Merge branch 'hn/reftable'

The "reftable" backend for the refs API, without integrating into
the refs subsystem, has been added.

* hn/reftable:
  Add "test-tool dump-reftable" command.
  reftable: add dump utility
  reftable: implement stack, a mutable database of reftable files.
  reftable: implement refname validation
  reftable: add merged table view
  reftable: add a heap-based priority queue for reftable records
  reftable: reftable file level tests
  reftable: read reftable files
  reftable: generic interface to tables
  reftable: write reftable files
  reftable: a generic binary tree implementation
  reftable: reading/writing blocks
  Provide zlib's uncompress2 from compat/zlib-compat.c
  reftable: (de)serialization for the polymorphic record type.
  reftable: add blocksource, an abstraction for random access reads
  reftable: utility functions
  reftable: add error related functionality
  reftable: add LICENSE
  hash.h: provide constants for the hash IDs

69 files changed, 11125 insertions, 12 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ed75ed422b..9c00a793e4 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_DEFLATE_BOUND if your zlib does not have deflateBound.
 #
+# Define NO_UNCOMPRESS2 if your zlib does not have uncompress2.
+#
 # Define NO_NORETURN if using buggy versions of gcc 4.6+ and profile feedback,
 # as the compiler can crash (http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49299)
 #
@@ -732,6 +734,7 @@ TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-read-cache.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-read-graph.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-read-midx.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-ref-store.o
+TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-reftable.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-regex.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-repository.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-revision-walking.o
@@ -810,6 +813,8 @@ TEST_SHELL_PATH = $(SHELL_PATH)
 
 LIB_FILE = libgit.a
 XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
+REFTABLE_LIB = reftable/libreftable.a
+REFTABLE_TEST_LIB = reftable/libreftable_test.a
 
 GENERATED_H += command-list.h
 GENERATED_H += config-list.h
@@ -1189,7 +1194,7 @@ THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/regex/%
 THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += sha1collisiondetection/%
 THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += sha1dc/%
 
-GITLIBS = common-main.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
+GITLIBS = common-main.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(REFTABLE_LIB)
 EXTLIBS =
 
 GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
@@ -1720,6 +1725,11 @@ ifdef NO_DEFLATE_BOUND
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_DEFLATE_BOUND
 endif
 
+ifdef NO_UNCOMPRESS2
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_UNCOMPRESS2
+	REFTABLE_OBJS += compat/zlib-uncompress2.o
+endif
+
 ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_POSIX_GOODIES
 endif
@@ -2431,7 +2441,36 @@ XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xutils.o
 .PHONY: xdiff-objs
 xdiff-objs: $(XDIFF_OBJS)
 
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/basics.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/error.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/block.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/blocksource.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/iter.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/publicbasics.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/merged.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/pq.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/reader.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/record.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/refname.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/generic.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/stack.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/tree.o
+REFTABLE_OBJS += reftable/writer.o
+
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/basics_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/block_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/dump.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/merged_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/pq_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/record_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/readwrite_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/refname_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/stack_test.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/test_framework.o
+REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS += reftable/tree_test.o
+
 TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst %$X,%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS)) $(patsubst %,t/helper/%,$(TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS))
+
 .PHONY: test-objs
 test-objs: $(TEST_OBJS)
 
@@ -2447,6 +2486,8 @@ OBJECTS += $(PROGRAM_OBJS)
 OBJECTS += $(TEST_OBJS)
 OBJECTS += $(XDIFF_OBJS)
 OBJECTS += $(FUZZ_OBJS)
+OBJECTS += $(REFTABLE_OBJS) $(REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS)
+
 ifndef NO_CURL
 	OBJECTS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
 endif
@@ -2589,6 +2630,12 @@ $(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
 $(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
 	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
 
+$(REFTABLE_LIB): $(REFTABLE_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
+
+$(REFTABLE_TEST_LIB): $(REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
+
 export DEFAULT_EDITOR DEFAULT_PAGER
 
 Documentation/GIT-EXCLUDED-PROGRAMS: FORCE
@@ -2887,7 +2934,7 @@ perf: all
 
 t/helper/test-tool$X: $(patsubst %,t/helper/%,$(TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS))
 
