Merge remote-tracking branch 'github/master' into git-po-master

* github/master: (42 commits)
  Git 2.30-rc1
  git-gui: use gray background for inactive text widgets
  Another batch before 2.30-rc1
  git-gui: Fix selected text colors
  Makefile: conditionally include GIT-VERSION-FILE
  git-gui: fix colored label backgrounds when using themed widgets
  config.mak.uname: remove old NonStop compatibility settings
  diff: correct interaction between --exit-code and -I<pattern>
  t/perf: fix test_export() failure with BSD `sed`
  style: do not "break" in switch() after "return"
  compat-util: pretend that stub setitimer() always succeeds
  strmap: make callers of strmap_remove() to call it in void context
  doc: mention Python 3.x supports
  index-format.txt: document v2 format of file system monitor extension
  docs: multi-pack-index: remove note about future 'verify' work
  init: provide useful advice about init.defaultBranch
  get_default_branch_name(): prepare for showing some advice
  branch -m: allow renaming a yet-unborn branch
  init: document `init.defaultBranch` better
  t7900: use --fixed-value in git-maintenance tests
  ...

10 files changed, 210 insertions, 150 deletions

diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index 821581a885..22d727cef8 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -148,13 +148,18 @@ test_run_perf_ () {
 . '"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib-functions.sh'
 test_export () {
 	[ $# != 0 ] || return 0
-	test_export_="$test_export_\\|$1"
+	test_export_="$test_export_ $1"
 	shift
 	test_export "$@"
 }
 '"$1"'
 ret=$?
-set | sed -n "s'"/'/'\\\\''/g"';s/^\\($test_export_\\)/export '"'&'"'/p" >test_vars
+needles=
+for v in $test_export_
+do
+	needles="$needles;s/^$v=/export $v=/p"
+done
+set | sed -n "s'"/'/'\\\\''/g"'$needles" >test_vars
 exit $ret' >&3 2>&4
 	eval_ret=$?
 
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index 69a320489f..0803994874 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 	(
 		mkdir again &&
 		cd again &&
-		git init >out1 2>err1 &&
+		git -c init.defaultBranch=initial init >out1 2>err1 &&
 		git init >out2 2>err2
 	) &&
 	test_i18ngrep "Initialized empty" again/out1 &&
@@ -558,6 +558,13 @@ test_expect_success 'overridden default initial branch name (config)' '
 	grep nmb actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'advice on unconfigured init.defaultBranch' '
+	GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME= git -c color.advice=always \
+		init unconfigured-default-branch-name 2>err &&
+	test_decode_color <err >decoded &&
+	test_i18ngrep "<YELLOW>hint: " decoded
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'overridden default main branch name (env)' '
 	test_config_global init.defaultBranch nmb &&
 	GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME=env git init main-branch-env &&
@@ -571,4 +578,12 @@ test_expect_success 'invalid default branch name' '
 	test_i18ngrep "invalid branch name" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch -m with the initial branch' '
+	git init rename-initial &&
+	git -C rename-initial branch -m renamed &&
+	test renamed = $(git -C rename-initial symbolic-ref --short HEAD) &&
+	git -C rename-initial branch -m renamed again &&
+	test again = $(git -C rename-initial symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh b/t/t0064-oid-array.sh
index 45685af2fd..2e5438ccda 100755
--- a/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh
+++ b/t/t0064-oid-array.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='basic tests for the SHA1 array implementation'
+test_description='basic tests for the oid array implementation'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 echoid () {
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ordered enumeration with duplicate suppression' '
 	{
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echo for_each_unique
 	} | test-tool oid-array >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -54,17 +55,19 @@ test_expect_success 'lookup with duplicates' '
 	{
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echoid lookup 55
 	} | test-tool oid-array >actual &&
 	n=$(cat actual) &&
-	test "$n" -ge 2 &&
-	test "$n" -le 3
+	test "$n" -ge 3 &&
+	test "$n" -le 5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'lookup non-existing entry with duplicates' '
 	{
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echoid append 88 44 aa 55 &&
 		echoid lookup 66
 	} | test-tool oid-array >actual &&
 	n=$(cat actual) &&
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 9974457f56..bbfe05b8e4 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ setup_repo () {
 	name=$1 worktreecfg=$2 gitfile=$3 barecfg=$4 &&
 	sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 
-	git init "$name" &&
+	git -c init.defaultBranch=initial init "$name" &&
 	maybe_config "$name/.git/config" core.worktree "$worktreecfg" &&
 	maybe_config "$name/.git/config" core.bare "$barecfg" &&
 	mkdir -p "$name/sub/sub" &&
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index 47f0e2889d..8c574221b2 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -567,6 +567,30 @@ test_expect_success '--check and --quiet are not exclusive' '
 	git diff --check --quiet
 '
 
