, we will use it.
+ *
+ *   peeled:
+ *
+ *      References under "refs/tags/", if they *can* be peeled, *are*
+ *      peeled in this file. References outside of "refs/tags/" are
+ *      probably not peeled even if they could have been, but if we find
+ *      a peeled value for such a reference we will use it.
+ *
+ *   fully-peeled:
+ *
+ *      All references in the file that can be peeled are peeled.
+ *      Inversely (and this is more important), any references in the
+ *      file for which no peeled value is recorded is not peelable. This
+ *      trait should typically be written alongside "peeled" for
+ *      compatibility with older clients, but we do not require it
+ *      (i.e., "peeled" is a no-op if "fully-peeled" is set).
+ */
 static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
 	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
 	char refline[PATH_MAX];
-	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+	enum { PEELED_NONE, PEELED_TAGS, PEELED_FULLY } peeled = PEELED_NONE;
 
 	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -817,51 +1037,91 @@ static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
 
 		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
 			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
-			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
-				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			if (strstr(traits, " fully-peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_FULLY;
+			else if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_TAGS;
 			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		refname = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
 		if (refname) {
-			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1);
+			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1);
+			if (peeled == PEELED_FULLY ||
+			    (peeled == PEELED_TAGS && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/")))
+				last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
 			add_ref(dir, last);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (last &&
 		    refline[0] == '^' &&
-		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
-		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
-		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
+		    strlen(refline) == PEELED_LINE_LENGTH &&
+		    refline[PEELED_LINE_LENGTH - 1] == '\n' &&
+		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1)) {
 			hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled, sha1);
+			/*
+			 * Regardless of what the file header said,
+			 * we definitely know the value of *this*
+			 * reference:
+			 */
+			last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+/*
+ * Get the packed_ref_cache for the specified ref_cache, creating it
+ * if necessary.
+ */
+static struct packed_ref_cache *get_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
+	const char *packed_refs_file;
+
+	if (*refs->name)
+		packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
+	else
+		packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+
+	if (refs->packed &&
+	    !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed->validity, packed_refs_file))
+		clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+
 	if (!refs->packed) {
-		const char *packed_refs_file;
 		FILE *f;
 
-		refs->packed = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
-		if (*refs->name)
-			packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
-		else
-			packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+		refs->packed = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*refs->packed));
+		acquire_packed_ref_cache(refs->packed);
+		refs->packed->root = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
 		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
 		if (f) {
-			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed));
+			stat_validity_update(&refs->packed->validity, fileno(f));
+			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed->root));
 			fclose(f);
 		}
 	}
-	return get_ref_dir(refs->packed);
+	return refs->packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_ref_dir(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache)
+{
+	return get_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache->root);
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	return get_packed_ref_dir(get_packed_ref_cache(refs));
 }
 
 void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	add_ref(get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)),
-			create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed refs not locked");
+	add_ref(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+		create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1031,18 +1291,43 @@ int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sh
 }
 
 /*
- * Try to read ref from the packed references.  On success, set sha1
- * and return 0; otherwise, return -1.
+ * Return the ref_entry for the given refname from the packed
+ * references.  If it does not exist, return NULL.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *get_packed_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+	return find_ref(get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A loose ref file doesn't exist; check for a packed ref.  The
+ * options are forwarded from resolve_safe_unsafe().
  */
-static int get_packed_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+static const char *handle_missing_loose_ref(const char *refname,
+					    unsigned char *sha1,
+					    int reading,
+					    int *flag)
 {
-	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	struct ref_entry *entry = find_ref(packed, refname);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * The loose reference file does not exist; check for a packed
+	 * reference.
+	 */
+	entry = get_packed_ref(refname);
 	if (entry) {
 		hashcpy(sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
-		return 0;
+		if (flag)
+			*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
+		return refname;
+	}
+	/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
+	if (reading) {
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		hashclr(sha1);
+		return refname;
 	}
-	return -1;
 }
 
 const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1069,32 +1354,34 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 
 		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", refname);
 
+		/*
+		 * We might have to loop back here to avoid a race
+		 * condition: first we lstat() the file, then we try
+		 * to read it as a link or as a file.  But if somebody
+		 * changes the type of the file (file <-> directory
+		 * <-> symlink) between the lstat() and reading, then
+		 * we don't want to report that as an error but rather
+		 * try again starting with the lstat().
+		 */
+	stat_ref:
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				return handle_missing_loose_ref(refname, sha1,
+								reading, flag);
+			else
 				return NULL;
-			/*
-			 * The loose reference file does not exist;
-			 * check for a packed reference.
-			 */
-			if (!get_packed_ref(refname, sha1)) {
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
-				return refname;
-			}
-			/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
-			if (reading) {
-				return NULL;
-			} else {
-				hashclr(sha1);
-				return refname;
-			}
 		}
 
 		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
 		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-			if (len < 0)
-				return NULL;
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
+					/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+					goto stat_ref;
+				else
+					return NULL;
+			}
 			buffer[len] = 0;
 			if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "refs/") &&
 					!check_refname_format(buffer, 0)) {
@@ -1117,8 +1404,13 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 		 * a ref
 		 */
 		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-		if (fd < 0)
-			return NULL;
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+				goto stat_ref;
+			else
+				return NULL;
+		}
 		len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
 		close(fd);
 		if (len < 0)
@@ -1130,8 +1422,19 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 		/*
 		 * Is it a symbolic ref?
 		 */
-		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:"))
-			break;
+		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:")) {
+			/*
+			 * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second
+			 * line containing other data.
+			 */
+			if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) ||
+			    (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
+				if (flag)
+					*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			return refname;
+		}
 		if (flag)
 			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
 		buf = buffer + 4;
@@ -1144,13 +1447,6 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 		}
 		refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
 	}
-	/* Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second line containing other data. */
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return refname;
 }
 
 char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1193,54 +1489,130 @@ static int filter_refs(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags
 	return filter->fn(refname, sha1, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
+enum peel_status {
+	/* object was peeled successfully: */
+	PEEL_PEELED = 0,
+
+	/*
+	 * object cannot be peeled because the named object (or an
+	 * object referred to by a tag in the peel chain), does not
+	 * exist.
+	 */
+	PEEL_INVALID = -1,
+
+	/* object cannot be peeled because it is not a tag: */
+	PEEL_NON_TAG = -2,
+
+	/* ref_entry contains no peeled value because it is a symref: */
+	PEEL_IS_SYMREF = -3,
+
+	/*
+	 * ref_entry cannot be peeled because it is broken (i.e., the
+	 * symbolic reference cannot even be resolved to an object
+	 * name):
+	 */
+	PEEL_BROKEN = -4
+};
+
+/*
+ * Peel the named object; i.e., if the object is a tag, resolve the
+ * tag recursively until a non-tag is found.  If successful, store the
+ * result to sha1 and return PEEL_PEELED.  If the object is not a tag
+ * or is not valid, return PEEL_NON_TAG or PEEL_INVALID, respectively,
+ * and leave sha1 unchanged.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(name);
+
+	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		int type = sha1_object_info(name, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			return PEEL_INVALID;
+		o->type = type;
+	}
+
+	if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return PEEL_NON_TAG;
+
+	o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
+	if (!o)
+		return PEEL_INVALID;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	return PEEL_PEELED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Peel the entry (if possible) and return its new peel_status.  If
+ * repeel is true, re-peel the entry even if there is an old peeled
+ * value that is already stored in it.
+ *
+ * It is OK to call this function with a packed reference entry that
+ * might be stale and might even refer to an object that has since
+ * been garbage-collected.  In such a case, if the entry has
+ * REF_KNOWS_PEELED then leave the status unchanged and return
+ * PEEL_PEELED or PEEL_NON_TAG; otherwise, return PEEL_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_entry(struct ref_entry *entry, int repeel)
+{
+	enum peel_status status;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+		if (repeel) {
+			entry->flag &= ~REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			hashclr(entry->u.value.peeled);
+		} else {
+			return is_null_sha1(entry->u.value.peeled) ?
+				PEEL_NON_TAG : PEEL_PEELED;
+		}
+	}
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return PEEL_BROKEN;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return PEEL_IS_SYMREF;
+
+	status = peel_object(entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.peeled);
+	if (status == PEEL_PEELED || status == PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		entry->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+	return status;
+}
+
 int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int flag;
 	unsigned char base[20];
-	struct object *o;
 
 	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
-		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
-		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			if (is_null_sha1(current_ref->u.value.peeled))
-			    return -1;
-			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		hashcpy(base, current_ref->u.value.sha1);
-		goto fallback;
+			    || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
+		if (peel_entry(current_ref, 0))
+			return -1;
+		hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (read_ref_full(refname, base, 1, &flag))
 		return -1;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-		struct ref_dir *dir = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-		struct ref_entry *r = find_ref(dir, refname);
-
-		if (r != NULL && r->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+	/*
+	 * If the reference is packed, read its ref_entry from the
+	 * cache in the hope that we already know its peeled value.
+	 * We only try this optimization on packed references because
+	 * (a) forcing the filling of the loose reference cache could
+	 * be expensive and (b) loose references anyway usually do not
+	 * have REF_KNOWS_PEELED.
+	 */
+	if (flag & REF_ISPACKED) {
+		struct ref_entry *r = get_packed_ref(refname);
+		if (r) {
+			if (peel_entry(r, 0))
+				return -1;
 			hashcpy(sha1, r->u.value.peeled);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
 
-fallback:
-	o = lookup_unknown_object(base);
-	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
-		int type = sha1_object_info(base, NULL);
-		if (type < 0)
-			return -1;
-		o->type = type;
-	}
-
-	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
-		if (o) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return -1;
+	return peel_object(base, sha1);
 }
 
 struct warn_if_dangling_data {
@@ -1278,40 +1650,84 @@ void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
 	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
-			   int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache, omitting
+ * references not in the containing_dir of base.  fn is called for all
+ * references, including broken ones.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	struct ref_dir *packed_dir = get_packed_refs(refs);
-	struct ref_dir *loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+	struct ref_dir *loose_dir;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_dir;
 	int retval = 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * We must make sure that all loose refs are read before accessing the
+	 * packed-refs file; this avoids a race condition in which loose refs
+	 * are migrated to the packed-refs file by a simultaneous process, but
+	 * our in-memory view is from before the migration. get_packed_ref_cache()
+	 * takes care of making sure our view is up to date with what is on
+	 * disk.
+	 */
+	loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
 	if (base && *base) {
-		packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
 		loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
 	}
+	if (loose_dir)
+		prime_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	packed_dir = get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
+	}
 
 	if (packed_dir && loose_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
 		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-				packed_dir, loose_dir,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+				packed_dir, loose_dir, fn, cb_data);
 	} else if (packed_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-				packed_dir, 0,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				packed_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 	} else if (loose_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-				loose_dir, 0,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				loose_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 	}
 
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
 	return retval;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache for which the
+ * refname begins with base.  If trim is non-zero, then trim that many
+ * characters off the beginning of each refname before passing the
+ * refname to fn.  flags can be DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN to include
+ * broken references in the iteration.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_ref(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			   each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb data;
+	data.base = base;
+	data.trim = trim;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.fn = fn;
+	data.cb_data = cb_data;
+
+	return do_for_each_entry(refs, base, do_one_ref, &data);
+}
+
 static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -1342,23 +1758,23 @@ int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
 		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1393,7 +1809,7 @@ int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *c
 
 int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1416,7 +1832,7 @@ int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
-	ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	ret = do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1458,7 +1874,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0,
 			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -1539,7 +1955,7 @@ static int remove_empty_directories(const char *file)
 static char *substitute_branch_name(const char **string, int *len)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, &buf);
+	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, *len, &buf);
 
 	if (ret == *len) {
 		size_t size;
@@ -1664,7 +2080,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
 	 */
 	if (missing &&
-	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)))) {
+	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache))) {
 		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
 		goto error_return;
 	}
@@ -1709,72 +2125,375 @@ struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha
 }
 
 struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-					 const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags)
+					 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+					 int flags, int *type_p)
 {
 	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
 		return NULL;
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
+	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, type_p);
 }
 
-struct repack_without_ref_sb {
-	const char *refname;
-	int fd;
-};
-
-static int repack_without_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-				 int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Write an entry to the packed-refs file for the specified refname.
+ * If peeled is non-NULL, write it as the entry's peeled value.
+ */
+static void write_packed_entry(int fd, char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+			       unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-	struct repack_without_ref_sb *data = cb_data;
 	char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
 	int len;
 
-	if (!strcmp(data->refname, refname))
-		return 0;
 	len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
 	/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
 	if (len > sizeof(line))
 		die("too long a refname '%s'", refname);
-	write_or_die(data->fd, line, len);
+	write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+
+	if (peeled) {
+		if (snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "^%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(peeled)) != PEELED_LINE_LENGTH)
+			die("internal error");
+		write_or_die(fd, line, PEELED_LINE_LENGTH);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that writes the entry to a packed-refs file.
+ */
+static int write_packed_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *fd = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 0);
+
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		error("internal error: %s is not a valid packed reference!",
+		      entry->name);
+	write_packed_entry(*fd, entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			   peel_status == PEEL_PEELED ?
+			   entry->u.value.peeled : NULL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct lock_file packlock;
+int lock_packed_refs(int flags)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
 
-static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), flags) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/*
+	 * Get the current packed-refs while holding the lock.  If the
+	 * packed-refs file has been modified since we last read it,
+	 * this will automatically invalidate the cache and re-read
+	 * the packed-refs file.
+	 */
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = &packlock;
+	/* Increment the reference count to prevent it from being freed: */
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int commit_packed_refs(void)
 {
-	struct repack_without_ref_sb data;
-	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	if (find_ref(packed, refname) == NULL)
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	int error = 0;
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	write_or_die(packed_ref_cache->lock->fd,
+		     PACKED_REFS_HEADER, strlen(PACKED_REFS_HEADER));
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+				 0, write_packed_entry_fn,
+				 &packed_ref_cache->lock->fd);
+	if (commit_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock))
+		error = -1;
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return error;
+}
+
+void rollback_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	rollback_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	clear_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+}
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_refs;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that is run over loose references only.  If
+ * the loose reference can be packed, add an entry in the packed ref
+ * cache.  If the reference should be pruned, also add it to
+ * ref_to_prune in the pack_refs_cb_data.
+ */
+static int pack_if_possible_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status;
+	struct ref_entry *packed_entry;
+	int is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(entry->name, "refs/tags/");
+
+	/* ALWAYS pack tags */
+	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref)
 		return 0;
-	data.refname = refname;
-	data.fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
-	if (data.fd < 0) {
+
+	/* Do not pack symbolic or broken refs: */
+	if ((entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Add a packed ref cache entry equivalent to the loose entry. */
+	peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 1);
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		die("internal error peeling reference %s (%s)",
+		    entry->name, sha1_to_hex(entry->u.value.sha1));
+	packed_entry = find_ref(cb->packed_refs, entry->name);
+	if (packed_entry) {
+		/* Overwrite existing packed entry with info from loose entry */
+		packed_entry->flag = REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+	} else {
+		packed_entry = create_ref_entry(entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+						REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED, 0);
+		add_ref(cb->packed_refs, packed_entry);
+	}
+	hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.peeled, entry->u.value.peeled);
+
+	/* Schedule the loose reference for pruning if requested. */
+	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)) {
+		int namelen = strlen(entry->name) + 1;
+		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+		strcpy(n->name, entry->name);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
+ * Note: munges *name.
+ */
+static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
+{
+	char *p, *q;
+	int i;
+	p = name;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
+		while (*p && *p != '/')
+			p++;
+		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
+		while (*p == '/')
+			p++;
+	}
+	for (q = p; *q; q++)
+		;
+	while (1) {
+		while (q > p && *q != '/')
+			q--;
+		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
+			q--;
+		if (q == p)
+			break;
+		*q = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
+
+	if (lock) {
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	cbdata.packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), 0,
+				 pack_if_possible_fn, &cbdata);
+
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+
+	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If entry is no longer needed in packed-refs, add it to the string
+ * list pointed to by cb_data.  Reasons for deleting entries:
+ *
+ * - Entry is broken.
+ * - Entry is overridden by a loose ref.
+ * - Entry does not point at a valid object.
+ *
+ * In the first and third cases, also emit an error message because these
+ * are indications of repository corruption.
+ */
+static int curate_packed_ref_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct string_list *refs_to_delete = cb_data;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN) {
+		/* This shouldn't happen to packed refs. */
+		error("%s is broken!", entry->name);
+		string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		int flags;
+
+		if (read_ref_full(entry->name, sha1, 0, &flags))
+			/* We should at least have found the packed ref. */
+			die("Internal error");
+		if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) || !(flags & REF_ISPACKED)) {
+			/*
+			 * This packed reference is overridden by a
+			 * loose reference, so it is OK that its value
+			 * is no longer valid; for example, it might
+			 * refer to an object that has been garbage
+			 * collected.  For this purpose we don't even
+			 * care whether the loose reference itself is
+			 * invalid, broken, symbolic, etc.  Silently
+			 * remove the packed reference.
+			 */
+			string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * There is no overriding loose reference, so the fact
+		 * that this reference doesn't refer to a valid object
+		 * indicates some kind of repository corruption.
+		 * Report the problem, then omit the reference from
+		 * the output.
+		 */
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int repack_without_refs(const char **refnames, int n)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *packed;
+	struct string_list refs_to_delete = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *ref_to_delete;
+	int i, removed = 0;
+
+	/* Look for a packed ref */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (get_packed_ref(refnames[i]))
+			break;
+
+	/* Avoid locking if we have nothing to do */
+	if (i == n)
+		return 0; /* no refname exists in packed refs */
+
+	if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
 		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
-		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
+		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refnames[i]);
 	}
-	do_for_each_ref_in_dir(packed, 0, "", repack_without_ref_fn, 0, 0, &data);
-	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+	packed = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	/* Remove refnames from the cache */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (remove_entry(packed, refnames[i]) != -1)
+			removed = 1;
+	if (!removed) {
+		/*
+		 * All packed entries disappeared while we were
+		 * acquiring the lock.
+		 */
+		rollback_packed_refs();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Remove any other accumulated cruft */
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(packed, 0, curate_packed_ref_fn, &refs_to_delete);
+	for_each_string_list_item(ref_to_delete, &refs_to_delete) {
+		if (remove_entry(packed, ref_to_delete->string) == -1)
+			die("internal error");
+	}
+
+	/* Write what remains */
+	return commit_packed_refs();
 }
 
-int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
+static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+	return repack_without_refs(&refname, 1);
+}
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, delopt, &flag);
-	if (!lock)
-		return 1;
+static int delete_ref_loose(struct ref_lock *lock, int flag)
+{
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
 		/* loose */
-		i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+		int err, i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+
 		lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
 		err = unlink_or_warn(lock->lk->filename);
-		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
-			ret = 1;
-
 		lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
+			return 1;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int ret = 0, flag = 0;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, delopt, &flag);
+	if (!lock)
+		return 1;
+	ret |= delete_ref_loose(lock, flag);
+
 	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
 	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
 	 * without it.
@@ -1782,7 +2501,7 @@ int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
 	ret |= repack_without_ref(lock->ref_name);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
-	invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
 	unlock_ref(lock);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1804,7 +2523,6 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 	struct stat loginfo;
 	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
 	const char *symref = NULL;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
 
 	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
 		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
@@ -1816,10 +2534,10 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 	if (!symref)
 		return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(refs)))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache)))
 		return 1;
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(refs)))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(&ref_cache)))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
@@ -2075,7 +2793,7 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(get_ref_cache(NULL));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
 	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
 	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
 	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
@@ -2291,59 +3009,117 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct strbuf *sb, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+	char *email_end, *message;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	int tz;
+
+	/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+	if (sb->len < 83 || sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf, osha1) || sb->buf[40] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf + 41, nsha1) || sb->buf[81] != ' ' ||
+	    !(email_end = strchr(sb->buf + 82, '>')) ||
+	    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+	    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+	    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+	    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+		return 0; /* corrupt? */
+	email_end[1] = '\0';
+	tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (message[6] != '\t')
+		message += 6;
+	else
+		message += 7;
+	return fn(osha1, nsha1, sb->buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+}
+
+static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
+{
+	while (bob < scan && *(--scan) != '\n')
+		; /* keep scanning backwards */
+	/*
+	 * Return either beginning of the buffer, or LF at the end of
+	 * the previous line.
+	 */
+	return scan;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *logfile;
-	FILE *logfp;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = 0;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	long pos;
+	int ret = 0, at_tail = 1;
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
 	if (!logfp)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (ofs) {
-		struct stat statbuf;
-		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
-		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
-		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
-		    strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-			fclose(logfp);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-			return -1;
+	/* Jump to the end */
+	if (fseek(logfp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+			     refname, strerror(errno));
+	pos = ftell(logfp);
+	while (!ret && 0 < pos) {
+		int cnt;
+		size_t nread;
+		char buf[BUFSIZ];
+		char *endp, *scanp;
+
+		/* Fill next block from the end */
+		cnt = (sizeof(buf) < pos) ? sizeof(buf) : pos;
+		if (fseek(logfp, pos - cnt, SEEK_SET))
+			return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+				     refname, strerror(errno));
+		nread = fread(buf, cnt, 1, logfp);
+		if (nread != 1)
+			return error("cannot read %d bytes from reflog for %s: %s",
+				     cnt, refname, strerror(errno));
+		pos -= cnt;
+
+		scanp = endp = buf + cnt;
+		if (at_tail && scanp[-1] == '\n')
+			/* Looking at the final LF at the end of the file */
+			scanp--;
+		at_tail = 0;
+
+		while (buf < scanp) {
+			/*
+			 * terminating LF of the previous line, or the beginning
+			 * of the buffer.
+			 */
+			char *bp;
+
+			bp = find_beginning_of_line(buf, scanp);
+
+			if (*bp != '\n') {
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				if (pos)
+					break; /* need to fill another block */
+				scanp = buf - 1; /* leave loop */
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * (bp + 1) thru endp is the beginning of the
+				 * current line we have in sb
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
+				scanp = bp;
+				endp = bp + 1;
+			}
+			ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+			strbuf_reset(&sb);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
 		}
-	}
 
-	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
-		char *email_end, *message;
-		unsigned long timestamp;
-		int tz;
-
-		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
-		if (sb.len < 83 || sb.buf[sb.len - 1] != '\n' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, osha1) || sb.buf[40] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + 41, nsha1) || sb.buf[81] != ' ' ||
-		    !(email_end = strchr(sb.buf + 82, '>')) ||
-		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
-		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
-		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
-		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
-		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
-		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
-			continue; /* corrupt? */
-		email_end[1] = '\0';
-		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (message[6] != '\t')
-			message += 6;
-		else
-			message += 7;
-		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, sb.buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message,
-			 cb_data);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
 	}
+	if (!ret && sb.len)
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+
 	fclose(logfp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return ret;
@@ -2351,9 +3127,20 @@ int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long
 
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(refname, fn, 0, cb_data);
-}
+	FILE *logfp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
 
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
 /*
  * Call fn for each reflog in the namespace indicated by name.  name
  * must be empty or end with '/'.  Name will be used as a scratch
@@ -2409,12 +3196,13 @@ int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 	return retval;
 }
 
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+static struct ref_lock *update_ref_lock(const char *refname,
+					const unsigned char *oldval,
+					int flags, int *type_p,
+					enum action_on_err onerr)
 {
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags);
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags, type_p);
 	if (!lock) {
 		const char *str = "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.";
 		switch (onerr) {
@@ -2422,8 +3210,14 @@ int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
 		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
 		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
 		}
-		return 1;
 	}
+	return lock;
+}
+
+static int update_ref_write(const char *action, const char *refname,
+			    const unsigned char *sha1, struct ref_lock *lock,
+			    enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, action) < 0) {
 		const char *str = "Cannot update the ref '%s'.";
 		switch (onerr) {
@@ -2436,12 +3230,115 @@ int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
+	       int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
-		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
-			return (struct ref *)list;
-	return NULL;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	lock = update_ref_lock(refname, oldval, flags, 0, onerr);
+	if (!lock)
+		return 1;
+	return update_ref_write(action, refname, sha1, lock, onerr);
+}
+
+static int ref_update_compare(const void *r1, const void *r2)
+{
+	const struct ref_update * const *u1 = r1;
+	const struct ref_update * const *u2 = r2;
+	return strcmp((*u1)->ref_name, (*u2)->ref_name);
+}
+
+static int ref_update_reject_duplicates(struct ref_update **updates, int n,
+					enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(updates[i - 1]->ref_name, updates[i]->ref_name)) {
+			const char *str =
+				"Multiple updates for ref '%s' not allowed.";
+			switch (onerr) {
+			case MSG_ON_ERR:
+				error(str, updates[i]->ref_name); break;
+			case DIE_ON_ERR:
+				die(str, updates[i]->ref_name); break;
+			case QUIET_ON_ERR:
+				break;
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int update_refs(const char *action, const struct ref_update **updates_orig,
+		int n, enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	int ret = 0, delnum = 0, i;
+	struct ref_update **updates;
+	int *types;
+	struct ref_lock **locks;
+	const char **delnames;
+
+	if (!updates_orig || !n)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Allocate work space */
+	updates = xmalloc(sizeof(*updates) * n);
+	types = xmalloc(sizeof(*types) * n);
+	locks = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*locks));
+	delnames = xmalloc(sizeof(*delnames) * n);
+
+	/* Copy, sort, and reject duplicate refs */
+	memcpy(updates, updates_orig, sizeof(*updates) * n);
+	qsort(updates, n, sizeof(*updates), ref_update_compare);
+	ret = ref_update_reject_duplicates(updates, n, onerr);
+	if (ret)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* Acquire all locks while verifying old values */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		locks[i] = update_ref_lock(updates[i]->ref_name,
+					   (updates[i]->have_old ?
+					    updates[i]->old_sha1 : NULL),
+					   updates[i]->flags,
+					   &types[i], onerr);
+		if (!locks[i]) {
+			ret = 1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform updates first so live commits remain referenced */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (!is_null_sha1(updates[i]->new_sha1)) {
+			ret = update_ref_write(action,
+					       updates[i]->ref_name,
+					       updates[i]->new_sha1,
+					       locks[i], onerr);
+			locks[i] = NULL; /* freed by update_ref_write */
+			if (ret)
+				goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+	/* Perform deletes now that updates are safely completed */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (locks[i]) {
+			delnames[delnum++] = locks[i]->ref_name;
+			ret |= delete_ref_loose(locks[i], types[i]);
+		}
+	ret |= repack_without_refs(delnames, delnum);
+	for (i = 0; i < delnum; i++)
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", delnames[i]));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+cleanup:
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (locks[i])
+			unlock_ref(locks[i]);
+	free(updates);
+	free(types);
+	free(locks);
+	free(delnames);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2553,3 +3450,46 @@ char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
 	free(short_name);
 	return xstrdup(refname);
 }
+
+static struct string_list *hide_refs;
+
+int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *section)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("transfer.hiderefs", var) ||
+	    /* NEEDSWORK: use parse_config_key() once both are merged */
+	    (!prefixcmp(var, section) && var[strlen(section)] == '.' &&
+	     !strcmp(var + strlen(section), ".hiderefs"))) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ref = xstrdup(value);
+		len = strlen(ref);
+		while (len && ref[len - 1] == '/')
+			ref[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!hide_refs) {
+			hide_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*hide_refs));
+			hide_refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+		}
+		string_list_append(hide_refs, ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_is_hidden(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!hide_refs)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, hide_refs) {
+		int len;
+		if (prefixcmp(refname, item->string))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(item->string);
+		if (!refname[len] || refname[len] == '/')
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index d6c2fe2dfb..b113377c48 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -10,18 +10,55 @@ struct ref_lock {
 	int force_write;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Information needed for a single ref update.  Set new_sha1 to the
+ * new value or to zero to delete the ref.  To check the old value
+ * while locking the ref, set have_old to 1 and set old_sha1 to the
+ * value or to zero to ensure the ref does not exist before update.
+ */
+struct ref_update {
+	const char *ref_name;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int flags; /* REF_NODEREF? */
+	int have_old; /* 1 if old_sha1 is valid, 0 otherwise */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Bit values set in the flags argument passed to each_ref_fn():
+ */
+
+/* Reference is a symbolic reference. */
 #define REF_ISSYMREF 0x01
+
+/* Reference is a packed reference. */
 #define REF_ISPACKED 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Reference cannot be resolved to an object name: dangling symbolic
+ * reference (directly or indirectly), corrupt reference file, or
+ * symbolic reference refers to ill-formatted reference name.
+ */
 #define REF_ISBROKEN 0x04
 
 /*
- * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns
- * nonzero, and returns the value.  Please note that it is not safe to
- * modify references while an iteration is in progress, unless the
- * same callback function invocation that modifies the reference also
- * returns a nonzero value to immediately stop the iteration.
+ * The signature for the callback function for the for_each_*()
+ * functions below.  The memory pointed to by the refname and sha1
+ * arguments is only guaranteed to be valid for the duration of a
+ * single callback invocation.
+ */
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname,
+			const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * The following functions invoke the specified callback function for
+ * each reference indicated.  If the function ever returns a nonzero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value.  Please note that
+ * it is not safe to modify references while an iteration is in
+ * progress, unless the same callback function invocation that
+ * modifies the reference also returns a nonzero value to immediately
+ * stop the iteration.
  */
-typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
 extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *);
@@ -54,13 +91,57 @@ extern int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname);
 
 /*
- * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  To actually
- * write the reference to the packed-refs file, call pack_refs().
+ * Lock the packed-refs file for writing.  Flags is passed to
+ * hold_lock_file_for_update().  Return 0 on success.
+ */
+extern int lock_packed_refs(int flags);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  This may
+ * only be called while the packed-refs file is locked (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  To actually write the packed-refs file, call
+ * commit_packed_refs().
  */
 extern void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Write the current version of the packed refs cache from memory to
+ * disk.  The packed-refs file must already be locked for writing (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  Return zero on success.
+ */
+extern int commit_packed_refs(void);
+
+/*
+ * Rollback the lockfile for the packed-refs file, and discard the
+ * in-memory packed reference cache.  (The packed-refs file will be
+ * read anew if it is needed again after this function is called.)
+ */
+extern void rollback_packed_refs(void);
+
+/*
+ * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
+ * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
+ * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
+ */
+#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
+#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
+
+/*
+ * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
+ * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
+ */
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
+
 extern int ref_exists(const char *);
 
+/*
+ * If refname is a non-symbolic reference that refers to a tag object,
+ * and the tag can be (recursively) dereferenced to a non-tag object,
+ * store the SHA1 of the referred-to object to sha1 and return 0.  If
+ * any of these conditions are not met, return a non-zero value.
+ * Symbolic references are considered unpeelable, even if they
+ * ultimately resolve to a peelable tag.
+ */
 extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 /** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
@@ -70,7 +151,7 @@ extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *
 #define REF_NODEREF	0x01
 extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
 						const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-						int flags);
+						int flags, int *type_p);
 
 /** Close the file descriptor owned by a lock and return the status */
 extern int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
@@ -103,7 +184,7 @@ extern int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
 /* iterate over reflog entries */
 typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
@@ -147,4 +228,13 @@ int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
 		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
 		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
 
+/**
+ * Lock all refs and then perform all modifications.
+ */
+int update_refs(const char *action, const struct ref_update **updates,
+		int n, enum action_on_err onerr);
+
+extern int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
+extern int ref_is_hidden(const char *);
+
 #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index 9a8b123507..b5ebe01800 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static struct remote *remote;
 static const char *url; /* always ends with a trailing slash */
@@ -15,11 +17,13 @@ struct options {
 	int verbosity;
 	unsigned long depth;
 	unsigned progress : 1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected : 1,
 		followtags : 1,
 		dry_run : 1,
 		thin : 1;
 };
 static struct options options;
+static struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
@@ -66,6 +70,22 @@ static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 			return -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "check-connectivity")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "cas")) {
+		struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&val, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=%s", value);
+		string_list_append(&cas_options, val.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&val);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	else {
 		return 1 /* unsupported */;
 	}
@@ -76,22 +96,112 @@ struct discovery {
 	char *buf_alloc;
 	char *buf;
 	size_t len;
+	struct ref *refs;
 	unsigned proto_git : 1;
 };
 static struct discovery *last_discovery;
 
+static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
+{
+	struct ref *list = NULL;
+	get_remote_heads(-1, heads->buf, heads->len, &list,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
+	return list;
+}
+
+static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
+{
+	char *data, *start, *mid;
+	char *ref_name;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	struct ref *refs = NULL;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	struct ref *last_ref = NULL;
+
+	data = heads->buf;
+	start = NULL;
+	mid = data;
+	while (i < heads->len) {
+		if (!start) {
+			start = &data[i];
+		}
+		if (data[i] == '\t')
+			mid = &data[i];
+		if (data[i] == '\n') {
+			if (mid - start != 40)
+				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url);
+			data[i] = 0;
+			ref_name = mid + 1;
+			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
+				      strlen(ref_name) + 1);
+			memset(ref, 0, sizeof(struct ref));
+			strcpy(ref->name, ref_name);
+			get_sha1_hex(start, ref->old_sha1);
+			if (!refs)
+				refs = ref;
+			if (last_ref)
+				last_ref->next = ref;
+			last_ref = ref;
+			start = NULL;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
+	if (!http_fetch_ref(url, ref) &&
+	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
+		ref->next = refs;
+		refs = ref;
+	} else {
+		free(ref);
+	}
+
+	return refs;
+}
+
 static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
 {
 	if (d) {
 		if (d == last_discovery)
 			last_discovery = NULL;
 		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free_refs(d->refs);
 		free(d);
 	}
 }
 
-static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
+static int show_http_message(struct strbuf *type, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
+	const char *p, *eol;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only show text/plain parts, as other types are likely
+	 * to be ugly to look at on the user's terminal.
+	 *
+	 * TODO should handle "; charset=XXX", and re-encode into
+	 * logoutputencoding
+	 */
+	if (strcasecmp(type->buf, "text/plain"))
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_trim(msg);
+	if (!msg->len)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = msg->buf;
+	do {
+		eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr, "remote: %.*s\n", (int)(eol - p), p);
+		p = eol + 1;
+	} while(*eol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf type = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
 	char *refs_url;
@@ -113,18 +223,20 @@ static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
 	}
 	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
 
-	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &type, &buffer,
+				   HTTP_NO_CACHE | HTTP_KEEP_ERROR);
 	switch (http_ret) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		break;
 	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
-		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
-		    " server?", refs_url);
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("repository '%s' not found", url);
 	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
-		die("Authentication failed");
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("Authentication failed for '%s'", url);
 	default:
-		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
-		die("HTTP request failed");
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	}
 
 	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
@@ -132,132 +244,57 @@ static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
 	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
 	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
 
-	if (maybe_smart && 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
-		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+	strbuf_addf(&exp, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service);
+	if (maybe_smart &&
+	    (5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') &&
+	    !strbuf_cmp(&exp, &type)) {
+		char *line;
+
+		/*
+		 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
 		 * pkt-line matches our request.
 		 */
-		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
-			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
-		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
+		line = packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL);
 
+		strbuf_reset(&exp);
 		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
-		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
-			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
+		if (strcmp(line, exp.buf))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line);
 		strbuf_release(&exp);
 
 		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
 		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
 		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
 		 */
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
-			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
+		while (packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL))
+			;
 
 		last->proto_git = 1;
 	}
 
+	if (last->proto_git)
+		last->refs = parse_git_refs(last, for_push);
+	else
+		last->refs = parse_info_refs(last);
+
 	free(refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&exp);
+	strbuf_release(&type);
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
 	last_discovery = last;
 	return last;
 }
 
-static int write_discovery(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	struct discovery *heads = data;
-	int err = 0;
-	if (write_in_full(out, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
-		err = 1;
-	close(out);
-	return err;
-}
-
-static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
-{
-	struct ref *list = NULL;
-	struct async async;
-
-	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = write_discovery;
-	async.data = heads;
-	async.out = -1;
-
-	if (start_async(&async))
-		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
-	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list,
-			for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
-	close(async.out);
-	if (finish_async(&async))
-		die("ref parsing thread failed");
-	return list;
-}
-
-static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
-{
-	char *data, *start, *mid;
-	char *ref_name;
-	int i = 0;
-
-	struct ref *refs = NULL;
-	struct ref *ref = NULL;
-	struct ref *last_ref = NULL;
-
-	data = heads->buf;
-	start = NULL;
-	mid = data;
-	while (i < heads->len) {
-		if (!start) {
-			start = &data[i];
-		}
-		if (data[i] == '\t')
-			mid = &data[i];
-		if (data[i] == '\n') {
-			if (mid - start != 40)
-				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url);
-			data[i] = 0;
-			ref_name = mid + 1;
-			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
-				      strlen(ref_name) + 1);
-			memset(ref, 0, sizeof(struct ref));
-			strcpy(ref->name, ref_name);
-			get_sha1_hex(start, ref->old_sha1);
-			if (!refs)
-				refs = ref;
-			if (last_ref)
-				last_ref->next = ref;
-			last_ref = ref;
-			start = NULL;
-		}
-		i++;
-	}
-
-	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
-	if (!http_fetch_ref(url, ref) &&
-	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
-		ref->next = refs;
-		refs = ref;
-	} else {
-		free(ref);
-	}
-
-	return refs;
-}
-
 static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
 {
 	struct discovery *heads;
 
 	if (for_push)
-		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", for_push);
 	else
-		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", for_push);
 
-	if (heads->proto_git)
-		return parse_git_refs(heads, for_push);
-	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+	return heads->refs;
 }
 
 static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
@@ -271,7 +308,6 @@ static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
 	}
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
-	free_refs(refs);
 }
 
 struct rpc_state {
@@ -301,7 +337,7 @@ static size_t rpc_out(void *ptr, size_t eltsize,
 
 	if (!avail) {
 		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
-		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		avail = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!avail)
 			return 0;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -418,7 +454,7 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, buf, left, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->len += n;
@@ -572,7 +608,7 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	while (!err) {
-		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		int n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -637,7 +673,7 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *depth_arg = NULL;
 	int argc = 0, i, err;
-	const char *argv[15];
+	const char *argv[16];
 
 	argv[argc++] = "fetch-pack";
 	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
@@ -651,6 +687,8 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 	}
+	if (options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		argv[argc++] = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
 	if (!options.progress)
 		argv[argc++] = "--no-progress";
 	if (options.depth) {
@@ -678,7 +716,7 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
 	strbuf_release(&preamble);
 	free(depth_arg);
@@ -687,7 +725,7 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 
 static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", 0);
 	if (d->proto_git)
 		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 	else
@@ -771,42 +809,44 @@ static int push_dav(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 static int push_git(struct discovery *heads, int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
-	const char **argv;
-	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	int i, err;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
+
+	argv_array_init(&args);
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
+			 NULL);
 
-	argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
-	argv[argc++] = "send-pack";
-	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
-	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
 	if (options.verbosity == 0)
-		argv[argc++] = "--quiet";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
 	else if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--verbose");
+	argv_array_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		argv_array_push(&args, cas_option->string);
+	argv_array_push(&args, url);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&args, specs[i]);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
-	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.argv = args.argv;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", 1);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (heads->proto_git)
@@ -923,6 +963,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 			printf("fetch\n");
 			printf("option\n");
 			printf("push\n");
+			printf("check-connectivity\n");
 			printf("\n");
 			fflush(stdout);
 		} else {
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
index 5ddf11cc61..d7cd5d272f 100644
--- a/remote-testsvn.c
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ static int do_command(struct strbuf *line)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, url_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
 			private_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT, marksfilename_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 6aa49c03df..e9fedfa918 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ static struct refspec s_tag_refspec = {
 	0,
 	1,
 	0,
+	0,
 	"refs/tags/*",
 	"refs/tags/*"
 };
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ static int branches_nr;
 
 static struct branch *current_branch;
 static const char *default_remote_name;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
 static int explicit_default_remote_name;
 
 static struct rewrites rewrites;
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ static struct remote *make_remote(const char *name, int len)
 	}
 
 	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+	ret->prune = -1;  /* unspecified */
 	ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
 	remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
 	if (len)
@@ -274,10 +277,9 @@ static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
 
 static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-	const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
 	char *frag;
 	struct strbuf branch = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
+	int n = 1000;
 	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
 	char *s, *p;
 	int len;
@@ -297,21 +299,11 @@ static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 	while (isspace(p[-1]))
 		*--p = 0;
 	len = p - s;
-	if (slash)
-		len += strlen(slash);
 	p = xmalloc(len + 1);
 	strcpy(p, s);
-	if (slash)
-		strcat(p, slash);
 
 	/*
-	 * With "slash", e.g. "git fetch jgarzik/netdev-2.6" when
-	 * reading from $GIT_DIR/branches/jgarzik fetches "HEAD" from
-	 * the partial URL obtained from the branches file plus
-	 * "/netdev-2.6" and does not store it in any tracking ref.
-	 * #branch specifier in the file is ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Otherwise, the branches file would have URL and optionally
+	 * The branches file would have URL and optionally
 	 * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
 	 * fetched and stored in the local branch of the same name.
 	 */
@@ -321,12 +313,8 @@ static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 		strbuf_addf(&branch, "refs/heads/%s", frag);
 	} else
 		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "refs/heads/master");
-	if (!slash) {
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
-	} else {
-		strbuf_reset(&branch);
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD:");
-	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
 	add_url_alias(remote, p);
 	add_fetch_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
 	/*
@@ -356,13 +344,16 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			return 0;
 		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
 		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(key);
-			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+			if (git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value))
+				return -1;
 			if (branch == current_branch) {
 				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
 				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushremote")) {
+			if (branch == current_branch)
+				if (git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value))
+					return -1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
@@ -388,9 +379,16 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 	}
+
 	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
 		return 0;
 	name = key + 7;
+
+	/* Handle remote.* variables */
+	if (!strcmp(name, "pushdefault"))
+		return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+	/* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
 	if (*name == '/') {
 		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
 			name);
@@ -407,6 +405,8 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipfetchall"))
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".prune"))
+		remote->prune = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 
 		/*
 		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
-		 * for matching refs.
+		 * for pushing matching refs.
 		 */
 		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
 			rs[i].matching = 1;
@@ -565,26 +565,25 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 		flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
 
 		if (fetch) {
-			/*
-			 * LHS
-			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			unsigned char unused[40];
+
+			/* LHS */
 			if (!*rs[i].src)
-				; /* empty is ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+			else if (llen == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(rs[i].src, unused))
+				rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
-			/*
-			 * RHS
-			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
-			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			/* RHS */
 			if (!rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
+				; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
 			else if (!*rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -671,17 +670,21 @@ static int valid_remote_nick(const char *name)
 	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name, const char *pushremote_name)
 {
 	struct remote *ret;
 	int name_given = 0;
 
-	read_config();
 	if (name)
 		name_given = 1;
 	else {
-		name = default_remote_name;
-		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		if (pushremote_name) {
+			name = pushremote_name;
+			name_given = 1;
+		} else {
+			name = default_remote_name;
+			name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		}
 	}
 
 	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
@@ -700,6 +703,18 @@ struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_name);
+}
+
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1195,6 +1210,117 @@ static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
 	return tail;
 }
 
+struct tips {
+	struct commit **tip;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+	ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+	tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+	struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct tips sent_tips;
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+	 * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+	 */
+	memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+	for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1))
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		else
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+	sort_string_list(&dst_tag);
+
+	/* Collect tags they do not have. */
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue; /* not a tag */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+			continue; /* they already have it */
+		if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+			continue; /* be conservative */
+		item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+		item->util = ref;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+	 * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+	 * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+	 * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+	 * sent to the other side.
+	 */
+	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+			 * any of the commits we are sending?
+			 */
+			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add it in */
+			dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+			hashcpy(dst_ref->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+	free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+			return (struct ref *)list;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void prepare_ref_index(struct string_list *ref_index, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append_nodup(ref_index, ref->name)->util = ref;
+
+	sort_string_list(ref_index);
+}
+
 /*
  * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
  * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
@@ -1213,6 +1339,7 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 	int errs;
 	static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
 	struct ref *ref, **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+	struct string_list dst_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	if (!nr_refspec) {
 		nr_refspec = 1;
@@ -1223,18 +1350,20 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 
 	/* pick the remainder */
 	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *dst_item;
 		struct ref *dst_peer;
 		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
 		char *dst_name;
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			continue;
-
 		dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
 		if (!dst_name)
 			continue;
 
-		dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(*dst, dst_name);
+		if (!dst_ref_index.nr)
+			prepare_ref_index(&dst_ref_index, *dst);
+
+		dst_item = string_list_lookup(&dst_ref_index, dst_name);
+		dst_peer = dst_item ? dst_item->util : NULL;
 		if (dst_peer) {
 			if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
 				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
@@ -1251,13 +1380,22 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 			/* Create a new one and link it */
 			dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
 			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			string_list_insert(&dst_ref_index,
+				dst_peer->name)->util = dst_peer;
 		}
 		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
 		dst_peer->force = pat->force;
 	free_name:
 		free(dst_name);
 	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&dst_ref_index, 0);
+
+	if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+		add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
 	if (send_prune) {
+		struct string_list src_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 		/* check for missing refs on the remote */
 		for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 			char *src_name;
@@ -1268,11 +1406,15 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 
 			src_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_DST, NULL);
 			if (src_name) {
-				if (!find_ref_by_name(src, src_name))
+				if (!src_ref_index.nr)
+					prepare_ref_index(&src_ref_index, src);
+				if (!string_list_has_string(&src_ref_index,
+					    src_name))
 					ref->peer_ref = alloc_delete_ref();
 				free(src_name);
 			}
 		}
+		string_list_clear(&src_ref_index, 0);
 	}
 	if (errs)
 		return -1;
@@ -1280,11 +1422,14 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 }
 
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
-	int force_update)
+			     int force_update)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+		int reject_reason = 0;
+
 		if (ref->peer_ref)
 			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		else if (!send_mirror)
@@ -1297,35 +1442,64 @@ void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
-		 * The rules are:
+		/*
+		 * Bypass the usual "must fast-forward" check but
+		 * replace it with a weaker "the old value must be
+		 * this value we observed".  If the remote ref has
+		 * moved and is now different from what we expect,
+		 * reject any push.
+		 *
+		 * It also is an error if the user told us to check
+		 * with the remote-tracking branch to find the value
+		 * to expect, but we did not have such a tracking
+		 * branch.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			if (ref->expect_old_no_trackback ||
+			    hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The usual "must fast-forward" rules.
 		 *
-		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
-		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+		 * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+		 * following are true:
 		 *
-		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
 		 *
-		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
-		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
-		 *     otherwise.
+		 * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+		 *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
 		 *
-		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
-		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
+		 * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+		 *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+		 *     is a descendant of the old.
 		 *
-		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
-		 *     always allowed.
+		 * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+		 *     passing the --force argument
 		 */
 
-		ref->nonfastforward =
-			!ref->deletion &&
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
-
-		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
-			continue;
+		else if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * "--force" will defeat any rejection implemented
+		 * by the rules above.
+		 */
+		if (!force_ref_update)
+			ref->status = reject_reason;
+		else if (reject_reason)
+			ref->forced_update = 1;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1342,8 +1516,7 @@ struct branch *branch_get(const char *name)
 		ret->remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
 		if (ret->merge_nr) {
 			int i;
-			ret->merge = xcalloc(sizeof(*ret->merge),
-					     ret->merge_nr);
+			ret->merge = xcalloc(ret->merge_nr, sizeof(*ret->merge));
 			for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
 				ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
 				ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
@@ -1370,6 +1543,16 @@ int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *branch,
 	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
 }
 
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, 0, &flag))
+		return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+	return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 				    const struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -1383,7 +1566,8 @@ static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
 			continue; /* a dereference item */
 		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
-					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+		    !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
 			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
 
 			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
@@ -1446,7 +1630,12 @@ int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 	} else {
 		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
 
-		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+			ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+			get_sha1_hex(name, ref_map->old_sha1);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		}
 		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
 			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
 		if (ref_map) {
@@ -1507,7 +1696,8 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
 	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
@@ -1539,7 +1729,11 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 }
 
 /*
- * Return true if there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ * Compare a branch with its upstream, and save their differences (number
+ * of commits) in *num_ours and *num_theirs.
+ *
+ * Return 0 if branch has no upstream (no base), -1 if upstream is missing
+ * (with "gone" base), otherwise 1 (with base).
  */
 int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 {
@@ -1550,34 +1744,30 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 	const char *rev_argv[10], *base;
 	int rev_argc;
 
-	/*
-	 * Nothing to report unless we are marked to build on top of
-	 * somebody else.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat unless we are marked to build on top of somebody else. */
 	if (!branch ||
 	    !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] || !branch->merge[0]->dst)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If what we used to build on no longer exists, there is
-	 * nothing to report.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	if (read_ref(base, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!theirs)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	if (read_ref(branch->refname, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	ours = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!ours)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	/* are we the same? */
-	if (theirs == ours)
-		return 0;
+	if (theirs == ours) {
+		*num_theirs = *num_ours = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
 	rev_argc = 0;
@@ -1619,31 +1809,53 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
  */
 int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int ours, theirs;
 	const char *base;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs))
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return 0;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
+	}
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	if (!num_theirs) {
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+			base);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"),
+			base);
+	} else if (!theirs) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
 			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
-			   num_ours),
-			base, num_ours);
+			   ours),
+			base, ours);
 		if (advice_status_hints)
 			strbuf_addf(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
-	} else if (!num_ours) {
+	} else if (!ours) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
 			   "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_theirs);
+			   theirs),
+			base, theirs);
 		if (advice_status_hints)
 			strbuf_addf(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
@@ -1655,8 +1867,8 @@ int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 			   "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commits each, "
 			       "respectively.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+			   theirs),
+			base, ours, theirs);
 		if (advice_status_hints)
 			strbuf_addf(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
@@ -1780,3 +1992,121 @@ struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fet
 	string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
 	return stale_refs;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++)
+		free(cas->entry[i].refname);
+	free(cas->entry);
+	memset(cas, 0, sizeof(*cas));
+}
+
+static struct push_cas *add_cas_entry(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+				      const char *refname,
+				      size_t refnamelen)
+{
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+	ALLOC_GROW(cas->entry, cas->nr + 1, cas->alloc);
+	entry = &cas->entry[cas->nr++];
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	entry->refname = xmemdupz(refname, refnamelen);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char *colon;
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		/* "--no-<option>" */
+		clear_cas_option(cas);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!arg) {
+		/* just "--<option>" */
+		cas->use_tracking_for_rest = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* "--<option>=refname" or "--<option>=refname:value" */
+	colon = strchrnul(arg, ':');
+	entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
+	if (!*colon)
+		entry->use_tracking = 1;
+	else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
+		return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return parse_push_cas_option(opt->value, arg, unset);
+}
+
+int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	return !cas->use_tracking_for_rest && !cas->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at remote.fetch refspec and see if we have a remote
+ * tracking branch for the refname there.  Fill its current
+ * value in sha1[].
+ * If we cannot do so, return negative to signal an error.
+ */
+static int remote_tracking(struct remote *remote, const char *refname,
+			   unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	char *dst;
+
+	dst = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+	if (!dst)
+		return -1; /* no tracking ref for refname at remote */
+	if (read_ref(dst, sha1))
+		return -1; /* we know what the tracking ref is but we cannot read it */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void apply_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		      struct remote *remote,
+		      struct ref *ref)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Find an explicit --<option>=<name>[:<value>] entry */
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++) {
+		struct push_cas *entry = &cas->entry[i];
+		if (!refname_match(entry->refname, ref->name, ref_rev_parse_rules))
+			continue;
+		ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+		if (!entry->use_tracking)
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1_expect, cas->entry[i].expect);
+		else if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+			ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Are we using "--<option>" to cover all? */
+	if (!cas->use_tracking_for_rest)
+		return;
+
+	ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+	if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+		ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+}
+
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		    struct remote *remote,
+		    struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		apply_cas(cas, remote, ref);
+}
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index 251d8fd965..131130a611 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef REMOTE_H
 #define REMOTE_H
 
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
 enum {
 	REMOTE_CONFIG,
 	REMOTE_REMOTES,
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ struct remote {
 	int fetch_tags;
 	int skip_default_update;
 	int mirror;
+	int prune;
 
 	const char *receivepack;
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ struct remote {
 };
 
 struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name);
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
 
 typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@ struct refspec {
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
 	unsigned matching : 1;
+	unsigned exact_sha1 : 1;
 
 	char *src;
 	char *dst;
@@ -69,6 +74,56 @@ struct refspec {
 
 extern const struct refspec *tag_refspec;
 
+struct ref {
+	struct ref *next;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1_expect[20]; /* used by expect-old */
+	char *symref;
+	unsigned int
+		force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
+		expect_old_sha1:1,
+		expect_old_no_trackback:1,
+		deletion:1,
+		matched:1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Order is important here, as we write to FETCH_HEAD
+	 * in numeric order. And the default NOT_FOR_MERGE
+	 * should be 0, so that xcalloc'd structures get it
+	 * by default.
+	 */
+	enum {
+		FETCH_HEAD_MERGE = -1,
+		FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE = 0,
+		FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE = 1
+	} fetch_head_status;
+
+	enum {
+		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
+		REF_STATUS_OK,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE,
+		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
+		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
+	} status;
+	char *remote_status;
+	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
+#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
+#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
+
+extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
+
 struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name);
 struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref);
 struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref);
@@ -82,6 +137,14 @@ int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
  */
 void free_refs(struct ref *ref);
 
+struct extra_have_objects {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	unsigned char (*array)[20];
+};
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+				     struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+				     struct extra_have_objects *);
+
 int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list);
 int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
 
@@ -148,7 +211,8 @@ enum match_refs_flags {
 	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
 	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
 	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
-	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2)
+	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2),
+	MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS	= (1 << 3)
 };
 
 /* Reporting of tracking info */
@@ -169,4 +233,27 @@ struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
 /* Return refs which no longer exist on remote */
 struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fetch_map);
 
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+#define CAS_OPT_NAME "force-with-lease"
+
+struct push_cas_option {
+	unsigned use_tracking_for_rest:1;
+	struct push_cas {
+		unsigned char expect[20];
+		unsigned use_tracking:1;
+		char *refname;
+	} *entry;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+extern int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *);
+
+extern int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *);
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *, struct remote *, struct ref *);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index a6a5cd57be..1f2d21a72f 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 #define RESOLVED 0
 #define PUNTED 1
@@ -284,8 +285,10 @@ static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
 	strbuf_release(sb);
 	if (!io->input.len)
 		return -1;
-	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
-	if (*ep == '\n')
+	ep = memchr(io->input.buf, '\n', io->input.len);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = io->input.buf + io->input.len;
+	else if (*ep == '\n')
 		ep++;
 	len = ep - io->input.buf;
 	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
@@ -295,9 +298,9 @@ static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
 
 static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
 {
-	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3] = {{NULL}};
 	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
 	struct rerere_io_mem io;
 	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
@@ -314,17 +317,16 @@ static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *outpu
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
+		int j;
 
-		mmfile[i].size = 0;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
 		if (active_nr <= pos)
 			break;
 		ce = active_cache[pos++];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
-		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
-			break;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
-		mmfile[i].size = size;
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			continue;
+		j = ce_stage(ce) - 1;
+		mmfile[j].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+		mmfile[j].size = size;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *outpu
 
 static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+	const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 
 	if (!ce_stage(e)) {
 		*type = RESOLVED;
@@ -373,8 +375,8 @@ static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 
 	/* Only handle regular files with both stages #2 and #3 */
 	if (i + 1 < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
-		struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
+		const struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
 		if (ce_stage(e2) == 2 &&
 		    ce_stage(e3) == 3 &&
 		    ce_same_name(e, e3) &&
@@ -397,7 +399,7 @@ static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == THREE_STAGED)
 			string_list_insert(conflict, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@ int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == PUNTED)
 			string_list_insert(merge_rr, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@ static int rerere_forget_one_path(const char *path, struct string_list *rr)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
+int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int i, fd;
 	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -670,8 +672,8 @@ int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
 	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it = &conflict.items[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				    0, NULL))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
+					  0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		rerere_forget_one_path(it->string, &merge_rr);
 	}
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
index 156d2aad80..4aa06c9a51 100644
--- a/rerere.h
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 #define RERERE_AUTOUPDATE   01
 #define RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE 02
 
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ extern void *RERERE_RESOLVED;
 extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
 extern int rerere(int);
 extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
-extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
+extern int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *);
 extern int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_clear(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_gc(struct string_list *);
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 72b46125b7..c09b00664e 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *istate)
 
 int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
-	int i, err = 0;
+	int i, err = 0, matched;
 
 	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
 		return pos;
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	ru = item->util;
 	if (!ru)
 		return pos;
+	matched = ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED;
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *nce;
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 			continue;
 		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
 				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (matched)
+			nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 			err = 1;
 			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 }
 
-void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
+void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -164,8 +167,22 @@ void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED)
+			i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
+
+void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
 	}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
index 845876911d..46306455ed 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.h
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extern void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *, struct string_list *);
 extern struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
-extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *);
+extern void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 95d21e6472..0173e0148b 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include "decorate.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
@@ -69,7 +72,8 @@ static int show_path_truncated(FILE *out, const struct name_path *path)
 	return ours || emitted;
 }
 
-void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
+void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj,
+			   const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
 {
 	struct name_path leaf;
 	leaf.up = (struct name_path *)path;
@@ -86,7 +90,9 @@ void add_object(struct object *obj,
 		struct name_path *path,
 		const char *name)
 {
-	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
+	char *pn = path_name(path, name);
+	add_object_array(obj, pn, p);
+	free(pn);
 }
 
 static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
@@ -133,8 +139,7 @@ void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
 	 * We don't care about the tree any more
 	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
 	 */
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
@@ -185,7 +190,9 @@ void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
+static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return;
@@ -193,7 +200,7 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
+		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, 0, &buf);
 		int st;
 
 		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
@@ -208,7 +215,8 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
 }
 
-void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
+void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
 	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
 }
@@ -225,7 +233,9 @@ void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs)
 	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
 }
 
-static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct object *object;
 
@@ -246,7 +256,8 @@ void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, name);
 }
 
-static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
+static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+				    struct object *object, const char *name)
 {
 	unsigned long flags = object->flags;
 
@@ -332,6 +343,80 @@ static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig)
 }
 
 /*
+ * A definition of "relevant" commit that we can use to simplify limited graphs
+ * by eliminating side branches.
+ *
+ * A "relevant" commit is one that is !UNINTERESTING (ie we are including it
+ * in our list), or that is a specified BOTTOM commit. Then after computing
+ * a limited list, during processing we can generally ignore boundary merges
+ * coming from outside the graph, (ie from irrelevant parents), and treat
+ * those merges as if they were single-parent. TREESAME is defined to consider
+ * only relevant parents, if any. If we are TREESAME to our on-graph parents,
+ * we don't care if we were !TREESAME to non-graph parents.
+ *
+ * Treating bottom commits as relevant ensures that a limited graph's
+ * connection to the actual bottom commit is not viewed as a side branch, but
+ * treated as part of the graph. For example:
+ *
+ *   ....Z...A---X---o---o---B
+ *        .     /
+ *         W---Y
+ *
+ * When computing "A..B", the A-X connection is at least as important as
+ * Y-X, despite A being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ *
+ * And when computing --ancestry-path "A..B", the A-X connection is more
+ * important than Y-X, despite both A and Y being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ */
+static inline int relevant_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)) != UNINTERESTING;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a single relevant commit from a parent list. If we are a TREESAME
+ * commit, and this selects one of our parents, then we can safely simplify to
+ * that parent.
+ */
+static struct commit *one_relevant_parent(const struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+	struct commit *relevant = NULL;
+
+	if (!orig)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For 1-parent commits, or if first-parent-only, then return that
+	 * first parent (even if not "relevant" by the above definition).
+	 * TREESAME will have been set purely on that parent.
+	 */
+	if (revs->first_parent_only || !orig->next)
+		return orig->item;
+
+	/*
+	 * For multi-parent commits, identify a sole relevant parent, if any.
+	 * If we have only one relevant parent, then TREESAME will be set purely
+	 * with regard to that parent, and we can simplify accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * If we have more than one relevant parent, or no relevant parents
+	 * (and multiple irrelevant ones), then we can't select a parent here
+	 * and return NULL.
+	 */
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (relevant_commit(commit)) {
+			if (relevant)
+				return NULL;
+			relevant = commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return relevant;
+}
+
+/*
  * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
  * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
  * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
@@ -367,7 +452,8 @@ static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
-static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
+static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
 	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;
@@ -428,10 +514,125 @@ static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
 }
 
+struct treesame_state {
+	unsigned int nparents;
+	unsigned char treesame[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static struct treesame_state *initialise_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	unsigned n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	struct treesame_state *st = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*st) + n);
+	st->nparents = n;
+	add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, st);
+	return st;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Must be called immediately after removing the nth_parent from a commit's
+ * parent list, if we are maintaining the per-parent treesame[] decoration.
+ * This does not recalculate the master TREESAME flag - update_treesame()
+ * should be called to update it after a sequence of treesame[] modifications
+ * that may have affected it.
+ */
+static int compact_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, unsigned nth_parent)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *st;
+	int old_same;
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		/*
+		 * Have just removed the only parent from a non-merge.
+		 * Different handling, as we lack decoration.
+		 */
+		if (nth_parent != 0)
+			die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+		old_same = !!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME);
+		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		return old_same;
+	}
+
+	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	if (!st || nth_parent >= st->nparents)
+		die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+
+	old_same = st->treesame[nth_parent];
+	memmove(st->treesame + nth_parent,
+		st->treesame + nth_parent + 1,
+		st->nparents - nth_parent - 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've just become a non-merge commit, update TREESAME
+	 * immediately, and remove the no-longer-needed decoration.
+	 * If still a merge, defer update until update_treesame().
+	 */
+	if (--st->nparents == 1) {
+		if (commit->parents->next)
+			die("compact_treesame parents mismatch");
+		if (st->treesame[0] && revs->dense)
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		free(add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return old_same;
+}
+
+static unsigned update_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+		unsigned n;
+		struct treesame_state *st;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		unsigned relevant_parents;
+		unsigned relevant_change, irrelevant_change;
+
+		st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+		if (!st)
+			die("update_treesame %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		relevant_parents = 0;
+		relevant_change = irrelevant_change = 0;
+		for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; n++, p = p->next) {
+			if (relevant_commit(p->item)) {
+				relevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+				relevant_parents++;
+			} else
+				irrelevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+		}
+		if (relevant_parents ? relevant_change : irrelevant_change)
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.flags & TREESAME;
+}
+
+static inline int limiting_can_increase_treesame(const struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is irrelevant unless prune && dense;
+	 * if simplify_history is set, we can't have a mixture of TREESAME and
+	 *    !TREESAME INTERESTING parents (and we don't have treesame[]
+	 *    decoration anyway);
+	 * if first_parent_only is set, then the TREESAME flag is locked
+	 *    against the first parent (and again we lack treesame[] decoration).
+	 */
+	return revs->prune && revs->dense &&
+	       !revs->simplify_history &&
+	       !revs->first_parent_only;
+}
+
 static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
-	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0, nth_parent = 0;
+	struct treesame_state *ts = NULL;
+	int relevant_change = 0, irrelevant_change = 0;
+	int relevant_parents, nth_parent;
 
 	/*
 	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
@@ -455,33 +656,54 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
 		return;
 
-	pp = &commit->parents;
-	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
+	for (pp = &commit->parents, nth_parent = 0, relevant_parents = 0;
+	     (parent = *pp) != NULL;
+	     pp = &parent->next, nth_parent++) {
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+		if (relevant_commit(p))
+			relevant_parents++;
 
-		/*
-		 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
-		 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
-		 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
-		 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
-		 */
-		if (revs->first_parent_only && nth_parent++)
-			break;
+		if (nth_parent == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * This our second loop iteration - so we now know
+			 * we're dealing with a merge.
+			 *
+			 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
+			 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
+			 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
+			 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
+			 */
+			if (revs->first_parent_only)
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * If this will remain a potentially-simplifiable
+			 * merge, remember per-parent treesame if needed.
+			 * Initialise the array with the comparison from our
+			 * first iteration.
+			 */
+			if (revs->treesame.name &&
+			    !revs->simplify_history &&
+			    !(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+				ts = initialise_treesame(revs, commit);
+				if (!(irrelevant_change || relevant_change))
+					ts->treesame[0] = 1;
+			}
+		}
 		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
 			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
 			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
 		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
 		case REV_TREE_SAME:
-			tree_same = 1;
-			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+			if (!revs->simplify_history || !relevant_commit(p)) {
 				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
 				 * side branch brought the entire change
 				 * we are interested in, we do not want
 				 * to lose the other branches of this
 				 * merge, so we just keep going.
 				 */
-				pp = &parent->next;
+				if (ts)
+					ts->treesame[nth_parent] = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			parent->next = NULL;
@@ -509,15 +731,27 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 		/* fallthrough */
 		case REV_TREE_OLD:
 		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
-			tree_changed = 1;
-			pp = &parent->next;
+			if (relevant_commit(p))
+				relevant_change = 1;
+			else
+				irrelevant_change = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 	}
-	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
-		return;
-	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is straightforward for single-parent commits. For merge
+	 * commits, it is most useful to define it so that "irrelevant"
+	 * parents cannot make us !TREESAME - if we have any relevant
+	 * parents, then we only consider TREESAMEness with respect to them,
+	 * allowing irrelevant merges from uninteresting branches to be
+	 * simplified away. Only if we have only irrelevant parents do we
+	 * base TREESAME on them. Note that this logic is replicated in
+	 * update_treesame, which should be kept in sync.
+	 */
+	if (relevant_parents ? !relevant_change : !irrelevant_change)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
 }
 
 static void commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
@@ -708,7 +942,7 @@ static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int sl
 	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
 	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
 	 */
-	if (date < src->item->date)
+	if (date <= src->item->date)
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/*
@@ -800,16 +1034,12 @@ static void limit_to_ancestry(struct commit_list *bottom, struct commit_list *li
  * to filter the result of "A..B" further to the ones that can actually
  * reach A.
  */
-static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct rev_info *revs)
+static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct commit_list *list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		struct rev_cmdline_entry *elem = &revs->cmdline.rev[i];
-		if ((elem->flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
-		    elem->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-			commit_list_insert((struct commit *)elem->item, &bottom);
-	}
+	struct commit_list *elem, *bottom = NULL;
+	for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next)
+		if (elem->item->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			commit_list_insert(elem->item, &bottom);
 	return bottom;
 }
 
@@ -840,7 +1070,7 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
 
 	if (revs->ancestry_path) {
-		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(revs);
+		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(list);
 		if (!bottom)
 			die("--ancestry-path given but there are no bottom commits");
 	}
@@ -893,10 +1123,26 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 		free_commit_list(bottom);
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Check if any commits have become TREESAME by some of their parents
+	 * becoming UNINTERESTING.
+	 */
+	if (limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs))
+		for (list = newlist; list; list = list->next) {
+			struct commit *c = list->item;
+			if (c->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | TREESAME))
+				continue;
+			update_treesame(revs, c);
+		}
+
 	revs->commits = newlist;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Add an entry to refs->cmdline with the specified information.
+ * *name is copied.
+ */
 static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    struct object *item,
 			    const char *name,
@@ -908,12 +1154,25 @@ static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(info->rev, nr + 1, info->alloc);
 	info->rev[nr].item = item;
-	info->rev[nr].name = name;
+	info->rev[nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	info->rev[nr].whence = whence;
 	info->rev[nr].flags = flags;
 	info->nr++;
 }
 
+static void add_rev_cmdline_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 struct commit_list *commit_list,
+				 int whence,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1),
+				whence, flags);
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
 struct all_refs_cb {
 	int all_flags;
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
@@ -999,7 +1258,7 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 	const char *arg = arg_;
 
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
 	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
@@ -1037,7 +1296,7 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
 	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
 	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
-	revs->lifo = 1;
+	revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	revs->dense = 1;
 	revs->prefix = prefix;
 	revs->max_age = -1;
@@ -1091,14 +1350,15 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
 	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
-	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
+	add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, bases, REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 
 	if (!active_nr)
 		read_cache();
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data)) {
@@ -1112,7 +1372,7 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 			i++;
 	}
 	free_pathspec(&revs->prune_data);
-	init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, prune);
+	parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC, 0, "", prune);
 	revs->limited = 1;
 }
 
@@ -1127,13 +1387,15 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsi
 	int cant_be_filename = revarg_opt & REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	unsigned get_sha1_flags = 0;
 
+	flags = flags & UNINTERESTING ? flags | BOTTOM : flags & ~BOTTOM;
+
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
 	if (dotdot) {
 		unsigned char from_sha1[20];
 		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
 		const char *this = arg;
 		int symmetric = *next == '.';
-		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 		static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 		unsigned int a_flags;
 
@@ -1178,6 +1440,9 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsi
 
 			if (symmetric) {
 				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+				add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, exclude,
+						     REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
+						     flags_exclude);
 				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
 							flags_exclude);
 				free_commit_list(exclude);
@@ -1206,13 +1471,13 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsi
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
 	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
 		*dotdot = 0;
-		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
+		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)))
 			*dotdot = '^';
 	}
 
 	local_flags = 0;
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
+		local_flags = UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
 
@@ -1275,7 +1540,8 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 			}
 			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0,
+					REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
@@ -1372,7 +1638,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
 		revs->show_merge = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 1;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
@@ -1390,7 +1656,10 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->prune = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 0;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--author-date-order")) {
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
 		int count = 100;
@@ -1688,7 +1957,7 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_branch_ref_submodule);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
-		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM), for_each_good_bisect_ref);
 		revs->bisect = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_tag_ref_submodule);
@@ -1714,7 +1983,7 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
 		handle_reflog(revs, *flags);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
-		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
 		revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-walk=")) {
@@ -1851,8 +2120,8 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		 */
 		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr+1, prune_data.alloc);
 		prune_data.path[prune_data.nr++] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data,
-			      get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data.path));
+		parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, 0, 0,
+			       revs->prefix, prune_data.path);
 	}
 
 	if (revs->def == NULL)
@@ -1885,16 +2154,23 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		revs->limited = 1;
 
 	if (revs->prune_data.nr) {
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->pruning);
+		copy_pathspec(&revs->pruning.pathspec, &revs->prune_data);
 		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
 		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 			revs->prune = 1;
 		if (!revs->full_diff)
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->diffopt);
+			copy_pathspec(&revs->diffopt.pathspec,
+				      &revs->prune_data);
 	}
 	if (revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
 	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
+
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse) {
+		revs->limited = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	}
+
 	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
 	grep_commit_pattern_type(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
@@ -1928,28 +2204,32 @@ static void add_child(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commi
 	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
 }
 
-static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
+static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
 	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
 	int surviving_parents;
 
 	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
 	pp = &commit->parents;
+	surviving_parents = 0;
 	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
 		struct commit *parent = p->item;
 		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
 			*pp = p->next;
+			if (ts)
+				compact_treesame(revs, commit, surviving_parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		surviving_parents++;
 		pp = &p->next;
 	}
-	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
-	surviving_parents = 0;
+	/* clear the temporary mark */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
-		surviving_parents++;
 	}
+	/* no update_treesame() - removing duplicates can't affect TREESAME */
 	return surviving_parents;
 }
 