-t/helper/test-%$X: t/helper/test-%.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+t/helper/test-%$X: t/helper/test-%.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS) $(REFTABLE_TEST_LIB)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(filter %.a,$^) $(LIBS)
 
 check-sha1:: t/helper/test-tool$X
@@ -3225,7 +3272,7 @@ cocciclean:
 clean: profile-clean coverage-clean cocciclean
 	$(RM) *.res
 	$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
-	$(RM) $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
+	$(RM) $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(REFTABLE_LIB) $(REFTABLE_TEST_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
 	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
 	$(RM) $(FUZZ_PROGRAMS)
diff --git a/ci/lib.sh b/ci/lib.sh
index 82cb17f8ee..994050f7e7 100755
--- a/ci/lib.sh
+++ b/ci/lib.sh
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ linux-gcc-default)
 	;;
 Linux32)
 	CC=gcc
+	MAKEFLAGS="$MAKEFLAGS NO_UNCOMPRESS2=1"
 	;;
 linux-musl)
 	CC=gcc
diff --git a/compat/.gitattributes b/compat/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40dbfb170d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/zlib-uncompress2.c	whitespace=-indent-with-non-tab,-trailing-space
diff --git a/compat/zlib-uncompress2.c b/compat/zlib-uncompress2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..722610b971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/zlib-uncompress2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* taken from zlib's uncompr.c
+
+   commit cacf7f1d4e3d44d871b605da3b647f07d718623f
+   Author: Mark Adler <madler@alumni.caltech.edu>
+   Date:   Sun Jan 15 09:18:46 2017 -0800
+
+       zlib 1.2.11
+
+*/
+
+#include "../reftable/system.h"
+#define z_const
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 1995-2003, 2010, 2014, 2016 Jean-loup Gailly, Mark Adler
+ * For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in zlib.h
+ */
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+/* clang-format off */
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+     Decompresses the source buffer into the destination buffer.  *sourceLen is
+   the byte length of the source buffer. Upon entry, *destLen is the total size
+   of the destination buffer, which must be large enough to hold the entire
+   uncompressed data. (The size of the uncompressed data must have been saved
+   previously by the compressor and transmitted to the decompressor by some
+   mechanism outside the scope of this compression library.) Upon exit,
+   *destLen is the size of the decompressed data and *sourceLen is the number
+   of source bytes consumed. Upon return, source + *sourceLen points to the
+   first unused input byte.
+
+     uncompress returns Z_OK if success, Z_MEM_ERROR if there was not enough
+   memory, Z_BUF_ERROR if there was not enough room in the output buffer, or
+   Z_DATA_ERROR if the input data was corrupted, including if the input data is
+   an incomplete zlib stream.
+*/
+int ZEXPORT uncompress2 (
+    Bytef *dest,
+    uLongf *destLen,
+    const Bytef *source,
+    uLong *sourceLen) {
+    z_stream stream;
+    int err;
+    const uInt max = (uInt)-1;
+    uLong len, left;
+    Byte buf[1];    /* for detection of incomplete stream when *destLen == 0 */
+
+    len = *sourceLen;
+    if (*destLen) {
+	left = *destLen;
+	*destLen = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+	left = 1;
+	dest = buf;
+    }
+
+    stream.next_in = (z_const Bytef *)source;
+    stream.avail_in = 0;
+    stream.zalloc = (alloc_func)0;
+    stream.zfree = (free_func)0;
+    stream.opaque = (voidpf)0;
+
+    err = inflateInit(&stream);
+    if (err != Z_OK) return err;
+
+    stream.next_out = dest;
+    stream.avail_out = 0;
+
+    do {
+	if (stream.avail_out == 0) {
+	    stream.avail_out = left > (uLong)max ? max : (uInt)left;
+	    left -= stream.avail_out;
+	}
+	if (stream.avail_in == 0) {
+	    stream.avail_in = len > (uLong)max ? max : (uInt)len;
+	    len -= stream.avail_in;
+	}
+	err = inflate(&stream, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+    } while (err == Z_OK);
+
+    *sourceLen -= len + stream.avail_in;
+    if (dest != buf)
+	*destLen = stream.total_out;
+    else if (stream.total_out && err == Z_BUF_ERROR)
+	left = 1;
+
+    inflateEnd(&stream);
+    return err == Z_STREAM_END ? Z_OK :
+	   err == Z_NEED_DICT ? Z_DATA_ERROR  :
+	   err == Z_BUF_ERROR && left + stream.avail_out ? Z_DATA_ERROR :
+	   err;
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
index d0701f9beb..a3a779327f 100644
--- a/config.mak.uname
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
 	FILENO_IS_A_MACRO = UnfortunatelyYes
 endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	# Versions < 7.0 need compatibility layer
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : "[1-6]\."),2)
+		NO_UNCOMPRESS2 = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
 	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
 	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
@@ -516,6 +520,7 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
 	endif
 endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_UNCOMPRESS2 = YesPlease
 	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
 	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 5ee25ec95c..d60d494ee4 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -664,9 +664,22 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([ZLIBTEST_SRC],
 	NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=yes])
 LIBS="$old_LIBS"
 
