merge-ort: add modify/delete handling and delayed output processing

The focus here is on adding a path_msg() which will queue up
warning/conflict/notice messages about the merge for later processing,
storing these in a pathname -> strbuf map.  It might seem like a big
change, but it really just is:

  * declaration of necessary map with some comments
  * initialization and recording of data
  * a bunch of code to iterate over the map at print/free time
  * at least one caller in order to avoid an error about having an
    unused function (which we provide in the form of implementing
    modify/delete conflict handling).

At this stage, it is probably not clear why I am opting for delayed
output processing.  There are multiple reasons:

  1. Merges are supposed to abort if they would overwrite dirty changes
     in the working tree.  We cannot correctly determine whether changes
     would be overwritten until both rename detection has occurred and
     full processing of entries with the renames has finalized.
     Warning/conflict/notice messages come up at intermediate codepaths
     along the way, so unless we want spurious conflict/warning messages
     being printed when the merge will be aborted anyway, we need to
     save these messages and only print them when relevant.

  2. There can be multiple messages for a single path, and we want all
     messages for a give path to appear together instead of having them
     grouped by conflict/warning type.  This was a problem already with
     merge-recursive.c but became even more important due to the
     splitting apart of conflict types as discussed in the commit
     message for 1f3c9ba707 ("t6425: be more flexible with rename/delete
     conflict messages", 2020-08-10)

  3. Some callers might want to avoid showing the output in certain
     cases, such as if the end result is a clean merge.  Rebases have
     typically done this.

  4. Some callers might not want the output to go to stdout or even
     stderr, but might want to do something else with it entirely.
     For example, a --remerge-diff option to `git show` or `git log
     -p` that remerges on the fly and diffs merge commits against the
     remerged version would benefit from stdout/stderr not being
     written to in the standard form.

Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

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