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diff --git a/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/README.md b/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/README.md index 5cc8321b6..336155a99 100644 --- a/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/README.md +++ b/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/README.md @@ -12,135 +12,109 @@ [](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/releases) [](https://www.tickgit.com/browse?repo=github.com/gin-gonic/gin) -Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin. +Gin is a web framework written in [Go](https://go.dev/). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin. +**The key features of Gin are:** -## Contents +- Zero allocation router +- Fast +- Middleware support +- Crash-free +- JSON validation +- Routes grouping +- Error management +- Rendering built-in +- Extendable -- [Gin Web Framework](#gin-web-framework) - - [Contents](#contents) - - [Installation](#installation) - - [Quick start](#quick-start) - - [Benchmarks](#benchmarks) - - [Gin v1. stable](#gin-v1-stable) - - [Build with jsoniter/go-json](#build-with-json-replacement) - - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature) - - [API Examples](#api-examples) - - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options) - - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path) - - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters) - - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form) - - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form) - - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters) - - [Upload files](#upload-files) - - [Single file](#single-file) - - [Multiple files](#multiple-files) - - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes) - - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default) - - [Using middleware](#using-middleware) - - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file) - - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format) - - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring) - - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation) - - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators) - - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string) - - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data) - - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri) - - [Bind Header](#bind-header) - - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes) - - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding) - - [XML, JSON, YAML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-and-protobuf-rendering) - - [SecureJSON](#securejson) - - [JSONP](#jsonp) - - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson) - - [PureJSON](#purejson) - - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files) - - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file) - - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader) - - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering) - - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer) - - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters) - - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs) - - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate) - - [Redirects](#redirects) - - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware) - - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware) - - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware) - - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration) - - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt) - - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin) - - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart) - - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages) - - [Manually](#manually) - - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates) - - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct) - - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs) - - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push) - - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes) - - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie) - - [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies) - - [Testing](#testing) - - [Users](#users) -## Installation +## Getting started -To install Gin package, you need to install Go and set your Go workspace first. +### Prerequisites -1. You first need [Go](https://golang.org/) installed (**version 1.14+ is required**), then you can use the below Go command to install Gin. +- **[Go](https://go.dev/)**: ~~any one of the **three latest major** [releases](https://go.dev/doc/devel/release)~~ (now version **1.16+** is required). -```sh -$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin -``` +### Getting Gin -2. Import it in your code: +With [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) support, simply add the following import -```go +``` import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ``` -3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`. - -```go -import "net/http" -``` +to your code, and then `go [build|run|test]` will automatically fetch the necessary dependencies. -## Quick start +Otherwise, run the following Go command to install the `gin` package: ```sh -# assume the following codes in example.go file -$ cat example.go +$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin ``` +### Running Gin + +First you need to import Gin package for using Gin, one simplest example likes the follow `example.go`: + ```go package main import ( - "net/http" + "net/http" - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" + "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func main() { - r := gin.Default() - r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "message": "pong", - }) - }) - r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080") + r := gin.Default() + r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { + c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ + "message": "pong", + }) + }) + r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080") } ``` +And use the Go command to run the demo: + ``` -# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser +# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser $ go run example.go ``` -## Benchmarks +### Learn more examples + +#### Quick Start + +Learn and practice more examples, please read the [Gin Quick Start](docs/doc.md) which includes API examples and builds tag. + +#### Examples + +A number of ready-to-run examples demonstrating various use cases of Gin on the [Gin examples](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples) repository. + + +## Documentation + +See [API documentation and descriptions](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) for package. + +All documentation is available on the Gin website. + +- [English](https://gin-gonic.com/docs/) +- [简体中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/) +- [繁體中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-tw/docs/) +- [日本語](https://gin-gonic.com/ja/docs/) +- [Español](https://gin-gonic.com/es/docs/) +- [한국어](https://gin-gonic.com/ko-kr/docs/) +- [Turkish](https://gin-gonic.com/tr/docs/) +- [Persian](https://gin-gonic.com/fa/docs/) + +### Articles about Gin + +A curated list of awesome Gin framework. + +- [Tutorial: Developing a RESTful API with Go and Gin](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/web-service-gin) -Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter) +## Benchmarks -[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md) +Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter), [see all benchmarks details](/BENCHMARKS.md). | Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | | ------------------------------ | ---------:| ---------------:| ------------:| ---------------:| @@ -180,2159 +154,11 @@ Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httpr - (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better - (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better -## Gin v1. stable - -- [x] Zero allocation router. -- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing. -- [x] Complete suite of unit tests. -- [x] Battle tested. -- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code. - -## Build with json replacement - -Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags. - -[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go) -```sh -$ go build -tags=jsoniter . -``` -[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json) -```sh -$ go build -tags=go_json . -``` - -## Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature - -Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag. - -```sh -$ go build -tags=nomsgpack . -``` - -This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852). - -## API Examples - -You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples). - -### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS - -```go -func main() { - // Creates a gin router with default middleware: - // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware - router := gin.Default() - - router.GET("/someGet", getting) - router.POST("/somePost", posting) - router.PUT("/somePut", putting) - router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting) - router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching) - router.HEAD("/someHead", head) - router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options) - - // By default it serves on :8080 unless a - // PORT environment variable was defined. - router.Run() - // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port -} -``` - -### Parameters in path - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user - router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) { - name := c.Param("name") - c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name) - }) - - // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send - // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/ - router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) { - name := c.Param("name") - action := c.Param("action") - message := name + " is " + action - c.String(http.StatusOK, message) - }) - - // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition - router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) { - b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true - c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b) - }) - - // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups. - // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined. - // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes - router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]") - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Querystring parameters - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object. - // The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe - router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) { - firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest") - lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") - - c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Multipart/Urlencoded Form - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) { - message := c.PostForm("message") - nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous") - - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "status": "posted", - "message": message, - "nick": nick, - }) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Another example: query + post form - -``` -POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1 -Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded - -name=manu&message=this_is_great -``` - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) { - - id := c.Query("id") - page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0") - name := c.PostForm("name") - message := c.PostForm("message") - - fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -``` -id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great -``` - -### Map as querystring or postform parameters - -``` -POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1 -Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded - -names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou -``` - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) { - - ids := c.QueryMap("ids") - names := c.PostFormMap("names") - - fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -``` -ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou] -``` - -### Upload files - -#### Single file - -References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single). - -`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693) - -> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done. - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB) - router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB - router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) { - // Single file - file, _ := c.FormFile("file") - log.Println(file.Filename) - - // Upload the file to specific dst. - c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst) - - c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename)) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -How to `curl`: - -```bash -curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ - -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \ - -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -``` - -#### Multiple files - -See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple). - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB) - router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB - router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) { - // Multipart form - form, _ := c.MultipartForm() - files := form.File["upload[]"] - - for _, file := range files { - log.Println(file.Filename) - - // Upload the file to specific dst. - c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst) - } - c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files))) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -How to `curl`: - -```bash -curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ - -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \ - -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \ - -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -``` - -### Grouping routes - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - // Simple group: v1 - v1 := router.Group("/v1") - { - v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) - v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) - v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint) - } - - // Simple group: v2 - v2 := router.Group("/v2") - { - v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) - v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) - v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint) - } - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Blank Gin without middleware by default - -Use - -```go -r := gin.New() -``` - -instead of - -```go -// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached -r := gin.Default() -``` - - -### Using middleware -```go -func main() { - // Creates a router without any middleware by default - r := gin.New() - - // Global middleware - // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release. - // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout - r.Use(gin.Logger()) - - // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one. - r.Use(gin.Recovery()) - - // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire. - r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint) - - // Authorization group - // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired()) - // exactly the same as: - authorized := r.Group("/") - // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created - // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group. - authorized.Use(AuthRequired()) - { - authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) - authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) - authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint) - - // nested group - testing := authorized.Group("testing") - // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics - testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint) - } - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Custom Recovery behavior -```go -func main() { - // Creates a router without any middleware by default - r := gin.New() - - // Global middleware - // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release. - // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout - r.Use(gin.Logger()) - - // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one. - r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) { - if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok { - c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err)) - } - c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError) - })) - - r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) { - // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user - panic("foo") - }) - - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai") - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### How to write log file -```go -func main() { - // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file. - gin.DisableConsoleColor() - - // Logging to a file. - f, _ := os.Create("gin.log") - gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f) - - // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time. - // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout) - - router := gin.Default() - router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Custom Log Format -```go -func main() { - router := gin.New() - - // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter - // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout - router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string { - - // your custom format - return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n", - param.ClientIP, - param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123), - param.Method, - param.Path, - param.Request.Proto, - param.StatusCode, - param.Latency, - param.Request.UserAgent(), - param.ErrorMessage, - ) - })) - router.Use(gin.Recovery()) - - router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -**Sample Output** -``` -::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" " -``` - -### Controlling Log output coloring - -By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY. - -Never colorize logs: - -```go -func main() { - // Disable log's color - gin.DisableConsoleColor() - - // Creates a gin router with default middleware: - // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware - router := gin.Default() - - router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -Always colorize logs: - -```go -func main() { - // Force log's color - gin.ForceConsoleColor() - - // Creates a gin router with default middleware: - // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware - router := gin.Default() - - router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Model binding and validation - -To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz). - -Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags). - -Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`. - -Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding: -- **Type** - Must bind - - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML` - - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method. -- **Type** - Should bind - - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`, - - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately. - -When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`. - -You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, an error will be returned. - -```go -// Binding from JSON -type Login struct { - User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"` - Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"` -} - -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"}) - router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { - var json Login - if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) - return - } - - if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" { - c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) - return - } - - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) - }) - - // Example for binding XML ( - // <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> - // <root> - // <user>manu</user> - // <password>123</password> - // </root>) - router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) { - var xml Login - if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) - return - } - - if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" { - c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) - return - } - - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) - }) - - // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123) - router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) { - var form Login - // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header. - if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) - return - } - - if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" { - c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) - return - } - - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -**Sample request** -```shell -$ curl -v -X POST \ - http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \ - -H 'content-type: application/json' \ - -d '{ "user": "manu" }' -> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1 -> Host: localhost:8080 -> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0 -> Accept: */* -> content-type: application/json -> Content-Length: 18 -> -* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes -< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request -< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 -< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT -< Content-Length: 100 -< -{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"} -``` - -**Skip validate** - -When running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again. - -### Custom Validators - -It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go). - -```go -package main - -import ( - "net/http" - "time" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding" - "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" -) - -// Booking contains binded and validated data. -type Booking struct { - CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"` - CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"` -} - -var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool { - date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time) - if ok { - today := time.Now() - if today.After(date) { - return false - } - } - return true -} - -func main() { - route := gin.Default() - - if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok { - v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate) - } - - route.GET("/bookable", getBookable) - route.Run(":8085") -} - -func getBookable(c *gin.Context) { - var b Booking - if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"}) - } else { - c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) - } -} -``` - -```console -$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17" -{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"} - -$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09" -{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"} - -$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10" -{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}% -``` - -[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way. -See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more. - -### Only Bind Query String - -`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017). - -```go -package main - -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -type Person struct { - Name string `form:"name"` - Address string `form:"address"` -} - -func main() { - route := gin.Default() - route.Any("/testing", startPage) - route.Run(":8085") -} - -func startPage(c *gin.Context) { - var person Person - if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil { - log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======") - log.Println(person.Name) - log.Println(person.Address) - } - c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success") -} - -``` - -### Bind Query String or Post Data - -See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292). - -```go -package main - -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - "time" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -type Person struct { - Name string `form:"name"` - Address string `form:"address"` - Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"` - CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"` - UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"` -} - -func main() { - route := gin.Default() - route.GET("/testing", startPage) - route.Run(":8085") -} - -func startPage(c *gin.Context) { - var person Person - // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used. - // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`). - // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88 - if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil { - log.Println(person.Name) - log.Println(person.Address) - log.Println(person.Birthday) - log.Println(person.CreateTime) - log.Println(person.UnixTime) - } - - c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success") -} -``` - -Test it with: -```sh -$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033" -``` - -### Bind Uri - -See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846). - -```go -package main - -import ( - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -type Person struct { - ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"` - Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"` -} - -func main() { - route := gin.Default() - route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) { - var person Person - if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()}) - return - } - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID}) - }) - route.Run(":8088") -} -``` - -Test it with: -```sh -$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3 -$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid -``` - -### Bind Header - -```go -package main - -import ( - "fmt" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -type testHeader struct { - Rate int `header:"Rate"` - Domain string `header:"Domain"` -} - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - h := testHeader{} - - if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err) - } - - fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h) - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain}) - }) - - r.Run() - -// client -// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/ -// output -// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300} -} -``` - -### Bind HTML checkboxes - -See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092) - -main.go - -```go -... - -type myForm struct { - Colors []string `form:"colors[]"` -} - -... - -func formHandler(c *gin.Context) { - var fakeForm myForm - c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm) - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors}) -} - -... - -``` - -form.html - -```html -<form action="/" method="POST"> - <p>Check some colors</p> - <label for="red">Red</label> - <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red"> - <label for="green">Green</label> - <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green"> - <label for="blue">Blue</label> - <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue"> - <input type="submit"> -</form> -``` - -result: - -``` -{"color":["red","green","blue"]} -``` - -### Multipart/Urlencoded binding - -```go -type ProfileForm struct { - Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"` - Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"` - - // or for multiple files - // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"` -} - -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) { - // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration: - // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form) - // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method: - var form ProfileForm - // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected - if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil { - c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request") - return - } - - err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename) - if err != nil { - c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error") - return - } - - // db.Save(&form) - - c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok") - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -Test it with: -```sh -$ curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile -``` - -### XML, JSON, YAML and ProtoBuf rendering - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{} - r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) - }) - - r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { - // You also can use a struct - var msg struct { - Name string `json:"user"` - Message string - Number int - } - msg.Name = "Lena" - msg.Message = "hey" - msg.Number = 123 - // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON - // Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123} - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg) - }) - - r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) - }) - - r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) - }) - - r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) { - reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)} - label := "test" - // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file. - data := &protoexample.Test{ - Label: &label, - Reps: reps, - } - // Note that data becomes binary data in the response - // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data - c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -#### SecureJSON - -Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values. - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // You can also use your own secure json prefix - // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n") - - r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { - names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"} - - // Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"] - c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` -#### JSONP - -Using JSONP to request data from a server in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists. - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) { - data := gin.H{ - "foo": "bar", - } - - //callback is x - // Will output : x({\"foo\":\"bar\"}) - c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") - - // client - // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x -} -``` - -#### AsciiJSON - -Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters. - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { - data := gin.H{ - "lang": "GO语言", - "tag": "<br>", - } - - // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"} - c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -#### PureJSON - -Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead. -This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower. - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // Serves unicode entities - r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>", - }) - }) - - // Serves literal characters - r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>", - }) - }) - - // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Serving static files - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.Static("/assets", "./assets") - router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system")) - router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico") - router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system")) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Serving data from file - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.File("local/file.go") - }) - - var fs http.FileSystem = // ... - router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs) - }) -} - -``` - -### Serving data from reader - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) { - response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png") - if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK { - c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable) - return - } - - reader := response.Body - defer reader.Close() - contentLength := response.ContentLength - contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type") - - extraHeaders := map[string]string{ - "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`, - } - - c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### HTML rendering - -Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles() - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*") - //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html") - router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{ - "title": "Main website", - }) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -templates/index.tmpl - -```html -<html> - <h1> - {{ .title }} - </h1> -</html> -``` - -Using templates with same name in different directories - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*") - router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{ - "title": "Posts", - }) - }) - router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{ - "title": "Users", - }) - }) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -templates/posts/index.tmpl - -```html -{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }} -<html><h1> - {{ .title }} -</h1> -<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p> -</html> -{{ end }} -``` - -templates/users/index.tmpl - -```html -{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }} -<html><h1> - {{ .title }} -</h1> -<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p> -</html> -{{ end }} -``` - -#### Custom Template renderer - -You can also use your own html template render - -```go -import "html/template" - -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2")) - router.SetHTMLTemplate(html) - router.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -#### Custom Delimiters - -You may use custom delims - -```go - r := gin.Default() - r.Delims("{[{", "}]}") - r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates") -``` - -#### Custom Template Funcs - -See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template). - -main.go - -```go -import ( - "fmt" - "html/template" - "net/http" - "time" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string { - year, month, day := t.Date() - return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day) -} - -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.Delims("{[{", "}]}") - router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{ - "formatAsDate": formatAsDate, - }) - router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl") - - router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{ - "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), - }) - }) - - router.Run(":8080") -} - -``` - -raw.tmpl - -```html -Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]} -``` - -Result: -``` -Date: 2017/07/01 -``` - -### Multitemplate - -Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`. - -### Redirects - -Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported. - -```go -r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/") -}) -``` - -Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444) -```go -r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo") -}) -``` - -Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below. -``` go -r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2" - r.HandleContext(c) -}) -r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"}) -}) -``` - - -### Custom Middleware - -```go -func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc { - return func(c *gin.Context) { - t := time.Now() - - // Set example variable - c.Set("example", "12345") - - // before request - - c.Next() - - // after request - latency := time.Since(t) - log.Print(latency) - - // access the status we are sending - status := c.Writer.Status() - log.Println(status) - } -} - -func main() { - r := gin.New() - r.Use(Logger()) - - r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { - example := c.MustGet("example").(string) - - // it would print: "12345" - log.Println(example) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Using BasicAuth() middleware - -```go -// simulate some private data -var secrets = gin.H{ - "foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"}, - "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"}, - "lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"}, -} - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware - // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string - authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{ - "foo": "bar", - "austin": "1234", - "lena": "hello2", - "manu": "4321", - })) - - // /admin/secrets endpoint - // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets - authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) { - // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware - user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string) - if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret}) - } else { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("}) - } - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Goroutines inside a middleware - -When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy. - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) { - // create copy to be used inside the goroutine - cCp := c.Copy() - go func() { - // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds - time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) - - // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT - log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path) - }() - }) - - r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) { - // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds - time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) - - // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context - log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path) - }) - - // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -### Custom HTTP configuration - -Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this: - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router) -} -``` -or - -```go -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - - s := &http.Server{ - Addr: ":8080", - Handler: router, - ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second, - WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, - MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20, - } - s.ListenAndServe() -} -``` +## Middlewares -### Support Let's Encrypt +You can find many useful Gin middlewares at [gin-contrib](https://github.com/gin-contrib). -example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers. - -```go -package main - -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // Ping handler - r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com")) -} -``` - -example for custom autocert manager. - -```go -package main - -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" - "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert" -) - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - - // Ping handler - r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - - m := autocert.Manager{ - Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS, - HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"), - Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"), - } - - log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m)) -} -``` - -### Run multiple service using Gin - -See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example: - -```go -package main - -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - "time" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" - "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup" -) - -var ( - g errgroup.Group -) - -func router01() http.Handler { - e := gin.New() - e.Use(gin.Recovery()) - e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON( - http.StatusOK, - gin.H{ - "code": http.StatusOK, - "error": "Welcome server 01", - }, - ) - }) - - return e -} - -func router02() http.Handler { - e := gin.New() - e.Use(gin.Recovery()) - e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON( - http.StatusOK, - gin.H{ - "code": http.StatusOK, - "error": "Welcome server 02", - }, - ) - }) - - return e -} - -func main() { - server01 := &http.Server{ - Addr: ":8080", - Handler: router01(), - ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, - WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, - } - - server02 := &http.Server{ - Addr: ":8081", - Handler: router02(), - ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, - WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, - } - - g.Go(func() error { - err := server01.ListenAndServe() - if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { - log.Fatal(err) - } - return err - }) - - g.Go(func() error { - err := server02.ListenAndServe() - if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { - log.Fatal(err) - } - return err - }) - - if err := g.Wait(); err != nil { - log.Fatal(err) - } -} -``` - -### Graceful shutdown or restart - -There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages. - -#### Third-party packages - -We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details. - -```go -router := gin.Default() -router.GET("/", handler) -// [...] -endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router) -``` - -Alternatives: - -* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully. -* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server. -* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers. - -#### Manually - -In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown). - -```go -// +build go1.8 - -package main - -import ( - "context" - "log" - "net/http" - "os" - "os/signal" - "syscall" - "time" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - router := gin.Default() - router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) - c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server") - }) - - srv := &http.Server{ - Addr: ":8080", - Handler: router, - } - - // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that - // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below - go func() { - if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) { - log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err) - } - }() - - // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with - // a timeout of 5 seconds. - quit := make(chan os.Signal) - // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM - // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT - // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it - signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM) - <-quit - log.Println("Shutting down server...") - - // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish - // the request it is currently handling - ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second) - defer cancel() - - if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil { - log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err) - } - - log.Println("Server exiting") -} -``` - -### Build a single binary with templates - -You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using [go-assets][]. - -[go-assets]: https://github.com/jessevdk/go-assets - -```go -func main() { - r := gin.New() - - t, err := loadTemplate() - if err != nil { - panic(err) - } - r.SetHTMLTemplate(t) - - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil) - }) - r.Run(":8080") -} - -// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder -func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) { - t := template.New("") - for name, file := range Assets.Files { - defer file.Close() - if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") { - continue - } - h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file) - if err != nil { - return nil, err - } - t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h)) - if err != nil { - return nil, err - } - } - return t, nil -} -``` - -See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary` directory. - -### Bind form-data request with custom struct - -The follow example using custom struct: - -```go -type StructA struct { - FieldA string `form:"field_a"` -} - -type StructB struct { - NestedStruct StructA - FieldB string `form:"field_b"` -} - -type StructC struct { - NestedStructPointer *StructA - FieldC string `form:"field_c"` -} - -type StructD struct { - NestedAnonyStruct struct { - FieldX string `form:"field_x"` - } - FieldD string `form:"field_d"` -} - -func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) { - var b StructB - c.Bind(&b) - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "a": b.NestedStruct, - "b": b.FieldB, - }) -} - -func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) { - var b StructC - c.Bind(&b) - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "a": b.NestedStructPointer, - "c": b.FieldC, - }) -} - -func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) { - var b StructD - c.Bind(&b) - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ - "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct, - "d": b.FieldD, - }) -} - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - r.GET("/getb", GetDataB) - r.GET("/getc", GetDataC) - r.GET("/getd", GetDataD) - - r.Run() -} -``` - -Using the command `curl` command result: - -``` -$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world" -{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"} -$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world" -{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"} -$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world" -{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}} -``` - -### Try to bind body into different structs - -The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they -cannot be called multiple times. - -```go -type formA struct { - Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"` -} - -type formB struct { - Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"` -} - -func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { - objA := formA{} - objB := formB{} - // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused. - if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil { - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) - // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now. - } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil { - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`) - } else { - ... - } -} -``` - -For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`. - -```go -func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { - objA := formA{} - objB := formB{} - // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context. - if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil { - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) - // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context. - } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil { - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`) - // And it can accepts other formats - } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil { - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`) - } else { - ... - } -} -``` - -* `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has -a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are -enough to call binding at once. -* This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`, -`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`, -can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to -performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)). - -### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag - -```go -const ( - customerTag = "url" - defaultMemory = 32 << 20 -) - -type customerBinding struct {} - -func (customerBinding) Name() string { - return "form" -} - -func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error { - if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil { - return err - } - if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil { - if err != http.ErrNotMultipart { - return err - } - } - if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil { - return err - } - return validate(obj) -} - -func validate(obj interface{}) error { - if binding.Validator == nil { - return nil - } - return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj) -} - -// Now we can do this!!! -// FormA is a external type that we can't modify it's tag -type FormA struct { - FieldA string `url:"field_a"` -} - -func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) { - return func(ctx *gin.Context) { - var urlBinding = customerBinding{} - var opt FormA - err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding) - if err != nil { - ... - } - ... - } -} -``` - -### http2 server push - -http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://blog.golang.org/h2push) for detail information. - -```go -package main - -import ( - "html/template" - "log" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(` -<html> -<head> - <title>Https Test</title> - <script src="/assets/app.js"></script> -</head> -<body> - <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1> -</body> -</html> -`)) - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - r.Static("/assets", "./assets") - r.SetHTMLTemplate(html) - - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil { - // use pusher.Push() to do server push - if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil { - log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err) - } - } - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{ - "status": "success", - }) - }) - - // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080 - r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key") -} -``` - -### Define format for the log of routes - -The default log of routes is: -``` -[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers) -[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers) -[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers) -``` - -If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`. -In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs. -```go -import ( - "log" - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - r := gin.Default() - gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) { - log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers) - } - - r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo") - }) - - r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar") - }) - - r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok") - }) - - // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080 - r.Run() -} -``` - -### Set and get a cookie - -```go -import ( - "fmt" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - - router := gin.Default() - - router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) { - - cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie") - - if err != nil { - cookie = "NotSet" - c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true) - } - - fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie) - }) - - router.Run() -} -``` - -## Don't trust all proxies - -Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any), -as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to -specify one of these headers. - -Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses -or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client -IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or -IPv6 CIDRs. - -**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted -proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't -use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`, -then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some -unnecessary computation. - -```go -import ( - "fmt" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - - router := gin.Default() - router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"}) - - router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For - // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust- - // worthy parts of that header. - // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP - fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP()) - }) - router.Run() -} -``` - -**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform` -to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. -Look at the example below: -```go -import ( - "fmt" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func main() { - - router := gin.Default() - // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX - router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine - // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service - // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe - router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP" - - router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { - // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the - // corresponding header and return IP directly - fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP()) - }) - router.Run() -} -``` - -## Testing - -The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing. - -```go -package main - -import ( - "net/http" - - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" -) - -func setupRouter() *gin.Engine { - r := gin.Default() - r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { - c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") - }) - return r -} - -func main() { - r := setupRouter() - r.Run(":8080") -} -``` - -Test for code example above: - -```go -package main - -import ( - "net/http" - "net/http/httptest" - "testing" - - "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert" -) - -func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) { - router := setupRouter() - - w := httptest.NewRecorder() - req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil) - router.ServeHTTP(w, req) - - assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code) - assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String()) -} -``` ## Users @@ -2341,8 +167,13 @@ Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framewor * [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): A push notification server written in Go. * [fnproject](https://github.com/fnproject/fn): The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform. * [photoprism](https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism): Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow. -* [krakend](https://github.com/devopsfaith/krakend): Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares. +* [lura](https://github.com/luraproject/lura): Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares. * [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go. -* [brigade](https://github.com/brigadecore/brigade): Event-based Scripting for Kubernetes. * [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system. + +## Contributing + +Gin is the work of hundreds of contributors. We appreciate your help! + +Please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.
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