+AC_DEFUN([ZLIBTEST_UNCOMPRESS2_SRC], [
+AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <zlib.h>],
+ [uncompress2(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);])])
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for uncompress2 in -lz])
+old_LIBS="$LIBS"
+LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([ZLIBTEST_UNCOMPRESS2_SRC],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	NO_UNCOMPRESS2=yes])
+LIBS="$old_LIBS"
+
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
 
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_DEFLATE_BOUND])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UNCOMPRESS2])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt b/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt
index be67b4dab0..5100f56bb3 100644
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -647,6 +647,12 @@ parse_makefile_for_sources(libxdiff_SOURCES "XDIFF_OBJS")
 list(TRANSFORM libxdiff_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
 add_library(xdiff STATIC ${libxdiff_SOURCES})
 
+#reftable
+parse_makefile_for_sources(reftable_SOURCES "REFTABLE_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM reftable_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+add_library(reftable STATIC ${reftable_SOURCES})
+
 if(WIN32)
 	if(NOT MSVC)#use windres when compiling with gcc and clang
 		add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res
@@ -669,7 +675,7 @@ endif()
 #link all required libraries to common-main
 add_library(common-main OBJECT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/common-main.c)
 
-target_link_libraries(common-main libgit xdiff ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(common-main libgit xdiff reftable ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
 if(Intl_FOUND)
 	target_link_libraries(common-main ${Intl_LIBRARIES})
 endif()
@@ -908,11 +914,15 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 add_executable(test-fake-ssh ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-fake-ssh.c)
 target_link_libraries(test-fake-ssh common-main)
 
+#reftable-tests
+parse_makefile_for_sources(test-reftable_SOURCES "REFTABLE_TEST_OBJS")
+list(TRANSFORM test-reftable_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+
 #test-tool
 parse_makefile_for_sources(test-tool_SOURCES "TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS")
 
 list(TRANSFORM test-tool_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/")
-add_executable(test-tool ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-tool.c ${test-tool_SOURCES})
+add_executable(test-tool ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-tool.c ${test-tool_SOURCES} ${test-reftable_SOURCES})
 target_link_libraries(test-tool common-main)
 
 set_target_properties(test-fake-ssh test-tool
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm
index d2584450ba..1a25789d28 100644
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ sub createProject {
     my $libs_release = "\n    ";
     my $libs_debug = "\n    ";
     if (!$static_library) {
-      $libs_release = join(";", sort(grep /^(?!libgit\.lib|xdiff\/lib\.lib|vcs-svn\/lib\.lib)/, @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_LIBS"}}));
+      $libs_release = join(";", sort(grep /^(?!libgit\.lib|xdiff\/lib\.lib|vcs-svn\/lib\.lib|reftable\/libreftable\.lib)/, @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_LIBS"}}));
       $libs_debug = $libs_release;
       $libs_debug =~ s/zlib\.lib/zlibd\.lib/g;
       $libs_debug =~ s/libexpat\.lib/libexpatd\.lib/g;
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ EOM
 EOM
     if (!$static_library || $target =~ 'vcs-svn' || $target =~ 'xdiff') {
       my $uuid_libgit = $$build_structure{"LIBS_libgit_GUID"};
+      my $uuid_libreftable = $$build_structure{"LIBS_reftable/libreftable_GUID"};
       my $uuid_xdiff_lib = $$build_structure{"LIBS_xdiff/lib_GUID"};
 