+test_expect_success '-w and --exit-code interact sensibly' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout x" &&
+	{
+		test_seq 15 &&
+		echo " 16"
+	} >x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code &&
+	git diff -w >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	git diff -w --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-I and --exit-code interact sensibly' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout x" &&
+	{
+		test_seq 15 &&
+		echo " 16"
+	} >x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code &&
+	git diff -I. >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	git diff -I. --exit-code
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check staged with no whitespace errors' '
 	echo "foo();" >x &&
 	git add x &&
diff --git a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
index 2ea66205cf..d98c550267 100755
--- a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
@@ -289,7 +289,15 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack limits tree depth filters' '
 	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth 0 &&
 	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:1 \
 		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc3 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep "tree filter allows max depth 0, but got 1" err
+	test_i18ngrep "tree filter allows max depth 0, but got 1" err &&
+
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:0 "file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc4 &&
+
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth 5 &&
+	git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:5 "file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc5 &&
+	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:6 \
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc6 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tree filter allows max depth 5, but got 6" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'partial clone fetches blobs pointed to by refs even if normally filtered out' '
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index b359023189..810cdbb6f8 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -28,12 +28,13 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Using $datestamp" > one &&
 	git add one &&
 	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	git branch -M main &&
 	setdate_and_increment &&
 	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag &&
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/main main &&
 	git remote add origin nowhere &&
-	git config branch.master.remote origin &&
-	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git config branch.main.remote origin &&
+	git config branch.main.merge refs/heads/main &&
 	git remote add myfork elsewhere &&
 	git config remote.pushdefault myfork &&
 	git config push.default current
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_atom() {
 	case "$1" in
-		head) ref=refs/heads/master ;;
+		head) ref=refs/heads/main ;;
 		 tag) ref=refs/tags/testtag ;;
 		 sym) ref=refs/heads/sym ;;
 		   *) ref=$1 ;;
@@ -76,49 +77,49 @@ test_atom() {
 hexlen=$(test_oid hexsz)
 disklen=$(test_oid disklen)
 