@@ -1969,9 +2249,157 @@ static struct merge_simplify_state *locate_simplify_state(struct rev_info *revs,
 	return st;
 }
 
+static int mark_redundant_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
+	int i = 0, marked = 0;
+	struct commit_list *po, *pn;
+
+	/* Want these for sanity-checking only */
+	int orig_cnt = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	int cnt = commit_list_count(h);
+
+	/*
+	 * Not ready to remove items yet, just mark them for now, based
+	 * on the output of reduce_heads(). reduce_heads outputs the reduced
+	 * set in its original order, so this isn't too hard.
+	 */
+	po = commit->parents;
+	pn = h;
+	while (po) {
+		if (pn && po->item == pn->item) {
+			pn = pn->next;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			po->item->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+		po=po->next;
+	}
+
+	if (i != cnt || cnt+marked != orig_cnt)
+		die("mark_redundant_parents %d %d %d %d", orig_cnt, cnt, i, marked);
+
+	free_commit_list(h);
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+static int mark_treesame_root_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int marked = 0;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (!parent->parents && (parent->object.flags & TREESAME)) {
+			parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Awkward naming - this means one parent we are TREESAME to.
+ * cf mark_treesame_root_parents: root parents that are TREESAME (to an
+ * empty tree). Better name suggestions?
+ */
+static int leave_one_treesame_to_parent(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	struct commit *unmarked = NULL, *marked = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; p = p->next, n++) {
+		if (ts->treesame[n]) {
+			if (p->item->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+				if (!marked)
+					marked = p->item;
+			} else {
+				if (!unmarked) {
+					unmarked = p->item;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are TREESAME to a marked-for-deletion parent, but not to any
+	 * unmarked parents, unmark the first TREESAME parent. This is the
+	 * parent that the default simplify_history==1 scan would have followed,
+	 * and it doesn't make sense to omit that path when asking for a
+	 * simplified full history. Retaining it improves the chances of
+	 * understanding odd missed merges that took an old version of a file.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I--------*X       A modified the file, but mainline merge X used
+	 *    \       /        "-s ours", so took the version from I. X is
+	 *     `-*A--'         TREESAME to I and !TREESAME to A.
+	 *
+	 * Default log from X would produce "I". Without this check,
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges would produce "I-A-X", showing
+	 * the merge commit X and that it changed A, but not making clear that
+	 * it had just taken the I version. With this check, the topology above
+	 * is retained.
+	 *
+	 * Note that it is possible that the simplification chooses a different
+	 * TREESAME parent from the default, in which case this test doesn't
+	 * activate, and we _do_ drop the default parent. Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I------X         A modified the file, but it was reverted in B,
+	 *    \    /          meaning mainline merge X is TREESAME to both
+	 *    *A-*B           parents.
+	 *
+	 * Default log would produce "I" by following the first parent;
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges will produce "I-A-B". But this is a
+	 * reasonable result - it presents a logical full history leading from
+	 * I to X, and X is not an important merge.
+	 */
+	if (!unmarked && marked) {
+		marked->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
+	int nth_parent, removed = 0;
+
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	nth_parent = 0;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+			parent->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+			*pp = p->next;
+			free(p);
+			removed++;
+			compact_treesame(revs, commit, nth_parent);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+		nth_parent++;
+	}
+
+	/* Removing parents can only increase TREESAMEness */
+	if (removed && !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
+		update_treesame(revs, commit);
+
+	return nth_parent;
+}
+
 static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit *parent;
 	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
 	int cnt;
 
@@ -2013,7 +2441,9 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
+	 * Rewrite our list of parents. Note that this cannot
+	 * affect our TREESAME flags in any way - a commit is
+	 * always TREESAME to its simplification.
 	 */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
@@ -2021,46 +2451,57 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 		if (revs->first_parent_only)
 			break;
 	}
-	if (!revs->first_parent_only)
-		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
-	else
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only)
 		cnt = 1;
+	else
+		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
 
 	/*
 	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
 	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
-	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
-	 * to different commits.
+	 * in such a case, the immediate parent from that branch
+	 * will be rewritten to be the merge base.
 	 *
 	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
 	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
 	 * ---o----'
 	 *
-	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
+	 * Further, a merge of an independent branch that doesn't
+	 * touch the path will reduce to a treesame root parent:
+	 *
+	 *  ----o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
+	 *          /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
+	 *         r		r: a root commit not touching the paths
+	 *
+	 * Detect and simplify both cases.
 	 */
 	if (1 < cnt) {
-		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
-		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
-		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
-		commit->parents = h;
+		int marked = mark_redundant_parents(revs, commit);
+		marked += mark_treesame_root_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			marked -= leave_one_treesame_to_parent(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			cnt = remove_marked_parents(revs, commit);
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
 	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
-	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
+	 * merge and its parents don't simplify to one relevant commit
 	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
 	 * this function).
 	 *
-	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
+	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole relevant parent
+	 * simplifies to.
 	 */
 	if (!cnt ||
 	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
 	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
-	    (1 < cnt))
+	    (parent = one_relevant_parent(revs, commit->parents)) == NULL)
 		st->simplified = commit;
 	else {
-		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, parent);
 		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
 	}
 	return tail;
@@ -2156,6 +2597,11 @@ int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 	if (!revs->leak_pending)
 		free(list);
 
+	/* Signal whether we need per-parent treesame decoration */
+	if (revs->simplify_merges ||
+	    (revs->limited && limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs)))
+		revs->treesame.name = "treesame";
+
 	if (revs->no_walk != REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED)
 		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
@@ -2164,7 +2610,9 @@ int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	if (revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_filter(revs);
 	if (revs->simplify_merges)
 		simplify_merges(revs);
 	if (revs->children.name)
@@ -2172,12 +2620,6 @@ int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-enum rewrite_result {
-	rewrite_one_ok,
-	rewrite_one_noparents,
-	rewrite_one_error
-};
-
 static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
 {
 	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;
@@ -2187,24 +2629,25 @@ static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp
 		if (!revs->limited)
 			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
 				return rewrite_one_error;
-		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
-			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!p->parents)
 			return rewrite_one_noparents;
-		*pp = p->parents->item;
+		if ((p = one_relevant_parent(revs, p->parents)) == NULL)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		*pp = p;
 	}
 }
 
-static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
 	while (*pp) {
 		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
-		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
+		switch (rewrite_parent(revs, &parent->item)) {
 		case rewrite_one_ok:
 			break;
 		case rewrite_one_noparents:
@@ -2215,14 +2658,62 @@ static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 		}
 		pp = &parent->next;
 	}
-	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+	remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_rewrite_person(struct strbuf *buf, const char *what, struct string_list *mailmap)
+{
+	char *person, *endp;
+	size_t len, namelen, maillen;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *mail;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	person = strstr(buf->buf, what);
+	if (!person)
+		return 0;
+
+	person += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(person, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = endp - person;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, person, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen)) {
+		struct strbuf namemail = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&namemail, "%.*s <%.*s>",
+			    (int)namelen, name, (int)maillen, mail);
+
+		strbuf_splice(buf, ident.name_begin - buf->buf,
+			      ident.mail_end - ident.name_begin + 1,
+			      namemail.buf, namemail.len);
+
+		strbuf_release(&namemail);
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 {
 	int retval;
+	const char *encoding;
+	char *message;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
 		return 1;
 
@@ -2233,29 +2724,47 @@ static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * We grep in the user's output encoding, under the assumption that it
+	 * is the encoding they are most likely to write their grep pattern
+	 * for. In addition, it means we will match the "notes" encoding below,
+	 * so we will not end up with a buffer that has two different encodings
+	 * in it.
+	 */
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
+
 	/* Copy the commit to temporary if we are using "fake" headers */
 	if (buf.len)
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, commit->buffer);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+	if (opt->grep_filter.header_list && opt->mailmap) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\nauthor ", opt->mailmap);
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\ncommitter ", opt->mailmap);
+	}
 
 	/* Append "fake" message parts as needed */
 	if (opt->show_notes) {
 		if (!buf.len)
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, commit->buffer);
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf,
-				     get_log_output_encoding(), 1);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf, encoding, 1);
 	}
 
-	/* Find either in the commit object, or in the temporary */
+	/* Find either in the original commit message, or in the temporary */
 	if (buf.len)
 		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	else
 		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
-				     commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+				     message, strlen(message));
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
+static inline int want_ancestry(const struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
 }
@@ -2273,10 +2782,7 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
 		return commit_ignore;
 	if (revs->min_parents || (revs->max_parents >= 0)) {
-		int n = 0;
-		struct commit_list *p;
-		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
-			n++;
+		int n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 		if ((n < revs->min_parents) ||
 		    ((revs->max_parents >= 0) && (n > revs->max_parents)))
 			return commit_ignore;
@@ -2286,12 +2792,23 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
 		/* Commit without changes? */
 		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
+			int n;
+			struct commit_list *p;
 			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
 			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
 				return commit_ignore;
-			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
-			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
-				return commit_ignore;
+			/*
+			 * If we want ancestry, then need to keep any merges
+			 * between relevant commits to tie together topology.
+			 * For consistency with TREESAME and simplification
+			 * use "relevant" here rather than just INTERESTING,
+			 * to treat bottom commit(s) as part of the topology.
+			 */
+			for (n = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
+				if (relevant_commit(p->item))
+					if (++n >= 2)
+						return commit_show;
+			return commit_ignore;
 		}
 	}
 	return commit_show;
@@ -2304,7 +2821,15 @@ enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (action == commit_show &&
 	    !revs->show_all &&
 	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
-		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * --full-diff on simplified parents is no good: it
+		 * will show spurious changes from the commits that
+		 * were elided.  So we save the parents on the side
+		 * when --full-diff is in effect.
+		 */
+		if (revs->full_diff)
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit, rewrite_one) < 0)
 			return commit_error;
 	}
 	return action;
@@ -2323,6 +2848,7 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 		free(entry);
 
 		if (revs->reflog_info) {
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
 			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);
 			commit->object.flags &= ~(ADDED | SEEN | SHOWN);
 		}
@@ -2354,25 +2880,23 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+/*
+ * Return true for entries that have not yet been shown.  (This is an
+ * object_array_each_func_t.)
+ */
+static int entry_unshown(struct object_array_entry *entry, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	unsigned nr = array->nr;
-	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
-	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	return !(entry->item->flags & SHOWN);
+}
 
-	if (alloc <= nr) {
-		unsigned i, j;
-		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
-				continue;
-			if (i != j)
-				objects[j] = objects[i];
-			j++;
-		}
-		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
-			objects[i].item = NULL;
-		array->nr = j;
-	}
+/*
+ * If array is on the verge of a realloc, garbage-collect any entries
+ * that have already been shown to try to free up some space.
+ */
+static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	if (array->nr == array->alloc)
+		object_array_filter(array, entry_unshown, NULL);
 }
 
 static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2413,7 +2937,7 @@ static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
 	 * in topological order
 	 */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
 }
 
 static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2524,6 +3048,8 @@ struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
 	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
 	if (c && revs->graph)
 		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
+	if (!c)
+		free_saved_parents(revs);
 	return c;
 }
 
@@ -2555,3 +3081,54 @@ void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit)
 	fputs(mark, stdout);
 	putchar(' ');
 }
+
+define_commit_slab(saved_parents, struct commit_list *);
+
+#define EMPTY_PARENT_LIST ((struct commit_list *)-1)
+
+void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab) {
+		revs->saved_parents_slab = xmalloc(sizeof(struct saved_parents));
+		init_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+	}
+
+	pp = saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * When walking with reflogs, we may visit the same commit
+	 * several times: once for each appearance in the reflog.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, save_parents() will be called multiple times.
+	 * We want to keep only the first set of parents.  We need to
+	 * store a sentinel value for an empty (i.e., NULL) parent
+	 * list to distinguish it from a not-yet-saved list, however.
+	 */
+	if (*pp)
+		return;
+	if (commit->parents)
+		*pp = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+	else
+		*pp = EMPTY_PARENT_LIST;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		return commit->parents;
+
+	parents = *saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+	if (parents == EMPTY_PARENT_LIST)
+		return NULL;
+	return parents;
+}
+
+void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		clear_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+}
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 059bfff812..e7f1d211bf 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define UNINTERESTING   (1u<<1)
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@
 #define ADDED		(1u<<7)	/* Parents already parsed and added? */
 #define SYMMETRIC_LEFT	(1u<<8)
 #define PATCHSAME	(1u<<9)
-#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<10)-1)
+#define BOTTOM		(1u<<10)
+#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<11)-1)
 
 #define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
 #define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@
 struct rev_info;
 struct log_info;
 struct string_list;
+struct saved_parents;
 
 struct rev_cmdline_info {
 	unsigned int nr;
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ struct rev_cmdline_info {
 			REV_CMD_PARENTS_ONLY,
 			REV_CMD_LEFT,
 			REV_CMD_RIGHT,
+			REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
 			REV_CMD_REV
 		} whence;
 		unsigned flags;
@@ -60,6 +64,10 @@ struct rev_info {
 	const char *prefix;
 	const char *def;
 	struct pathspec prune_data;
+
+	/* topo-sort */
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order;
+
 	unsigned int	early_output:1,
 			ignore_missing:1;
 
@@ -70,7 +78,6 @@ struct rev_info {
 			show_all:1,
 			remove_empty_trees:1,
 			simplify_history:1,
-			lifo:1,
 			topo_order:1,
 			simplify_merges:1,
 			simplify_by_decoration:1,
@@ -96,7 +103,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 			cherry_mark:1,
 			bisect:1,
 			ancestry_path:1,
-			first_parent_only:1;
+			first_parent_only:1,
+			line_level_traverse:1;
 
 	/* Diff flags */
 	unsigned int	diff:1,
@@ -135,14 +143,17 @@ struct rev_info {
 	const char	*mime_boundary;
 	const char	*patch_suffix;
 	int		numbered_files;
+	int		reroll_count;
 	char		*message_id;
+	struct ident_split from_ident;
 	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
-	const char	*add_signoff;
+	int		add_signoff;
 	const char	*extra_headers;
 	const char	*log_reencode;
 	const char	*subject_prefix;
 	int		no_inline;
 	int		show_log_size;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
 
 	/* Filter by commit log message */
 	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
@@ -165,6 +176,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	struct decoration children;
 	struct decoration merge_simplification;
+	struct decoration treesame;
 
 	/* notes-specific options: which refs to show */
 	struct display_notes_opt notes_opt;
@@ -173,6 +185,12 @@ struct rev_info {
 	int count_left;
 	int count_right;
 	int count_same;
+
+	/* line level range that we are chasing */
+	struct decoration line_log_data;
+
+	/* copies of the parent lists, for --full-diff display */
+	struct saved_parents *saved_parents_slab;
 };
 
 #define REV_TREE_SAME		0
@@ -193,19 +211,23 @@ struct setup_revision_opt {
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
-extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *);
+extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct setup_revision_opt *);
 extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				 const struct option *options,
-				 const char * const usagestr[]);
+			       const struct option *options,
+			       const char * const usagestr[]);
 #define REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME 01
 #define REVARG_COMMITTISH 02
-extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
+			       int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
 
 extern void reset_revision_walk(void);
 extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
 extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
-extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
-extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			       const struct commit *commit);
+extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			      const struct commit *commit);
 
 extern void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit);
 extern void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree);
@@ -218,15 +240,19 @@ struct name_path {
 
 char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name);
 
-extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *);
+extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *,
+				  const struct name_path *, const char *);
 
 extern void add_object(struct object *obj,
 		       struct object_array *p,
 		       struct name_path *path,
 		       const char *name);
 
-extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name);
-extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			       struct object *obj, const char *name);
+extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     unsigned int flags);
 
 extern void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *);
 
@@ -236,7 +262,35 @@ enum commit_action {
 	commit_error
 };
 
-extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
-extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs,
+					    struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit *commit);
+
+enum rewrite_result {
+	rewrite_one_ok,
+	rewrite_one_noparents,
+	rewrite_one_error
+};
+
+typedef enum rewrite_result (*rewrite_parent_fn_t)(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp);
+
+extern int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent);
+
+/*
+ * Save a copy of the parent list, and return the saved copy.  This is
+ * used by the log machinery to retrieve the original parents when
+ * commit->parents has been modified by history simpification.
+ *
+ * You may only call save_parents() once per commit (this is checked
+ * for non-root commits).
+ *
+ * get_saved_parents() will transparently return commit->parents if
+ * history simplification is off.
+ */
+extern void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 3b982e4d55..1b7f88eeb1 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -72,11 +72,14 @@ static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
 	close(fd[1]);
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static inline void dup_devnull(int to)
 {
 	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	dup2(fd, to);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("open /dev/null failed"));
+	if (dup2(fd, to) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("dup2(%d,%d) failed"), fd, to);
 	close(fd);
 }
 #endif
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
 
 	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		nargv[nargc++] = SHELL_PATH;
 #else
 		nargv[nargc++] = "sh";
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 	return nargv;
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
 	const char **nargv = prepare_shell_cmd(argv);
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int child_err = 2;
 static int child_notifier = -1;
 
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@ static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
 		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 }
 
-static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0)
 {
 	int status, code = -1;
 	pid_t waiting;
@@ -242,13 +245,14 @@ static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 		code = WTERMSIG(status);
-		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT)
+			error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 		/*
 		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 		 * a program that died from this signal.
 		 */
-		code -= 128;
+		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 		/*
@@ -272,7 +276,8 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
 	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
-	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+	int failed_errno;
+	char *str;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -285,6 +290,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 			failed_errno = errno;
 			if (cmd->out > 0)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard input";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->in = fdin[1];
@@ -300,6 +306,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (cmd->in)
 				close(cmd->in);
+			str = "standard output";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->out = fdout[0];
@@ -317,9 +324,10 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdout);
 			else if (cmd->out)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard error";
 fail_pipe:
-			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
-				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
+				str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
 			errno = failed_errno;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -329,13 +337,14 @@ fail_pipe:
 	trace_argv_printf(cmd->argv, "trace: run_command:");
 	fflush(NULL);
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 {
 	int notify_pipe[2];
 	if (pipe(notify_pipe))
 		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 
 	cmd->pid = fork();
+	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (!cmd->pid) {
 		/*
 		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
@@ -415,7 +424,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 	}
 	if (cmd->pid < 0)
 		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
-			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+			strerror(errno));
 	else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
@@ -432,8 +441,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
 		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 		 */
-		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
-			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 		failed_errno = errno;
 		cmd->pid = -1;
 	}
@@ -538,7 +546,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 
 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 }
 
 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
@@ -583,6 +591,7 @@ int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const
 static pthread_t main_thread;
 static int main_thread_set;
 static pthread_key_t async_key;
+static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
 
 static void *run_thread(void *data)
 {
@@ -609,6 +618,14 @@ static NORETURN void die_async(const char *err, va_list params)
 
 	exit(128);
 }
+
+static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
+{
+	void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
+	pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
+	return ret != NULL;
+}
+
 #endif
 
 int start_async(struct async *async)
@@ -690,7 +707,9 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 		main_thread_set = 1;
 		main_thread = pthread_self();
 		pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
+		pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
 		set_die_routine(die_async);
+		set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
 	}
 
 	if (proc_in >= 0)
@@ -725,7 +744,7 @@ error:
 int finish_async(struct async *async)
 {
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
+	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process");
 #else
 	void *ret = (void *)(intptr_t)(-1);
 
@@ -735,6 +754,15 @@ int finish_async(struct async *async)
 #endif
 }
 
+char *find_hook(const char *name)
+{
+	char *path = git_path("hooks/%s", name);
+	if (access(path, X_OK) < 0)
+		path = NULL;
+
+	return path;
+}
+
 int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
 {
 	struct child_process hook;
@@ -744,11 +772,13 @@ int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
 	va_list args;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+	p = find_hook(name);
+	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
+	argv_array_push(&argv, p);
+
 	va_start(args, name);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, git_path("hooks/%s", name));
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
 		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
 	va_end(args);
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 850c638f19..6b985afd07 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *);
 int finish_command(struct child_process *);
 int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
+extern char *find_hook(const char *name);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
index f50dfd9f48..b228d65613 100644
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -106,15 +107,11 @@ static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *ext
 static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
 {
 	struct ref *hint;
-	char line[1000];
 	int ret = 0;
-	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
+	char *line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+	if (prefixcmp(line, "unpack "))
 		return error("did not receive remote status");
-	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
-		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			*p = '\0';
+	if (strcmp(line, "unpack ok")) {
 		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -122,17 +119,15 @@ static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
 	while (1) {
 		char *refname;
 		char *msg;
-		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (len < 3 ||
-		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
+		if (prefixcmp(line, "ok ") && prefixcmp(line, "ng ")) {
+			error("invalid ref status from remote: %s", line);
 			ret = -1;
 			break;
 		}
 
-		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
 		refname = line + 3;
 		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
 		if (msg)
@@ -229,6 +224,10 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
 		}
 	} else {
-		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		write_or_die(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
 		packet_flush(out);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 22604902aa..06e52b4c83 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -18,6 +18,89 @@
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
 const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
+
+static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = buf[i];
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
+	 */
+	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
+		!prefixcmp(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
+ * Returns 1 for conforming footer
+ * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
+ * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
+ */
+static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
+	int ignore_footer)
+{
+	char prev;
+	int i, k;
+	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+	int found_sob = 0;
+
+	/* footer must end with newline */
+	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	prev = '\0';
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		char ch = buf[i];
+		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
+			break;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* require at least one blank line */
+	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		int found_rfc2822;
+
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
+		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
+		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
+			found_sob = k;
+
+		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
+		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (found_sob == i)
+		return 3;
+	if (found_sob)
+		return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
 
 static void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 {
@@ -133,7 +216,7 @@ static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (msg) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
 		/*
-		 * A conflict has occured but the porcelain
+		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
 		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
 		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
 		 */
@@ -186,15 +269,22 @@ static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from)
+static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
+			int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
 
 	read_cache();
 	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
 		exit(1); /* the callee should have complained already */
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", from, 0);
-	return write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, "cherry-pick");
+	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", unborn ? null_sha1 : from,
+					   0, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: fast-forward", action_name(opts));
+	ret = write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
@@ -236,13 +326,13 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
 	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 
 	if (opts->signoff)
-		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0);
+		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
 
 	if (!clean) {
 		int i;
 		strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, "\nConflicts:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
 			if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\t');
 				strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, ce->name);
@@ -282,8 +372,9 @@ static int is_index_unchanged(void)
 		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
-		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree, active_cache,
-				  active_nr, 0))
+		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
+				      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+				      active_nr, 0))
 			return error(_("Unable to update cache tree\n"));
 
 	return !hashcmp(active_cache_tree->sha1, head_commit->tree->object.sha1);
@@ -390,7 +481,7 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char *defmsg = NULL;
 	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int res;
+	int res, unborn = 0, allow;
 
 	if (opts->no_commit) {
 		/*
@@ -402,9 +493,10 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
 			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
 	} else {
-		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-			return error(_("You do not have a valid HEAD"));
-		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
+		if (unborn)
+			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0))
 			return error_dirty_index(opts);
 	}
 	discard_cache();
@@ -435,8 +527,10 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	else
 		parent = commit->parents->item;
 
-	if (opts->allow_ff && parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head))
-		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head);
+	if (opts->allow_ff &&
+	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head)) ||
+	     (!parent && unborn)))
+		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head, unborn, opts);
 
 	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
 		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
@@ -492,7 +586,9 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		}
 
 		if (opts->record_origin) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "(cherry picked from commit ");
+			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
+				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
 		}
@@ -535,14 +631,18 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		      msg.subject);
 		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
 		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
-	} else {
-		int allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
-		if (allow < 0)
-			return allow;
-		if (!opts->no_commit)
-			res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
+	if (allow < 0) {
+		res = allow;
+		goto leave;
 	}
+	if (!opts->no_commit)
+		res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
 
+leave:
 	free_message(&msg);
 	free(defmsg);
 
@@ -958,6 +1058,7 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
 
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
 		assert(opts->revs);
@@ -978,6 +1079,23 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
 		return sequencer_continue(opts);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+
+		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
+		if (!strlen(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
+				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+				die(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"), name, typename(type));
+			}
+		} else
+			die(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
 	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
@@ -1017,62 +1135,67 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
 }
 
-static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb, int ignore_footer)
-{
-	int ch;
-	int hit = 0;
-	int i, j, k;
-	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
-	int first = 1;
-	const char *buf = sb->buf;
-
-	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
-	}
-
-	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
-		i++;
-
-	for (; i < len; i = k) {
-		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		k++;
-
-		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
-			continue;
-
-		first = 0;
-
-		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
-			ch = buf[i + j];
-			if (ch == ':')
-				break;
-			if (isalnum(ch) ||
-			    (ch == '-'))
-				continue;
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer)
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
 {
+	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
 	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int i;
+	int has_footer;
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
 	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
-	for (i = msgbuf->len - 1 - ignore_footer; i > 0 && msgbuf->buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (prefixcmp(msgbuf->buf + i, sob.buf)) {
-		if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(msgbuf, ignore_footer))
-			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0, "\n", 1);
-		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0, sob.buf, sob.len);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
+	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
+	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
+		has_footer = 3;
+	else
+		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);
+
+	if (!has_footer) {
+		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
+		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;
+
+		if (!len) {
+			/*
+			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
+			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
+			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
+			 * the message body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (len == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
+			 * body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */
+
+		if (append_newlines)
+			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
 	}
+
+	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
+		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				sob.buf, sob.len);
+
 	strbuf_release(&sob);
 }
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index 9d57d57524..1fc22dcabe 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #define SEQ_TODO_FILE	"sequencer/todo"
 #define SEQ_OPTS_FILE	"sequencer/opts"
 
+#define APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP (1u << 0)
+
 enum replay_action {
 	REPLAY_REVERT,
 	REPLAY_PICK
@@ -48,6 +50,6 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts);
 
 extern const char sign_off_header[];
 
-void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer);
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 3a1b2fd455..f08dd64976 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 
-static char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+/*
+ * Normalize "path", prepending the "prefix" for relative paths. If
+ * remaining_prefix is not NULL, return the actual prefix still
+ * remains in the path. For example, prefix = sub1/sub2/ and path is
+ *
+ *  foo          -> sub1/sub2/foo  (full prefix)
+ *  ../foo       -> sub1/foo       (remaining prefix is sub1/)
+ *  ../../bar    -> bar            (no remaining prefix)
+ *  ../../sub1/sub2/foo -> sub1/sub2/foo (but no remaining prefix)
+ *  `pwd`/../bar -> sub1/bar       (no remaining prefix)
+ */
+char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
+			 int *remaining_prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized;
@@ -12,13 +25,17 @@ static char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 		const char *temp = real_path(path);
 		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(temp) + 1);
 		strcpy(sanitized, temp);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = 0;
 	} else {
 		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
 		if (len)
 			memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
 		strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = len;
 	}
-	if (normalize_path_copy(sanitized, sanitized))
+	if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix))
 		goto error_out;
 	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
 		size_t root_len, len, total;
@@ -43,7 +60,7 @@ static char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 
 char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 {
-	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
 	if (!r)
 		die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
 	return r;
@@ -52,7 +69,7 @@ char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
 	if (r) {
 		free(r);
 		return 1;
@@ -65,7 +82,14 @@ int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	const char *name;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, ":/")) {
+		if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+			return 1;
+		name = arg + 2;
+	} else if (prefix)
+		name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
+	else
+		name = arg;
 	if (!lstat(name, &st))
 		return 1; /* file exists */
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
@@ -146,134 +170,6 @@ void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Magic pathspec
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: These need to be moved to dir.h or even to a new
- * pathspec.h when we restructure get_pathspec() users to use the
- * "struct pathspec" interface.
- *
- * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
- *
- *	{ PATHSPEC_NOGLOB, '!', "noglob" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE, '\0', "icase" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
- *
- */
-#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP    (1<<0)
-
-static struct pathspec_magic {
-	unsigned bit;
-	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
-	const char *name;
-} pathspec_magic[] = {
-	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
-};
-
-/*
- * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
- * Append the result to the prefix.
- *
- * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
- * "top" magic.
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
- * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
- * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
- * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
- * string cannot express such a case.
- */
-static const char *prefix_pathspec(const char *prefix, int prefixlen, const char *elt)
-{
-	unsigned magic = 0;
-	const char *copyfrom = elt;
-	int i;
-
-	if (elt[0] != ':') {
-		; /* nothing to do */
-	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
-		/* longhand */
-		const char *nextat;
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
-		     copyfrom = nextat) {
-			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
-			if (copyfrom[len] == ')')
-				nextat = copyfrom + len;
-			else
-				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
-			if (!len)
-				continue;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
-				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'",
-				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ')')
-			copyfrom++;
-	} else {
-		/* shorthand */
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
-		     copyfrom++) {
-			char ch = *copyfrom;
-
-			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
-				break;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'",
-				    ch, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ':')
-			copyfrom++;
-	}
-
-	if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP)
-		return xstrdup(copyfrom);
-	else
-		return prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, copyfrom);
-}
-
-const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
-{
-	const char *entry = *pathspec;
-	const char **src, **dst;
-	int prefixlen;
-
-	if (!prefix && !entry)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!entry) {
-		static const char *spec[2];
-		spec[0] = prefix;
-		spec[1] = NULL;
-		return spec;
-	}
-
-	/* Otherwise we have to re-write the entries.. */
-	src = pathspec;
-	dst = pathspec;
-	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	while (*src) {
-		*(dst++) = prefix_pathspec(prefix, prefixlen, *src);
-		src++;
-	}
-	*dst = NULL;
-	if (!*pathspec)
-		return NULL;
-	return pathspec;
-}
 
 /*
  * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
@@ -331,6 +227,7 @@ int is_inside_work_tree(void)
 
 void setup_work_tree(void)
 {
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *work_tree, *git_dir;
 	static int initialized = 0;
 
@@ -350,8 +247,10 @@ void setup_work_tree(void)
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
 		setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
 
-	set_git_dir(relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
+	set_git_dir(relative_path(git_dir, work_tree, &sb));
 	initialized = 1;
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, int *nongit_ok)
@@ -496,6 +395,12 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
 		}
 	}
+	else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
+		/* #16d */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	else /* #2, #10 */
 		set_git_work_tree(".");
 
@@ -574,6 +479,8 @@ static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(char *cwd, int offset, int len, int *nongi
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
 		return NULL;
 
+	setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
 		const char *gitdir;
@@ -621,16 +528,48 @@ static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_
 }
 
 /*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
+ * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_path_if_valid(), or
+ * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
+ * subsequent entries.
+ */
+static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
+				      void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil) {
+		*empty_entry_found = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (*empty_entry_found) {
+		/* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
+		if (!real_path)
+			return 0;
+		free(item->string);
+		item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
+	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
 	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
 	char *gitfile;
-	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset;
+	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
 
@@ -655,7 +594,16 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	if (gitdirenv)
 		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
 
-	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
+	if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
+		int empty_entry_found = 0;
+
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
+		ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+	}
+
 	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
 		ceil_offset = 1;
 
@@ -726,9 +674,9 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
 	if (prefix)
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", prefix, 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
 	else
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", "", 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
 
 	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
@@ -830,3 +778,15 @@ const char *resolve_gitdir(const char *suspect)
 		return suspect;
 	return read_gitfile(suspect);
 }
+
+/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
+void sanitize_stdfds(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
+	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
+		fd = dup(fd);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+	if (fd > 2)
+		close(fd);
+}
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.c b/sha1-lookup.c
index c4dc55d1f5..2dd851598a 100644
--- a/sha1-lookup.c
+++ b/sha1-lookup.c
@@ -204,7 +204,54 @@ int sha1_entry_pos(const void *table,
 			 * byte 0 thru (ofs-1) are the same between
 			 * lo and hi; ofs is the first byte that is
 			 * different.
+			 *
+			 * If ofs==20, then no bytes are different,
+			 * meaning we have entries with duplicate
+			 * keys. We know that we are in a solid run
+			 * of this entry (because the entries are
+			 * sorted, and our lo and hi are the same,
+			 * there can be nothing but this single key
+			 * in between). So we can stop the search.
+			 * Either one of these entries is it (and
+			 * we do not care which), or we do not have
+			 * it.
+			 *
+			 * Furthermore, we know that one of our
+			 * endpoints must be the edge of the run of
+			 * duplicates. For example, given this
+			 * sequence:
+			 *
+			 *     idx 0 1 2 3 4 5
+			 *     key A C C C C D
+			 *
+			 * If we are searching for "B", we might
+			 * hit the duplicate run at lo=1, hi=3
+			 * (e.g., by first mi=3, then mi=0). But we
+			 * can never have lo > 1, because B < C.
+			 * That is, if our key is less than the
+			 * run, we know that "lo" is the edge, but
+			 * we can say nothing of "hi". Similarly,
+			 * if our key is greater than the run, we
+			 * know that "hi" is the edge, but we can
+			 * say nothing of "lo".
+			 *
+			 * Therefore if we do not find it, we also
+			 * know where it would go if it did exist:
+			 * just on the far side of the edge that we
+			 * know about.
 			 */
+			if (ofs == 20) {
+				mi = lo;
+				mi_key = base + elem_size * mi + key_offset;
+				cmp = memcmp(mi_key, key, 20);
+				if (!cmp)
+					return mi;
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					return -1 - hi;
+				else
+					return -1 - lo;
+			}
+
 			hiv = hi_key[ofs_0];
 			if (ofs_0 < 19)
 				hiv = (hiv << 8) | hi_key[ofs_0+1];
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index 40b23297b2..f80bbe4674 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
@@ -35,6 +36,9 @@ static inline uintmax_t sz_fmt(size_t s) { return s; }
 
 const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
 
+static const char *no_log_pack_access = "no_log_pack_access";
+static const char *log_pack_access;
+
 /*
  * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
  * want read_sha1_file() to be able to return, but yet you do not want
@@ -123,8 +127,13 @@ int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
 			}
 		}
 		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -1;
+			if (errno == EEXIST &&
+			    !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+			} else {
+				*pos = '/';
+				return -1;
+			}
 		}
 		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
 			*pos = '/';
@@ -605,7 +614,7 @@ static void scan_windows(struct packed_git *p,
 	}
 }
 
-static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
 	struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
@@ -619,15 +628,8 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 		pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
 		if (lru_l)
 			lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
-		else {
+		else
 			lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
-			if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != -1
-				&& lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
-				close(lru_p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-				lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
-			}
-		}
 		free(lru_w);
 		pack_open_windows--;
 		return 1;
@@ -635,10 +637,10 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need)
 {
 	size_t cur = pack_mapped;
-	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL))
 		; /* nothing */
 }
 
@@ -649,7 +651,7 @@ void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
 	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
 		if (!length)
 			return NULL;
-		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		release_pack_memory(length);
 		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
 			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
@@ -673,6 +675,83 @@ void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * The LRU pack is the one with the oldest MRU window, preferring packs
+ * with no used windows, or the oldest mtime if it has no windows allocated.
+ */
+static void find_lru_pack(struct packed_git *p, struct packed_git **lru_p, struct pack_window **mru_w, int *accept_windows_inuse)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w, *this_mru_w;
+	int has_windows_inuse = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject this pack if it has windows and the previously selected
+	 * one does not.  If this pack does not have windows, reject
+	 * it if the pack file is newer than the previously selected one.
+	 */
+	if (*lru_p && !*mru_w && (p->windows || p->mtime > (*lru_p)->mtime))
+		return;
+
+	for (w = this_mru_w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if any of its windows are in use,
+		 * but the previously selected pack did not have any
+		 * inuse windows.  Otherwise, record that this pack
+		 * has windows in use.
+		 */
+		if (w->inuse_cnt) {
+			if (*accept_windows_inuse)
+				has_windows_inuse = 1;
+			else
+				return;
+		}
+
+		if (w->last_used > this_mru_w->last_used)
+			this_mru_w = w;
+
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if it has windows that have been
+		 * used more recently than the previously selected pack.
+		 * If the previously selected pack had windows inuse and
+		 * we have not encountered a window in this pack that is
+		 * inuse, skip this check since we prefer a pack with no
+		 * inuse windows to one that has inuse windows.
+		 */
+		if (*mru_w && *accept_windows_inuse == has_windows_inuse &&
+		    this_mru_w->last_used > (*mru_w)->last_used)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Select this pack.
+	 */
+	*mru_w = this_mru_w;
+	*lru_p = p;
+	*accept_windows_inuse = has_windows_inuse;
+}
+
+static int close_one_pack(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+	struct pack_window *mru_w = NULL;
+	int accept_windows_inuse = 1;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_fd == -1)
+			continue;
+		find_lru_pack(p, &lru_p, &mru_w, &accept_windows_inuse);
+	}
+
+	if (lru_p) {
+		close(lru_p->pack_fd);
+		pack_open_fds--;
+		lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
@@ -768,7 +847,7 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
 			pack_max_fds = 1;
 	}
 
-	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
+	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && close_one_pack())
 		; /* nothing */
 
 	p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name);
@@ -884,7 +963,7 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 			win->len = (size_t)len;
 			pack_mapped += win->len;
 			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
-				&& unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+				&& unuse_one_window(p))
 				; /* nothing */
 			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
 				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
@@ -930,7 +1009,7 @@ static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
 
 static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
 {
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 }
 
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
@@ -1000,6 +1079,63 @@ void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
 	packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+			  int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+	const char *msg;
+	switch (seen_bits) {
+	case 0:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx nor .pack";
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx";
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		msg = "no corresponding .pack";
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	for (; first < last; first++)
+		report_garbage(msg, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+	if (!report_garbage)
+		return;
+
+	sort_string_list(list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+		if (baselen != -1 &&
+		    strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+			report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+			baselen = -1;
+			seen_bits = 0;
+		}
+		if (baselen == -1) {
+			const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+			if (!dot) {
+				report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			baselen = dot - path + 1;
+			first = i;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+			seen_bits |= 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+			seen_bits |= 2;
+	}
+	report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
 	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
@@ -1009,6 +1145,7 @@ static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 	int len;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *de;
+	struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
 	len = strlen(path);
@@ -1024,29 +1161,49 @@ static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
 		struct packed_git *p;
 
-		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
+		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path)) {
+			if (report_garbage) {
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s", len - 1, path, de->d_name);
+				report_garbage("path too long", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
+			}
 			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
 
-		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
 		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-				break;
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx")) {
+			/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+			for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+				if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (p == NULL &&
+			    /*
+			     * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+			     * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+			     */
+			    (p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local)) != NULL)
+				install_packed_git(p);
 		}
-		if (p)
-			continue;
-		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-		 * .pack file that we can map.
-		 */
-		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-		if (!p)
+
+		if (!report_garbage)
 			continue;
-		install_packed_git(p);
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+			string_list_append(&garbage, path);
+		else
+			report_garbage("garbage found", path);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+	report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+	string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -1187,6 +1344,10 @@ int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map,
 		char buf[1024 * 16];
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0) {
+			close_istream(st);
+			return -1;
+		}
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
@@ -1215,6 +1376,26 @@ static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 	}
 }
 
+static int stat_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
+{
+	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	if (!lstat(name, st))
+		return 0;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		name = alt->name;
+		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+		if (!lstat(alt->base, st))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
@@ -1560,50 +1741,6 @@ static off_t get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
 	return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype);
-
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
-			     off_t curpos,
-			     enum object_type type,
-			     off_t obj_offset,
-			     unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset)
-		return OBJ_BAD;
-	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL, NULL);
-	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-	 * inflate() calls.
-	 */
-	if (sizep) {
-		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-		if (*sizep == 0)
-			type = OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	return type;
-}
-
 int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 			 struct pack_window **w_curs,
 			 off_t *curpos,
@@ -1630,36 +1767,138 @@ int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 	return type;
 }
 
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype)
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-	unsigned long size;
-	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	enum object_type type;
+	int type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	if (!revidx)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	return type;
+}
 
-	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
-	if (rtype)
-		*rtype = type; /* representation type */
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
+static enum object_type packed_to_object_type(struct packed_git *p,
+					      off_t obj_offset,
+					      enum object_type type,
+					      struct pack_window **w_curs,
+					      off_t curpos)
+{
+	off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+	int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
+
+	while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		unsigned long size;
+		/* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+			poi_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+		/* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset)
+			goto unwind;
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+			/* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+			 * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+			type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+			if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+				goto out;
+			goto unwind;
+		}
+	}
 
 	switch (type) {
-	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
-		break;
+	case OBJ_BAD:
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		if (sizep)
-			*sizep = size;
 		break;
 	default:
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
 		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 		type = OBJ_BAD;
 	}
+
+out:
+	if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+		free(poi_stack);
+	return type;
+
+unwind:
+	while (poi_stack_nr) {
+		obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+		type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+		if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	type = OBJ_BAD;
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+			      struct object_info *oi)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We always get the representation type, but only convert it to
+	 * a "real" type later if the caller is interested.
+	 */
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+	if (oi->sizep) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+			off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+							   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base_offset) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			*oi->sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+			if (*oi->sizep == 0) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			*oi->sizep = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+		*oi->disk_sizep = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+	}
+
+	if (oi->typep) {
+		*oi->typep = packed_to_object_type(p, obj_offset, type, &w_curs, curpos);
+		if (*oi->typep < 0) {
+			type = OBJ_BAD;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return type;
 }
@@ -1723,32 +1962,51 @@ static unsigned long pack_entry_hash(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
-static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+				     struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
 	return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
 }
 
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+	return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	ent->data = NULL;
+	ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+	ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+	delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
 	void *ret;
-	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-	ret = ent->data;
-	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+	if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
 		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-	if (!keep_cache) {
-		ent->data = NULL;
-		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-	} else {
+	ret = ent->data;
+
+	if (!keep_cache)
+		clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+	else
 		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-	}
 	*type = ent->type;
 	*base_size = ent->size;
 	return ret;
@@ -1812,78 +2070,23 @@ static void add_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
 			 unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-				struct pack_window **w_curs,
-				off_t curpos,
-				unsigned long delta_size,
-				off_t obj_offset,
-				enum object_type *type,
-				unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-	unsigned long base_size;
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset) {
-		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	unuse_pack(w_curs);
-	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-	if (!base) {
-		/*
-		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-		 */
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return NULL;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-		      p->pack_name);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-		if (!base)
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-	if (!delta_data) {
-		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		free(base);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-			     delta_data, delta_size,
-			     sizep);
-	if (!result)
-		die("failed to apply delta");
-	free(delta_data);
-	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
 	static FILE *log_file;
 
+	if (!log_pack_access)
+		log_pack_access = getenv("GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS");
+	if (!log_pack_access)
+		log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
+	if (log_pack_access == no_log_pack_access)
+		return;
+
 	if (!log_file) {
 		log_file = fopen(log_pack_access, "w");
 		if (!log_file) {
 			error("cannot open pack access log '%s' for writing: %s",
 			      log_pack_access, strerror(errno));
-			log_pack_access = NULL;
+			log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1894,48 +2097,187 @@ static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+	off_t obj_offset;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+		   enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	void *data;
+	void *data = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+	int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+	int base_from_cache = 0;
 
-	if (log_pack_access)
+	if (log_pack_access != no_log_pack_access)
 		write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
 
-	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-			const unsigned char *sha1 =
-				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			return NULL;
+	/* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+	for (;;) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		int i;
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+		ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+		if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+			type = ent->type;
+			data = ent->data;
+			size = ent->size;
+			clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+			base_from_cache = 1;
+			break;
 		}
+
+		if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+				const unsigned char *sha1 =
+					nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			break;
+
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset) {
+			error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			/* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+			data = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* push object, proceed to base */
+		if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+			delta_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		i = delta_stack_nr++;
+		delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+		delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+		delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
 	}
 
-	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-	switch (*type) {
+	/* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		if (data)
+			die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		if (!base_from_cache)
+			data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
 		break;
 	default:
 		data = NULL;
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 	}
+
+	/* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+	/* invariants:
+	 *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+	 */
+	while (delta_stack_nr) {
+		void *delta_data;
+		void *base = data;
+		unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+		int i;
+
+		data = NULL;
+
+		if (base)
+			add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+		if (!base) {
+			/*
+			 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+			 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+			 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+			 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+			 */
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+			const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+			revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			if (revidx) {
+				base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+				      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+				      p->pack_name);
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+				base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		i = --delta_stack_nr;
+		obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+		curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+		delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+
+		delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+		if (!delta_data) {
+			error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			data = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+				   delta_data, delta_size,
+				   &size);
+
+		/*
+		 * We could not apply the delta; warn the user, but keep going.
+		 * Our failure will be noticed either in the next iteration of
+		 * the loop, or if this is the final delta, in the caller when
+		 * we return NULL. Those code paths will take care of making
+		 * a more explicit warning and retrying with another copy of
+		 * the object.
+		 */
+		if (!data)
+			error("failed to apply delta");
+
+		free(delta_data);
+	}
+
+	*final_type = type;
+	*final_size = size;
+
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return data;
 }
@@ -2130,7 +2472,8 @@ struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 }
 
-static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct object_info *oi)
 {
 	int status;
 	unsigned long mapsize, size;
@@ -2138,19 +2481,37 @@ static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size
 	git_zstream stream;
 	char hdr[32];
 
+	/*
+	 * If we don't care about type or size, then we don't
+	 * need to look inside the object at all.
+	 */
+	if (!oi->typep && !oi->sizep) {
+		if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (stat_sha1_file(sha1, &st) < 0)
+				return -1;
+			*oi->disk_sizep = st.st_size;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
 	if (!map)
-		return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return -1;
+	if (oi->disk_sizep)
+		*oi->disk_sizep = mapsize;
 	if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
 			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	else if (sizep)
-		*sizep = size;
+	else if (oi->sizep)
+		*oi->sizep = size;
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	munmap(map, mapsize);
-	return status;
+	if (oi->typep)
+		*oi->typep = status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /* returns enum object_type or negative */
@@ -2158,34 +2519,37 @@ int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 {
 	struct cached_object *co;
 	struct pack_entry e;
-	int status, rtype;
+	int rtype;
 
 	co = find_cached_object(sha1);
 	if (co) {
+		if (oi->typep)
+			*(oi->typep) = co->type;
 		if (oi->sizep)
 			*(oi->sizep) = co->size;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*(oi->disk_sizep) = 0;
 		oi->whence = OI_CACHED;
-		return co->type;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
 		/* Most likely it's a loose object. */
-		status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi->sizep);
-		if (status >= 0) {
+		if (!sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi)) {
 			oi->whence = OI_LOOSE;
-			return status;
+			return 0;
 		}
 
 		/* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
 		reprepare_packed_git();
 		if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
-			return status;
+			return -1;
 	}
 
-	status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi->sizep, &rtype);
-	if (status < 0) {
+	rtype = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi);
+	if (rtype < 0) {
 		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
-		status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+		return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
 	} else if (in_delta_base_cache(e.p, e.offset)) {
 		oi->whence = OI_DBCACHED;
 	} else {
@@ -2196,15 +2560,19 @@ int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 					 rtype == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
 	}
 
-	return status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
-	struct object_info oi;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 
+	oi.typep = &type;
 	oi.sizep = sizep;
-	return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi);
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return type;
 }
 
 static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2627,7 +2995,10 @@ int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
 		return 1;
-	return has_loose_object(sha1);
+	if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+		return 1;
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
 }
 
 static void check_tree(const void *buf, size_t size)
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 95003c77ea..0e5fe7f937 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static void update_candidates(struct disambiguate_state *ds, const unsigned char
 	}
 
 	if (!ds->candidate_ok) {
-		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisify fn */
+		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisfy fn */
 		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
 		ds->candidate_checked = 0;
 		return;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ static int disambiguate_committish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data
 		return 0;
 
 	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
-	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	obj = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
 	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -431,22 +431,51 @@ static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
 }
 
 static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags);
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf);
 
 static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static const char *warn_msg = "refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.";
+	static const char *object_name_msg = N_(
+	"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+	"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+	"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+	"\n"
+	"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+	"\n"
+	"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+	"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+	"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"");
+	unsigned char tmp_sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref = NULL;
 	int refs_found = 0;
-	int at, reflog_len;
-
-	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
+	int at, reflog_len, nth_prior = 0;
+
+	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1)) {
+		if (warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity) {
+			refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, tmp_sha1, &real_ref);
+			if (refs_found > 0 && warn_ambiguous_refs) {
+				warning(warn_msg, len, str);
+				if (advice_object_name_warning)
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _(object_name_msg));
+			}
+			free(real_ref);
+		}
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/* basic@{time or number or -number} format to query ref-log */
 	reflog_len = at = 0;
 	if (len && str[len-1] == '}') {
-		for (at = len-2; at >= 0; at--) {
+		for (at = len-4; at >= 0; at--) {
 			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
+				if (str[at+2] == '-') {
+					if (at != 0)
+						/* @{-N} not at start */
+						return -1;
+					nth_prior = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
 				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
 					reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
 					len = at;
@@ -460,20 +489,22 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (len && ambiguous_path(str, len))
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!len && reflog_len) {
+	if (nth_prior) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int ret;
-		/* try the @{-N} syntax for n-th checkout */
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
-			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1, 0);
-		} else if (ret == 0) {
-			return -1;
+		int detached;
+
+		if (interpret_nth_prior_checkout(str, &buf) > 0) {
+			detached = (buf.len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1));
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			if (detached)
+				return 0;
 		}
+	}
+
+	if (!len && reflog_len)
 		/* allow "@{...}" to mean the current branch reflog */
 		refs_found = dwim_ref("HEAD", 4, sha1, &real_ref);
-	} else if (reflog_len)
+	else if (reflog_len)
 		refs_found = dwim_log(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
 	else
 		refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
@@ -481,7 +512,9 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!refs_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
+	if (warn_ambiguous_refs &&
+	    (refs_found > 1 ||
+	     !get_short_sha1(str, len, tmp_sha1, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)))
 		warning(warn_msg, len, str);
 
 	if (reflog_len) {
@@ -490,10 +523,6 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		unsigned long co_time;
 		int co_tz, co_cnt;
 
-		/* a @{-N} placed anywhere except the start is an error */
-		if (str[at+2] == '-')
-			return -1;
-
 		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
 		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
 			char ch = str[at+2+i];
@@ -517,12 +546,21 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		}
 		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
 				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
+			if (!len) {
+				if (!prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+					str = real_ref + 11;
+					len = strlen(real_ref + 11);
+				} else {
+					/* detached HEAD */
+					str = "HEAD";
+					len = 4;
+				}
+			}
 			if (at_time)
 				warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
 					"back to %s.", len, str,
 					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
 			else {
-				free(real_ref);
 				die("Log for '%.*s' only has %d entries.",
 				    len, str, co_cnt);
 			}
@@ -594,7 +632,7 @@ struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
 	while (1) {
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return NULL;
-		if (o->type == expected_type)
+		if (expected_type == OBJ_ANY || o->type == expected_type)
 			return o;
 		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
@@ -639,12 +677,16 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		return -1;
 
 	sp++; /* beginning of type name, or closing brace for empty */
-	if (!strncmp(commit_type, sp, 6) && sp[6] == '}')
+	if (!prefixcmp(sp, "commit}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	else if (!strncmp(tree_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "tag}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_TAG;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "tree}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
-	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "blob}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "object}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_ANY;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
 	else if (sp[0] == '/')
@@ -654,6 +696,8 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	if (expected_type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+	else if (expected_type == OBJ_TREE)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_TREEISH;
 
 	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer, lookup_flags))
 		return -1;
@@ -856,8 +900,8 @@ static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
-	long cnt, alloc;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
+	int remaining;
+	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
 static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
@@ -867,7 +911,6 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
 	size_t len;
-	int nth;
 
 	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
 		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
@@ -876,11 +919,12 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 
 	if (!match || !target)
 		return 0;
-
-	len = target - match;
-	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
-	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
-	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	if (--(cb->remaining) == 0) {
+		len = target - match;
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_add(&cb->buf, match, len);
+		return 1; /* we are done */
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -891,7 +935,7 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	long nth;
-	int i, retval;
+	int retval;
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
 	const char *brace;
 	char *num_end;
@@ -901,34 +945,22 @@ static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
 	brace = strchr(name, '}');
 	if (!brace)
 		return -1;
-	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	nth = strtol(name + 3, &num_end, 10);
 	if (num_end != brace)
 		return -1;
 	if (nth <= 0)
 		return -1;
-	cb.alloc = nth;
-	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
-	cb.cnt = 0;
+	cb.remaining = nth;
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 20);
+
 	retval = 0;
-	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
-	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
-		cb.cnt = 0;
-		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	if (0 < for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb)) {
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len);
+		retval = brace - name + 1;
 	}
-	if (cb.cnt < nth)
-		goto release_return;
-	i = cb.cnt % nth;
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
-	retval = brace-name+1;
-
-release_return:
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
-	free(cb.buf);
 
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -974,6 +1006,49 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return st;
 }
 
+/* parse @something syntax, when 'something' is not {.*} */
+static int interpret_empty_at(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (len || name[1] == '{')
+		return -1;
+
+	/* make sure it's a single @, or @@{.*}, not @foo */
+	next = strchr(name + len + 1, '@');
+	if (next && next[1] != '{')
+		return -1;
+	if (!next)
+		next = name + namelen;
+	if (next != name + 1)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_add(buf, "HEAD", 4);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int reinterpret(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int used = buf->len;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
+	ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, buf->len, &tmp);
+	/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		return len;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
+	strbuf_release(&tmp);
+	/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
+	return ret - used + len;
+}
+
 /*
  * This reads short-hand syntax that not only evaluates to a commit
  * object name, but also can act as if the end user spelled the name
@@ -995,44 +1070,37 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
  * If the input was ok but there are not N branch switches in the
  * reflog, it returns 0.
  */
-int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	char *cp;
 	struct branch *upstream;
-	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, buf);
 	int tmp_len;
 
-	if (!len)
-		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
-	if (0 < len && len == namelen)
-		return len; /* consumed all */
-	else if (0 < len) {
-		/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
-		struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int used = buf->len;
-		int ret;
+	if (!namelen)
+		namelen = strlen(name);
 
-		strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, &tmp);
-		/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
-			return len;
-		}
-		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
-		strbuf_release(&tmp);
-		/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
-		return ret - used + len;
+	if (!len) {
+		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
+	} else if (len > 0) {
+		if (len == namelen)
+			return len; /* consumed all */
+		else
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
 	}
 
 	cp = strchr(name, '@');
 	if (!cp)
 		return -1;
+
+	len = interpret_empty_at(name, namelen, cp - name, buf);
+	if (len > 0)
+		return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+
 	tmp_len = upstream_mark(cp, namelen - (cp - name));
 	if (!tmp_len)
 		return -1;
+
 	len = cp + tmp_len - name;
 	cp = xstrndup(name, cp - name);
 	upstream = branch_get(*cp ? cp : NULL);
@@ -1041,14 +1109,15 @@ int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
 	 * points to something different than a branch.
 	 */
 	if (!upstream)
-		return error(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+		die(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
 	if (!upstream->merge || !upstream->merge[0]->dst) {
 		if (!ref_exists(upstream->refname))
-			return error(_("No such branch: '%s'"), cp);
-		if (!upstream->merge)
-			return error(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
-				     upstream->name);
-		return error(
+			die(_("No such branch: '%s'"), cp);
+		if (!upstream->merge) {
+			die(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+				upstream->name);
+		}
+		die(
 			_("Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
 			upstream->merge[0]->src);
 	}
@@ -1063,9 +1132,13 @@ int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
 int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+	int used = interpret_branch_name(name, len, sb);
+
+	if (used == len)
 		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	if (used < 0)
+		used = 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name + used, len - used);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -1089,13 +1162,13 @@ int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 /*
- * Many callers know that the user meant to name a committish by
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a commit-ish by
  * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
  * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
- * abbreviated object names between committish and others.
+ * abbreviated object names between commit-ish and others.
  *
  * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
- * committish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * commit-ish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
  * machinery.
  */
 int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1137,7 +1210,8 @@ int get_sha1_blob(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 				       const char *filename,
 				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
-				       const char *object_name)
+				       const char *object_name,
+				       int object_name_len)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -1147,8 +1221,8 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 		prefix = "";
 
 	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
-		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%.*s'.",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
 		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
 					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
@@ -1158,16 +1232,16 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
 				    sha1, &mode)) {
 			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
-			    "Did you mean '%s:%s' aka '%s:./%s'?",
+			    "Did you mean '%.*s:%s' aka '%.*s:./%s'?",
 			    fullname,
 			    filename,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    fullname,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    filename);
 		}
-		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%.*s'",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1177,7 +1251,7 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
 					const char *filename)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos;
 	unsigned namelen = strlen(filename);
 	unsigned fullnamelen;
@@ -1271,7 +1345,7 @@ static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
 	 */
 	if (name[0] == ':') {
 		int stage = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		char *new_path = NULL;
 		int pos;
 		if (!only_to_die && namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/') {
@@ -1332,13 +1406,8 @@ static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
 	}
 	if (*cp == ':') {
 		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-		char *object_name = NULL;
-		if (only_to_die) {
-			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
-			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
-			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
-		}
-		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
+		int len = cp - name;
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, len, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
 			char *new_filename = NULL;
 
@@ -1348,8 +1417,8 @@ static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
 			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
 			if (ret && only_to_die) {
 				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
-							   tree_sha1, object_name);
-				free(object_name);
+							   tree_sha1,
+							   name, len);
 			}
 			hashcpy(oc->tree, tree_sha1);
 			strncpy(oc->path, filename,
@@ -1360,7 +1429,7 @@ static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (only_to_die)
-				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+				die("Invalid object name '%.*s'.", len, name);
 		}
 	}
 	return ret;
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index a0363dea20..cdf37d694d 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 static int is_shallow = -1;
+static struct stat shallow_stat;
+static char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path)
+{
+	if (is_shallow != -1)
+		die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
+	free(alternate_shallow_file);
+	alternate_shallow_file = path ? xstrdup(path) : NULL;
+}
 
 int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -21,12 +32,21 @@ int is_repository_shallow(void)
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[1024];
+	const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
 
 	if (is_shallow >= 0)
 		return is_shallow;
 
-	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
-	if (!fp) {
+	if (!path)
+		path = git_path("shallow");
+	/*
+	 * fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
+	 * shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
+	 * will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
+	 */
+	if (!*path ||
+	    stat(path, &shallow_stat) ||
+	    (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
 		is_shallow = 0;
 		return is_shallow;
 	}
@@ -72,8 +92,14 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 		}
 		if (parse_commit(commit))
 			die("invalid commit");
-		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		cur_depth++;
+		if (cur_depth >= depth) {
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
+			commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (!p->item->util) {
 				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
@@ -85,20 +111,112 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 					continue;
 				*pointer = cur_depth;
 			}
-			if (cur_depth < depth) {
-				if (p->next)
-					add_object_array(&p->item->object,
-							NULL, &stack);
-				else {
-					commit = p->item;
-					cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
-				}
-			} else {
-				commit_list_insert(p->item, &result);
-				p->item->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			if (p->next)
+				add_object_array(&p->item->object,
+						NULL, &stack);
+			else {
+				commit = p->item;
+				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return result;
 }
+
+void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!is_shallow)
+		return;
+	else if (is_shallow == -1)
+		die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
+
+	if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
+		die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
+	else if (st.st_mtime != shallow_stat.st_mtime
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+		 || ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != ST_MTIME_NSEC(shallow_stat)
+#endif
+		   )
+		die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
+}
+
+struct write_shallow_data {
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	int use_pack_protocol;
+	int count;
+};
+
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
+	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
+	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
+		return 0;
+	data->count++;
+	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
+		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
+		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data data;
+	data.out = out;
+	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
+	data.count = 0;
+	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
+	return data.count;
+}
+
+char *setup_temporary_shallow(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)) {
+		struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, git_path("shallow_XXXXXX"));
+		fd = xmkstemp(path.buf);
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  path.buf);
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return strbuf_detach(&path, NULL);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no shallow
+	 * file".
+	 */
+	return xstrdup("");
+}
+
+void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+			     const char **alternate_shallow_file)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(shallow_lock, git_path("shallow"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  shallow_lock->filename);
+		*alternate_shallow_file = shallow_lock->filename;
+	} else
+		/*
+		 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
+		 * shallow file".
+		 */
+		*alternate_shallow_file = "";
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index 84b237fef3..66350b220c 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
 #define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
+#define NOLOGIN_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/no-interactive-login"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -65,6 +66,18 @@ static void run_shell(void)
 {
 	int done = 0;
 	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+
+	if (!access(NOLOGIN_COMMAND, F_OK)) {
+		/* Interactive login disabled. */
+		const char *argv[] = { NOLOGIN_COMMAND, NULL };
+		int status;
+
+		status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
+		if (status < 0)
+			exit(127);
+		exit(status);
+	}
+
 	/* Print help if enabled */
 	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
 
@@ -134,7 +147,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char *prog;
 	const char **user_argv;
 	struct commands *cmd;
-	int devnull_fd;
 	int count;
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
@@ -143,15 +155,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/*
 	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
-	 * in die().  It also avoids not messing up when the pipes are
-	 * dup'ed onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
 	 */
-	devnull_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	while (devnull_fd >= 0 && devnull_fd <= 2)
-		devnull_fd = dup(devnull_fd);
-	if (devnull_fd == -1)
-		die_errno("opening /dev/null failed");
-	close (devnull_fd);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	/*
 	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index d5ffa1c891..d1125f5c52 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 
 	while (1) {
 		int band, len;
-		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		len = packet_read(in_stream, NULL, NULL, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX, 0);
 		if (len == 0)
 			break;
 		if (len < 1) {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 			} while (len);
 			continue;
 		case 1:
-			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			write_or_die(out, buf + pf+1, len);
 			continue;
 		default:
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
@@ -138,12 +139,12 @@ ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet
 		if (0 <= band) {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
 			hdr[4] = band;
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 5);
 		} else {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 4);
 		}
-		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		write_or_die(fd, p, n);
 		p += n;
 		sz -= n;
 	}
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
index d72db35d1e..e46bed0b01 100644
--- a/sideband.h
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
 #define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
 
-#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
-#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
-
 int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
 ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
 
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index 05d0693eba..1170d01c43 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -204,6 +204,54 @@ void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void add_lines(struct strbuf *out,
+			const char *prefix1,
+			const char *prefix2,
+			const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	while (size) {
+		const char *prefix;
+		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
+		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
+
+		prefix = (prefix2 && buf[0] == '\n') ? prefix2 : prefix1;
+		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
+		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
+		size -= next - buf;
+		buf = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete_line(out);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	static char prefix1[3];
+	static char prefix2[2];
+
+	if (prefix1[0] != comment_line_char) {
+		sprintf(prefix1, "%c ", comment_line_char);
+		sprintf(prefix2, "%c", comment_line_char);
+	}
+	add_lines(out, prefix1, prefix2, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int incomplete_line = sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n';
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(sb, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	if (incomplete_line)
+		sb->buf[--sb->len] = '\0';
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -414,15 +462,33 @@ int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
 void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix,
 		      const char *buf, size_t size)
 {
-	while (size) {
-		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
-		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
-		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
-		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
-		size -= next - buf;
-		buf = next;
+	add_lines(out, prefix, NULL, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *buf, const char *s)
+{
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		}
+		s++;
 	}
-	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 }
 
 static int is_rfc3986_reserved(char ch)
@@ -462,6 +528,25 @@ void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 	strbuf_add_urlencode(sb, s, strlen(s), reserved);
 }
 
+void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > 1 << 30) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u GiB",
+			    (int)(bytes >> 30),
+			    (int)(bytes & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = bytes + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u MiB",
+			    x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = bytes + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u KiB",
+			    x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u bytes", (int)bytes);
+	}
+}
+
 int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
index aa386c6074..73e80cea69 100644
--- a/strbuf.h
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ extern void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len);
 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
                           const void *, size_t);
 
+extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
 static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
 	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
@@ -131,11 +133,19 @@ extern void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf *dst, const struct strbuf *
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
 extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
 extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
 
+/*
+ * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
+ * into XML entities.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s);
+
 static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
@@ -160,6 +170,7 @@ extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 
 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *,
 				    int reserved);
+extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes);
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,1,2)))
 extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index 4d978e54e4..debe904523 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ static enum input_source istream_source(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	unsigned long size;
 	int status;
 
+	oi->typep = type;
 	oi->sizep = &size;
 	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
 	if (status < 0)
 		return stream_error;
-	*type = status;
 
 	switch (oi->whence) {
 	case OI_LOOSE:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter)
 {
 	struct git_istream *st;
-	struct object_info oi;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 	enum input_source src = istream_source(real, type, &oi);
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if (st && filter) {
+	if (filter) {
 		/* Add "&& !is_null_stream_filter(filter)" for performance */
 		struct git_istream *nst = attach_stream_filter(st, filter);
 		if (!nst)
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ static read_method_decl(filtered)
 		if (!fs->input_finished) {
 			fs->i_end = read_istream(fs->upstream, fs->ibuf, FILTER_BUFFER);
 			if (fs->i_end < 0)
-				break;
+				return -1;
 			if (fs->i_end)
 				continue;
 		}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ static read_method_decl(loose)
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+		if (status != Z_OK && (status != Z_BUF_ERROR || total_read < sz)) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
 			return -1;
@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@ int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, unsigned const char *sha1, struct stream_filter *f
 		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0)
+			goto close_and_exit;
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		if (can_seek && sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
index 397e6cfa7d..aabb25ef4c 100644
--- a/string-list.c
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ static int get_entry_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
 		int *exact_match)
 {
 	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 
 	while (left + 1 < right) {
 		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
-		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		int compare = cmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
 		if (compare < 0)
 			right = middle;
 		else if (compare > 0)
@@ -96,8 +97,9 @@ void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
 {
 	if (list->nr > 1) {
 		int src, dst;
+		compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 		for (src = dst = 1; src < list->nr; src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
+			if (!cmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
 				if (list->strdup_strings)
 					free(list->items[src].string);
 				if (free_util)
@@ -145,26 +147,6 @@ void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util) {
 	filter_string_list(list, free_util, item_is_not_empty, NULL);
 }
 
-char *string_list_longest_prefix(const struct string_list *prefixes,
-				 const char *string)
-{
-	int i, max_len = -1;
-	char *retval = NULL;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
-		char *prefix = prefixes->items[i].string;
-		if (!prefixcmp(string, prefix)) {
-			int len = strlen(prefix);
-			if (len > max_len) {
-				retval = prefix;
-				max_len = len;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return retval;
-}
-
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
 {
 	if (list->items) {
@@ -230,15 +212,20 @@ struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list,
 			list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string);
 }
 
+/* Yuck */
+static compare_strings_fn compare_for_qsort;
+
+/* Only call this from inside sort_string_list! */
 static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
 	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
-	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+	return compare_for_qsort(one->string, two->string);
 }
 
 void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
 {
+	compare_for_qsort = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
 }
 
@@ -246,8 +233,10 @@ struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string)
 {
 	int i;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
+		if (!cmp(string, list->items[i].string))
 			return list->items + i;
 	return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index c50b0d0dea..de6769c92d 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@ struct string_list_item {
 	char *string;
 	void *util;
 };
+
+typedef int (*compare_strings_fn)(const char *, const char *);
+
 struct string_list {
 	struct string_list_item *items;
 	unsigned int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp; /* NULL uses strcmp() */
 };
 
 #define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
@@ -45,15 +49,6 @@ void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
  */
 void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
 
-/*
- * Return the longest string in prefixes that is a prefix (in the
- * sense of prefixcmp()) of string, or NULL if no such prefix exists.
- * This function does not require the string_list to be sorted (it
- * does a linear search).
- */
-char *string_list_longest_prefix(const struct string_list *prefixes, const char *string);
-
-
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 2f55436234..1905d75b2b 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "blob.h"
 
 static struct string_list config_name_for_path;
 static struct string_list config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name;
@@ -30,6 +31,118 @@ static struct sha1_array ref_tips_after_fetch;
  */
 static int gitmodules_is_unmerged;
 
+/*
+ * This flag is set if the .gitmodules file had unstaged modifications on
+ * startup. This must be checked before allowing modifications to the
+ * .gitmodules file with the intention to stage them later, because when
+ * continuing we would stage the modifications the user didn't stage herself
+ * too. That might change in a future version when we learn to stage the
+ * changes we do ourselves without staging any previous modifications.
+ */
+static int gitmodules_is_modified;
+
+
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void)
+{
+	return !gitmodules_is_modified;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to update the "path" entry in the "submodule.<name>" section of the
+ * .gitmodules file. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<oldpath> setting was found and we could update it.
+ */
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+	struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, oldpath);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), oldpath);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, path_option->util);
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(".gitmodules", entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&entry);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&entry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to remove the "submodule.<name>" section from .gitmodules where the given
+ * path is configured. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<path> setting was found and we could remove it.
+ */
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sect = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, path);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, path_option->util);
+	if (git_config_rename_section_in_file(".gitmodules", sect.buf, NULL) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"), path);
+		strbuf_release(&sect);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sect);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	int pos;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int namelen = strlen(".gitmodules");
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(".gitmodules", namelen);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		warning(_("could not find .gitmodules in index"));
+		return;
+	}
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, ".gitmodules", 0) < 0)
+		die(_("reading updated .gitmodules failed"));
+	if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("unable to stat updated .gitmodules"));
+	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+	if (remove_cache_entry_at(pos) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to remove .gitmodules from index"));
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, blob_type, ce->sha1))
+		die(_("adding updated .gitmodules failed"));
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE))
+		die(_("staging updated .gitmodules failed"));
+}
+
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -116,6 +229,11 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 				    !memcmp(ce->name, ".gitmodules", 11))
 					gitmodules_is_unmerged = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) == 0 &&
+			    ce_match_stat(active_cache[pos], &st, 0) & DATA_CHANGED)
+				gitmodules_is_modified = 1;
 		}
 
 		if (!gitmodules_is_unmerged)
@@ -126,45 +244,50 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	int len;
 	struct string_list_item *config;
-	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name, *key;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "submodule", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
+		return 0;
 
-	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
+	if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 
-	len = strlen(var);
-	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
 		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
 		if (config)
 			free(config->util);
 		else
 			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
-		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		config->util = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		char *name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
 		if (!config)
-			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
+		else
+			free(name_cstr);
 		config->util = (void *)(intptr_t)parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "ignore")) {
+		char *name_cstr;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+
 		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
 		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
 			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (config)
+		name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
+		if (config) {
 			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+			free(name_cstr);
+		} else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
 		config->util = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -217,6 +340,7 @@ static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
 }
 
 static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
@@ -226,7 +350,9 @@ static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, line_prefix);
 		if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
 			if (del)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
@@ -257,12 +383,13 @@ int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
 }
 
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
 		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct commit *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
@@ -276,23 +403,23 @@ void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
 	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
 		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
 		message = "(commits not present)";
-
-	if (!message &&
-	    prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
-					&fast_forward, &fast_backward))
+	else if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
+					   &fast_forward, &fast_backward))
 		message = "(revision walker failed)";
 
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains untracked content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains untracked content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains modified content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains modified content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 
 	if (!hashcmp(one, two)) {
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%sSubmodule %s %s..", meta, path,
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%sSubmodule %s %s..", line_prefix, meta, path,
 			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
 		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
@@ -303,11 +430,12 @@ void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
 		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:%s\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "", reset);
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
 
-	if (!message) {
-		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, del, add, reset);
+	if (!message) /* only NULL if we succeeded in setting up the walk */
+		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, line_prefix, del, add, reset);
+	if (left)
 		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+	if (right)
 		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
@@ -600,9 +728,8 @@ int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 	if (!work_tree)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (!the_index.initialized)
-		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("index file corrupt");
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
 
 	argv_array_push(&argv, "fetch");
 	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
@@ -621,7 +748,7 @@ int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 		struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		const char *git_dir, *name, *default_argv;
 
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
@@ -843,7 +970,7 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
 {
 	int i, j;
-	struct object_array merges;
+	struct object_array merges = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int contains_another;
 
@@ -853,7 +980,6 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
 
-	memset(&merges, 0, sizeof(merges));
 	memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
 	memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
 
@@ -891,8 +1017,7 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		}
 
 		if (!contains_another)
-			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item,
-					 merges.objects[i].name, result);
+			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item, NULL, result);
 	}
 
 	free(merges.objects);
@@ -1003,3 +1128,34 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 	free(merges.objects);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/* Update gitfile and core.worktree setting to connect work tree and git dir */
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir)
+{
+	struct strbuf file_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *real_work_tree = xstrdup(real_path(work_tree));
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	/* Update gitfile */
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/.git", work_tree);
+	fp = fopen(file_name.buf, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		die(_("Could not create git link %s"), file_name.buf);
+	fprintf(fp, "gitdir: %s\n", relative_path(git_dir, real_work_tree,
+						  &rel_path));
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	/* Update core.worktree setting */
+	strbuf_reset(&file_name);
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/config", git_dir);
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(file_name.buf, "core.worktree",
+				   relative_path(real_work_tree, git_dir,
+						 &rel_path)))
+		die(_("Could not set core.worktree in %s"),
+		    file_name.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&file_name);
+	strbuf_release(&rel_path);
+	free((void *)real_work_tree);
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 3dc1b3fe89..7beec4822b 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ enum {
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON = 2
 };
 
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void);
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path);
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void);
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 		const char *path);
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
 int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
 		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
@@ -35,5 +40,6 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned c
 int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name,
 		struct string_list *needs_pushing);
 int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/t/.gitattributes b/t/.gitattributes
index 1b97c5465b..2d44088f56 100644
--- a/t/.gitattributes
+++ b/t/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/* -whitespace
+t0110/url-* binary
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index 3025418ff5..2373a04f7a 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -13,9 +13,18 @@ TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
 PROVE ?= prove
 DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = $(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/test-results
+else
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = test-results
+endif
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY))
 
 T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
 TSVN = $(sort $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
@@ -34,16 +43,16 @@ $(T):
 	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
 
 pre-clean:
-	$(RM) -r test-results
+	$(RM) -r '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 
 clean-except-prove-cache:
-	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
 
 clean: clean-except-prove-cache
 	$(RM) .prove
 
-test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test-lint-duplicates:
 	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
@@ -55,12 +64,15 @@ test-lint-executable:
 		test -z "$$bad" || { \
 		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
 
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T)
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
 
 aggregate-results:
-	for f in test-results/t*-*.counts; do \
+	for f in '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'/t*-*.counts; do \
 		echo "$$f"; \
 	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./aggregate-results.sh
 
@@ -78,42 +90,4 @@ valgrind:
 perf:
 	$(MAKE) -C perf/ all
 
-# Smoke testing targets
--include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-
-test-results:
-	mkdir -p test-results
-
-test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz: test-results
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./harness \
-		--archive="test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz" \
-		$(T)
-
-smoke: test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS =
-ifdef SMOKE_USERNAME
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F username="$(SMOKE_USERNAME)" -F password="$(SMOKE_PASSWORD)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_COMMENT
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F comments="$(SMOKE_COMMENT)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_TAGS
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F tags="$(SMOKE_TAGS)"
-endif
-
-smoke_report: smoke
-	curl \
-		-H "Expect: " \
-		-F project=Git \
-		-F architecture="$(uname_M)" \
-		-F platform="$(uname_S)" \
-		-F revision="$(GIT_VERSION)" \
-		-F report_file=@test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz \
-		$(SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS) \
-		http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/process_add_report/1 \
-	| grep -v ^Redirecting
-
 .PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind perf
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index e4128e5769..2167125008 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 	command being run and their output if any are also
 	output.
 
