Win32: Thread-safe windows console output

Winansi.c has many static variables that are accessed and modified from
the [v][f]printf / fputs functions overridden in the file. This may cause
multi threaded git commands that print to the console to produce corrupted
output or even crash.

Additionally, winansi.c doesn't override all functions that can be used to
print to the console (e.g. fwrite, write, fputc are missing), so that ANSI
escapes don't work properly for some git commands (e.g. git-grep).

Instead of doing ANSI emulation in just a few wrapped functions on top of
the IO API, let's plug into the IO system and take advantage of the thread
safety inherent to the IO system.

Redirect stdout and stderr to a pipe if they point to the console. A
background thread reads from the pipe, handles ANSI escape sequences and
UTF-8 to UTF-16 conversion, then writes to the console.

The pipe-based stdout and stderr replacements must be set to unbuffered, as
MSVCRT doesn't support line buffering and fully buffered streams are
inappropriate for console output.

Due to the byte-oriented pipe, ANSI escape sequences and multi-byte UTF-8
sequences can no longer be expected to arrive in one piece. Replace the
string-based ansi_emulate() with a simple stateful parser (this also fixes
colored diff hunk headers, which were broken as of commit 2efcc977).

Override isatty to return true for the pipes redirecting to the console.

Exec/spawn obtain the original console handle to pass to the next process
via winansi_get_osfhandle().

All other overrides are gone, the default stdio implementations work as
expected with the piped stdout/stderr descriptors.

Global variables are either initialized on startup (single threaded) or
exclusively modified by the background thread. Threads communicate through
the pipe, no further synchronization is necessary.

The background thread is terminated by disonnecting the pipe after flushing
the stdio and pipe buffers. This doesn't work for anonymous pipes (created
via CreatePipe), as DisconnectNamedPipe only works on the read end, which
discards remaining data. Thus we have to setup the pipe manually, with the
write end beeing the server (opened with CreateNamedPipe) and the read end
the client (opened with CreateFile).

Limitations: doesn't track reopened or duped file descriptors, i.e.:
- fdopen(1/2) returns fully buffered streams
- dup(1/2), dup2(1/2) returns normal pipe descriptors (i.e. isatty() =
  false, winansi_get_osfhandle won't return the original console handle)

Currently, only the git-format-patch command uses xfdopen(xdup(1)) (see
"realstdout" in builtin/log.c), but works well with these limitations.

Many thanks to Atsushi Nakagawa <atnak@chejz.com> for suggesting and
reviewing the thread-exit-mechanism.

Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de>
Signed-off-by: Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

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