-test_atom head refname refs/heads/master
-test_atom head refname: refs/heads/master
-test_atom head refname:short master
-test_atom head refname:lstrip=1 heads/master
-test_atom head refname:lstrip=2 master
-test_atom head refname:lstrip=-1 master
-test_atom head refname:lstrip=-2 heads/master
+test_atom head refname refs/heads/main
+test_atom head refname: refs/heads/main
+test_atom head refname:short main
+test_atom head refname:lstrip=1 heads/main
+test_atom head refname:lstrip=2 main
+test_atom head refname:lstrip=-1 main
+test_atom head refname:lstrip=-2 heads/main
 test_atom head refname:rstrip=1 refs/heads
 test_atom head refname:rstrip=2 refs
 test_atom head refname:rstrip=-1 refs
 test_atom head refname:rstrip=-2 refs/heads
-test_atom head refname:strip=1 heads/master
-test_atom head refname:strip=2 master
-test_atom head refname:strip=-1 master
-test_atom head refname:strip=-2 heads/master
-test_atom head upstream refs/remotes/origin/master
-test_atom head upstream:short origin/master
-test_atom head upstream:lstrip=2 origin/master
-test_atom head upstream:lstrip=-2 origin/master
+test_atom head refname:strip=1 heads/main
+test_atom head refname:strip=2 main
+test_atom head refname:strip=-1 main
+test_atom head refname:strip=-2 heads/main
+test_atom head upstream refs/remotes/origin/main
+test_atom head upstream:short origin/main
+test_atom head upstream:lstrip=2 origin/main
+test_atom head upstream:lstrip=-2 origin/main
 test_atom head upstream:rstrip=2 refs/remotes
 test_atom head upstream:rstrip=-2 refs/remotes
-test_atom head upstream:strip=2 origin/master
-test_atom head upstream:strip=-2 origin/master
-test_atom head push refs/remotes/myfork/master
-test_atom head push:short myfork/master
-test_atom head push:lstrip=1 remotes/myfork/master
-test_atom head push:lstrip=-1 master
+test_atom head upstream:strip=2 origin/main
+test_atom head upstream:strip=-2 origin/main
+test_atom head push refs/remotes/myfork/main
+test_atom head push:short myfork/main
+test_atom head push:lstrip=1 remotes/myfork/main
+test_atom head push:lstrip=-1 main
 test_atom head push:rstrip=1 refs/remotes/myfork
 test_atom head push:rstrip=-1 refs
-test_atom head push:strip=1 remotes/myfork/master
-test_atom head push:strip=-1 master
+test_atom head push:strip=1 remotes/myfork/main
+test_atom head push:strip=-1 main
 test_atom head objecttype commit
 test_atom head objectsize $((131 + hexlen))
 test_atom head objectsize:disk $disklen
 test_atom head deltabase $ZERO_OID
-test_atom head objectname $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
-test_atom head objectname:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master)
-test_atom head objectname:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/master)
-test_atom head objectname:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/master)
-test_atom head tree $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^{tree})
-test_atom head tree:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master^{tree})
-test_atom head tree:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/master^{tree})
-test_atom head tree:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/master^{tree})
+test_atom head objectname $(git rev-parse refs/heads/main)
+test_atom head objectname:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/main)
+test_atom head objectname:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/main)
+test_atom head objectname:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/main)
+test_atom head tree $(git rev-parse refs/heads/main^{tree})
+test_atom head tree:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/main^{tree})
+test_atom head tree:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/main^{tree})
+test_atom head tree:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/main^{tree})
 test_atom head parent ''
 test_atom head parent:short ''
 test_atom head parent:short=1 ''
@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ test_atom tag deltabase $ZERO_OID
 test_atom tag '*deltabase' $ZERO_OID
 test_atom tag objectname $(git rev-parse refs/tags/testtag)
 test_atom tag objectname:short $(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/testtag)
-test_atom head objectname:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/master)
-test_atom head objectname:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/master)
+test_atom head objectname:short=1 $(git rev-parse --short=1 refs/heads/main)
+test_atom head objectname:short=10 $(git rev-parse --short=10 refs/heads/main)
 test_atom tag tree ''
 test_atom tag tree:short ''
 test_atom tag tree:short=1 ''
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ test_date () {
 	author_date=$3 &&
 	tagger_date=$4 &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	'refs/heads/master' '$committer_date' '$author_date'
+	'refs/heads/main' '$committer_date' '$author_date'
 	'refs/tags/testtag' '$tagger_date'
 	EOF
 	(
@@ -375,8 +376,8 @@ test_expect_success 'exercise strftime with odd fields' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-refs/heads/master
-refs/remotes/origin/master
+refs/heads/main
+refs/remotes/origin/main
 refs/tags/testtag
 EOF
 
@@ -388,8 +389,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Verify ascending sort' '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 refs/tags/testtag
-refs/remotes/origin/master
-refs/heads/master
+refs/remotes/origin/main
+refs/heads/main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Verify descending sort' '
@@ -424,8 +425,8 @@ test_expect_success 'exercise glob patterns with prefixes' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-'refs/heads/master'
-'refs/remotes/origin/master'
+'refs/heads/main'
+'refs/remotes/origin/main'
 'refs/tags/testtag'
 EOF
 