+--verbose-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --verbose, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --debug::
 	This may help the person who is developing a new test.
 	It causes the command defined with test_debug to run.
@@ -86,29 +91,46 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 
 --immediate::
 	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
-	failed test.
+	failed test. Cleanup commands requested with
+	test_when_finished are not executed if the test failed,
+	in order to keep the state for inspection by the tester
+	to diagnose the bug.
 
 --long-tests::
 	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
 	available), for more exhaustive testing.
 
---valgrind::
-	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
-	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
-	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
-	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+--valgrind=<tool>::
+	Execute all Git binaries under valgrind tool <tool> and exit
+	with status 126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will
+	only stop the test script when running under -i).
 
 	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
 	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
 	convenience, it also implies --tee.
 
-	Note that valgrind is run with the option --leak-check=no,
+	<tool> defaults to 'memcheck', just like valgrind itself.
+	Other particularly useful choices include 'helgrind' and
+	'drd', but you may use any tool recognized by your valgrind
+	installation.
+
+	As a special case, <tool> can be 'memcheck-fast', which uses
+	memcheck but disables --track-origins.  Use this if you are
+	running tests in bulk, to see if there are _any_ memory
+	issues.
+
+	Note that memcheck is run with the option --leak-check=no,
 	as the git process is short-lived and some errors are not
 	interesting. In order to run a single command under the same
 	conditions manually, you should set GIT_VALGRIND to point to
 	the 't/valgrind/' directory and use the commands under
 	't/valgrind/bin/'.
 
+--valgrind-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --valgrind, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --tee::
 	In addition to printing the test output to the terminal,
 	write it to files named 't/test-results/$TEST_NAME.out'.
@@ -312,6 +334,9 @@ Don't:
    use 'test_must_fail git cmd'.  This will signal a failure if git
    dies in an unexpected way (e.g. segfault).
 
+   On the other hand, don't use test_must_fail for running regular
+   platform commands; just use '! cmd'.
+
  - use perl without spelling it as "$PERL_PATH". This is to help our
    friends on Windows where the platform Perl often adds CR before
    the end of line, and they bundle Git with a version of Perl that
@@ -580,6 +605,20 @@ library for your script to use.
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
+ - test_ln_s_add <path1> <path2>
+
+   This function helps systems whose filesystem does not support symbolic
+   links. Use it to add a symbolic link entry to the index when it is not
+   important that the file system entry is a symbolic link, i.e., instead
+   of the sequence
+
+	ln -s foo bar &&
+	git add bar
+
+   Sometimes it is possible to split a test in a part that does not need
+   the symbolic link in the file system and a part that does; then only
+   the latter part need be protected by a SYMLINKS prerequisite (see below).
+
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
@@ -610,6 +649,11 @@ use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
    The process retains the same pid across exec(2). See fb9a2bea for
    details.
 
+ - PIPE
+
+   The filesystem we're on supports creation of FIFOs (named pipes)
+   via mkfifo(1).
+
  - SYMLINKS
 
    The filesystem we're on supports symbolic links. E.g. a FAT
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
index c56a77d237..99caa42f5c 100644
--- a/t/annotate-tests.sh
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -2,11 +2,21 @@
 # sourced from t8001-annotate.sh and t8002-blame.sh.
 
 check_count () {
-	head=
-	case "$1" in -h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;; esac
-	echo "$PROG file $head" >&4
-	$PROG file $head >.result || return 1
-	cat .result | perl -e '
+	head= &&
+	file='file' &&
+	options= &&
+	while :
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-f) file="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-*) options="$options $1"; shift ;;
+		*) break ;;
+		esac
+	done &&
+	echo "$PROG $options $file $head" >&4 &&
+	$PROG $options $file $head >actual &&
+	perl -e '
 		my %expect = (@ARGV);
 		my %count = map { $_ => 0 } keys %expect;
 		while (<STDIN>) {
@@ -31,107 +41,492 @@ check_count () {
 			print STDERR "Author $author (expected $value, attributed $count) $ok\n";
 		}
 		exit($bad);
-	' "$@"
+	' "$@" <actual
 }
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'check all lines blamed on A' \
-    'check_count A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
-    'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" git commit -a -m "Second."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 1' \
-    'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-     echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
-     echo "well." >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 2' \
-    'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
-     sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 3' \
-    'git pull . branch1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master^ A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 4' \
-    'echo "evil merge." >>file &&
-     git commit -a --amend'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2, one on A U Thor' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an incomplete line added' \
-    'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'With incomplete lines.' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'mv file file.orig &&
-    {
-	cat file.orig &&
-	echo
-    } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
-    echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" git commit -a -m "edit"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an obfuscated email added' \
-    'echo "No robots allowed" > file.new &&
-     cat file >> file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" git commit -a -m "norobots"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'obfuscated email parsed' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup A lines' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 1 author' '
+	check_count A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B lines' '
+	echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B1 lines (branch1)' '
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >>file &&
+	echo "well." >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch1 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B2 lines (branch2)' '
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" <file >file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch2 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge branch1 & branch2' '
+	git pull . branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 2 merged-in authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame great-ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master^ A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup evil merge' '
+	echo "evil merge." >>file &&
+	git commit -a --amend
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame evil merge' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incomplete line' '
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Incomplete"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame incomplete line' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup edits' '
+	mv file file.orig &&
+	{
+		cat file.orig &&
+		echo
+	} | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" >file &&
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "edit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame edits' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup obfuscated email' '
+	echo "No robots allowed" >file.new &&
+	cat file >>file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" \
+	git commit -a -m "norobots"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame obfuscated email' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 (all)' '
+	check_count -L1 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L , (all)' '
+	check_count -L, A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5 B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X, (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5, B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (up to Y)' '
+	check_count -L,3 A 1 B2 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,X' '
+	check_count -L3,3 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y' '
+	check_count -L3,6 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L Y,X (undocumented)' '
+	check_count -L6,3 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L -X' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L-1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+1' '
+	check_count -L3,+1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N' '
+	check_count -L3,+4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-1' '
+	check_count -L3,-1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N' '
+	check_count -L6,-4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (RE to end)' '
+	check_count -L/evil/ C 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,/RE2/' '
+	check_count -L/robot/,/green/ A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,/RE/' '
+	check_count -L5,/evil/ B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,Y' '
+	check_count -L/99/,7 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,+N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,+3 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,-N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,-3 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+# 'file' ends with an incomplete line, so 'wc' reports one fewer lines than
+# git-blame sees, hence the last line is actually $(wc...)+1.
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L,$n A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L6,7 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L6,7 -L2,3 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L4,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L4,5 -L2,3 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping)' '
+	check_count -L2,4 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,4 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset)' '
+	check_count -L2,8 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,8 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L/fox/ B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L/dog/ A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L1,1 -L/dog/,+1 A 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L/dog/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L/$/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^/tambourine/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n -L^/$/,+2 A 1 C 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup -L :regex' '
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+	{
+	Qputs("hello");
+	}
+	EOF
+	git add hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="F" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="F@test.git" \
+	git commit -m "hello" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	sed -e "/}/ {x; s/$/Qputs(\"goodbye\");/; G;}" <hello.orig |
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="G" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="G@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "goodbye" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	echo "#include <stdio.h>" >hello.c &&
+	cat hello.orig >>hello.c &&
+	tr Q "\\t" >>hello.c <<-\EOF
+	void mail()
+	{
+	Qputs("mail");
+	}
+	EOF
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="H" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="H@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "mail"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :literal' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:main F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :regex' '
+	check_count -f hello.c "-L:m[a-z][a-z]l" H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :nomatch' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L:nomatch hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L:ma.. F 1 H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3,3 -L:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L:main hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <hello.c)) &&
+	check_count -f hello.c -L$n -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1 H 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incremental' '
+	(
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=I &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=I@test.git &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	>incremental &&
+	git add incremental &&
+	git commit -m "step 0" &&
+	printf "partial" >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 0.5" &&
+	echo >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame empty' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^^ -f incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame full' '
+	check_count -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 full' '
+	check_count -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (non-numeric X)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -LX file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y (non-numeric Y)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,Y file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,^/RE/' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,^/99/ file
+'
diff --git a/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..45971f43b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Test t0000..t9999.sh for non portable shell scripts
+# This script can be called with one or more filenames as parameters
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code=0;
+
+sub err {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $msg: $_\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+while (<>) {
+	chomp;
+	/^\s*sed\s+-i/ and err 'sed -i is not portable';
+	/^\s*echo\s+-n/ and err 'echo -n is not portable (please use printf)';
+	/^\s*declare\s+/ and err 'arrays/declare not portable';
+	/^\s*[^#]\s*which\s/ and err 'which is not portable (please use type)';
+	/test\s+[^=]*==/ and err '"test a == b" is not portable (please use =)';
+	/^\s*export\s+[^=]*=/ and err '"export FOO=bar" is not portable (please use FOO=bar && export FOO)';
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
+}
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
index ae2dc4604f..9e381e000f 100644
--- a/t/gitweb-lib.sh
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ EOF
 
 	# You can set the GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 	# the gitwebdir (the directory where gitweb is installed / deployed to)
-	# of an existing gitweb instalation to test that installation,
+	# of an existing gitweb installation to test that installation,
 	# or simply to pathname of installed gitweb script.
 	if test -n "$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
 		if test -d $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED; then
diff --git a/t/lib-gettext.sh b/t/lib-gettext.sh
index 0f76f6cdc0..ae8883a075 100644
--- a/t/lib-gettext.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gettext.sh
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ export GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR GIT_PO_PATH
 if test_have_prereq GETTEXT && ! test_have_prereq GETTEXT_POISON
 then
 	# is_IS.UTF-8 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.utf8 on Debian
-	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
 	# is_IS.ISO8859-1 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.iso88591 on Debian
-	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
+	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
diff --git a/t/lib-git-p4.sh b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
index 7061dce7e5..ccd918e79e 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-p4.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=NoThanks
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
@@ -17,6 +18,24 @@ fi
 	test_done
 }
 
+# On cygwin, the NT version of Perforce can be used.  When giving
+# it paths, either on the command-line or in client specifications,
+# be sure to use the native windows form.
+#
+# Older versions of perforce were available compiled natively for
+# cygwin.  Those do not accept native windows paths, so make sure
+# not to convert for them.
+native_path() {
+	path="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && ! p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		path=$(cygpath --windows "$path")
+	else
+		path=$(test-path-utils real_path "$path")
+	fi &&
+	echo "$path"
+}
+
 # Try to pick a unique port: guess a large number, then hope
 # no more than one of each test is running.
 #
@@ -29,10 +48,11 @@ P4DPORT=$((10669 + ($testid - $git_p4_test_start)))
 P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
 P4CLIENT=client
 P4EDITOR=:
-export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4EDITOR
+unset P4CHARSET
+export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4EDITOR P4CHARSET
 
 db="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/db"
-cli=$(test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli")
+cli="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli"
 git="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/git"
 pidfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4d.pid"
 
@@ -40,8 +60,11 @@ start_p4d() {
 	mkdir -p "$db" "$cli" "$git" &&
 	rm -f "$pidfile" &&
 	(
-		p4d -q -r "$db" -p $P4DPORT &
-		echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		cd "$db" &&
+		{
+			p4d -q -p $P4DPORT &
+			echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		}
 	) &&
 
 	# This gives p4d a long time to start up, as it can be
@@ -74,15 +97,8 @@ start_p4d() {
 	fi
 
 	# build a client
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View: //depot/... //client/...
-		EOF
-	)
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+
 	return 0
 }
 
@@ -123,13 +139,26 @@ marshal_dump() {
 client_view() {
 	(
 		cat <<-EOF &&
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
 		Root: $cli
+		AltRoots: $(native_path "$cli")
+		LineEnd: unix
 		View:
 		EOF
-		for arg ; do
-			printf "\t$arg\n"
-		done
+		printf "\t%s\n" "$@"
 	) | p4 client -i
 }
+
+is_cli_file_writeable() {
+	# cygwin version of p4 does not set read-only attr,
+	# will be marked 444 but -w is true
+	file="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		stat=$(stat --format=%a "$file") &&
+		test $stat = 644
+	else
+		test -w "$file"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 199f22c231..c5e55b190b 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ stop_httpd () {
 convert_to_rev_db () {
 	"$PERL_PATH" -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
 use strict;
-@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+@ARGV == 2 or die "usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
 open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
 open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
 my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
index 83855fa4e1..1a3c2d487c 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
index 8fed1339ed..95d249f15f 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
index d831cd9eb3..82dca8f80b 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
index abace962b8..4879ae9a84 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
index 02f442bfad..54dbbfe5ce 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd.sh
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ fi
 prepare_httpd() {
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 	cp "$TEST_PATH"/passwd "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
+	cp "$TEST_PATH"/broken-smart-http.sh "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
 
 	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
 
@@ -140,10 +141,11 @@ stop_httpd() {
 		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA -k stop
 }
 
-test_http_push_nonff() {
+test_http_push_nonff () {
 	REMOTE_REPO=$1
 	LOCAL_REPO=$2
 	BRANCH=$3
+	EXPECT_CAS_RESULT=${4-failure}
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push fails' '
 		cd "$REMOTE_REPO" &&
@@ -166,6 +168,22 @@ test_http_push_nonff() {
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push shows help message' '
 		test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" output
 	'
+
+	test_expect_${EXPECT_CAS_RESULT} 'force with lease aka cas' '
+		HEAD=$(	cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD ) &&
+		test_when_finished '\''
+			(cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git update-ref HEAD "$HEAD")
+		'\'' &&
+		(
+			cd "$LOCAL_REPO" &&
+			git push -v --force-with-lease=$BRANCH:$HEAD origin
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "$BRANCH" >expect &&
+		(
+			cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+		) >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
 }
 
 setup_askpass_helper() {
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
index fe76e84b74..397c480401 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ServerName dummy
-LockFile accept.lock
 PidFile httpd.pid
 DocumentRoot www
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
@@ -23,6 +22,13 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_version.c>
 	LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_headers.c>
+	LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
+</IfModule>
+
+<IfVersion < 2.4>
+LockFile accept.lock
+</IfVersion>
 
 <IfVersion < 2.1>
 <IfModule !mod_auth.c>
@@ -40,6 +46,24 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_authz_user.c>
 	LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_host.c>
+	LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
+</IfModule>
+</IfVersion>
+
+<IfVersion >= 2.4>
+<IfModule !mod_authn_core.c>
+	LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
+	LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_access_compat.c>
+	LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_mpm_prefork.c>
+	LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
+</IfModule>
 </IfVersion>
 
 PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND
@@ -61,10 +85,24 @@ Alias /auth/dumb/ www/auth/dumb/
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_NAME "Custom User"
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL custom@example.com
 </LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_namespace/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_NAMESPACE ns
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_cookies/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	Header set Set-Cookie name=value
+</LocationMatch>
 ScriptAliasMatch /smart_*[^/]*/(.*) ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /broken_smart/ broken-smart-http.sh/
 <Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
 	Options FollowSymlinks
 </Directory>
+<Files broken-smart-http.sh>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
 <Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
 	Options ExecCGI
 </Files>
@@ -106,6 +144,21 @@ SSLEngine On
 	Require valid-user
 </LocationMatch>
 
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/half-auth-complete/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<Location /half-auth-complete/>
+  Order Deny,Allow
+  Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Git Access"
+  AuthUserFile passwd
+  Require valid-user
+  Satisfy Any
+</Location>
+
 <IfDefine DAV>
 	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
 	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f7ebfffa80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+printf "Content-Type: text/%s\n" "html"
+echo
+printf "%s\n" "001e# service=git-upload-pack"
+printf "%s"   "0000"
+printf "%s%c%s%s\n" \
+	"00a58681d9f286a48b08f37b3a095330da16689e3693 HEAD" \
+	0 \
+	" include-tag multi_ack_detailed multi_ack ofs-delta" \
+	" side-band side-band-64k thin-pack no-progress shallow no-done "
+printf "%s"   "0000"
diff --git a/t/lib-pack.sh b/t/lib-pack.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e8685b44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Support routines for hand-crafting weird or malicious packs.
+#
+# You can make a complete pack like:
+#
+#   pack_header 2 >foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_trailer foo.pack
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte octal representation of $1
+uint32_octal () {
+	n=$1
+	printf '\%o' $(($n / 16777216)); n=$((n % 16777216))
+	printf '\%o' $(($n /    65536)); n=$((n %    65536))
+	printf '\%o' $(($n /      256)); n=$((n %      256))
+	printf '\%o' $(($n           ));
+}
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte binary representation of $1
+uint32_binary () {
+	printf "$(uint32_octal "$1")"
+}
+
+# Print a pack header, version 2, for a pack with $1 objects
+pack_header () {
+	printf 'PACK' &&
+	printf '\0\0\0\2' &&
+	uint32_binary "$1"
+}
+
+# Print the pack data for object $1, as a delta against object $2 (or as a full
+# object if $2 is missing or empty). The output is suitable for including
+# directly in the packfile, and represents the entirety of the object entry.
+# Doing this on the fly (especially picking your deltas) is quite tricky, so we
+# have hardcoded some well-known objects. See the case statements below for the
+# complete list.
+pack_obj () {
+	case "$1" in
+	# empty blob
+	e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\060\170\234\003\0\0\0\0\1'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\76"
+	e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\267\3\0\0\116\0\106'
+			return
+			;;
+		01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+			printf '\165\1\327\161\66\146\364\336\202\47\166' &&
+			printf '\307\142\54\20\361\260\175\342\200\334\170' &&
+			printf '\234\143\142\142\142\267\003\0\0\151\0\114'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\0"
+	01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\147\0\0\0\20\0\10'
+			return
+			;;
+		e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+			printf '\165\346\217\350\22\233\124\153\20\32\356' &&
+			printf '\225\20\305\62\216\177\41\312\35\30\170\234' &&
+			printf '\143\142\142\142\147\0\0\0\53\0\16'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	echo >&2 "BUG: don't know how to print $1${2:+ (from $2)}"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Compute and append pack trailer to "$1"
+pack_trailer () {
+	test-sha1 -b <"$1" >trailer.tmp &&
+	cat trailer.tmp >>"$1" &&
+	rm -f trailer.tmp
+}
+
+# Remove any existing packs to make sure that
+# whatever we index next will be the pack that we
+# actually use.
+clear_packs () {
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/*
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6ccf797091..8ff87fb3f9 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -17,51 +17,98 @@
 #       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
 #       from the specified line.
 #
+#   "exec_cmd_with_args" -- add an "exec cmd with args" line.
+#
 #   "#" -- Add a comment line.
 #
 #   ">" -- Add a blank line.
 
 set_fake_editor () {
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
-	cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
-case "$1" in
-*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
-	test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
-		test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	case "$1" in
+	*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+		test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
+			test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+			exit
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
 		exit
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
-	exit
-	;;
-esac
-test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
-	test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
-	exit
-test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
-grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
-rm -f "$1"
-echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
-cat "$1".tmp
-action=pick
-for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
-	case $line in
-	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
-		action="$line";;
-	exec*)
-		echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
-	"#")
-		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
-	">")
-		echo >> "$1";;
-	*)
-		sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
-		action=pick;;
+		;;
 	esac
-done
-echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
-cat "$1"
-EOF
+	test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
+		test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
+		exit
+	test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
+	grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
+	rm -f "$1"
+	echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
+	cat "$1".tmp
+	action=pick
+	for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
+		case $line in
+		squash|fixup|edit|reword)
+			action="$line";;
+		exec*)
+			echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
+		"#")
+			echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
+		">")
+			echo >> "$1";;
+		*)
+			sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
+			action=pick;;
+		esac
+	done
+	echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
+	cat "$1"
+	EOF
+
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+}
+
+# After set_cat_todo_editor, rebase -i will write the todo list (ignoring
+# blank lines and comments) to stdout, and exit failure (so you should run
+# it with test_must_fail).  This can be used to verify the expected user
+# experience, for todo list changes that do not affect the outcome of
+# rebase; or as an extra check in addition to checking the outcome.
 
+set_cat_todo_editor () {
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	grep "^[^#]" "$1"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
-	chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+}
+
+# checks that the revisions in "$2" represent a linear range with the
+# subjects in "$1"
+test_linear_range () {
+	revlist_merges=$(git rev-list --merges "$2") &&
+	test -z "$revlist_merges" &&
+	expected=$1
+	set -- $(git log --reverse --format=%s "$2")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+reset_rebase () {
+	test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f
+}
+
+cherry_pick () {
+	git cherry-pick -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+revert () {
+	git revert -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+make_empty () {
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-t6000.sh b/t/lib-t6000.sh
index ea25dd89e5..3f2d873fec 100644
--- a/t/lib-t6000.sh
+++ b/t/lib-t6000.sh
@@ -1,55 +1,50 @@
 : included from 6002 and others
 
-[ -d .git/refs/tags ] || mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
+mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
 
-:> sed.script
+>sed.script
 
-# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git or .git/refs/tags
-tag()
-{
+# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git/refs/tags
+tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -f .git/refs/tags/$_tag ] || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
-	cat .git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	test -f ".git/refs/tags/$_tag" || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
+	cat ".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 }
 
 # Generate a commit using the text specified to make it unique and the tree
 # named by the tag specified.
-unique_commit()
-{
+unique_commit () {
 	_text=$1
-        _tree=$2
+	_tree=$2
 	shift 2
-	echo $_text | git commit-tree $(tag $_tree) "$@"
+	echo "$_text" | git commit-tree $(tag "$_tree") "$@"
 }
 
 # Save the output of a command into the tag specified. Prepend
 # a substitution script for the tag onto the front of sed.script
-save_tag()
-{
+save_tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -n "$_tag" ] || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
+	test -n "$_tag" || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
 	shift 1
-	"$@" >.git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	"$@" >".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 
-        echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" > sed.script.tmp
-	cat sed.script >> sed.script.tmp
+	echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" >sed.script.tmp
+	cat sed.script >>sed.script.tmp
 	rm sed.script
 	mv sed.script.tmp sed.script
 }
 
-# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashses with their symbolic equivalents
-entag()
-{
+# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashes with their symbolic equivalents
+entag () {
 	sed -f sed.script
 }
 
 # Execute a command after first saving, then setting the GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 # tag to a specified value. Restore the original value on return.
-as_author()
-{
+as_author () {
 	_author=$1
 	shift 1
-        _save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	_save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_author"
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -63,45 +58,58 @@ as_author()
 	fi
 }
 
-commit_date()
-{
-        _commit=$1
-	git cat-file commit $_commit | sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
+commit_date () {
+	_commit=$1
+	git cat-file commit $_commit |
+	sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
 }
 
-on_committer_date()
-{
-    _date=$1
-    shift 1
-    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$_date"
-    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-    "$@"
-    unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+# Assign the value of fake date to a variable, but
+# allow fairly common "1971-08-16 00:00" to be omittd
+assign_fake_date () {
+	case "$2" in
+	??:??:??)	eval "$1='1971-08-16 $2'" ;;
+	??:??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:$2'" ;;
+	??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:00:$2'" ;;
+	*)		eval "$1='$2'" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+on_committer_date () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	shift 1
+	"$@"
+}
+
+on_dates () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	assign_fake_date GIT_AUTHOR_DATE "$2"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	shift 2
+	"$@"
 }
 
 # Execute a command and suppress any error output.
-hide_error()
-{
+hide_error () {
 	"$@" 2>/dev/null
 }
 
-check_output()
-{
+check_output () {
 	_name=$1
 	shift 1
-	if eval "$*" | entag > $_name.actual
+	if eval "$*" | entag >"$_name.actual"
 	then
-		test_cmp $_name.expected $_name.actual
+		test_cmp "$_name.expected" "$_name.actual"
 	else
-		return 1;
+		return 1
 	fi
 }
 
 # Turn a reasonable test description into a reasonable test name.
 # All alphanums translated into -'s which are then compressed and stripped
 # from front and back.
-name_from_description()
-{
+name_from_description () {
 	perl -pe '
 		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
 		s/-+/-/g;
@@ -119,9 +127,11 @@ name_from_description()
 test_output_expect_success()
 {
 	_description=$1
-        _test=$2
-        [ $# -eq 2 ] || error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
-        _name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
-	cat > $_name.expected
+	_test=$2
+	test $# -eq 2 ||
+	error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
+
+	_name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
+	cat >"$_name.expected"
 	test_expect_success "$_description" "check_output $_name \"$_test\""
 }
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
index b2dbad4d50..8848c14619 100644
--- a/t/perf/README
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ You can set the following variables (also in your config.mak):
 
     GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
 	Number of times a test should be repeated for best-of-N
-	measurements.  Defaults to 5.
+	measurements.  Defaults to 3.
 
     GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	Options to use when automatically building a git tree for
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ You can set the following variables (also in your config.mak):
     GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO
 	Repositories to copy for the performance tests.  The normal
 	repo should be at least git.git size.  The large repo should
-	probably be about linux-2.6.git size for optimal results.
+	probably be about linux.git size for optimal results.
 	Both default to the git.git you are running from.
 
 You can also pass the options taken by ordinary git tests; the most
diff --git a/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9180ae9343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests performance of reading the index"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+count=1000
+test_perf "read_cache/discard_cache $count times" "
+	test-read-cache $count
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3d074b0e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests log -L performance'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+# Pick a file to log pseudo-randomly.  The sort key is the blob hash,
+# so it is stable.
+test_expect_success 'select a file' '
+	git ls-tree HEAD | grep ^100644 |
+	sort -k 3 | head -1 | cut -f 2 >filelist
+'
+
+file=$(cat filelist)
+export file
+
+test_perf 'git rev-list --topo-order (baseline)' '
+	git rev-list --topo-order HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log --follow (baseline for -M)' '
+	git log --oneline --follow -- "$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -L' '
+	git log -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -M -L' '
+	git log -M -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index a816fbcb76..f4eecaa171 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ exit $ret' >&3 2>&4
 
 
 test_perf () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ test_perf () {
 		echo "$test_count" >>"$perf_results_dir"/$base.subtests
 		echo "$1" >"$perf_results_dir"/$base.$test_count.descr
 		if test -z "$verbose"; then
-			echo -n "perf $test_count - $1:"
+			printf "%s" "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		else
 			echo "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		fi
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ test_perf () {
 			if test_run_perf_ "$2"
 			then
 				if test -z "$verbose"; then
-					echo -n " $i"
+					printf " %s" "$i"
 				else
 					echo "* timing run $i/$GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT:"
 				fi
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ test_perf () {
 		base="$perf_results_dir"/"$perf_results_prefix$(basename "$0" .sh)"."$test_count"
 		"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/perf/min_time.perl test_time.* >"$base".times
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # We extend test_done to print timings at the end (./run disables this
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index 562cf41cad..10be52beed 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -45,39 +45,236 @@ test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' '
 	false
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage (run in sub test-lib)' "
-	mkdir passing-todo &&
-	(cd passing-todo &&
-	cat >passing-todo.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-	test_description='A passing TODO test
+run_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" descr="$2" # stdin is the body of the test code
+	shift 2
+	mkdir "$name" &&
+	(
+		# Pretend we're a test harness.  This prevents
+		# test-lib from writing the counts to a file that will
+		# later be summarized, showing spurious "failed" tests
+		HARNESS_ACTIVE=t &&
+		export HARNESS_ACTIVE &&
+		cd "$name" &&
+		cat >"$name.sh" <<-EOF &&
+		#!$SHELL_PATH
+
+		test_description='$descr (run in sub test-lib)
+
+		This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
+		passing metrics
+		'
+
+		# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+		. "\$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib.sh
+		EOF
+		cat >>"$name.sh" &&
+		chmod +x "$name.sh" &&
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY &&
+		./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+	)
+}
 
-	This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
-	passing metrics
-	'
+check_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		! test -s err &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect out
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a fully passing test suite' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test full-pass '3 passing tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test full-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # passed all 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
 
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a partially passing test suite' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		partial-pass '2/3 tests passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #1' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test #2' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #3' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partial-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> not ok 2 - failing test #2
+	#	false
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
 
-	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
-		:
-	'
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo 'A failing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
+"
 
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo 'A passing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
 	test_done
 	EOF
-	chmod +x passing-todo.sh &&
-	./passing-todo.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	sed -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage
-	> # fixed 1 known breakage(s)
-	> # passed all 1 test(s)
+	check_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
 	> 1..1
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out)
 "
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed one of two known breakages (run in sub test-lib)' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos \
+		'2 TODO tests, one passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'pretend we have a passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed another known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 2 - pretend we have a passing test
+	> ok 3 - pretend we have fixed another known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a pass, fail, and known breakage' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results1 'mixed results #1' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results1 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 3 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 1 among remaining 2 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a mix of all possible results' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results2 'mixed results #2' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results2 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> ok 2 - passing test
+	> ok 3 - passing test
+	> ok 4 - passing test
+	> not ok 5 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 6 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 7 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 8 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> not ok 9 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 10 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 2 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 3 among remaining 7 test(s)
+	> 1..10
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	mv test-verbose/out test-verbose/out+
+	grep -v "^Initialized empty" test-verbose/out+ >test-verbose/out &&
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose <<-\EOF
+	> expecting success: true
+	> Z
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> Z
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: false
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> Z
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose-only' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
+		--verbose-only=2 <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> Z
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_set_prereq HAVEIT
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
@@ -159,19 +356,8 @@ then
 fi
 
 test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
-	mkdir failing-cleanup &&
-	(
-	cd failing-cleanup &&
-
-	cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-	test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
-
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
-
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		failing-cleanup 'Failing tests with cleanup commands' <<-\\EOF &&
 	test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
 		touch clean-after-failure &&
 		test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
@@ -181,29 +367,21 @@ test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
 		test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	'
 	test_done
-
 	EOF
-
-	chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
-	test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
-	sed -e 's/Z$//' -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-cleanup <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - tests clean up even after a failure
 	> #	Z
 	> #	touch clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	(exit 1)
 	> #	Z
-	> not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+	> not ok 2 - failure to clean up causes the test to fail
 	> #	Z
 	> #	test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	> #	Z
 	> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
 	> 1..2
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out
-	)
 "
 
 ################################################################
@@ -249,22 +427,6 @@ test_expect_success 'validate object ID of a known tree' '
 
 # Various types of objects
 
-# Some filesystems do not support symblic links; on such systems
-# some expected values are different
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	expectfilter=cat
-	expectedtree=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
-	expectedptree1=21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
-	expectedptree2=3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
-else
-	expectfilter='grep -v sym'
-	expectedtree=8e18edf7d7edcf4371a3ac6ae5f07c2641db7c46
-	expectedptree1=cfb8591b2f65de8b8cc1020cd7d9e67e7793b325
-	expectedptree2=ce580448f0148b985a513b693fdf7d802cacb44f
-fi
-
-
 test_expect_success 'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add' '
 	mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3 &&
 	paths="path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3" &&
@@ -272,10 +434,7 @@ test_expect_success 'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add
 		for p in $paths
 		do
 			echo "hello $p" >$p || exit 1
-			if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-			then
-				ln -s "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
-			fi
+			test_ln_s_add "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
 		done
 	) &&
 	find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add
@@ -287,7 +446,7 @@ test_expect_success 'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files output for a known tree' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
 	120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
 	100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
@@ -305,14 +464,14 @@ test_expect_success 'writing tree out with git write-tree' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$tree" = "$expectedtree"
+	test "$tree" = 087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree' '
     git ls-tree $tree >current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
@@ -329,7 +488,7 @@ test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
 	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
@@ -347,7 +506,7 @@ test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' '
 	git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
@@ -369,7 +528,7 @@ test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree1"
+	test "$ptree" = 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
@@ -377,7 +536,7 @@ test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree2"
+	test "$ptree" = 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'put invalid objects into the index' '
@@ -411,7 +570,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent'
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 :100644 100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0
 :120000 120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0sym
 :100644 100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2
@@ -435,7 +594,7 @@ test_expect_success 'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh' '
 '
 
 ################################################################
-P=$expectedtree
+P=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit' '
 	commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index ad66410564..9fb582b192 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -379,6 +379,10 @@ test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
 	test -d realgitdir/refs
 '
 
+test_expect_success 're-init on .git file' '
+	( cd newdir && git init )
+'
+
 test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
 	(
 	cd newdir &&
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index 807b8b88e2..0b98b6f8d0 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ test_expect_success 'root subdir attribute test' '
 
 test_expect_success 'negative patterns' '
 	echo "!f test=bar" >.gitattributes &&
-	test_must_fail git check-attr test -- f
+	git check-attr test -- '"'"'!f'"'"' 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Negative patterns are ignored" errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
@@ -206,6 +207,43 @@ test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
 	attr_check "!f" foo
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"**" test' '
+	echo "**/f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: bar
+a/b/f: foo: bar
+a/b/c/f: foo: bar
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" with no slashes test' '
+	echo "a**f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: unspecified
+af: foo: bar
+axf: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/c/f: foo: unspecified
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "af" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "axf" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
 	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
 	cd bare.git
diff --git a/t/t0005-signals.sh b/t/t0005-signals.sh
index 93e58c00e8..981437b3a8 100755
--- a/t/t0005-signals.sh
+++ b/t/t0005-signals.sh
@@ -20,4 +20,11 @@ test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'signals are propagated using shell convention' '
+	# we use exec here to avoid any sub-shell interpretation
+	# of the exit code
+	git config alias.sigterm "!exec test-sigchain" &&
+	test_expect_code 143 git sigterm
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..181513ab4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=check-ignore
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+init_vars () {
+	global_excludes="$(pwd)/global-excludes"
+}
+
+enable_global_excludes () {
+	init_vars &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$global_excludes"
+}
+
+expect_in () {
+	dest="$HOME/expected-$1" text="$2"
+	if test -z "$text"
+	then
+		>"$dest" # avoid newline
+	else
+		echo "$text" >"$dest"
+	fi
+}
+
+expect () {
+	expect_in stdout "$1"
+}
+
+expect_from_stdin () {
+	cat >"$HOME/expected-stdout"
+}
+
+test_stderr () {
+	expected="$1"
+	expect_in stderr "$1" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stderr" "$HOME/stderr"
+}
+
+stderr_contains () {
+	regexp="$1"
+	if grep "$regexp" "$HOME/stderr"
+	then
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo "didn't find /$regexp/ in $HOME/stderr"
+		cat "$HOME/stderr"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+stderr_empty_on_success () {
+	expect_code="$1"
+	if test $expect_code = 0
+	then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		# If we expect failure then stderr might or might not be empty
+		# due to --quiet - the caller can check its contents
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+test_check_ignore () {
+	args="$1" expect_code="${2:-0}" global_args="$3"
+
+	init_vars &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stdout" "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo "$expect_code" >"$HOME/expected-exit-code" &&
+	test_expect_code "$expect_code" \
+		git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/stdout" 2>"$HOME/stderr" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stdout" "$HOME/stdout" &&
+	stderr_empty_on_success "$expect_code"
+}
+
+# Runs the same code with 4 different levels of output verbosity:
+#
+#   1. with -q / --quiet
+#   2. with default verbosity
+#   3. with -v / --verbose
+#   4. with -v / --verbose, *and* -n / --non-matching
+#
+# expecting success each time.  Takes advantage of the fact that
+# check-ignore --verbose output is the same as normal output except
+# for the extra first column.
+#
+# A parameter is used to determine if the tests are run with the
+# normal case (using the index), or with the --no-index option.
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   - (optional) prereqs for this test, e.g. 'SYMLINKS'
+#   - test name
+#   - output to expect from the fourth verbosity mode (the output
+#     from the other verbosity modes is automatically inferred
+#     from this value)
+#   - code to run (should invoke test_check_ignore)
+#   - index option: --index or --no-index
+test_expect_success_multiple () {
+	prereq=
+	if test $# -eq 5
+	then
+		prereq=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	if test "$4" = "--index"
+	then
+		no_index_opt=
+	else
+		no_index_opt=$4
+	fi
+	testname="$1" expect_all="$2" code="$3"
+
+	expect_verbose=$( echo "$expect_all" | grep -v '^::	' )
+	expect=$( echo "$expect_verbose" | sed -e 's/.*	//' )
+
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${no_index_opt:+ with $no_index_opt}" '
+		expect "$expect" &&
+		eval "$code"
+	'
+
+	# --quiet is only valid when a single pattern is passed
+	if test $( echo "$expect_all" | wc -l ) = 1
+	then
+		for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+		do
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$quiet_opt"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "
+			expect '' &&
+			$code
+		"
+		done
+		quiet_opt=
+	fi
+
+	for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+	do
+		for non_matching_opt in '' '-n' '--non-matching'
+		do
+			if test -n "$non_matching_opt"
+			then
+				my_expect="$expect_all"
+			else
+				my_expect="$expect_verbose"
+			fi
+
+			test_code="
+				expect '$my_expect' &&
+				$code
+			"
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$verbose_opt${non_matching_opt:+ $non_matching_opt}"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "$test_code"
+		done
+	done
+	verbose_opt=
+	non_matching_opt=
+	no_index_opt=
+}
+
+test_expect_success_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success_no_index_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--no-index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	init_vars &&
+	mkdir -p a/b/ignored-dir a/submodule b &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s b a/symlink
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd a/submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m"commit in submodule"
+	) &&
+	git add a/submodule &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >.gitignore &&
+		one
+		ignored-*
+		top-level-dir/
+	EOF
+	for dir in . a
+	do
+		: >$dir/not-ignored &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-and-untracked &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-but-in-index
+	done &&
+	git add -f ignored-but-in-index a/ignored-but-in-index &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/.gitignore &&
+		two*
+		*three
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/b/.gitignore &&
+		four
+		five
+		# this comment should affect the line numbers
+		six
+		ignored-dir/
+		# and so should this blank line:
+
+		!on*
+		!two
+	EOF
+	echo "seven" >a/b/ignored-dir/.gitignore &&
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >"$global_excludes" &&
+		globalone
+		!globaltwo
+		globalthree
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >>.git/info/exclude
+		per-repo
+	EOF
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test invalid inputs
+
+test_expect_success_multi '. corner-case' '::	.' '
+	test_check_ignore . 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'empty command line' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with empty STDIN' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" 1 </dev/null &&
+	test_stderr ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-q with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+do
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$quiet_opt $verbose_opt" "
+			expect '' &&
+			test_check_ignore '$quiet_opt $verbose_opt foo' 128 &&
+			stderr_contains 'fatal: cannot have both --quiet and --verbose'
+		"
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'erroneous use of --' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin -z with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin -z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin and superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'needs work tree' '' '
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo" 128
+	) &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test standard ignores
+
+# First make sure that the presence of a file in the working tree
+# does not impact results, but that the presence of a file in the
+# index does unless the --no-index option is used.
+
+for subdir in '' 'a/'
+do
+	if test -z "$subdir"
+	then
+		where="at top-level"
+	else
+		where="in subdir $subdir"
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing tracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing tracked file $where shown as ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+done
+
+# Having established the above, from now on we mostly test against
+# files which do not exist in the working tree or index.
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore' '
+	expect "a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore with --verbose'  '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--verbose a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory' '
+	expect "3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory with --verbose' '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--verbose 3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'nested include' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/one"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test ignored sub-directories
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'ignored sub-directory' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		foo
+		twoooo
+		../one
+		seven
+		../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	../one
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	seven
+		.gitignore:1:one	../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "-v foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of symlinks
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'symlink' '::	a/symlink' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink/foo" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''a/symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "symlink/foo" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of submodules
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/submodule/one" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "submodule/one" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of global ignore files
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore not yet enabled' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored a/globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		globalone
+		per-repo
+		globalthree
+		a/globalthree
+		a/per-repo
+		globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore with -v' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-EOF &&
+		$global_excludes:1:globalone	globalone
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		$global_excludes:3:globalthree	globalthree
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+		$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test --stdin
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	a/one
+	a/not-ignored
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	"a/b/one two"
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/not-ignored
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	one
+	a/one
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	a/b/one two
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	.gitignore:1:one	a/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	a/b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	a/b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' stdin | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >stdin0
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-default | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >expected-default0
+sed -e 's/	"/	/' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-verbose | \
+	tr ":\t\n" "\0" >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -q' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	test_check_ignore "-v --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '$opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -q" "
+		expect "" &&
+		test_check_ignore '-q $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -v" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '-v $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+done
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	../one
+	../not-ignored
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	"b/one two"
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/not-ignored
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+# N.B. we deliberately end STDIN with a non-matching pattern in order
+# to test that the exit code indicates that one or more of the
+# provided paths is ignored - in other words, that it represents an
+# aggregation of all the results, not just the final result.
+
+cat <<-EOF >expected-all
+	.gitignore:1:one	../one
+	::	../not-ignored
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	::	not-ignored
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	b/two
+	::	b/not-ignored
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../b/globaltwo
+	::	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+grep -v '^::	' expected-all >expected-verbose
+sed -e 's/.*	//' expected-verbose >expected-default
+
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' stdin | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >stdin0
+sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-default | \
+	tr "\n" "\0" >expected-default0
+sed -e 's/	"/	/' -e 's/\\//' -e 's/"$//' expected-verbose | \
+	tr ":\t\n" "\0" >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v -n' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-all &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v -n" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"'" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory with -v" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"' -v" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'streaming support for --stdin' '
+	mkfifo in out &&
+	(git check-ignore -n -v --stdin <in >out &) &&
+
+	# We cannot just "echo >in" because check-ignore would get EOF
+	# after echo exited; instead we open the descriptor in our
+	# shell, and then echo to the fd. We make sure to close it at
+	# the end, so that the subprocess does get EOF and dies
+	# properly.
+	#
+	# Similarly, we must keep "out" open so that check-ignore does
+	# not ever get SIGPIPE trying to write to us. Not only would that
+	# produce incorrect results, but then there would be no writer on the
+	# other end of the pipe, and we would potentially block forever trying
+	# to open it.
+	exec 9>in &&
+	exec 8<out &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 9>&-" &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 8<&-" &&
+	echo >&9 one &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^\.gitignore:1:one	one" &&
+	echo >&9 two &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^::	two"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..94045c3fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for priority queue implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'basic ordering' '
+	test-prio-queue 2 6 3 10 9 5 7 4 5 8 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+2
+3
+4
+1
+5
+6
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mixed put and get' '
+	test-prio-queue 6 2 4 get 5 3 get get 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+NULL
+1
+2
+NULL
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'notice empty queue' '
+	test-prio-queue 1 2 get get get 1 2 get get get >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index 1a8f44c44c..e526184a0b 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@ test_expect_success 'safecrlf: print warning only once' '
 	test $(git add doublewarn 2>&1 | grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: git diff demotes safecrlf=true to warn' '
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+	git diff HEAD
+'
+
+
 test_expect_success 'switch off autocrlf, safecrlf, reset HEAD' '
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 	git config core.safecrlf false &&
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
index e50f0f742f..b92e6cb046 100755
--- a/t/t0021-conversion.sh
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -190,4 +190,18 @@ test_expect_success 'required filter clean failure' '
 	test_must_fail git add test.fc
 '
 
+test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'filter large file' '
+	git config filter.largefile.smudge cat &&
+	git config filter.largefile.clean cat &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 2048); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >2GB &&
+	echo "2GB filter=largefile" >.gitattributes &&
+	git add 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err &&
+	rm -f 2GB &&
+	git checkout -- 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index ec6c1b3f8a..4e9fa3cd68 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -26,18 +25,11 @@ test_expect_success 'tar archive' '
 
 '
 
-"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
 test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
 
-	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../test.zip ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
index ccb0a3cb61..a8e84d8546 100755
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -397,4 +397,39 @@ test_expect_success 'strip comments, too' '
 	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'strip comments with changed comment char' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line followed by empty line' '
+	printf "# foo\n#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo\n\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with newline only' '
+	printf "#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--comment-lines with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with changed comment char' '
+	printf "; foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index 244a43c920..65606df3ed 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test help' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ check() {
 	shift &&
 	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
 	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ check_i18n() {
 	shift &&
 	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
 	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ check_unknown() {
 	esac &&
 	cat expect.err >>expect &&
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp expect output.err
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ check_unknown_i18n() {
 	esac &&
 	cat expect.err >>expect &&
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output.err
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ test_expect_success 'short options' '
 	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -b -vv -n -F my.file \
 	> output 2> output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test ! -s output.err
+	test_must_be_empty output.err
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ test_expect_success 'long options' '
 	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --boolean --string2=321 \
 		--verbose --verbose --no-dry-run --abbrev=10 --file fi.le\
 		--obsolete > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'intermingled arguments' '
 	test-parse-options a1 --string 123 b1 --boolean -j 13 -- --boolean \
 		> output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -217,13 +217,13 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option' '
 	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option with "="' '
 	test-parse-options --int=2 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'non ambiguous option (after two options it abbreviates)' '
 	test-parse-options --st 123 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -ambiguous > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'keep some options as arguments' '
 	test-parse-options --quux > output 2> output.err &&
-        test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
         test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() and OPT_SET_PTR() work' '
 	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" --default-string \
 		foo -q > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and OPT_BIT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -352,13 +352,13 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -376,19 +376,19 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_COUNTUP() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
 	test-parse-options + + + + + + > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK() works' '
 	test-parse-options -12345 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'negation of OPT_NONEG flags is not ambiguous' '
 	test-parse-options --no-ambig >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 78816d9d93..6b3cedcf24 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -29,12 +29,10 @@ test_have_prereq SYMLINKS ||
 if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
 '
@@ -43,20 +41,17 @@ fi
 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
 	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
 	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
 	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
 	test "$v" = false
 '
 fi
 
 test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
-
 	git config core.ignorecase true &&
 	touch camelcase &&
 	git add camelcase &&
@@ -67,29 +62,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
 	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename" &&
 	git checkout -f master
-
 '
 
 $test_case 'rename (case change)' '
-
 	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename"
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'merge (case change)' '
 	rm -f CamelCase &&
 	rm -f camelcase &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git merge topic
-
 '
 
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
-
+test_expect_failure CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'add (with different case)' '
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	rm camelcase &&
 	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
@@ -97,37 +86,31 @@ test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
 	camel=$(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase) &&
 	test $(echo "$camel" | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	test "z$(git cat-file blob :$camel)" = z1
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
-
-  test_create_repo unicode &&
-  cd unicode &&
-  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial &&
-  git tag initial &&
-  git checkout -b topic &&
-  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
-  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
-  git commit -m rename &&
-  git checkout -f master
-
+	test_create_repo unicode &&
+	cd unicode &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode false &&
+	touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+	git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	git checkout -f master
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
- git commit -m rename
-
+	git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git reset --hard initial &&
- git merge topic
-
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0056-git-C.sh b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..99c037703a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"-C <path>" option and its effects on other path-related options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" runs git from the directory <path>' '
+	test_create_repo dir1 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/a.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1" &&
+	(cd dir1 && git add a.txt && git commit -m "$msg") &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Multiple -C options: "-C dir1 -C dir2" is equivalent to "-C dir1/dir2"' '
+	test_create_repo dir1/dir2 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/dir2/b.txt &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 add b.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1/dir2" &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 commit -m "$msg" &&
+	git -C dir1 -C dir2 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir option: "-C c --git-dir=a.git" is equivalent to "--git-dir c/a.git"' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	mkdir c/a &&
+	mkdir c/a.git &&
+	(cd c/a.git && git init --bare) &&
+	echo 1 >c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a add a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a commit -m "initial" &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--git-dir=a.git -C c" is equivalent to "-C c --git-dir=a.git"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --work-tree option: "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"  is equivalent to "--work-tree=c/a --git-dir=c/a.git"' '
+	rm c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--work-tree=../a -C c/a.git" is equivalent to "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"' '
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >expected &&
+	git --work-tree=../a -C c/a.git status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir and --work-tree options - "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a"' '
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Relative followed by fullpath: "-C ./here -C /there" is equivalent to "-C /there"' '
+	echo "initial in dir1/dir2" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 -C "$(pwd)/dir1/dir2" log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index 4ef2345982..3a48de20d8 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@ test_description='Test various path utilities'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 norm_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils mingw_path "$2")
 	test_expect_success $3 "normalize path: $1 => $2" \
-	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$2'"
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+relative_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils mingw_path "$3")
+	test_expect_success $4 "relative path: $1 $2 => $3" \
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils relative_path '$1' '$2')\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
 # On Windows, we are using MSYS's bash, which mangles the paths.
@@ -34,8 +41,8 @@ ancestor() {
 	 test \"\$actual\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
-# Absolute path tests must be skipped on Windows because due to path mangling
-# the test program never sees a POSIX-style absolute path
+# Some absolute path tests should be skipped on Windows due to path mangling
+# on POSIX-style absolute paths
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	;;
@@ -68,72 +75,57 @@ norm_path d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 d2
 norm_path d1/.../d2 d1/.../d2
 norm_path d1/..././../d2 d1/d2
 
-norm_path / / POSIX
+norm_path / /
 norm_path // / POSIX
 norm_path /// / POSIX
-norm_path /. / POSIX
+norm_path /. /
 norm_path /./ / POSIX
 norm_path /./.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /../. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /../. ++failed++
 norm_path /./../.// ++failed++ POSIX
 norm_path /dir/.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir// /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /./dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir/. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir///./ /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir /dir
+norm_path /dir// /dir/
+norm_path /./dir /dir
+norm_path /dir/. /dir/
+norm_path /dir///./ /dir/
+norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/
+norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/
 norm_path //dir/sub/../. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
+norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/
+norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/
+norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2
+norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2
+norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2
 
-ancestor / "" -1
 ancestor / / -1
-ancestor /foo "" -1
-ancestor /foo : -1
-ancestor /foo ::. -1
-ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
 ancestor /foo / 0
 ancestor /foo /fo -1
 ancestor /foo /foo -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
 ancestor /foo /bar -1
-ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
 ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
-ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar:/foo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar / 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
-ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
 
 test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
 	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
@@ -198,4 +190,33 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works on symlinks' '
 	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
 '
 
+relative_path /a/b/c/	/a/b/		c/
+relative_path /a/b/c/	/a/b		c/
+relative_path /a//b//c/	//a/b//		c/	POSIX
+relative_path /a/b	/a/b		./
+relative_path /a/b/	/a/b		./
+relative_path /a	/a/b		../
+relative_path /		/a/b/		../../
+relative_path /a/c	/a/b/		../c
+relative_path /a/c	/a/b		../c
+relative_path /x/y	/a/b/		../../x/y
+relative_path /a/b	"<empty>"	/a/b
+relative_path /a/b 	"<null>"	/a/b
+relative_path a/b/c/	a/b/		c/
+relative_path a/b/c/	a/b		c/
+relative_path a/b//c	a//b		c
+relative_path a/b/	a/b/		./
+relative_path a/b/	a/b		./
+relative_path a		a/b		../
+relative_path x/y	a/b		../../x/y
+relative_path a/c	a/b		../c
+relative_path a/b	"<empty>"	a/b
+relative_path a/b 	"<null>"	a/b
+relative_path "<empty>"	/a/b		./
+relative_path "<empty>"	"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<empty>"	"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"	"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"	"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"	/a/b		./
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0063-string-list.sh b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
index 41c8826a74..dbfc05ebdc 100755
--- a/t/t0063-string-list.sh
+++ b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
@@ -17,14 +17,6 @@ test_split () {
 	"
 }
 
-test_longest_prefix () {
-	test "$(test-string-list longest_prefix "$1" "$2")" = "$3"
-}
-
-test_no_longest_prefix () {
-	test_must_fail test-string-list longest_prefix "$1" "$2"
-}
-
 test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "-1" <<EOF
 3
 [0]: "foo"
@@ -96,26 +88,4 @@ test_expect_success "test remove_duplicates" '
 	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:b:b:b:c:c:c)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success "test longest_prefix" '
-	test_no_longest_prefix - '' &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix - x &&
-	test_longest_prefix "" x "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix x x x &&
-	test_longest_prefix "" foo "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix : foo "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix f foo f &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo foobar foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo foo foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix bar foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix bar:bar foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix foobar foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:bar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:bar bar bar &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo::bar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:foobar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foobar:foo foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo: bar "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix :foo bar ""
-'
-
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
index da2c504e53..5ed69a6f56 100755
--- a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mktemp to nonexistent directory prints filename' '
 	grep "doesnotexist/test" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	mkdir cannotwrite &&
 	chmod -w cannotwrite &&
 	test_when_finished "chmod +w cannotwrite" &&
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	grep "cannotwrite/test" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git_mkstemps_mode does not fail if fd 0 is not open' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m message <&-
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check for a bug in the regex routines' '
 	# if this test fails, re-build git with NO_REGEX=1
 	test-regex
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
index 315b9b3f10..e0a6940232 100755
--- a/t/t0100-previous.sh
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	test_commit B &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	test_commit C &&
+	test_commit D &&
 	git branch -f master B &&
 	git branch -f other &&
 	git checkout other &&
@@ -35,14 +36,24 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}~1' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1}~1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-100} before checking out that many branches yet' '
 	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard B &&
 	git branch -f other C &&
 	git checkout other &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-100}
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8d6096d4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='urlmatch URL normalization'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# The base name of the test url files
+tu="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t0110/url"
+
+# Note that only file: URLs should be allowed without a host
+
+test_expect_success 'url scheme' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "_" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x_test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "-test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "0test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "+test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization ".test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "schem%6e://" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "x-Test+v1.0://acme.co" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "AbCdeF://x.Y")" = "abcdef://x.y/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url authority' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://#" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:///" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://user:pass@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file:///" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%00@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%%@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host_" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://hos%41/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[invalid....:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:[/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:["
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port checks' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000000" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000001?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:065535#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65535" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65536" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:99999" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100000" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100001" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@:8008" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:8080" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:000/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0%300/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0x80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:4294967297/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:030f/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port normalization' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:0800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:00000800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:065535")" = "http://x:65535/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:1")" = "http://x:1/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:80")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:000000080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:0443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:000000443")" = "https://x/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url general escapes' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://x.y?%fg" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/%7e%41^%3a")" = "x://w/~A%5E%3A" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/:/?#[]@")" = "x://w/:/?#[]@" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/$&()*+,;=")" = "x://w/$&()*+,;=" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/'\''")" = "x://w/'\''" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W?'\!'")" = "x://w/?'\!'"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url high-bit escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-1")")" = "x://q/%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%0E%0F%10%11%12" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-2")")" = "x://q/%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F%7F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-3")")" = "x://q/%80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-4")")" = "x://q/%90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-5")")" = "x://q/%A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-6")")" = "x://q/%B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-7")")" = "x://q/%C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-8")")" = "x://q/%D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-9")")" = "x://q/%E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-10")")" = "x://q/%F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-11")")" = "x://q/%C2%80%DF%BF%E0%A0%80%EF%BF%BD%F0%90%80%80%F0%AF%BF%BD"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url username/password escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://%41%62(^):%70+d@foo")" = "x://Ab(%5E):p+d@foo/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url normalized lengths' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host")" = 25 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://%41:%42@x.y/%61/")" = 17 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://@x.y/^")" = 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url . and .. segments' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.")" = "x://y/a" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./")" = "x://y/a/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.?")" = "x://y/a?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?")" = "x://y/a/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c")" = "x://y/c" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/../.././c/")" = "x://y/c/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?/././..")" = "x://y/a/?/././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2e/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/%2e./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/b/.%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/c/%2e%2E/")" = "x://y/"
+'
+
+# http://@foo specifies an empty user name but does not specify a password
+# http://foo  specifies neither a user name nor a password
+# So they should not be equivalent
+test_expect_success 'url equivalents' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "httP://x" "Http://X/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host" "hTTP://Me:%4D^p@the.HOST:80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://x.y:443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://@x.y:0443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/../abc" "httpS://@x.y:0443/abc" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/.." "httpS://@x.y:0443/"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110/README b/t/t0110/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad4a50ecd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The url data files in this directory contain URLs with characters
+in the range 0x01-0x1f and 0x7f-0xff to test the proper normalization
+of unprintable characters.
+
+A select few characters in the 0x01-0x1f range are skipped to help
+avoid problems running the test itself.
+
+The urls are in test files in this directory rather than being
+embedded in the test script for portability.
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-1 b/t/t0110/url-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..519019c5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/

diff --git a/t/t0110/url-10 b/t/t0110/url-10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9965de6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-10
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-11 b/t/t0110/url-11
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0a50f1009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-11
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€߿ࠀ��𯿽
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-2 b/t/t0110/url-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43334b05b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-3 b/t/t0110/url-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7378c7bec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ�Ž�
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-4 b/t/t0110/url-4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..220b198c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-4
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/�‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ�žŸ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-5 b/t/t0110/url-5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ccd927779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-5
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-6 b/t/t0110/url-6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8283aac6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-6
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-7 b/t/t0110/url-7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa7c10b615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-7
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-8 b/t/t0110/url-8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a0ba836f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-9 b/t/t0110/url-9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b44bec48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-9
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
index b3ae7d52c6..3e72aff470 100755
--- a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (their side)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
+test_expect_success 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b sym-b side-b &&
@@ -170,15 +170,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 	rm -fr a &&
 	git checkout -b sym-a side-a &&
 	mkdir -p a &&
-	ln -s ../b a/b &&
-	git add a/b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../b a/b &&
 	git commit -m "we add a/b" &&
 
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS,SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
+test_expect_success SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
 
 	rm -fr a b &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index d8b7f2ffbc..a420742494 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -36,66 +36,54 @@ $content"
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct" '
-        test $type = "$(git cat-file -t $sha1)"
+	echo $type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct" '
-        test $size = "$(git cat-file -s $sha1)"
+	echo $size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "Content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Pretty content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "--batch output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "--batch-check output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$sha1 $type $size"
-	actual="$(echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	echo "$sha1 $type $size" >expect &&
+	echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "custom --batch-check format" '
+	echo "$type $sha1" >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(objectname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success '--batch-check with %(rest)' '
+	echo "$type this is some extra content" >expect &&
+	echo "$sha1    this is some extra content" |
+		git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(rest)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 }
 
@@ -110,15 +98,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup" '
 
 run_tests 'blob' $hello_sha1 $hello_size "$hello_content" "$hello_content"
 
+test_expect_success '--batch-check without %(rest) considers whole line' '
+	echo "$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size" >expect &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $hello_sha1 "white space" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove \"white space\"" &&
+	echo ":white space" | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
 tree_size=33
 tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
 
 run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
 
-commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_message="Initial commit"
 commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
-commit_size=176
+commit_size=177
 commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
@@ -135,14 +131,11 @@ tag_description="This is a tag"
 tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
 
 $tag_description"
-tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
-
-$tag_description"
 
 tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
 tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
 
-run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_content" 1
 
 test_expect_success \
     "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 5c0053a20b..0c74beedd2 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -250,4 +250,28 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout without --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout . &&
+	test_path_is_missing init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits . &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index e23ac0e69d..1e2945ec7e 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@ test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
 	(
-		git config alias.ss status &&
+		git config alias.test-status-alias status &&
 		cd dir &&
 		git status &&
-		git ss
+		git test-status-alias
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 	pwd >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test !pwd &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory !pwd &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 	printf "dir/" >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3f8705139d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='see how we handle various forms of corruption'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# convert "1234abcd" to ".git/objects/12/34abcd"
+obj_to_file() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/objects/$(git rev-parse "$1" | sed 's,..,&/,')"
+}
+
+# Convert byte at offset "$2" of object "$1" into '\0'
+corrupt_byte() {
+	obj_file=$(obj_to_file "$1") &&
+	chmod +w "$obj_file" &&
+	printf '\0' | dd of="$obj_file" bs=1 seek="$2" conv=notrunc
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup corrupt repo' '
+	git init bit-error &&
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		corrupt_byte HEAD:content.t 10
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with missing object' '
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		rm -f "$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with misnamed object' '
+	git init misnamed &&
+	(
+		cd misnamed &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		good=$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t) &&
+		blob=$(echo corrupt | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		bad=$(obj_to_file $blob) &&
+		rm -f "$good" &&
+		mv "$bad" "$good"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'streaming a corrupt blob fails' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob HEAD:content.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects bit-errors in blobs' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects missing objects' '
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# We use --bare to make sure that the transport detects it, not the checkout
+# phase.
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare bit-error corrupt-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare missing missing-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects misnamed object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare misnamed misnamed-transport
+'
+
+# We do not expect --local to detect corruption at the transport layer,
+# so we are really checking the checkout() code path.
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local bit-error corrupt-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error detected during checkout leaves repo intact' '
+	test_path_is_dir corrupt-checkout/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects missing objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local missing missing-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone --local detects misnamed objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local misnamed misnamed-checkout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index 3c96fda548..967359344d 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -652,16 +652,23 @@ test_expect_success numbers '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--int is at least 64 bits' '
+	git config giga.watts 121g &&
+	echo 129922760704 >expect &&
+	git config --int --get giga.watts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
 	echo 1auto >expect &&
 	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	cat > expect <<-\EOF
-	fatal: bad config value for '\''aninvalid.unit'\'' in .git/config
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	fatal: bad numeric config value '\''1auto'\'' for '\''aninvalid.unit'\'' in .git/config: invalid unit
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expect
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -1087,4 +1094,64 @@ test_expect_success 'barf on incomplete string' '
 	grep " line 3 " error
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'urlmatch' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+	EOF
+
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.SSLverify https://good.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo false >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt &&
+		echo http.sslverify false
+	} >expect &&
+	git config --get-urlmatch HTTP https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# good section hygiene
+test_expect_failure 'unsetting the last key in a section removes header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	# a comment specific to this "section" section.
+	[section]
+	# some intervening lines
+	# that should also be dropped
+
+	key = value
+	# please be careful when you update the above variable
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	EOF
+
+	git config --unset section.key &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'adding a key into an empty section reuses header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	EOF
+
+	q_to_tab >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	Qkey = value
+	EOF
+
+	git config section.key value
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1307-config-blob.sh b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fdc257e66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='support for reading config from a blob'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create config blob' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = 1
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'list config blob contents' '
+	echo some.value=1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch value from blob' '
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --bool some.value >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading non-existing value from blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config non.existing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from blob and file is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --system --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from missing ref is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:doesnotexist --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from non-blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --unset some.value
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --edit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse errors in blobs are properly attributed' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = "
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m broken &&
+
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value 2>err &&
+
+	# just grep for our token as the exact error message is likely to
+	# change or be internationalized
+	grep "HEAD:config" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index e415ee0bbf..6ffd82fe32 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -302,4 +302,636 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F (expect OTHER)' \
 	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F")'
 
+a=refs/heads/a
+b=refs/heads/b
+c=refs/heads/c
+E='""'
+F='%s\0'
+pws='path with space'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin test setup' '
+	echo "$pws" >"$pws" &&
+	git add -- "$pws" &&
+	git commit -m "$pws"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-z fails without --stdin' '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z $m $m $m 2>err &&
+	grep "usage: git update-ref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin works with no input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on only whitespace' '
+	echo " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on leading whitespace' '
+	echo " create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unknown command' '
+	echo "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on badly quoted input' '
+	echo "create $a \"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on arguments not separated by space' '
+	echo "create \"$a\"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: expected SP but got: master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no ref' '
+	echo "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with bad ref name' '
+	echo "create ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no new value' '
+	echo "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with too many arguments' '
+	echo "create $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no ref' '
+	echo "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with bad ref name' '
+	echo "update ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no new value' '
+	echo "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with too many arguments' '
+	echo "update $a $m $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with no ref' '
+	echo "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	echo "delete ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	echo "delete $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	echo "verify $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails option with unknown name' '
+	echo "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails with duplicate refs' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	create $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	create $a $m
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works' '
+	echo "create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $E" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	echo "create refs/blobs/pws \"$m:$pws\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid old value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	echo "create $c does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid new value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	echo "create $c " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c given zero new value" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m~1 $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "delete $a $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	echo "delete $a " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a given zero old value" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	update TESTSYMREF $a $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	delete TESTSYMREF $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "delete $b $m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update/create/verify combination works' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	verify $c
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs works with identity updates' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c $Z $E
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c  ''
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	delete $a $m
+	update $b $Z $m
+	update $c $E $m~1
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z works on empty input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command: " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty command' '
+	printf $F "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on only whitespace' '
+	printf $F " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on leading whitespace' '
+	printf $F " create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on unknown command' '
+	printf $F "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no ref' '
+	printf $F "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "create ~a " "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no new value' '
+	printf $F "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no ref' '
+	printf $F "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "update ~a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no new value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no old value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no ref' '
+	printf $F "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "delete ~a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with no old value' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails option with unknown name' '
+	printf $F "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails with duplicate refs' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "create $b" "$m" "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	printf $F "create refs/blobs/pws" "$m:$pws" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid old value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid new value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c given zero new value" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m~1" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a given zero old value" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "update TESTSYMREF" "$a" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "delete TESTSYMREF" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $b" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update/create/verify combination works' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "" "create $b" "$m" "verify $c" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs works with identity updates' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$Z" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "update $b" "$Z" "$m" "update $c" "" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 1ae4d87c92..1a5a5f39fd 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ valid_ref() {
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ invalid_ref() {
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		test_must_fail git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
diff --git a/t/t1403-show-ref.sh b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3e500ed7da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='show-ref'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated A" A &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated B" B &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch B A^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -d' '
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A^0) "refs/tags/A^{}"
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/C) refs/tags/C
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d A C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d tags/A tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/tags/A refs/tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master) refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+	git show-ref -d --verify refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --heads, --tags, --head, pattern' '
+	for branch in B master side
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/$branch) refs/heads/$branch
+	done >expect.heads &&
+	git show-ref --heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.heads actual &&
+
+	for tag in A B C
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/$tag) refs/tags/$tag
+	done >expect.tags &&
+	git show-ref --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.tags actual &&
+
+	cat expect.heads expect.tags >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		cat expect.heads expect.tags
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags --head >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B^0) "refs/tags/B^{}"
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head -d B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
index 9a105fe21f..6f47c0dd0e 100755
--- a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
+++ b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
@@ -144,4 +144,26 @@ test_expect_success 'empty reflog file' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# This guards against the alternative of showing the diffs vs. the
+# reflog ancestor.  The reflog used is designed to list the commits
+# more than once, so as to exercise the corresponding logic.
+test_expect_success 'git log -g -p shows diffs vs. parents' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	git branch flipflop &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip1 HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flop1 HEAD &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip2 HEAD^ &&
+	git log -g -p flipflop >reflog &&
+	grep -v ^Reflog reflog >actual &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD^ >log.one &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD >log.two &&
+	(
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two; echo
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 08aa24ca15..d730734fde 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -237,4 +237,35 @@ test_expect_success 'fsck notices submodule entry pointing to null sha1' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices "." and ".." in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dots &&
+		cd dots &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.
+		100644 blob $blob$tab..
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\." out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ".git" in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dotgit &&
+		cd dotgit &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.git
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\.git" out
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index cce87a5ab5..3d51615e42 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ test_prefix ceil_at_sub ""
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s sub top
+fi
 
 mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
 cd sub/dir || exit 1
@@ -68,6 +72,19 @@ test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top_slash
+
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_slash_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+fi
+
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
 test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
 