       print F << "EOM";
@@ -241,6 +242,14 @@ EOM
       <ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
     </ProjectReference>
 EOM
+      if (!($name =~ /xdiff|libreftable/)) {
+        print F << "EOM";
+    <ProjectReference Include="$cdup\\reftable\\libreftable\\libreftable.vcxproj">
+      <Project>$uuid_libreftable</Project>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+EOM
+      }
       if (!($name =~ 'xdiff')) {
         print F << "EOM";
     <ProjectReference Include="$cdup\\xdiff\\lib\\xdiff_lib.vcxproj">
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
index 9e25c40e9a..5d40368f18 100644
--- a/hash.h
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -95,12 +95,18 @@ static inline void git_SHA256_Clone(git_SHA256_CTX *dst, const git_SHA256_CTX *s
 /* Number of algorithms supported (including unknown). */
 #define GIT_HASH_NALGOS (GIT_HASH_SHA256 + 1)
 
+/* "sha1", big-endian */
+#define GIT_SHA1_FORMAT_ID 0x73686131
+
 /* The length in bytes and in hex digits of an object name (SHA-1 value). */
 #define GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ 20
 #define GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ (2 * GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ)
 /* The block size of SHA-1. */
 #define GIT_SHA1_BLKSZ 64
 
+/* "s256", big-endian */
+#define GIT_SHA256_FORMAT_ID 0x73323536
+
 /* The length in bytes and in hex digits of an object name (SHA-256 value). */
 #define GIT_SHA256_RAWSZ 32
 #define GIT_SHA256_HEXSZ (2 * GIT_SHA256_RAWSZ)
diff --git a/object-file.c b/object-file.c
index eac67f6f5f..7ab1446df4 100644
--- a/object-file.c
+++ b/object-file.c
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ static void git_hash_unknown_final_oid(struct object_id *oid, git_hash_ctx *ctx)
 	BUG("trying to finalize unknown hash");
 }
 
-
 const struct git_hash_algo hash_algos[GIT_HASH_NALGOS] = {
 	{
 		NULL,
@@ -184,8 +183,7 @@ const struct git_hash_algo hash_algos[GIT_HASH_NALGOS] = {
 	},
 	{
 		"sha1",
-		/* "sha1", big-endian */
-		0x73686131,
+		GIT_SHA1_FORMAT_ID,
 		GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ,
 		GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ,
 		GIT_SHA1_BLKSZ,
@@ -200,8 +198,7 @@ const struct git_hash_algo hash_algos[GIT_HASH_NALGOS] = {
 	},
 	{
 		"sha256",
-		/* "s256", big-endian */
-		0x73323536,
+		GIT_SHA256_FORMAT_ID,
 		GIT_SHA256_RAWSZ,
 		GIT_SHA256_HEXSZ,
 		GIT_SHA256_BLKSZ,
diff --git a/reftable/LICENSE b/reftable/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..402e0f9356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reftable/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+BSD License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020, Google LLC
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of Google LLC nor the names of its contributors may
+be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/reftable/basics.c b/reftable/basics.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f761e48028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reftable/basics.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2020 Google LLC
+
+Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+*/
+
+#include "basics.h"
+
+void put_be24(uint8_t *out, uint32_t i)
+{
+	out[0] = (uint8_t)((i >> 16) & 0xff);
+	out[1] = (uint8_t)((i >> 8) & 0xff);
+	out[2] = (uint8_t)(i & 0xff);
+}
+
+uint32_t get_be24(uint8_t *in)
+{
+	return (uint32_t)(in[0]) << 16 | (uint32_t)(in[1]) << 8 |
+	       (uint32_t)(in[2]);
+}
+
+void put_be16(uint8_t *out, uint16_t i)
+{
+	out[0] = (uint8_t)((i >> 8) & 0xff);
+	out[1] = (uint8_t)(i & 0xff);
+}
+
+int binsearch(size_t sz, int (*f)(size_t k, void *args), void *args)
+{
+	size_t lo = 0;
+	size_t hi = sz;
+
+	/* Invariants:
+	 *
+	 *  (hi == sz) || f(hi) == true
+	 *  (lo == 0 && f(0) == true) || fi(lo) == false