@@ -445,8 +446,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Quoting style: python' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-"refs/heads/master"
-"refs/remotes/origin/master"
+"refs/heads/main"
+"refs/remotes/origin/main"
 "refs/tags/testtag"
 EOF
 
@@ -473,8 +474,8 @@ test_atom head upstream:nobracket,track 'ahead 1'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for push:track[short]' '
 	test_commit third &&
-	git update-ref refs/remotes/myfork/master master &&
-	git reset master~1
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/myfork/main main &&
+	git reset main~1
 '
 
 test_atom head push:track '[behind 1]'
@@ -490,8 +491,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Check that :track[short] works when upstream is invalid' '
 	[gone]
 
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master" &&
-	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/does-not-exist &&
+	test_when_finished "git config branch.main.merge refs/heads/main" &&
+	git config branch.main.merge refs/heads/does-not-exist &&
 	git for-each-ref \
 		--format="%(upstream:track)$LF%(upstream:trackshort)" \
 		refs/heads >actual &&
@@ -504,9 +505,9 @@ test_expect_success 'Check for invalid refname format' '
 
 test_expect_success 'set up color tests' '
 	cat >expected.color <<-EOF &&
-	$(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master) <GREEN>master<RESET>
-	$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/myfork/master) <GREEN>myfork/master<RESET>
-	$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/origin/master) <GREEN>origin/master<RESET>
+	$(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/main) <GREEN>main<RESET>
+	$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/myfork/main) <GREEN>myfork/main<RESET>
+	$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/origin/main) <GREEN>origin/main<RESET>
 	$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/testtag) <GREEN>testtag<RESET>
 	$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/third) <GREEN>third<RESET>
 	$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/two) <GREEN>two<RESET>
@@ -538,8 +539,8 @@ test_expect_success 'color.ui=always does not override tty check' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-heads/master
-tags/master
+heads/main
+tags/main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs (strict)' '
@@ -549,19 +550,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs (strict)' '
 	git add one &&
 	git commit -m "Branch" &&
 	setdate_and_increment &&
-	git tag -m "Tagging at $datestamp" master &&
-	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/master refs/tags/master >actual &&
+	git tag -m "Tagging at $datestamp" main &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/main refs/tags/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-heads/master
-master
+heads/main
+main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs (loose)' '
 	git config --bool core.warnambiguousrefs false &&
-	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/master refs/tags/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/main refs/tags/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -571,7 +572,7 @@ ambiguous
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs II (loose)' '
-	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout main &&
 	git tag ambiguous testtag^0 &&
 	git branch ambiguous testtag^0 &&
 	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/ambiguous refs/tags/ambiguous >actual &&
@@ -705,8 +706,8 @@ body contents
 $sig"
 
 test_expect_success 'set up refs pointing to tree and blob' '
-	git update-ref refs/mytrees/first refs/heads/master^{tree} &&
-	git update-ref refs/myblobs/first refs/heads/master:one
+	git update-ref refs/mytrees/first refs/heads/main^{tree} &&
+	git update-ref refs/myblobs/first refs/heads/main:one
 '
 
 test_atom refs/mytrees/first subject ""
@@ -778,7 +779,7 @@ test_expect_success 'equivalent sorts fall back on refname' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not dereference NULL upon %(HEAD) on unborn branch' '
-	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout main" &&
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(HEAD) %(refname:short)" refs/heads/ >actual &&
 	sed -e "s/^\* /  /" actual >expect &&
 	git checkout --orphan orphaned-branch &&
@@ -815,9 +816,9 @@ test_expect_success '%(trailers:unfold) unfolds trailers' '
 		unfold <trailers
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -826,9 +827,9 @@ test_expect_success '%(trailers:only) shows only "key: value" trailers' '
 		grep -v patch.description <trailers &&
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -837,13 +838,13 @@ test_expect_success '%(trailers:only) and %(trailers:unfold) work together' '
 		grep -v patch.description <trailers | unfold &&
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp actual actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp actual actual
 '
 