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
index d709ecf8df..4969edb314 100755
--- a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -32,32 +32,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 #
 # and 'side' should be the last branch
 
-test_rev_equivalent () {
-
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-
-}
-
 test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+	test_cmp_rev side @{-1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+	test_cmp_rev side~2 @{-1}~2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+	test_cmp_rev side^2 @{-1}^2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+	test_cmp_rev side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+	test_cmp_rev master @{-2}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index d6e576192f..2a19e797eb 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ test_expect_success 'my-side@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
 	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'refs/heads/my-side@{upstream} does not resolve to my-side{upstream}' '
+	test_must_fail full_name refs/heads/my-side@{upstream}
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit 5 &&
@@ -125,8 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch@{u} works when tracking a local branch' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message non-tracking@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -134,8 +137,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -143,8 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message no-such-branch@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -152,8 +153,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: HEAD does not point to a branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: HEAD does not point to a branch
 	EOF
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message if upstream branch not fetched' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
 	EOF
 	error_message bad-upstream@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
index d5d6244178..ceb844985f 100755
--- a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
+++ b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
@@ -4,17 +4,24 @@ test_description='test various @{X} syntax combinations together'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check() {
-test_expect_${3:-success} "$1 = $2" "
-	echo '$2' >expect &&
-	git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-"
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "$1 = $3" "
+		echo '$3' >expect &&
+		if test '$2' = 'commit'
+		then
+			git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual
+		else
+			git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name '$1' >actual
+		fi &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	"
 }
+
 nonsense() {
-test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
-	test_must_fail git log -1 '$1'
-"
+	test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify '$1'
+	"
 }
+
 fail() {
 	"$@" failure
 }
@@ -25,27 +32,54 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git checkout -b upstream-branch &&
 	test_commit upstream-one &&
 	test_commit upstream-two &&
+	git checkout -b @/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @@/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @at-test &&
 	git checkout -b old-branch &&
 	test_commit old-one &&
 	test_commit old-two &&
 	git checkout -b new-branch &&
 	test_commit new-one &&
 	test_commit new-two &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.merge refs/heads/master &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.merge refs/heads/upstream-branch
+	git branch -u master old-branch &&
+	git branch -u upstream-branch new-branch
 '
 
-check HEAD new-two
-check "@{1}" new-one
-check "@{-1}" old-two
-check "@{-1}@{1}" old-one
-check "@{u}" upstream-two
-check "@{u}@{1}" upstream-one
-check "@{-1}@{u}" master-two
-check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" master-one
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/new-branch
+check "@{1}" commit new-one
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-one
+check "@{now}" commit new-two
+check "HEAD@{now}" commit new-two
+check "@{-1}" ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "@{-1}@{0}" commit old-two
+check "@{-1}@{1}" commit old-one
+check "@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "HEAD@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@{u}@{1}" commit upstream-one
+check "@{-1}@{u}" ref refs/heads/master
+check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" commit master-one
+check "@" commit new-two
+check "@@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@@/at-test
+check "@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@/at-test
+check "@at-test" ref refs/heads/@at-test
 nonsense "@{u}@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{0}@{0}"
 nonsense "@{1}@{u}"
+nonsense "HEAD@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{-1}@{-1}"
+
+# @{N} versus HEAD@{N}
+
+check "HEAD@{3}" commit old-two
+nonsense "@{3}"
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to old-branch' '
+	git checkout old-branch
+'
+
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-two
+check "@{1}" commit old-one
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
index c5334a8fa4..62691172e3 100755
--- a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
+++ b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ xmkdir() {
 
 R="$1"
 
-[ -n "$R" ] || die "Usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
+[ -n "$R" ] || die "usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
 [ -x git ] || die "This script needs to be executed at git source code's top directory"
 [ -x /bin/busybox ] || die "You need busybox"
 
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 80aedfca8c..cf2ee7885a 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -517,6 +517,25 @@ test_expect_success '#16c: bare .git has no worktree' '
 		"$here/16c/.git" "(null)" "$here/16c/sub" "(null)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#16d: bareness preserved across alias' '
+	setup_repo 16d unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16d/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		git config alias.st status &&
+		test_must_fail git st
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16e: bareness preserved by --bare' '
+	setup_repo 16e unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16e/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		test_must_fail git --bare status
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '#17: GIT_WORK_TREE without explicit GIT_DIR is accepted (bare case)' '
 	# Just like #16.
 	setup_repo 17a unset "" true &&
diff --git a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
index eaefc777bd..15973f2094 100755
--- a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
+++ b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,13 @@ test_expect_success 'ref^{tree}' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{tree}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ref^{tag}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD^{tag} &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag >expected &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{tag} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'ref^{/.}' '
 	git rev-parse master >expected &&
 	git rev-parse master^{/.} >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
index 6b3d797cea..4a155c8d09 100755
--- a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
+++ b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguate blob' '
 
 test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree' '
 	commit=$(echo "d7xm" | git commit-tree 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is fffff2e and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
 	test $(git rev-parse $commit^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000cdc)
 '
 
@@ -99,10 +100,14 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit-ish' '
 
 test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit' '
 	commit=$(echo "hoaxj" | git commit-tree 0000000000cdc -p 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is ffffffd8 and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
 	test $(git rev-parse $commit^) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000e4f)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# These are underspecified from the prefix-length point of view
+	# to disambiguate the commit with other objects, but there is only
+	# one commit that has 00000* prefix at this point.
 	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
 	git log ..000000000 &&
 	git log 000000000.. &&
@@ -112,16 +117,19 @@ test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-parse name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git rev-parse 000000000..000000000 &&
 	git rev-parse ..000000000 &&
 	git rev-parse 000000000..
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git log 000000000
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git reset takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git reset 000000000
 '
 
@@ -131,26 +139,30 @@ test_expect_success 'first tag' '
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'two semi-ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# At this point, we have a tag 0000000000f8f that points
+	# at a commit 0000000000e4f, and a tree and a blob that
+	# share 0000000000 prefix with these tag and commit.
+	#
 	# Once the parser becomes ultra-smart, it could notice that
-	# 110282 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
+	# 0000000000 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
 	# that only two (HEAD and v1.0.0 tag) can be peeled to commit,
 	# and that peeling them down to commit yield the same commit
 	# without ambiguity.
-	git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{commit} &&
 
 	# likewise
-	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
-	git log ..000000000 &&
-	git log 000000000.. &&
-	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
-	git log ...000000000 &&
-	git log 000000000...
+	git log 0000000000..0000000000 &&
+	git log ..0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000.. &&
+	git log 0000000000...0000000000 &&
+	git log ...0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000...
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'three semi-ambiguous tree-ish' '
 	# Likewise for tree-ish.  HEAD, v1.0.0 and HEAD^{tree} share
 	# the prefix but peeling them to tree yields the same thing
-	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{tree}
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{tree}
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'parse describe name' '
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ambiguous commit-ish' '
 	# Now there are many commits that begin with the
 	# common prefix, none of these should pick one at
 	# random.  They all should result in ambiguity errors.
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 00000000^{commit} &&
 
 	# likewise
 	test_must_fail git log 000000000..000000000 &&
@@ -261,4 +273,22 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-parse --disambiguate' '
 	test "$(sed -e "s/^\(.........\).*/\1/" actual | sort -u)" = 000000000
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous 40-hex ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $REF &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous short sha1 ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $VAL &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..87ec3ae714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests for rev-parse --prefix'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p sub1/sub2 &&
+	echo top >top &&
+	echo file1 >sub1/file1 &&
+	echo file2 >sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git add top sub1/file1 sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git commit -m commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" -- top sub1/file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	top
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- file1 sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/file1
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- ../file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- ../top sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/../top
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" HEAD:./top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:./file1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:sub1/file1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:../path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:../top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix ignored with HEAD:top' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate path with valid prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file and refs with prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ master file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	$(git rev-parse master)
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-levels deep' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/sub2/ -- file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
index 98aa73e823..1fc8e634b7 100755
--- a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
+++ b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git read-tree -m $tree1 && git checkout-index -f -a'
 test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git update-index --add a symlink.' \
-    'ln -s path0 path1 &&
-     git update-index --add path1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'add a symlink' \
+    'test_ln_s_add path0 path1'
 test_expect_success \
     'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
     'tree3=$(git write-tree)'
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
index 02a4fc5d36..ff163cf675 100755
--- a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -12,85 +12,108 @@ the GIT controlled paths.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'mkdir path1 &&
-    echo frotz >path0 &&
-    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
-    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	ln -s path2 path1 &&
+	git checkout-index -f -a &&
+	test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+	test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     ln -s path2 path1 &&
-     git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
-     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=path2/' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+	test -f path2/path0 &&
+	test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp-' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=path2/' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
-     test -f path2/path0 &&
-     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+	test -d tmp1/orary &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
-     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #1
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
-     test -d tmp1/orary &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+	test -d tmp-path1 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #2
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success 'apply filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.smudge "sed -e s/./,/g" &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.required true &&
+	echo "file1 filter=replace-all" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo frotz >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path0 &&
+	echo ,,,,,, >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #3
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
-     test -d tmp-path1 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'apply CRLF filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "file1 eol=crlf" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo rezrovQ >expected &&
+	tr \\015 Q <tmp/path1/file1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
index 0f4b2896af..f171a5578b 100755
--- a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
+++ b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
@@ -194,11 +194,10 @@ test_expect_success \
  test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
 )'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 'checkout --temp symlink' '
 rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-ln -s b a &&
-git update-index --add a &&
+test_ln_s_add b a &&
 t4=$(git write-tree) &&
 rm -f .git/index &&
 git read-tree $t4 &&
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
index e6f59f1914..fc9aad530e 100755
--- a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ test_description='git checkout to switch between branches with symlink<->dir'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir frotz &&
 	echo hello >frotz/filfre &&
@@ -25,25 +25,25 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 	git rm --cached frotz/filfre &&
 	mv frotz xyzzy &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	git add xyzzy/filfre frotz &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	git add xyzzy/filfre &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "side moves frotz/ to xyzzy/ and adds frotz->xyzzy/"
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from symlink to dir' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from symlink to dir' '
 
 	git checkout master
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
+test_expect_success 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
 	rm -fr frotz xyzzy nitfol &&
 	git checkout -f master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from dir to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from dir to symlink' '
 
 	git checkout side
 
diff --git a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
index b44de9dc62..e7ba8c505f 100755
--- a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
+++ b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,38 @@ test_expect_success 'master...' '
 	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A B' '
+	git branch moodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master moodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase -i master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A B' '
+	git branch foodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master foodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
index 70edbb33e2..06b18f8bc1 100755
--- a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ test_expect_success '"reset <submodule>" updates the index' '
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git reset submodule &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
diff --git a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
index 5da63e9fa2..c2ada7de37 100755
--- a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
@@ -29,21 +29,25 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 	test -f a/b
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 
 	rm -rf a/b &&	# cleanup if previous test failed
 	git checkout -f -b symlink start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s foo a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
 	git commit -m "un-track the symlink" &&
-	test_must_fail git checkout start &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout start
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'the symlink remained' '
+
 	test -h a/b
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index 56090d2eba..8e3545d868 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,26 @@ test_expect_success 'checking out paths out of a tree does not clobber unrelated
 	test_cmp expect.next2 dir/next2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not touch unmerged entries matching $path but not in $tree' '
+	git checkout next &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	cat dir/common >expect.common &&
+	EMPTY_SHA1=$(git hash-object -w --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git rm dir/next0 &&
+	cat >expect.next0 <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 1	dir/next0
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 2	dir/next0
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <expect.next0 &&
+
+	git checkout master dir &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.common dir/common &&
+	test_path_is_file dir/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code master dir/master &&
+	git ls-files -s dir/next0 >actual.next0 &&
+	test_cmp expect.next0 actual.next0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..094b92ef48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout <branch>
+
+Ensures that checkout on an unborn branch does what the user expects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Is the current branch "refs/heads/$1"?
+test_branch () {
+	printf "%s\n" "refs/heads/$1" >expect.HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual.HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect.HEAD actual.HEAD
+}
+
+# Is branch "refs/heads/$1" set to pull from "$2/$3"?
+test_branch_upstream () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "refs/heads/$3" >expect.upstream &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+		git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >actual.upstream &&
+	test_cmp expect.upstream actual.upstream
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit my_master &&
+	git init repo_a &&
+	(
+		cd repo_a &&
+		test_commit a_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit a_foo &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit a_bar
+	) &&
+	git init repo_b &&
+	(
+		cd repo_b &&
+		test_commit b_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit b_foo &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit b_baz
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_a repo_a &&
+	git remote add repo_b repo_b &&
+	git config remote.repo_b.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other_b/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of non-existing branch fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D xyzzy &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout xyzzy &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/xyzzy &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D foo &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	git checkout bar &&
+	test_branch bar &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/repo_a/bar HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream bar repo_a bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	git checkout baz &&
+	test_branch baz &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/other_b/baz HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream baz repo_b baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-guess suppresses branch auto-vivification' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout --no-guess bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more remotes with unconventional refspecs' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	git init repo_c &&
+	(
+		cd repo_c &&
+		test_commit c_master &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit c_bar &&
+		git checkout -b spam &&
+		test_commit c_spam
+	) &&
+	git init repo_d &&
+	(
+		cd repo_d &&
+		test_commit d_master &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit d_baz &&
+		git checkout -b eggs &&
+		test_commit d_eggs
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_c repo_c &&
+	git config remote.repo_c.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/*" &&
+	git remote add repo_d repo_d &&
+	git config remote.repo_d.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/repo_d/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/baz &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	git checkout spam &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #4' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D eggs &&
+
+	git checkout eggs &&
+	test_branch eggs &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/repo_d/eggs HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream eggs repo_d eggs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
index f2620650ce..309199bca2 100755
--- a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -44,14 +44,21 @@ prime_resolve_undo () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir fi &&
+	printf "a\0a" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
 	git branch side &&
 	git branch another &&
+	printf "a\0b" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit second fi/le second &&
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git branch add-add &&
 	git checkout another &&
 	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout add-add &&
+	test_commit fifth add-differently &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
@@ -167,4 +174,22 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget (subdirectory)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (binary)' '
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	printf "a\0c" >binary &&
+	git commit -a -m binary &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second &&
+	git rerere forget binary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (add-add conflict)' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo master >add-differently &&
+	git add add-differently &&
+	git commit -m "add differently" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	git rerere forget add-differently 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no remembered" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 4cdebda6a5..9bf2bdffd2 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -80,11 +80,26 @@ test_expect_success 'change gets noticed' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
+# Note that this is scheduled to change in Git 2.0, when
+# "git add -u" will become full-tree by default.
+test_expect_success 'non-limited update in subdir leaves root alone' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git add -u
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	check
+	top
+	EOF
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace a file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm foo &&
-	ln -s top foo &&
-	git add -u -- foo
+	test_ln_s_add top foo
 
 '
 
@@ -150,9 +165,9 @@ test_expect_success 'add -u resolves unmerged paths' '
 	echo 2 >path3 &&
 	echo 2 >path5 &&
 
-	# Explicit resolving by adding removed paths should fail
-	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
-	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	# Fail to explicitly resolve removed paths with "git add"
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path6 &&
 
 	# "add -u" should notice removals no matter what stages
 	# the index entries are in.
diff --git a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
index 6a8151064c..fc8b59e7f7 100755
--- a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
+++ b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
@@ -41,4 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success 'git add --all' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Just "git add" is a no-op' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >will-remove &&
+	>will-not-be-added &&
+	git add &&
+	git diff-index --name-status --cached HEAD >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
index ec35409f9c..2a4a749b4f 100755
--- a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -62,5 +62,25 @@ test_expect_success 'can "commit -a" with an i-t-a entry' '
 	git commit -a -m all
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cache-tree invalidates i-t-a paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	: >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+
+	: >dir/bar &&
+	git add -N dir/bar &&
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git write-tree >/dev/null &&
+
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index dc2f0458fd..b2798feef7 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
-	git checkout $allignores &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits $allignores &&
 	rm .git/index
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ EOF
 
 git config core.excludesFile excludes-file
 
-git status | grep "^#	" > output
+git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status | grep "^#	" > output
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 #	.gitignore
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ test_expect_success 'negated exclude matches can override previous ones' '
 	grep "^a.1" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'excluded directory overrides content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="one" --exclude="!one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated directory doesn'\''t affect content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="!one" --exclude="one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
 	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
 	(
@@ -214,10 +232,77 @@ test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (l1)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored directory (setup)' '
+	rm top/l1/l2/l1 &&
+	rm top/l1/.gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored sub-directory (setup)' '
+	> top/l1/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git add -f l1/tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored sub-directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/l2/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored sub-directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'pattern matches prefix completely' '
 	: >expect &&
 	git ls-files -i -o --exclude "/three/a.3[abc]" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns' '
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+a.1
+one/a.1
+one/two/a.1
+three/a.1
+EOF
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "**/a.1" >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns and no slashes' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "one**a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
index 95671c2053..6d3b828a95 100755
--- a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
+++ b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This test prepares the following in the cache:
     path1       - a symlink
     path2/file2 - a file in a directory
     path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju    - a file in a directory
+    submod1/	- a submodule
+    submod2/	- another submodule
 
 and the following on the filesystem:
 
@@ -21,9 +24,12 @@ and the following on the filesystem:
     path4	- a file
     path5	- a symlink
     path6/file6 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju/nk - a file in a directory to be killed
+    submod1/	- a submodule (modified from the cache)
+    submod2/	- a submodule (matches the cache)
 
-git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem
-objects except path4, path5 and path6/file6 to be killed.
+git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem objects
+path0/*, path1/*, path2 and path3 to be killed.
 
 Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
 
@@ -33,75 +39,91 @@ Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
     path10	- a non-empty file, cache dirtied.
 
 We should report path0, path1, path2/file2, path3/file3, path7 and path8
-modified without reporting path9 and path10.
+modified without reporting path9 and path10.  submod1 is also modified.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-date >path0
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s xyzzy path1
-else
-	date > path1
-fi
-mkdir path2 path3
-date >path2/file2
-date >path3/file3
-: >path7
-date >path8
-: >path9
-date >path10
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
-    "git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path?/file? path7 path8 path9 path10"
-
-rm -fr path? ;# leave path10 alone
-date >path2
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s frotz path3
-	ln -s nitfol path5
-else
-	date > path3
-	date > path5
-fi
-mkdir path0 path1 path6
-date >path0/file0
-date >path1/file1
-date >path6/file6
-date >path7
-: >path8
-: >path9
-touch path10
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' \
-    'git ls-files -k >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0/file0
-path1/file1
-path2
-path3
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -k output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' \
-    'git ls-files -m >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0
-path1
-path2/file2
-path3/file3
-path7
-path8
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -m output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --add to add various paths.' '
+	date >path0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 path3 pathx &&
+	date >path2/file2 &&
+	date >path3/file3 &&
+	>pathx/ju &&
+	: >path7 &&
+	date >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	date >path10 &&
+	git update-index --add -- path0 path?/file? pathx/ju path7 path8 path9 path10 &&
+	for i in 1 2
+	do
+		git init submod$i &&
+		(
+			cd submod$i && git commit --allow-empty -m "empty $i"
+		) || break
+	done &&
+	git update-index --add submod[12]
+	(
+		cd submod1 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1 (updated)"
+	) &&
+	rm -fr path?	# leave path10 alone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' '
+	date >path2 &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s frotz path3 &&
+		ln -s nitfol path5
+	else
+		date >path3 &&
+		date >path5
+	fi &&
+	mkdir -p path0 path1 path6 pathx/ju &&
+	date >path0/file0 &&
+	date >path1/file1 &&
+	date >path6/file6 &&
+	date >path7 &&
+	: >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	touch path10 &&
+	>pathx/ju/nk &&
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF
+	path0/file0
+	path1/file1
+	path2
+	path3
+	pathx/ju/nk
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/o icase)' '
+	git ls-files -k >.output
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/ icase)' '
+	git -c core.ignorecase=true ls-files -k >.output
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' '
+	git ls-files -m >.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files -m output.' '
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF &&
+	path0
+	path1
+	path2/file2
+	path3/file3
+	path7
+	path8
+	pathx/ju
+	submod1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index a5e3da7e41..2f96100a5f 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 1' '
 	git branch submod &&
 	git branch copy &&
 	git branch rename &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git branch rename-ln
-	fi &&
+	git branch rename-ln &&
 
 	echo hello >>a &&
 	cp a d/e &&
@@ -260,16 +257,12 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 8' '
 	git add e &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "rename a->e" &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git checkout rename-ln &&
-		git mv a e &&
-		ln -s e a &&
-		git add a e &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
-		oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
-	fi
+	git checkout rename-ln &&
+	git mv a e &&
+	test_ln_s_add e a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
+	oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup 9' '
@@ -569,28 +562,25 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-recursive copy vs. rename' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
-
-		git checkout -f rename &&
-		git merge rename-ln &&
-		( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
-		(
-			echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
-			echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
-		) >expected &&
-		test_cmp expected actual
-	'
-fi
+test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
+
+	git checkout -f rename &&
+	git merge rename-ln &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
+		echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
index 2b17311cb0..5fd7bbb652 100755
--- a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
+++ b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test_description='merge-recursive options
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_have_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR && SED_OPTIONS=-b
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	conflict_hunks () {
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..38446a0e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='wildmatch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+match() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:     match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:  no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    fi
+    if [ $2 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:       match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    elif [ $2 = 0 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:    no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+#    else
+#	test_expect_success BROKEN_FNMATCH "fnmatch:       '$3' '$4'" "
+#	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+#	"
+    fi
+}
+
+imatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch:    match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch: no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+pathmatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:     match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:  no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Basic wildmat features
+match 1 1 foo foo
+match 0 0 foo bar
+match 1 1 '' ""
+match 1 1 foo '???'
+match 0 0 foo '??'
+match 1 1 foo '*'
+match 1 1 foo 'f*'
+match 0 0 foo '*f'
+match 1 1 foo '*foo*'
+match 1 1 foobar '*ob*a*r*'
+match 1 1 aaaaaaabababab '*ab'
+match 1 1 'foo*' 'foo\*'
+match 0 0 foobar 'foo\*bar'
+match 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
+match 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
+match 0 0 ten '[ten]'
+match 0 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
+match 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
+match 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[^a-g]n'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]]b'
+match 1 x a-b 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]-]b'
+match 0 x aab 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x aab 'a[]a-]b'
+match 1 1 ']' ']'
+
+# Extended slash-matching features
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
+match 0 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo?bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo[/]bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 1 'foo-bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 0 'foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 x 'XXX/foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 0 'bar/baz/foo' '**/foo'
+match 0 0 'bar/baz/foo' '*/foo'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz' '**/bar/*'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar**'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '**/bar/*/*'
+
+# Various additional tests
+match 0 0 'acrt' 'a[c-c]st'
+match 1 1 'acrt' 'a[c-c]rt'
+match 0 0 ']' '[!]-]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!]-]'
+match 0 0 '' '\'
+match 0 x '\' '\'
+match 0 x 'XXX/\' '*/\'
+match 1 x 'XXX/\' '*/\\'
+match 1 1 'foo' 'foo'
+match 1 1 '@foo' '@foo'
+match 0 0 'foo' '@foo'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '\[ab]'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '[[]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:]ab]'
+match 0 x '[ab]' '[[::]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:digit]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[\[:]ab]'
+match 1 1 '?a?b' '\??\?b'
+match 1 1 'abc' '\a\b\c'
+match 0 0 'foo' ''
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/to' '**/t[o]'
+
+# Character class tests
+match 1 x 'a1B' '[[:alpha:]][[:digit:]][[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:spaci:]]'
+match 1 x ' ' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '.' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[[:digit:][:punct:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'f' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'D' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[^[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:lower:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'b' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'y' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 0 x 'q' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+
+# Additional tests, including some malformed wildmats
+match 1 x ']' '[\\-^]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[\\-^]'
+match 1 x '-' '[\-_]'
+match 1 x ']' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\]' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 'ab' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'a[]b' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'ab[' 'ab['
+match 0 0 'ab' '[!'
+match 0 0 'ab' '[-'
+match 1 1 '-' '[-]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[a-'
+match 0 0 '-' '[!a-'
+match 1 x '-' '[--A]'
+match 1 x '5' '[--A]'
+match 1 1 ' ' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '$' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[ --]'
+match 0 0 '0' '[ --]'
+match 1 x '-' '[---]'
+match 1 x '-' '[------]'
+match 0 0 'j' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x '-' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!------]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[]-a]'
+match 1 x '^' '[]-a]'
+match 0 0 '^' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 x '[' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 1 '^' '[a^bc]'
+match 1 x '-b]' '[a-]b]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[!\\]'
+match 1 1 'G' '[A-\\]'
+match 0 0 'aaabbb' 'b*a'
+match 0 0 'aabcaa' '*ba*'
+match 1 1 ',' '[,]'
+match 1 1 ',' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '+' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '-.]' '[,-.]'
+match 1 1 '2' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '3' '[\1-\3]'
+match 0 0 '4' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 '[' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 ']' '[[-\]]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[[-\]]'
+
+# Test recursion and the abort code (use "wildtest -i" to see iteration counts)
+match 1 1 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-X-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-/-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 1 1 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/m/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 0 0 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/X/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 1 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txt' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txtz' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 x foo '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bar '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bb/aa/rr '**/**/**'
+match 1 x abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+match 0 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*X*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '**/*X*/**/*i'
+
+pathmatch 1 foo foo
+pathmatch 0 foo fo
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar foo/bar
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*arr'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**arr'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*z'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**z'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo?bar'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo[/]bar'
+pathmatch 0 foo '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bar '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*Xg*i'
+
+# Case-sensitivy features
+match 0 x 'a' '[A-Z]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[A-Z]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[a-z]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[a-z]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-Za]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-Za]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-a]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-a]'
+match 0 x 'z' '[Z-y]'
+match 1 x 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+imatch 1 'a' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'z' '[Z-y]'
+imatch 1 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
index 81d90b66c5..eb73c06a4e 100755
--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
@@ -22,20 +22,8 @@ test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
     'mkdir path2 path2/baz &&
      echo Hi >path0 &&
-     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-     then
-	ln -s path0 path1 &&
-	ln -s ../path1 path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		cat >expected
-	}
-     else
-	printf path0 > path1 &&
-	printf ../path1 > path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		sed -e "s/120000 /100644 /" >expected
-	}
-     fi &&
+     test_ln_s_add path0 path1 &&
+     test_ln_s_add ../path1 path2/bazbo &&
      echo Lo >path2/foo &&
      echo Mi >path2/baz/b &&
      find path? \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@ test_output () {
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree plain' \
     'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive' \
     'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
@@ -73,7 +61,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -t' \
     'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -d' \
     'git ls-tree -r -d $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
@@ -96,7 +84,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -106,7 +94,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path1 path0' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 EOF
@@ -115,7 +103,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path0/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path0/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -124,7 +112,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -133,7 +121,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 100644 blob X	path2/foo
@@ -145,7 +133,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/baz' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -153,14 +141,14 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree -t filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree -t $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -168,7 +156,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree with one path a prefix of the other' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz path2/bazbo >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index 80e6be39d7..0fe7647928 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -7,20 +7,19 @@ test_description='git branch assorted tests'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare a trivial repository' \
-    'echo Hello > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
-     echo World >> A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
-     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
-     test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-     test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
+test_expect_success 'prepare a trivial repository' '
+	echo Hello >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+	echo World >>A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+	test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
@@ -34,63 +33,67 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
 	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
-    'git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc'
+test_expect_success 'git branch abc should create a branch' '
+	git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
-    'git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+test_expect_success 'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' '
+	git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch HEAD should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch HEAD
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git branch -l d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
-	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
-       'git branch j &&
-        git branch -d j &&
-        git branch j/k'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
-       'git branch l/m &&
-        git branch -d l/m &&
-        git branch l'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m dumps usage' \
-       'test_expect_code 129 git branch -m 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git branch" err'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
-       'git branch -l m &&
-        git branch -m m m/m &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
-       'git branch -l n/n &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' '
+	git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' '
+	git branch j &&
+	git branch -d j &&
+	git branch j/k
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' '
+	git branch l/m &&
+	git branch -d l/m &&
+	git branch l
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 128 git branch -m 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "branch name required" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m m m/m should work' '
+	git branch -l m &&
+	git branch -m m m/m &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m n/n n should work' '
+	git branch -l n/n &&
 	git branch -m n/n n &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
 	git branch o/o &&
-        git branch o/p &&
+	git branch o/p &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
 '
 
@@ -248,19 +251,20 @@ mv .git/config-saved .git/config
 
 git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
-       'git branch -l s/s &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' '
+	git branch -l s/s &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
-        git branch -l s/t &&
+	git branch -l s/t &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
-        git branch -d s/t &&
-        git branch -m s/s s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
+	git branch -d s/t &&
+	git branch -m s/s s &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
-	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
-	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' '
+	test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting a symref' '
 	git branch target &&
@@ -281,8 +285,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting a dangling symref' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
-'
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' '
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
@@ -290,146 +293,192 @@ test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master3
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
-     git branch -l u &&
-     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
-     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
-     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch my3 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git branch my6 s &&
-     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
-    'git branch -d my7 &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
-    'git branch my7 s &&
-     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
-     echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
-     git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
-     test_i18ncmp expect actual'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
-    'git branch --track my8 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
-     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' \
-    'git tag foobar &&
-     test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar'
-
-test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' \
-    'test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
-     test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
-     git branch my12
-     git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
-     test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"'
-
-test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' \
-    'git branch my13
-     git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"'
-
-test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' \
-    'git branch my14
-     test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
-     test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
-     git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
-     git branch --unset-upstream &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
-     # fail for a branch without upstream set
-     test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' \
-    'git branch my15
-     git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
-     git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge'
-
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' \
-    'git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
-     git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-     test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+	git branch -l u &&
+	mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+	ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tracking setup fails on non-matching refspec' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch my3 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git branch my6 s &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' '
+	git branch -d my7 &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' '
+	git branch my7 s &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+	echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' '
+	git branch --track my8 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+	git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' '
+	git tag foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing dst branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing src branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to does-not-exist master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to HEAD^{}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch my12 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' '
+	git branch my13 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' '
+	git branch my14 &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
+	# fail for a branch without upstream set
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' '
+	git branch my15 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 
 If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
@@ -437,38 +486,38 @@ If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
     git branch -d origin/master
     git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' \
-    'git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' '
+	git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' \
-    'git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' '
+	git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 # Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout -b makes reflog by default' '
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -739,7 +788,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (bad value)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
-	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >>.git/config &&
 	test_must_fail git branch &&
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
 '
@@ -823,4 +872,39 @@ test_expect_success '--merged catches invalid object names' '
 	test_must_fail git branch --merged 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tracking with unexpected .fetch refspec' '
+	rm -rf a b c d &&
+	git init a &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_commit a
+	) &&
+	git init b &&
+	(
+		cd b &&
+		test_commit b
+	) &&
+	git init c &&
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		test_commit c &&
+		git remote add a ../a &&
+		git remote add b ../b &&
+		git fetch --all
+	) &&
+	git init d &&
+	(
+		cd d &&
+		git remote add c ../c &&
+		git config remote.c.fetch "+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*" &&
+		git fetch c &&
+		git branch --track local/a/master remotes/a/master &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.remote)" = "c" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.merge)" = "refs/remotes/a/master" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify a >expect &&
+		git rev-parse --verify local/a/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index f86f4bc5eb..141b0611ea 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -66,6 +76,16 @@ test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --merged=side master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
 
 	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
@@ -95,4 +115,19 @@ test_expect_success 'master: branch --no-merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
+
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 76fe7e0060..ba4f98e800 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch -v pattern does not show branch summaries' '
 	test_must_fail git branch -v branch*
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-* (no branch)
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (detached from $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
   branch-one
   branch-two
   master
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git branch >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
index cd04361df8..1a2080e3dc 100755
--- a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,37 @@ test_expect_success 'pack, prune and repack' '
 	test_cmp all-of-them again
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'explicit pack-refs with dangling packed reference' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "soon to be garbage-collected" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git pack-refs --all 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref with dangling packed version' '
+	git checkout -b lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref while another dangling packed ref' '
+	git branch lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3b7caca421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for the peel_ref optimization of packed-refs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag in refs/tags' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	git tag -m annotated foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag outside of refs/tags' '
+	git update-ref refs/outside/foo refs/tags/foo
+'
+
+# This matches show-ref's output
+print_ref() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse "$1") $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up expected show-ref output' '
+	{
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo^{}" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo^{}"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (loose)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (packed)' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create old-style pack-refs without fully-peeled' '
+	# Git no longer writes without fully-peeled, so we just write our own
+	# from scratch; we could also munge the existing file to remove the
+	# fully-peeled bits, but that seems even more prone to failure,
+	# especially if the format ever changes again. At least this way we
+	# know we are emulating exactly what an older git would have written.
+	{
+		echo "# pack-refs with: peeled " &&
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		echo "^$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/foo^{}")"
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (old packed)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'peeled refs survive deletion of packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	cp .git/packed-refs fully-peeled &&
+	git branch yadda &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git branch -d yadda &&
+	test_cmp fully-peeled .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index 1de0ebda25..ebf93b0695 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branches' '
 	echo Side >>C &&
 	git add C &&
 	git commit -m "Add C" &&
-	git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
-	echo Edit >>B &&
-	git add B &&
-	git commit -m "Modify B" &&
-	git merge side &&
-	git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	git merge master &&
 	git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
 	git tag topic
 '
@@ -66,26 +59,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase against master' '
 	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
-	git rebase master >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
-	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+test_expect_success 'rebase, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase my-topic-branch^ &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/Add B") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/Add A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/Add A" ":/Add B" &&
+	git checkout my-topic-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
@@ -101,29 +83,14 @@ test_expect_success 'HEAD was detached during rebase' '
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
-	git reset --hard topic &&
-	git merge master &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
-	git checkout nonlinear &&
-	test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
-	git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
+	git checkout -b topic side &&
+	git rebase master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D topic &&
 	echo 1 >X &&
 	git add X &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -138,8 +105,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
-	git config diff.renames copies &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	test_config diff.renames copies &&
 	git checkout filemove &&
 	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
 '
@@ -179,7 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'default to @{upstream} when upstream arg is missing' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
 	git checkout -b quiet topic &&
 	git rebase -q master >output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 58f4823783..0000000000
--- a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
-#
-
-test_description='git rebase should detect patches integrated upstream
-
-This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
-checks that git rebase succeeds with only the second patch in the
-local branch.
-'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branch' '
-	test_commit A &&
-	git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
-	test_commit B &&
-	test_commit C &&
-	git checkout -f master &&
-	test_commit A2 A.t
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pick top patch from topic branch into master' '
-	git cherry-pick C &&
-	git checkout -f my-topic-branch
-'
-
-test_debug '
-	git cherry master &&
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index master >/dev/null &&
-	gitk --all & sleep 1
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase topic branch against new master and check git am did not get halted' '
-	git rebase master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --merge topic branch that was partially merged upstream' '
-	git reset --hard C &&
-	git rebase --merge master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase ignores empty commit' '
-	git reset --hard A &&
-	git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
-	test_commit D &&
-	git rebase C &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty' '
-	git reset --hard D &&
-	git rebase --keep-empty C &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D
-empty"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream' '
-	git reset --hard A &&
-	git commit --allow-empty -m also-empty &&
-	git rebase --keep-empty D &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s A..)" = "also-empty
-D
-empty"
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
index 826500bd18..3968020e64 100755
--- a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
+++ b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with --merge' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with --merge' '
 	git rebase --skip
-	'
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' \
-	'test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"'
+test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' '
+	test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'moved back to branch correctly' '
 	test refs/heads/skip-merge = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 32fdc9938e..50e22b1cad 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -29,14 +29,6 @@ Initial setup:
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
-set_fake_editor
-
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
 # in the expect2 file for the 'stop on conflicting pick' test.
 
@@ -78,6 +70,7 @@ export SHELL
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-one
 		2 exec_>touch-two exec_false exec_>touch-three
 		3 4 exec_>\"touch-file__name_with_spaces\";_>touch-after-semicolon 5" &&
@@ -99,6 +92,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	mkdir subdir && (cd subdir &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-subdir" \
 		git rebase -i HEAD^
 	) &&
@@ -109,6 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
@@ -122,6 +117,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1
@@ -131,6 +127,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
 
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
@@ -140,6 +137,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 	git checkout -b dead-end &&
 	git rm file6 &&
 	git commit -m "stop here" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F branch2 &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
@@ -148,6 +146,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 
 test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 	git checkout -b test-onto branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto branch1 F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/test-onto" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
@@ -157,6 +156,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase on top of a non-conflicting commit' '
 	git checkout branch1 &&
 	git tag original-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch2 &&
 	test file6 = $(git diff --name-only original-branch1) &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
@@ -214,6 +216,7 @@ test_expect_success 'abort' '
 test_expect_success 'abort with error when new base cannot be checked out' '
 	git rm --cached file1 &&
 	git commit -m "remove file in base" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master > output 2>&1 &&
 	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" \
 		output &&
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
 	git tag twerp &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto master HEAD^ &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
 '
@@ -238,6 +242,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Nitfol" git commit -m "nitfol" file7 &&
 	echo "******************************" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i --onto master HEAD~2 &&
 	test B = $(cat file7) &&
@@ -250,6 +255,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship when squashing' '
 
 test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@ test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 
 test_expect_failure 'exchange two commits with -p' '
 	git checkout H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i -p HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -293,6 +300,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 	git commit -m M file1 &&
 	git checkout -b to-be-rebased &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p --onto branch1 master &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -307,6 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
 	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -320,6 +329,7 @@ test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -331,6 +341,7 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
 	git reset --hard master@{1} &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -v -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -340,6 +351,7 @@ test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 squash 3 squash 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -350,6 +362,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 	git checkout -b multi-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="NEVER" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 fixup 3 fixup 4" \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
@@ -361,6 +374,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -379,6 +393,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -405,6 +420,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 squash 3 fixup 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -417,6 +433,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 	git checkout -b skip-comments E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="# 1 # squash 2 # squash 3 # squash 4 #" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -429,6 +446,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 	git checkout -b skip-blank-lines E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="> 1 > squash 2 > squash 3 > squash 4 >" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -441,6 +459,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
@@ -449,6 +468,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -466,6 +486,7 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -483,21 +504,14 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ignore patch if in upstream' '
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
-	git checkout -b has-cherry-picked HEAD^ &&
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	echo unrelated > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "unrelated change" &&
-	git cherry-pick $HEAD &&
-	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i $HEAD &&
-	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	parent=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo edited > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -510,6 +524,7 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -524,6 +539,7 @@ test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 
 test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -542,6 +558,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 test_expect_success 'clean error after failed "exec"' '
 	test_tick &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || :" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -557,6 +574,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a detached HEAD' '
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
@@ -573,6 +591,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a commit violating pre-commit' '
 	test_must_fail git commit -m doesnt-verify file1 &&
 	git commit -m doesnt-verify --no-verify file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES=2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
 
 '
@@ -594,6 +613,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with a file named HEAD in worktree' '
 		git commit -m "Add body"
 	) &&
 
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
 	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
 
@@ -605,6 +625,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do "noop" when there is nothing to cherry-pick' '
 	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
 		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch3 &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
 
@@ -629,10 +650,12 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule rebase setup' '
 		git commit -a -m "submodule second"
 	) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git commit -a -m "Three changes submodule"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule rebase -i' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 3" git rebase -i A
 '
 
@@ -650,6 +673,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule conflict setup' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with only submodule staged' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
 	git add sub &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
@@ -659,6 +683,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with only submodule staged' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with unstaged submodule' '
 	git checkout submodule-topic &&
 	git reset --hard &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
 	git reset &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
@@ -671,6 +696,7 @@ test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 	test-chmtime =123456789 file3 &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
 	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	MTIME=$(test-chmtime -v +0 file3 | sed 's/[^0-9].*$//') &&
@@ -679,6 +705,7 @@ test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 
 test_expect_success 'reword' '
 	git checkout -b reword-branch master &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 reword 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="E changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "E changed" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse master) != $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
@@ -698,7 +725,8 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes' '
 	test_commit n2 &&
 	test_commit n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"a note" n3 &&
-	git rebase --onto n1 n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto n1 n2 &&
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
@@ -711,6 +739,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes over a fixup' '
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
 	git notes show > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
@@ -720,6 +749,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase while detaching HEAD' '
 	git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 HEAD^0 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
@@ -729,6 +759,7 @@ test_tick # Ensure that the rebased commits get a different timestamp.
 test_expect_success 'always cherry-pick with --no-ff' '
 	git checkout no-ff-branch &&
 	git tag original-no-ff-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --no-ff A &&
 	touch empty &&
 	for p in 0 1 2
@@ -761,6 +792,7 @@ test_expect_success 'set up commits with funny messages' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase-i history with funny messages' '
 	git rev-list A..funny >expect &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" git rebase -i A &&
 	git rev-list A.. >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -777,6 +809,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase -i --exec' '
 
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -790,6 +823,7 @@ test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" -i HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -803,6 +837,7 @@ test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -816,6 +851,7 @@ test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD; pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd 2 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd" &&
@@ -829,6 +865,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several instances of --exec' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --exec "pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd 2
@@ -850,6 +887,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with --autosquash' '
 	echo bis >bis.txt &&
 	git add bis.txt &&
 	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		git checkout -b autosquash_actual &&
 		git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --autosquash HEAD~4 >actual
@@ -868,6 +906,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with --autosquash' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --exec without -i shows error message' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 2>actual &&
 	echo "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option" >expected &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
@@ -876,6 +915,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase --exec without -i shows error message' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --exec 2>tmp &&
 	sed -e "1d" tmp >actual &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -h >expected &&
@@ -885,6 +925,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root re-order and drop commits' '
 	git checkout E &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="3 1 2 5" git rebase -i --root &&
 	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
@@ -898,6 +939,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
 	echo B >file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^author Twerp Snog" &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^different author$"
@@ -906,6 +948,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
 	git checkout B &&
 	(
+		set_fake_editor &&
 		FAKE_LINES="2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase -i --root
@@ -916,6 +959,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
 	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i --root &&
 	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test B = $(git show HEAD:file1) &&
@@ -925,6 +969,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout conflict-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD~ &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --edit-todo &&
 	git rebase --abort
@@ -933,6 +978,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase
 test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout no-conflict-branch^0 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2 3" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase --edit-todo &&
 	git rebase --continue
@@ -940,4 +986,92 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
 	test L = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i produces readable reflog' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git branch -f branch-reflog-test H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto I F branch-reflog-test &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	rebase -i (start): checkout I
+	rebase -i (pick): G
+	rebase -i (pick): H
+	rebase -i (finish): returning to refs/heads/branch-reflog-test
+	EOF
+	tail -n 4 .git/logs/HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/.*	//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects core.commentchar' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout E^0 &&
+	test_config core.commentchar "\\" &&
+	write_script remove-all-but-first.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "2,\$s/^/\\\\/" "$1" >"$1.tmp" &&
+	mv "$1.tmp" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/remove-all-but-first.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i B &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase branch1 &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/J") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard branch1 &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/A" ":/J" &&
+	git checkout branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with --strategy and -X' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-merge-use-theirs conflict-branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >conflict &&
+	echo Z >file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m "one file conflict" &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i --strategy=recursive -Xours conflict-branch &&
+	test $(git show conflict-branch:conflict) = $(cat conflict) &&
+	test $(cat file1) = Z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i error on commits with \ in message' '
+	current_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort; git reset --hard $current_head; rm -f error" &&
+	test_commit TO-REMOVE will-conflict old-content &&
+	test_commit "\temp" will-conflict new-content dummy &&
+	(
+	EDITOR=true &&
+	export EDITOR &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error
+	) &&
+	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 setup' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan collide &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_commit collide1 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide2 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide3 collide
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 collide' '
+	test_when_finished "reset_rebase && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout collide &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 ac4f2ee" \
+	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~2
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index e6a9a0d436..0392e36d23 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@ test_description='messages from rebase operation'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-quick_one () {
-	echo "$1" >"file$1" &&
-	git add "file$1" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1"
-}
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit O fileO &&
+	test_commit X fileX &&
+	test_commit A fileA &&
+	test_commit B fileB &&
+	test_commit Y fileY &&
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	quick_one O &&
-	git branch topic &&
-	quick_one X &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Y &&
-
-	git checkout topic &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Z &&
+	git checkout -b topic O &&
+	git cherry-pick A B &&
+	test_commit Z fileZ &&
 	git tag start
-
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -34,12 +24,32 @@ Committed: 0003 Z
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
-
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
+	git rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
+	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date, rebase forced" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase master topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to topic" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 6de4e2263f..8c251c57a6 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@ Run "git rebase -p" and check that merges are properly carried along
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
-# Clone 1 (trivial merge):
-#
-# A1--A2  <-- origin/master
-#  \   \
-#   B1--M  <-- topic
-#    \
-#     B2  <-- origin/topic
-#
 # Clone 2 (conflicting merge):
 #
 # A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
@@ -37,15 +29,7 @@ export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 #      \
 #       B2     <-- origin/topic
 #
-# Clone 4 (merge using second parent as base):
-#
-# A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
-#  \
-#   B1--A3--M  <-- topic
-#    \     /
-#     \--A4    <-- topic2
-#      \
-#       B2     <-- origin/topic
+# Clone 4 (same as Clone 3)
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	'echo First > A &&
@@ -58,20 +42,6 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	echo Third >> A &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify A2" &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone1 &&
-	(cd clone1 &&
-	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-	git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone4 &&
-	(
-		cd clone4 &&
-		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-		git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
 	echo Fifth > B &&
 	git add B &&
 	git commit -m "Add different B" &&
@@ -96,21 +66,21 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 		git merge --no-ff topic2
 	) &&
 
+	git clone ./. clone4 &&
+	(
+		cd clone4 &&
+		git checkout -b topic2 origin/topic &&
+		echo Sixth > A &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify A3" &&
+		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+		git merge --no-ff topic2
+	) &&
+
 	git checkout topic &&
 	echo Fourth >> B &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify B2"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p fakes interactive rebase' '
-	(
-	cd clone1 &&
-	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
-	)
-'
-
 test_expect_success '--continue works after a conflict' '
 	(
 	cd clone2 &&
@@ -138,14 +108,14 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -p preserves no-ff merges' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p works when base inside second parent' '
+test_expect_success 'rebase -p ignores merge.log config' '
 	(
 	cd clone4 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p HEAD^2 &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify B" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
+	git -c merge.log=1 rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	echo >expected &&
+	git log --format="%b" -1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index a1e86c4097..41370ab998 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ test_description='auto squash'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo 0 >file0 &&
 	git add . &&
@@ -193,4 +195,59 @@ test_expect_success 'use commit --squash' '
 	test_auto_commit_flags squash 2
 '
 
+test_auto_fixup_fixup () {
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! first" &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! $2! first" &&
+	git tag "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		set_cat_todo_editor &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ >actual &&
+		cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^^) first commit
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) $1! first
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) $1! $2! first
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) second commit
+		EOF
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	) &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+	git diff --exit-code "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test 2 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	if test "$1" = "fixup"
+	then
+		test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	elif test "$1" = "squash"
+	then
+		test 3 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash fixup
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..90eb26493c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Ramkumar Ramachandra
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --autostash tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello-world >file0 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	git checkout -b feature-branch &&
+	echo another-hello >file1 &&
+	echo goodbye >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
+	echo final-goodbye >file3 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "third commit" &&
+	git checkout -b unrelated-onto-branch master &&
+	echo unrelated >file4 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated commit" &&
+	git checkout -b related-onto-branch master &&
+	echo conflicting-change >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "related commit"
+'
+
+testrebase() {
+	type=$1
+	dotest=$2
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty worktree, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty index, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git add file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		rm -rf $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --continue" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		echo "conflicting-plus-goodbye" >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git rebase --continue &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --skip" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --skip &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --abort" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: non-conflicting rebase, conflicting stash" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >file4 &&
+		git add file4 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		! grep dirty file4 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch &&
+		git stash pop &&
+		grep dirty file4
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: fast-forward rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b behind-feature-branch feature-branch~1 &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D behind-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: noop rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b same-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D same-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+testrebase "" .git/rebase-apply
+testrebase " --merge" .git/rebase-merge
+testrebase " --interactive" .git/rebase-merge
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c55cba198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic rebase topology tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "simple rebase $*" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c e &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* is no-op if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* b e &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f rewrites even if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f b e &&
+		! test_cmp_rev e HEAD &&
+		test_cmp_rev b HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' b..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* fast-forwards from ancestor of upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e b &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for range selection tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* can drop last patch if in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h gp &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD^ &&
+		test_linear_range 'd' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto f h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev f HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' f..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto does not drop patches in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto h f i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd gp i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+# a---b---c---j!
+#      \
+#       d---k!--l
+#
+# ! = empty
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for empty commit tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	make_empty j &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	make_empty k &&
+	test_commit l
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops empty commit" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty j l &&
+		test_cmp_rev j HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' j..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+#       m
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g
+#
+# x---y---bp
+#
+# bp = cherry-picked b
+# m = reverted b
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for test involving root' '
+	git checkout b &&
+	revert m b &&
+	git checkout --orphan disjoint &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	test_commit x &&
+	test_commit y &&
+	cherry_pick bp b
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto c --root y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root with merge-base does not go to root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root g &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'c g' m..
+	"
+}
+
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* m bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --root on linear history is a no-op" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --root c &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase failure ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f --root on linear history causes re-write" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f --root c &&
+		! test_cmp_rev a HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'a b c' HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1d195fbd64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase topology tests with merges'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+test_revision_subjects () {
+	expected="$1"
+	shift
+	set -- $(git log --format=%s --no-walk=unsorted "$@")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+# a---b-----------c
+#      \           \
+#       d-------e   \
+#        \       \   \
+#         n---o---w---v
+#              \
+#               z
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+
+	git checkout d &&
+	test_commit n &&
+	test_commit o &&
+	test_merge w e &&
+	test_merge v c &&
+	git checkout o &&
+	test_commit z
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* after merge from upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e w &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'n o' e..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized in place" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* d w &&
+		test_cmp_rev d HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" d..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c w &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history with merges after upstream merge is linearized" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c v &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op in non-linear history" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op when base inside second parent" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p e w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p --root on non-linear history is a no-op" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --root w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates merge from side branch" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p z w &&
+	test_cmp_rev z HEAD^ &&
+	test_cmp_rev w^2 HEAD^2
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates internal merge" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~3 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd n e o w' HEAD~3 HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p can re-create two branches on onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto c d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD^2^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'n e o w' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#        \       \
+#         e-------u
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for patch-equivalence tests' '
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge u i
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates history around dropped commit matching upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history drops patches in upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto f h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev f HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history does not drop patches in onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto h f u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2~2 HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd gp i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2^ HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--s
+#        \   \ /
+#         \   X
+#          \ / \
+#           e---t
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for dropping whole side' '
+	git checkout gp &&
+	test_merge s e &&
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge t gp
+'
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire first-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h s &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire second-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h t &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+#        \   \
+#         n---r
+#          \
+#           o
+#
+# r = tree-same with n
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for empty commits' '
+	git checkout n &&
+	git merge --no-commit e &&
+	git reset n . &&
+	git commit -m r &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git tag r
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty internal merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c r &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd e n r' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p o r &&
+	test_cmp_rev e HEAD^2 &&
+	test_cmp_rev o HEAD^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'r' HEAD
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 34c86e5de6..bff6ffe088 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -100,4 +100,33 @@ test_expect_success 'revert forbidden on dirty working tree' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick initial &&
+	git diff --quiet initial &&
+	! test_cmp_rev initial HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" to pick from previous branch' '
+	git checkout unborn &&
+	test_commit to-pick actual content &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick - &&
+	echo content >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" is meaningless without checkout' '
+	test_create_repo afresh &&
+	(
+		cd afresh &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_must_fail git cherry-pick -
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index a0c6e30d80..fbdc47cfbd 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -28,29 +28,21 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch^
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message with --allow-empty-message' '
@@ -101,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a no-op with --keep-redundant' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout fork^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits master &&
-	git show -s --format='%s' >actual &&
+	git show -s --format=%s >actual &&
 	echo "add file2 on master" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
index 51ca391e47..fb889ac6f0 100755
--- a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
+++ b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
@@ -105,4 +105,12 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry pick a root commit with --ff' '
 	test "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "1df192cd8bc58a2b275d842cede4d221ad9000d1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick --ff first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index c82f7210c4..223b98433c 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ test_description='test cherry-pick and revert with conflicts
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 pristine_detach () {
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
 	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
diff --git a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
index 340afc760d..19c99d7ef1 100755
--- a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
+++ b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ test_description='test cherry-picking many commits'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check_head_differs_from() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" != "$arg"
+	! test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 check_head_equals() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" = "$arg"
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -59,6 +55,12 @@ one
 two"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two: fails' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick three one two:
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'output to keep user entertained during multi-pick' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	[master OBJID] second
diff --git a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
index df921d1f33..1e5b3948df 100755
--- a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
@@ -10,17 +10,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Initialize repository' '
 	git commit -m a
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
 	mkdir b &&
-	ln -s ../a b/a &&
-	git add b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../a b/a &&
 	git commit -m b &&
 
 	git checkout -b branch &&
 	rm b/a &&
-	mv a b/a &&
-	ln -s b/a a &&
-	git add . &&
+	git mv a b/a &&
+	test_ln_s_add b/a a &&
 	git commit -m swap &&
 
 	>f1 &&
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts
 	git commit -m f1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick branch
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Setup rename with file on one side matching different dirna
 	echo content > sub/file &&
 	echo foo > othersub/whatever &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf othersub &&
 	git mv sub/file othersub &&
diff --git a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
index b5fb527b2e..7b7a89dbd5 100755
--- a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
+++ b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ pristine_detach () {
 	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
 }
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 test_expect_success setup '
 	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
 	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
diff --git a/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f97727975b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cherry-pick -x and -s'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pristine_detach () {
+	git cherry-pick --quit &&
+	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
+}
+
+mesg_one_line='base: commit message'
+
+mesg_no_footer="$mesg_one_line
+
+OneWordBodyThatsNotA-S-o-B"
+
+mesg_with_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+Signed-off-by: A.U. Thor <author@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: B.U. Thor <buthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_broken_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+The signed-off-by string should begin with the words Signed-off-by followed
+by a colon and space, and then the signers name and email address. e.g.
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_footer_sob="$mesg_with_footer
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_cherry_footer="$mesg_with_footer_sob
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: C.U. Thor <cuthor@example.com>"
+
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
+	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
+	git add unrelated &&
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_one_line" foo b mesg-one-line &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_no_footer" foo b mesg-no-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_broken_footer" foo b mesg-broken-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer" foo b mesg-with-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer_sob" foo b mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_cherry_footer" foo b mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_commit conflicting unrelated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-one-line^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after non-conforming footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-broken-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_broken_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s refrains from adding duplicate trailing sob' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob even when trailing sob exists for committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer-sob^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 06f63848ea..639cb70941 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
 '
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
+M  .gitmodules
 D  submod
 EOF
 
@@ -270,6 +271,15 @@ cat >expect.modified <<EOF
  M submod
 EOF
 
+cat >expect.cached <<EOF
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.both_deleted<<EOF
+D  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
 	mkdir submod &&
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) submod &&
@@ -281,16 +291,20 @@ test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
 	git rm submod &&
 	test ! -e submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index' '
+test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index and .gitmodules' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git submodule update &&
 	rm -rf submod &&
 	git rm submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
@@ -299,7 +313,9 @@ test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
 	git rm submod &&
 	test ! -d submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm removes a submodule with a trailing /' '
@@ -333,6 +349,72 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with different HEAD fails unles
 	git rm -f submod &&
 	test ! -d submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --cached leaves work tree of populated submodules and .gitmodules alone' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.cached actual &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm -n submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.both_deleted actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- submod &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=submod" >expect.err &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -427,7 +509,9 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with different HEAD
 	git rm -f submod &&
 	test ! -d submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
@@ -446,7 +530,9 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications f
 	git rm -f submod &&
 	test ! -d submod &&
 	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
@@ -474,7 +560,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with a .git director
 	git submodule update &&
 	(cd submod &&
 		rm .git &&
-		cp -a ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
 	) &&
 	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
@@ -508,7 +594,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with a .git directory fails eve
 	git submodule update &&
 	(cd submod &&
 		rm .git &&
-		cp -a ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
 	) &&
 	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
@@ -606,7 +692,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git direc
 	git submodule update --recursive &&
 	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
 		rm .git &&
-		cp -a ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
+		cp -R ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
 	) &&
 	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
@@ -622,4 +708,165 @@ test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git direc
 	rm -rf submod
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rm of d/f when d has become a non-directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test_path_is_file d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm of d/f when d has become a dangling symlink' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	ln -s nonexistent d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_missing d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of file when it has become a directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -f d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	test_path_is_file d/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (no index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir e &&
+	echo content >e/f &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "symlink d to e, e/f exists" &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :e/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (w/ index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	echo content >d/f &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "d/f exists" &&
+	mv d e &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing rm messages' '
+	>bar.txt &&
+	>foo.txt &&
+	git add bar.txt foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content1 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content1 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content2 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content2 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "testing rm 3" &&
+	echo content3 >foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    bar.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content4 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content5 >foo.txt &&
+	git add foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with two different errors' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    foo1.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    bar1.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content >foo1.txt &&
+	git add foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >bar1.txt &&
+	git add bar1.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm bar1.txt foo1.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3700-add.sh b/t/t3700-add.sh
index 874b3a6444..aab86e838b 100755
--- a/t/t3700-add.sh
+++ b/t/t3700-add.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo1 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo1 &&
-	git add xfoo1 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo1 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
@@ -51,21 +50,19 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo2 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo2 &&
-	git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo2 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo2) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	esac
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
 	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
-	 ln -s xfoo2 xfoo3 &&
-	 git update-index --add xfoo3 &&
+	 test_ln_s_add xfoo2 xfoo3 &&	# runs git update-index --add
 	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo3`" in
 	 120000" "*xfoo3) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo3; (exit 1);;
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 098a6ae4a0..9dc91d09d7 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -4,18 +4,24 @@ test_description='add -i basic tests'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (initial)' '
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping add -i tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (initial)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d95f3ad
@@ -26,19 +32,19 @@ index 0000000..d95f3ad
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git ls-files >output &&
 	! grep . output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo baseline >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m commit &&
@@ -47,12 +53,12 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (commit)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -63,12 +69,12 @@ index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
@@ -76,24 +82,24 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	>fake_editor.sh &&
 	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'dummy edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'dummy edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo a) | git add -p &&
 	git diff > diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
  this
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
 	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
 mv -f "$1" oldpatch &&
@@ -113,26 +119,26 @@ EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'bad edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'bad edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 this patch
 is garbage
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'garbage edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'garbage edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
  baseline
@@ -142,7 +148,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
@@ -157,13 +163,13 @@ index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'real edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'real edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p &&
 	git diff >output &&
 	test_cmp expected output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
+test_expect_success 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 	git reset &&
 	echo file >.gitignore &&
 	echo changed >file &&
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 '
 rm -f .gitignore
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -186,7 +192,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git diff file | grep "new mode"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -196,7 +202,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -208,14 +214,14 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 
 # end of tests disabled when filemode is not usable
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup again' '
+test_expect_success 'setup again' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_chmod +x file &&
 	echo content >>file
 '
 
 # Write the patch file with a new line at the top and bottom
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Expected output, similar to the patch but w/ diff at the top
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b6f2c08..61b9053 100755
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Test splitting the first patch, then adding both
-test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
+test_expect_success 'add first line works' '
 	git commit -am "clear local changes" &&
 	git apply patch &&
 	(echo s; echo y; echo y) | git add -p file &&
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/non-empty b/non-empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -264,7 +270,7 @@ index d95f3ad..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >non-empty &&
 	git add non-empty &&
@@ -275,7 +281,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/empty b/empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -283,7 +289,7 @@ index e69de29..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting an empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	> empty &&
 	git add empty &&
@@ -294,7 +300,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk setup' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	for i in 10 20 30 40 50 60
 	do
@@ -310,7 +316,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
 	done >test
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# Split, say Edit and do nothing.  Then:
 	#
 	# 1. Broken version results in a patch that does not apply and
@@ -319,7 +325,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# times to get out.
 	#
 	# 2. Correct version applies the (not)edited version, and asks
-	#    about the next hunk, against wich we say q and program
+	#    about the next hunk, against which we say q and program
 	#    exits.
 	for a in s e     q n q q
 	do
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
index 37ddabba2d..4bf1dbe9c9 100755
--- a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -34,11 +34,47 @@ test_expect_success 'no encoding header for base case' '
 	test z = "z$E"
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
+test_expect_success 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
 	echo UTF-16 >F &&
-	git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 invalid characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 characters" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nInvalid surrogate:\355\240\200\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 overlong sequences rejected' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 overlong" >F &&
+	printf "\340\202\251ommit message\n\nThis is not a space:\300\240\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 1" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\364\217\277\276\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 2." >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\357\267\220\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
 
 for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
 do
diff --git a/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2257f05a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index 5dfbda7491..debda7a678 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -200,17 +200,17 @@ test_expect_success 'apply -q is quiet' '
 	echo foo > file &&
 	git stash &&
 	git stash apply -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'save -q is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash pop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet &&
 	git stash pop -q --index > output.out 2>&1 &&
 	test foo = "$(git show :file)" &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'drop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash &&
 	git stash drop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash -k' '
@@ -336,41 +336,58 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash file to symlink (full stage)' '
 
 # This test creates a commit with a symlink used for the following tests
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-	ln -s file filelink &&
-	git add filelink &&
+	test_ln_s_add file filelink &&
 	git commit -m "Add symlink" &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
 	git add filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
@@ -637,4 +654,23 @@ test_expect_success 'stash where working directory contains "HEAD" file' '
 	test_cmp output expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'store called with invalid commit' '
+	test_must_fail git stash store foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store updates stash ref and reflog' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo quux >bazzy &&
+	git add bazzy &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	! grep quux bazzy &&
+	git stash store -m quuxery $STASH_ID &&
+	test $(cat .git/refs/stash) = $STASH_ID &&
+	grep $STASH_ID .git/logs/refs/stash &&
+	git stash pop &&
+	grep quux bazzy
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
index 5fe57c5438..e4ba6013e4 100755
--- a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Alongc=$Alongc$AEligatu$AEligatu                     #254 Byte
 
 test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
 	precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
-	test "$precomposeunicode" = false &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = true &&
 	git config core.precomposeunicode true
 '
 test_expect_success "setup" '
diff --git a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
index 6ddd46915d..8de36b7d12 100755
--- a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
+++ b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ line 3'
 cat path0 >path1
 chmod +x path1
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' \
-    'git update-index --add path0 path1'
+test_expect_success 'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' '
+	git update-index --add path0 path1
+'
 
 mv path0 path0-
 sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0- >path0
 chmod +x path0
 rm -f path1
-test_expect_success \
-    'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' \
-    'git diff-files -p >current'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' '
+	git diff-files -p >actual
+'
 
 # that's as far as it comes
 if [ "$(git config --get core.filemode)" = false ]
@@ -55,8 +55,38 @@ deleted file mode 100755
 -line 3
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files -p output.' \
-    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files -p output.' '
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -s after editing work tree' '
+	git diff-files -s >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch as synonym for -s' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch shows the patch' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw shows the patch and raw data' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw >actual &&
+	grep -q "^:100644 100755 .* 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0\$" actual &&
+	tail -n +4 actual >actual-patch &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --patch --no-patch does not show the patch' '
+	git diff-files --patch --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
index 844277cfa6..2f327b7495 100755
--- a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -102,4 +102,58 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for many rename source candidates' '
 	grep warning actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with nothing in common' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/ &&
+	: >a/b/c &&
+	git add a/b/c &&
+	git commit -m "create a/b/c" &&
+	mkdir -p c/b/ &&
+	git mv a/b/c c/b/a &&
+	git commit -m "a/b/c -> c/b/a" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix' '
+	mkdir -p c/d &&
+	git mv c/b/a c/d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/b/a -> c/d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common suffix' '
+	mkdir d &&
+	git mv c/d/e d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/d/e -> d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix and suffix' '
+	mkdir d/f &&
+	git mv d/e d/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/e -> d/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print common prefix and suffix overlap' '
+	mkdir d/f/f &&
+	git mv d/f/e d/f/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/f/e d/f/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
index 73b4a24f5e..27e98a8f9d 100755
--- a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -B -M (#4)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'make file0 into something completely different' \
     'rm -f file0 &&
-     ln -s frotz file0 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
+     test_ln_s_add frotz file0 &&
+     git update-index file1'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'run diff with -B' \
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ cat >expected <<\EOF
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -B (#5)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ cat >expected <<\EOF
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R	file0	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -B -M (#6)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ cat >expected <<\EOF
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -M (#7)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
diff --git a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
index f0d5041c11..13e7f621ab 100755
--- a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ test_description='Test diff of symlinks.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff new symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff new symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	new file mode 120000
@@ -27,22 +27,25 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff new symlink and file' '
 	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 	+xyzzy
 	EOF
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+
+	# the empty tree
 	git update-index &&
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-	git update-index --add frotz nitfol &&
+
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	git update-index --add nitfol &&
 	GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
+test_expect_success 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	git update-index frotz nitfol &&
 	test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff removed symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff removed symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	deleted file mode 120000
@@ -66,12 +69,18 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff removed symlink and file' '
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
 	>expected &&
 	rm -f frotz nitfol &&
 	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
 	test-chmtime +10 nitfol &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s xyzzy frotz
+	else
+		printf xyzzy >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
 	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current &&
 
@@ -80,7 +89,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff different symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff different symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
@@ -100,7 +109,13 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff different symlink and file' '
 	+yxyyz
 	EOF
 	rm -f frotz &&
-	ln -s yxyyz frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s yxyyz frotz
+	else
+		printf yxyyz >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
 	echo yxyyz >nitfol &&
 	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index 16a4ca1d60..668933bfb2 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'additional command line cc (rfc822)' '
 	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
 	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
-	grep "^ *"S. E. Cipient" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+	grep "^ *\"S. E. Cipient\" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ test_expect_success 'command line To: header (ascii)' '
 test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
-	grep "^To: "R. E. Cipient" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc2047)' '
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git config format.to "R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
-	grep "^To: "R. E. Cipient" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc2047)' '
@@ -271,6 +271,22 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
 	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reroll count' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter --reroll-count 4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reroll count (-v)' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter -v4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
 check_threading () {
 	expect="$1" &&
 	shift &&
@@ -726,21 +742,21 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature --cover-letter' '
 	test 2 = $(grep "my sig" output | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format.signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format.signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git config format.signature "" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature suppresses signatures' '
 	git config --unset-all format.signature &&
 	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git format-patch --stdout --signature="" -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
@@ -821,25 +837,26 @@ Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar?=
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (rfc2047)' '
 	rm -rf patches/ &&
@@ -955,6 +972,311 @@ test_expect_success 'empty subject prefix does not have extra space' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--from=ident notices bogus ident' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch -1 --stdout --from=foo >patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from=ident replaces author' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="Me <me@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: Me <me@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from uses committer ident' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-body headers trigger content encoding' '
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="éxötìc" test_commit exotic &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+
+	From: éxötìc <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^Content-Type/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+append_signoff()
+{
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD) &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signoff $C^..$C >append_signoff.patch &&
+	sed -n -e "1,/^---$/p" append_signoff.patch |
+		egrep -n "^Subject|Sign|^$"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with no body' '
+	append_signoff </dev/null >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF | sed "s/EOL$//" >expected &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] EOL
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject' '
+	echo subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject that does not end with NL' '
+	printf subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs and no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nbody" | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: misc conforming footer elements' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: Some One <someone@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff-alike' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+Fooled-by-me: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff (2)' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+My unfortunate
+Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: valid S-o-b paragraph in the middle' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+Signed-off-by: your@house
+
+A lot of houses.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: my@house
+10:Signed-off-by: your@house
+11:
+13:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end, no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nSigned-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" |
+		append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff NOT at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+12:Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: detect garbage in non-conforming footer' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Tested-by: my@house
+Some Trash
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+13:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+14:
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: footer begins with non-signoff without @ sign' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Reviewed-id: Noone
+Tested-by: my@house
+Change-id: Ideadbeef
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_unconfig color.ui &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >expect &&
@@ -963,4 +1285,79 @@ test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (1)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (2)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter rebuild-1~2..rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (3)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter ^master rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (4)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master.. >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (5)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 HEAD >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (6)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter with nothing' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto user override' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index cc3db1304e..3fb4b976a2 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -142,6 +142,351 @@ EOF
 git diff --ignore-space-at-eol > out
 test_expect_success 'another test, with --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i \\
+" >x &&
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines with space' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i \ " >x &&
+	git diff -w --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: after change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+
+	7
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	+
+	 1
+	 2
+	-
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: before change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	+
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes (with interhunkctx)' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=2 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	 9
+	+
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: scattered spaces' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+
+
+	7
+
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	@@ -8,3 +15,4 @@
+	 8
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: spaces coalesce' '
+	test_seq 6 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	+
+	 4
+	+
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: mix changes and blank lines' '
+	test_seq 16 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	change
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	11
+	change
+	12
+	13
+	14
+
+	15
+	16
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+change
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	@@ -9,8 +13,11 @@
+	 9
+	 10
+	 11
+	+change
+	 12
+	 13
+	 14
+	+
+	 15
+	 16
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check mixed spaces and tabs in indent' '
 
 	# This is indented with SP HT SP.
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 082d3e83bd..38a092a0da 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -93,11 +93,6 @@ sed -e '
 	s/song;/song();/
 ' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
 
-test_config () {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_funcname () {
 	lang=${2-java}
 	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
diff --git a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
index 5d20acf436..55d549fcf4 100755
--- a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -4,44 +4,44 @@ test_description='typechange rename detection'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
-	ln -s linklink bar &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink bar &&
+	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Initial &&
 	git tag one &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Second &&
 	git tag two &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Third &&
 	git tag three &&
 
 	mv foo bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fourth &&
 	git tag four &&
 
 	# This is purely for sanity check
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fifth &&
 	git tag five &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 	git diff-tree five six -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 	git diff-tree one two -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'moves and renames' '
+test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 
 	git diff-tree three four -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
index 53ec330ce8..f75f46f92d 100755
--- a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -139,12 +139,10 @@ index 0000000..67be421
 +frotz
 \ No newline at end of file
 EOF
-# make a symlink the hard way that works on symlink-challenged file systems
+
 test_expect_success 'textconv does not act on symlinks' '
-	printf frotz > file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git ls-files -s | sed -e s/100644/120000/ |
-		git update-index --index-info &&
+	rm -f file &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file &&
 	git commit -m typechange &&
 	git show >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 40ab333a8a..f2f55fc51c 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes override config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: remove diff driver regex' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+	test_unconfig diff.testdriver.wordRegex
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
@@ -335,8 +335,7 @@ test_expect_success 'word-diff with diff.sbe' '
 
 	c
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.suppress-blank-empty" &&
-	git config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	test_config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
@@ -368,7 +367,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup history with two files' '
 
 test_expect_success 'wordRegex for the first file does not apply to the second' '
 	echo "*.tex diff=tex" >.gitattributes &&
-	git config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
+	test_config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 		diff --git a/a.tex b/a.tex
 		--- a/a.tex
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
index 40277c77aa..1019d7b35f 100755
--- a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='combined diff'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 setup_helper () {
 	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
@@ -89,4 +90,315 @@ test_expect_success 'diagnose truncated file' '
 	grep "diff --cc file" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --cc --raw' '
+	blob=$(echo file | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	base_tree=$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree) &&
+	trees= &&
+	for i in `test_seq 1 40`
+	do
+		blob=$(echo file$i | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		trees="$trees$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree)$LF"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with four trees' '
+	four_trees=$(echo "$trees" | sed -e 4q) &&
+	git diff --cc --raw $four_trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for four leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with forty trees' '
+	git diff --cc --raw $trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for forty leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup combined ignore spaces' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce Q
+	space  change coalesce
+	all spa ces coalesce
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test space change" -a &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce
+	space change coalesce
+	all spaces coalesce
+	eol spaces
+	space change
+	all spaces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test other space changes" -a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m merged -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (no ignore space)' '
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	- eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	- eol spaces
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	 -eol space coalesce Q
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	+ eol spaces Q
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space at eol)' '
+	git show --ignore-space-at-eol >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space change)' '
+	git show -b >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	- all spaces
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore all spaces)' '
+	git show -w >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	--all spaces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	  all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce simple' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_seq 4 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_seq 5 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--1
+	--2
+	--3
+	--4
+	- 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce tricky' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch -f side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	 -3
+	--1
+	 -2
+	--3
+	- 5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual &&
+	git checkout -f side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 3
+	--1
+	- 2
+	--3
+	 -5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'combine diff coalesce three parents' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	7
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	6
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty3 &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	COMMIT=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p side1 -p side2 -m merge $TREE) &&
+	git show $COMMIT >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	-- 3
+	---1
+	-  6
+	 - 2
+	 --3
+	  -7
+	- -5
+	---4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+# Test for a bug reported at
+# http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/224410
+# where a delete lines were missing from combined diff output when they
+# occurred exactly before the context lines of a later change.
+test_expect_success 'combine diff missing delete bug' '
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m side1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	0
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side1 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git diff-tree -c -p HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 0
+	  1
+	  2
+	  3
+	 -4
+	 +4modified
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index 32d4a60425..1751c83307 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann, based on t7401 by Ping Yin
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Support for verbose submodule differences in git diff
@@ -10,6 +11,9 @@ This test tries to verify the sanity of the --submodule option of git diff.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# String "added" in German (translated with Google Translate), encoded in UTF-8,
+# used in sample commit log messages in add_file() function below.
+added=$(printf "hinzugef\303\274gt")
 add_file () {
 	(
 		cd "$1" &&
@@ -19,7 +23,8 @@ add_file () {
 			echo "$name" >"$name" &&
 			git add "$name" &&
 			test_tick &&
-			git commit -m "Add $name" || exit
+			msg_added_iso88591=$(echo "Add $name ($added $name)" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1) &&
+			git -c 'i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1' commit -m "$msg_added_iso88591"
 		done >/dev/null &&
 		git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
 	)
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-	  > Add foo3
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-	  > Add foo3
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@ test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' '
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-	  > Add foo3
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -142,8 +147,8 @@ test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
-	  < Add foo3
-	  < Add foo2
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -153,10 +158,10 @@ test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
-	  > Add foo5
-	  > Add foo4
-	  < Add foo3
-	  < Add foo2
+	  > Add foo5 ($added foo5)
+	  > Add foo4 ($added foo4)
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
index 91f8198f05..04a44d5c61 100755
--- a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
+++ b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
@@ -106,4 +106,12 @@ test_expect_success 'switching diff driver produces correct results' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# The point here is to test that we can log the notes cache and still use it to
+# produce a diff later (older versions of git would segfault on this). It's
+# much more likely to come up in the real world with "log --all -p", but using
+# --no-walk lets us reliably reproduce the order of traversal.
+test_expect_success 'log notes cache and still use cache for -p' '
+	git log --no-walk -p refs/notes/textconv/magic HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
index 97172b46b2..cd0454356a 100755
--- a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
+++ b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success 'plumbing not affected' '
 test_expect_success 'non-integer config parsing' '
 	git config diff.context no &&
 	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "bad config value" output
+	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'negative integer config parsing' '
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
index 7c398432ba..1618a6dbc7 100755
--- a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --index from subdir of toplevel' '
 	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply half-broken patch from subdir of toplevel' '
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply <<-EOF
+		--- sub/dir/file
+		+++ sub/dir/file
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		--- file_in_root
+		+++ file_in_root
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
diff --git a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
index f12826fb09..ebadbc347f 100755
--- a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@ test_description='git apply should not get confused with type changes.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
-	rm -f foo &&
+	git rm -f foo &&
 	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	git update-index --add foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
 	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
 	printf "\0" > foo &&
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
 	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
 	'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD foo-baz-renamed-from-foo > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 	git checkout -f foo-baz-renamed-from-foo &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -82,21 +81,21 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-back-to-file > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'binary file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-binary &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-becomes-binary > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
diff --git a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
index 7674dd2ec9..872fcda6cb 100755
--- a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
@@ -9,18 +9,16 @@ test_description='git apply symlinks and partial files
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
-	ln -s path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
-	git add link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
 	git branch side &&
 
 	rm -f link? &&
 
-	ln -s htap6 link1 &&
-	git update-index link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add htap6 link1 &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >patch  &&
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply symlink patch' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply --index symlink patch' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --index symlink patch' '
 
 	git checkout -f side &&
 	git apply --index patch &&
diff --git a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
index 39407376ba..70b3a06e1d 100755
--- a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
+++ b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ lecho () {
 	done
 }
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir -p arch/i386/boot arch/x86_64 &&
 	lecho 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
-	ln -s ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
+test_expect_success apply '
 
 	git checkout test &&
 	git diff --exit-code test &&
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
+test_expect_success 'check result' '
 
 	git diff --exit-code master &&
 	git diff --exit-code --cached master &&
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 6f6ee88b28..5d0c598338 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_fix () {
 	# find touched lines
 	$DIFF file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
 
-	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	# the changed lines are all expected to change
 	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
 	case "$1" in
 	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
@@ -486,4 +486,30 @@ test_expect_success 'same, but with CR-LF line endings && cr-at-eol unset' '
 	test_cmp one expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=fix to expand' '
+	qz_to_tab_space >preimage <<-\EOF &&
+	QQa
+	QQb
+	QQc
+	ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZd
+	QQe
+	QQf
+	QQg
+	EOF
+	qz_to_tab_space >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/preimage b/preimage
+	--- a/preimage
+	+++ b/preimage
+	@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+	 QQa
+	 QQb
+	 QQc
+	-QQd
+	 QQe
+	 QQf
+	 QQg
+	EOF
+	git -c core.whitespace=tab-in-indent apply --whitespace=fix patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index cdafd7e7c1..5edb79a058 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: messages' '
 	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 
 	EOF
-	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<-\EOF >>msg &&
 	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
 	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
 	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch correctly' '
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am <patch1 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox with CRLF' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail with preceding whitespace' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-ws.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch2 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
 	git diff --exit-code master..HEAD &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD^ &&
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --keep really keeps the subject' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] \[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --keep-non-patch really keeps the non-patch part' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep-non-patch patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "^\[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 -p0 can read --no-prefix patch' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 -p0 lorem-zero.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am can rename a file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file after falling back to 3-way merge'
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename-add.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -358,11 +358,17 @@ test_expect_success 'am pauses on conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem2^^ -- file &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --abort removes a stray directory' '
+	mkdir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
@@ -373,7 +379,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo resolved >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git am --resolved &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
@@ -382,7 +388,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am takes patches from a Pine mailbox' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD
 '
 
@@ -391,7 +397,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on mail without patch' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --abort &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
@@ -400,7 +406,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
 	echo "---" >>failmail &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index 6872ba1a42..42866992cf 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -120,6 +120,30 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog from non-git directory' '
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog should add newline when input line matches wraplen' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+A U Thor (2):
+      bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+      aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+EOF
+	git shortlog -w >out <<\EOF &&
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
 iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
 	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
 }
@@ -148,4 +172,20 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
 	git shortlog HEAD~2.. > out &&
 test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog ignores commits with missing authors' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m normal &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m soon-to-be-broken &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >commit.tmp &&
+	sed "/^author/d" commit.tmp >broken.tmp &&
+	commit=$(git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin <broken.tmp) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $commit &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor (1):
+	      normal
+
+	EOF
+	git shortlog HEAD~2.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index a343bf6c62..cb03d28769 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -280,6 +280,16 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --raw --graph -m with merge' '
+	git log --raw --graph --oneline -m master | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "initial" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --graph' '
+	git diff-tree --graph master^ | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "one" actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 *   commit master
 |\  Merge: A B
@@ -409,8 +419,6 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >expect.full &&
@@ -419,8 +427,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate true &&
+	test_config log.decorate true &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -428,8 +435,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate no &&
+	test_config log.decorate no &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
@@ -437,8 +443,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate 1 &&
+	test_config log.decorate 1 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -446,8 +451,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate short &&
+	test_config log.decorate short &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -455,8 +459,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -464,16 +467,15 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
+	test_unconfig log.decorate &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.raw &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reflog is expected format' '
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section log &&
 	git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline >expect &&
 	git reflog >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -486,10 +488,6 @@ test_expect_success 'whatchanged is expected format' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset log.abbrevCommit" &&
-
-	test_might_fail git config --unset log.abbrevCommit &&
-
 	git log --abbrev-commit >expect.log.abbrev &&
 	git log --no-abbrev-commit >expect.log.full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.log.raw &&
@@ -498,7 +496,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
 	git whatchanged --abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.abbrev &&
 	git whatchanged --no-abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.full &&
 
-	git config log.abbrevCommit true &&
+	test_config log.abbrevCommit true &&
 
 	git log >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.log.abbrev actual &&
@@ -532,6 +530,20 @@ test_expect_success 'show added path under "--follow -M"' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -c --follow' '
+	test_create_repo follow-c &&
+	(
+		cd follow-c &&
+		test_commit initial file original &&
+		git rm file &&
+		test_commit rename file2 original &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		test_commit modify file foo &&
+		git merge -m merge rename &&
+		git log -c --follow file2
+	)
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 1f182f612c..0dd8b65d7c 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ fuzz_blame () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	cat >contacts <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+
 	echo one >one &&
 	git add one &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -23,6 +28,44 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit --author "nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" -m second
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap no arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap \
+		"A U Thor <author@example.com>" \
+		"nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap --stdin <contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>
+	EOF
+	cat <contacts >>expect &&
+	git check-mailmap --stdin "Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>" \
+		<contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap bogus contact' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap bogus
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor (1):
       initial
@@ -149,6 +192,136 @@ test_expect_success 'No mailmap files, but configured' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup mailmap blob tests' '
+	git checkout -b map &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	cat >just-bugs <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	cat >both <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <author@example.com>
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	printf "Tricky Guy <author@example.com>" >no-newline &&
+	git add just-bugs both no-newline &&
+	git commit -m "my mailmaps" &&
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <author@example.com>" >internal.map
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob set' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:just-bugs shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob overrides .mailmap' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (2):
+	      initial
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:both shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file overrides mailmap.blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Internal Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git \
+	  -c mailmap.blob=map:both \
+	  -c mailmap.file=internal.map \
+	  shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can be missing' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:nonexistent shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to off in non-bare repo' '
+	git init non-bare &&
+	(
+		cd non-bare &&
+		test_commit one .mailmap "Fake Name <author@example.com>" &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		rm .mailmap &&
+		echo "     1	A U Thor" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to HEAD:.mailmap in bare repo' '
+	git clone --bare non-bare bare &&
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can handle blobs without trailing newline' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Tricky Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:no-newline shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after mailmap.blob tests' '
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name' '
+	echo "     1	A <author@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "A <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preserve canonical email case' '
+	echo "     1	A U Thor <AUTHOR@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "<AUTHOR@example.com> <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
@@ -239,6 +412,62 @@ test_expect_success 'Log output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+
+test_expect_success 'Only grep replaced author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author "<cto@coompany.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # git blame
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ^OBJI (A U Thor     DATE 1) one
@@ -255,4 +484,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Blame output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual.fuzz
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --author honors mailmap' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --author "nick" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git commit --author "Some Dude" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git show --pretty=format:"%an <%ae>%n" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 98a43d457a..fb00041139 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,38 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010, Will Palmer
+# Copyright (c) 2011, Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Test pretty formats'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+sample_utf8_part=$(printf "f\303\244ng")
+
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "initial. initial" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="initial. an${sample_utf8_part}lich\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'set up basic repos' '
 	>foo &&
 	>bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git commit -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
 	git add bar &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "add bar"
+	git commit -m "add bar" &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias builtin format' '
@@ -38,6 +56,20 @@ test_expect_success 'alias user-defined format' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (iso8859-1 encoding)' '
+	git config i18n.logOutputEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	git config --unset i18n.logOutputEncoding &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (utf-8 encoding)' '
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat' '
 	git log --pretty="tformat:%h" >expected &&
 	git config pretty.test-alias "tformat:%h" &&
@@ -72,13 +104,13 @@ test_expect_success 'alias loop' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'NUL separation' '
-	printf "add bar\0initial" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)" >expected &&
 	git log -z --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'NUL termination' '
-	printf "add bar\0initial\0" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)\0" >expected &&
 	git log -z --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -86,7 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'NUL termination' '
 test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
 	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
-	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -94,9 +126,188 @@ test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
 test_expect_failure 'NUL termination with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
 	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
-	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n\0" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n0" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup more commits' '
+	test_commit "message one" one one message-one &&
+	test_commit "message two" two two message-two &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~0) &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~1) &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~2) &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing' '
+	git commit --amend -m short --author "long long long <long@me.com>" &&
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
index bbde31b019..925f577a3c 100755
--- a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
+++ b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
  On master: Changes to A.t
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
 EOF
 
 # We want log to show all, but the second parent to refs/stash is irrelevant
diff --git a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
index 2c482b622b..72300b5f24 100755
--- a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -11,11 +11,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir sub
 '
 
-test_expect_success '"git log :/" should be ambiguous' '
-	test_must_fail git log :/ 2>error &&
+test_expect_success '"git log :/" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a" should be ambiguous (applied both rev and worktree)' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_must_fail git log :/a 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a -- " should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/a --
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log -- :/a" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log -- :/a
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git log :" should be ambiguous' '
 	test_must_fail git log : 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
diff --git a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
index eed727341d..38fb80f643 100755
--- a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
+++ b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,20 @@ test_expect_success 'log -G -i (match)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -G --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log -S (nomatch)' '
 	git log -Spicked --format=%H >actual &&
 	>expect &&
@@ -116,4 +130,18 @@ test_expect_success 'log -S -i (nomatch)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -S --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..52a74729ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log with i18n features'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two forms of é
+utf8_e=$(printf '\303\251')
+latin1_e=$(printf '\351')
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits in different encodings' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	utf8
+
+	t${utf8_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=utf8 commit -F msg &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	latin1
+
+	t${latin1_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=ISO-8859-1 commit -F msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (utf8)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (latin1)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (utf8)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (latin1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211-line-log.sh b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7369d3c517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log -L'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (import history)' '
+	git fast-import < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4211/history.export &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+canned_test_1 () {
+	test_expect_$1 "$2" "
+		git log $2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/t4211/expect.$3 actual
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test () {
+	canned_test_1 success "$@"
+}
+canned_test_failure () {
+	canned_test_1 failure "$@"
+}
+
+test_bad_opts () {
+	test_expect_success "invalid args: $1" "
+		test_must_fail git log $1 2>errors &&
+		grep '$2' errors
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L 4,+9:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L '/long f/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L :f:a.c simple" simple-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L '/main/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-main
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c simple" simple-main-to-end
+
+canned_test "-L 1,+4:a.c simple" beginning-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L 20:a.c simple" end-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L '/long f/',/^}/:a.c -L /main/,/^}/:a.c simple" two-ranges
+canned_test "-L 24,+1:a.c simple" vanishes-early
+
+canned_test "-M -L '/long f/,/^}/:b.c' move-support" move-support-f
+canned_test "-M -L ':f:b.c' parallel-change" parallel-change-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c -L :main:a.c simple" multiple
+canned_test "-L 4,18:a.c -L ^:main:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c -L 4,18:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L 4:a.c -L 8,12:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+canned_test "-L 8,12:a.c -L 4:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+
+test_bad_opts "-L" "switch.*requires a value"
+test_bad_opts "-L b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:nonexistent" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:simple" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L '/foo:b.c'" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1,1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L :b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L :foo:b.c" "no match"
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(wc -l <b.c) &&
+	git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <b.c)) &&
+	git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91b4054898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+commit 4a23ae5c98d59a58c6da036156959f2dc9f472ad
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:47:40 2013 +0100
+
+    change at very beginning
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
++#include <unistd.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ long f(long x)
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++int f(int x)
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd25bb2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,3 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +18,3 @@
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c905e01bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ad5b598c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..052def8074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+commit 0469c60bc4837d52d97b1f081dec5f98dea20fed
+Merge: ba227c6 6ce3c4f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:16:24 2013 +0200
+
+    Merge across the rename
+
+
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit ba227c6632349700fbb957dec2b50f5e2358be3f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:15:57 2013 +0200
+
+    change on another line of history while rename happens
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * This is only an example!
++ * This is only a short example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1f5bc49c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a475768710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39ce39bebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8480bd9cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6109aa0dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f7cd06941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +24,1 @@
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +20,1 @@
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/history.export b/t/t4211/history.export
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9f41e211e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/history.export
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+blob
+mark :1
+data 157
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+reset refs/tags/simple
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :2
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+data 8
+initial
+M 100644 :1 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data 168
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :4
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+data 11
+change f()
+from :2
+M 100644 :3 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :5
+data 171
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :6
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+data 21
+touch both functions
+from :4
+M 100644 :5 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :7
+data 185
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :8
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+data 14
+touch comment
+from :6
+M 100644 :7 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :9
+data 205
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :10
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+data 25
+change at very beginning
+from :8
+M 100644 :9 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :11
+data 204
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :12
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+data 36
+change to an incomplete line at end
+from :10
+M 100644 :11 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :13
+data 238
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :14
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+data 29
+change back to complete line
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 a.c
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :15
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+data 10
+move file
+from :14
+D a.c
+M 100644 :13 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :16
+data 237
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :17
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+data 22
+another simple change
+from :15
+M 100644 :16 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :18
+data 254
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x);
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :19
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+data 21
+move within the file
+from :17
+M 100644 :18 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :20
+data 243
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :21
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+data 55
+change on another line of history while rename happens
+from :14
+M 100644 :20 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :22
+data 242
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :23
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776184 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776191 +0200
+data 24
+Merge across the rename
+from :21
+merge :17
+D a.c
+M 100644 :22 b.c
+
+reset refs/heads/parallel-change
+from :23
+
diff --git a/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ec5099b83d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log with invalid commit headers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+	sed "/^author /s/>/>-<>/" >broken_email.commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit broken_email.commit >broken_email.hash &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/broken_email $(cat broken_email.hash)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log with broken author email' '
+	{
+		echo commit $(cat broken_email.hash)
+		echo "Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+		echo "Date:   Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000"
+		echo
+		echo "    foo"
+	} >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --format with broken author email' '
+	echo "A U Thor+author@example.com+" >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log --format="%an+%ae+%ad" broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
index 46c3fe76d3..9015e47654 100755
--- a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add !A, B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in local
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -38,9 +36,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add A, B (same)' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in both
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -181,9 +176,6 @@ AAA" &&
 
 test_expect_success 'file remove A, !B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-removed in local
-  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -213,6 +205,19 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'file remove A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
+EXPECTED
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "rm-a-b-base" "ONE" "AAA" &&
+	git rm ONE &&
+	git commit -m "rm-a-b" &&
+	git tag "rm-a-b" &&
+	git merge-tree rm-a-b-base rm-a-b rm-a-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'file change A, remove B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
 removed in remote
@@ -254,4 +259,97 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "file" add-tree-A &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-A add-tree-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (different)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in both
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  their  100644 ba629238ca89489f2b350e196ca445e09d8bb834 sub/file
+	@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+	+<<<<<<< .our
+	 AAA
+	+=======
+	+BBB
+	+>>>>>>> .their
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" add-tree-a-b-A &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "BBB" add-tree-a-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-a-b-A add-tree-a-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree unchanged A, removed B' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" tree-remove-b-initial &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove sub/file" &&
+	git tag tree-remove-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn file to tree' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm initial-file &&
+	mkdir initial-file &&
+	test_commit "turn-file-to-tree" "initial-file/ONE" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree initial initial turn-file-to-tree >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 initial-file/ONE
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	  our    100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-initial
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn tree to file' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit "add-tree" "dir/path" "AAA" &&
+	test_commit "add-another-tree" "dir/another" "BBB" &&
+	rm -fr dir &&
+	test_commit "make-file" "dir" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree add-tree add-another-tree make-file >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 dir
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index ecf00edab2..c2023b1a3d 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -25,36 +25,81 @@ commit id embedding:
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 GZIP=${GZIP:-gzip}
 GUNZIP=${GUNZIP:-gzip -d}
 
 SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
 
-check_zip() {
-	zipfile=$1.zip
+test_lazy_prereq TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK '
+	(
+		mkdir pax &&
+		cd pax &&
+		"$TAR" xf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5000/pax.tar &&
+		test -f PaxHeaders.1791/file
+	)
+'
+
+get_pax_header() {
+	file=$1
+	header=$2=
+
+	while read len rest
+	do
+		if test "$len" = $(echo "$len $rest" | wc -c)
+		then
+			case "$rest" in
+			$header*)
+				echo "${rest#$header}"
+				;;
+			esac
+		fi
+	done <"$file"
+}
+
+check_tar() {
+	tarfile=$1.tar
 	listfile=$1.lst
 	dir=$1
 	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
 
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" "
-		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && $UNZIP ../$zipfile)
-	"
-
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+	test_expect_success ' extract tar archive' '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$TAR" xf -) <$tarfile
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK ' interpret pax headers' '
+		(
+			cd $dir &&
+			for header in *.paxheader
+			do
+				data=${header%.paxheader}.data &&
+				if test -h $data -o -e $data
+				then
+					path=$(get_pax_header $header path) &&
+					if test -n "$path"
+					then
+						mv "$data" "$path"
+					fi
+				fi
+			done
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate filenames' '
 		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
 		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
-	"
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+	test_expect_success ' validate file contents' '
 		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
-	"
+	'
 }
 
 test_expect_success \
     'populate workdir' \
-    'mkdir a b c &&
+    'mkdir a &&
      echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     ten=0123456789 && hundred=$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten &&
+     echo long filename >a/four$hundred &&
      mkdir a/bin &&
      cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
      printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
@@ -83,6 +128,12 @@ test_expect_success \
      git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
      git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
 
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
     'create bare clone' \
     'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
@@ -96,13 +147,19 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git archive' \
     'git archive HEAD >b.tar'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD >b2.tar'
+check_tar b
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive vs. git tar-tree' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b2.tar'
+test_expect_success 'git archive --prefix=prefix/' '
+	git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >with_prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_prefix prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
+	git archive --prefix=olde- HEAD >with_olde-prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_olde-prefix olde-
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive on large files' '
     test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
@@ -139,96 +196,14 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git get-tar-commit-id <b.tar >b.commitid &&
      test_cmp .git/$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) b.commitid'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive' \
-    '(cd b && "$TAR" xf -) <b.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd b/a && find .) | sort >b.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst b.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a b/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree with prefix' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD prefix >c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive with prefix' \
-    '(cd c && "$TAR" xf -) <c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd c/prefix/a && find .) | sort >c.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst c.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a c/prefix/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'create archives with substfiles' \
-    'cp .git/info/attributes .git/info/attributes.before &&
-     echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
-     git archive HEAD >f.tar &&
-     git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >g.tar &&
-     mv .git/info/attributes.before .git/info/attributes'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles' \
-    '(mkdir f && cd f && "$TAR" xf -) <f.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >f/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp f/a/substfile1.expected f/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 f/a/substfile2
-'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles from archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir g && cd g && "$TAR" xf -) <g.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents from archive with prefix' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected g/prefix/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree' '
+	git tar-tree HEAD >tar-tree.tar &&
+	test_cmp b.tar tar-tree.tar
 '
 
-$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip' \
-    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
-
-check_zip d
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
-    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
-    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
-	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree with prefix' '
+	git tar-tree HEAD prefix >tar-tree_with_prefix.tar &&
+	test_cmp with_prefix.tar tar-tree_with_prefix.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
@@ -237,26 +212,6 @@ test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
-
-check_zip e prefix/
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large-compressed
-
-test_expect_success \
     'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
     'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
 
@@ -268,22 +223,11 @@ test_expect_success 'clients cannot access unreachable commits' '
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
-	git archive --prefix=olde- >h.tar HEAD &&
-	(
-		mkdir h &&
-		cd h &&
-		"$TAR" xf - <../h.tar
-	) &&
-	test -d h/olde-a &&
-	test -d h/olde-a/bin &&
-	test -f h/olde-a/bin/sh
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup tar filters' '
 	git config tar.tar.foo.command "tr ab ba" &&
 	git config tar.bar.command "tr ab ba" &&
-	git config tar.bar.remote true
+	git config tar.bar.remote true &&
+	git config tar.invalid baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'archive --list mentions user filter' '
diff --git a/t/t5000/pax.tar b/t/t5000/pax.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d911737149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5000/pax.tar
diff --git a/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6667d159ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute pattern tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	mkdir not-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored &&
+	echo not-ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	git add not-ignored-dir &&
+
+	mkdir ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-only-if-dir/ export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored-only-if-dir &&
+
+	mkdir -p ignored-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "ignored-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p wildcard-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "wild*-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/and/slashless &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	git add deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	echo "deep/and/slashless export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/with/wildcard &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	git add deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	echo "deep/*t*/wildcard export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	git add one-level-lower &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+test_expect_exists	archive/one-level-lower/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c72f71eb18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive --format=zip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP_SYMLINKS '
+	(
+		mkdir unzip-symlinks &&
+		cd unzip-symlinks &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip &&
+		test -h symlink
+	)
+'
+
+check_zip() {
+	zipfile=$1.zip
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS,UNZIP_SYMLINKS 'add symlink' '
+	ln -s a a/symlink_to_a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file list' '
+	(cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add files to repository' \
+    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $treeid >treeid &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
+     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+check_zip d
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+check_zip e prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large-compressed
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..065728c631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..67f3b54bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test corner cases of git-archive'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with empty tree' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo
+'
+
+# Make a dir and clean it up afterwards
+make_dir() {
+	mkdir "$1" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf '$1'"
+}
+
+# Check that the dir given in "$1" contains exactly the
+# set of paths given as arguments.
+check_dir() {
+	dir=$1; shift
+	{
+		echo "$dir" &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$dir/$i"
+		done
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	find "$dir" ! -name pax_global_header -print | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+
+# bsdtar/libarchive versions before 3.1.3 consider a tar file with a
+# global pax header that is not followed by a file record as corrupt.
+if "$TAR" tf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK
+fi
+
+test_expect_success HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK 'tar archive of commit with empty tree' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >empty-with-pax-header.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf empty-with-pax-header.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD: >empty.tar &&
+	perl -e "print \"\\0\" x 10240" >10knuls.tar &&
+	test_cmp 10knuls.tar empty.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf prefix.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	# Detect the exit code produced when our particular flavor of unzip
+	# sees an empty archive. Infozip will generate a warning and exit with
+	# code 1. But in the name of sanity, we do not expect other unzip
+	# implementations to do the same thing (it would be perfectly
+	# reasonable to exit 0, for example).
+	#
+	# This makes our test less rigorous on some platforms (unzip may not
+	# handle the empty repo at all, making our later check of its exit code
+	# a no-op). But we cannot do anything reasonable except skip the test
+	# on such platforms anyway, and this is the moral equivalent.
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip
+	expect_code=$?
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >empty.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		test_expect_code $expect_code "$GIT_UNZIP" ../empty.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	# We do not have to play exit-code tricks here, because our
+	# result should not be empty; it has a directory in it.
+	git archive --format=zip --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" ../prefix.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive complains about pathspec on empty tree' '
+	test_must_fail git archive --format=tar HEAD -- foo >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit with an empty subtree' '
+	empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	root_tree=$(printf "040000 tree $empty_tree\tsub\n" | git mktree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree with no pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree >subtree-all.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-all.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree by direct pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree -- sub >subtree-path.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-path.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9e39e6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty.zip b/t/t5004/empty.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a76bb6005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty.zip
diff --git a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
index 432f98c357..1afa0d5c44 100755
--- a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: two scripts for reading pull requests' '
 
 	cat <<-EOT >fuzz.sed
 	#!/bin/sed -nf
+	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/$_x40/OBJECT_NAME/g
 	s/A U Thor/AUTHOR/g
 	s/[-0-9]\{10\} [:0-9]\{8\} [-+][0-9]\{4\}/DATE/g
 	s/        [^ ].*/        SUBJECT/g
 	s/  [^ ].* (DATE)/  SUBJECT (DATE)/g
-	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/for-upstream/BRANCH/g
 	s/mnemonic.txt/FILENAME/g
 	s/^version [0-9]/VERSION/
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
index 5b1250f0d2..35926debe3 100755
--- a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ do_corrupt_object() {
     ofs=`git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" "` &&
     ofs=$(($ofs + $2)) &&
     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-    dd of=${pack}.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
+    dd of=${pack}.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
     test_must_fail git verify-pack ${pack}.pack
 }
 
@@ -276,6 +276,33 @@ test_expect_success \
      git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
 
 test_expect_success \
+    'corruption of delta base reference pointing to wrong object' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\220\033" | do_corrupt_object $blob_3 2 &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 >/dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 >/dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 >/dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_3 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset --no-reuse-delta &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
     'corrupting header to have too small output buffer fails unpack' \
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
index d645328609..e4bb3a1457 100755
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -195,4 +195,30 @@ test_expect_success 'gc: prune old objects after local clone' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'garbage report in count-objects -v' '
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.idx &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "index file .git/objects/pack/fake.idx is too small" stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/fake.bar
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo.bar
+warning: no corresponding .idx nor .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake2.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+warning: no corresponding .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.idx
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c5a8766ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='handling of duplicate objects in incoming packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# The sha1s we have in our pack. It's important that these have the same
+# starting byte, so that they end up in the same fanout section of the index.
+# That lets us make sure we are exercising the binary search with both sets.
+LO_SHA1=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+HI_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+
+# And here's a "missing sha1" which will produce failed lookups. It must also
+# be in the same fanout section, and should be between the two (so that during
+# our binary search, we are sure to end up looking at one or the other of the
+# duplicate runs).
+MISSING_SHA1='e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+
+# git will never intentionally create packfiles with
+# duplicate objects, so we have to construct them by hand.
+#
+# $1 is the name of the packfile to create
+#
+# $2 is the number of times to duplicate each object
+create_pack () {
+	pack_header "$((2 * $2))" >"$1" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 "$2"); do
+		pack_obj $LO_SHA1 &&
+		pack_obj $HI_SHA1
+	done >>"$1" &&
+	pack_trailer "$1"
+}
+
+# double-check that create_pack actually works
+test_expect_success 'pack with no duplicates' '
+	create_pack no-dups.pack 1 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <no-dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack will allow duplicate objects by default' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 100 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create batch-check test vectors' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	$LO_SHA1
+	$HI_SHA1
+	$MISSING_SHA1
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-EOF
+	$LO_SHA1 blob 2
+	$HI_SHA1 blob 0
+	$MISSING_SHA1 missing
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (binary search)' '
+	git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (GIT_USE_LOOKUP)' '
+	(
+		GIT_USE_LOOKUP=1 &&
+		export GIT_USE_LOOKUP &&
+		git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack can reject packs with duplicates' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 2 &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --strict --stdin <dups.pack &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cat-file -e $LO_SHA1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3e7861b075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test index-pack handling of delta cycles in packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# Two similar-ish objects that we have computed deltas between.
+A=01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc
+B=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+
+# double-check our hand-constucted packs
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (A->B)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B
+	} >ab.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (B->A)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >ba.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ba.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ba.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects missing base objects' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 1 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B
+	} >missing.pack &&
+	pack_trailer missing.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <missing.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects REF_DELTA cycles' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >cycle.pack &&
+	pack_trailer cycle.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to an object in another pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin --fix-thin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to a duplicate object in the same pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 3 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A &&
+		pack_obj $A
+	} >recoverable.pack &&
+	pack_trailer recoverable.pack &&
+	git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <recoverable.pack
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
index c24003565d..2b8c0bac7d 100755
--- a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare pushable branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
-	test_must_fail git push
+	test_must_fail git push origin :
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
diff --git a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
index baa670cea5..ea2e0d4b48 100755
--- a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ clear_hook_input () {
 }
 
 verify_hook_input () {
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args expected.args &&
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data expected.data
+	test_cmp expected.args "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args &&
+	test_cmp expected.data "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit --amend' '
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 6322e8ade8..d87ddf73b7 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -130,16 +130,32 @@ test_expect_success 'single given branch clone' '
 	test_must_fail git --git-dir=branch-a/.git rev-parse origin/B
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1' '
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0 &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1 with fsck' '
+	git config --global fetch.fsckobjects true &&
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0fsck &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0fsck/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1 &&
+	git config --global --unset fetch.fsckobjects
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
 	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 2
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+	grep "^in-pack: 12" count.shallow
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
@@ -256,12 +272,36 @@ test_expect_success 'additional simple shallow deepenings' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 11
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+	grep "^count: 55" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --no-shallow on full repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch --noshallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth --no-shallow' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 --noshallow
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn shallow to complete repository' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --unshallow &&
+		! test -f .git/shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow without --no-single-branch' '
@@ -273,7 +313,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 		cd shallow2 &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow2 &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 6" count.shallow2
+	grep "^in-pack: 3" count.shallow2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
@@ -281,7 +321,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
-	echo "in-pack: 6" > count3.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 3" > count3.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow3/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count3.actual &&
 	test_cmp count3.expected count3.actual
@@ -310,7 +350,7 @@ EOF
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count6.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count6.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count6.actual &&
 	test_cmp count6.expected count6.actual
@@ -325,12 +365,46 @@ EOF
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count7.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count7.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count7.actual &&
 	test_cmp count7.expected count7.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with packed refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow8 &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count8.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow8/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count8.actual &&
+	test_cmp count8.expected count8.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch in shallow repo unreachable shallow objects' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare --branch B --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." no-reflog &&
+		git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/no-reflog" shallow9 &&
+		cd no-reflog &&
+		git tag -d TAGB1 TAGB2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/heads/B B~~ &&
+		git gc --prune=now &&
+		cd ../shallow9 &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git fsck --no-dangling
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'fetch creating new shallow root' '
+	(
+		git clone "file://$(pwd)/." shallow10 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+		cd shallow10 &&
+		git fetch --depth=1 --progress 2>actual &&
+		# This should fetch only the empty commit, no tree or
+		# blob objects
+		grep "remote: Total 1" actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup tests for the --stdin parameter' '
 	for head in C D E F
 	do
@@ -442,4 +516,20 @@ test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit tag' '
 	) >out-adt 2>error-adt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch with tags does not break the repository' '
+	mkdir repo1 &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2 &&
+		test_commit 3 &&
+		mkdir repo2 &&
+		cd repo2 &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --depth=2 ../.git master:branch &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 60de2d6ede..f30c03885c 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ test_description='test automatic tag following'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
-	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-fi
-
 # End state of the repository:
 #
 #         T - tag1          S - tag2
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@ fi
 #     \   C - origin/cat    \
 #      origin/master         master
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo ichi >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -39,28 +35,35 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
 '
 
 U=UPLOAD_LOG
+UPATH="$(pwd)/$U"
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $A
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+get_needs () {
+	test -s "$1" &&
+	perl -alne '
+		next unless $F[1] eq "upload-pack<";
+		last if $F[2] eq "0000";
+		print $F[2], " ", $F[3];
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
 	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 
@@ -72,30 +75,27 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $C
 want $T
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo O >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -111,39 +111,34 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
 	git branch -D cat
 	rm -f $U
 	(
@@ -151,15 +146,14 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
 		cd clone2 &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add origin .. &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index ccc55ebf4b..8f6e3922dc 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -42,107 +42,104 @@ check_tracking_branch () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	setup_repository one &&
 	setup_repository two &&
 	(
-		cd two && git branch another
+		cd two &&
+		git branch another
 	) &&
 	git clone one test
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remote information for the origin' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git remote add -f second ../two &&
-	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
-	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote add -f second ../two &&
+		tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
+		    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote tracking' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_remote_track second master side another
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote-tracking' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_remote_track second master side another
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
-	+*) true ;;
-	 *) false ;;
-	esac
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
+		+*) true ;;
+		 *) false ;;
+		esac
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
-	git remote rm second
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
+		git remote rm second
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote protects local branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	{ cat >expect1 <<EOF
-Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
-to delete it, use:
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	{ cat >expect2 <<EOF
-Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
-to delete them, use:
-  git branch -d foobranch
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	git tag footag &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
-	git branch foobranch &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
-	git branch -d foobranch &&
-	git tag -d footag &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
-)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		cat >expect1 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
+		to delete it, use:
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		cat >expect2 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
+		to delete them, use:
+		  git branch -d foobranch
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		git tag footag &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
+		git branch foobranch &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
+		git branch -d foobranch &&
+		git tag -d footag &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -172,36 +169,40 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git fetch &&
-	 git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
-	 echo 1 >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m update file &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
-	 git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
-	 git branch -d -r origin/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
-	 git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
-	 git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
-	 (cd ../one &&
-	  echo 1 > file &&
-	  test_tick &&
-	  git commit -m update file) &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
-	 git remote show origin two > output &&
-	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
+		echo 1 >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m update file &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
+		git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
+		git branch -d -r origin/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
+		git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
+		git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
+		git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			echo 1 >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m update file
+		) &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
+		git remote show origin two >output &&
+		git branch -d rebase octopus &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -219,152 +220,187 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show -n' '
-	(mv one one.unreachable &&
-	 cd test &&
-	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
-	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
+	mv one one.unreachable &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote show -n origin >output &&
+		mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prune' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
-	 git remote set-head --delete origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
+		git remote set-head --delete origin &&
+		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head --auto origin &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head --auto origin &&
+		echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
 	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
+cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 error: Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:
   git remote set-head two another
   git remote set-head two master
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
+cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 refs/remotes/origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head explicit' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head origin side2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 git remote set-head origin master &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head origin side2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		git remote set-head origin master &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 Pruning origin
 URL: $(pwd)/one
  * [would prune] origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'prune --dry-run' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote prune --dry-run origin > output &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	(cd ../one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote prune --dry-run origin >output &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	(
+		cd ../one &&
+		git branch -m side side2) &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
-	(mkdir mirror &&
-	 cd mirror &&
-	 git init --bare &&
-	 git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd mirror &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side)
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init --bare &&
+		git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror=fetch' '
 	mkdir mirror-fetch &&
 	git init mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 test_commit one) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/child &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent)
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors can prune' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote prune parent &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote prune parent &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors do not act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git checkout HEAD^0
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git push parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git push parent :
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add fetch mirror with specific branches' '
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/track &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirror respects specific branches' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
@@ -372,60 +408,72 @@ test_expect_success 'add --mirror=push' '
 	mkdir mirror-push &&
 	git init --bare mirror-push/public &&
 	git init mirror-push/private &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 test_commit one &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed &&
-	 git push public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed &&
+		git push public
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-push/public &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/public &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git fetch public &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git fetch public &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not allow you to specify refs' '
 	git init mirror-push/track &&
-	(cd mirror-push/track &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/track &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add alt && prune' '
-	(mkdir alttst &&
-	 cd alttst &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*") &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd alttst &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 git fetch alt &&
-	 git remote prune alt &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	mkdir alttst &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		git fetch alt &&
+		git remote prune alt &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
 cat >test/expect <<\EOF
@@ -433,20 +481,24 @@ some-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add with reachable tags (default)' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 >foobar &&
-	 git add foobar &&
-	 git commit -m "Foobar" &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
-	 git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag) &&
-	(mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		>foobar &&
+		git add foobar &&
+		git commit -m "Foobar" &&
+		git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag
+	) &&
+	mkdir add-tags &&
+	(
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -457,14 +509,16 @@ foobar-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-tags &&
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -473,25 +527,31 @@ cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --no-tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-no-tags &&
-	 cd add-no-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-no-tags &&
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject --no-no-tags' '
-	(cd add-no-tags &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one)
+	(
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   drosophila/another
@@ -500,17 +560,17 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git remote add drosophila ../two &&
-	 git remote add apis ../mirror &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git remote add drosophila ../two &&
+		git remote add apis ../mirror &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
@@ -521,34 +581,40 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update with arguments' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
-	 git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
-	 git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
-	 git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
-	 git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
+		git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
+		git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
+		git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
+		git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update --prune' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side3) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote update --prune &&
-	 (cd ../one && git branch -m side3 side2) &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote update --prune &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			git branch -m side3 side2
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<-\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   manduca/master
@@ -558,176 +624,204 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default (overridden, with funny whitespace)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update (with remotes.default defined)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"remote show" does not show symbolic refs' '
-
 	git clone one three &&
-	(cd three &&
-	 git remote show origin > output &&
-	 ! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
-	 ! grep -i stale < output)
-
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git remote show origin >output &&
+		! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
+		! grep -i stale < output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject adding remote with an invalid name' '
-
 	test_must_fail git remote add some:url desired-name
-
 '
 
 # The first three test if the tracking branches are properly renamed,
 # the last two ones check if the config is updated.
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
-
 	git clone one four &&
-	(cd four &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
-	 test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream")
-
+	(
+		cd four &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename does not update a non-default fetch refspec' '
-
 	git clone one four.one &&
-	(cd four.one &&
-	 git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
-	 git rev-parse -q origin/master)
-
+	(
+		cd four.one &&
+		git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
+		git rev-parse -q origin/master
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name part of fetch spec' '
-
 	git clone one four.two &&
-	(cd four.two &&
-	 git remote rename origin remote &&
-	 git remote rename remote upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*")
-
+	(
+		cd four.two &&
+		git remote rename origin remote &&
+		git remote rename remote upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name prefix of other remote' '
-
 	git clone one four.three &&
-	(cd four.three &&
-	 git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
-	 git remote rename o upstream &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)")
-
+	(
+		cd four.three &&
+		git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
+		git remote rename o upstream &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	)
 '
 
-cat > remotes_origin << EOF
+cat >remotes_origin <<EOF
 URL: $(pwd)/one
 Push: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+Push: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
 Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+Pull: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes' '
 	git clone one five &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd five &&
-	 git remote remove origin &&
-	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
-	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd five &&
+		git remote remove origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+		cat ../remotes_origin >.git/remotes/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		cat >push_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
+		EOF
+		cat >fetch_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
+		EOF
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.push >push_actual &&
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.fetch >fetch_actual &&
+		test_cmp push_expected push_actual &&
+		test_cmp fetch_expected fetch_actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
 	git clone one six &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd six &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 echo "$origin_url" > .git/branches/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/branches/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd six &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "$origin_url" >.git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/master"
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches (2)' '
 	git clone one seven &&
 	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "quux#foom" > .git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "quux" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/foom:refs/heads/origin"
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/foom"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+	git clone one eight &&
+	(
 		cd one &&
 		git checkout side2 &&
 		git branch -D master
 	) &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git remote prune origin
 	) >err 2>&1 &&
 	test_i18ngrep "has become dangling" err &&
 
 	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git branch -a
 	) 2>err &&
 	! grep "points nowhere" err &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		test_must_fail git branch nomore origin
 	) 2>err &&
 	grep "dangling symref" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show empty remote' '
-
 	test_create_repo empty &&
 	git clone empty empty-clone &&
 	(
@@ -1003,4 +1097,26 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete baz' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'extra args: setup' '
+	# add a dummy origin so that this does not trigger failure
+	git remote add origin .
+'
+
+test_extra_arg () {
+	test_expect_success "extra args: $*" "
+		test_must_fail git remote $* bogus_extra_arg 2>actual &&
+		grep '^usage:' actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_extra_arg add nick url
+test_extra_arg rename origin newname
+test_extra_arg remove origin
+test_extra_arg set-head origin master
+# set-branches takes any number of args
+test_extra_arg set-url origin newurl oldurl
+# show takes any number of args
+# prune takes any number of args
+# update takes any number of args
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index d7a19a1829..1f0f8e6827 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -370,30 +370,39 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle should record HEAD correctly' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'mark initial state of origin/master' '
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git tag base-origin-master refs/remotes/origin/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit pull should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'explicit pull should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git pull origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
@@ -404,6 +413,7 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
@@ -412,6 +422,22 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'non-matching refspecs do not confuse tracking update' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/odd/location HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch \
+			refs/odd/location:refs/remotes/origin/odd &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/odd
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'pushing nonexistent branch by mistake should not segv' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -471,6 +497,88 @@ test_expect_success "should be able to fetch with duplicate refspecs" '
 	)
 '
 
+# configured prune tests
+
+set_config_tristate () {
+	# var=$1 val=$2
+	case "$2" in
+	unset)  test_unconfig "$1" ;;
+	*)	git config "$1" "$2" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_configured_prune () {
+	fetch_prune=$1 remote_origin_prune=$2 cmdline=$3 expected=$4
+
+	test_expect_success "prune fetch.prune=$1 remote.origin.prune=$2${3:+ $3}; $4" '
+		# make sure a newbranch is there in . and also in one
+		git branch -f newbranch &&
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			test_unconfig fetch.prune &&
+			test_unconfig remote.origin.prune &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+		)
+
+		# now remove it
+		git branch -d newbranch &&
+
+		# then test
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			set_config_tristate fetch.prune $fetch_prune &&
+			set_config_tristate remote.origin.prune $remote_origin_prune &&
+
+			git fetch $cmdline &&
+			case "$expected" in
+			pruned)
+				test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			kept)
+				git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			esac
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+test_configured_prune unset unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  unset ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune true  false "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  false "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune false true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--no-prune"	kept
+
 test_expect_success 'all boundary commits are excluded' '
 	test_commit base &&
 	test_commit oneside &&
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index d16e5d384a..321c3e5234 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -126,4 +126,16 @@ test_expect_success 'Report match with --exit-code' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+for configsection in transfer uploadpack
+do
+	test_expect_success "Hide some refs with $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_config $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs &&
+		git ls-remote . |
+		sed -e "/	refs\/tags\//d" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b5417cc951..99c32d7539 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+test_description='Basic fetch/push functionality.
+
+This test checks the following functionality:
+
+* command-line syntax
+* refspecs
+* fast-forward detection, and overriding it
+* configuration
+* hooks
+* --porcelain output format
+* hiderefs
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 D=`pwd`
 
 mk_empty () {
-	rm -fr testrepo &&
-	mkdir testrepo &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	rm -fr "$repo_name" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_name" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		git init &&
 		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
@@ -18,32 +30,33 @@ mk_empty () {
 }
 
 mk_test () {
-	mk_empty &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
+	mk_empty "$repo_name" &&
 	(
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
-				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git push "$repo_name" $the_first_commit:refs/$ref ||
+			exit
 		done &&
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			echo "$the_first_commit" >expect &&
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
 }
 
 mk_test_with_hooks() {
+	repo_name=$1
 	mk_test "$@" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		mkdir .git/hooks &&
 		cd .git/hooks &&
 
@@ -75,22 +88,23 @@ mk_test_with_hooks() {
 }
 
 mk_child() {
-	rm -rf "$1" &&
-	git clone testrepo "$1"
+	rm -rf "$2" &&
+	git clone "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 check_push_result () {
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
-		it="$1" &&
-		shift
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
+		echo "$1" >expect &&
+		shift &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
@@ -113,35 +127,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git config remote.up.url .. &&
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -150,15 +162,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -167,321 +178,310 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
-	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
-	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
-	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	test_config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" testrepo/ &&
+	test_config "url.trash3/.pusnInsteadOf" trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.pushurl "testrepo/" &&
 	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
-	git push --force testrepo &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git push --force testrepo : &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	git push testrepo +: &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/t/master &&
 	git branch -f t/master master &&
 	git push testrepo master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/t/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
-	if git push testrepo master:frotz
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
-	fi
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master:frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
-	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+	git push -f testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
 	then
 		git tag -d frotz
 	fi &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push head with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo master:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git tag -f v1.0 &&
 	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/tag
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout -b local master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D local &&
 	git checkout -b local &&
 	git push testrepo master local &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# Without force rewinding should fail
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# With force rewinding should succeed
 	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/local &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/local &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
 	(
@@ -489,46 +489,68 @@ test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 		git checkout local &&
 		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
 	) &&
-	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
-	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
-	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	test_config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	test_config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote there &&
 	git push &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with remote.pushdefault' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-git config --remove-section branch.master
-
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
-	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
-	git push there &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	test_config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	test_config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with config branch.*.pushremote' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test side_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault side_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result side_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-
 test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
 	) &&
-	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+	git push --dry-run testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $old_commit heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git pull .. master &&
@@ -541,9 +563,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
 	(
 		cd child2 &&
@@ -557,8 +579,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git push &&
@@ -569,8 +591,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
 	echo "#!/no/frobnication/today" >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
 	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
@@ -586,7 +608,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
@@ -594,7 +616,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -630,7 +652,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update ho
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(
@@ -659,7 +681,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	git push testrepo master :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
@@ -691,7 +713,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive a
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo/.git &&
@@ -711,7 +733,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-rece
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks with correct input' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -757,14 +779,14 @@ test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
 	git push testrepo --delete master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo --tags &&
 	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
@@ -773,17 +795,17 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -794,7 +816,7 @@ test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -804,7 +826,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -816,7 +838,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -827,63 +849,63 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch1 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/heads/branch1" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch2 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch2" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch3" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -903,9 +925,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -929,29 +951,50 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push requires --force to update lightweight tag' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
+	(
+		cd child1 &&
+		git tag Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "file1" &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag HEAD~ &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo >.git/foo  "To testrepo" &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "*	refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master	[new branch]"  &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "Done" &&
 	git push >.git/bar --porcelain  testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain bad url' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push >.git/bar --porcelain asdfasdfasd refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	test_must_fail grep -q Done .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master^
@@ -965,7 +1008,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master
@@ -980,19 +1023,170 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune' '
-	mk_test heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
-	git push --prune testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune refspec' '
-	mk_test tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
+	mk_test testrepo tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
 	git push --prune testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*" &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tmp/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tmp/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer receive
+do
+	test_expect_success "push to update a ref hidden by $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one hidden/two hidden/three &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config $configsection.hiderefs refs/hidden
+		) &&
+
+		# push to unhidden ref succeeds normally
+		git push testrepo master:refs/heads/master &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+
+		# push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/one &&
+
+		# push to delete a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo :refs/hidden/two &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/two &&
+
+		# idempotent push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/hidden/three &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/three
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch exact SHA1' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one &&
+	git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden
+	) &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit hidden/one &&
+
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
+	(
+		cd child &&
+
+		# make sure $the_commit does not exist here
+		git repack -a -d &&
+		git prune &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $the_commit &&
+
+		# fetching the hidden object should fail by default
+		test_must_fail git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+
+		# the server side can allow it to succeed
+		(
+			cd ../testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+		) &&
+
+		git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		result=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy) &&
+		test "$the_commit" = "$result"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch follows tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git for-each-ref >tmp1 &&
+		(
+			cat tmp1
+			sed -n "s|refs/heads/master$|refs/remotes/origin/master|p" tmp1
+		) |
+		sort -k 3 >../expect
+	) &&
+	git init dst &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git remote add origin ../src &&
+		git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not follow tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >../expect &&
+		git push ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --follow-tag only pushes relevant tags' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master refs/tags/tag >../expect
+		git push --follow-tag ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --no-thin must produce non-thin pack' '
+	cat >>path1 <<\EOF &&
+keep base version of path1 big enough, compared to the new changes
+later, in order to pass size heuristics in
+builtin/pack-objects.c:try_delta()
+EOF
+	git commit -am initial &&
+	git init no-thin &&
+	git --git-dir=no-thin/.git config receive.unpacklimit 0 &&
+	git push no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo &&
+	echo modified >> path1 &&
+	git commit -am modified &&
+	git repack -adf &&
+	rcvpck="git receive-pack --reject-thin-pack-for-testing" &&
+	git push --no-thin --receive-pack="$rcvpck" no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
index e2ad260508..12a5dfb17e 100755
--- a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remote.foo.mirror=no has no effect' '
 		git branch keep master &&
 		git push --mirror up &&
 		git branch -D keep &&
-		git push up
+		git push up :
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd mirror &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index c00c9b071d..11fcd37700 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more >file &&
 		git commit -a -m second &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob fetches from alice, works and pushes' '
 		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
 		echo more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m third &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	) &&
 
 	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes again' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more alice >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fourth &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes' '
 		cd bob-work &&
 		echo yet more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fifth &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes yet again' '
 		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
 		echo more and more alice >>file &&
 		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes again' '
 		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
 		echo even more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m seventh &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 35304b41e9..227d293350 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,35 @@ test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite untracked files' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-colliding &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-colliding &&
+		echo "alternate content" >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master &&
+		echo "alternate content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		git cat-file blob :file >file.index &&
+		test_cmp expect file.index
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not remove new staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-new &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-new &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >newfile &&
+		git add newfile &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile &&
+		git cat-file blob :newfile >newfile.index &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile.index
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
 
 	git branch copy master &&
@@ -96,8 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success '--rebase' '
 '
 test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -105,8 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -114,15 +141,102 @@ test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase should override pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) != $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
 '
 
+# add a feature branch, keep-merge, that is merged into master, so the
+# test can try preserving the merge commit (or not) with various
+# --rebase flags/pull.rebase settings.
+test_expect_success 'preserve merge setup' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git checkout -b keep-merge second^ &&
+	test_commit file3 &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	git merge keep-merge &&
+	git tag before-preserve-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase false &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=true flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=1 is treated as true and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase 1 &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase invalid &&
+	! git pull . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=false . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=true rebases and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase=true . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=preserve . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	! git pull --rebase=invalid . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase overrides pull.rebase=preserve and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
 
 	git remote add -f me . &&
@@ -171,9 +285,9 @@ test_expect_success 'pull --rebase dies early with dirty working directory' '
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
 	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
 	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	echo dirty >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 1b06691bb4..453aba53f4 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -15,8 +15,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -q' '
 	mkdir clonedq &&
 	(cd clonedq && git init &&
 	git pull -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedqrb &&
+	(cd clonedqrb && git init &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull' '
@@ -24,7 +35,15 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull' '
 	(cd cloned && git init &&
 	git pull "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedrb &&
+	(cd clonedrb && git init &&
+	git pull --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
@@ -32,22 +51,30 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
 	(cd clonedv && git init &&
 	git pull -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedvrb &&
+	(cd clonedvrb && git init &&
+	git pull -v --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
 	mkdir clonedvq &&
 	(cd clonedvq && git init &&
 	git pull -v -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
-	test ! -s err)
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_must_be_empty err)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -q -v' '
 	mkdir clonedqv &&
 	(cd clonedqv && git init &&
 	git pull -q -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
 	test -s err)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5528-push-default.sh b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
index 4736da8f36..6a5ac3add4 100755
--- a/t/t5528-push-default.sh
+++ b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,19 @@ test_expect_success 'setup bare remotes' '
 
 # $1 = local revision
 # $2 = remote revision (tested to be equal to the local one)
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
 check_pushed_commit () {
 	git log -1 --format='%h %s' "$1" >expect &&
-	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
+	git --git-dir="${3:-repo1}" log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 # $1 = push.default value
 # $2 = expected target branch for the push
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
 test_push_success () {
 	git -c push.default="$1" push &&
-	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2"
+	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2" "$3"
 }
 
 # $1 = push.default value
@@ -37,6 +39,26 @@ test_push_failure () {
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+test_pushdefault_workflow () {
+	workflow=central
+	pushdefault=parent1
+	if test -n "${4-}"; then
+		workflow=triangular
+		pushdefault=parent2
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "push.default = $2 $1 in $workflow workflows" "
+		test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+		test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+		test_config remote.pushdefault $pushdefault &&
+		test_commit commit-for-$2${4+-triangular} &&
+		test_push_$1 $2 $3 ${4+repo2}
+	"
+}
+
 test_expect_success '"upstream" pushes to configured upstream' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
@@ -48,7 +70,6 @@ test_expect_success '"upstream" pushes to configured upstream' '
 test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured remote' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_unconfig branch.master.remote &&
-	test_config push.default upstream &&
 	test_commit three &&
 	test_push_failure upstream
 '
@@ -57,7 +78,6 @@ test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured branch' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
 	test_unconfig branch.master.merge &&
-	test_config push.default upstream
 	test_commit four &&
 	test_push_failure upstream
 '
@@ -115,4 +135,41 @@ test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, upstream configured with different
 	test_cmp expect-other-name actual-other-name
 '
 
+# We are on 'master', which integrates with 'foo' from parent1
+# remote (set in test_pushdefault_workflow helper).  Push to
+# parent1 in centralized, and push to parent2 in triangular workflow.
+# The parent1 repository has 'master' and 'foo' branches, while
+# the parent2 repository has only 'master' branch.
+#
+# test_pushdefault_workflow() arguments:
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+
+# update parent1's master (which is not our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master
+
+# update parent1's foo (which is our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success upstream foo
+
+# upsream is foo which is not the name of the current branch
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure simple master
+
+# master and foo are updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master
+
+# master is updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master triangular
+
+# upstream mode cannot be used in triangular
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure upstream foo triangular
+
+# in triangular, 'simple' works as 'current' and update the branch
+# with the same name.
+test_pushdefault_workflow success simple master triangular
+
+# master is updated (parent2 does not have foo)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master triangular
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index c983d3694c..3932e797f7 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -54,9 +54,6 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in rev-list' '
 	printf "0032want %s\n0034shallow %s00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) $(git rev-parse HEAD^) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	# pack-objects survived
-	grep "Total.*, reused" output.err &&
-	# but there was an error, which must have been in rev-list
 	grep "bad tree object" output.err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 1947c28c64..8c16e045a0 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		(
 			cd gar/bage &&
 			git init &&
+			git config push.default matching &&
 			>junk &&
 			git add junk &&
 			git commit -m "Initial junk"
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ba20d83333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='compare & swap push force/delete safety'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_srcdst_basic () {
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git clone --no-local . src &&
+	git clone --no-local src dst &&
+	(
+		cd src && git checkout HEAD^0
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	: create template repository
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	test_commit C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote . refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master origin master &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed even though no-ff)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	)
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	)
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master |
+	sed -e "s/master/naster/" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/naster >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ed58d27f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='avoiding conflicting update thru symref aliasing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git clone . src &&
+	git clone src dst1 &&
+	git clone src dst2 &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	( cd src && git pull )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push' '
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git push ../dst1 "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst1 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst1 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch' '
+	(
+		cd dst2 &&
+		git fetch ../src "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst2 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst2 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
index 4b4b4a604f..470ac54295 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ test_expect_success 'used receive-pack service' '
 '
 
 test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
-	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master
+	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master 		success
 
 test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
 	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
@@ -181,8 +181,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push (chunked)' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit commit path3 &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	git config http.postbuffer 4 &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset http.postbuffer" &&
+	test_config http.postbuffer 4 &&
 	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
 	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
 	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
@@ -295,5 +294,35 @@ test_expect_success 'push to auth-only-for-push repo' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'create repo without http.receivepack set' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git init half-auth &&
+	(
+		cd half-auth &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare half-auth "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone via half-auth-complete does not need password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL"/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git \
+		half-auth-clone &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into half-auth-complete requires password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/half-auth-clone" &&
+	echo two >expect &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git" &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 stop_httpd
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
index 80d20c876b..f7d0f146f0 100755
--- a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5550'}
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content1 >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
index c5cd2e348c..8196af19f6 100755
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5551'}
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -157,6 +158,51 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_SMART_HTTP can disable smart http' '
 	 test_must_fail git fetch)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual
+	grep "not valid:" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
+	test_commit namespaced &&
+	git push public HEAD:refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		symbolic-ref refs/namespaces/ns/HEAD refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'smart clone respects namespace' '
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-smart &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-smart/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb clone via http-backend respects namespace' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile true &&
+	GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 git clone \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-dumb &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-dumb/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >cookies.txt <<EOF
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+EOF
+cat >expect_cookies.txt <<EOF
+
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/repo.git/info/	FALSE	0	name	value
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'cookies stored in http.cookiefile when http.savecookies set' '
+	git config http.cookiefile cookies.txt &&
+	git config http.savecookies true &&
+	git ls-remote $HTTPD_URL/smart_cookies/repo.git master &&
+	tail -3 cookies.txt > cookies_tail.txt
+	test_cmp expect_cookies.txt cookies_tail.txt
+'
+
 test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'create 50,000 tags in the repo' '
@@ -179,13 +225,17 @@ test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'create 50,000 tags in the repo' '
 
 	# now assign tags to all the dangling commits we created above
 	tag=$("$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
-	sed -e "s/^:\(.\+\) \(.\+\)$/\2 refs\/tags\/$tag-\1/" <marks >>packed-refs
+	sed -e "s|^:\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$|\2 refs/tags/$tag-\1|" <marks >>packed-refs
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'clone the 50,000 tag repo to check OS command line overflow' '
 	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git too-many-refs 2>err &&
-	test_line_count = 0 err
+	test_line_count = 0 err &&
+	(
+		cd too-many-refs &&
+		test $(git for-each-ref refs/tags | wc -l) = 50000
+	)
 '
 
 stop_httpd
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
index ef98d95e00..9be9ae3436 100755
--- a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test_description='test git-http-backend-noserver'
 
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
 
 run_backend() {
 	echo "$2" |
diff --git a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
index a3a4e47e1d..f01edffa3c 100755
--- a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
+++ b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT=${LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT-5570}
 start_git_daemon
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
diff --git a/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6f9916a390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check pre-push hooks'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-push"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config push.default upstream &&
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD:foreign
+'
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+COMMIT1="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT1
+
+test_expect_success 'push with failing hook' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify bypasses hook' '
+	git push --no-verify parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+COMMIT2="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT2
+
+write_script "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+echo "$1" >actual
+echo "$2" >>actual
+cat >>actual
+EOF
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/master $COMMIT2 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with hook' '
+	git push parent1 master:foreign &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a branch' '
+	git checkout -b other parent1/foreign &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+COMMIT3="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT3
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/other $COMMIT3 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to default' '
+	git push &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/tags/one $COMMIT1 refs/tags/tag1 $_z40
+HEAD~ $COMMIT2 refs/heads/prev $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push non-branches' '
+	git push parent1 one:tag1 HEAD~:refs/heads/prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+(delete) $_z40 refs/heads/prev $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete' '
+	git push parent1 :prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+repo1
+repo1
+HEAD $COMMIT3 refs/heads/other $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to URL' '
+	git push repo1 HEAD &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+# Test that filling pipe buffers doesn't cause failure
+# Too slow to leave enabled for general use
+if false
+then
+	printf 'parent1\nrepo1\n' >expected
+	nr=1000
+	while test $nr -lt 2000
+	do
+		nr=$(( $nr + 1 ))
+		git branch b/$nr $COMMIT3
+		echo "refs/heads/b/$nr $COMMIT3 refs/heads/b/$nr $_z40" >>expected
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success 'push many refs' '
+		git push parent1 "refs/heads/b/*:refs/heads/b/*" &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+fi
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
index ee06d28649..4435693bb2 100755
--- a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'successful clone must leave the directory' \
-    'cd bar'
+    'test -d bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed clone --separate-git-dir should not leave any directories' '
+	mkdir foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects/* foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir gitdir foo worktree &&
+	test_must_fail test -e gitdir &&
+	test_must_fail test -e worktree &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects.bak/* foo/.git/objects/ &&
+	rmdir foo/.git/objects.bak
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 67869b4813..0629149edd 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -280,4 +280,9 @@ test_expect_success 'clone checking out a tag' '
 	test_cmp fetch.expected fetch.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW,NOT_CYGWIN 'clone local path foo:bar' '
+	cp -R src "foo:bar" &&
+	git clone "./foo:bar" foobar
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
index c47d450cc3..6537911a43 100755
--- a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
@@ -54,11 +54,14 @@ cd "$base_dir"
 
 rm -f "$U.D"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
-'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' '
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.D git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
-'! grep "^want" "$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' '
+	test -s "$U.D" &&
+	! grep " want" "$U.D"
+'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -173,12 +176,26 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with incomplete alternates' '
 	(
 		cd K &&
 		git remote add J "file://$base_dir/J" &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch J 3>"$U.K"
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.K git fetch J
 	) &&
 	master_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads/master) &&
-	! grep "^want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
+	test -s "$U.K" &&
+	! grep " want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
 	tag_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/tags/HEAD) &&
-	! grep "^want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+	! grep " want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo with gitfile as a reference' '
+	git clone --separate-git-dir=L A M &&
+	git clone --reference=M A N &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/N/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo pointed at by gitfile as reference' '
+	git clone --reference=M/.git A O &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/O/.git/objects/info/alternates"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
index 02cb024723..85cadfad6d 100755
--- a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -o' '
 test_expect_success 'redirected clone' '
 
 	git clone "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err
+	test_must_be_empty err
 
 '
 test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v' '
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
index 9e43731fe5..a45c31692e 100755
--- a/t/t5704-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
@@ -58,4 +58,14 @@ test_expect_success 'ridiculously long subject in boundary' '
 	grep "^-[0-9a-f]\\{40\\} " boundary
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prerequisites with an empty commit message' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	test_commit file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
index aa045295de..5a6e49d18d 100755
--- a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
+++ b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'creating too deep nesting' \
 git clone -l -s D E &&
 git clone -l -s E F &&
 git clone -l -s F G &&
-git clone -l -s G H'
+git clone --bare -l -s G H'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
 'cd H && {
diff --git a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e7dc668cef..0000000000
--- a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
-#
-
-test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON ; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python not available'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-"$PYTHON_PATH" -c '
-import sys
-if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
-    sys.exit(1)
-' || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python version < 2.4'
-	test_done
-}
-
-compare_refs() {
-	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
-	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	git init --bare server/.git &&
-	git clone server public &&
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >file &&
-	 git add file &&
-	 git commit -m one &&
-	 git push origin master)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from remote repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m two &&
-	 git push)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
-	(cd localclone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from remote remote' '
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-# Generally, skip this test.  It demonstrates a now-fixed race in
-# git-remote-testgit, but is too slow to leave in for general use.
-: test_expect_success 'racily pushing to local repo' '
-	test_when_finished "rm -rf server2 localclone2" &&
-	cp -R server server2 &&
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server2" localclone2 &&
-	(cd localclone2 &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY=2 git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone2 HEAD server2 HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'synch with changes from localclone' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git pull)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing remote local repo' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m four &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 git checkout -b new &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m five &&
-	 git push origin new
-	) &&
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch origin new
-	) &&
-	compare_refs public HEAD localclone FETCH_HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch
-	) &&
-	compare_refs server master localclone refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-	compare_refs server new localclone refs/remotes/origin/new
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m six &&
-	 git push
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone master server master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m seven &&
-	 git push origin new-name
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..613f69a254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+compare_refs() {
+	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git init server &&
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
+	(cd local && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git reset --hard &&
+	 git checkout -b new &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m five
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch origin new
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server master local refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	compare_refs server new local refs/remotes/origin/new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m six &&
+	 git push
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local master server master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m seven &&
+	 git push origin new-name
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing without refspecs' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m ten &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC &&
+	test_must_fail git push 2>../error) &&
+	grep "remote-helper doesn.t support push; refspec needed" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without marks' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without marks' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m twelve &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push all with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup2 master &&
+	git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup2 server dup2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup master &&
+	git push origin dup
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup server dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	git push origin signed-tag
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag^{} server signed-tag^{} &&
+	test_must_fail compare_refs local signed-tag server signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag with signed-tags capability' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag-2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS=1 git push origin signed-tag-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag-2 server signed-tag-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b update master &&
+	echo update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify remotes/origin/update >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs disabled by no-private-update' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo more-update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more-update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE=t git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs failure' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout update &&
+	echo "update fail" >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "update fail" &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR="non-fast forward" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	cd local &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch 2> error &&
+	cat error &&
+	grep -q "Error while running fast-import" error
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	cd local &&
+	test_must_fail git push --all
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push messages' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b new_branch master &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch 2> msg &&
+	! grep "\[new branch\]" msg
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..878faf2b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ext::cmd remote "connect" helper'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m third &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip three" three &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success clone '
+	cmd=$(echo "echo >&2 ext::sh invoked && %S .." | sed -e "s/ /% /g") &&
+	git clone "ext::sh -c %S% ." dst &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "ext::sh -c $cmd" &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/
+	) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update following tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fifth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip five" five &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m sixth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip two" two three^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag without primary transfer' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip one " one two^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
index fb07536a0f..43ad772484 100755
--- a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
+++ b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
@@ -39,25 +39,25 @@ test_bisection_diff()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
 git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 
 
@@ -90,29 +90,29 @@ git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 #     F
 
 
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
-
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
+
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
 
 test_sequence()
 {
diff --git a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
index e4c52b0214..24d1836f41 100755
--- a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
+++ b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
@@ -16,39 +16,34 @@ list_duplicates()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
+on_dates "00:00" "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_dates "00:01" "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_dates "00:02" "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_dates "00:03" "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_dates "00:04" "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_dates "00:05" "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:06" "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:07" "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:08" "00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:09" "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
+on_dates "00:10" "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_dates "00:11" "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_dates "00:12" "00:00" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_dates "00:13" "00:01" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_dates "00:14" "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_dates "00:15" "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:16" "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_dates "00:17" "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_dates "00:18" "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_dates "00:19" "00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:20" "00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
+on_dates "00:21" "00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
+on_dates "00:22" "00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
+on_dates "00:23" "00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
+on_dates "00:24" "00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
+on_dates "00:25" "00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
 
 
-#
-# note: as of 20/6, it isn't possible to create duplicate parents, so this
-# can't be tested.
-#
-#on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m3 unique_commit m3 tree -p c3 -p a4 -p c3
 hide_error save_tag e1 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree
 save_tag e2 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e2 tree -p e1
 save_tag f1 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f1 tree -p e1
@@ -105,6 +100,50 @@ l0
 root
 EOF
 
+test_output_expect_success 'simple date order' 'git rev-list --date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple author-date order' 'git rev-list --author-date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a3
+a2
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
 test_output_expect_success 'two diamonds topo order (g6)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  g4' <<EOF
 g4
 h2
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index f94f0c48e6..98744038ec 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -1,67 +1,105 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
+
 test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_tick
+# String "added" in German
+# (translated with Google Translate),
+# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+added=$(printf "added (hinzugef\303\274gt) foo")
+added_iso88591=$(echo "$added" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1)
+# same but "changed"
+changed=$(printf "changed (ge\303\244ndert) foo")
+changed_iso88591=$(echo "$changed" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1)
+
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-touch foo && git add foo && git commit -m "added foo" &&
-  echo changed >foo && git commit -a -m "changed foo"
+	: >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git commit -m "$added_iso88591" &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head1) &&
+	tree1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree1) &&
+	echo "$changed" > foo &&
+	git commit -a -m "$changed_iso88591" &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head2) &&
+	tree2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree2)
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
-# usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
-test_format() {
+# usage: test_format name format_string [failure] <expected_output
+test_format () {
 	cat >expect.$1
-	test_expect_success "format $1" "
-git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
-test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
-"
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "format $1" "
+		git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+		test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+	"
 }
 
-test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+# Feed to --format to provide predictable colored sequences.
+AUTO_COLOR='%C(auto,red)foo%C(auto,reset)'
+has_color () {
+	printf '\033[31mfoo\033[m\n' >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+has_no_color () {
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+test_format percent %%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
 %h
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 %h
 EOF
 
-test_format hash %H%n%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
+test_format hash %H%n%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head2
+$head2_short
+commit $head1
+$head1
+$head1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format tree %T%n%t <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-fe722612f26da5064c32ca3843aa154bdb0b08a0
-fe72261
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-4d5fcadc293a348e88f777dc0920f11e7d71441c
-4d5fcad
+test_format tree %T%n%t <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$tree2
+$tree2_short
+commit $head1
+$tree1
+$tree1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format parents %P%n%p <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format parents %P%n%p <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head1
+$head1_short
+commit $head1
 
 
 EOF
 
 # we don't test relative here
-test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<EOF
+commit $head2
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -69,14 +107,14 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<EOF
+commit $head2
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -84,86 +122,155 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head2
+iso8859-1
+commit $head1
+iso8859-1
 EOF
 
-test_format subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+test_format subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
 EOF
 
-test_format body %b <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format body %b <<EOF
+commit $head2
+commit $head1
 EOF
 
-test_format raw-body %B <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
+test_format raw-body %B <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
 
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head1
+$added
 
 EOF
 
-test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foobarbazxyzzy
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foobarbazxyzzy
 EOF
 
-test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foo
 EOF
 
-cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) does not enable color by default' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.diff' '
+	git -c color.diff=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.ui' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --no-color >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		test_terminal \
+			git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_no_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1 > commit-msg <<EOF
 Test printing of complex bodies
 
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
 and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
 include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
 EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
-git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
-  echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg
+	git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
+	echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head3_short=$(git rev-parse --short $head3)
 '
 
-test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+test_format complex-encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head3
+iso8859-1
+commit $head2
+iso8859-1
+commit $head1
 iso8859-1
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+test_format complex-subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
 Test printing of complex bodies
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head2
+$changed_iso88591
+commit $head1
+$added_iso88591
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+test_expect_success 'prepare expected messages (for test %b)' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expected.utf-8 &&
+	commit $head3
+	This commit message is much longer than the others,
+	and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
+	include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+
+	commit $head2
+	commit $head1
+	EOF
+	iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1 expected.utf-8 >expected.iso8859-1
+'
 
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format complex-body %b <expected.iso8859-1
+
+# Git uses i18n.commitEncoding if no i18n.logOutputEncoding set
+# so unset i18n.commitEncoding to test encoding conversion
+git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
 EOF
 
+test_format complex-body-commitencoding-unset %b <expected.utf-8
+
 test_expect_success '%x00 shows NUL' '
-	echo  >expect commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea &&
+	echo  >expect commit $head3 &&
 	echo >>expect fooQbar &&
 	git rev-list -1 --format=foo%x00bar HEAD >actual.nul &&
 	nul_to_q <actual.nul >actual &&
@@ -210,12 +317,12 @@ test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (2)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% bThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 2
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% sThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 4
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 6
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--abbrev' '
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index 30507407ff..66cda17ef3 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -133,4 +133,17 @@ test_expect_success 'dodecapus' '
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=13" &&
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=4 --max-parents=11" tetrapus
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'ancestors with the same commit time' '
+
+	test_tick_keep=$test_tick &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
+		test_tick=$test_tick_keep
+		test_commit t$i
+	done &&
+	git rev-list t1^! --not t$i >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index 839ad97b79..fde5e712eb 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -14,21 +14,24 @@ unnote () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Hi there" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file" &&
+	echo "initial" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file and lost" &&
 	note A &&
 
 	git branch other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file" &&
+	echo "second" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
 	note B &&
 
 	git checkout other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
+	>lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified the file identically" &&
 	note C &&
 
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Add another file" &&
 	note D &&
 
-	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	>lost && git commit -a -m "merge" &&
 	note E &&
 
 	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
@@ -56,19 +61,37 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo "Final change" >file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
-	note I
+	note I &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
+	note K &&
+
+	echo "Immaterial" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Last" &&
+	note L
 '
 
 FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
 
-check_result () {
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
 	for c in $1
 	do
 		echo "$c"
 	done >expect &&
 	shift &&
 	param="$*" &&
-	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
 		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
 		unnote >actual &&
 		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
@@ -79,13 +102,35 @@ check_result () {
 	'
 }
 
-check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
 check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
 check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
 
+check_result 'E C B A' --full-history E -- lost
+test_expect_success 'full history simplification without parent' '
+	printf "%s\n" E C B A >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="$FMT" --full-history E -- lost |
+	unnote >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
+	test_cmp expect check || {
+		cat actual
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--full-diff is not affected by --parents' '
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff -- file >expected &&
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff --parents -- file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
index 39b4cb0ecd..dabebaee0b 100755
--- a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
+++ b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ test_description='--ancestry-path'
 #
 #  D..M -- M.t                 == M
 #  --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t == M
+#
+#  F...I                 == F G H I
+#  --ancestry-path F...I == F H I
+#
+#  G..M -- G.t                 == [nothing - was dropped in "-s ours" merge L]
+#  --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t == L
+#  --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t == G L
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -63,13 +70,52 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list D..M -- M.t' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-patch D..M -- M.t' '
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t' '
 	echo M >expect &&
 	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s D..M -- M.t |
 	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list F...I' '
+	for c in F G H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path F...I' '
+	for c in F H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# G.t is dropped in an "-s ours" merge
+test_expect_success 'rev-list G..M -- G.t' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t' '
+	echo L >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t' '
+	for c in G L; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges --format=%s G^..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 #   b---bc
 #  / \ /
 # a   X
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
index 331b9b07d4..d15b313d4b 100755
--- a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
+++ b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
 #
 
-# See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
+# See http://marc.info/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
 # nice description of what this is about.
 