@@ -867,7 +868,7 @@ test_expect_success 'if arguments, %(contents:trailers) shows error if colon is
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'basic atom: head contents:trailers' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	sanitize_pgp <actual >actual.clean &&
 	# git for-each-ref ends with a blank line
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
@@ -896,16 +897,16 @@ test_expect_success 'trailer parsing not fooled by --- line' '
 		echo "trailer: right" &&
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers)" refs/heads/main >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Add symbolic ref for the following tests' '
-	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/sym refs/heads/master
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/sym refs/heads/main
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-refs/heads/master
+refs/heads/main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Verify usage of %(symref) atom' '
@@ -914,7 +915,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Verify usage of %(symref) atom' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-heads/master
+heads/main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Verify usage of %(symref:short) atom' '
@@ -923,8 +924,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Verify usage of %(symref:short) atom' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-master
-heads/master
+main
+heads/main
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Verify usage of %(symref:lstrip) atom' '
@@ -953,22 +954,23 @@ test_expect_success ':remotename and :remoteref' '
 	(
 		cd remote-tests &&
 		test_commit initial &&
+		git branch -M main &&
 		git remote add from fifth.coffee:blub &&
-		git config branch.master.remote from &&
-		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/stable &&
+		git config branch.main.remote from &&
+		git config branch.main.merge refs/heads/stable &&
 		git remote add to southridge.audio:repo &&
 		git config remote.to.push "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/pushed/*" &&
-		git config branch.master.pushRemote to &&
+		git config branch.main.pushRemote to &&
 		for pair in "%(upstream)=refs/remotes/from/stable" \
 			"%(upstream:remotename)=from" \
 			"%(upstream:remoteref)=refs/heads/stable" \
-			"%(push)=refs/remotes/to/pushed/master" \
+			"%(push)=refs/remotes/to/pushed/main" \
 			"%(push:remotename)=to" \
-			"%(push:remoteref)=refs/heads/pushed/master"
+			"%(push:remoteref)=refs/heads/pushed/main"
 		do
 			echo "${pair#*=}" >expect &&
 			git for-each-ref --format="${pair%=*}" \
-				refs/heads/master >actual &&
+				refs/heads/main >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual
 		done &&
 		git branch push-simple &&
@@ -981,12 +983,12 @@ test_expect_success ':remotename and :remoteref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'for-each-ref --ignore-case ignores case' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/heads/MASTER >actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/heads/MAIN >actual &&
 	test_must_be_empty actual &&
 
-	echo refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	echo refs/heads/main >expect &&
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --ignore-case \
-		refs/heads/MASTER >actual &&
+		refs/heads/MAIN >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7064-wtstatus-pv2.sh b/t/t7064-wtstatus-pv2.sh
index 537787e598..601b47830b 100755
--- a/t/t7064-wtstatus-pv2.sh
+++ b/t/t7064-wtstatus-pv2.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ This test exercises porcelain V2 output for git status.'
 
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git checkout -f --orphan initial-branch &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 	echo x >file_x &&
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success 'before initial commit, nothing added, only untracked' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid (initial)
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	? actual
 	? dir1/
 	? expect
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success 'before initial commit, things added' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid (initial)
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_A dir1/file_a
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_B dir1/file_b
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_X file_x
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'before initial commit, things added' '
 test_expect_success 'before initial commit, things added (-z)' '
 	lf_to_nul >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid (initial)
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_A dir1/file_a
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_B dir1/file_b
 	1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $OID_X file_x
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ test_expect_success 'make first commit, comfirm HEAD oid and branch' '
 	H0=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H0
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	? actual
 	? expect
 	EOF
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success 'after first commit, create unstaged changes' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H0
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 .M N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_X $OID_X file_x
 	1 .D N... 100644 100644 000000 $OID_Z $OID_Z file_z
 	? actual
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ test_expect_success 'after first commit, stage existing changes' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H0
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 M. N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_X $OID_X1 file_x
 	1 D. N... 100644 000000 000000 $OID_Z $ZERO_OID file_z
 	? actual
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rename causes 2 path lines' '
 
 	q_to_tab >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H0
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 M. N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_X $OID_X1 file_x
 	1 D. N... 100644 000000 000000 $OID_Z $ZERO_OID file_z
 	2 R. N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_Y $OID_Y R100 renamed_yQfile_y
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rename causes 2 path lines (-z)' '
 	## Lines use NUL path separator and line terminator, so double transform here.
 	q_to_nul <<-EOF | lf_to_nul >expect &&
 	# branch.oid $H0
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	1 M. N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_X $OID_X1 file_x
 	1 D. N... 100644 000000 000000 $OID_Z $ZERO_OID file_z
 	2 R. N... 100644 100644 100644 $OID_Y $OID_Y R100 renamed_yQfile_y
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ test_expect_success 'make second commit, confirm clean and new HEAD oid' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H1
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	? actual
 	? expect
 	EOF
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ test_expect_success 'create and commit permanent ignore file' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	# branch.oid $H1
-	# branch.head master
+	# branch.head initial-branch
 	EOF
 
 	git status --porcelain=v2 --branch >actual &&
@@ -257,14 +258,14 @@ test_expect_success 'verify --intent-to-add output' '
 test_expect_success 'verify AA (add-add) conflict' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 
-	git branch AA_A master &&
+	git branch AA_A initial-branch &&
 	git checkout AA_A &&
 	echo "Branch AA_A" >conflict.txt &&
 	OID_AA_A=$(git hash-object -t blob -- conflict.txt) &&
 	git add conflict.txt &&
 	git commit -m "branch aa_a" &&
 
-	git branch AA_B master &&
+	git branch AA_B initial-branch &&
 	git checkout AA_B &&
 	echo "Branch AA_B" >conflict.txt &&
 	OID_AA_B=$(git hash-object -t blob -- conflict.txt) &&
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ test_expect_success 'verify AA (add-add) conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'verify UU (edit-edit) conflict' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 
-	git branch UU_ANC master &&
+	git branch UU_ANC initial-branch &&
 	git checkout UU_ANC &&
 	echo "Ancestor" >conflict.txt &&
 	OID_UU_ANC=$(git hash-object -t blob -- conflict.txt) &&
@@ -328,18 +329,18 @@ test_expect_success 'verify UU (edit-edit) conflict' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify upstream fields in branch header' '
-	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout initial-branch &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf sub_repo" &&
 	git clone . sub_repo &&
 	(
-		## Confirm local master tracks remote master.
+		## Confirm local initial-branch tracks remote initial-branch.
 		cd sub_repo &&
 		HUF=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -355,8 +356,8 @@ test_expect_success 'verify upstream fields in branch header' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +1 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -367,9 +368,9 @@ test_expect_success 'verify upstream fields in branch header' '
 		git status --porcelain=v2 --untracked-files=all >actual &&
 		test_must_be_empty actual &&
 
-		## Test upstream-gone case. Fake this by pointing origin/master at
-		## a non-existing commit.
-		OLD=$(git rev-parse origin/master) &&
+		## Test upstream-gone case. Fake this by pointing
+		## origin/initial-branch at a non-existing commit.
+		OLD=$(git rev-parse origin/initial-branch) &&
 		NEW=$ZERO_OID &&
 		mv .git/packed-refs .git/old-packed-refs &&
 		sed "s/$OLD/$NEW/g" <.git/old-packed-refs >.git/packed-refs &&
@@ -378,8 +379,8 @@ test_expect_success 'verify upstream fields in branch header' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		EOF
 
 		git status --porcelain=v2 --branch --untracked-files=all >actual &&
@@ -388,19 +389,19 @@ test_expect_success 'verify upstream fields in branch header' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify --[no-]ahead-behind with V2 format' '
-	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout initial-branch &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf sub_repo" &&
 	git clone . sub_repo &&
 	(
-		## Confirm local master tracks remote master.
+		## Confirm local initial-branch tracks remote initial-branch.
 		cd sub_repo &&
 		HUF=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 		# Confirm --no-ahead-behind reports traditional branch.ab with 0/0 for equal branches.
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -410,8 +411,8 @@ test_expect_success 'verify --[no-]ahead-behind with V2 format' '
 		# Confirm --ahead-behind reports traditional branch.ab with 0/0.
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -428,8 +429,8 @@ test_expect_success 'verify --[no-]ahead-behind with V2 format' '
 		# Confirm --no-ahead-behind reports branch.ab with ?/? for non-equal branches.
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +? -?
 		EOF
 