 
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index c680f789a7..a89dfbef08 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >sub/file &&
 	echo foo >dir/file-in-the-way &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	echo 11 >>sub/file &&
 	echo more >>dir/file-in-the-way &&
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup both rename source and destination involved in D/F co
 	mkdir one &&
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv one/file destdir &&
 	git commit -m "Renamed to destdir" &&
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts)' '
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	echo other >two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv two/file one &&
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename of one file to two, with directories in the wa
 
 	echo stuff >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	mkdir two &&
 	>two/file &&
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename one file to two; directories moving out of the
 	mkdir one two &&
 	touch one/file two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv original one &&
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, normal rename' '
 
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv original rename &&
 	echo 11 >>rename &&
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup to test avoiding unnecessary update, with D/F conflic
 	mkdir df &&
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >df/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv df/file temp &&
 	rm -rf df &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 72e28ee535..064f5cefeb 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: existing ".git/BISECT_START" not modified if
 	cp .git/BISECT_START saved &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
 	git branch > branch.output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch, bisect started on other)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
 	test_cmp saved .git/BISECT_START
 '
 test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if checkout error' '
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
 # but $HASH2 is bad,
 # so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
-test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successful result' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
@@ -676,9 +676,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect fails if tree is broken on trial commit' '
 check_same()
 {
 	echo "Checking $1 is the same as $2" &&
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expected.same &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > expected.actual &&
-	test_cmp expected.same expected.actual
+	test_cmp_rev "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect: --no-checkout - start commit bad' '
@@ -743,4 +741,42 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect: demonstrate identification of damage boundary' "
 	git bisect reset
 "
 
+cat > expected.bisect-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# good: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect good 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-log bisect-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+cat > expected.bisect-skip-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# skip: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect skip 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# only skipped commits left to test
+# possible first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# possible first bad commit: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: only skip commits left' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-skip-log bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
index 2599ae50eb..9324ea4416 100755
--- a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 test_description='merging when a directory was replaced with a symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/c a/b-2/c &&
 	> a/b/c/d &&
 	> a/b-2/c/d &&
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink'
 	git commit -m base &&
 	git tag start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s b-2 a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b-2 a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	test_must_fail git checkout start^0
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
+test_expect_success 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	 git checkout start^0 &&
 	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge test' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d &&
 	echo x > a/x &&
@@ -50,39 +50,51 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
 	git tag baseline
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -100,52 +112,61 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout start^0 &&
 	rm -rf a/b-2 &&
-	ln -s b a/b-2 &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b a/b-2 &&
 	git commit -m "dir a/b-2 to symlink" &&
 	git tag test2
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b foo test2 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
index ec2b516c3f..ba26cfe923 100755
--- a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -28,10 +28,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 		git checkout -b b4 origin &&
 		advance e &&
-		advance f
+		advance f &&
+		git checkout -b brokenbase origin &&
+		git checkout -b b5 --track brokenbase &&
+		advance g &&
+		git branch -d brokenbase &&
+		git checkout -b b6 origin
 	) &&
 	git checkout -b follower --track master &&
-	advance g
+	advance h
 '
 
 script='s/^..\(b.\)[	 0-9a-f]*\[\([^]]*\)\].*/\1 \2/p'
@@ -56,6 +61,8 @@ b1 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
 b2 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
 b3 origin/master: behind 1
 b4 origin/master: ahead 2
+b5 brokenbase: gone
+b6 origin/master
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'checkout' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test && git checkout b1
 	) >actual &&
@@ -80,7 +87,22 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with local tracked branch' '
 	test_i18ngrep "is ahead of" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'status' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test && git checkout b6
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test &&
 		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
@@ -90,6 +112,65 @@ test_expect_success 'status' '
 	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b1...origin/master [ahead 1, behind 1]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (diverged from upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b5...brokenbase [gone]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b6...origin/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'fail to track lightweight tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag light &&
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index decdc33c52..7d47984352 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" listing and deleting' '
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l)" &&
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)" &&
      aa=${HASH2%??????????????????????????????????????} &&
-     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l "$aa*")" &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace --list "$aa*")" &&
      test_must_fail git replace -d $R &&
-     test_must_fail git replace -d &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --delete &&
      test_must_fail git replace -l -d $HASH2 &&
      git replace -d $HASH2 &&
      git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" resolves sha1' '
      git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
      test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
      git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
-     test_must_fail git replace -f &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --force &&
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
 '
 
@@ -263,4 +263,23 @@ test_expect_success 'not just commits' '
 	test_cmp file.replaced file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'replaced and replacement objects must be of the same type' '
+	test_must_fail git replace mytag $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	BLOB=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-f option bypasses the type check' '
+	git replace -f mytag $HASH1 &&
+	git replace --force HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	git replace -f HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace ref cleanup' '
+	test -n "$(git replace)" &&
+	git replace -d $(git replace) &&
+	test -z "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
index e673c25e94..7ea14ced31 100755
--- a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -6,39 +6,86 @@
 test_description='Test git rev-parse with different parent options'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t6000.sh # t6xxx specific functions
-
-date >path0
-git update-index --add path0
-save_tag tree git write-tree
-hide_error save_tag start unique_commit "start" tree
-save_tag second unique_commit "second" tree -p start
-hide_error save_tag start2 unique_commit "start2" tree
-save_tag two_parents unique_commit "next" tree -p second -p start2
-save_tag final unique_commit "final" tree -p two_parents
-
-test_expect_success 'start is valid' 'git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"'
-test_expect_success 'start^0' "test $(cat .git/refs/tags/start) = $(git rev-parse start^0)"
-test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify start^1; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' "test $(git rev-parse second^1) = $(git rev-parse second^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse start) = $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1) = $(git rev-parse final^^^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2' "test $(git rev-parse start2) = $(git rev-parse final^1^2)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify final^1^3; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' 'test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1'
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' 'git rev-parse --verify start2^0'
-test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^@)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2)\""
-test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^\!)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2)\""
-
-test_expect_success 'repack for next test' 'git repack -a -d'
+
+test_cmp_rev_output () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	eval "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit start &&
+	test_commit second &&
+	git checkout --orphan tmp &&
+	test_commit start2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -m next start2 &&
+	test_commit final
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start is valid' '
+	git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^0' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output tags/start "git rev-parse start^0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output second^ "git rev-parse second^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output final^^^ "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start2 "git rev-parse final^1^2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' '
+	test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify final^1^3
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' '
+	git rev-parse --verify start2^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^@ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^! >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack for next test' '
+	git repack -a -d
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 works' '
-	start=`git rev-parse --verify start` &&
-	echo $start &&
-	abbrv=`echo $start | sed s/.\$//` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	abbrv=`git rev-parse --verify $abbrv` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	test $start = $abbrv'
+	start=$(git rev-parse --verify start) &&
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse ${start%?}"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..88b84dfa73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+#        ,---E--.   *H----------.             * marks !TREESAME parent paths
+#       /        \ /             \*
+# *A--*B---D--*F-*G---------K-*L-*M
+#   \     /*       \       /
+#    `-C-'          `-*I-*J
+#
+# A creates "file", B and F change it.
+# Odd merge G takes the old version from B.
+# I changes it, but J reverts it, so K is TREESAME to both parents.
+# H and L both change "file", and M merges those changes.
+
+test_description='TREESAME and limiting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+note () {
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+unnote () {
+	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$_x40 (tags/\([^)]*\))\([ 	]\)|\1\2|g"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit "Initial file" file "Hi there" A &&
+	git branch other-branch &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Hello" file "Hello" B &&
+	git branch third-branch &&
+
+	git checkout other-branch &&
+	test_commit "Added other" other "Hello" C &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_merge D other-branch &&
+
+	git checkout third-branch &&
+	test_commit "Third file" third "Nothing" E &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit "file=Blah" file "Blah" F &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge --no-commit third-branch &&
+	git checkout third-branch file &&
+	git commit &&
+	note G &&
+	git branch fiddler-branch &&
+
+	git checkout -b part2-branch &&
+	test_commit "file=Part 2" file "Part 2" H &&
+
+	git checkout fiddler-branch &&
+	test_commit "Bad commit" file "Silly" I &&
+
+	test_tick && git revert I && note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge --no-ff fiddler-branch &&
+	note K
+
+	test_commit "file=Part 1" file "Part 1" L &&
+
+	test_tick && test_must_fail git merge part2-branch &&
+	test_commit M file "Parts 1+2"
+'
+
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
+
+	case "$1" in
+	*"("*)
+		FMT="%P	%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="
+			s/^\([^	]*\)	\([^ ]*\) .*/(\1)\2/
+			s/ //g
+			s/()//
+		"
+		;;
+	*)
+		FMT="%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="s/^\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/"
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	printf "%s\n" $1 >expect &&
+	shift
+
+	param="$*" &&
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
+		git log --format="$FMT" $param |
+		unnote >actual &&
+		sed -e "$munge_actual" <actual >check &&
+		test_cmp expect check || {
+			cat actual
+			false
+		}
+	'
+}
+
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+# Odd merge G drops a change in F. Important that G is listed in all
+# except the most basic list. Achieving this means normal merge D will also be
+# shown in normal full-history, as we can't distinguish unless we do a
+# simplification pass. After simplification, D is dropped but G remains.
+# Also, merge simplification of G should not drop the parent B that the default
+# simple history follows.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G F E D C B A'
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G (D)F (B)E (BC)D (A)C (A)B A'
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E F D C B A' --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H B A' -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H (A)B A' --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G F D B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G (D)F (BA)D (A)B A' --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G (B)F (A)B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G F D B A' --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G F B A' --first-parent -- file
+
+# Check that odd merge G remains shown when F is the bottom.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G E' F..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E' F..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' F..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H' --parents F..M -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G' F..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G' F..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G' F..M --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G' F..M --first-parent -- file
+
+# Note that G is pruned when E is the bottom, even if it's the same commit list
+# If we want history since E, then we're quite happy to ignore G that took E.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' E..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' E..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (EJ)K (I)J (E)I (E)H' E..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (E)H (J)L (I)J (E)I' E..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# Should still be able to ignore I-J branch in simple log, despite limiting
+# to G.
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I' G..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' G..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)L (G)H' G..M --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --full-history -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# B..F should be able to simplify the merge D from irrelevant side branch C.
+# Default log should also be free to follow B-D, and ignore C.
+# But --full-history shouldn't drop D on its own - without simplification,
+# we can't decide if the merge from INTERESTING commit C was sensible.
+check_result 'F D C' B..F
+check_result 'F' B..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BA)D' B..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F' B..F --first-parent -- file
+
+# E...F should be equivalent to E F ^B, and be able to drop D as above.
+check_result 'F' E F ^B -- file # includes D
+check_result 'F' E...F -- file # includes D
+
+# Any sort of full history of C..F should show D, as it's the connection to C,
+# and it differs from it.
+check_result 'F D B' C..F
+check_result 'F B' C..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F (A)B' C..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F B' C..F --first-parent -- file
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6120-describe.sh b/t/t6120-describe.sh
index f67aa6ff6a..c0e5b2a627 100755
--- a/t/t6120-describe.sh
+++ b/t/t6120-describe.sh
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ check_describe tags/e --all HEAD^^^
 check_describe B-0-* --long HEAD^^2^
 check_describe A-3-* --long HEAD^^2
 
+check_describe c-7-* --tags
+check_describe e-3-* --first-parent --tags
+
 : >err.expect
 check_describe A --all A^0
 test_expect_success 'no warning was displayed for A' '
@@ -171,4 +174,28 @@ check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --tags --match="test2-*"
 
 check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --long --tags --match="test2-*" HEAD^
 
+test_expect_success 'name-rev with exact tags' '
+	echo A >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --contains with the exact tags' '
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git describe --contains $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git describe --contains $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ea00d71e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test globbing (and noglob) of pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit unrelated bar &&
+	test_commit vanilla foo &&
+	# insert file "f*" in the commit, but in a way that avoids
+	# the name "f*" in the worktree, because it is not allowed
+	# on Windows (the tests below do not depend on the presence
+	# of the file in the worktree)
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" "f*" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m star &&
+	test_commit bracket "f[o][o]"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla pathspec matches literally' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option disables :(literal)' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob environment variable works' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup xxx/bar' '
+	mkdir xxx &&
+	test_commit xxx xxx/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob) and --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with --glob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with :(literal) and --glob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8d4a7fcb91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case insensitive pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case sensitive tests - case insensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit bar bar &&
+	test_commit bAr bAr &&
+	test_commit BAR BAR &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	test_commit foo/bar foo/bar &&
+	test_commit foo/bAr foo/bAr &&
+	test_commit foo/BAR foo/BAR &&
+	mkdir fOo &&
+	test_commit fOo/bar fOo/bar &&
+	test_commit fOo/bAr fOo/bAr &&
+	test_commit fOo/BAR fOo/BAR &&
+	mkdir FOO &&
+	test_commit FOO/bar FOO/bar &&
+	test_commit FOO/bAr FOO/bAr &&
+	test_commit FOO/BAR FOO/BAR
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches bar' '
+	echo bar >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- "bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	FOO/BAR
+	FOO/bAr
+	FOO/bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	foo/BAR
+	foo/bAr
+	foo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)../foo/bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git ls-files ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ../bar ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 992c2a0467..54b5744cc5 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -180,6 +175,24 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	x Via Another Committer
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c core.commentchar="x" fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
 	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
@@ -248,14 +261,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.summary &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --log -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log-config &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log -m "Sync with left" \
@@ -290,29 +303,29 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual2 &&
 
-	git config merge.log yes &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual3 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -325,8 +338,8 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -335,8 +348,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -350,8 +363,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg with nothing to merge' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	>empty &&
 
@@ -376,8 +389,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -406,8 +419,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -436,8 +449,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -464,6 +477,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 		echo "  ..."
 	} >expected &&
 
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . long &&
@@ -472,4 +487,43 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg with "merging" an annotated tag' '
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git tag -a -m "An annotated one" annote HEAD &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . annote &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	annote=$(git rev-parse annote) &&
+	git merge --no-commit $annote &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''$annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index a845b154e4..d432f42bcb 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -218,13 +218,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git mv should not change sha1 of moved cache entry' '
 
 rm -f dirty dirty2
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv moved symlink &&
 	git mv -f moved symlink &&
 	! test -e moved &&
@@ -237,22 +237,154 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 rm -f moved symlink
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv symlink moved &&
 	git mv -f symlink moved &&
 	! test -e symlink &&
-	test -h moved &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check moved symlink' '
+
+	test -h moved
+'
+
 rm -f moved symlink
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "added sub and file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv cannot move a submodule in a file' '
+	test_must_fail git mv sub file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and no .gitmodules' '
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -a ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with gitfile' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	(
+		cd mod &&
+		git mv ../sub/ .
+	) &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	test_must_fail git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -e sub &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=sub" >expect.err &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git mv -n sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index 1e7a209efa..9496736a89 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,6 +64,20 @@ test_expect_success 'correct GIT_DIR while using -d' '
 	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter works with -d' '
+	git init drepo-tree &&
+	(
+		cd drepo-tree &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+			--tree-filter "echo changed >one.t" &&
+		echo changed >expect &&
+		git cat-file blob HEAD:one.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp one.t actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
 	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
 '
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index f5a79b13ae..c8d6e9f88c 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@ test_expect_success 'creating a tag using HEAD directly should succeed' '
 	tag_exists myhead
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--force can create a tag with the name of one existing' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag --force mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag'
+
+test_expect_success '--force is moot with a non-existing tag name' '
+	git tag newtag >expect &&
+	git tag --force forcetag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+git tag -d newtag forcetag
+
 # deleting tags:
 
 test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
diff --git a/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a997f7ac3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='filter-branch removal of trees with null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: base commits' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: a commit with a bogus null sha1 in the tree' '
+	{
+		git ls-tree HEAD &&
+		printf "160000 commit $_z40\\tbroken\\n"
+	} >broken-tree
+	echo "add broken entry" >msg &&
+
+	tree=$(git mktree <broken-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree -p HEAD <msg) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit"
+'
+
+# we have to make one more commit on top removing the broken
+# entry, since otherwise our index does not match HEAD (and filter-branch will
+# complain). We could make the index match HEAD, but doing so would involve
+# writing a null sha1 into the index.
+test_expect_success 'setup: bring HEAD and index in sync' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "back to normal"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter commands are still checked' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch three.t"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removing the broken entry works' '
+	echo three >expect &&
+	git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch broken" &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
index 8f3b54d826..88d60c1ce2 100755
--- a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index --remove' '
 	test_cmp expected 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_absent &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_dirty &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
index f4f38a5e73..7d467c034a 100755
--- a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test_description='basic work tree status reporting'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit A &&
 	test_commit B oneside added &&
 	git checkout A^0 &&
@@ -28,20 +29,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Report new path with conflict' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch side
-# You have unmerged paths.
-#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-#
-# Unmerged paths:
-#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-#
-#	deleted by us:      foo
-#
+test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch side
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	deleted by us:      foo
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
 	mkdir mdconflict &&
 	(
 		cd mdconflict &&
@@ -134,19 +134,19 @@ test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (deleted by th
 	test_commit on_second main.txt on_second &&
 	test_commit master conflict.txt master &&
 	test_must_fail git merge second_branch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both added:         conflict.txt
-	#	deleted by them:    main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both added:         conflict.txt
+	deleted by them:    main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -167,20 +167,20 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
 
 test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (both deleted)' '
 	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflict_second
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both deleted:       main.txt
-	#	added by them:      sub_master.txt
-	#	added by us:        sub_second.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:       main.txt
+	added by them:      sub_master.txt
+	added by us:        sub_second.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -191,22 +191,22 @@ test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with only rm advice (both deleted)' '
 	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
 	git add sub_master.txt &&
 	git add sub_second.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflict_second
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	new file:   sub_master.txt
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both deleted:       main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	new file:   sub_master.txt
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:       main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..460789b4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status ignored files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	echo "ignored" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked sub-directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked &&
+	mkdir ignored &&
+	: >ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored/test &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore' '
+	: >untracked-ignored/ignored &&
+	: >untracked-ignored/test/ignored &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/ignored
+!! untracked-ignored/test/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir tracked &&
+	: >tracked/committed &&
+	git add tracked/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore' '
+	echo "committed" >>.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore' '
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	: >tracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf tracked/uncommitted &&
+	mkdir tracked/ignored &&
+	: >tracked/ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	: >tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git add -f tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..73709dbeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status with core.ignorecase=true'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'status with hash collisions' '
+	# note: "V/", "V/XQANY/" and "WURZAUP/" produce the same hash code
+	# in name-hash.c::hash_name
+	mkdir V &&
+	mkdir V/XQANY &&
+	mkdir WURZAUP &&
+	touch V/XQANY/test &&
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	git add . &&
+	# test is successful if git status completes (no endless loop)
+	git status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index b096dc88c2..8d4b50d1b5 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,19 @@ Documented tests for git reset'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "modify 2nd file (changed)" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="modify 2nd file (ge\303\244ndert)\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo "1st file" >first &&
@@ -28,7 +41,8 @@ test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+	git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1" commit -a -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -43,6 +57,20 @@ check_changes () {
 	done | test_cmp .cat_expect -
 }
 
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message (iso8859-1 logoutputencoding)' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git -c "i18n.logOutputEncoding=iso8859-1" reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg iso8859-1) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
 >.diff_expect
 >.cached_expect
 cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
@@ -56,7 +84,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving a non existing revision should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
@@ -74,7 +102,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
@@ -86,7 +114,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -110,7 +138,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -133,27 +161,27 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+		check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -176,7 +204,7 @@ test_expect_success '--soft reset only should show changes in diff --cached' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
 	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -191,9 +219,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'changing files and redo the last commit should succeed' '
 	echo "3rd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	check_changes $head4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -210,7 +239,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
 	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d
+			$head4
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -302,8 +331,8 @@ test_expect_success 'redoing the last two commits should succeed' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1" commit -a -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -325,10 +354,11 @@ test_expect_success '--hard reset to HEAD should clear a failed merge' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	test_must_fail git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	check_changes 77abb337073fb4369a7ad69ff6f5ec0e4d6b54bb
+	check_changes $head3
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -341,15 +371,15 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -388,7 +418,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test --mixed <paths>' '
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
 	test_cmp output expect &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
@@ -402,7 +433,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test resetting the index at give paths' '
 	>sub/file2 &&
 	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	U=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo "$T" &&
 	echo "$U" &&
@@ -440,7 +472,8 @@ test_expect_success 'resetting specific path that is unmerged' '
 		echo "100644 $F3 3	file2"
 	} | git update-index --index-info &&
 	git ls-files -u &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
@@ -449,10 +482,11 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (1)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	git reset secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet -- secondfile &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test -f secondfile &&
-	test ! -s secondfile
+	test_must_be_empty secondfile
 
 '
 
@@ -474,7 +508,8 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (3)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 
@@ -486,9 +521,18 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (4)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset with paths accepts tree' '
+	# for simpler tests, drop last commit containing added files
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reset HEAD^^{tree} -- . &&
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ --exit-code &&
+	git diff HEAD --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..af00ab4d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset should work on unborn branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo b >b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset HEAD' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset $file' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset a &&
+
+	echo b >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'reset -p' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo y >yes &&
+	git reset -p <yes &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft is a no-op' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --soft &&
+
+	echo a >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_when_finished "echo a >a" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing a
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index be9672e5a0..0c9ec0ad44 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detach a symbolic link HEAD' '
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
     git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
 
     git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index ccfb54de7a..710be90489 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -298,6 +298,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
@@ -332,6 +349,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
 
 	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
diff --git a/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ae394e934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git clean -i basic tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p src &&
+	touch src/part1.c Makefile &&
+	echo build >.gitignore &&
+	echo \*.o >>.gitignore &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m setup &&
+	touch src/part2.c README &&
+	git add .
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (c: clean hotkey)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo c | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (cl: clean prefix)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo cl | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (quit)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo quit | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo "\04" | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "part3.* *.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "* !*.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - none)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 2 3; echo 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 3)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3,4 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - filenames)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out foo.txt bar.txt baz.txt &&
+	(echo s; echo a.out fo ba bar; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f foo.txt &&
+	test ! -f bar.txt &&
+	test -f baz.txt &&
+	rm baz.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 1,3-4; echo 2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 4- 1; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (inverse select)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo -5- 1 -2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask - Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo no; echo yes; echo "\04") | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (filter)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo f; echo "docs"; echo "*.h"; echo ; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (select by name)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo s; echo "../docs/"; echo "../src/part3.c"; \
+	  echo "../src/part4.c";  echo; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index de7d45352e..10f89bd0ce 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - initial commit' '
 	git branch initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'configuration parsing' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .gitmodules" &&
+	cat >.gitmodules <<-\EOF &&
+	[submodule "s"]
+		path
+		ignore
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git status
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - repository in init subdirectory' '
 	mkdir init &&
 	(
@@ -78,7 +88,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -q "$submodurl" submod >actual &&
-		test ! -s actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
 		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
 		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
 		(
@@ -133,6 +143,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add --branch' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		test "initial" = "$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submod-branch.branch)" &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -211,6 +222,32 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./, /.. and // in path' '
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	mkdir addtest/sub &&
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" ../realsubmod3 &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/realsubmod3 ../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory with relative path should fail' '
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add ../../ submod3 2>../../output.err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep toplevel output.err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - add an example entry to .gitmodules' '
 	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules \
 	git config submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
@@ -307,7 +344,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update should work when path is an empty dir' '
 
 	mkdir init &&
 	git submodule update -q >update.out &&
-	test ! -s update.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty update.out &&
 
 	inspect init &&
 	test_cmp expect head-sha1
@@ -318,6 +355,26 @@ test_expect_success 'status should be "up-to-date" after update' '
 	grep "^ $rev1" list
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory with path' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status ../init >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'status should be "modified" after submodule commit' '
 	(
 		cd init &&
@@ -398,6 +455,25 @@ test_expect_success 'update --init' '
 	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'update --init from subdirectory' '
+	mv init init2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.example.url "$(pwd)/init2" &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.example &&
+	test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url &&
+
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule update ../init >update.out &&
+		cat update.out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "not initialized" update.out &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir ../init/.git &&
+
+		git submodule update --init ../init
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -695,7 +771,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with ano
 		rm -rf repo &&
 		git rm repo &&
 		git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/bare.git" repo >actual &&
-		test ! -s actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
 		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
 		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
 		(
@@ -707,13 +783,11 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with ano
 			test_cmp expect .git
 		) &&
 		echo "repo" >expect &&
-		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual&&
 		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
-		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url &&
 		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -733,12 +807,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
 		git rm repo &&
 		test_must_fail git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
 		test ! -d repo &&
-		echo "repo" >expect &&
-		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual&&
-		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
-		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url &&
 		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
 		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -756,4 +826,160 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up a second submodule' '
+	git submodule add ./init2 example2 &&
+	git commit -m "submodule example2 added"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit should remove the whole submodule section from .git/config' '
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit from subdirectory' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule deinit ../init >../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" output &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit . deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit deinits a submodule when its work tree is missing or empty' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	rm -rf init example2/* example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit init example2 >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains modifications unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/s &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains untracked files unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/untracked &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule HEAD does not match unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit is silent when used on an uninitialized submodule' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when submodule has a .git directory even when forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/example .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit -f init &&
+	test -d init/.git &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with UTF-8 name' '
+	svname=$(printf "\303\245 \303\244\303\266") &&
+	mkdir "$svname" &&
+	(
+		cd "$svname" &&
+		git init &&
+		>sub &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "init sub"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./"$svname" &&
+	git submodule >&2 &&
+	test -n "$(git submodule | grep "$svname")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add clone shallow submodule' '
+	mkdir super &&
+	pwd=$(pwd)
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		git submodule add --depth=1 file://"$pwd"/example2 submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
index 30b429e7dc..366746f0d4 100755
--- a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -45,6 +45,42 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory)' "
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory only)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary . >../actual
+	) &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory with explicit path)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary ../sm1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
@@ -68,6 +104,24 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'no ignore=all setting has any effect' "
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.path sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sm1
+"
+
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
@@ -76,8 +130,8 @@ head3=$(
 )
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
@@ -89,8 +143,8 @@ EOF
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
@@ -102,15 +156,15 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
-    git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -122,8 +176,8 @@ rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
-    git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
   < Add foo5
 
@@ -132,59 +186,59 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
-    git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
   > Add foo5
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4...$head6:
   Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
   > Add foo7
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -192,62 +246,60 @@ head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
-    git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
-    git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--for-status' "
-    git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
-    test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm1 $head6...0000000:
-#
-# * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
-#   > Add foo9
-#
+	git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
 EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when using --files together with --cached' "
-    test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
+	test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'should not fail in an empty repo' "
-    git init xyzzy &&
-    cd xyzzy &&
-    git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
-    test_cmp output /dev/null
+	git init xyzzy &&
+	cd xyzzy &&
+	git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp output /dev/null
 "
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
index f919c8d34d..8e32f19007 100755
--- a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
 #
 
-test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+test_description='Test rebasing, stashing, etc. with submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo second line >> file &&
 	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a &&
+	git branch added-submodule
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@ test_expect_success 'stash with a dirty submodule' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebasing submodule that should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout added-submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m extra
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ HEAD^0 &&
+	git ls-files -s submodule >actual &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^) 1	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) 2	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) 3	submodule"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 94e26c47ea..79bc135bf6 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -11,216 +11,338 @@ These tests exercise the "git submodule sync" subcommand.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	echo file > file &&
+	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m "sub-submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "sub-submodule"
 	) &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m "submodule"
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodule"
 	) &&
 	git clone super super-clone &&
-	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
 	git clone super empty-clone &&
-	(cd empty-clone && git submodule init) &&
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
 	git clone super top-only-clone &&
 	git clone super relative-clone &&
-	(cd relative-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive) &&
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
 	git clone super recursive-clone &&
-	(cd recursive-clone && git submodule update --init --recursive)
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 echo second line >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo second line >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m "change submodule"
 	)
 '
 
+reset_submodule_urls () {
+	local root
+	root=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	)
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
-	(cd super &&
-	 cd submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		cd submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
-	(cd moved-submodule &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
+	(
+		cd moved-submodule &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
 	) &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs' '
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
-	 git submodule sync
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		git submodule sync
 	) &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	test ! -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs' '
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 (cd submodule &&
-	  git pull --no-recurse-submodules
-	 ) &&
-	 git submodule sync --recursive
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset submodule URLs' '
+	reset_submodule_urls super-clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync >../../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive >../../output
 	) &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule/sub-submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	(cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update known submodule URLs' '
-	(cd empty-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should not vivify uninteresting submodule' '
-	(cd top-only-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
-	 git submodule sync submodule &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd top-only-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
+		git submodule sync submodule &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
-	)
-	(cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" propagates changes in origin' '
-	(cd recursive-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync --recursive &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
-	)
-	(cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ./submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ./foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ../submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ../foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar with deeply nested submodule' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
-	 mkdir -p a/b/c &&
-	 ( cd a/b/c &&
-	   git init &&
-	   :> .gitignore &&
-	   git add .gitignore &&
-	   test_tick &&
-	   git commit -m "initial commit" ) &&
-	 git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd a/b/c &&
-	 #actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			git init &&
+			>.gitignore &&
+			git add .gitignore &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m "initial commit"
+		) &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			#actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index feaec6cdf4..f0b33053ab 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup a submodule tree' '
 	 git submodule add ../merging merging &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "rebasing"
-	)
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git submodule add ../none none &&
 	 test_tick &&
@@ -80,6 +80,21 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update detaching the HEAD ' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update from subdirectory' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	mkdir super/sub &&
+	(cd super/sub &&
+	 (cd ../submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update ../submodule &&
+	 cd ../submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
 apos="'";
 test_expect_success 'submodule update does not fetch already present commits' '
 	(cd submodule &&
@@ -135,6 +150,37 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update --force forcibly checks out submodules' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should fetch upstream changes' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo line4 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line4"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout -b test-branch &&
+	 echo line5 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line5" &&
+	 git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.branch test-branch &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline test-branch)"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
 	(cd super/submodule &&
 	  git checkout master
@@ -248,6 +294,35 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!git checkout"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!false"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update submodule
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up rebase' '
 	(cd super &&
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.rebasing.update rebase &&
@@ -565,14 +640,14 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add places git-dir in superprojects git-dir recur
 	   git log > ../../../expected
 	  ) &&
 	  git commit -m "added subsubmodule" &&
-	  git push
+	  git push origin :
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd .git/modules/deeper/submodule/modules/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../../../../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 git add deeper/submodule &&
 	 git commit -m "update submodule" &&
-	 git push &&
+	 git push origin : &&
 	 test_cmp actual expected
 	)
 '
@@ -612,7 +687,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update places git-dir in superprojects git-dir re
 	rm -rf super_update_r2 &&
 	git clone super_update_r super_update_r2 &&
 	(cd super_update_r2 &&
-	 git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual &&
 	 (cd submodule/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../expected
 	 ) &&
@@ -633,8 +709,10 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add properly re-creates deeper level submodules'
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
 	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	 git commit -am "pre move" &&
-	 git status >expect&&
+	 H2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H/XXX/" >expect &&
 	 H=$(cd submodule2; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	 git rm --cached submodule2 &&
 	 rm -rf submodule2 &&
@@ -643,7 +721,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule2.path "moved/sub module"
 	 git commit -am "post move" &&
 	 git submodule update &&
-	 git status >actual &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H2/XXX/" >actual &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
@@ -651,14 +729,24 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd' '
 	mkdir -p linked/dir &&
 	ln -s linked/dir linkto &&
-	(
-		cd linkto &&
-		git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
-		(
-			cd super &&
-			git submodule update --init --recursive
-		)
+	(cd linkto &&
+	 git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
+	 (cd super &&
+	  git submodule update --init --recursive
+	 )
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update clone shallow submodule' '
+	git clone cloned super3 &&
+	pwd=$(pwd)
+	(cd super3 &&
+	 sed -e "s#url = ../#url = file://$pwd/#" <.gitmodules >.gitmodules.tmp &&
+	 mv -f .gitmodules.tmp .gitmodules &&
+	 git submodule update --init --depth=3
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+	 )
+	)
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 107b4b7c45..be93f10cf0 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@ test_expect_success 'test basic "submodule foreach" usage' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Entering '../sub1'
+$pwd/clone-foo1-../sub1-$sub1sha1
+Entering '../sub3'
+$pwd/clone-foo3-../sub3-$sub3sha1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "submodule foreach" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir clone/sub &&
+	(
+		cd clone/sub &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \$toplevel-\$name-\$sm_path-\$sha1" >../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup nested submodules' '
 	git clone submodule nested1 &&
 	git clone submodule nested2 &&
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'use "submodule foreach" to checkout 2nd level submodule' '
 		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		git submodule foreach "git submodule update --init" &&
-		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested1/nested2/.git
+		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/nested3/.git
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
index 2fec13dcd3..c20717181e 100755
--- a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working tree' '
 	mkdir home &&
 	(
 		cd home &&
-		export GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
 		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/sogood &&
 		test_commit "sogood" &&
@@ -39,7 +41,9 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working tree' '
 	(
 		cd home2 &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
-		export GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
 		git checkout master &&
 		git submodule update --init &&
 		(
@@ -55,7 +59,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working pointed by core.worktree' '
 	mkdir home3 &&
 	(
 		cd home3 &&
-		export GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote "$GIT_DIR" &&
 		git config core.bare false &&
 		git config core.worktree .. &&
@@ -66,7 +71,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working pointed by core.worktree' '
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd home &&
-		export GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
 		git config core.bare false &&
 		git config core.worktree .. &&
 		git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index 1c908f4d39..bdc1f29503 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ commit_msg_is () {
 	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
 	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
 
-	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$expect &&
-	printf "%s" "$1" >$actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >"$actual" &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >"$expect" &&
+	test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual"
 }
 
 # A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file should return error' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
-	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset commit.template" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
 	(
 		GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >\"\$1\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@ test_expect_success '-t option should be short for --template' '
 
 test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
 	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
-	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
 	echo "more content" >> foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	(
 		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
 		git commit
 	) &&
-	git config --unset commit.template &&
 	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c4dccff13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+echo "# comment" >> "$1"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
index 195e7477d8..f04798f872 100755
--- a/t/t7501-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'can use paths with --interactive' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'using invalid commit with -C' '
-	test_must_fail git commit -C bogus
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -C bogus
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nothing to commit' '
@@ -524,4 +524,17 @@ test_expect_success 'commit a file whose name is a dash' '
 	test_i18ngrep " changed, 5 insertions" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--only works on to-be-born branch' '
+	# This test relies on having something in the index, as it
+	# would not otherwise actually prove much.  So check this.
+	test -n "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	echo foo >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit --only newfile -m"--only on unborn branch" &&
+	echo newfile >expected &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index 1a5cb6983c..6313da2cdd 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ test_description='git commit porcelain-ish'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg_is () {
+	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
+	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
+
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$actual &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >$expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+}
+
 # Arguments: [<prefix] [<commit message>] [<commit options>]
 check_summary_oneline() {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -162,23 +171,30 @@ test_expect_success 'verbose' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
 
-	git config color.diff always &&
+	test_config color.diff always &&
 	git status -v >actual &&
-	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
-	git config --unset color.diff
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual
+'
+
+mesg_with_comment_and_newlines='
+# text
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file with comment line and trailing newlines'  '
+	printf "%s" "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" >expect
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-t)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
-	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim --no-status -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
@@ -187,16 +203,16 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-m)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
@@ -207,7 +223,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -218,7 +234,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -231,10 +247,79 @@ echo "sample
 # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
 # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e): output' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e): output' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode option)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --cleanup=non-existent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode configuration)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c commit.cleanup=non-existent commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (no config and no option uses default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (config overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides config)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --cleanup=default
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (default, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace option, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace config, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'message shows author when it is not equal to committer' '
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit -e -m "sample" -a &&
@@ -276,6 +361,23 @@ test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m <msg> was given' '
+	echo tick >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m tick) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m "" was given' '
+	echo tock >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" \
+	 git commit -m "" --allow-empty-message) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 
 	git clean -f &&
@@ -339,6 +441,18 @@ test_expect_success 'A single-liner subject with a token plus colon is not a foo
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit -s places sob on third line after two empty lines' '
+	git commit -s --allow-empty --allow-empty-message &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+
+
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "/^#/d" -e "s/^:.*//" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<\EOF
 mv "$1" "$1.orig"
 (
@@ -349,16 +463,6 @@ EOF
 
 echo '## Custom template' >template
 
-clear_config () {
-	(
-		git config --unset-all "$1"
-		case $? in
-		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
-		*)	exit 1 ;;
-		esac
-	)
-}
-
 try_commit () {
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -374,67 +478,57 @@ try_commit () {
 try_commit_status_combo () {
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
@@ -447,4 +541,10 @@ use_template="-t template"
 
 try_commit_status_combo
 
+test_expect_success 'commit --status with custom comment character' '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	try_commit --status &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 5b4b694f18..357375151d 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -167,5 +167,19 @@ test_expect_success 'with failing hook (--no-verify)' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
+
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git checkout - &&
+	test_must_fail git merge other
+
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index e313ef196e..6fb59f3293 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ test_description='git status'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	mkdir broken &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
 	(
@@ -59,8 +60,13 @@ test_expect_success 'status (1)' '
 	test_i18ngrep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
 '
 
+strip_comments () {
+	tab='	'
+	sed "s/^\# //; s/^\#$//; s/^#$tab/$tab/" <"$1" >"$1".tmp &&
+	rm "$1" && mv "$1".tmp "$1"
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'status --column' '
-	COLUMNS=50 git status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
@@ -77,9 +83,17 @@ test_expect_success 'status --column' '
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
-#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked untracked
-#	dir2/modified  output
+#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked output
+#	dir2/modified  expect         untracked
+#
 EOF
+	COLUMNS=50 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status --column="column dense" >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --column status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	COLUMNS=49 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -105,33 +119,62 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 #	expect
 #	output
 #	untracked
+#
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'status (2)' '
-	git status >output &&
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=true' '
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
+	cat >.git/editor <<-\EOF &&
+	#! /bin/sh
+	cp "$1" output
+EOF
+	chmod 755 .git/editor
+'
+
+commit_template_commented () {
+	(
+		EDITOR=.git/editor &&
+		export EDITOR &&
+		# Fails due to empty message
+		test_must_fail git commit
+	) &&
+	! grep '^[^#]' output
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'commit ignores status.displayCommentPrefix=false in COMMIT_EDITMSG' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status (advice.statusHints false)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset advice.statusHints" &&
-	git config advice.statusHints false &&
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -185,33 +228,35 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Untracked files:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	dir2/modified
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir2/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -246,30 +291,31 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore (nothing untracked)' '
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/modified
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -310,49 +356,47 @@ test_expect_success 'setup dir3' '
 	: >dir3/untracked2
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uno' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed
-EOF
-git config advice.statusHints false
 test_expect_success 'status -uno (advice.statusHints false)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed
+EOF
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
-git config --unset advice.statusHints
 
 cat >expect << EOF
  M dir1/modified
@@ -369,38 +413,38 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -unormal' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -unormal >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -427,39 +471,39 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/untracked1
-#	dir3/untracked2
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uall' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/untracked1
+	dir3/untracked2
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -uall >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -484,38 +528,37 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -uall' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	rm -rf dir3 &&
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   ../dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	untracked
-#	../dir2/modified
-#	../dir2/untracked
-#	../expect
-#	../output
-#	../untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   ../dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	untracked
+	../dir2/modified
+	../dir2/untracked
+	../expect
+	../output
+	../untracked
+
+EOF
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -562,40 +605,38 @@ test_expect_success 'setup unique colors' '
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>output<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
-	git config color.ui always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.ui" &&
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
+	<BLUE>output<RESET>
+	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
+
+EOF
+	test_config color.ui always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
-	git config color.status always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.status" &&
+	test_config color.status always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -692,35 +733,34 @@ test_expect_success 'status --porcelain respects -b' '
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 
 
 test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -739,30 +779,30 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat <<EOF >expect
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'dry-run of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git commit --dry-run dir1/modified >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -787,31 +827,32 @@ test_expect_success 'setup status submodule summary' '
 	git add sm
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -846,41 +887,52 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s --untracked-files=all does not show submodule' '
 
 head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit with submodule summary ignores status.displayCommentPrefix' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
  M dir1/modified
 A  dir2/added
@@ -897,26 +949,27 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
 	git commit -m "commit submodule" &&
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >output &&
@@ -946,36 +999,37 @@ test_expect_success 'status -z implies porcelain' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run submodule summary (--amend)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git commit --dry-run --amend >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
@@ -1000,52 +1054,51 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'status succeeds in a read-only repository'
 new_head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 touch .gitmodules
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	echo modified  sm/untracked &&
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1065,15 +1118,14 @@ test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=dirty suppresses submodules with untrac
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	! test -s actual &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1112,39 +1164,39 @@ test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with modifie
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#   (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (modified content)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (modified content)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1170,43 +1222,43 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodules wi
 
 head2=$(cd sm && git commit -q -m "2nd commit" foo && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (new commits)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Submodules changed but not updated:
-#
-# * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
-#   > 2nd commit
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (new commits)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Submodules changed but not updated:
+
+* sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+  > 2nd commit
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1254,32 +1306,81 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+; On branch master
+; Changes to be committed:
+;   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+;
+;	modified:   sm
+;
+; Changes not staged for commit:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+;   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+;
+;	modified:   dir1/modified
+;	modified:   sm (new commits)
+;
+; Submodule changes to be committed:
+;
+; * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+;   > Add bar
+;
+; Submodules changed but not updated:
+;
+; * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+;   > 2nd commit
+;
+; Untracked files:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+;
+;	.gitmodules
+;	dir1/untracked
+;	dir2/modified
+;	dir2/untracked
+;	expect
+;	output
+;	untracked
+;
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with two chars with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";;" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=all suppresses submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=all > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status > output &&
@@ -1287,7 +1388,7 @@ test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
@@ -1298,4 +1399,66 @@ test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup of test environment' '
+	git config status.showUntrackedFiles no &&
+	git status -s >expected_short &&
+	git status --no-short >expected_noshort
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" same as "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" weaker than "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status --no-short >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" same as "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" weaker than "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" same as "-b"' '
+	git status -sb >expected_branch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" different from "--no-branch"' '
+	git status -s --no-branch  >expected_nobranch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s --no-branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--porcelain"' '
+       git -c status.branch=true status --porcelain >actual &&
+       test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" same as "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" weaker than "-b"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -sb >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Restore default test environment' '
+	git config --unset status.showUntrackedFiles
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7512-status-help.sh b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
index b3f6eb9c68..0688d58884 100755
--- a/t/t7512-status-help.sh
+++ b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
 #
 
-test_description='git status advices'
+test_description='git status advice'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ test_description='git status advices'
 set_fake_editor
 
 test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit init main.txt init &&
 	git branch conflicts &&
 	test_commit on_master main.txt on_master &&
@@ -24,18 +25,18 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
 
 test_expect_success 'status when conflicts unresolved' '
 	test_must_fail git merge master &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflicts
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -46,17 +47,17 @@ test_expect_success 'status when conflicts resolved before commit' '
 	test_must_fail git merge master &&
 	echo one >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflicts
-	# All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
-	#   (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
+  (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -73,22 +74,23 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase conflicts' '
 
 test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
-	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -97,21 +99,22 @@ test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts'
 test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before rebase --continue' '
 	git reset --hard rebase_conflicts &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
 	echo three >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -130,22 +133,23 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase_i_conflicts' '
 
 test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
-	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -154,20 +158,21 @@ test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
 test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i after resolving conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -182,15 +187,16 @@ test_expect_success 'status when rebasing -i in edit mode' '
 	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~2) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_edit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -206,21 +212,22 @@ test_expect_success 'status when splitting a commit' '
 	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''split_commit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -236,16 +243,17 @@ test_expect_success 'status after editing the last commit with --amend during a
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''amend_last'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -265,16 +273,17 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -285,22 +294,23 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and split' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -311,17 +321,18 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and amend' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -332,17 +343,18 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "a" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -353,23 +365,24 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and split' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "b" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -380,18 +393,19 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and amend' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "c" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "d" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -402,19 +416,20 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit -m "e" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -425,25 +440,26 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and split' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit --amend -m "f" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -454,20 +470,21 @@ test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and amend' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit --amend -m "g" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "h" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -487,15 +504,15 @@ test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file already exists' '
 	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
 	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_already_exists
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_already_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -509,15 +526,15 @@ test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file does not exist' '
 	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
 	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_not_exists
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_not_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -532,15 +549,15 @@ test_expect_success 'status in an am session: empty patch' '
 	git commit -m "delete all am_empty" &&
 	echo error >Maildir/0002-two_am.patch &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_empty
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	# The current patch is empty.
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_empty
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+The current patch is empty.
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -556,13 +573,14 @@ test_expect_success 'status when bisecting' '
 	git bisect start &&
 	git bisect bad &&
 	git bisect good one_bisect &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently bisecting.
-	#   (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_bisect) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+HEAD detached at $TGT
+You are currently bisecting, started from branch '\''bisect'\''.
+  (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -577,16 +595,17 @@ test_expect_success 'status when rebase conflicts with statushints disabled' '
 	test_commit two_statushints main.txt two &&
 	test_commit three_statushints main.txt three &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''statushints_disabled'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+
+Unmerged paths:
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -607,18 +626,19 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare for cherry-pick conflicts' '
 test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking before resolving conflicts' '
 	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch cherry_branch
-	# You are currently cherry-picking.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -630,20 +650,97 @@ test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking after resolving conflicts' '
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
 	echo end >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch cherry_branch
-	# You are currently cherry-picking.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status showing detached at and from a tag' '
+	test_commit atag tagging &&
+	git checkout atag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF
+HEAD detached at atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF
+HEAD detached from atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo before >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit before to-revert.txt &&
+	echo old >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit old to-revert.txt &&
+	echo new >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit new to-revert.txt &&
+	TO_REVERT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	test_must_fail git revert $TO_REVERT &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      to-revert.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts resolved)' '
+	echo reverted >to-revert.txt &&
+	git add to-revert.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after reverting commit' '
+	git revert --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF
+On branch master
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 5e19598fe7..10aa028017 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ create_merge_msgs () {
 		echo &&
 		git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3
 	} >squash.1-5-9 &&
-	echo >msg.nolog &&
+	: >msg.nologff &&
+	echo >msg.nolognoff &&
 	{
 		echo "* tag 'c3':" &&
 		echo "  commit 3" &&
@@ -244,8 +245,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merges with --ff-only' '
 test_expect_success 'merges with merge.ff=only' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset merge.ff" &&
-	git config merge.ff only &&
+	test_config merge.ff "only" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c3 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash)' '
 
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
-test_expect_success 'unsuccesful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
+test_expect_success 'unsuccessful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --squash --ff-only c2
 '
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -346,12 +346,11 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge --log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --log &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--log" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -360,17 +359,12 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section branch.master" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section merge" &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section branch.master &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section merge &&
-
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
+	test_config merge.log "true" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -380,7 +374,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -392,7 +386,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -406,7 +400,7 @@ test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -422,7 +416,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -438,7 +432,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --commit c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -449,7 +443,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -460,7 +454,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
@@ -471,10 +464,9 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (merge.ff=false)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section merge &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents $c0 $c1
 '
@@ -482,22 +474,19 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'combine branch.master.mergeoptions with merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --ff &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--ff" &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section "branch.master" &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents "$c0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tolerate unknown values for merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff something-new &&
+	test_config merge.ff "something-new" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 2>message &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_head "$c1" &&
 	test_cmp empty message
 '
@@ -508,14 +497,20 @@ test_expect_success 'combining --squash and --no-ff is refused' '
 	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --squash c1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'combining --ff-only and --no-ff is refused' '
-	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --no-ff c1 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1
+test_expect_success 'option --ff-only overwrites --no-ff' '
+	git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option --no-ff overrides merge.ff=only config' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config merge.ff only &&
+	git merge --no-ff c1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
 	git merge --ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_head $c1
@@ -525,14 +520,20 @@ test_expect_success 'merge log message' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge --no-log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
-	test_cmp msg.nolog msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nologff msg.act &&
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nolognoff msg.act &&
 
 	git merge --log c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	git config merge.log yes &&
+	test_config merge.log "yes" &&
 	git merge c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act
@@ -542,7 +543,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -553,7 +553,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -564,7 +563,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c1 c2 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index b44b293950..830a4c3e9d 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup conflicted merge' '
 '
 
 # First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
-# recusive is choosen.
+# recursive is chosen.
 
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
index 6547eb8f54..758a623cdb 100755
--- a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -141,11 +141,10 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not overwrite untracked symlink in leading pa
 	test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
+test_expect_success 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
-	ln -s sub2 sub &&
-	git add sub &&
+	test_ln_s_add sub2 sub &&
 	git commit -m ln &&
 	git checkout sub
 '
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index bc38737b2a..05d9db090d 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mergetool takes partial path' '
     git submodule update -N &&
     test_must_fail git merge master &&
 
-    #shouldnt need these lines
+    #should not need these lines
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleted vs modified submodule' '
     git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
     git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
     test_must_fail git merge master &&
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ test_expect_success 'file vs modified submodule' '
     git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     echo not a submodule >submod &&
     git add submod &&
     git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule in subdirectory' '
 test_expect_success 'directory vs modified submodule' '
     git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     mkdir submod &&
     echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
     git add submod/file16 &&
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..21a0bf8fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge signature verification tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-signed &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "signed on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-unsigned &&
+	echo 3 >foo && git add foo &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "unsigned on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-bad &&
+	echo 3 >bar && git add bar &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "bad on side" &&
+	git cat-file commit side-bad >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/bad/forged bad/" raw >forged &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged >forged.commit &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-untrusted &&
+	echo 3 >baz && git add baz &&
+	test_tick && git commit -SB7227189 -m "untrusted on side"
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit) 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a bad GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with untrusted signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-untrusted 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has an untrusted GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge signed commit with verification' '
+	git merge --verbose --ff-only --verify-signatures side-signed >mergeoutput &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a good GPG signature" mergeoutput
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature without verification' '
+	git merge $(cat forged.commit)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index eb1d3f85b5..2418528487 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 David Aguilar
 #
 
 test_description='git-difftool
@@ -10,47 +10,19 @@ Testing basic diff tool invocation
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remove_config_vars()
+difftool_test_setup ()
 {
-	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
-	git config --unset diff.tool
-	git config --unset diff.guitool
-	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
-	git config --unset merge.tool
-	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
-	return 0
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat "$LOCAL"' &&
+	test_config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
 }
 
-restore_test_defaults()
-{
-	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
-	remove_config_vars
-	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
-	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
-}
-
-prompt_given()
+prompt_given ()
 {
 	prompt="$1"
 	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]: branch"
 }
 
-stdin_contains()
-{
-	grep >/dev/null "$1"
-}
-
-stdin_doesnot_contain()
-{
-	! stdin_contains "$1"
-}
-
 # Create a file on master and change it on branch
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 	echo master >file &&
@@ -65,249 +37,237 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 
 # Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
 test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch"
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd overrides built-ins
-test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands override built-ins' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.defaults.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool defaults --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
-
-	git config --unset difftool.defaults.cmd
+test_expect_success PERL 'custom tool commands override built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --tool vimdiff --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
-	test "$?" = 1 &&
-	test "$diff" = ""
+	: >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 1 \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards arguments to diff' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
 	echo changes>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff) &&
-	test "$diff" = "" &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	git reset -- for-diff &&
 	rm for-diff
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui last setting wins' '
-	git config diff.guitool bogus-tool &&
-	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui &&
-
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	git config --unset diff.tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
 # that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
 # when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
 # Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true git difftool branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
-	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config mergetool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
-	git config difftool.prompt true &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt true &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool -y branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool last flag wins' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars &&
-	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
-	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	test_config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
-	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
-	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
-	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
-	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch >output &&
+	lines=$(grep file output | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -x cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = file
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = master
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Create a second file on master and a different version on branch
@@ -324,26 +284,26 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup with 2 files different' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the first file' '
-	diff=$( (echo n; echo) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains br2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain branch
+	(echo n && echo) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep m2 output &&
+	grep br2 output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the second file' '
-	diff=$( (echo; echo n) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains branch &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain br2
+	(echo && echo n) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep master output &&
+	grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --tool-help' '
-	tool_help=$(git difftool --tool-help) &&
-	echo "$tool_help" | stdin_contains tool
+	git difftool --tool-help >output &&
+	grep tool output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
@@ -354,34 +314,123 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
 	git commit -m "added sub/sub" &&
 	echo test >>file &&
 	echo test >>sub/sub &&
-	git add . &&
+	git add file sub/sub &&
 	git commit -m "modified both"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -d' '
-	diff=$(git difftool -d --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test () {
+	test_expect_success PERL "$1 --no-symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--no-symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+	test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS "$1 --symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+}
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool -d' '
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --prompt --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --prompt --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
 	(
 		cd sub &&
-		diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+		git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+		grep sub output &&
+		grep file output
+	)
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff when worktree file is missing' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	rm file2 &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch master >output &&
+	grep file2 output
+'
+
+write_script .git/CHECK_SYMLINKS <<\EOF
+for f in file file2 sub/sub
+do
+	echo "$f"
+	readlink "$2/$f"
+done >actual
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff --symlink without unstaged changes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	file
+	$(pwd)/file
+	file2
+	$(pwd)/file2
+	sub/sub
+	$(pwd)/sub/sub
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff --symlink \
+		--extcmd "./.git/CHECK_SYMLINKS" branch HEAD &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+write_script modify-right-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >"$2/file"
+EOF
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree with unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree without unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks does not overwrite working tree file ' '
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-both-files <<\EOF
+echo "wt content" >file &&
+echo "tmp content" >"$2/file" &&
+echo "$2" >tmpdir
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks detects conflict ' '
+	(
+		TMPDIR=$TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		export TMPDIR &&
+		echo "orig content" >file &&
+		test_must_fail git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-both-files" branch &&
+		echo "wt content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		echo "tmp content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect "$(cat tmpdir)/file"
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
index a8957782cf..e1951a5cbb 100755
--- a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
+++ b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@ test_expect_success 'modified file' '
 	test_cmp empty out
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'copes with color settings' '
 	rm -f actual &&
 	echo grep.h >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t8001-annotate.sh b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
index 41962f04a7..72176e42c1 100755
--- a/t/t8001-annotate.sh
+++ b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ test_description='git annotate'
 PROG='git annotate'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'Annotating an old revision works' '
-	git annotate file master >result &&
-	awk "{ print \$3; }" <result >authors &&
+test_expect_success 'annotate old revision' '
+	git annotate file master >actual &&
+	awk "{ print \$3; }" <actual >authors &&
 	test 2 = $(grep A <authors | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 = $(grep B <authors | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index e2896cffc1..5cdf3f178e 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,16 @@ PROG='git blame -c'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
 PROG='git blame -c -e'
-test_expect_success 'Blame --show-email works' '
-    check_count "<A@test.git>" 1 "<B@test.git>" 1 "<B1@test.git>" 1 "<B2@test.git>" 1 "<author@example.com>" 1 "<C@test.git>" 1 "<D@test.git>" 1 "<E at test dot git>" 1
+test_expect_success 'blame --show-email' '
+	check_count \
+		"<A@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B1@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B2@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<author@example.com>" 1 \
+		"<C@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<D@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<E at test dot git>" 1
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
index 230143cf31..e7cac1db55 100755
--- a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@ test_expect_success 'blame -L with invalid end' '
 	grep "has only 2 lines" errors
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blame parses <end> part of -L' '
+	git blame -L1,1 tres >out &&
+	cat out &&
+	test $(wc -l < out) -eq 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, nine lines' '
 	git blame nine_lines >actual &&
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 0
diff --git a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
index bf6caa4dc3..7683515155 100755
--- a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
@@ -18,17 +18,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test number 0" >zero.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test 1" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2" >two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test 1 version 2" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2 version 2" >>two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		rm symlink.bin &&
-		ln -s two.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	rm -f symlink.bin &&
+	test_ln_s_add two.bin symlink.bin &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number2 git commit -a -m Second --date="2010-01-01 20:00:00"
 '
 
@@ -135,7 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame --textconv (on symlink)' '
 
 # cp two.bin three.bin  and make small tweak
 # (this will direct blame -C -C three.bin to consider two.bin and symlink.bin)
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'make another new commit' '
+test_expect_success 'make another new commit' '
 	cat >three.bin <<\EOF &&
 bin: test number 2
 bin: test number 2 version 2
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ EOF
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number4 git commit -a -m Fourth --date="2010-01-01 23:00:00"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
 	git blame -C -C three.bin >blame &&
 	find_blame <blame >result &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
index 78a0085e64..b95e102891 100755
--- a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ chmod +x helper
 
 test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test" >one.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test version 2" >one.bin &&
@@ -72,14 +70,14 @@ test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on previous commit' '
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
 	git cat-file blob :symlink.bin >result &&
 	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
 	! git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin 2>result &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :symlink.bin
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
 	! git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin 2>result &&
 	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on HEAD:symlink.bin
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 97d6f4c7de..2813aa9a61 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ \
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
     clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributor <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
@@ -171,6 +171,81 @@ Result: OK
 EOF
 "
 
+test_suppress_self () {
+	test_commit $3 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-EOF &&
+		sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p "\$1"
+	EOF
+
+	git commit --amend --author="$1 <$2>" -F - &&
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >"suppress-self-$3.patch" &&
+
+	git send-email --from="$1 <$2>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--suppress-cc=self \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		suppress-self-$3.patch &&
+
+	mv msgtxt1 msgtxt1-$3 &&
+	sed -e '/^$/q' msgtxt1-$3 >"msghdr1-$3" &&
+	>"expected-no-cc-$3" &&
+
+	(grep '^Cc:' msghdr1-$3 >"actual-no-cc-$3";
+	 test_cmp expected-no-cc-$3 actual-no-cc-$3)
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_unquoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "unquoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self unquoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		unquoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--$1 <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_quoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "quoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self quoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		quoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--"$1" <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Cc: "$1" <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: "$1" <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted 'A U Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name with dot is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'A U. Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_dot_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Füñný Nâmé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sanitized self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted '\"A U. Thor\"' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_sanitized_suppressed'
+"
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -787,7 +862,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
 	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm does not loop forever' '
 	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
@@ -881,6 +956,20 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 author is correctly passed on' '
 	grep "^From: Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 sender is not duplicated' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_sender &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: " msgtxt1 >msgfrom &&
+	test_line_count = 1 msgfrom
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.composeencoding works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
@@ -1003,55 +1092,6 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'threading but no chain-reply-to' '
 	grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'warning with an implicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--chain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --no-chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--nochain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = false' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto false &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = true' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto true &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.to works' '
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.to "Somebody <somebody@ex.com>" &&
 	git send-email \
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index b7eed2489f..6dafe7e99a 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -54,14 +54,6 @@ text_no_props () {
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success PIPE 'empty dump' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2" >input &&
diff --git a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
index 4f2dfe0e3d..4d81ba1c2c 100755
--- a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
+++ b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
@@ -12,15 +12,19 @@ then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-# We override svnrdump by placing a symlink to the svnrdump-emulator in .
-export PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
-ln -sf $GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py "$HOME/svnrdump"
+# Override svnrdump with our simulator
+PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
+export PATH PYTHON_PATH GIT_BUILD_DIR
+
+write_script "$HOME/svnrdump" <<\EOF
+exec "$PYTHON_PATH" "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py" "$@"
+EOF
 
 init_git () {
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	#git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9020/example.svnrdump
-	# let's reuse an exisiting dump file!?
+	# let's reuse an existing dump file!?
 	git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
 	git remote add svnfile testsvn::file://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
 }
@@ -32,8 +36,8 @@ fi
 
 test_debug '
 	git --version
-	which git
-	which svnrdump
+	type git
+	type svnrdump
 '
 
 test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'simple fetch' '
@@ -70,7 +74,8 @@ test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'mark-file regeneration' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'incremental imports must lead to the same head' '
-	export SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	export SVNRMAX &&
 	init_git &&
 	git fetch svnsim &&
 	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index 749b75e8d4..4fea8d901b 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -306,5 +306,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git-svn works in a bare repository' '
 	git svn fetch ) &&
 	rm -rf bare-repo
 	'
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in in a repository with a gitdir: link' '
+	mkdir worktree gitdir &&
+	( cd worktree &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git init --separate-git-dir ../gitdir &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf worktree gitdir
+	'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
index a61d6716d2..9861c719f8 100755
--- a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with missing md5sums'
 # Loading a node from a svn dumpfile without a Text-Content-Length
 # field causes svn to neglect to store or report an md5sum.  (it will
 # calculate one if you had put Text-Content-Length: 0).  This showed
-# up in a repository creted with cvs2svn.
+# up in a repository created with cvs2svn.
 
 cat > dumpfile.svn <<EOF
 SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 1
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
index 3077851015..f524d2f383 100755
--- a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
 test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b svn remotes/trunk &&
 	git checkout -b merge &&
 	echo new file > new_file &&
 	git add new_file &&
diff --git a/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a90ff58629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Walmsley - based on t9134 by Vitaly Shukela
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www xxx &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		echo test_xxx > xxx/test_xxx.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd add xxx &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with filter to include qqq directory' '
+	git svn clone --include-paths="qqq" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with included qqq directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --include-paths="qqq" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify include-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.include-paths | fgrep "qqq"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of included qqq' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
index 6ef0c0bde3..1eab7015c7 100755
--- a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
+++ b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ test_expect_success 'check reintegration mergeinfo' '
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb1:2-4,7-9,13-18
 /branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
-/branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
 /branches/svnb5:6,11"
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..53def876ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Tobias Schulte
+#
+
+test_description='git svn branch for subproject clones'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir -p trunk/project branches tags &&
+		(
+			cd trunk/project &&
+			echo foo > foo
+		) &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk/project trunk/project &&
+	(
+		cd trunk/project &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --trunk=trunk/project --branches=branches/*/project \
+		--tags=tags/*/project "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch --parents a &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	git svn branch --parents -t tag1 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	git svn branch --parents --tag tag2 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag3 &&
+	git svn tag --parents tag3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
index 69934b2e77..3fb3368903 100755
--- a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
 export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
 
 rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
-mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+
 cvs init &&
+test -d "$CVSROOT" &&
 cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
 echo >empty &&
 git add empty &&
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 2fcf269469..88fc407ed6 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -49,14 +49,6 @@ echo "$@"'
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
@@ -1039,6 +1031,32 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+rename root
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/M2^0
+R "" sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
+:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 R100	file4	sub/file4
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
+:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
+:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename root to subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M4^ M4 >actual &&
+	 cat actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
 ###
 ### series N
 ###
@@ -1236,6 +1254,29 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy root by path' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 C100	file4	oldroot/file4
+	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N-copy-root-path
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy root directory by (empty) path
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C "" oldroot
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r branch N-copy-root-path >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'N: delete directory by copying' \
 	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -2823,14 +2864,14 @@ test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after sha1 dataref must fail' '
 '
 
 #
-# notemodify, mark in committish
+# notemodify, mark in commit-ish
 #
-test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark committish must fail' '
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark commit-ish must fail' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
 	commit refs/heads/Snotes
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
-	commit S note committish
+	commit S note commit-ish
 	COMMIT
 	N :202 :302x
 	EOF
@@ -2942,4 +2983,20 @@ test_expect_success 'S: ls with garbage after sha1 must fail' '
 	test_i18ngrep "space after tree-ish" err
 '
 
+###
+### series T (ls)
+###
+# Setup is carried over from series S.
+
+test_expect_success 'T: ls root tree' '
+	sed -e "s/Z\$//" >expect <<-EOF &&
+	040000 tree $(git rev-parse S^{tree})	Z
+	EOF
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify S) &&
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF >actual &&
+	ls $sha1 ""
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 3e821f958b..34c2d8f49a 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ test_expect_success 'signed-tags=strip' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=warn-strip' '
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=warn-strip sign-your-name >output 2>err &&
+	! grep PGP output &&
+	test -s err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
@@ -303,7 +309,7 @@ test_expect_success 'dropping tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rewriting tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'no exact-ref revisions included' '
 	(
 		cd limit-by-paths &&
 		git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
-		test_cmp output expected
+		test_cmp expected output
 	)
 '
 
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tree_tag-obj'    'git fast-export tree_tag-obj'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag'     'git fast-export tag-obj_tag'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag-obj' 'git fast-export tag-obj_tag-obj'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 	git init dirtosymlink &&
 	git init result &&
 	(
@@ -402,8 +408,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 		git add foo/world bar/world &&
 		git commit -q -mone &&
 		git rm -r foo &&
-		ln -s bar foo &&
-		git add foo &&
+		test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 		git commit -q -mtwo
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -440,4 +445,63 @@ test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test bidirectionality' '
+	>marks-cur &&
+	>marks-new &&
+	git init marks-test &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur --branches | \
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-import --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new &&
+	(cd marks-test &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git commit -a -m "back in time") &&
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-export --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new --branches | \
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :13
+data 5
+bump
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :14
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+data 5
+bump
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 file
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid uninteresting refs' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git branch uninteresting &&
+	echo bump > file &&
+	git commit -a -m bump &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks ^uninteresting ^v1.0 master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from :14
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 9502f2438a..043138631b 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git config push.default matching &&
   echo >empty &&
   git add empty &&
   git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index 1c5bc84fa7..8c3db76301 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config push.default matching &&
     echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
     echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
     mkdir subdir &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..db69af2cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver and git refspecs
+
+tests ability for git-cvsserver to switch between and compare
+tags, branches and other git refspecs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#########
+
+check_start_tree() {
+	rm -f "$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	echo "start $1" >>"${WORKDIR}/check.log"
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	sandbox="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	ver="$3"
+	GIT_DIR=$SERVERDIR git show "${ver}:${file}" \
+		>"$WORKDIR/check.got" 2>"$WORKDIR/check.stderr"
+	test_cmp "$WORKDIR/check.got" "$sandbox/$file"
+	stat=$?
+	echo "check_file $sandbox $file $ver : $stat" >>"$WORKDIR/check.log"
+	echo "$file" >>"$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	return $stat
+}
+
+check_end_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print >"$WORKDIR/list.actual" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.actual" | sed -e "s%cvswork/%%" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm expected actual
+}
+
+check_end_full_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print |
+	sed -e "s%$sandbox/%%" | sort >act1 &&
+	test_cmp expected act1 &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r "$2" | sort >act2 &&
+	test_cmp expected act2 &&
+	rm expected act1 act2
+}
+
+#########
+
+check_diff() {
+	diffFile="$1"
+	vOld="$2"
+	vNew="$3"
+	rm -rf diffSandbox
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout "$vOld" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"../$diffFile" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$vNew"
+	) >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+}
+
+#########
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+	test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup v1, b1' '
+	echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+	echo "t2" >t2 &&
+	mkdir adir &&
+	echo "adir/afile line1" >adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line2" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line3" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line4" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/a2file" >>adir/a2file &&
+	mkdir adir/bdir &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 1" >adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 2" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/b2file" >adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	git add textfile.c t2 adir &&
+	git commit -q -m "First Commit (v1)" &&
+	git tag v1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co v1' '
+	cvs -f -Q co -r v1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1 [cvswork3]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork3 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit cvswork3 and save diff' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		sed -e "s/line1/line1 - data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+		echo "afile5" >adir/afile5 &&
+		rm t2 &&
+		cvs -f add adir/afile5 &&
+		cvs -f rm t2 &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup v1.2 on b1' '
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo "new v1.2" >t3 &&
+	rm t2 &&
+	sed -e "s/line3/line3 - more data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+	mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+	rm adir/a2file &&
+	echo "a3file" >>adir/a3file &&
+	echo "bfile line 3" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	echo "b3file" >adir/bdir/b3file &&
+	mkdir cdir &&
+	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
+	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
+	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git tag v1.2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs -f up (on b1 adir)' '
+	( cd cvswork/adir && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# Make sure "CVS/Tag" files didn't get messed up:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /) (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# update to another version:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r v1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r v1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple b2' '
+	git branch b2 v1 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b2 [into cvswork2]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b2 -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir edit [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 && echo "Line 2" >>textfile.c &&
+		! cvs -f diff -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "edit textfile.c" textfile.c
+	) >cvsEdit1.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir rm file [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		cvs -f rm -f t2 &&
+		cvs -f diff -u >../cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "rm t2"
+	) >cvsEdit2.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir edit/add/rm files [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		sed -e "s/line 1/line 1 (v2)/" adir/bdir/bfile >adir/bdir/bfileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/bdir/bfileNEW adir/bdir/bfile &&
+		rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+		cd adir &&
+		cvs -f rm bdir/b2file &&
+		echo "4th file" >bdir/b4file &&
+		cvs -f add bdir/b4file &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+		(
+		  cd .. &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff" &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 -r v1 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff"
+		) &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "various add/rm/edit"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate result of edits [cvswork2]' '
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	git tag v2 b2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate basic diffs saved during above cvswork2 edits' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit1.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit2-N.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3.diff | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	rm -rf diffSandbox &&
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --directory=adir --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code v2
+	) >"check_diff_apply.out" 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff v1.2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 v1 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff v1.2 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up [cvswork2]' '
+	( cd cvswork2 && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b2 [back to cvswork]' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -A' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -A ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+# This is not really legal CVS, but it seems to work anyway:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads/b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads/b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+# But this should work even if CVS client checks -r more carefully:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads_-s-b2 (cvsserver escape mechanism)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads_-s-b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+v1hash=$(git rev-parse v1)
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r $(git rev-parse v1)' '
+	test -n "$v1hash" &&
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r "$v1hash" ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -r v1 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f diff -r v1 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsDiff.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1.2 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply early [cvswork3] diff to b3' '
+	git clone -q . gitwork3 &&
+	(
+		cd gitwork3 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff" &&
+		git commit -m "cvswork3 edits applied"
+	) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3 b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check [cvswork3] diff' '
+	( cd cvswork3 && ! cvs -f diff -N -u ) >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out" 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_cmp cvsDiff.out cvswork3edit.diff &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v1 v3 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early [cvswork3] b3 with b1' '
+	( cd gitwork3 && git merge "message" HEAD b1 ) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3merged b3 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b3:b3
+'
+
+# This test would fail if cvsserver properly created a ".#afile"* file
+# for the merge.
+# TODO: Validate that the .# file was saved properly, and then
+#   delete/ignore it when checking the tree.
+test_expect_success 'cvs up dirty [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f up &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged
+'
+
+# TODO: test cvs status
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs commit [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "dirty sandbox after auto-merge"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged &&
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b3:b4 &&
+	git tag v4.1 b4 &&
+	git diff --exit-code v4.1 v3merged >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 90bb6050c1..6fca19353d 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git commit -a -m "File renamed." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'commitdiff(0): file to symlink' \
 	'rm renamed_file &&
-	 ln -s file renamed_file &&
+	 test_ln_s_add file renamed_file &&
 	 git commit -a -m "File to symlink." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
@@ -212,15 +212,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # commitdiff testing (taken from t4114-apply-typechange.sh)
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup typechange commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup typechange commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	rm -f foo &&
@@ -361,11 +360,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 echo "Changed" >> 04-rename-to &&
 	 test_chmod +x 05-mode-change &&
 	 rm -f 06-file-or-symlink &&
-	 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s 01-change 06-file-or-symlink
-	 else
-		printf %s 01-change > 06-file-or-symlink
-	 fi &&
+	 test_ln_s_add 01-change 06-file-or-symlink &&
 	 echo "Changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
 	 test_chmod +x 07-change-mode-change &&
 	 git commit -a -m "Large commit" &&
@@ -539,8 +534,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 test_when_finished "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"C O Mitter\"" &&
 	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
 	 git add file &&
-	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
-	 test_when_finished "git config --unset i18n.commitencoding" &&
+	 test_config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
 
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index ef86948d21..d3a5bac754 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed last-modified' '
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -138,7 +139,8 @@ test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -153,7 +155,8 @@ test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot last-modified' '
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -161,7 +164,8 @@ test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modif
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -170,7 +174,8 @@ test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: tree snapshot' '
 	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^{tree}` &&
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
index 3a8e7d3f5a..86dfee2e4f 100755
--- a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ check_snapshot () {
 	echo "basename=$basename"
 	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
-	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+	! grep -v -e "^$prefix$" -e "^$prefix/" -e "^pax_global_header$" file_list
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 0d4e366232..1140767b50 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ is($r->get_color("color.test.slot1", "red"), $ansi_green, "get_color");
 # Failure cases for config:
 # Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
 # "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
-open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR";
+open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null" or die "cannot redirect STDERR to /dev/null";
 is($r->config("test.dupstring"), "value2", "config: multivar");
 eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
 ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
index 8c5979647f..665607c9cb 100755
--- a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ test_expect_success 'basic git p4 clone' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'depot typo error' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" /depot 2>errs &&
+	grep "Depot paths must start with" errs
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git p4 clone @all' '
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -160,9 +165,12 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --bare should make a bare repository' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test ! -d .git &&
-		bare=`git config --get core.bare` &&
-		test "$bare" = true
+		test_path_is_missing .git &&
+		git config --get --bool core.bare true &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index 9730821c30..2bf142d09c 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -469,9 +469,11 @@ test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches setup' '
 		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/...
 		EOF
 
-		echo b3/b3-file3 >b3/b3-file3 &&
-		p4 add b3/b3-file3 &&
-		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3"
+		echo b3/b3-file3_1 >b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		echo b3/b3-file3_2 >b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3_1 b3/b3-file3_2"
 	)
 '
 
@@ -487,6 +489,21 @@ test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips files in branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/b3-file3_1 //client/b3/b3-file3_1" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b3 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b3-file3_2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b3-file3_1
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
index 21924dfd7d..a82744bab0 100755
--- a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
+++ b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,123 @@ test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
 	start_p4d
 '
 
+#
+# This series of tests checks newline handling  Both p4 and
+# git store newlines as \n, and have options to choose how
+# newlines appear in checked-out files.
+#
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, unix' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "unix\ncrlf\n" >f-unix &&
+		printf "unix\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-unix &&
+		p4 submit -d f-unix &&
+
+		# LineEnd: unix; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-unix f-unix-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appended newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-unix | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-unix-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to win, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-as-crlf f-unix
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, win' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "win\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-win &&
+		printf "win\ncrlf\n" >f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-win &&
+		p4 submit -d f-win &&
+
+		# LineEnd: win; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-win f-win-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-orig f-win &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-win | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-win-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to unix, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure blobs store only lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+
+		# verify the files in .git are stored only with newlines
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-unix | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-unix-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix-blob &&
+
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-win | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-win-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win-blob &&
+
+		rm f-unix-blob f-win-blob
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=lf produces lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=lf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=crlf produces crlf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-as-crlf f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-orig f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'crlf cleanup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm f-unix-orig f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		rm f-win-orig f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -105,12 +222,13 @@ build_gendouble() {
 	cat >gendouble.py <<-\EOF
 	import sys
 	import struct
-	import array
 
-	s = array.array("c", '\0' * 26)
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  0, 0x00051607)  # AppleDouble
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  4, 0x00020000)  # version 2
-	s.tofile(sys.stdout)
+	s = struct.pack(">LL18s",
+			0x00051607,  # AppleDouble
+			0x00020000,  # version 2
+			""           # pad to 26 bytes
+	)
+	sys.stdout.write(s)
 	EOF
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
index fa40cc8bb5..254d428b73 100755
--- a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
+++ b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
@@ -27,14 +27,102 @@ test_expect_success 'clone no --git-dir' '
 	test_must_fail git p4 clone --git-dir=xx //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone --branch' '
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch should checkout master' '
 	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git ls-files >files &&
-		test_line_count = 0 files &&
-		test_path_is_file .git/refs/remotes/p4/sb
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse refs/heads/master >master &&
+		test_cmp sb master &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >head &&
+		test_cmp sb head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync when no master branch prints a nice error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot@2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>err &&
+		grep "Error: no branch refs/remotes/p4/master" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch builds the full ref name correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b1 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=p4/b2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=h1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h1 &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=p4/h2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/stuff //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/stuff
+	)
+'
+
+# engages --detect-branches code, which will do filename filtering so
+# no sync to either b1 or b2
+test_expect_success 'sync when two branches but no master should noop' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch updates specific branch, no detection' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "change 3" show
+	)
+'
+
+# allows using the refname "p4" as a short name for p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master >master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp master p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp sb p4
 	)
 '
 
@@ -126,37 +214,58 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --use-client-spec' '
 		exec >/dev/null &&
 		test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
 	) &&
-	cli2=$(test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2") &&
+	# build a different client
+	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
 	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
 	test_when_finished "rmdir \"$cli2\"" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
-		cd "$cli2" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client2
-		Description: client2
-		Root: $cli2
-		View: //depot/sub/... //client2/bus/...
-		EOF
-	) &&
-	P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		# group P4CLIENT and cli changes in a sub-shell
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/sub/... //client2/bus/..." &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		) &&
+		cleanup_git &&
+		# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git init &&
+			git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+			git p4 sync //depot/... &&
+			git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit works with no p4/master' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
-	) &&
-	cleanup_git &&
+		test_commit submit-1-branch &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --branch=b1
+	)
+'
 
-	# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+# The sync/rebase part post-submit will engage detect-branches
+# machinery which will not do anything in this particular test.
+test_expect_success 'submit works with two branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git init &&
-		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
-		git p4 sync //depot/... &&
-		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@1,3 &&
+		test_commit submit-2-branches &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
index 0ae048f29f..1fb7bc7cf9 100755
--- a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
+++ b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'is_cli_file_writeable function' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		is_cli_file_writeable a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file1 &&
+		rm a
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submit copy' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file file5.ta &&
-		test ! -w file5.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file5.ta
 	)
 '
 
@@ -219,7 +229,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submit rename' '
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing file6.t &&
 		test_path_is_file file6.ta &&
-		test ! -w file6.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file6.ta
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
index dc92e60cd6..11d2b5102c 100755
--- a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
+++ b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
@@ -42,6 +42,47 @@ test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and relative dir clone' '
 	)
 '
 
+# Common setup using .p4config to set P4CLIENT and P4PORT breaks
+# if clone destination is relative.  Make sure that chdir() expands
+# the relative path in --dest to absolute.
+test_expect_success 'p4 client root would be relative due to clone --dest' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		echo P4PORT=$P4PORT >git/.p4config &&
+		P4CONFIG=.p4config &&
+		export P4CONFIG &&
+		unset P4PORT &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# When the p4 client Root is a symlink, make sure chdir() does not use
+# getcwd() to convert it to a physical path.
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'p4 client root symlink should stay symbolic' '
+	physical="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/physical" &&
+	symbolic="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$physical\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm \"$symbolic\"" &&
+	mkdir -p "$physical" &&
+	ln -s "$physical" "$symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CLIENT=client-sym &&
+		p4 client -i <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $symbolic
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View: //depot/... //$P4CLIENT/...
+		EOF
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
index 281be29174..77f63492d9 100755
--- a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
+++ b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ test_expect_success 'exclusion single file' '
 
 test_expect_success 'overlay wildcard' '
 	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
-		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/...\n" &&
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/..." &&
 	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21 cli/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit copy' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file11a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file11a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit rename' '
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing dir1/file13 &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file13a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file13a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -365,7 +365,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, client-spec case' '
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo git-wild-hash >dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo git-wild-at >dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		echo git-wild-percent >dir1/git-wild%percent &&
 		git add dir1/git-wild* &&
@@ -376,7 +379,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, client-spec case' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild%percent
 	) &&
diff --git a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
index 0c2fc3ea1a..34fbc90005 100755
--- a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
+++ b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 		line7
 		line8
 		EOF
-		cp filek fileko &&
-		sed -i "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" fileko
-		cp fileko file_text &&
-		sed -i "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" file_text
+		sed "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" <filek >fileko &&
+		sed "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" <fileko >file_text &&
 		p4 add -t text+k filek &&
 		p4 submit -d "filek" &&
 		p4 add -t text+ko fileko &&
@@ -88,7 +86,8 @@ test_expect_success 'edit far away from RCS lines' '
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line7/line7 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line7/line7 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line7 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ test_expect_success 'edit near RCS lines' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line4 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ test_expect_success 'edit keyword lines' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "/Revision/d" filek &&
+		sed "/Revision/d" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek remove Revision line" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -139,7 +140,8 @@ test_expect_success 'scrub ko files differently' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" fileko &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <fileko >fileko.tmp &&
+		mv -f fileko.tmp fileko &&
 		git commit -m "fileko line4 edit" fileko &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_ko_check fileko &&
@@ -189,12 +191,14 @@ test_expect_success 'do not scrub plain text' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" file_text &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+		mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 		git commit -m "file_text line4 edit" file_text &&
 		(
 			cd "$cli" &&
 			p4 open file_text &&
-			sed -i "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" file_text &&
+			sed "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+			mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 			p4 submit -d "file5 p4 edit"
 		) &&
 		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
diff --git a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
index 143d413057..67633257f3 100755
--- a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
+++ b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
 		printf "file2\nhas\nsome\nrandom\ntext\n" >file2 &&
 		p4 add file2 &&
 		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
-		echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
 		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
 		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
@@ -28,7 +31,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files git p4 clone' '
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test -f file-wild#hash &&
-		test -f file-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test -f file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test -f file-wild@at &&
 		test -f file-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -40,7 +46,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
 		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
 		git add git-wild* &&
@@ -51,7 +60,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -63,7 +75,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo new-line >>git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
 		git add git-wild* &&
@@ -74,7 +89,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -87,7 +105,7 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, copy' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
 		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
-		cp git-wild\*star file-wild-3 &&
+		cp git-wild#hash file-wild-3 &&
 		git add file-wild-3 &&
 		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
 		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
@@ -134,7 +152,10 @@ test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, delete' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
index d2b7b3d98d..1243d96092 100755
--- a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
+++ b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
@@ -405,8 +405,8 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup chmod after submit cancel' '
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		chmod u+x text &&
-		chmod u-x text+x &&
+		test_chmod +x text &&
+		test_chmod -x text+x &&
 		git add text text+x &&
 		git commit -m "chmod texts" &&
 		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
@@ -415,10 +415,13 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup chmod after submit cancel' '
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file text &&
 		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
-		stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
 		test_path_is_file text+x &&
 		! p4 fstat -T action text+x &&
-		stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
+			stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		fi
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9902-completion.sh b/t/t9902-completion.sh
index 3cd53f87fb..2d4beb5e50 100755
--- a/t/t9902-completion.sh
+++ b/t/t9902-completion.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,25 @@ complete ()
 	return 0
 }
 
+# Be careful when updating this list:
+#
+# (1) The build tree may have build artifact from different branch, or
+#     the user's $PATH may have a random executable that may begin
+#     with "git-check" that are not part of the subcommands this build
+#     will ship, e.g.  "check-ignore".  The tests for completion for
+#     subcommand names tests how "check" is expanded; we limit the
+#     possible candidates to "checkout" and "check-attr" to make sure
+#     "check-attr", which is known by the filter function as a
+#     subcommand to be thrown out, while excluding other random files
+#     that happen to begin with "check" to avoid letting them get in
+#     the way.
+#
+# (2) A test makes sure that common subcommands are included in the
+#     completion for "git <TAB>", and a plumbing is excluded.  "add",
+#     "filter-branch" and "ls-files" are listed for this.
+
+GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION='add checkout check-attr filter-branch ls-files'
+
 . "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash"
 
 # We don't need this function to actually join words or do anything special.
@@ -50,6 +69,7 @@ run_completion ()
 	local -a COMPREPLY _words
 	local _cword
 	_words=( $1 )
+	test "${1: -1}" = ' ' && _words[${#_words[@]}+1]=''
 	(( _cword = ${#_words[@]} - 1 ))
 	__git_wrap__git_main && print_comp
 }
@@ -85,6 +105,157 @@ test_gitcomp ()
 	test_cmp expected out
 }
 
+# Test __gitcomp_nl
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: current word (cur)
+# -: the rest are passed to __gitcomp_nl
+test_gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp_nl "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+invalid_variable_name='${foo.bar}'
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for __gitdir tests' '
+	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
+	git init otherrepo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - repo as argument' '
+	echo "otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "otherrepo" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - remote as argument' '
+	echo "remote" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "remote" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo ".git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
+	echo "." >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '__gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
+	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+	(
+		cd link &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - not a git repository' '
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - options' '
 	test_gitcomp "--re" "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
 		--reset-author" <<-EOF
@@ -128,8 +299,51 @@ test_expect_success '__gitcomp - suffix' '
 	EOF
 '
 
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+read -r -d "" refs <<-\EOF
+maint
+master
+next
+pu
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - trailing space' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "m" "$refs" <<-EOF
+	maint Z
+	master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "--fixup=m" "$refs" "--fixup=" "m" <<-EOF
+	--fixup=maint Z
+	--fixup=master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "branch.ma" "$refs" "branch." "ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.Z
+	branch.master.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - no suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "ma" "$refs" "" "ma" "" <<-\EOF
+	maintZ
+	masterZ
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp_nl "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'basic' '
-	run_completion "git \"\"" &&
+	run_completion "git " &&
 	# built-in
 	grep -q "^add \$" out &&
 	# script
@@ -151,6 +365,7 @@ test_expect_success 'double dash "git" itself' '
 	--exec-path Z
 	--exec-path=
 	--html-path Z
+	--man-path Z
 	--info-path Z
 	--work-tree=
 	--namespace=
@@ -196,7 +411,6 @@ test_expect_success 'general options plus command' '
 	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --git-dir=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --bare check" "checkout " &&
-	test_completion "git --help des" "describe " &&
 	test_completion "git --exec-path=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --html-path check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --no-pager check" "checkout " &&
@@ -207,6 +421,11 @@ test_expect_success 'general options plus command' '
 	test_completion "git --no-replace-objects check" "checkout "
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git --help completion' '
+	test_completion "git --help ad" "add " &&
+	test_completion "git --help core" "core-tutorial "
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup for ref completion' '
 	echo content >file1 &&
 	echo more >file2 &&
@@ -248,7 +467,7 @@ test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with spaces' '
 	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
 	echo content >"name with \${meta}" &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m meta &&
@@ -263,4 +482,81 @@ test_expect_success 'send-email' '
 	test_completion "git send-email ma" "master "
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'complete files' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	echo "expected" > .gitignore &&
+	echo "out" >> .gitignore &&
+
+	git add .gitignore &&
+	test_completion "git commit " ".gitignore" &&
+
+	git commit -m ignore &&
+
+	touch new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "new" &&
+
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "" &&
+
+	git mv new modified &&
+	echo modify > modified &&
+	test_completion "git add " "modified" &&
+
+	touch untracked &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git rm " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git clean " "untracked" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	mkdir dir &&
+	touch dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git add dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git commit -m dir &&
+
+	mkdir untracked-dir &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv modified " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	untracked
+	untracked-dir
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git commit " "modified" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git ls-files " <<-\EOF
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	touch momified &&
+	test_completion "git add mom" "momified"
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'complete with tilde expansion' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	touch ~/tmp/file &&
+
+	test_completion "git add ~/tmp/" "~/tmp/file"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
index f17c1f8b85..59f875e830 100755
--- a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
+++ b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
@@ -10,446 +10,581 @@ test_description='test git-specific bash prompt functions'
 . "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh"
 
 actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+c_red='\\[\\e[31m\\]'
+c_green='\\[\\e[32m\\]'
+c_lblue='\\[\\e[1;34m\\]'
+c_clear='\\[\\e[0m\\]'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for prompt tests' '
-	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
 	git init otherrepo &&
-	echo 1 > file &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag -a -m msg1 t1 &&
 	git checkout -b b1 &&
-	echo 2 > file &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
 	git commit -m "second b1" file &&
-	echo 3 > file &&
+	echo 3 >file &&
 	git commit -m "third b1" file &&
 	git tag -a -m msg2 t2 &&
 	git checkout -b b2 master &&
-	echo 0 > file &&
+	echo 0 >file &&
 	git commit -m "second b2" file &&
+	echo 00 >file &&
+	git commit -m "another b2" file &&
+	echo 000 >file &&
+	git commit -m "yet another b2" file &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - repo as argument' '
-	echo "otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	__gitdir "otherrepo" > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - remote as argument' '
-	echo "remote" > expected &&
-	__gitdir "remote" > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
-	echo ".git" > expected &&
-	__gitdir > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
-	echo "." > expected &&
-	(
-		cd .git &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		cd .git/refs/heads &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
+test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prompt - branch name - symlink symref' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_config core.preferSymlinkRefs true &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		cd subdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
+test_expect_success 'prompt - unborn branch' '
+	printf " (unborn)" >expected &&
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail __gitdir
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
-	(
-		cd subdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
+repo_with_newline='repo
+with
+newline'
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
+if mkdir "$repo_with_newline" 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
+else
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow newlines in filenames.'
+fi
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
-	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES 'prompt - with newline in path' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	git init "$repo_with_newline" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$repo_with_newline\"" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_with_newline"/subdir &&
 	(
-		cd link &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
+		cd "$repo_with_newline/subdir" &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - not a git repository' '
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
-		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
-		test_must_fail __gitdir
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'prompt - detached head' '
-	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" --abbrev=13 b1^) >expected &&
+	test_config core.abbrev 13 &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - contains' '
-	printf " ((t2~1))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((t2~1))" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=contains &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - branch' '
-	printf " ((b1~1))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((b1~1))" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - describe' '
-	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=describe &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - default' '
-	printf " ((t2))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((t2))" >expected &&
 	git checkout --detach b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - deep inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		cd .git/refs/heads &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - inside bare repository' '
-	printf " (BARE:master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (BARE:master)" >expected &&
 	git init --bare bare.git &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
 	(
 		cd bare.git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - interactive rebase' '
-	printf " (b1|REBASE-i)" > expected
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
-	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
-echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" > "$1"
-EOF
+	printf " (b1|REBASE-i 2/3)" >expected
+	write_script fake_editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "exec echo" >"$1"
+		echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" >>"$1"
+		echo "exec echo" >>"$1"
+	EOF
 	test_when_finished "rm -f fake_editor.sh" &&
-	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake_editor.sh" &&
 	git checkout b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort"
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase merge' '
-	printf " (b2|REBASE-m)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b2|REBASE-m 1/3)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --merge b1 b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase' '
-	printf " ((t2)|REBASE)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b2|REBASE 1/3)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase b1 b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - merge' '
-	printf " (b1|MERGING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b1|MERGING)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - cherry-pick' '
-	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" >expected &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - bisect' '
-	printf " (master|BISECTING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master|BISECTING)" >expected &&
 	git bisect start &&
 	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - clean' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
-	printf " (master *)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
-	printf " (master +)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (master +)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	git add -u &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
-	printf " (master *+)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty index" > file &&
+	printf " (master *+)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	git add -u &&
-	echo "dirty worktree" > file &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
-	printf " (master #)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master #)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
 		cd otherrepo &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - disabled by config' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - no stash' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - stash' '
-	printf " (master $)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master $)" >expected &&
 	echo 2 >file &&
 	git stash &&
 	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	echo 2 >file &&
 	git stash &&
 	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - no untracked files' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
 		cd otherrepo &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files' '
-	printf " (master %%)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - format string starting with dash' '
-	printf -- "-master" > expected &&
-	__git_ps1 "-%s" > "$actual" &&
+	printf -- "-master" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 "-%s" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (master):AFTER" >expected &&
+	printf "" >expected_output &&
+	(
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected_output "$actual" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - branch name' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - detached head' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_red}(%s...)${c_clear}):AFTER" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_green}#${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - inside .git directory' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}GIT_DIR!${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - stash status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_lblue}\$${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - untracked files status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}%%${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - zsh color pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (%%F{green}master%%f):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		ZSH_VERSION=5.0.0 &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 22a4f8fb64..a7e9aacbb2 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ q_to_tab () {
 	tr Q '\011'
 }
 
+qz_to_tab_space () {
+	tr QZ '\011\040'
+}
+
 append_cr () {
 	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
 }
@@ -135,12 +139,12 @@ test_pause () {
 	fi
 }
 
-# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]"
 #
 # This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
-# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
+# message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
 #
-# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
+# <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
 
 test_commit () {
 	notick= &&
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ test_commit () {
 		test_tick
 	fi &&
 	git commit $signoff -m "$1" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+	git tag "${4:-$1}"
 }
 
 # Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
@@ -339,6 +343,7 @@ test_declared_prereq () {
 }
 
 test_expect_failure () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
@@ -353,10 +358,11 @@ test_expect_failure () {
 			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 test_expect_success () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ test_expect_success () {
 			test_failure_ "$@"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
@@ -536,6 +542,9 @@ test_must_fail () {
 	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
 		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code = 126; then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
@@ -602,6 +611,25 @@ test_cmp() {
 	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
 }
 
+# Check if the file expected to be empty is indeed empty, and barfs
+# otherwise.
+
+test_must_be_empty () {
+	if test -s "$1"
+	then
+		echo "'$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		cat "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
 # Print a sequence of numbers or letters in increasing order.  This is
 # similar to GNU seq(1), but the latter might not be available
 # everywhere (and does not do letters).  It may be used like:
@@ -665,3 +693,20 @@ test_create_repo () {
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
 	) || exit
 }
+
+# This function helps on symlink challenged file systems when it is not
+# important that the file system entry is a symbolic link.
+# Use test_ln_s_add instead of "ln -s x y && git add y" to add a
+# symbolic link entry y to the index.
+
+test_ln_s_add () {
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
+		git update-index --add "$2"
+	else
+		printf '%s' "$1" >"$2" &&
+		ln_s_obj=$(git hash-object -w "$2") &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 120000 $ln_s_obj "$2"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index f50f8341d4..0fa7dfde7b 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ done,*)
 	# do not redirect again
 	;;
 *' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
-	mkdir -p test-results
-	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
+	mkdir -p "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	BASE="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"
 	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL_PATH} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
 	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
 	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
@@ -85,12 +85,14 @@ unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE COLUMNS $("$PERL_PATH" -e '
 		.*_TEST
 		PROVE
 		VALGRIND
-		PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER
+		UNZIP
+		PERF_
 	));
 	my @vars = grep(/^GIT_/ && !/^GIT_($ok)/o, @env);
 	print join("\n", @vars);
 ')
 unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+unset GITPERLLIB
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ fi
 unset CDPATH
 
 unset GREP_OPTIONS
+unset UNZIP
 
 case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
 1|2|true)
@@ -182,6 +185,9 @@ do
 		help=t; shift ;;
 	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
 		verbose=t; shift ;;
+	--verbose-only=*)
+		verbose_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
 		# Ignore --quiet under a TAP::Harness. Saying how many tests
 		# passed without the ok/not ok details is always an error.
@@ -191,17 +197,45 @@ do
 	--no-color)
 		color=; shift ;;
 	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
-		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+		valgrind=memcheck
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind=*)
+		valgrind=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only=*)
+		valgrind_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-parallel=*)
+		valgrind_parallel=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only-stride=*)
+		valgrind_only_stride=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only-offset=*)
+		valgrind_only_offset=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	--tee)
 		shift ;; # was handled already
 	--root=*)
 		root=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 		shift ;;
+	--statusprefix=*)
+		statusprefix=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	*)
 		echo "error: unknown test option '$1'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
 done
 
+if test -n "$valgrind_only" || test -n "$valgrind_only_stride"
+then
+	test -z "$valgrind" && valgrind=memcheck
+	test -z "$verbose" && verbose_only="$valgrind_only"
+elif test -n "$valgrind"
+then
+	verbose=t
+fi
+
 if test -n "$color"
 then
 	say_color () {
@@ -212,11 +246,13 @@ then
 		error)
 			tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
 		skip)
-			tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
+			tput setaf 4;; # blue
+		warn)
+			tput setaf 3;; # brown/yellow
 		pass)
-			tput setaf 2;;            # green
+			tput setaf 2;; # green
 		info)
-			tput setaf 3;;            # brown
+			tput setaf 6;; # cyan
 		*)
 			test -n "$quiet" && return;;
 		esac
@@ -293,12 +329,12 @@ trap 'die' EXIT
 
 test_ok_ () {
 	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@"
+	say_color "" "${statusprefix}ok $test_count - $@"
 }
 
 test_failure_ () {
 	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-	say_color error "not ok - $test_count $1"
+	say_color error "${statusprefix}not ok $test_count - $1"
 	shift
 	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
 	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
@@ -306,18 +342,83 @@ test_failure_ () {
 
 test_known_broken_ok_ () {
 	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color error "${statusprefix}ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage vanished"
 }
 
 test_known_broken_failure_ () {
 	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
-	say_color skip "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color warn "${statusprefix}not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
 }
 
 test_debug () {
 	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
 }
 
+match_pattern_list () {
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$*" && return 1
+	for pattern_
+	do
+		case "$arg" in
+		$pattern_)
+			return 0
+		esac
+	done
+	return 1
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+	verbose=
+}
+
+last_verbose=t
+maybe_setup_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $verbose_only ||
+		{ test -n "$valgrind_only_stride" &&
+		expr $test_count "%" $valgrind_only_stride - $valgrind_only_offset = 0 >/dev/null; }
+	then
+		exec 4>&2 3>&1
+		# Emit a delimiting blank line when going from
+		# non-verbose to verbose.  Within verbose mode the
+		# delimiter is printed by test_expect_*.  The choice
+		# of the initial $last_verbose is such that before
+		# test 1, we do not print it.
+		test -z "$last_verbose" && echo >&3 ""
+		verbose=t
+	else
+		exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+		verbose=
+	fi
+	last_verbose=$verbose
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+}
+
+maybe_setup_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	if test -z "$valgrind_only" && test -z "$valgrind_only_stride"
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+		return
+	fi
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $valgrind_only
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	elif test -n "$valgrind_only_stride" &&
+		expr $test_count "%" $valgrind_only_stride - $valgrind_only_offset = 0 >/dev/null
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	fi
+}
+
 test_eval_ () {
 	# This is a separate function because some tests use
 	# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early.
@@ -327,8 +428,10 @@ test_eval_ () {
 test_run_ () {
 	test_cleanup=:
 	expecting_failure=$2
+	setup_malloc_check
 	test_eval_ "$1"
 	eval_ret=$?
+	teardown_malloc_check
 
 	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
 	then
@@ -343,17 +446,24 @@ test_run_ () {
 	return "$eval_ret"
 }
 
-test_skip () {
+test_start_ () {
 	test_count=$(($test_count+1))
+	maybe_setup_verbose
+	maybe_setup_valgrind
+}
+
+test_finish_ () {
+	echo >&3 ""
+	maybe_teardown_valgrind
+	maybe_teardown_verbose
+}
+
+test_skip () {
 	to_skip=
-	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-	do
-		case $this_test.$test_count in
-		$skp)
-			to_skip=t
-			break
-		esac
-	done
+	if match_pattern_list $this_test.$test_count $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+	fi
 	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$test_prereq" &&
 	   ! test_have_prereq "$test_prereq"
 	then
@@ -367,8 +477,8 @@ test_skip () {
 			of_prereq=" of $test_prereq"
 		fi
 
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test: $@"
-		say_color skip "ok $test_count # skip $1 (missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq})"
+		say_color skip >&3 "${statusprefix}skipping test: $@"
+		say_color skip "${statusprefix}ok $test_count # skip $1 (missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq})"
 		: true
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -385,6 +495,8 @@ test_at_end_hook_ () {
 test_done () {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 
+	# Note: t0000 relies on $HARNESS_ACTIVE disabling the .counts
+	# output file
 	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
 	then
 		test_results_dir="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
@@ -404,13 +516,18 @@ test_done () {
 
 	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
 	then
-		say_color pass "# fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+		say_color error "${statusprefix}# $test_fixed known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)"
 	fi
 	if test "$test_broken" != 0
 	then
-		say_color error "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
-		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+		say_color warn "${statusprefix}# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0 || test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		test_remaining=$(( $test_count - $test_broken - $test_fixed ))
+		msg="remaining $test_remaining test(s)"
 	else
+		test_remaining=$test_count
 		msg="$test_count test(s)"
 	fi
 	case "$test_failure" in
@@ -424,11 +541,11 @@ test_done () {
 
 		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
 		then
-			if test $test_count -gt 0
+			if test $test_remaining -gt 0
 			then
-				say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+				say_color pass "${statusprefix}# passed all $msg"
 			fi
-			say "1..$test_count$skip_all"
+			say "${statusprefix}1..$test_count$skip_all"
 		fi
 
 		test -d "$remove_trash" &&
@@ -442,8 +559,8 @@ test_done () {
 	*)
 		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
 		then
-			say_color error "# failed $test_failure among $msg"
-			say "1..$test_count"
+			say_color error "${statusprefix}# failed $test_failure among $msg"
+			say "${statusprefix}1..$test_count"
 		fi
 
 		exit 1 ;;
@@ -451,6 +568,9 @@ test_done () {
 	esac
 }
 
+
+# Set up a directory that we can put in PATH which redirects all git
+# calls to 'valgrind git ...'.
 if test -n "$valgrind"
 then
 	make_symlink () {
@@ -498,29 +618,43 @@ then
 		make_symlink "$symlink_target" "$GIT_VALGRIND/bin/$base" || exit
 	}
 
-	# override all git executables in TEST_DIRECTORY/..
-	GIT_VALGRIND=$TEST_DIRECTORY/valgrind
-	mkdir -p "$GIT_VALGRIND"/bin
-	for file in $GIT_BUILD_DIR/git* $GIT_BUILD_DIR/test-*
-	do
-		make_valgrind_symlink $file
-	done
-	# special-case the mergetools loadables
-	make_symlink "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/mergetools "$GIT_VALGRIND/bin/mergetools"
-	OLDIFS=$IFS
-	IFS=:
-	for path in $PATH
-	do
-		ls "$path"/git-* 2> /dev/null |
-		while read file
+	# In the case of --valgrind-parallel, we only need to do the
+	# wrapping once, in the main script.  The worker children all
+	# have $valgrind_only_stride set, so we can skip based on that.
+	if test -z "$valgrind_only_stride"
+	then
+		# override all git executables in TEST_DIRECTORY/..
+		GIT_VALGRIND=$TEST_DIRECTORY/valgrind
+		mkdir -p "$GIT_VALGRIND"/bin
+		for file in $GIT_BUILD_DIR/git* $GIT_BUILD_DIR/test-*
 		do
-			make_valgrind_symlink "$file"
+			make_valgrind_symlink $file
 		done
-	done
-	IFS=$OLDIFS
+		# special-case the mergetools loadables
+		make_symlink "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/mergetools "$GIT_VALGRIND/bin/mergetools"
+		OLDIFS=$IFS
+		IFS=:
+		for path in $PATH
+		do
+			ls "$path"/git-* 2> /dev/null |
+			while read file
+			do
+				make_valgrind_symlink "$file"
+			done
+		done
+		IFS=$OLDIFS
+	fi
 	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
 	export GIT_VALGRIND
+	GIT_VALGRIND_MODE="$valgrind"
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_MODE
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	if test -n "$valgrind_only" || test -n "$valgrind_only_stride"
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	fi
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED
 elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"
 then
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
@@ -566,15 +700,6 @@ test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/templates/blt || {
 	error "You haven't built things yet, have you?"
 }
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && test -z "$NO_PYTHON"
-then
-	GITPYTHONLIB="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git_remote_helpers/build/lib"
-	export GITPYTHONLIB
-	test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git_remote_helpers/build || {
-		error "You haven't built git_remote_helpers yet, have you?"
-	}
-fi
-
 if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime
 then
 	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
@@ -583,14 +708,14 @@ then
 fi
 
 # Test repository
-test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
-test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
-case "$test" in
-/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
- *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && TRASH_DIRECTORY="$root/$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+case "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" in
+/*) ;; # absolute path is good
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$TRASH_DIRECTORY" ;;
 esac
 test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
-rm -fr "$test" || {
+rm -fr "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
 	exit 1
@@ -601,25 +726,57 @@ export HOME
 
 if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"
 then
-	test_create_repo "$test"
+	test_create_repo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 else
-	mkdir -p "$test"
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 fi
+
+# Gross hack to spawn N sub-instances of the tests in parallel, and
+# summarize the results.  Note that if this is enabled, the script
+# terminates at the end of this 'if' block.
+if test -n "$valgrind_parallel"
+then
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 $valgrind_parallel)
+	do
+		root="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/vgparallel-$i"
+		mkdir "$root"
+		TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY="$root" \
+			${SHELL_PATH} "$0" \
+			--root="$root" --statusprefix="[$i] " \
+			--valgrind="$valgrind" \
+			--valgrind-only-stride="$valgrind_parallel" \
+			--valgrind-only-offset="$i" &
+		pids="$pids $!"
+	done
+	trap "kill $pids" INT TERM HUP
+	wait $pids
+	trap - INT TERM HUP
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 $valgrind_parallel)
+	do
+		root="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/vgparallel-$i"
+		eval "$(cat "$root/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"-*.counts |
+			sed 's/^\([a-z][a-z]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/inner_\1=\2/')"
+		test_count=$(expr $test_count + $inner_total)
+		test_success=$(expr $test_success + $inner_success)
+		test_fixed=$(expr $test_fixed + $inner_fixed)
+		test_broken=$(expr $test_broken + $inner_broken)
+		test_failure=$(expr $test_failure + $inner_failed)
+	done
+	test_done
+fi
+
 # Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
 # in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
-cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+cd -P "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || exit 1
 
 this_test=${0##*/}
 this_test=${this_test%%-*}
-for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-do
-	case "$this_test" in
-	$skp)
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
-		skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
-		test_done
-	esac
-done
+if match_pattern_list "$this_test" $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+then
+	say_color info >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+	skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
+	test_done
+fi
 
 # Provide an implementation of the 'yes' utility
 yes () {
@@ -657,19 +814,24 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
 	test_set_prereq MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *CYGWIN*)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -715,6 +877,18 @@ test_i18ngrep () {
 	fi
 }
 
+test_lazy_prereq PIPE '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports FIFOs
+	case $(uname -s) in
+	CYGWIN*)
+		false
+		;;
+	*)
+		rm -f testfifo && mkfifo testfifo
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
 test_lazy_prereq SYMLINKS '
 	# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
 	ln -s x y && test -h y
@@ -748,3 +922,9 @@ test_lazy_prereq AUTOIDENT '
 # When the tests are run as root, permission tests will report that
 # things are writable when they shouldn't be.
 test -w / || test_set_prereq SANITY
+
+GIT_UNZIP=${GIT_UNZIP:-unzip}
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP '
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" -v
+	test $? -ne 127
+'
diff --git a/t/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
index 10172aee18..1fb373f25b 100755
--- a/t/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ sub finish_child {
 	} elsif ($? & 127) {
 		my $code = $? & 127;
 		warn "died of signal $code";
-		return $code - 128;
+		return $code + 128;
 	} else {
 		return $? >> 8;
 	}
diff --git a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
index d8105d9fab..2ffc80f721 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-out_prefix=$(dirname "$0")/../test-results/valgrind.out
+# Get TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY from GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS if it's there...
+. "$(dirname "$0")/../../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS"
+# ... otherwise set it to the default value.
+: ${TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(dirname "$0")/..}
+
 output=
 count=0
 total_count=0
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ handle_one () {
 	finish_output
 }
 
-for test_script in "$(dirname "$0")"/../test-results/*.out
+for test_script in "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"/test-results/*.out
 do
 	handle_one $test_script
 done
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
index 582b4dca94..42153036dc 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,30 @@
 
 base=$(basename "$0")
 
-TRACK_ORIGINS=
+TOOL_OPTIONS='--leak-check=no'
 
-VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
-VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
-VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
-test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
-test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
-TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED" &&
+exec "$GIT_VALGRIND"/../../"$base" "$@"
+
+case "$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE" in
+memcheck-fast)
+	;;
+memcheck)
+	VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+	VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+	VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+	test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+	test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="$TOOL_OPTIONS --track-origins=yes"
+	;;
+*)
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="--tool=$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE"
+esac
 
 exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
-	--leak-check=no \
-	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
 	--gen-suppressions=all \
-	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	$TOOL_OPTIONS \
 	--log-fd=4 \
 	--input-fd=4 \
 	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
index 18c4829765..68d62d5446 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ else
 	against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
 fi
 
-# If you want to allow non-ascii filenames set this variable to true.
-allownonascii=$(git config hooks.allownonascii)
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --bool hooks.allownonascii)
 
 # Redirect output to stderr.
 exec 1>&2
 
-# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ascii filenames; prevent
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
 # them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
 # printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
 if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@ if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
 	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
 	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
 then
-	echo "Error: Attempt to add a non-ascii file name."
-	echo
-	echo "This can cause problems if you want to work"
-	echo "with people on other platforms."
-	echo
-	echo "To be portable it is advisable to rename the file ..."
-	echo
-	echo "If you know what you are doing you can disable this"
-	echo "check using:"
-	echo
-	echo "  git config hooks.allownonascii true"
-	echo
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1f3bcebfd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local sha1> <remote ref> <remote sha1>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+IFS=' '
+while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha
+do
+	if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ]
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ]
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_sha"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_sha..$local_sha"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"`
+		if [ -n "$commit" ]
+		then
+			echo "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
index 71ab04edc0..d84758373d 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--update.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
 fi
 
 if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/test-chmtime.c
index 92713d16da..0df748784b 100644
--- a/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/test-chmtime.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static int timespec_arg(const char *arg, long int *set_time, int *set_eq)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	static int verbose;
 
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR) &&
 				chmod(argv[i], sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Could not make user-writable %s: %s",
 				argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 #endif
 
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (utb.modtime != sb.st_mtime && utime(argv[i], &utb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to modify time on %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 
 usage:
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
-	return -1;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/test-delta.c
index af40a3c49e..4595cd6433 100644
--- a/test-delta.c
+++ b/test-delta.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
 
 	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", usage_str);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-dump-cache-tree.c b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
index a6ffdf39d5..47eab9765f 100644
--- a/test-dump-cache-tree.c
+++ b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 	struct cache_tree *another = cache_tree();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
-	cache_tree_update(another, active_cache, active_nr, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
+	cache_tree_update(another,
+			  (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+			  active_nr, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
 	return dump_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, another, "");
 }
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/test-genrandom.c
index b3c28d9a1c..54824d0754 100644
--- a/test-genrandom.c
+++ b/test-genrandom.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned char *c;
 
 	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-index-version.c b/test-index-version.c
index bfaad9e09e..05d4699c4a 100644
--- a/test-index-version.c
+++ b/test-index-version.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct cache_header hdr;
 	int version;
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
index a3c4688778..2ef725e5ff 100644
--- a/test-match-trees.c
+++ b/test-match-trees.c
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
 	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
 	if (!one)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[1]);
 	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
 	if (!two)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[2]);
 
 	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
 	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));
diff --git a/test-mergesort.c b/test-mergesort.c
index 3f388b4ce0..ea3b959e94 100644
--- a/test-mergesort.c
+++ b/test-mergesort.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ static int compare_strings(const void *a, const void *b)
 	return strcmp(x->text, y->text);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct line *line, *p = NULL, *lines = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
index 3c9510a701..434e8b8929 100644
--- a/test-parse-options.c
+++ b/test-parse-options.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
 	const char *usage[] = {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	};
 	int i;
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
 
 	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
 	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
index 3bc20e91da..bb975e4d3e 100644
--- a/test-path-utils.c
+++ b/test-path-utils.c
@@ -1,4 +1,45 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that normalizes an entry from
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES.  If the path is unusable for some reason,
+ * die with an explanation.
+ */
+static int normalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	const char *ceil = item->string;
+	int len = strlen(ceil);
+	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		die("Empty path is not supported");
+	if (len > PATH_MAX)
+		die("Path \"%s\" is too long", ceil);
+	if (!is_absolute_path(ceil))
+		die("Path \"%s\" is not absolute", ceil);
+	if (normalize_path_copy(buf, ceil) < 0)
+		die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", ceil);
+	len = strlen(buf);
+	if (len > 1 && buf[len-1] == '/')
+		die("Normalized path \"%s\" ended with slash", buf);
+	free(item->string);
+	item->string = xstrdup(buf);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void normalize_argv_string(const char **var, const char *input)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(input, "<null>"))
+		*var = NULL;
+	else if (!strcmp(input, "<empty>"))
+		*var = "";
+	else
+		*var = input;
+
+	if (*var && (**var == '<' || **var == '('))
+		die("Bad value: %s\n", input);
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -30,7 +71,28 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
-		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		int len;
+		struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		char *path = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to normalize the arguments because under
+		 * Windows, bash mangles arguments that look like
+		 * absolute POSIX paths or colon-separate lists of
+		 * absolute POSIX paths into DOS paths (e.g.,
+		 * "/foo:/foo/bar" might be converted to
+		 * "D:\Src\msysgit\foo;D:\Src\msysgit\foo\bar"),
+		 * whereas longest_ancestor_length() requires paths
+		 * that use forward slashes.
+		 */
+		if (normalize_path_copy(path, path))
+			die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", argv[2]);
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, argv[3], PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   normalize_ceiling_entry, NULL);
+		len = longest_ancestor_length(path, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+		free(path);
 		printf("%d\n", len);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -54,6 +116,25 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "mingw_path")) {
+		puts(argv[2]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "relative_path")) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *in, *prefix, *rel;
+		normalize_argv_string(&in, argv[2]);
+		normalize_argv_string(&prefix, argv[3]);
+		rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
+		if (!rel)
+			puts("(null)");
+		else
+			puts(strlen(rel) > 0 ? rel : "(empty)");
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
 		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
 	return 1;
diff --git a/test-prio-queue.c b/test-prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be72f0086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static int intcmp(const void *va, const void *vb, void *data)
+{
+	const int *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return *a - *b;
+}
+
+static void show(int *v)
+{
+	if (!v)
+		printf("NULL\n");
+	else
+		printf("%d\n", *v);
+	free(v);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct prio_queue pq = { intcmp };
+
+	while (*++argv) {
+		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get"))
+			show(prio_queue_get(&pq));
+		else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
+			int *v;
+			while ((v = prio_queue_get(&pq)))
+			       show(v);
+		}
+		else {
+			int *v = malloc(sizeof(*v));
+			*v = atoi(*argv);
+			prio_queue_put(&pq, v);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-read-cache.c b/test-read-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25bcf139b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-read-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, cnt = 1;
+	if (argc == 2)
+		cnt = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		read_cache();
+		discard_cache();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.c b/test-sha1.c
index 80daba980e..e57eae10bf 100644
--- a/test-sha1.c
+++ b/test-sha1.c
@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned bufsz = 8192;
+	int binary = 0;
 	char *buffer;
 
-	if (ac == 2)
-		bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	if (ac == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(av[1], "-b"))
+			binary = 1;
+		else
+			bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	}
 
 	if (!bufsz)
 		bufsz = 8192;
@@ -42,6 +47,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, this_sz);
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (binary)
+		fwrite(sha1, 1, 20, stdout);
+	else
+		puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	exit(0);
 }
diff --git a/test-string-list.c b/test-string-list.c
index 4693295a98..00ce6c9a12 100644
--- a/test-string-list.c
+++ b/test-string-list.c
@@ -97,26 +97,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_prefix")) {
-		/* arguments: <colon-separated-prefixes>|- <string> */
-		struct string_list prefixes = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-		int retval;
-		const char *prefix_string = argv[2];
-		const char *string = argv[3];
-		const char *match;
-
-		parse_string_list(&prefixes, prefix_string);
-		match = string_list_longest_prefix(&prefixes, string);
-		if (match) {
-			printf("%s\n", match);
-			retval = 0;
-		}
-		else
-			retval = 1;
-		string_list_clear(&prefixes, 0);
-		return retval;
-	}
-
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
 		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
 	return 1;
diff --git a/test-subprocess.c b/test-subprocess.c
index f2d4c0d22b..93525eb7be 100644
--- a/test-subprocess.c
+++ b/test-subprocess.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct child_process cp;
 	int nogit = 0;
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	}
 	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	cp.argv = argv + 1;
+	cp.argv = (const char **)argv + 1;
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
diff --git a/test-svn-fe.c b/test-svn-fe.c
index 0f2d9a4a3d..120ec96b0d 100644
--- a/test-svn-fe.c
+++ b/test-svn-fe.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static int apply_delta(int argc, char *argv[])
 		die_errno("cannot open preimage");
 	if (buffer_init(&delta, argv[3]))
 		die_errno("cannot open delta");
-	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoull(argv[4], NULL, 0),
+	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoumax(argv[4], NULL, 0),
 					&preimage_view, stdout))
 		return 1;
 	if (buffer_deinit(&preimage))
diff --git a/test-urlmatch-normalization.c b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..090bf219a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char usage[] = "test-urlmatch-normalization [-p | -l] <url1> | <url1> <url2>";
+	char *url1, *url2;
+	int opt_p = 0, opt_l = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * For one url, succeed if url_normalize succeeds on it, fail otherwise.
+	 * For two urls, succeed only if url_normalize succeeds on both and
+	 * the results compare equal with strcmp.  If -p is given (one url only)
+	 * and url_normalize succeeds, print the result followed by "\n".  If
+	 * -l is given (one url only) and url_normalize succeeds, print the
+	 * returned length in decimal followed by "\n".
+	 */
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-p")) {
+		opt_p = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	} else if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
+		opt_l = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		struct url_info info;
+		url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], &info);
+		if (!url1)
+			return 1;
+		if (opt_p)
+			printf("%s\n", url1);
+		if (opt_l)
+			printf("%u\n", (unsigned)info.url_len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (opt_p || opt_l)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], NULL);
+	url2 = url_normalize(argv[2], NULL);
+	return (url1 && url2 && !strcmp(url1, url2)) ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-wildmatch.c b/test-wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3e2643fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#undef USE_WILDMATCH  /* We need real fnmatch implementation here */
+#endif
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+static int perf(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct timeval tv1, tv2;
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd, i, n, flags1 = 0, flags2 = 0;
+	char *buffer, *p;
+	uint32_t usec1, usec2;
+	const char *lang;
+	const char *file = av[0];
+	const char *pattern = av[1];
+
+	lang = getenv("LANG");
+	if (lang && strcmp(lang, "C"))
+		die("Please test it on C locale.");
+
+	if ((fd = open(file, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd, &st))
+		die_errno("file open");
+
+	buffer = xmalloc(st.st_size + 2);
+	if (read(fd, buffer, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+		die_errno("read");
+
+	buffer[st.st_size] = '\0';
+	buffer[st.st_size + 1] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < st.st_size; i++)
+		if (buffer[i] == '\n')
+			buffer[i] = '\0';
+
+	n = atoi(av[2]);
+	if (av[3] && !strcmp(av[3], "pathname")) {
+		flags1 = WM_PATHNAME;
+		flags2 = FNM_PATHNAME;
+	}
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			wildmatch(pattern, p, flags1, NULL);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec1 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec1 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	printf("wildmatch %ds %dus\n",
+	       (int)(usec1 / 1000000),
+	       (int)(usec1 % 1000000));
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			fnmatch(pattern, p, flags2);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec2 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec2 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	if (usec2 > usec1)
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% slower\n",
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec2 - usec1) / usec1 * 100);
+	else
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% faster\n",
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec1 - usec2) / usec1 * 100);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "perf"))
+		return perf(argc - 2, argv + 2);
+
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '/')
+			die("Forward slash is not allowed at the beginning of the\n"
+			    "pattern because Windows does not like it. Use `XXX/' instead.");
+		else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "XXX/", 4))
+			argv[i] += 3;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "wildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iwildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME | WM_CASEFOLD, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "pathmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], 0, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "fnmatch"))
+		return !!fnmatch(argv[3], argv[2], FNM_PATHNAME);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
index 7f4b76a958..97396a75ae 100644
--- a/thread-utils.c
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int online_cpus(void)
 	long ncpus;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	SYSTEM_INFO info;
 	GetSystemInfo(&info);
 
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index 5ec0e3bd16..3d744d1d4d 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ static void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
 static void trace_printf_key(const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 4713b69302..b32e2d64dd 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -25,7 +26,10 @@ struct helper_data {
 		option : 1,
 		push : 1,
 		connect : 1,
-		no_disconnect_req : 1;
+		signed_tags : 1,
+		check_connectivity : 1,
+		no_disconnect_req : 1,
+		no_private_update : 1;
 	char *export_marks;
 	char *import_marks;
 	/* These go from remote name (as in "list") to private name */
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ static void sendline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
-static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *name)
 {
 	strbuf_reset(buffer);
 	if (debug)
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 
 static int recvline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 {
-	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer);
+	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer, helper->name);
 }
 
 static void xchgline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
@@ -184,6 +188,8 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 			data->bidi_import = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "export"))
 			data->export = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "check-connectivity"))
+			data->check_connectivity = 1;
 		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(refspecs,
 				   refspec_nr + 1,
@@ -191,6 +197,8 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(capname + strlen("refspec "));
 		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
 			data->connect = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "signed-tags")) {
+			data->signed_tags = 1;
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "export-marks ")) {
 			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--export-marks=");
@@ -201,6 +209,8 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--import-marks=");
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("import-marks "));
 			data->import_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "no-private-update")) {
+			data->no_private_update = 1;
 		} else if (mandatory) {
 			die("Unknown mandatory capability %s. This remote "
 			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.",
@@ -211,10 +221,11 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 		int i;
 		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
-		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
 			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
-		}
 		free(refspecs);
+	} else if (data->import || data->bidi_import || data->export) {
+		warning("This remote helper should implement refspec capability.");
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (debug)
@@ -344,6 +355,9 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	standard_options(transport);
+	if (data->check_connectivity &&
+	    data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "check-connectivity", "true");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		const struct ref *posn = to_fetch[i];
@@ -367,6 +381,10 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 			else
 				transport->pack_lockfile = xstrdup(name);
 		}
+		else if (data->check_connectivity &&
+			 data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			 !strcmp(buf.buf, "connectivity-ok"))
+			data->transport_options.self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 		else if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 		else
@@ -410,9 +428,11 @@ static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(5 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
+	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(6 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "fast-export";
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "--use-done-feature";
+	fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->signed_tags ?
+		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip";
 	if (data->export_marks)
 		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->export_marks;
 	if (data->import_marks)
@@ -469,7 +489,7 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
 	 * were fetching.
 	 *
 	 * (If no "refspec" capability was specified, for historical
-	 * reasons we default to *:*.)
+	 * reasons we default to the equivalent of *:*.)
 	 *
 	 * Store the result in to_fetch[i].old_sha1.  Callers such
 	 * as "git fetch" can use the value to write feedback to the
@@ -536,7 +556,7 @@ static int process_connect_service(struct transport *transport,
 		goto exit;
 
 	sendline(data, &cmdbuf);
-	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf);
+	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf, name);
 	if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "")) {
 		data->no_disconnect_req = 1;
 		if (debug)
@@ -618,7 +638,7 @@ static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
+static int push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 				   struct ref **ref,
 				   struct ref *remote_refs)
 {
@@ -661,6 +681,26 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "already exists")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "stale info")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)
@@ -669,7 +709,7 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		*ref = find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, refname);
 	if (!*ref) {
 		warning("helper reported unexpected status of %s", refname);
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if ((*ref)->status != REF_STATUS_NONE) {
@@ -678,11 +718,12 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		 * status reported by the remote helper if the latter is 'no match'.
 		 */
 		if (status == REF_STATUS_NONE)
-			return;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
 	(*ref)->status = status;
 	(*ref)->remote_status = msg;
+	return !(status == REF_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
 static void push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
@@ -691,23 +732,38 @@ static void push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 	for (;;) {
+		char *private;
+
 		recvline(data, &buf);
 		if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 
-		push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs);
+		if (push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!data->refspecs || data->no_private_update)
+			continue;
+
+		/* propagate back the update to the remote namespace */
+		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
+		if (!private)
+			continue;
+		update_ref("update by helper", private, ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(private);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
-		struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+			       struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
 {
 	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
 	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 
 	get_helper(transport);
 	if (!data->push)
@@ -720,6 +776,8 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -741,11 +799,29 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->name);
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+		/*
+		 * The "--force-with-lease" options without explicit
+		 * values to expect have already been expanded into
+		 * the ref->old_sha1_expect[] field; we can ignore
+		 * transport->smart_options->cas altogether and instead
+		 * can enumerate them from the refs.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			struct strbuf cas = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&cas, "%s:%s",
+				    ref->name, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1_expect));
+			string_list_append(&cas_options, strbuf_detach(&cas, NULL));
+		}
 	}
-	if (buf.len == 0)
+	if (buf.len == 0) {
+		string_list_clear(&cas_options, 0);
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	standard_options(transport);
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cas", cas_option->string);
 
 	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
 		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
@@ -769,6 +845,14 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
 	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!data->refspecs)
+		die("remote-helper doesn't support push; refspec needed");
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
+	}
+
 	helper = get_helper(transport);
 
 	write_constant(helper->in, "export\n");
@@ -779,22 +863,25 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
 		char *private;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		if (!data->refspecs)
-			continue;
+		if (ref->deletion)
+			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
+
 		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
 		if (private && !get_sha1(private, sha1)) {
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "^%s", private);
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, sha1);
 		}
 		free(private);
 
-		if (ref->deletion) {
+		if (ref->deletion)
 			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
-		}
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
+		if (ref->peer_ref) {
+			if (strcmp(ref->peer_ref->name, ref->name))
+				die("remote-helpers do not support old:new syntax");
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
-
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (get_exporter(transport, &exporter, &revlist_args))
@@ -934,6 +1021,7 @@ int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
 #define PBUFFERSIZE 8192
 
 /* Print bidirectional transfer loop debug message. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void transfer_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
@@ -975,7 +1063,7 @@ struct unidirectional_transfer {
 	int src_is_sock;
 	/* Is destination socket? */
 	int dest_is_sock;
-	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERRING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
 	int state;
 	/* Buffer. */
 	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
@@ -1019,7 +1107,7 @@ static int udt_do_read(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes == 0) {
 		transfer_debug("%s EOF (with %i bytes in buffer)",
-			t->src_name, t->bufuse);
+			t->src_name, (int)t->bufuse);
 		t->state = SSTATE_FLUSHING;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
 		t->bufuse += bytes;
@@ -1083,7 +1171,7 @@ static void *udt_copy_task_routine(void *udt)
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 
 /*
- * Join thread, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join thread, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * thread (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pthread_t thread, const char *name)
@@ -1149,7 +1237,7 @@ static void udt_kill_transfer(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 }
 
 /*
- * Join process, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join process, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * process (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pid_t pid, const char *name)
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 9932f402df..7202b7777d 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "walker.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
@@ -106,7 +108,8 @@ static void insert_packed_refs(const char *packed_refs, struct ref **list)
 		return;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int cmp = cmp, len;
+		int cmp = 0; /* assigned before used */
+		int len;
 
 		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
 			fclose(f);
@@ -507,7 +510,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_via_connect(struct transport *transport, int for_pus
 	struct ref *refs;
 
 	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
-	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs,
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs,
 			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
 	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 
@@ -518,11 +521,9 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
-	struct string_list sought = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	const struct ref *refs;
 	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
 	struct fetch_pack_args args;
-	int i;
 	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
 
 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -535,29 +536,30 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
 	args.no_progress = !transport->progress;
 	args.depth = data->options.depth;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		string_list_append(&sought, to_fetch[i]->name);
+	args.check_self_contained_and_connected =
+		data->options.check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
 		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
 			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
-			  dest, &sought, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+			  dest, to_fetch, nr_heads,
+			  &transport->pack_lockfile);
 	close(data->fd[0]);
 	close(data->fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
 		refs = NULL;
 	data->conn = NULL;
 	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	data->options.self_contained_and_connected =
+		args.self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	free_refs(refs_tmp);
 
-	string_list_clear(&sought, 0);
 	free(dest);
 	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
 }
@@ -659,7 +661,7 @@ static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
 		const char *msg;
 
 		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
 			strcat(quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
@@ -695,6 +697,22 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "already exists", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "stale info", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -714,7 +732,7 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 }
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-				  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward)
+				  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int n = 0;
@@ -733,18 +751,23 @@ void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
 		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
 
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
-		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD &&
-		    *nonfastforward != NON_FF_HEAD) {
-			if (!strcmp(head, ref->name))
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_HEAD;
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) {
+			if (head != NULL && !strcmp(head, ref->name))
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD;
 			else
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_OTHER;
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -782,7 +805,7 @@ static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_re
 		struct ref *tmp_refs;
 		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
 
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -858,6 +881,8 @@ void transport_take_over(struct transport *transport,
 	transport->push_refs = git_transport_push;
 	transport->disconnect = disconnect_git;
 	transport->smart_options = &(data->options);
+
+	transport->cannot_reuse = 1;
 }
 
 static int is_local(const char *url)
@@ -1029,11 +1054,68 @@ static void die_with_unpushed_submodules(struct string_list *needs_pushing)
 	die("Aborting.");
 }
 
+static int run_pre_push_hook(struct transport *transport,
+			     struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	int ret = 0, x;
+	struct ref *r;
+	struct child_process proc;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	const char *argv[4];
+
+	if (!(argv[0] = find_hook("pre-push")))
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	argv[2] = transport->url;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(&proc)) {
+		finish_command(&proc);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 256);
+
+	for (r = remote_refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!r->peer_ref) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE) continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf( &buf, "%s %s %s %s\n",
+			 r->peer_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(r->new_sha1),
+			 r->name, sha1_to_hex(r->old_sha1));
+
+		if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len) {
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	x = close(proc.in);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	x = finish_command(&proc);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int *nonfastforward)
+		   unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	transport_verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
 
 	if (transport->push) {
@@ -1059,16 +1141,28 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS;
 
 		if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
 				    refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
+		if (transport->smart_options &&
+		    transport->smart_options->cas &&
+		    !is_empty_cas(transport->smart_options->cas))
+			apply_push_cas(transport->smart_options->cas,
+				       transport->remote, remote_refs);
+
 		set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
 
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK))
+			if (run_pre_push_hook(transport, remote_refs))
+				return -1;
+
 		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) && !is_bare_repository()) {
 			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
@@ -1099,7 +1193,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
-					nonfastforward);
+					reject_reasons);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
 			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
@@ -1153,7 +1247,7 @@ int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs)
 		 * then local and remote refs are likely to still be equal.
 		 * Just feed them all to the fetch method in that case.
 		 * This condition shouldn't be met in a non-deepening fetch
-		 * (see builtin-fetch.c:quickfetch()).
+		 * (see builtin/fetch.c:quickfetch()).
 		 */
 		heads = xmalloc(nr_refs * sizeof(*heads));
 		for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next)
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index 4a61c0c3f2..8f96bed775 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -2,15 +2,19 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_H
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
 struct git_transport_options {
 	unsigned thin : 1;
 	unsigned keep : 1;
 	unsigned followtags : 1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected : 1;
 	int depth;
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	const char *receivepack;
+	struct push_cas_option *cas;
 };
 
 struct transport {
@@ -25,6 +29,12 @@ struct transport {
 	 */
 	unsigned got_remote_refs : 1;
 
+	/*
+	 * Transports that call take-over destroys the data specific to
+	 * the transport type while doing so, and cannot be reused.
+	 */
+	unsigned cannot_reuse : 1;
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns 0 if successful, positive if the option is not
 	 * recognized or is inapplicable, and negative if the option
@@ -74,7 +84,7 @@ struct transport {
 		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
 
 	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
-	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for further
 	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
 	 **/
 	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
@@ -104,6 +114,8 @@ struct transport {
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK 64
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE 128
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND 256
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK 512
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS 1024
 
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(x) (int)(TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH + strlen(x) - gettext_width(x)), (x)
@@ -122,6 +134,9 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 /* Transfer the data as a thin pack if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_THIN "thin"
 
+/* Check the current value of the remote ref */
+#define TRANS_OPT_CAS "cas"
+
 /* Keep the pack that was transferred if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_KEEP "keep"
 
@@ -140,11 +155,15 @@ int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress);
 
-#define NON_FF_HEAD 1
-#define NON_FF_OTHER 2
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
+#define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int * nonfastforward);
+		   unsigned int * reject_reasons);
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
 
@@ -162,7 +181,7 @@ int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
 int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output);
 
-/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin-send-pack.c */
+/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin/send-pack.c */
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads);
 
 void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int verbose);
@@ -170,7 +189,7 @@ void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int v
 int transport_refs_pushed(struct ref *ref);
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-		  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward);
+		  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons);
 
 typedef void alternate_ref_fn(const struct ref *, void *);
 extern void for_each_alternate_ref(alternate_ref_fn, void *);
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index ba01563a02..ccf9d7c8fd 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
 
 	/* Enable recursion indefinitely */
 	opt->pathspec.recursive = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE);
-	opt->pathspec.max_depth = -1;
 
 	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_add(&base, base_str, baselen);
@@ -196,9 +195,27 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_filepair *choice;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i;
 
+	/*
+	 * follow-rename code is very specific, we need exactly one
+	 * path. Magic that matches more than one path is not
+	 * supported.
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&opt->pathspec, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+#if 0
+	/*
+	 * We should reject wildcards as well. Unfortunately we
+	 * haven't got a reliable way to detect that 'foo\*bar' in
+	 * fact has no wildcards. nowildcard_len is merely a hint for
+	 * optimization. Let it slip for now until wildmatch is taught
+	 * about dry-run mode and returns wildcard info.
+	 */
+	if (opt->pathspec.has_wildcard)
+		die("BUG:%s:%d: wildcards are not supported",
+		    __FILE__, __LINE__);
+#endif
+
 	/* Remove the file creation entry from the diff queue, and remember it */
 	choice = q->queue[0];
 	q->nr = 0;
@@ -207,15 +224,13 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.raw[0];
+	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.items[0].match;
 	diff_opts.break_opt = opt->break_opt;
 	diff_opts.rename_score = opt->rename_score;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 
 	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
 	opt->found_follow = 0;
@@ -228,15 +243,18 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 		 * the future!
 		 */
 		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
-		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.raw[0])) {
+		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.items[0].match)) {
+			const char *path[2];
+
 			/* Switch the file-pairs around */
 			q->queue[i] = choice;
 			choice = p;
 
 			/* Update the path we use from now on.. */
-			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
-			opt->pathspec.raw[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->pathspec.raw, opt);
+			path[0] = p->one->path;
+			path[1] = NULL;
+			free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+			parse_pathspec(&opt->pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC, 0, "", path);
 
 			/*
 			 * The caller expects us to return a set of vanilla
@@ -310,13 +328,3 @@ int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_
 	free(tree);
 	return retval;
 }
-
-void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
-}
-
-void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **p, struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	init_pathspec(&opt->pathspec, p);
-}
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 3f54c02d76..5ece8c3477 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tree.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
 {
@@ -323,7 +324,6 @@ static inline int prune_traversal(struct name_entry *e,
 
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
 	int error = 0;
 	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
 	int i;
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		strbuf_setlen(&base, info->pathlen);
 	}
 	for (;;) {
+		int trees_used;
 		unsigned long mask, dirmask;
 		const char *first = NULL;
 		int first_len = 0;
@@ -404,15 +405,14 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		if (interesting < 0)
 			break;
 		if (interesting) {
-			ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
-			if (ret < 0) {
-				error = ret;
+			trees_used = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
+			if (trees_used < 0) {
+				error = trees_used;
 				if (!info->show_all_errors)
 					break;
 			}
-			mask &= ret;
+			mask &= trees_used;
 		}
-		ret = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			if (mask & (1ul << i))
 				update_extended_entry(tx + i, entry + i);
@@ -488,13 +488,25 @@ int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned ch
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
+static int match_entry(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		       const char *match, int matchlen,
 		       enum interesting *never_interesting)
 {
 	int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
 
-	if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		/*
+		 * "Never interesting" trick requires exact
+		 * matching. We could do something clever with inexact
+		 * matching, but it's trickier (and not to forget that
+		 * strcasecmp is locale-dependent, at least in
+		 * glibc). Just disable it for now. It can't be worse
+		 * than the wildcard's codepath of '[Tt][Hi][Is][Ss]'
+		 * pattern.
+		 */
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
+	else if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
 		/*
 		 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
 		 * than the current path.
@@ -540,7 +552,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		 * we cheated and did not do strncmp(), so we do
 		 * that here.
 		 */
-		m = strncmp(match, entry->path, pathlen);
+		m = ps_strncmp(item, match, entry->path, pathlen);
 
 	/*
 	 * If common part matched earlier then it is a hit,
@@ -548,15 +560,39 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 	 * leading directory and is shorter than match.
 	 */
 	if (!m)
+		/*
+		 * match_entry does not check if the prefix part is
+		 * matched case-sensitively. If the entry is a
+		 * directory and part of prefix, it'll be rematched
+		 * eventually by basecmp with special treatment for
+		 * the prefix.
+		 */
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
+/* :(icase)-aware string compare */
+static int basecmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		   const char *base, const char *match, int len)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) {
+		int ret, n = len > item->prefix ? item->prefix : len;
+		ret = strncmp(base, match, n);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		base += n;
+		match += n;
+		len -= n;
+	}
+	return ps_strncmp(item, base, match, len);
+}
+
+static int match_dir_prefix(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *base,
 			    const char *match, int matchlen)
 {
-	if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+	if (basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen))
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -573,6 +609,54 @@ static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Perform matching on the leading non-wildcard part of
+ * pathspec. item->nowildcard_len must be greater than zero. Return
+ * non-zero if base is matched.
+ */
+static int match_wildcard_base(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int *matched)
+{
+	const char *match = item->match;
+	/* the wildcard part is not considered in this function */
+	int matchlen = item->nowildcard_len;
+
+	if (baselen) {
+		int dirlen;
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is longer than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match.
+		 */
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			*matched = matchlen;
+			return !basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen);
+		}
+
+		dirlen = matchlen;
+		while (dirlen && match[dirlen - 1] != '/')
+			dirlen--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is shorter than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match. Note that
+		 * base ends with '/' so we are sure it really matches
+		 * directory
+		 */
+		if (basecmp(item, base, match, baselen))
+			return 0;
+		*matched = baselen;
+	} else
+		*matched = 0;
+	/*
+	 * we could have checked entry against the non-wildcard part
+	 * that is not in base and does similar never_interesting
+	 * optimization as in match_entry. For now just be happy with
+	 * base comparison.
+	 */
+	return entry_interesting;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
  * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
@@ -587,8 +671,17 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 	enum interesting never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
 		entry_not_interesting : all_entries_not_interesting;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return all_entries_interesting;
 		return within_depth(base->buf + base_offset, baselen,
 				    !!S_ISDIR(entry->mode),
@@ -602,14 +695,16 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		const struct pathspec_item *item = ps->items+i;
 		const char *match = item->match;
 		const char *base_str = base->buf + base_offset;
-		int matchlen = item->len;
+		int matchlen = item->len, matched = 0;
 
 		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
 			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
-			if (!match_dir_prefix(base_str, match, matchlen))
+			if (!match_dir_prefix(item, base_str, match, matchlen))
 				goto match_wildcards;
 
-			if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+			if (!ps->recursive ||
+			    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+			    ps->max_depth == -1)
 				return all_entries_interesting;
 
 			return within_depth(base_str + matchlen + 1,
@@ -620,14 +715,15 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 		/* Either there must be no base, or the base must match. */
-		if (baselen == 0 || !strncmp(base_str, match, baselen)) {
-			if (match_entry(entry, pathlen,
+		if (baselen == 0 || !basecmp(item, base_str, match, baselen)) {
+			if (match_entry(item, entry, pathlen,
 					match + baselen, matchlen - baselen,
 					&never_interesting))
 				return entry_interesting;
 
-			if (item->use_wildcard) {
-				if (!fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path, 0))
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				if (!git_fnmatch(item, match + baselen, entry->path,
+						 item->nowildcard_len - baselen))
 					return entry_interesting;
 
 				/*
@@ -642,17 +738,33 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 match_wildcards:
-		if (!item->use_wildcard)
+		if (item->nowildcard_len == item->len)
 			continue;
 
+		if (item->nowildcard_len &&
+		    !match_wildcard_base(item, base_str, baselen, &matched))
+			return entry_not_interesting;
+
 		/*
 		 * Concatenate base and entry->path into one and do
 		 * fnmatch() on it.
+		 *
+		 * While we could avoid concatenation in certain cases
+		 * [1], which saves a memcpy and potentially a
+		 * realloc, it turns out not worth it. Measurement on
+		 * linux-2.6 does not show any clear improvements,
+		 * partly because of the nowildcard_len optimization
+		 * in git_fnmatch(). Avoid micro-optimizations here.
+		 *
+		 * [1] if match_wildcard_base() says the base
+		 * directory is already matched, we only need to match
+		 * the rest, which is shorter so _in theory_ faster.
 		 */
 
 		strbuf_add(base, entry->path, pathlen);
 
-		if (!fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset, 0)) {
+		if (!git_fnmatch(item, match, base->buf + base_offset,
+				 item->nowildcard_len)) {
 			strbuf_setlen(base, base_offset + baselen);
 			return entry_interesting;
 		}
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 2bf0db9814..ae04b6417d 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct traverse_info {
 	int pathlen;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long df_conflicts;
 	traverse_callback_t fn;
 	void *data;
 	int show_all_errors;
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 62fed632d8..c8c49d7b78 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int
 }
 
 static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
-		       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 
 int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			const char *base, int baselen,
-			int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
 	 * sort at the end.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; !fn && i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce) == stage)
 			fn = read_one_entry;
 	}
@@ -225,6 +225,14 @@ int parse_tree(struct tree *item)
 	return parse_tree_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 }
 
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	tree->size = 0;
+	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+}
+
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
index 69bcb5e0ec..d84ac63e51 100644
--- a/tree.h
+++ b/tree.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1);
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int parse_tree(struct tree *tree);
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree);
 
 /* Parses and returns the tree in the given ent, chasing tags and commits. */
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, const char *, int, const ch
 
 extern int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			       const char *base, int baselen,
-			       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context);
 
 extern int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec);
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 6d9636623a..1a61e6f363 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -116,14 +116,20 @@ static void do_add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
 			ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
-static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
-	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
 	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
 
 	memcpy(new, ce, size);
-	do_add_entry(o, new, set, clear);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+		      const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+{
+	do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce), set, clear);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ static void display_error_msgs(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
  * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
  */
-static void unlink_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void unlink_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	if (!check_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 		return;
@@ -193,7 +199,7 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
 		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
 			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
 				total++;
 		}
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->update)
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT, &o->result);
 	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE) {
 			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
@@ -235,8 +241,11 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return errs != 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -291,7 +300,8 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int call_unpack_fn(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static inline int call_unpack_fn(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int ret = o->fn(src, o);
 	if (ret > 0)
@@ -320,7 +330,7 @@ static void mark_all_ce_unused(struct index_state *index)
 		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UNPACKED | CE_ADDED | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
-static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int locate_in_src_index(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -366,7 +376,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *next_cache_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void add_same_unmerged(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -388,7 +398,7 @@ static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
 static int unpack_index_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
+	const struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
 	int ret;
 
 	src[0] = ce;
@@ -454,7 +464,7 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask,
 	newinfo.pathspec = info->pathspec;
 	newinfo.name = *p;
 	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p) + 1;
-	newinfo.conflicts |= df_conflicts;
+	newinfo.df_conflicts |= df_conflicts;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, dirmask >>= 1) {
 		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
@@ -555,17 +565,12 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 {
 	int i;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long conflicts = info->df_conflicts | dirmask;
 
 	/* Do we have *only* directories? Nothing to do */
 	if (mask == dirmask && !src[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	conflicts = info->conflicts;
-	if (o->merge)
-		conflicts >>= 1;
-	conflicts |= dirmask;
-
 	/*
 	 * Ok, we've filled in up to any potential index entry in src[0],
 	 * now do the rest.
@@ -590,8 +595,16 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 		src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
 	}
 
-	if (o->merge)
-		return call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+	if (o->merge) {
+		int rc = call_unpack_fn((const struct cache_entry * const *)src,
+					o);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = src[i + o->merge];
+			if (ce != o->df_conflict_entry)
+				free(ce);
+		}
+		return rc;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		if (src[i] && src[i] != o->df_conflict_entry)
@@ -637,7 +650,7 @@ static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
 	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p);
 
 	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
 		const char *ce_name, *ce_slash;
 		int cmp, ce_len;
 
@@ -789,13 +802,6 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 
 	/* Now handle any directories.. */
 	if (dirmask) {
-		unsigned long conflicts = mask & ~dirmask;
-		if (o->merge) {
-			conflicts <<= 1;
-			if (src[0])
-				conflicts |= 1;
-		}
-
 		/* special case: "diff-index --cached" looking at a tree */
 		if (o->diff_index_cached &&
 		    n == 1 && dirmask == 1 && S_ISDIR(names->mode)) {
@@ -814,7 +820,7 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, conflicts,
+		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, mask & ~dirmask,
 					     names, info) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		return mask;
@@ -837,7 +843,8 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 {
 	struct cache_entry **cache_end;
 	int dtype = DT_DIR;
-	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+	int ret = is_excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len,
+					basename, &dtype, el);
 
 	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
 
@@ -856,7 +863,7 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 	 * with ret (iow, we know in advance the incl/excl
 	 * decision for the entire directory), clear flag here without
 	 * calling clear_ce_flags_1(). That function will call
-	 * the expensive excluded_from_list() on every entry.
+	 * the expensive is_excluded_from_list() on every entry.
 	 */
 	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
 				prefix, prefix_len,
@@ -939,7 +946,8 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 
 		/* Non-directory */
 		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-		ret = excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el);
+		ret = is_excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+					    name, &dtype, el);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			ret = defval;
 		if (ret > 0)
@@ -993,7 +1001,9 @@ static void mark_new_skip_worktree(struct exclude_list *el,
 		       select_flag, skip_wt_flag, el);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *);
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *);
 /*
  * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
  * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
@@ -1018,16 +1028,12 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
 		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
-		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, &el, 0) < 0)
 			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 		else
 			o->el = &el;
 	}
 
-	if (o->dir) {
-		o->path_exclude_check = xmalloc(sizeof(struct path_exclude_check));
-		path_exclude_check_init(o->path_exclude_check, o->dir);
-	}
 	memset(&o->result, 0, sizeof(o->result));
 	o->result.initialized = 1;
 	o->result.timestamp.sec = o->src_index->timestamp.sec;
@@ -1148,15 +1154,13 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 
 	o->src_index = NULL;
 	ret = check_updates(o) ? (-2) : 0;
-	if (o->dst_index)
+	if (o->dst_index) {
+		discard_index(o->dst_index);
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
+	}
 
 done:
-	free_excludes(&el);
-	if (o->path_exclude_check) {
-		path_exclude_check_clear(o->path_exclude_check);
-		free(o->path_exclude_check);
-	}
+	clear_exclude_list(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1171,12 +1175,13 @@ return_failed:
 
 /* Here come the merge functions */
 
-static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int reject_merge(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+static int same(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	if (!!a != !!b)
 		return 0;
@@ -1193,9 +1198,9 @@ static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
  * When a CE gets turned into an unmerged entry, we
  * want it to be up-to-date
  */
-static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
+static int verify_uptodate_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+			     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -1234,7 +1239,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 		add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
@@ -1242,13 +1247,14 @@ static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static void invalidate_ce_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (ce)
 		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index->cache_tree, ce->name);
@@ -1261,16 +1267,16 @@ static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_optio
  * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
  * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
  */
-static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_submodule(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				     struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/*
 	 * we are about to extract "ce->name"; we would not want to lose
@@ -1349,18 +1355,18 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
  */
 static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *name, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src;
+	const struct cache_entry *src;
 
 	src = index_name_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
 	return src && !ie_match_stat(o->src_index, src, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
 static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
-			      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+			      const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 			      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *result;
+	const struct cache_entry *result;
 
 	/*
 	 * It may be that the 'lstat()' succeeded even though
@@ -1373,7 +1379,7 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
 		return 0;
 
 	if (o->dir &&
-	    path_excluded(o->path_exclude_check, name, -1, &dtype))
+	    is_excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
 		/*
 		 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
 		 * overwrite it.
@@ -1411,9 +1417,9 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
  * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
  * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
  */
-static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1446,7 +1452,7 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	}
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -1455,9 +1461,9 @@ static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
-			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	enum unpack_trees_error_types orphaned_error = error_type;
 	if (orphaned_error == ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN)
@@ -1466,10 +1472,12 @@ static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, orphaned_error, o);
 }
 
-static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			const struct cache_entry *old,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
+	struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce);
 
 	if (!old) {
 		/*
@@ -1487,8 +1495,11 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		update |= CE_ADDED;
 		merge->ce_flags |= CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 
-		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
+		if (verify_absent(merge,
+				  ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o)) {
+			free(merge);
 			return -1;
+		}
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1502,8 +1513,10 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 			copy_cache_entry(merge, old);
 			update = 0;
 		} else {
-			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
+			if (verify_uptodate(old, o)) {
+				free(merge);
 				return -1;
+			}
 			/* Migrate old flags over */
 			update |= old->ce_flags & (CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
@@ -1516,12 +1529,13 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
 	}
 
-	add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
+	do_add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int deleted_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/* Did it exist in the index? */
 	if (!old) {
@@ -1536,7 +1550,8 @@ static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int keep_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int keep_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
 	return 1;
@@ -1558,11 +1573,12 @@ static void show_stage_entry(FILE *o,
 }
 #endif
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *index;
-	struct cache_entry *head;
-	struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
+	const struct cache_entry *index;
+	const struct cache_entry *head;
+	const struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
 	int count;
 	int head_match = 0;
 	int remote_match = 0;
@@ -1647,7 +1663,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->aggressive) {
 		int head_deleted = !head;
 		int remote_deleted = !remote;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
 
 		if (index)
 			ce = index;
@@ -1730,11 +1746,12 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * "carry forward" rule, please see <Documentation/git-read-tree.txt>.
  *
  */
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
-	struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
+	const struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 2)
 		return error("Cannot do a twoway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1796,11 +1813,11 @@ int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * Keep the index entries at stage0, collapse stage1 but make sure
  * stage0 does not have anything there.
  */
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees",
@@ -1820,10 +1837,11 @@ int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
  * The rule is:
  * - take the stat information from stage0, take the data from stage1
  */
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a oneway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1834,7 +1852,7 @@ int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (old && same(old, a)) {
 		int update = 0;
-		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+		if (o->reset && o->update && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
 			struct stat st;
 			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
 			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index ec74a9f19a..36a73a6d00 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 struct unpack_trees_options;
 struct exclude_list;
 
-typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
+typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
 enum unpack_trees_error_types {
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ struct unpack_trees_options {
 	const char *prefix;
 	int cache_bottom;
 	struct dir_struct *dir;
-	struct path_exclude_check *path_exclude_check;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 	merge_fn_t fn;
 	const char *msgs[NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES];
@@ -78,9 +77,13 @@ struct unpack_trees_options {
 extern int unpack_trees(unsigned n, struct tree_desc *t,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 6142421ea1..a6c54e06bb 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <dir>";
 
@@ -25,23 +27,25 @@ static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<
 #define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
 #define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+#define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
 static unsigned long oldest_have;
 
-static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int multi_ack;
 static int no_done;
 static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
 static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+static int allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
 static int shallow_nr;
 static struct object_array have_obj;
 static struct object_array want_obj;
 static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
 static unsigned int timeout;
+static int keepalive = 5;
 /* 0 for no sideband,
  * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
  */
 static int use_sideband;
-static int debug_fd;
 static int advertise_refs;
 static int stateless_rpc;
 
@@ -50,13 +54,6 @@ static void reset_timeout(void)
 	alarm(timeout);
 }
 
-static int strip(char *line, int len)
-{
-	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	return len;
-}
-
 static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 {
 	if (use_sideband)
@@ -69,93 +66,32 @@ static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
 		return sz;
 	}
-	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
-}
-
-static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
-static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
-{
-	if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
-		fputc('-', pack_pipe);
-	if (fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), pack_pipe) < 0)
-		die("broken output pipe");
-	fputc('\n', pack_pipe);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
-}
-
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *component,
-			void *cb_data)
-{
-	show_object_with_name(pack_pipe, obj, path, component);
-}
-
-static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-}
-
-static int do_rev_list(int in, int out, void *user_data)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct rev_info revs;
-
-	pack_pipe = xfdopen(out, "w");
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	revs.tag_objects = 1;
-	revs.tree_objects = 1;
-	revs.blob_objects = 1;
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		revs.edge_hint = 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		/* why??? */
-		o->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = have_obj.objects[i].item;
-		o->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
-	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
-			fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(
-					extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	fclose(pack_pipe);
-	return 0;
+	write_or_die(fd, data, sz);
+	return sz;
 }
 
 static void create_pack_file(void)
 {
-	struct async rev_list;
 	struct child_process pack_objects;
-	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
 	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
 		"corruption on the remote side.";
 	int buffered = -1;
 	ssize_t sz;
-	const char *argv[10];
-	int arg = 0;
+	const char *argv[12];
+	int i, arg = 0;
+	FILE *pipe_fd;
+	char *shallow_file = NULL;
 
-	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
-	if (!shallow_nr) {
-		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
-		if (create_full_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--all";
-		else if (use_thin_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
+	if (shallow_nr) {
+		shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow();
+		argv[arg++] = "--shallow-file";
+		argv[arg++] = shallow_file;
 	}
+	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
+	argv[arg++] = "--revs";
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		argv[arg++] = "--thin";
 
 	argv[arg++] = "--stdout";
 	if (!no_progress)
@@ -176,29 +112,21 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
 		die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-pack-objects");
 
-	if (shallow_nr) {
-		memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
-		rev_list.proc = do_rev_list;
-		rev_list.out = pack_objects.in;
-		if (start_async(&rev_list))
-			die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-rev-list");
-	}
-	else {
-		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
-		if (!create_full_pack) {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-		}
-
-		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
-		fflush(pipe_fd);
-		fclose(pipe_fd);
-	}
-
+	pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
+	fflush(pipe_fd);
+	fclose(pipe_fd);
 
 	/* We read from pack_objects.err to capture stderr output for
 	 * progress bar, and pack_objects.out to capture the pack data.
@@ -207,6 +135,7 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 	while (1) {
 		struct pollfd pfd[2];
 		int pe, pu, pollsize;
+		int ret;
 
 		reset_timeout();
 
@@ -229,7 +158,8 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 		if (!pollsize)
 			break;
 
-		if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+		ret = poll(pfd, pollsize, 1000 * keepalive);
+		if (ret < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
 				error("poll failed, resuming: %s",
 				      strerror(errno));
@@ -291,14 +221,32 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 			if (sz < 0)
 				goto fail;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We hit the keepalive timeout without saying anything; send
+		 * an empty message on the data sideband just to let the other
+		 * side know we're still working on it, but don't have any data
+		 * yet.
+		 *
+		 * If we don't have a sideband channel, there's no room in the
+		 * protocol to say anything, so those clients are just out of
+		 * luck.
+		 */
+		if (!ret && use_sideband) {
+			static const char buf[] = "0005\1";
+			write_or_die(1, buf, 5);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (finish_command(&pack_objects)) {
 		error("git upload-pack: git-pack-objects died with error.");
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	if (shallow_nr && finish_async(&rev_list))
-		goto fail;	/* error was already reported */
+	if (shallow_file) {
+		if (*shallow_file)
+			unlink(shallow_file);
+		free(shallow_file);
+	}
 
 	/* flush the data */
 	if (0 <= buffered) {
@@ -327,9 +275,7 @@ static int got_sha1(char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return -1;
 
-	o = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!(o && o->parsed))
-		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -417,7 +363,6 @@ static int ok_to_give_up(void)
 
 static int get_common_commits(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char last_hex[41];
 	int got_common = 0;
@@ -427,10 +372,10 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
 
-		if (!len) {
+		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
 			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
@@ -449,7 +394,6 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 			got_other = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
-		strip(line, len);
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
 			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
@@ -489,6 +433,12 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int is_our_ref(struct object *o)
+{
+	return o->flags &
+		((allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? HIDDEN_REF : 0) | OUR_REF);
+}
+
 static void check_non_tip(void)
 {
 	static const char *argv[] = {
@@ -525,7 +475,7 @@ static void check_non_tip(void)
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf + 1, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 42) < 0)
@@ -534,7 +484,7 @@ static void check_non_tip(void)
 	namebuf[40] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (o->flags & OUR_REF)
+		if (is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 41) < 0)
@@ -568,7 +518,7 @@ error:
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
 	}
@@ -577,34 +527,33 @@ error:
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len, depth = 0;
+	int depth = 0;
 	int has_non_tip = 0;
 
 	shallow_nr = 0;
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
 	for (;;) {
 		struct object *o;
 		const char *features;
 		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
-		if (!len)
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (debug_fd)
-			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
 
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			struct object *object;
-			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
 			object = parse_object(sha1);
 			if (!object)
-				die("did not find object for %s", line);
-			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
-			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+				continue;
+			if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("invalid shallow object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (!(object->flags & CLIENT_SHALLOW)) {
+				object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
@@ -640,19 +589,17 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 		if (parse_feature_request(features, "include-tag"))
 			use_include_tag = 1;
 
-		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		o = parse_object(sha1_buf);
 		if (!o)
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(sha1_buf));
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			if (!is_our_ref(o))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
 		}
 	}
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
@@ -670,10 +617,17 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
 		return;
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		struct commit_list *result = NULL, *backup = NULL;
 		int i;
-		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
-			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH)
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+				struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+				object->flags |= NOT_SHALLOW;
+			}
+		else
+			backup = result =
+				get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+						    SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		while (result) {
 			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
 			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
@@ -720,45 +674,47 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	free(shallows.objects);
 }
 
+/* return non-zero if the ref is hidden, otherwise 0 */
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(refname)) {
+		o->flags |= HIDDEN_REF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!o)
+		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
 		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
 		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
-	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
 	const char *refname_nons = strip_namespace(refname);
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
+	if (mark_our_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data))
+		return 0;
+
 	if (capabilities)
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s agent=%s\n",
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s%s agent=%s\n",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
 			     0, capabilities,
+			     allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? " allow-tip-sha1-in-want" : "",
 			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "",
 			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
 	else
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons);
 	capabilities = NULL;
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
 	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled))
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled), refname_nons);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void upload_pack(void)
 {
 	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
@@ -780,6 +736,18 @@ static void upload_pack(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant", var))
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp("uploadpack.keepalive", var)) {
+		keepalive = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (!keepalive)
+			keepalive = -1;
+	}
+	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *dir;
@@ -831,8 +799,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
 	if (is_repository_shallow())
 		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
-	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
-		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 	upload_pack();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/urlmatch.c b/urlmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec87cba750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+#define URL_ALPHA "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define URL_DIGIT "0123456789"
+#define URL_ALPHADIGIT URL_ALPHA URL_DIGIT
+#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT "+.-"
+#define URL_HOST_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT ".-[:]" /* IPv6 literals need [:] */
+#define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS " <>\"%{}|\\^`" /* plus 0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF */
+#define URL_GEN_RESERVED ":/?#[]@"
+#define URL_SUB_RESERVED "!$&'()*+,;="
+#define URL_RESERVED URL_GEN_RESERVED URL_SUB_RESERVED /* only allowed delims */
+
+static int append_normalized_escapes(struct strbuf *buf,
+				     const char *from,
+				     size_t from_len,
+				     const char *esc_extra,
+				     const char *esc_ok)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Append to strbuf 'buf' characters from string 'from' with length
+	 * 'from_len' while unescaping characters that do not need to be escaped
+	 * and escaping characters that do.  The set of characters to escape
+	 * (the complement of which is unescaped) starts out as the RFC 3986
+	 * unsafe characters (0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF," <>\"#%{}|\\^`").  If
+	 * 'esc_extra' is not NULL, those additional characters will also always
+	 * be escaped.  If 'esc_ok' is not NULL, those characters will be left
+	 * escaped if found that way, but will not be unescaped otherwise (used
+	 * for delimiters).  If a %-escape sequence is encountered that is not
+	 * followed by 2 hexadecimal digits, the sequence is invalid and
+	 * false (0) will be returned.  Otherwise true (1) will be returned for
+	 * success.
+	 *
+	 * Note that all %-escape sequences will be normalized to UPPERCASE
+	 * as indicated in RFC 3986.  Unless included in esc_extra or esc_ok
+	 * alphanumerics and "-._~" will always be unescaped as per RFC 3986.
+	 */
+
+	while (from_len) {
+		int ch = *from++;
+		int was_esc = 0;
+
+		from_len--;
+		if (ch == '%') {
+			if (from_len < 2 ||
+			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)from[0]) ||
+			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)from[1]))
+				return 0;
+			ch = hexval_table[(unsigned char)*from++] << 4;
+			ch |= hexval_table[(unsigned char)*from++];
+			from_len -= 2;
+			was_esc = 1;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned char)ch <= 0x1F || (unsigned char)ch >= 0x7F ||
+		    strchr(URL_UNSAFE_CHARS, ch) ||
+		    (esc_extra && strchr(esc_extra, ch)) ||
+		    (was_esc && strchr(esc_ok, ch)))
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%%%02X", (unsigned char)ch);
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(buf, ch);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+char *url_normalize(const char *url, struct url_info *out_info)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Normalize NUL-terminated url using the following rules:
+	 *
+	 * 1. Case-insensitive parts of url will be converted to lower case
+	 * 2. %-encoded characters that do not need to be will be unencoded
+	 * 3. Characters that are not %-encoded and must be will be encoded
+	 * 4. All %-encodings will be converted to upper case hexadecimal
+	 * 5. Leading 0s are removed from port numbers
+	 * 6. If the default port for the scheme is given it will be removed
+	 * 7. A path part (including empty) not starting with '/' has one added
+	 * 8. Any dot segments (. or ..) in the path are resolved and removed
+	 * 9. IPv6 host literals are allowed (but not normalized or validated)
+	 *
+	 * The rules are based on information in RFC 3986.
+	 *
+	 * Please note this function requires a full URL including a scheme
+	 * and host part (except for file: URLs which may have an empty host).
+	 *
+	 * The return value is a newly allocated string that must be freed
+	 * or NULL if the url is not valid.
+	 *
+	 * If out_info is non-NULL, the url and err fields therein will always
+	 * be set.  If a non-NULL value is returned, it will be stored in
+	 * out_info->url as well, out_info->err will be set to NULL and the
+	 * other fields of *out_info will also be filled in.  If a NULL value
+	 * is returned, NULL will be stored in out_info->url and out_info->err
+	 * will be set to a brief, translated, error message, but no other
+	 * fields will be filled in.
+	 *
+	 * This is NOT a URL validation function.  Full URL validation is NOT
+	 * performed.  Some invalid host names are passed through this function
+	 * undetected.  However, most all other problems that make a URL invalid
+	 * will be detected (including a missing host for non file: URLs).
+	 */
+
+	size_t url_len = strlen(url);
+	struct strbuf norm;
+	size_t spanned;
+	size_t scheme_len, user_off=0, user_len=0, passwd_off=0, passwd_len=0;
+	size_t host_off=0, host_len=0, port_len=0, path_off, path_len, result_len;
+	const char *slash_ptr, *at_ptr, *colon_ptr, *path_start;
+	char *result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy lowercased scheme and :// suffix, %-escapes are not allowed
+	 * First character of scheme must be URL_ALPHA
+	 */
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);
+	if (!spanned || !isalpha(url[0]) || spanned + 3 > url_len ||
+	    url[spanned] != ':' || url[spanned+1] != '/' || url[spanned+2] != '/') {
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix");
+		}
+		return NULL; /* Bad scheme and/or missing "://" part */
+	}
+	strbuf_init(&norm, url_len);
+	scheme_len = spanned;
+	spanned += 3;
+	url_len -= spanned;
+	while (spanned--)
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy any username:password if present normalizing %-escapes
+	 */
+	at_ptr = strchr(url, '@');
+	slash_ptr = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+	if (at_ptr && at_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		user_off = norm.len;
+		if (at_ptr > url) {
+			if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, at_ptr - url,
+						       "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			colon_ptr = strchr(norm.buf + scheme_len + 3, ':');
+			if (colon_ptr) {
+				passwd_off = (colon_ptr + 1) - norm.buf;
+				passwd_len = norm.len - passwd_off;
+				user_len = (passwd_off - 1) - (scheme_len + 3);
+			} else {
+				user_len = norm.len - (scheme_len + 3);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, '@');
+		url_len -= (++at_ptr - url);
+		url = at_ptr;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the host part excluding any port part, no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (!url_len || strchr(":/?#", *url)) {
+		/* Missing host invalid for all URL schemes except file */
+		if (strncmp(norm.buf, "file:", 5)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("missing host and scheme is not 'file:'");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		host_off = norm.len;
+	}
+	colon_ptr = slash_ptr - 1;
+	while (colon_ptr > url && *colon_ptr != ':' && *colon_ptr != ']')
+		colon_ptr--;
+	if (*colon_ptr != ':') {
+		colon_ptr = slash_ptr;
+	} else if (!host_off && colon_ptr < slash_ptr && colon_ptr + 1 != slash_ptr) {
+		/* file: URLs may not have a port number */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("a 'file:' URL may not have a port number");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_HOST_CHARS);
+	if (spanned < colon_ptr - url) {
+		/* Host name has invalid characters */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid characters in host name");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while (url < colon_ptr) {
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+		url_len--;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the port part and copy if not the default (after removing any
+	 * leading 0s); no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (colon_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		/* skip the ':' and leading 0s but not the last one if all 0s */
+		url++;
+		url += strspn(url, "0");
+		if (url == slash_ptr && url[-1] == '0')
+			url--;
+		if (url == slash_ptr) {
+			/* Skip ":" port with no number, it's same as default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 2 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "http:", 5) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "80", 2)) {
+			/* Skip http :80 as it's the default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 3 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "https:", 6) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "443", 3)) {
+			/* Skip https :443 as it's the default */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Port number must be all digits with leading 0s removed
+			 * and since all the protocols we deal with have a 16-bit
+			 * port number it must also be in the range 1..65535
+			 * 0 is not allowed because that means "next available"
+			 * on just about every system and therefore cannot be used
+			 */
+			unsigned long pnum = 0;
+			spanned = strspn(url, URL_DIGIT);
+			if (spanned < slash_ptr - url) {
+				/* port number has invalid characters */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if (slash_ptr - url <= 5)
+				pnum = strtoul(url, NULL, 10);
+			if (pnum == 0 || pnum > 65535) {
+				/* port number not in range 1..65535 */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, ':');
+			strbuf_add(&norm, url, slash_ptr - url);
+			port_len = slash_ptr - url;
+		}
+		url_len -= slash_ptr - colon_ptr;
+		url = slash_ptr;
+	}
+	if (host_off)
+		host_len = norm.len - host_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now copy the path resolving any . and .. segments being careful not
+	 * to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters, but do add an
+	 * initial '/' if it's missing and do normalize any %-escape sequences.
+	 */
+	path_off = norm.len;
+	path_start = norm.buf + path_off;
+	strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	if (*url == '/') {
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *seg_start;
+		size_t seg_start_off = norm.len;
+		const char *next_slash = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+		int skip_add_slash = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * RFC 3689 indicates that any . or .. segments should be
+		 * unescaped before being checked for.
+		 */
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, next_slash - url, "",
+					       URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		seg_start = norm.buf + seg_start_off;
+		if (!strcmp(seg_start, ".")) {
+			/* ignore a . segment; be careful not to remove initial '/' */
+			if (seg_start == path_start + 1) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 2);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(seg_start, "..")) {
+			/*
+			 * ignore a .. segment and remove the previous segment;
+			 * be careful not to remove initial '/' from path
+			 */
+			const char *prev_slash = norm.buf + norm.len - 3;
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				/* invalid .. because no previous segment to remove */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid '..' path segment");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			while (*--prev_slash != '/') {}
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf + 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf);
+			}
+		}
+		url_len -= next_slash - url;
+		url = next_slash;
+		/* if the next char is not '/' done with the path */
+		if (*url != '/')
+			break;
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+		if (!skip_add_slash)
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	}
+	path_len = norm.len - path_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now simply copy the rest, if any, only normalizing %-escapes and
+	 * being careful not to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters.
+	 */
+	if (*url) {
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, url_len, "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	result = strbuf_detach(&norm, &result_len);
+	if (out_info) {
+		out_info->url = result;
+		out_info->err = NULL;
+		out_info->url_len = result_len;
+		out_info->scheme_len = scheme_len;
+		out_info->user_off = user_off;
+		out_info->user_len = user_len;
+		out_info->passwd_off = passwd_off;
+		out_info->passwd_len = passwd_len;
+		out_info->host_off = host_off;
+		out_info->host_len = host_len;
+		out_info->port_len = port_len;
+		out_info->path_off = path_off;
+		out_info->path_len = path_len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static size_t url_match_prefix(const char *url,
+			       const char *url_prefix,
+			       size_t url_prefix_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if url_prefix is an exact match for url or it
+	 * is a prefix of url and the match ends on a path component boundary.
+	 * Both url and url_prefix are considered to have an implicit '/' on the
+	 * end for matching purposes if they do not already.
+	 *
+	 * url must be NUL terminated.  url_prefix_len is the length of
+	 * url_prefix which need not be NUL terminated.
+	 *
+	 * The return value is the length of the match in characters (including
+	 * the final '/' even if it's implicit) or 0 for no match.
+	 *
+	 * Passing NULL as url and/or url_prefix will always cause 0 to be
+	 * returned without causing any faults.
+	 */
+	if (!url || !url_prefix)
+		return 0;
+	if (!url_prefix_len || (url_prefix_len == 1 && *url_prefix == '/'))
+		return (!*url || *url == '/') ? 1 : 0;
+	if (url_prefix[url_prefix_len - 1] == '/')
+		url_prefix_len--;
+	if (strncmp(url, url_prefix, url_prefix_len))
+		return 0;
+	if ((strlen(url) == url_prefix_len) || (url[url_prefix_len] == '/'))
+		return url_prefix_len + 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_urls(const struct url_info *url,
+	       const struct url_info *url_prefix,
+	       int *exactusermatch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if the scheme, host and port of url_prefix
+	 * are the same as those of url and the path portion of url_prefix
+	 * is the same as the path portion of url or it is a prefix that
+	 * matches at a '/' boundary.  If url_prefix contains a user name,
+	 * that must also exactly match the user name in url.
+	 *
+	 * If the user, host, port and path match in this fashion, the returned
+	 * value is the length of the path match including any implicit
+	 * final '/'.  For example, "http://me@example.com/path" is matched by
+	 * "http://example.com" with a path length of 1.
+	 *
+	 * If there is a match and exactusermatch is not NULL, then
+	 * *exactusermatch will be set to true if both url and url_prefix
+	 * contained a user name or false if url_prefix did not have a
+	 * user name.  If there is no match *exactusermatch is left untouched.
+	 */
+	int usermatched = 0;
+	int pathmatchlen;
+
+	if (!url || !url_prefix || !url->url || !url_prefix->url)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* check the scheme */
+	if (url_prefix->scheme_len != url->scheme_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url, url_prefix->url, url->scheme_len))
+		return 0; /* schemes do not match */
+
+	/* check the user name if url_prefix has one */
+	if (url_prefix->user_off) {
+		if (!url->user_off || url->user_len != url_prefix->user_len ||
+		    strncmp(url->url + url->user_off,
+			    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->user_off,
+			    url->user_len))
+			return 0; /* url_prefix has a user but it's not a match */
+		usermatched = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* check the host and port */
+	if (url_prefix->host_len != url->host_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url + url->host_off,
+		    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->host_off, url->host_len))
+		return 0; /* host names and/or ports do not match */
+
+	/* check the path */
+	pathmatchlen = url_match_prefix(
+		url->url + url->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url + url_prefix->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url_len - url_prefix->path_off);
+
+	if (pathmatchlen && exactusermatch)
+		*exactusermatch = usermatched;
+	return pathmatchlen;
+}
+
+int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config *collect = cb;
+	struct urlmatch_item *matched;
+	struct url_info *url = &collect->url;
+	const char *key, *dot;
+	struct strbuf synthkey = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t matched_len = 0;
+	int user_matched = 0;
+	int retval;
+
+	key = skip_prefix(var, collect->section);
+	if (!key || *(key++) != '.') {
+		if (collect->cascade_fn)
+			return collect->cascade_fn(var, value, cb);
+		return 0; /* not interested */
+	}
+	dot = strrchr(key, '.');
+	if (dot) {
+		char *config_url, *norm_url;
+		struct url_info norm_info;
+
+		config_url = xmemdupz(key, dot - key);
+		norm_url = url_normalize(config_url, &norm_info);
+		free(config_url);
+		if (!norm_url)
+			return 0;
+		matched_len = match_urls(url, &norm_info, &user_matched);
+		free(norm_url);
+		if (!matched_len)
+			return 0;
+		key = dot + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (collect->key && strcmp(key, collect->key))
+		return 0;
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&collect->vars, key);
+	if (!item->util) {
+		matched = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*matched));
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		matched = item->util;
+		/*
+		 * Is our match shorter?  Is our match the same
+		 * length, and without user while the current
+		 * candidate is with user?  Then we cannot use it.
+		 */
+		if (matched_len < matched->matched_len ||
+		    ((matched_len == matched->matched_len) &&
+		     (!user_matched && matched->user_matched)))
+			return 0;
+		/* Otherwise, replace it with this one. */
+	}
+
+	matched->matched_len = matched_len;
+	matched->user_matched = user_matched;
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, collect->section);
+	strbuf_addch(&synthkey, '.');
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, key);
+	retval = collect->collect_fn(synthkey.buf, value, collect->cb);
+
+	strbuf_release(&synthkey);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/urlmatch.h b/urlmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b461dfd3df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef URL_MATCH_H
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct url_info {
+	/* normalized url on success, must be freed, otherwise NULL */
+	char *url;
+	/* if !url, a brief reason for the failure, otherwise NULL */
+	const char *err;
+
+	/* the rest of the fields are only set if url != NULL */
+
+	size_t url_len;		/* total length of url (which is now normalized) */
+	size_t scheme_len;	/* length of scheme name (excluding final :) */
+	size_t user_off;	/* offset into url to start of user name (0 => none) */
+	size_t user_len;	/* length of user name; if user_off != 0 but
+				   user_len == 0, an empty user name was given */
+	size_t passwd_off;	/* offset into url to start of passwd (0 => none) */
+	size_t passwd_len;	/* length of passwd; if passwd_off != 0 but
+				   passwd_len == 0, an empty passwd was given */
+	size_t host_off;	/* offset into url to start of host name (0 => none) */
+	size_t host_len;	/* length of host name; this INCLUDES any ':portnum';
+				 * file urls may have host_len == 0 */
+	size_t port_len;	/* if a portnum is present (port_len != 0), it has
+				 * this length (excluding the leading ':') at the
+				 * end of the host name (always 0 for file urls) */
+	size_t path_off;	/* offset into url to the start of the url path;
+				 * this will always point to a '/' character
+				 * after the url has been normalized */
+	size_t path_len;	/* length of path portion excluding any trailing
+				 * '?...' and '#...' portion; will always be >= 1 */
+};
+
+extern char *url_normalize(const char *, struct url_info *);
+extern int match_urls(const struct url_info *url, const struct url_info *url_prefix, int *exactusermatch);
+
+struct urlmatch_item {
+	size_t matched_len;
+	char user_matched;
+};
+
+struct urlmatch_config {
+	struct string_list vars;
+	struct url_info url;
+	const char *section;
+	const char *key;
+
+	void *cb;
+	int (*collect_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+	int (*cascade_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+};
+
+extern int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+
+#endif /* URL_MATCH_H */
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
index 8eab28113a..ed146453ca 100644
--- a/usage.c
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static int dying;
-
 void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params)
 {
 	char msg[4096];
@@ -49,12 +47,19 @@ static void warn_builtin(const char *warn, va_list params)
 	vreportf("warning: ", warn, params);
 }
 
+static int die_is_recursing_builtin(void)
+{
+	static int dying;
+	return dying++;
+}
+
 /* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
  * (ugh), so keep things static. */
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
 static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
 static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+static int (*die_is_recursing)(void) = die_is_recursing_builtin;
 
 void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 {
@@ -66,6 +71,11 @@ void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 	error_routine = routine;
 }
 
+void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void))
+{
+	die_is_recursing = routine;
+}
+
 void NORETURN usagef(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -84,11 +94,10 @@ void NORETURN die(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
 
-	if (dying) {
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
 		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die handler\n", stderr);
 		exit(128);
 	}
-	dying = 1;
 
 	va_start(params, err);
 	die_routine(err, params);
@@ -102,12 +111,11 @@ void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
 	char str_error[256], *err;
 	int i, j;
 
-	if (dying) {
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
 		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die_errno handler\n",
 			stderr);
 		exit(128);
 	}
-	dying = 1;
 
 	err = strerror(errno);
 	for (i = j = 0; err[i] && j < sizeof(str_error) - 1; ) {
@@ -130,6 +138,7 @@ void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+#undef error
 int error(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index ed958ef6b8..ea43a0306f 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -184,35 +184,6 @@ static struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_namelen(const char *k, int len)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
-		const char *value, const char *type)
-{
-	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-	const char *dot;
-	const char *name;
-	int namelen;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
-		return NULL;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 4)
-		return NULL;
-	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = var + 5;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
-	if (!drv) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
-		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
-		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
-		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
-		drv->binary = -1;
-	}
-	return drv;
-}
-
 static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
 		const char *v, int cflags)
 {
@@ -240,20 +211,34 @@ static int parse_bool(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
 int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *name, *type;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(k, "diff", &name, &namelen, &type) || !name)
+		return 0;
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
 
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "funcname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "xfuncname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "binary"))
 		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "command"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->external, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "textconv"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "cachetextconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "cachetextconv"))
 		return parse_bool(&drv->textconv_want_cache, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 5c61bbe113..0d20e0acb2 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -9,6 +9,20 @@ struct interval {
   int last;
 };
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
 /* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
 static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
@@ -252,18 +266,26 @@ int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p)
  * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
  * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
  */
-int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi)
 {
 	int width = 0;
 	const char *orig = string;
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!string)
-			return strlen(orig);
-		if (!*string)
-			return width;
+	if (len == -1)
+		len = strlen(string);
+	while (string && string < orig + len) {
+		int skip;
+		while (skip_ansi &&
+		       (skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(string)) != 0)
+			string += skip;
 		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
 	}
+	return string ? width : len;
+}
+
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	return utf8_strnwidth(string, -1, 0);
 }
 
 int is_utf8(const char *text)
@@ -303,27 +325,13 @@ static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
 	}
 }
 
-static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
-{
-	const char *p = s;
-	if (*p++ != '\033')
-		return 0;
-	if (*p++ != '[')
-		return 0;
-	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
-		p++;
-	if (*p++ != 'm')
-		return 0;
-	return p - s;
-}
-
 /*
  * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
  * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
  * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
  * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
  */
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent1, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	int indent, w, assume_utf8 = 1;
@@ -332,7 +340,7 @@ int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 
 	if (width <= 0) {
 		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent1, indent2);
-		return 1;
+		return;
 	}
 
 retry:
@@ -356,14 +364,14 @@ retry:
 			if (w <= width || !space) {
 				const char *start = bol;
 				if (!c && text == start)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				if (space)
 					start = space;
 				else
 					strbuf_addchars(buf, ' ', indent);
 				strbuf_add(buf, start, text - start);
 				if (!c)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				space = text;
 				if (c == '\t')
 					w |= 0x07;
@@ -405,13 +413,58 @@ new_line:
 	}
 }
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	char *tmp = xstrndup(data, len);
-	int r = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
 	free(tmp);
-	return r;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb_src, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *src = sb_src->buf;
+	char *end = src + sb_src->len;
+	char *dst;
+	int w = 0, subst_len = 0;
+
+	if (subst)
+		subst_len = strlen(subst);
+	strbuf_grow(&sb_dst, sb_src->len + subst_len);
+	dst = sb_dst.buf;
+
+	while (src < end) {
+		char *old;
+		size_t n;
+
+		while ((n = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(src))) {
+			memcpy(dst, src, n);
+			src += n;
+			dst += n;
+		}
+
+		old = src;
+		n = utf8_width((const char**)&src, NULL);
+		if (!src) 	/* broken utf-8, do nothing */
+			return;
+		if (n && w >= pos && w < pos + width) {
+			if (subst) {
+				memcpy(dst, subst, subst_len);
+				dst += subst_len;
+				subst = NULL;
+			}
+			w += n;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(dst, old, src - old);
+		dst += src - old;
+		w += n;
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&sb_dst, dst - sb_dst.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(sb_src, &sb_dst);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_dst);
 }
 
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
@@ -431,6 +484,27 @@ int same_encoding(const char *src, const char *dst)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Wrapper for fprintf and returns the total number of columns required
+ * for the printed string, assuming that the string is utf8.
+ */
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list arg;
+	int columns;
+
+	va_start(arg, format);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	columns = fputs(buf.buf, stream);
+	if (0 <= columns) /* keep the error from the I/O */
+		columns = utf8_strwidth(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return columns;
+}
+
+/*
  * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
  * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
  */
@@ -440,7 +514,7 @@ int same_encoding(const char *src, const char *dst)
 #else
 	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
 #endif
-char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv)
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv, int *outsz_p)
 {
 	size_t outsz, outalloc;
 	char *out, *outpos;
@@ -474,24 +548,83 @@ char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv)
 		}
 		else {
 			*outpos = '\0';
+			if (outsz_p)
+				*outsz_p = outpos - out;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	return out;
 }
 
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz)
 {
 	iconv_t conv;
 	char *out;
 
 	if (!in_encoding)
 		return NULL;
+
 	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
-	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
-		return NULL;
-	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, strlen(in), conv);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1) {
+		/*
+		 * Some platforms do not have the variously spelled variants of
+		 * UTF-8, so let's fall back to trying the most official
+		 * spelling. We do so only as a fallback in case the platform
+		 * does understand the user's spelling, but not our official
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(in_encoding))
+			in_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(out_encoding))
+			out_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+		if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, insz, conv, outsz);
 	iconv_close(conv);
 	return out;
 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Returns first character length in bytes for multi-byte `text` according to
+ * `encoding`.
+ *
+ * - The `text` pointer is updated to point at the next character.
+ * - When `remainder_p` is not NULL, on entry `*remainder_p` is how much bytes
+ *   we can consume from text, and on exit `*remainder_p` is reduced by returned
+ *   character length. Otherwise `text` is treated as limited by NUL.
+ */
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding)
+{
+	int chrlen;
+	const char *p = *text;
+	size_t r = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : SIZE_MAX);
+
+	if (r < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		pick_one_utf8_char(&p, &r);
+
+		chrlen = p ? (p - *text)
+			   : 1 /* not valid UTF-8 -> raw byte sequence */;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * TODO use iconv to decode one char and obtain its chrlen
+		 * for now, let's treat encodings != UTF-8 as one-byte
+		 */
+		chrlen = 1;
+	}
+
+	*text += chrlen;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p -= chrlen;
+
+	return chrlen;
+}
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
index 93ef60042c..65d0e42b96 100644
--- a/utf8.h
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -3,22 +3,43 @@
 
 typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s);
 int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi);
 int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
 int is_utf8(const char *text);
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
 int same_encoding(const char *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width);
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst);
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
-char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv);
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz,
+			    iconv_t conv, int *outsz);
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding,
+			  const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz);
 #else
-#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+#define reencode_string_len(a,b,c,d,e) NULL
 #endif
 
+static inline char *reencode_string(const char *in,
+				    const char *out_encoding,
+				    const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	return reencode_string_len(in, strlen(in),
+				   out_encoding, in_encoding,
+				   NULL);
+}
+
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
index be389dc9bf..633596e06f 100644
--- a/walker.c
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ static int process_tree(struct walker *walker, struct tree *tree)
 		if (!obj || process(walker, obj))
 			return -1;
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
-	tree->size = 0;
-	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f91ba99f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+**  Do shell-style pattern matching for ?, \, [], and * characters.
+**  It is 8bit clean.
+**
+**  Written by Rich $alz, mirror!rs, Wed Nov 26 19:03:17 EST 1986.
+**  Rich $alz is now <rsalz@bbn.com>.
+**
+**  Modified by Wayne Davison to special-case '/' matching, to make '**'
+**  work differently than '*', and to fix the character-class code.
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+/* What character marks an inverted character class? */
+#define NEGATE_CLASS	'!'
+#define NEGATE_CLASS2	'^'
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+# define ISASCII(c) 1
+#else
+# define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+# define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII(c) && isblank(c))
+#else
+# define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isgraph
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isgraph(c))
+#else
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isdigit(c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalnum(c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalpha(c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII(c) && iscntrl(c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII(c) && islower(c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII(c) && ispunct(c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII(c) && isspace(c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII(c) && isupper(c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isxdigit(c))
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else
+					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char*)text, '/') != NULL)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+#ifdef NEGATE_CLASS2
+			if (p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS2)
+				p_ch = NEGATE_CLASS;
+#endif
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags, struct wildopts *wo)
+{
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4090c8f4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef WILDMATCH_H
+#define WILDMATCH_H
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+struct wildopts;
+
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags,
+	      struct wildopts *wo);
+#endif
diff --git a/wrap-for-bin.sh b/wrap-for-bin.sh
index 53a8dd0a3f..701d2339b9 100644
--- a/wrap-for-bin.sh
+++ b/wrap-for-bin.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ else
 	GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/templates/blt'
 	export GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR
 fi
-GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'
+GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
 GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/po/build/locale'
 PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@/bin-wrappers:'"$PATH"
 export GIT_EXEC_PATH GITPERLLIB PATH GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index 68739aaa3b..f92b147598 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -131,6 +131,14 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Limit size of IO chunks, because huge chunks only cause pain.  OS X
+ * 64-bit is buggy, returning EINVAL if len >= INT_MAX; and even in
+ * the absense of bugs, large chunks can result in bad latencies when
+ * you decide to kill the process.
+ */
+#define MAX_IO_SIZE (8*1024*1024)
+
+/*
  * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
  * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
  * DOES NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
@@ -138,6 +146,8 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = read(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -154,6 +164,8 @@ ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = write(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ int xmkstemp(char *template)
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		const char *nonrelative_template;
 
-		if (!template[0])
+		if (strlen(template) != strlen(origtemplate))
 			template = origtemplate;
 
 		nonrelative_template = absolute_path(template);
@@ -322,7 +334,7 @@ int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode)
 		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
 
 		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
-		if (fd > 0)
+		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 		/*
 		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
@@ -408,14 +420,28 @@ void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path)
 	warning(_("unable to access '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode)
+static int access_error_is_ok(int err, unsigned flag)
+{
+	return err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR ||
+		((flag & ACCESS_EACCES_OK) && err == EACCES);
+}
+
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
 {
 	int ret = access(path, mode);
-	if (ret && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
 		warn_on_inaccessible(path);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		die_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void)
 {
 	struct passwd *pw;
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
index 960f448cff..b50f99a936 100644
--- a/write_or_die.c
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static void check_pipe(int err)
+{
+	if (err == EPIPE) {
+		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(SIGPIPE);
+		/* Should never happen, but just in case... */
+		exit(141);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
  * to get error handling (and to get better interactive
@@ -34,8 +44,7 @@ void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *f, const char *desc)
 			return;
 	}
 	if (fflush(f)) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
 	}
 }
@@ -50,8 +59,7 @@ void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
 void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write error");
 	}
 }
@@ -59,8 +67,7 @@ void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
 			msg, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 2a9658bad4..cbdce72651 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "wt-status.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
@@ -45,9 +47,11 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 
 	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
 	if (!sb.len) {
-		strbuf_addch(&sb, '#');
-		if (!trail)
-			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, comment_line_char);
+			if (!trail)
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		}
 		color_print_strbuf(s->fp, color, &sb);
 		if (trail)
 			fprintf(s->fp, "%s", trail);
@@ -58,8 +62,8 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 		eol = strchr(line, '\n');
 
 		strbuf_reset(&linebuf);
-		if (at_bol) {
-			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, '#');
+		if (at_bol && s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, comment_line_char);
 			if (*line != '\n' && *line != '\t')
 				strbuf_addch(&linebuf, ' ');
 		}
@@ -127,6 +131,8 @@ void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)
 	s->change.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->untracked.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->ignored.strdup_strings = 1;
+	s->show_branch = -1;  /* unspecified */
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 0;
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		;
@@ -186,7 +192,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		; /* NEEDSWORK: use "git reset --unresolve"??? */
@@ -204,7 +210,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (!has_deleted)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"), how);
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
@@ -243,7 +249,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *one, *how = _("bug");
 
-	one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 	switch (d->stagemask) {
 	case 1: how = _("both deleted:"); break;
@@ -264,7 +270,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
-	int status = status;
+	int status;
 	char *one_name;
 	char *two_name;
 	const char *one, *two;
@@ -292,10 +298,13 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 		}
 		status = d->worktree_status;
 		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
+		    change_type);
 	}
 
-	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
-	two = quote_path(two_name, -1, &twobuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(one_name, s->prefix, &onebuf);
+	two = quote_path(two_name, s->prefix, &twobuf);
 
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 	switch (status) {
@@ -368,7 +377,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changed_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 static int unmerged_mask(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, mask;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 	if (0 <= pos)
@@ -434,7 +443,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(struct wt_status *s)
 	}
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
 }
 
@@ -459,22 +468,20 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 200;
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int i;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, s->pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &s->pathspec))
 			continue;
 		it = string_list_insert(&s->change, ce->name);
 		d = it->util;
@@ -489,45 +496,57 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 		else
 			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct timeval t_begin;
 
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option)
+		gettimeofday(&t_begin, NULL);
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	if (s->show_ignored_files)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO;
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &s->pathspec);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-		    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+		    match_pathspec_depth(&s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
 			string_list_insert(&s->untracked, ent->name);
 		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	if (s->show_ignored_files) {
-		dir.nr = 0;
-		dir.flags = DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
-		fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-			struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-			if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-			    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
-				string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-			free(ent);
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
+		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
+		    match_pathspec_depth(&s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
+		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	free(dir.entries);
+	free(dir.ignored);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option) {
+		struct timeval t_end;
+		gettimeofday(&t_end, NULL);
+		s->untracked_in_ms =
+			(uint64_t)t_end.tv_sec * 1000 + t_end.tv_usec / 1000 -
+			((uint64_t)t_begin.tv_sec * 1000 + t_begin.tv_usec / 1000);
+	}
 }
 
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -646,29 +665,57 @@ static void wt_status_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitt
 	char summary_limit[64];
 	char index[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *env[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	const char *argv[8];
-
-	env[0] =	index;
-	argv[0] =	"submodule";
-	argv[1] =	"summary";
-	argv[2] =	uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached";
-	argv[3] =	"--for-status";
-	argv[4] =	"--summary-limit";
-	argv[5] =	summary_limit;
-	argv[6] =	uncommitted ? NULL : (s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
-	argv[7] =	NULL;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cmd_stdout = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf summary = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *summary_content;
+	size_t len;
 
 	sprintf(summary_limit, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
 	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
 
+	env[0] = index;
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "submodule");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "summary");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--for-status");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--summary-limit");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, summary_limit);
+	if (!uncommitted)
+		argv_array_push(&argv, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
+
 	memset(&sm_summary, 0, sizeof(sm_summary));
-	sm_summary.argv = argv;
+	sm_summary.argv = argv.argv;
 	sm_summary.env = env;
 	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
 	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
 	fflush(s->fp);
-	sm_summary.out = dup(fileno(s->fp));    /* run_command closes it */
+	sm_summary.out = -1;
+
 	run_command(&sm_summary);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&cmd_stdout, sm_summary.out, 1024);
+
+	/* prepend header, only if there's an actual output */
+	if (len) {
+		if (uncommitted)
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodules changed but not updated:"));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodule changes to be committed:"));
+		strbuf_addstr(&summary, "\n\n");
+	}
+	strbuf_addbuf(&summary, &cmd_stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&cmd_stdout);
+
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		summary_content = strbuf_detach(&summary, &len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&summary, summary_content, len);
+		free(summary_content);
+	}
+
+	fputs(summary.buf, s->fp);
+	strbuf_release(&summary);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -690,8 +737,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		const char *path;
 		it = &(l->items[i]);
-		path = quote_path(it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				  &buf, s->prefix);
+		path = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf);
 		if (column_active(s->colopts)) {
 			string_list_append(&output, path);
 			continue;
@@ -703,10 +749,11 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (!column_active(s->colopts))
-		return;
+		goto conclude;
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s#\t%s",
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s\t%s",
 		    color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
+		    s->display_comment_prefix ? "#" : "",
 		    color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s));
 	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
 	copts.padding = 1;
@@ -716,6 +763,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 	print_columns(&output, s->colopts, &copts);
 	string_list_clear(&output, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+conclude:
+	status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -750,6 +799,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *cp, *ep;
 	struct branch *branch;
+	char comment_line_string[3];
+	int i;
 
 	assert(s->branch && !s->is_initial);
 	if (prefixcmp(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
@@ -758,10 +809,22 @@ static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
 		return;
 
+	i = 0;
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		comment_line_string[i++] = comment_line_char;
+		comment_line_string[i++] = ' ';
+	}
+	comment_line_string[i] = '\0';
+
 	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
 		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
-				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+				 "%s%.*s", comment_line_string,
+				 (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%c",
+				 comment_line_char);
+	else
+		fprintf_ln(s->fp, "");
 }
 
 static int has_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -783,13 +846,13 @@ static void show_merge_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You have unmerged paths."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
 	} else {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
 	}
@@ -805,10 +868,10 @@ static void show_am_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 	if (state->am_empty_patch)
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("The current patch is empty."));
-	if (advice_status_hints) {
+	if (s->hints) {
 		if (!state->am_empty_patch)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"));
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"));
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -870,8 +933,15 @@ static void show_rebase_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently rebasing."));
-		if (advice_status_hints) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints) {
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -880,18 +950,39 @@ static void show_rebase_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 				_("  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"));
 		}
 	} else if (state->rebase_in_progress || !stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &st)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently rebasing."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 	} else if (split_commit_in_progress(s)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 	} else {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
-		if (advice_status_hints && !s->amend) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints && !s->amend) {
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"));
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -906,13 +997,34 @@ static void show_cherry_pick_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 					const char *color)
 {
 	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking."));
-	if (advice_status_hints) {
+	if (s->hints) {
 		if (has_unmerged(s))
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently reverting commit %s."),
+			 find_unique_abbrev(state->revert_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"));
 		else
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"));
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
 	}
 	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 }
@@ -921,58 +1033,186 @@ static void show_bisect_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
 				struct wt_status_state *state,
 				const char *color)
 {
-	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently bisecting."));
-	if (advice_status_hints)
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."),
+				 state->branch);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting."));
+	if (s->hints)
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
 	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 }
 
-static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s)
+/*
+ * Extract branch information from rebase/bisect
+ */
+static char *read_and_strip_branch(const char *path)
 {
-	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
-	struct wt_status_state state;
-	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("%s", path), 0) <= 0)
+		goto got_nothing;
+
+	while (&sb.len && sb.buf[sb.len - 1] == '\n')
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, sb.len - 1);
+	if (!sb.len)
+		goto got_nothing;
+	if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/heads/"))
+		strbuf_remove(&sb,0, strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/"))
+		;
+	else if (!get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1)) {
+		const char *abbrev;
+		abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, abbrev);
+	} else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "detached HEAD")) /* rebase */
+		goto got_nothing;
+	else			/* bisect */
+		;
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+got_nothing:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+};
+
+static int grab_1st_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			   const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *target = NULL, *end;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from "))
+		return 0;
+	message += strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	target = strstr(message, " to ");
+	if (!target)
+		return 0;
+	target += strlen(" to ");
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	for (end = target; *end && *end != '\n'; end++)
+		;
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf, target, end - target);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_get_detached_from(struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata cb;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *ref = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 0);
+	if (for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_1st_switch, &cb) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dwim_ref(cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len, sha1, &ref) == 1 &&
+	    /* sha1 is a commit? match without further lookup */
+	    (!hashcmp(cb.nsha1, sha1) ||
+	     /* perhaps sha1 is a tag, try to dereference to a commit */
+	     ((commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) != NULL &&
+	      !hashcmp(cb.nsha1, commit->object.sha1)))) {
+		int ofs;
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/tags/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/tags/");
+		else if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/remotes/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/remotes/");
+		else
+			ofs = 0;
+		state->detached_from = xstrdup(ref + ofs);
+	} else
+		state->detached_from =
+			xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(cb.nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	hashcpy(state->detached_sha1, cb.nsha1);
+
+	free(ref);
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+}
+
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state,
+			 int get_detached_from)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), &st)) {
-		state.merge_in_progress = 1;
+		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply"), &st)) {
 		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/applying"), &st)) {
-			state.am_in_progress = 1;
+			state->am_in_progress = 1;
 			if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/patch"), &st) && !st.st_size)
-				state.am_empty_patch = 1;
+				state->am_empty_patch = 1;
 		} else {
-			state.rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/head-name");
+			state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/onto");
 		}
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge"), &st)) {
 		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge/interactive"), &st))
-			state.rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
 		else
-			state.rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/head-name");
+		state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/onto");
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"), &st)) {
-		state.cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
 	}
-	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st))
-		state.bisect_in_progress = 1;
-
-	if (state.merge_in_progress)
-		show_merge_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.am_in_progress)
-		show_am_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
-		show_rebase_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.cherry_pick_in_progress)
-		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	if (state.bisect_in_progress)
-		show_bisect_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
+	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st)) {
+		state->bisect_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("BISECT_START");
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"), &st) &&
+	    !get_sha1("REVERT_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->revert_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+
+	if (get_detached_from)
+		wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				  struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+		show_merge_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+		show_am_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->cherry_pick_in_progress)
+		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->revert_in_progress)
+		show_revert_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	if (state->bisect_in_progress)
+		show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
 }
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
 	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state,
+			    s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = _("On branch ");
@@ -980,9 +1220,22 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
 			branch_name += 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-			branch_name = "";
 			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-			on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+				on_what = _("rebase in progress; onto ");
+				branch_name = state.onto;
+			} else if (state.detached_from) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				branch_name = state.detached_from;
+				if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) &&
+				    !hashcmp(sha1, state.detached_sha1))
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached at ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached from ");
+			} else {
+				branch_name = "";
+				on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			}
 		}
 		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
@@ -991,7 +1244,11 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
 
-	wt_status_print_state(s);
+	wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+
 	if (s->is_initial) {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), _("Initial commit"));
@@ -1011,9 +1268,17 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 		if (s->show_ignored_files)
 			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
+		if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+					 _("It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+					   "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+					   "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."),
+					 s->untracked_in_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
 	} else if (s->commitable)
 		status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("Untracked files not listed%s"),
-			advice_status_hints
+			s->hints
 			? _(" (use -u option to show untracked files)") : "");
 
 	if (s->verbose)
@@ -1024,25 +1289,25 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 		else if (s->nowarn)
 			; /* nothing */
 		else if (s->workdir_dirty) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("no changes added to commit "
 					 "(use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("no changes added to commit\n"));
 		} else if (s->untracked.nr) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files "
 					 "present (use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"));
 		} else if (s->is_initial) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing to commit (create/copy files "
 					 "and use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
 		} else if (!s->show_untracked_files) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
@@ -1072,7 +1337,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(struct string_list_item *it,
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 	}
@@ -1100,7 +1365,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(struct string_list_item *it,
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
 		if (d->head_path) {
-			one = quote_path(d->head_path, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+			one = quote_path(d->head_path, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 			if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 				putchar('"');
 				strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -1109,7 +1374,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(struct string_list_item *it,
 			printf("%s -> ", one);
 			strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 		}
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 			putchar('"');
 			strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -1128,7 +1393,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_other(struct string_list_item *it,
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "%s", sign);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
@@ -1145,6 +1410,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *base;
 	const char *branch_name;
 	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "## ");
 
@@ -1162,20 +1428,37 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
 	if (s->is_initial)
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("Initial commit on "));
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "...");
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%s", base);
 
+	if (!upstream_is_gone && !num_ours && !num_theirs) {
+		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, " [");
-	if (!num_ours) {
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("gone"));
+	} else if (!num_ours) {
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("behind "));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	} else if (!num_theirs) {
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 236b41fd34..9341c569a5 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@ struct wt_status {
 	int is_initial;
 	char *branch;
 	const char *reference;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int verbose;
 	int amend;
 	enum commit_whence whence;
 	int nowarn;
 	int use_color;
+	int display_comment_prefix;
 	int relative_paths;
 	int submodule_summary;
 	int show_ignored_files;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ struct wt_status {
 	unsigned colopts;
 	int null_termination;
 	int show_branch;
+	int hints;
 
 	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
 	int commitable;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ struct wt_status {
 	struct string_list change;
 	struct string_list untracked;
 	struct string_list ignored;
+	uint32_t untracked_in_ms;
 };
 
 struct wt_status_state {
@@ -79,18 +82,25 @@ struct wt_status_state {
 	int rebase_interactive_in_progress;
 	int cherry_pick_in_progress;
 	int bisect_in_progress;
+	int revert_in_progress;
+	char *branch;
+	char *onto;
+	char *detached_from;
+	unsigned char detached_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char revert_head_sha1[20];
 };
 
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state, int get_detached_from);
 
 void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s);
 
-void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 #endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 219a3bbca6..c0339919cc 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK (XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF | XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 #define XDF_DIFF_ALG(x) ((x) & XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK)
 
+#define XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES (1 << 7)
+
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES (1 << 0)
 #define XDL_EMIT_COMMON (1 << 1)
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCCONTEXT (1 << 2)
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
index 1b7012a119..2358a2d632 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.c
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@ static xdchange_t *xdl_add_change(xdchange_t *xscr, long i1, long i2, long chg1,
 	xch->i2 = i2;
 	xch->chg1 = chg1;
 	xch->chg2 = chg2;
+	xch->ignore = 0;
 
 	return xch;
 }
@@ -490,7 +491,7 @@ int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 
 		/*
 		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
-		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 * the recorded position in the other file.
 		 */
 		while (ixref < ix) {
 			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
@@ -544,7 +545,9 @@ static int xdl_call_hunk_func(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
 
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 		if (xecfg->hunk_func(xch->i1, xche->i1 + xche->chg1 - xch->i1,
 				     xch->i2, xche->i2 + xche->chg2 - xch->i2,
 				     ecb->priv) < 0)
@@ -553,6 +556,27 @@ static int xdl_call_hunk_func(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void xdl_mark_ignorable(xdchange_t *xscr, xdfenv_t *xe, long flags)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xch->next) {
+		int ignore = 1;
+		xrecord_t **rec;
+		long i;
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf1.recs[xch->i1];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg1 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf2.recs[xch->i2];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg2 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		xch->ignore = ignore;
+	}
+}
+
 int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	xdchange_t *xscr;
@@ -571,6 +595,9 @@ int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (xscr) {
+		if (xpp->flags & XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES)
+			xdl_mark_ignorable(xscr, &xe, xpp->flags);
+
 		if (ef(&xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg) < 0) {
 
 			xdl_free_script(xscr);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.h b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
index 7a92ea9c4d..8b81206c9a 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ typedef struct s_xdchange {
 	struct s_xdchange *next;
 	long i1, i2;
 	long chg1, chg2;
+	int ignore;
 } xdchange_t;
 
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
index d11dbf9f13..4d8645867e 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.c
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -56,16 +56,51 @@ static int xdl_emit_record(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const *pre, xdemitcb_t *
 /*
  * Starting at the passed change atom, find the latest change atom to be included
  * inside the differential hunk according to the specified configuration.
+ * Also advance xscr if the first changes must be discarded.
  */
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp;
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp, *lxch;
 	long max_common = 2 * xecfg->ctxlen + xecfg->interhunkctxlen;
+	long max_ignorable = xecfg->ctxlen;
+	unsigned long ignored = 0; /* number of ignored blank lines */
+
+	/* remove ignorable changes that are too far before other changes */
+	for (xchp = *xscr; xchp && xchp->ignore; xchp = xchp->next) {
+		xch = xchp->next;
+
+		if (xch == NULL ||
+		    xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) >= max_ignorable)
+			*xscr = xch;
+	}
+
+	if (*xscr == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	lxch = *xscr;
 
-	for (xchp = xscr, xch = xscr->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next)
-		if (xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) > max_common)
+	for (xchp = *xscr, xch = xchp->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next) {
+		long distance = xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1);
+		if (distance > max_common)
 			break;
 
-	return xchp;
+		if (distance < max_ignorable && (!xch->ignore || lxch == xchp)) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else if (distance < max_ignorable && xch->ignore) {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		} else if (lxch != xchp &&
+			   xch->i1 + ignored - (lxch->i1 + lxch->chg1) > max_common) {
+			break;
+		} else if (!xch->ignore) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lxch;
 }
 
 
@@ -139,7 +174,9 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		return xdl_emit_common(xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg);
 
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 
 		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
 		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.h b/xdiff/xemit.h
index c2e2e83027..d29710770c 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.h
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 typedef int (*emit_func_t)(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			   xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xhistogram.c b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
index bf99787c3e..73210cb6f3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xhistogram.c
+++ b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct histindex {
 	struct record {
 		unsigned int ptr, cnt;
 		struct record *next;
-	} **records, /* an ocurrence */
+	} **records, /* an occurrence */
 	  **line_map; /* map of line to record chain */
 	chastore_t rcha;
 	unsigned int *next_ptrs;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
index 9504eaecb8..62cb23dfd3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.c
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -143,6 +143,19 @@ long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample) {
 	return nl + 1;
 }
 
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags)
+{
+	long i;
+
+	if (!(flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS))
+		return (size <= 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size && XDL_ISSPACE(line[i]); i++)
+		;
+
+	return (i == size);
+}
+
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags)
 {
 	int i1, i2;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.h b/xdiff/xutils.h
index ad1428ed69..4646ce5752 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.h
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ int xdl_cha_init(chastore_t *cha, long isize, long icount);
 void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha);
 void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha);
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample);
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags);
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags);
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags);
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size);
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
index 2b2c0c780e..61e6df0fdc 100644
--- a/zlib.c
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -168,13 +168,8 @@ void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
-void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+static void do_git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level, int windowBits)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
-	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
-	 */
-	const int windowBits = 15 + 16;
 	int status;
 
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
@@ -188,6 +183,24 @@ void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
+void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
+	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, 15 + 16);
+}
+
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, negate the value to get raw compressed
+	 * data without zlib header and trailer.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, -15);
+}
+
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *strm)
 {
 	int status;