@@ -439,8 +440,8 @@ test_expect_success 'verify --[no-]ahead-behind with V2 format' '
 		# Confirm --ahead-behind reports traditional branch.ab with 1/0.
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HUF
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +1 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ test_expect_success 'verify --[no-]ahead-behind with V2 format' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create and add submodule, submodule appears clean (A. S...)' '
-	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout initial-branch &&
 	git clone . sub_repo &&
 	git clone . super_repo &&
 	(	cd super_repo &&
@@ -471,8 +472,8 @@ test_expect_success 'create and add submodule, submodule appears clean (A. S...)
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 A. S... 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -496,8 +497,8 @@ test_expect_success 'untracked changes in added submodule (AM S..U)' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 AM S..U 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -521,8 +522,8 @@ test_expect_success 'staged changes in added submodule (AM S.M.)' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 AM S.M. 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -548,8 +549,8 @@ test_expect_success 'staged and unstaged changes in added (AM S.M.)' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 AM S.M. 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -575,8 +576,8 @@ test_expect_success 'staged and untracked changes in added submodule (AM S.MU)'
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 AM S.MU 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -602,8 +603,8 @@ test_expect_success 'commit within the submodule appears as new commit in super
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +0 -0
 		1 A. N... 000000 100644 100644 $ZERO_OID $HMOD .gitmodules
 		1 AM SC.. 000000 160000 160000 $ZERO_OID $HSUB sub1
@@ -625,8 +626,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stage submodule in super and commit' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +1 -0
 		EOF
 
@@ -646,8 +647,8 @@ test_expect_success 'make unstaged changes in existing submodule (.M S.M.)' '
 
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		# branch.oid $HSUP
-		# branch.head master
-		# branch.upstream origin/master
+		# branch.head initial-branch
+		# branch.upstream origin/initial-branch
 		# branch.ab +1 -0
 		1 .M S.M. 160000 160000 160000 $HSUB $HSUB sub1
 		EOF
diff --git a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
index e987b44f87..d1e0c8f830 100755
--- a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
+++ b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ test_expect_success 'start from empty cron table' '
 	GIT_TEST_CRONTAB="test-tool crontab cron.txt" git maintenance start &&
 
 	# start registers the repo
-	git config --get --global maintenance.repo "$(pwd)" &&
+	git config --get --global --fixed-value maintenance.repo "$(pwd)" &&
 
 	grep "for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=daily" cron.txt &&
 	grep "for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=hourly" cron.txt &&
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stop from existing schedule' '
 	GIT_TEST_CRONTAB="test-tool crontab cron.txt" git maintenance stop &&
 
 	# stop does not unregister the repo
-	git config --get --global maintenance.repo "$(pwd)" &&
+	git config --get --global --fixed-value maintenance.repo "$(pwd)" &&
 
 	# Operation is idempotent
 	GIT_TEST_CRONTAB="test-tool crontab cron.txt" git maintenance stop &&
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index eca4d311ef..999982fe4a 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -1202,7 +1202,9 @@ test_create_repo () {
 	mkdir -p "$repo"
 	(
 		cd "$repo" || error "Cannot setup test environment"
-		"${GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git$X" init \
+		"${GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git$X" -c \
+			init.defaultBranch="${GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME-master}" \
+			init \
 			"--template=$GIT_BUILD_DIR/templates/blt/" >&3 2>&4 ||
 		error "cannot run git init -- have you built things yet?"
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled